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344,100 | 16,803,577 | 2,119 | This invention relates to methods of selecting or tailoring a therapeutic for an individual subject, reducing the excipient burden in a subject, and identifying adverse reaction-associated inactive ingredients in a subject being administered multiple drugs. The invention also relates to methods of inhibiting UGT2B7 activity or P-gp activity, methods of treating a subject via co-administration of a UGT2B7 inhibitor or a P-gp inhibitor, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising gum rosin, abietic acid, or vitamin A palmate. | 1. A method of selecting a therapeutic for an individual subject, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a formulation network that depicts available alternatives of dosage forms and interchangeabilities of functionally equivalent inactive ingredients, b) selecting a first drug formulation from within the formulation network wherein the first drug formulation comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient and at least one inactive ingredient, c) identifying at least one ingredient that is toxic to the individual subject from among the at least one inactive ingredient in the first drug formulation, and d) selecting and administering a second drug formulation from within the formulation network wherein the second drug formulation comprises the active pharmaceutical ingredient and does not comprise the at least one toxic ingredient. 2. A method of treating a subject with a therapeutic comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the method comprising
a) evaluating a first set of excipients provided with an API for toxicity in the subject; b) replacing the first set of excipients wherein one or more of the excipients is found to be toxic to the subject with a second set of excipients, wherein the toxic excipients in the first set of excipients are replaced with non-toxic excipients that are functionally equivalent to the corresponding toxic excipient; and c) administering the API with the second set of excipients to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the toxicity is an allergy. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the allergy is to gluten or lactose. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the functional equivalence is selected from the group consisting of antiadherence, binding, coating, color, disintegration, flavor, providing glide, lubrication, preservation of the API, prevention of water absorption, sweetening, bulking, vehicles, and bioequivalents. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more excipients found to be toxic to the subject are selected from the group consisting of a food, a polymer, a dye, and a sugar. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more excipients found to be toxic to the subject are selected from the group consisting of lactose, corn starch, PEG, povidone, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, Brilliant Blue, Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura Red, propylene glycol, indigo carmine, mannitol, sucrose, sodium benzoate, parabens, aspartame, erythrosine, tartrazine, saccharine, poloxamer, soybean oil, benzyl alcohol, vanilla, castor oil, cetyl alcohol, sulfite, PEG castor oils, peanut oil, benzoic acid, corn syrup, sesame oil, starch wheat, casein, banana essence, milk, glucosamine, new coccine, and stearyl alcohol. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the toxicity is gastrointestinal distress. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the gastrointestinal distress is caused by a fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, or polyol (FODMAP). 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises mitigating toxicity in the subject, wherein the toxicity is the result of at least one toxic inactive ingredient in the first set of excipients. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the subject has an allergy;
the toxic excipient in the first set of excipients is an allergen to the subject; and the second set of excipients does not comprise the allergen. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is ingesting multiple drugs, and wherein the method further comprises comprising:
a) identifying all excipients in the multiple drugs being ingested by the subject; and b) quantifying the total amount of each excipient being ingested by the subject during a specified timeframe to determine an excipient burden. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
c) identifying one or more symptoms experienced by the subject during administration of the multiple drugs, and d) correlating the excipient burden to the one or more symptoms to establish a potential causal relationship. 15. The method of claim 2, wherein the subject has irritable bowel syndrome, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or dyspepsia;
the toxic excipient in the first set of excipients provokes an adverse reaction in the subject's gastrointestinal (GI) tract; and the second set of excipients comprises a reduced amount of the toxic excipient. 16-24. (canceled) 25. A method of reducing the total adverse reaction-associated inactive ingredient (ARAII) excipient burden in a subject being administered multiple drugs, the method comprising:
a) identifying a set of therapeutics being administered to the subject; b) identifying excipients and APIs in the set of therapeutics being administered to the subject; c) identifying an excipient being administered to the subject as the ARAII in the subject; d) quantifying the total amount of the ARAII being administered to the subject to determine a first ARAII excipient burden; and e) selecting a new set of therapeutics wherein the new set of therapeutics comprises the APIs of the first set of therapeutics and wherein the new set of therapeutics comprises a second ARAII excipient burden that is less than the first ARAII excipient burden. 26-31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 2, wherein the first set of excipients and the second set of excipients have previously been administered to a human. 33. (canceled) 34. A method of inhibiting UGT2B7 activity, comprising contacting a cell having UGT2B7 activity with a UGT2B7 inhibitor selected from the group consisting of gum rosin and abietic acid. 35. (canceled) 36. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising co-administering to the subject:
an effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), wherein the API undergoes UGT2B7-mediated glucuronidation; and a UGT2B7 inhibitor selected from the group consisting of gum rosin and abietic acid. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor and the API are co-administered in a formulation wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor and the API are mixed together. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor is not used as a coating. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the API is selected from the group consisting of: hydromorphone, losartan, diclofenac, etodolac, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, suprofen, mitiglinide, zaltoprofen, ambrisentan, troglitazone, morphine, indomethacin, mycophenolate mofetil, ezetimibe, mycophenolic acid, vadimezan, epirubicin, tapentadol, pitavastatin, silodosin, zidovudine, lovastatin, simvastatin, oxazepam, carbamazepine, codeine, fluvastatin, valproic acid, dapagliflozin, enasidenib, nalmefene, acemetacin, ertugliflozin, artenimol, labetalol, tamoxifen, carvedilol, ketorolac, dabigatran etexilate, dexibuprofen, gemfibrozil, anastrozole, and loxoprofen. 40. (canceled) 41. A method of inhibiting P-glycoprotein activity, comprising contacting a cell having P-glycoprotein activity with vitamin A palmitate. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the cell overexpresses P-glycoprotein. 43. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising co-administering to the subject:
an effective amount of one or more chemotherapeutic agents; and vitamin A palmitate. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the cancer is characterized by P-glycoprotein overexpression. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the cancer is multidrug-resistant cancer. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, microtubulin inhibitors, topisomerase inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the one or more chemotherapeutic agents have increased cell permeability when co-administered with vitamin A palmitate compared to administration of the one or more chemotherapeutic agents without vitamin A palmitate. 48. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), wherein the API undergoes UGT2B7-mediated glucuronidation; and a UGT2B7 inhibitor selected from the group consisting of gum rosin and abietic acid. 49. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein the API and the UGT2B7 inhibitor are co-formulated as a mixture. 50. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor is not used as a coating. 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a chemotherapeutic agent and vitamin A palmitate. 52. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is a P-gp substrate. | This invention relates to methods of selecting or tailoring a therapeutic for an individual subject, reducing the excipient burden in a subject, and identifying adverse reaction-associated inactive ingredients in a subject being administered multiple drugs. The invention also relates to methods of inhibiting UGT2B7 activity or P-gp activity, methods of treating a subject via co-administration of a UGT2B7 inhibitor or a P-gp inhibitor, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising gum rosin, abietic acid, or vitamin A palmate.1. A method of selecting a therapeutic for an individual subject, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a formulation network that depicts available alternatives of dosage forms and interchangeabilities of functionally equivalent inactive ingredients, b) selecting a first drug formulation from within the formulation network wherein the first drug formulation comprises an active pharmaceutical ingredient and at least one inactive ingredient, c) identifying at least one ingredient that is toxic to the individual subject from among the at least one inactive ingredient in the first drug formulation, and d) selecting and administering a second drug formulation from within the formulation network wherein the second drug formulation comprises the active pharmaceutical ingredient and does not comprise the at least one toxic ingredient. 2. A method of treating a subject with a therapeutic comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the method comprising
a) evaluating a first set of excipients provided with an API for toxicity in the subject; b) replacing the first set of excipients wherein one or more of the excipients is found to be toxic to the subject with a second set of excipients, wherein the toxic excipients in the first set of excipients are replaced with non-toxic excipients that are functionally equivalent to the corresponding toxic excipient; and c) administering the API with the second set of excipients to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the toxicity is an allergy. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the allergy is to gluten or lactose. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the functional equivalence is selected from the group consisting of antiadherence, binding, coating, color, disintegration, flavor, providing glide, lubrication, preservation of the API, prevention of water absorption, sweetening, bulking, vehicles, and bioequivalents. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more excipients found to be toxic to the subject are selected from the group consisting of a food, a polymer, a dye, and a sugar. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more excipients found to be toxic to the subject are selected from the group consisting of lactose, corn starch, PEG, povidone, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, Brilliant Blue, Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura Red, propylene glycol, indigo carmine, mannitol, sucrose, sodium benzoate, parabens, aspartame, erythrosine, tartrazine, saccharine, poloxamer, soybean oil, benzyl alcohol, vanilla, castor oil, cetyl alcohol, sulfite, PEG castor oils, peanut oil, benzoic acid, corn syrup, sesame oil, starch wheat, casein, banana essence, milk, glucosamine, new coccine, and stearyl alcohol. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the toxicity is gastrointestinal distress. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the gastrointestinal distress is caused by a fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, or polyol (FODMAP). 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises mitigating toxicity in the subject, wherein the toxicity is the result of at least one toxic inactive ingredient in the first set of excipients. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the subject has an allergy;
the toxic excipient in the first set of excipients is an allergen to the subject; and the second set of excipients does not comprise the allergen. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is ingesting multiple drugs, and wherein the method further comprises comprising:
a) identifying all excipients in the multiple drugs being ingested by the subject; and b) quantifying the total amount of each excipient being ingested by the subject during a specified timeframe to determine an excipient burden. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
c) identifying one or more symptoms experienced by the subject during administration of the multiple drugs, and d) correlating the excipient burden to the one or more symptoms to establish a potential causal relationship. 15. The method of claim 2, wherein the subject has irritable bowel syndrome, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or dyspepsia;
the toxic excipient in the first set of excipients provokes an adverse reaction in the subject's gastrointestinal (GI) tract; and the second set of excipients comprises a reduced amount of the toxic excipient. 16-24. (canceled) 25. A method of reducing the total adverse reaction-associated inactive ingredient (ARAII) excipient burden in a subject being administered multiple drugs, the method comprising:
a) identifying a set of therapeutics being administered to the subject; b) identifying excipients and APIs in the set of therapeutics being administered to the subject; c) identifying an excipient being administered to the subject as the ARAII in the subject; d) quantifying the total amount of the ARAII being administered to the subject to determine a first ARAII excipient burden; and e) selecting a new set of therapeutics wherein the new set of therapeutics comprises the APIs of the first set of therapeutics and wherein the new set of therapeutics comprises a second ARAII excipient burden that is less than the first ARAII excipient burden. 26-31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 2, wherein the first set of excipients and the second set of excipients have previously been administered to a human. 33. (canceled) 34. A method of inhibiting UGT2B7 activity, comprising contacting a cell having UGT2B7 activity with a UGT2B7 inhibitor selected from the group consisting of gum rosin and abietic acid. 35. (canceled) 36. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising co-administering to the subject:
an effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), wherein the API undergoes UGT2B7-mediated glucuronidation; and a UGT2B7 inhibitor selected from the group consisting of gum rosin and abietic acid. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor and the API are co-administered in a formulation wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor and the API are mixed together. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor is not used as a coating. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the API is selected from the group consisting of: hydromorphone, losartan, diclofenac, etodolac, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, suprofen, mitiglinide, zaltoprofen, ambrisentan, troglitazone, morphine, indomethacin, mycophenolate mofetil, ezetimibe, mycophenolic acid, vadimezan, epirubicin, tapentadol, pitavastatin, silodosin, zidovudine, lovastatin, simvastatin, oxazepam, carbamazepine, codeine, fluvastatin, valproic acid, dapagliflozin, enasidenib, nalmefene, acemetacin, ertugliflozin, artenimol, labetalol, tamoxifen, carvedilol, ketorolac, dabigatran etexilate, dexibuprofen, gemfibrozil, anastrozole, and loxoprofen. 40. (canceled) 41. A method of inhibiting P-glycoprotein activity, comprising contacting a cell having P-glycoprotein activity with vitamin A palmitate. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the cell overexpresses P-glycoprotein. 43. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising co-administering to the subject:
an effective amount of one or more chemotherapeutic agents; and vitamin A palmitate. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the cancer is characterized by P-glycoprotein overexpression. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the cancer is multidrug-resistant cancer. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, microtubulin inhibitors, topisomerase inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the one or more chemotherapeutic agents have increased cell permeability when co-administered with vitamin A palmitate compared to administration of the one or more chemotherapeutic agents without vitamin A palmitate. 48. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), wherein the API undergoes UGT2B7-mediated glucuronidation; and a UGT2B7 inhibitor selected from the group consisting of gum rosin and abietic acid. 49. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein the API and the UGT2B7 inhibitor are co-formulated as a mixture. 50. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein the UGT2B7 inhibitor is not used as a coating. 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a chemotherapeutic agent and vitamin A palmitate. 52. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is a P-gp substrate. | 2,100 |
344,101 | 16,803,559 | 2,119 | In one embodiment, an X-ray diagnostic apparatus includes an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, an arm, and processing circuitry. The arm supports the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The processing circuitry identifies a three-dimensional running direction of a blood vessel of an object from a plurality of images that are obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object from at least two different angles, and controls positions of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that a target position of the blood vessel is imaged from the at least two different directions determined depending on the three-dimensional running direction. | 1. an X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising:
an X-ray source; an X-ray detector; an arm configured to support the X-ray source and the X-ray detector; and processing circuitry configured to
identify a three-dimensional running direction of a blood vessel of an object from a plurality of images that are obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object from at least two different angles, and
control positions of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that a target position of the blood vessel is imaged from the at least two different directions determined depending on the three-dimensional running direction. 2. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the positions of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that the target position is imaged from the at least two different directions within a plane orthogonal to the three-dimensional running direction, the plane including the target position. 3. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
calculate an orbit around the target position of the blood vessel based on the three-dimensional running direction, and rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged along a calculated orbit. 4. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to calculate the orbit within a plane that is orthogonal to the three-dimensional running direction and includes the target position. 5. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the target position is a position where a stent configured to expand a stenosis site of the blood vessel is placed. 6. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to identify the three-dimensional running direction from a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by injecting a contrast agent into the blood vessel and imaging the blood vessel, the second image being obtained by inserting a device attached to a catheter into the blood vessel and imaging the blood vessel from a direction different from an imaging direction of the first image. 7. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
divide a predetermined range along the three-dimensional running direction into a plurality of regions, calculate respective preliminary orbits for the plurality of regions, and select the orbit from the preliminary orbits depending on designation by a user. 8. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the device is an intravascular ultrasound imaging device; and the processing circuitry is configured to
estimate the target position based on association between stenosis information obtained from an image imaged by the intravascular ultrasound imaging device and a position of the intravascular ultrasound imaging device depicted in the second image, and
calculate the orbit based on an estimated target position. 9. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the second image is an image in which at least one marker provided in at least one of a tip of the catheter and a location near the device is further depicted; and the processing circuitry is configured to estimate the target position based on a position of the at least one marker depicted in the second image and calculate the orbit based on an estimated target position. 10. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to identify the three-dimensional running direction from a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by imaging a device inserted into the blood vessel, the device being attached to a catheter, and the second image being obtained by imaging the device from a direction different from an imaging direction of the first image. 11. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to identify the three-dimensional running direction from a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by imaging a device inserted into the blood vessel, the device being attached to a catheter, and the second image being obtained by imaging the device from a direction different from an imaging direction of the first image. 12. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
each of the first image and the second image is an image in which at least one marker provided in at least one of a tip of the catheter and a location near the device is depicted; and the processing circuitry is configured to
estimate the target position based on each position of the at least one marker depicted in the first image and the second image, and
calculate the orbit based on an estimated target position. 13. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
each of the first image and the second image is an image in which at least one marker provided in at least one of a tip of the catheter and a location near the device is depicted; and the processing circuitry is configured to
cause a display to display the first image and the second image in such a manner that designation of the target position can be received from a user in association with display of the first image and the second image, and
calculate the orbit based on the target position designated by the user. 14. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
determine whether mechanical interference occurs in a case of rotating the arm along the calculated orbit or not, determine a new orbit closest to the calculated orbit within a range where the mechanical interference does not occur, when it is determined that the mechanical interference occurs in a case of rotating the arm along the calculated orbit, and rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm based on the new orbit. 15. An X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising:
an X-ray source; an X-ray detector; an arm configured to support the X-ray source and the X-ray detector; and processing circuitry configured to
acquire a three-dimensional image generated by imaging an object,
receive designation of a target position of a blood vessel of the object in the three-dimensional image,
calculate an original orbit around the target position based on a location of the target position and a running direction of the blood vessel corresponding to the target position in such a manner that the original orbit is within a plane orthogonal to the running direction of the blood vessel and including the target position,
perform positioning processing on the three-dimensional image in such a manner that the three-dimensional image positionally matches an X-ray image obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object,
convert the original orbit calculated for the three-dimensional image into a converted orbit for the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and
cause the arm to rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector along the converted orbit in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged. 16. A medical image processing apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to
acquire a plurality of images that are obtained by using an X-ray source and an X-ray detector for imaging an object from at least two different angles, the X-ray source and the X-ray detector being supported by an arm, identify a three-dimensional running direction of a blood vessel of the object from the plurality of images, calculate a first orbit around a target position in the blood vessel in such a manner that the first orbit is within a plane orthogonal to the three-dimensional running direction and including the target position, and output control data for causing the arm to rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged along the first orbit. 17. The medical image processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
further acquire a three-dimensional image generated by imaging the object, receive designation of the target region in the three-dimensional image, calculate a second orbit around the target position in the three-dimensional image based on the target position and a running direction of the blood vessel corresponding to the target position in the three-dimensional image in such a manner that the second orbit is within a plane orthogonal to the running direction of the blood vessel and including the target position, perform positioning processing on the three-dimensional image in such a manner that the three-dimensional image positionally matches an X-ray image obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object, convert the second orbit calculated for the three-dimensional image into a third orbit for the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and output control data for causing the arm to rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged along the third orbit. | In one embodiment, an X-ray diagnostic apparatus includes an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, an arm, and processing circuitry. The arm supports the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The processing circuitry identifies a three-dimensional running direction of a blood vessel of an object from a plurality of images that are obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object from at least two different angles, and controls positions of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that a target position of the blood vessel is imaged from the at least two different directions determined depending on the three-dimensional running direction.1. an X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising:
an X-ray source; an X-ray detector; an arm configured to support the X-ray source and the X-ray detector; and processing circuitry configured to
identify a three-dimensional running direction of a blood vessel of an object from a plurality of images that are obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object from at least two different angles, and
control positions of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that a target position of the blood vessel is imaged from the at least two different directions determined depending on the three-dimensional running direction. 2. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the positions of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that the target position is imaged from the at least two different directions within a plane orthogonal to the three-dimensional running direction, the plane including the target position. 3. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
calculate an orbit around the target position of the blood vessel based on the three-dimensional running direction, and rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged along a calculated orbit. 4. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to calculate the orbit within a plane that is orthogonal to the three-dimensional running direction and includes the target position. 5. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the target position is a position where a stent configured to expand a stenosis site of the blood vessel is placed. 6. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to identify the three-dimensional running direction from a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by injecting a contrast agent into the blood vessel and imaging the blood vessel, the second image being obtained by inserting a device attached to a catheter into the blood vessel and imaging the blood vessel from a direction different from an imaging direction of the first image. 7. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
divide a predetermined range along the three-dimensional running direction into a plurality of regions, calculate respective preliminary orbits for the plurality of regions, and select the orbit from the preliminary orbits depending on designation by a user. 8. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the device is an intravascular ultrasound imaging device; and the processing circuitry is configured to
estimate the target position based on association between stenosis information obtained from an image imaged by the intravascular ultrasound imaging device and a position of the intravascular ultrasound imaging device depicted in the second image, and
calculate the orbit based on an estimated target position. 9. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the second image is an image in which at least one marker provided in at least one of a tip of the catheter and a location near the device is further depicted; and the processing circuitry is configured to estimate the target position based on a position of the at least one marker depicted in the second image and calculate the orbit based on an estimated target position. 10. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to identify the three-dimensional running direction from a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by imaging a device inserted into the blood vessel, the device being attached to a catheter, and the second image being obtained by imaging the device from a direction different from an imaging direction of the first image. 11. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to identify the three-dimensional running direction from a first image and a second image, the first image being obtained by imaging a device inserted into the blood vessel, the device being attached to a catheter, and the second image being obtained by imaging the device from a direction different from an imaging direction of the first image. 12. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
each of the first image and the second image is an image in which at least one marker provided in at least one of a tip of the catheter and a location near the device is depicted; and the processing circuitry is configured to
estimate the target position based on each position of the at least one marker depicted in the first image and the second image, and
calculate the orbit based on an estimated target position. 13. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
each of the first image and the second image is an image in which at least one marker provided in at least one of a tip of the catheter and a location near the device is depicted; and the processing circuitry is configured to
cause a display to display the first image and the second image in such a manner that designation of the target position can be received from a user in association with display of the first image and the second image, and
calculate the orbit based on the target position designated by the user. 14. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
determine whether mechanical interference occurs in a case of rotating the arm along the calculated orbit or not, determine a new orbit closest to the calculated orbit within a range where the mechanical interference does not occur, when it is determined that the mechanical interference occurs in a case of rotating the arm along the calculated orbit, and rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector by using the arm based on the new orbit. 15. An X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising:
an X-ray source; an X-ray detector; an arm configured to support the X-ray source and the X-ray detector; and processing circuitry configured to
acquire a three-dimensional image generated by imaging an object,
receive designation of a target position of a blood vessel of the object in the three-dimensional image,
calculate an original orbit around the target position based on a location of the target position and a running direction of the blood vessel corresponding to the target position in such a manner that the original orbit is within a plane orthogonal to the running direction of the blood vessel and including the target position,
perform positioning processing on the three-dimensional image in such a manner that the three-dimensional image positionally matches an X-ray image obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object,
convert the original orbit calculated for the three-dimensional image into a converted orbit for the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and
cause the arm to rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector along the converted orbit in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged. 16. A medical image processing apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to
acquire a plurality of images that are obtained by using an X-ray source and an X-ray detector for imaging an object from at least two different angles, the X-ray source and the X-ray detector being supported by an arm, identify a three-dimensional running direction of a blood vessel of the object from the plurality of images, calculate a first orbit around a target position in the blood vessel in such a manner that the first orbit is within a plane orthogonal to the three-dimensional running direction and including the target position, and output control data for causing the arm to rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged along the first orbit. 17. The medical image processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
further acquire a three-dimensional image generated by imaging the object, receive designation of the target region in the three-dimensional image, calculate a second orbit around the target position in the three-dimensional image based on the target position and a running direction of the blood vessel corresponding to the target position in the three-dimensional image in such a manner that the second orbit is within a plane orthogonal to the running direction of the blood vessel and including the target position, perform positioning processing on the three-dimensional image in such a manner that the three-dimensional image positionally matches an X-ray image obtained by using the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to image the object, convert the second orbit calculated for the three-dimensional image into a third orbit for the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and output control data for causing the arm to rotate the X-ray source and the X-ray detector in such a manner that a periphery of the target position is imaged along the third orbit. | 2,100 |
344,102 | 16,803,568 | 2,119 | A stator (1) for an electric motor, including; a plurality of pins (11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34) which are arranged on at least two concentric circles; and an interface (10, 20, 30) with at least one contact face (19, 29, 39), which is connected to two electrically conductive legs (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b, 30 a, 30 b) and is supported by the legs, wherein the legs are connected to at least one pin on different concentric circles. | 1. A stator (1) for an electrical machine (100), comprising
a plurality of pins (11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34) which are arranged on at least two concentric circles; and an interface (10, 20, 30) with at least one contact face (19, 29, 39), which is connected to two electrically conductive legs (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b, 30 a, 30 b) and is supported by the legs, wherein the legs are connected to at least one pin on different concentric circles. 2. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one leg (20 b, 30 b) has a twist (25, 35) between the pin and the contact face (29, 39). 3. The stator (1) according to claim 2, wherein the twist (25, 35) is provided both axially and radially to the stator (1). 4. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one leg (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b, 30 a, 30 b) is connected at an end remote from the interface to at least two pins. 5. The stator (1) according to claim 4, wherein the leg is bent between the twist (25, 35) and the end remote from the interface at an angle (26, 36) of from 80 to 100, in particular at right angles. 6. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the interface, at the contact face (19, 29, 39), has a recess for a contact pin or contact screw. 7. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the two legs (10 a, 20 a, 30 a, 10 b, 20 b, 30 b) are each bent substantially by 90 degrees relative to one another and the contact face (19, 29, 39) is situated inbetween. 8. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the legs do not protrude into an interior (I) or an exterior (A) of the stator (1). 9. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein a conductor (41, 43) connects selected pins (41 a, 41 b, 41 c, 43 a, 43 b, 43 c) below the interface. 10. A vehicle (103) with an electrical machine (100) with a stator (1) according to claim 1. | A stator (1) for an electric motor, including; a plurality of pins (11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34) which are arranged on at least two concentric circles; and an interface (10, 20, 30) with at least one contact face (19, 29, 39), which is connected to two electrically conductive legs (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b, 30 a, 30 b) and is supported by the legs, wherein the legs are connected to at least one pin on different concentric circles.1. A stator (1) for an electrical machine (100), comprising
a plurality of pins (11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34) which are arranged on at least two concentric circles; and an interface (10, 20, 30) with at least one contact face (19, 29, 39), which is connected to two electrically conductive legs (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b, 30 a, 30 b) and is supported by the legs, wherein the legs are connected to at least one pin on different concentric circles. 2. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one leg (20 b, 30 b) has a twist (25, 35) between the pin and the contact face (29, 39). 3. The stator (1) according to claim 2, wherein the twist (25, 35) is provided both axially and radially to the stator (1). 4. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one leg (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b, 30 a, 30 b) is connected at an end remote from the interface to at least two pins. 5. The stator (1) according to claim 4, wherein the leg is bent between the twist (25, 35) and the end remote from the interface at an angle (26, 36) of from 80 to 100, in particular at right angles. 6. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the interface, at the contact face (19, 29, 39), has a recess for a contact pin or contact screw. 7. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the two legs (10 a, 20 a, 30 a, 10 b, 20 b, 30 b) are each bent substantially by 90 degrees relative to one another and the contact face (19, 29, 39) is situated inbetween. 8. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the legs do not protrude into an interior (I) or an exterior (A) of the stator (1). 9. The stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein a conductor (41, 43) connects selected pins (41 a, 41 b, 41 c, 43 a, 43 b, 43 c) below the interface. 10. A vehicle (103) with an electrical machine (100) with a stator (1) according to claim 1. | 2,100 |
344,103 | 16,803,567 | 2,119 | An electronic hydraulic brake device includes a main braking unit configured to provide a braking fluid to a plurality of wheel cylinder units by driving of a motor; a storage unit connected to the main braking unit and configured to store the braking fluid; and an auxiliary braking unit connected to the main braking unit and the storage unit and configured to provide the braking fluid to some of the plurality of wheel cylinder units when an operation error of the main braking unit occurs, so that braking of a vehicle may be stably performed by the auxiliary braking unit even though the operation error of the main braking unit occurs. | 1. An electronic hydraulic brake device comprising:
a main braking unit configured to provide a braking fluid to a plurality of wheel cylinder units by driving of a motor; a storage unit connected to the main braking unit and configured to store the braking fluid; and an auxiliary braking unit connected to the main braking unit and the storage unit and configured to provide the braking fluid to some of the plurality of wheel cylinder units when an operation error of the main braking unit occurs. 2. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the main braking unit comprises:
a pedal cylinder unit configured to generate hydraulic pressure by pressing of a pedal; a master cylinder unit configured to detect the pedal and generate hydraulic pressure by the driving of the motor; a first main hydraulic unit connected to the master cylinder unit and configured to guide the braking fluid to some of the plurality of wheel cylinder units; a second main hydraulic unit configured to connect the master cylinder unit and the auxiliary braking unit and guide the braking fluid to the rest of the plurality of wheel cylinder units; and a third main hydraulic unit configured to connect or disconnect the first main hydraulic unit and the second main hydraulic unit. 3. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the first main hydraulic unit guides the braking fluid to the wheel cylinder units disposed on rear wheels, and
the second main hydraulic unit guides the braking fluid to the wheel cylinder units disposed on front wheels. 4. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the first main hydraulic unit and the auxiliary braking unit are connected to each other, so that movement of the braking fluid is possible. 5. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary braking unit comprises:
a first auxiliary fluid path part connected to the second main hydraulic unit and having a fluid path opened and closed by a first valve part to guide the braking fluid; a second auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the first valve part and an electric pump part to guide the braking fluid; a third auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the storage unit and the electric pump part and having a fluid path opened and closed by a third valve part to guide the braking fluid; a fourth auxiliary fluid path part connected to the second auxiliary fluid path part and having a fluid path opened and closed by a fourth valve part to guide the braking fluid; a fifth auxiliary fluid path part connected to the fourth valve part and having a fluid path opened and closed by a fifth valve part to guide the braking fluid; and a sixth auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the fifth auxiliary fluid path part and the wheel cylinder units to guide the braking fluid. 6. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 5, the auxiliary braking unit further comprises:
a seventh auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the fifth valve part and the third auxiliary fluid path part to guide the braking fluid. 7. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 6, wherein the first valve part and the fourth valve part are normally open valves and the third valve part and the fifth valve part are normally closed valves. 8. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a recovery unit configured to connect the main braking unit and the auxiliary braking unit and induce the braking fluid of the main braking unit to be detoured to the storage unit when the operation error of the main braking unit occurs. 9. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 8, wherein the recovery unit comprising:
one or more recovery fluid path parts configured to connect the main braking unit and the auxiliary braking unit; and a recovery valve part formed in the recovery fluid path part and configured to open and close a fluid path. 10. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 9, wherein the recovery valve part is a normally closed valve. | An electronic hydraulic brake device includes a main braking unit configured to provide a braking fluid to a plurality of wheel cylinder units by driving of a motor; a storage unit connected to the main braking unit and configured to store the braking fluid; and an auxiliary braking unit connected to the main braking unit and the storage unit and configured to provide the braking fluid to some of the plurality of wheel cylinder units when an operation error of the main braking unit occurs, so that braking of a vehicle may be stably performed by the auxiliary braking unit even though the operation error of the main braking unit occurs.1. An electronic hydraulic brake device comprising:
a main braking unit configured to provide a braking fluid to a plurality of wheel cylinder units by driving of a motor; a storage unit connected to the main braking unit and configured to store the braking fluid; and an auxiliary braking unit connected to the main braking unit and the storage unit and configured to provide the braking fluid to some of the plurality of wheel cylinder units when an operation error of the main braking unit occurs. 2. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the main braking unit comprises:
a pedal cylinder unit configured to generate hydraulic pressure by pressing of a pedal; a master cylinder unit configured to detect the pedal and generate hydraulic pressure by the driving of the motor; a first main hydraulic unit connected to the master cylinder unit and configured to guide the braking fluid to some of the plurality of wheel cylinder units; a second main hydraulic unit configured to connect the master cylinder unit and the auxiliary braking unit and guide the braking fluid to the rest of the plurality of wheel cylinder units; and a third main hydraulic unit configured to connect or disconnect the first main hydraulic unit and the second main hydraulic unit. 3. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the first main hydraulic unit guides the braking fluid to the wheel cylinder units disposed on rear wheels, and
the second main hydraulic unit guides the braking fluid to the wheel cylinder units disposed on front wheels. 4. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the first main hydraulic unit and the auxiliary braking unit are connected to each other, so that movement of the braking fluid is possible. 5. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary braking unit comprises:
a first auxiliary fluid path part connected to the second main hydraulic unit and having a fluid path opened and closed by a first valve part to guide the braking fluid; a second auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the first valve part and an electric pump part to guide the braking fluid; a third auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the storage unit and the electric pump part and having a fluid path opened and closed by a third valve part to guide the braking fluid; a fourth auxiliary fluid path part connected to the second auxiliary fluid path part and having a fluid path opened and closed by a fourth valve part to guide the braking fluid; a fifth auxiliary fluid path part connected to the fourth valve part and having a fluid path opened and closed by a fifth valve part to guide the braking fluid; and a sixth auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the fifth auxiliary fluid path part and the wheel cylinder units to guide the braking fluid. 6. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 5, the auxiliary braking unit further comprises:
a seventh auxiliary fluid path part configured to connect the fifth valve part and the third auxiliary fluid path part to guide the braking fluid. 7. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 6, wherein the first valve part and the fourth valve part are normally open valves and the third valve part and the fifth valve part are normally closed valves. 8. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a recovery unit configured to connect the main braking unit and the auxiliary braking unit and induce the braking fluid of the main braking unit to be detoured to the storage unit when the operation error of the main braking unit occurs. 9. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 8, wherein the recovery unit comprising:
one or more recovery fluid path parts configured to connect the main braking unit and the auxiliary braking unit; and a recovery valve part formed in the recovery fluid path part and configured to open and close a fluid path. 10. The electronic hydraulic brake device according to claim 9, wherein the recovery valve part is a normally closed valve. | 2,100 |
344,104 | 16,803,469 | 2,119 | Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for blockchain data storage. One computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node; determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. | 1. A computer-implemented method for blockchain data storage, comprising:
obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node; determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data to be stored on the blockchain includes block data to be included in a current block of the blockchain and state data for updating a world state associated with the blockchain. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the expired blockchain data is determined periodically by the blockchain with a period that equals the predetermined period of time. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined period of time is positively correlated to a total storage capacity of the one or more solid state drives. 5. A computer-implemented system for blockchain data storage, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network;
storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node;
determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and
moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. 6. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, wherein the data to be stored on the blockchain includes block data to be included in a current block of the blockchain and state data for updating a world state associated with the blockchain. 7. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, wherein the expired blockchain data is determined periodically by the blockchain with a period that equals the predetermined period of time. 8. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, wherein the predetermined period of time is positively correlated to a total storage capacity of the one or more solid state drives. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for blockchain data storage, comprising:
obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node; determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the data to be stored on the blockchain includes block data to be included in a current block of the blockchain and state data for updating a world state associated with the blockchain. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the expired blockchain data is determined periodically by the blockchain with a period that equals the predetermined period of time. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the predetermined period of time is positively correlated to a total storage capacity of the one or more solid state drives. | Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for blockchain data storage. One computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node; determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node.1. A computer-implemented method for blockchain data storage, comprising:
obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node; determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data to be stored on the blockchain includes block data to be included in a current block of the blockchain and state data for updating a world state associated with the blockchain. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the expired blockchain data is determined periodically by the blockchain with a period that equals the predetermined period of time. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined period of time is positively correlated to a total storage capacity of the one or more solid state drives. 5. A computer-implemented system for blockchain data storage, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network;
storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node;
determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and
moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. 6. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, wherein the data to be stored on the blockchain includes block data to be included in a current block of the blockchain and state data for updating a world state associated with the blockchain. 7. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, wherein the expired blockchain data is determined periodically by the blockchain with a period that equals the predetermined period of time. 8. The computer-implemented system of claim 5, wherein the predetermined period of time is positively correlated to a total storage capacity of the one or more solid state drives. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for blockchain data storage, comprising:
obtaining, by a blockchain node of a blockchain network, data to be stored on a blockchain associated with the blockchain network; storing, by the blockchain node, the data to one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node; determining, by the blockchain node, expired blockchain data of the blockchain that has been stored in the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node for over a predetermined period of time; and moving, by the blockchain node, the expired blockchain data from the one or more solid state drives of the blockchain node to one or more hard disk drives of the blockchain node. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the data to be stored on the blockchain includes block data to be included in a current block of the blockchain and state data for updating a world state associated with the blockchain. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the expired blockchain data is determined periodically by the blockchain with a period that equals the predetermined period of time. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the predetermined period of time is positively correlated to a total storage capacity of the one or more solid state drives. | 2,100 |
344,105 | 16,803,562 | 2,119 | A film-application apparatus includes a body including a first body half, a second body half, and a hinge coupling the body halves; and a squeegee blade movable from a first position relative to the body to a second position relative to the body. The second body half is rotatable about the hinge relative to the first body half to a closed position. When the second body half is in the closed position, the body includes a top ring and a bottom ring both centered on an axis and defining an axial gap therebetween. When the second body half is in the closed position and the body is enclosing a sensor having a cylindrical sensor window, the axial gap exposes the cylindrical sensor window, and moving the squeegee blade from the first position to the second position covers substantially an entire surface area of the cylindrical sensor window. | 1. A film-application apparatus comprising:
a body including a first body half, a second body half, and a hinge coupling the body halves; and a squeegee blade movable from a first position relative to the body to a second position relative to the body; wherein the second body half is rotatable about the hinge relative to the first body half to a closed position; when the second body half is in the closed position, the body includes a top ring and a bottom ring both centered on an axis and defining an axial gap therebetween; and when the second body half is in the closed position and the body is enclosing a sensor having a cylindrical sensor window, the axial gap exposes the cylindrical sensor window, and moving the squeegee blade from the first position to the second position covers substantially an entire surface area of the cylindrical sensor window. 2. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein the top ring includes a top interior cylindrical surface, the bottom ring includes a bottom interior cylindrical surface, and a radius of the top interior cylindrical surface is substantially equal to a radius of the bottom interior cylindrical surface. 3. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein each body half includes a top half-ring and a bottom half-ring, and when the second body half is in the closed position, the two top half-rings form the top ring and the two bottom half-rings form the bottom ring. 4. The film-application apparatus of claim 3, wherein each body half includes a linkage connecting the respective top half-ring and the respective bottom half-ring, and each linkage is radially outside the respective top and bottom half-rings. 5. The film-application apparatus of claim 4, wherein the hinge couples the two linkages together. 6. The film-application apparatus of claim 3, wherein each top half-ring includes a top interior half-cylindrical surface, and each bottom half-ring includes a bottom interior half-cylindrical surface. 7. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein the squeegee blade has an annular shape, the squeegee blade in the first position is at the top ring, and the squeegee blade in the second position is at the bottom ring. 8. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a circular clamp, wherein one of the top ring or the bottom ring includes an exterior circular groove sized to receive the circular clamp. 9. The film-application apparatus of claim 8, wherein the squeegee blade has an annular shape, the squeegee blade in the first position is abutting the clamp, and the squeegee blade in the second position is abutting the other of the top ring or the bottom ring. 10. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein the squeegee blade is elongated from the top ring to the bottom ring parallel to the axis. 11. The film-application apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a squeegee holder extending from the top ring to the bottom ring, wherein the squeegee blade is mounted to the squeegee holder. 12. The film-application apparatus of claim 11, wherein the squeegee blade includes a resilient member contacting the squeegee holder and biasing the squeegee blade away from the squeegee holder. 13. The film-application apparatus of claim 11, wherein the top ring includes a top track, the bottom ring includes a bottom track, and the squeegee holder includes a top peg slidable in the top track and a bottom peg slidable in the bottom track. 14. The film-application apparatus of claim 13, wherein the top ring includes a top exterior cylindrical surface, the bottom ring includes a bottom exterior cylindrical surface, the top track extends circumferentially along the top exterior cylindrical surface, and the bottom track extends circumferentially along the bottom exterior cylindrical surface. 15. The film-application apparatus of claim 13, wherein the top track includes a top entry point, the bottom track includes a bottom entry point, the top peg is removable from the top track only at the top entry point, and the bottom peg is removable from the bottom track only at the bottom entry point. 16. The film-application apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a film roller rotatably coupled to the squeegee holder. 17. The film-application apparatus of claim 16, wherein the film roller has an axis of rotation parallel to the axis. | A film-application apparatus includes a body including a first body half, a second body half, and a hinge coupling the body halves; and a squeegee blade movable from a first position relative to the body to a second position relative to the body. The second body half is rotatable about the hinge relative to the first body half to a closed position. When the second body half is in the closed position, the body includes a top ring and a bottom ring both centered on an axis and defining an axial gap therebetween. When the second body half is in the closed position and the body is enclosing a sensor having a cylindrical sensor window, the axial gap exposes the cylindrical sensor window, and moving the squeegee blade from the first position to the second position covers substantially an entire surface area of the cylindrical sensor window.1. A film-application apparatus comprising:
a body including a first body half, a second body half, and a hinge coupling the body halves; and a squeegee blade movable from a first position relative to the body to a second position relative to the body; wherein the second body half is rotatable about the hinge relative to the first body half to a closed position; when the second body half is in the closed position, the body includes a top ring and a bottom ring both centered on an axis and defining an axial gap therebetween; and when the second body half is in the closed position and the body is enclosing a sensor having a cylindrical sensor window, the axial gap exposes the cylindrical sensor window, and moving the squeegee blade from the first position to the second position covers substantially an entire surface area of the cylindrical sensor window. 2. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein the top ring includes a top interior cylindrical surface, the bottom ring includes a bottom interior cylindrical surface, and a radius of the top interior cylindrical surface is substantially equal to a radius of the bottom interior cylindrical surface. 3. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein each body half includes a top half-ring and a bottom half-ring, and when the second body half is in the closed position, the two top half-rings form the top ring and the two bottom half-rings form the bottom ring. 4. The film-application apparatus of claim 3, wherein each body half includes a linkage connecting the respective top half-ring and the respective bottom half-ring, and each linkage is radially outside the respective top and bottom half-rings. 5. The film-application apparatus of claim 4, wherein the hinge couples the two linkages together. 6. The film-application apparatus of claim 3, wherein each top half-ring includes a top interior half-cylindrical surface, and each bottom half-ring includes a bottom interior half-cylindrical surface. 7. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein the squeegee blade has an annular shape, the squeegee blade in the first position is at the top ring, and the squeegee blade in the second position is at the bottom ring. 8. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a circular clamp, wherein one of the top ring or the bottom ring includes an exterior circular groove sized to receive the circular clamp. 9. The film-application apparatus of claim 8, wherein the squeegee blade has an annular shape, the squeegee blade in the first position is abutting the clamp, and the squeegee blade in the second position is abutting the other of the top ring or the bottom ring. 10. The film-application apparatus of claim 1, wherein the squeegee blade is elongated from the top ring to the bottom ring parallel to the axis. 11. The film-application apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a squeegee holder extending from the top ring to the bottom ring, wherein the squeegee blade is mounted to the squeegee holder. 12. The film-application apparatus of claim 11, wherein the squeegee blade includes a resilient member contacting the squeegee holder and biasing the squeegee blade away from the squeegee holder. 13. The film-application apparatus of claim 11, wherein the top ring includes a top track, the bottom ring includes a bottom track, and the squeegee holder includes a top peg slidable in the top track and a bottom peg slidable in the bottom track. 14. The film-application apparatus of claim 13, wherein the top ring includes a top exterior cylindrical surface, the bottom ring includes a bottom exterior cylindrical surface, the top track extends circumferentially along the top exterior cylindrical surface, and the bottom track extends circumferentially along the bottom exterior cylindrical surface. 15. The film-application apparatus of claim 13, wherein the top track includes a top entry point, the bottom track includes a bottom entry point, the top peg is removable from the top track only at the top entry point, and the bottom peg is removable from the bottom track only at the bottom entry point. 16. The film-application apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a film roller rotatably coupled to the squeegee holder. 17. The film-application apparatus of claim 16, wherein the film roller has an axis of rotation parallel to the axis. | 2,100 |
344,106 | 16,803,520 | 2,119 | A video coder may be configured to determine to use a decoder side motion vector refinement process, including bi-lateral template matching, based on whether or not weights used for bi-predicted prediction are equal or not. In one example, decoder side motion vector refinement may be disabled when weights used for bi-predicted prediction are not equal. | 1. A method of decoding video data, the method comprising:
determining motion vectors for a current block of video data encoded using bi-predicted prediction; determining to use a motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block; and applying the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the determination to use the motion vector refinement process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are not equal, and wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block comprises:
determining to disable the motion vector refinement process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is weighted bi-prediction. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is generalized bi-prediction. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a picture level. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a block level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a difference between predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block comprises: determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors comprises:
determining to disable the motion vector refinement process in the case that the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors is less than a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors comprises:
determining the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors using a sum of absolute differences between the predicted blocks or a sum of squared error between the predicted blocks. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining the threshold based on a number of samples in the predicted blocks and a bitdepth of the samples in the predicted blocks. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are equal, and wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block comprises:
determining to enable the motion vector refinement process. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein applying the bilateral template matching on the motion vectors comprises:
determining two predicted blocks for the current block using bilateral template matching, wherein a first predicted block of the two predicted blocks is determined based on the motion vectors for the current block, wherein the motion vectors include a non-integer motion vector, and wherein determining the first predicted block comprises:
performing a horizontal interpolation based on the non-integer motion vector;
storing the output of the horizontal interpolation at a higher bitdepth than an internal bitdepth; and
using the output of the horizontal interpolation stored at the higher bitdepth to perform a vertical interpolation. 14. An apparatus configured to decode video data, the apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store a current block of video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and in communication with the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine motion vectors for a current block of video data encoded using bi-predicted prediction;
determine to use a motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block; and
apply the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the determination to use the motion vector refinement process. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are not equal, and wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine to disable the motion vector refinement process. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is weighted bi-prediction. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is generalized bi-prediction. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a picture level. 19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a block level. 20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching. 21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine a difference between predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block the one or more processors are further configured to: determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine to disable the motion vector refinement process in the case that the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors is less than a threshold. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein to determine the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors using a sum of absolute differences between the predicted blocks or a sum of squared error between the predicted blocks. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the threshold based on a number of samples in the predicted blocks and a bitdepth of the samples in the predicted blocks. 25. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are equal, and wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine to enable the motion vector refinement process. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein to apply the bilateral template matching on the motion vectors, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine two predicted blocks for the current block using bilateral template matching, wherein a first predicted block of the two predicted blocks is determined based on the motion vectors for the current block, wherein the motion vectors include a non-integer motion vector, and wherein to determine the first predicted block, the one or more processors are further configured to:
perform a horizontal interpolation based on the non-integer motion vector;
store the output of the horizontal interpolation at a higher bitdepth than an internal bitdepth; and
use the output of the horizontal interpolation stored at the higher bitdepth to perform a vertical interpolation. 27. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus is a wireless communication device. 28. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors configured to decode video data to:
determine motion vectors for a current block of video data encoded using bi-predicted prediction; determine to use a motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block; and apply the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the determination to use the motion vector refinement process. | A video coder may be configured to determine to use a decoder side motion vector refinement process, including bi-lateral template matching, based on whether or not weights used for bi-predicted prediction are equal or not. In one example, decoder side motion vector refinement may be disabled when weights used for bi-predicted prediction are not equal.1. A method of decoding video data, the method comprising:
determining motion vectors for a current block of video data encoded using bi-predicted prediction; determining to use a motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block; and applying the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the determination to use the motion vector refinement process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are not equal, and wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block comprises:
determining to disable the motion vector refinement process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is weighted bi-prediction. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is generalized bi-prediction. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a picture level. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a block level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a difference between predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block comprises: determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors comprises:
determining to disable the motion vector refinement process in the case that the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors is less than a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors comprises:
determining the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors using a sum of absolute differences between the predicted blocks or a sum of squared error between the predicted blocks. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining the threshold based on a number of samples in the predicted blocks and a bitdepth of the samples in the predicted blocks. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are equal, and wherein determining to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block comprises:
determining to enable the motion vector refinement process. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein applying the bilateral template matching on the motion vectors comprises:
determining two predicted blocks for the current block using bilateral template matching, wherein a first predicted block of the two predicted blocks is determined based on the motion vectors for the current block, wherein the motion vectors include a non-integer motion vector, and wherein determining the first predicted block comprises:
performing a horizontal interpolation based on the non-integer motion vector;
storing the output of the horizontal interpolation at a higher bitdepth than an internal bitdepth; and
using the output of the horizontal interpolation stored at the higher bitdepth to perform a vertical interpolation. 14. An apparatus configured to decode video data, the apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store a current block of video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and in communication with the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
determine motion vectors for a current block of video data encoded using bi-predicted prediction;
determine to use a motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block; and
apply the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the determination to use the motion vector refinement process. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are not equal, and wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine to disable the motion vector refinement process. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is weighted bi-prediction. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the bi-prediction prediction is generalized bi-prediction. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a picture level. 19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block at a block level. 20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching. 21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine a difference between predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block the one or more processors are further configured to: determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block and the determined difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine to disable the motion vector refinement process in the case that the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors is less than a threshold. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein to determine the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the difference between the predicted blocks identified by the motion vectors using a sum of absolute differences between the predicted blocks or a sum of squared error between the predicted blocks. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine the threshold based on a number of samples in the predicted blocks and a bitdepth of the samples in the predicted blocks. 25. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the motion vector refinement process is bilateral template matching, wherein the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block are equal, and wherein to determine to use the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine to enable the motion vector refinement process. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein to apply the bilateral template matching on the motion vectors, the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine two predicted blocks for the current block using bilateral template matching, wherein a first predicted block of the two predicted blocks is determined based on the motion vectors for the current block, wherein the motion vectors include a non-integer motion vector, and wherein to determine the first predicted block, the one or more processors are further configured to:
perform a horizontal interpolation based on the non-integer motion vector;
store the output of the horizontal interpolation at a higher bitdepth than an internal bitdepth; and
use the output of the horizontal interpolation stored at the higher bitdepth to perform a vertical interpolation. 27. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus is a wireless communication device. 28. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors configured to decode video data to:
determine motion vectors for a current block of video data encoded using bi-predicted prediction; determine to use a motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on weights used for the bi-predicted prediction of the current block; and apply the motion vector refinement process on the motion vectors based on the determination to use the motion vector refinement process. | 2,100 |
344,107 | 16,803,551 | 2,119 | A solid-state imaging device includes a solid-state imaging element and a substrate fixed to the solid-state imaging element by a sealing resin on a surface on an opposite side of a light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element, an outer edge of the substrate seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within an outer edge of the solid-state imaging element and an outer edge of the sealing resin seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element. The sealing resin includes a first sealing resin and a second sealing resin not contacting the first sealing resin to seal the components. | 1. A solid-state imaging device comprising:
a solid-state imaging element including a light receiving surface; a main substrate connected to a surface of the solid-state imaging element on an opposite side to the light receiving surface; electronic components mounted on the main substrate; and a sealing resin positioned between the solid-state imaging element and the main substrate. 2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein an outer edge of the main substrate seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within an outer edge of the solid-state imaging element; and an outer edge of the sealing resin seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element. 3. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transparent member fixed to the light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element by an adhesive, wherein an outer edge of the transparent member seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element, and an outer edge of the adhesive seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element. 4. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the main substrate has a protruding part connected to the solid-state imaging element and a base part supporting the protruding part, on which the electronic components are mounted. 5. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein wiring formed on the light receiving surface is electrically connected to wiring formed on the surface of the opposite side. 6. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein cavities as spaces for the electronic components being mounted are formed on the left and right of the main substrate when seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element. 7. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing resin is a laminated body of a first sealing resin and a second sealing resin, the first sealing resin is disposed on a solid-state imaging element side and the second sealing resin is disposed on a main substrate side, and a boundary surface between the first sealing resin and the second sealing resin inclines so that a thickness of the first sealing resin is reduced from an inside to an outside of the solid-state imaging device. 8. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing resin is a laminated body of a first sealing resin and a second sealing resin, the first sealing resin is disposed on a solid-state imaging element side and the second sealing resin is disposed on a main substrate side; and the first sealing resin does not contact the second sealing resin. 9. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the first sealing resin covers connection electrodes connecting the solid-state imaging element to the main substrate. 10. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the second sealing resin seals the components. 11. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the second sealing resin has a higher heat dissipation than that of the first sealing resin. 12. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the second sealing resin is more flexible than the first sealing resin. 13. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the first sealing resin has a barrel shape. 14. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third sealing resin connecting the electronic components to the solid-state imaging element. 15. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 5,
wherein a first cutout part with a concave shape is provided at a corner of the protruding part. 16. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 15,
wherein the sealing resin does not protrude to a side surface of the solid-state imaging device from the first cutout part. 17. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 15,
wherein a second cutout part with a concave shape is provided at a corner of the base part. 18. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 17,
wherein the electronic components are provided on the base part, the second sealing resin for sealing the electronic components is provided, and the second sealing resin does not protrude to the side surface of the solid-state imaging device from the second cutout part. 19. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 5,
wherein at least one of an angle made by an upper surface and a side surface of the protruding part and an angle made by an upper surface and a side surface of the base part is lower than 90 degrees. 20. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the solid-state imaging element includes first connection terminals for giving and receiving an electric signal on a back surface with respect to the light receiving surface, the main substrate includes second connection terminals for electrical connection to the solid-state imaging element, and first conductor patterns formed at end parts of the second connection terminals. 21. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 20,
wherein the second connection terminals have a different shape from a shape of the first conductor patterns. 22. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 20,
wherein the sealing resin wets and spreads over the first conductor patterns and does not protrude to a side surface of the solid-state imaging device. 23. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 20,
wherein the first conductive patterns are recognition marks for positioning between the main substrate and the solid-state imaging element. 24. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further including:
second conductor patterns formed at end parts of third connection terminals positioned on the main substrate on which the electronic components are mounted and a sealing resin covering the electronic components. 25. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 24,
wherein the sealing resin wets and spreads over the second conductor patterns. 26. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 24,
wherein the sealing resin wets and spreads on the second conductor patterns and does not protrude to a side surface of the solid-state imaging device. | A solid-state imaging device includes a solid-state imaging element and a substrate fixed to the solid-state imaging element by a sealing resin on a surface on an opposite side of a light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element, an outer edge of the substrate seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within an outer edge of the solid-state imaging element and an outer edge of the sealing resin seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element. The sealing resin includes a first sealing resin and a second sealing resin not contacting the first sealing resin to seal the components.1. A solid-state imaging device comprising:
a solid-state imaging element including a light receiving surface; a main substrate connected to a surface of the solid-state imaging element on an opposite side to the light receiving surface; electronic components mounted on the main substrate; and a sealing resin positioned between the solid-state imaging element and the main substrate. 2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein an outer edge of the main substrate seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within an outer edge of the solid-state imaging element; and an outer edge of the sealing resin seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element. 3. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transparent member fixed to the light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging element by an adhesive, wherein an outer edge of the transparent member seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element, and an outer edge of the adhesive seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element is positioned within the outer edge of the solid-state imaging element. 4. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the main substrate has a protruding part connected to the solid-state imaging element and a base part supporting the protruding part, on which the electronic components are mounted. 5. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein wiring formed on the light receiving surface is electrically connected to wiring formed on the surface of the opposite side. 6. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein cavities as spaces for the electronic components being mounted are formed on the left and right of the main substrate when seen from the light receiving surface side of the solid-state imaging element. 7. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing resin is a laminated body of a first sealing resin and a second sealing resin, the first sealing resin is disposed on a solid-state imaging element side and the second sealing resin is disposed on a main substrate side, and a boundary surface between the first sealing resin and the second sealing resin inclines so that a thickness of the first sealing resin is reduced from an inside to an outside of the solid-state imaging device. 8. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing resin is a laminated body of a first sealing resin and a second sealing resin, the first sealing resin is disposed on a solid-state imaging element side and the second sealing resin is disposed on a main substrate side; and the first sealing resin does not contact the second sealing resin. 9. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the first sealing resin covers connection electrodes connecting the solid-state imaging element to the main substrate. 10. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the second sealing resin seals the components. 11. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the second sealing resin has a higher heat dissipation than that of the first sealing resin. 12. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the second sealing resin is more flexible than the first sealing resin. 13. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 7,
wherein the first sealing resin has a barrel shape. 14. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third sealing resin connecting the electronic components to the solid-state imaging element. 15. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 5,
wherein a first cutout part with a concave shape is provided at a corner of the protruding part. 16. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 15,
wherein the sealing resin does not protrude to a side surface of the solid-state imaging device from the first cutout part. 17. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 15,
wherein a second cutout part with a concave shape is provided at a corner of the base part. 18. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 17,
wherein the electronic components are provided on the base part, the second sealing resin for sealing the electronic components is provided, and the second sealing resin does not protrude to the side surface of the solid-state imaging device from the second cutout part. 19. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 5,
wherein at least one of an angle made by an upper surface and a side surface of the protruding part and an angle made by an upper surface and a side surface of the base part is lower than 90 degrees. 20. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the solid-state imaging element includes first connection terminals for giving and receiving an electric signal on a back surface with respect to the light receiving surface, the main substrate includes second connection terminals for electrical connection to the solid-state imaging element, and first conductor patterns formed at end parts of the second connection terminals. 21. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 20,
wherein the second connection terminals have a different shape from a shape of the first conductor patterns. 22. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 20,
wherein the sealing resin wets and spreads over the first conductor patterns and does not protrude to a side surface of the solid-state imaging device. 23. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 20,
wherein the first conductive patterns are recognition marks for positioning between the main substrate and the solid-state imaging element. 24. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further including:
second conductor patterns formed at end parts of third connection terminals positioned on the main substrate on which the electronic components are mounted and a sealing resin covering the electronic components. 25. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 24,
wherein the sealing resin wets and spreads over the second conductor patterns. 26. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 24,
wherein the sealing resin wets and spreads on the second conductor patterns and does not protrude to a side surface of the solid-state imaging device. | 2,100 |
344,108 | 16,803,547 | 2,119 | The invention provides a facile process for preparing various Group VI precursor compounds useful in the vapor deposition of such Group VI metals onto solid substrates, especially microelectronic semiconductor device substrates. The process provides an effective means to obtain such volatile materials, which can then be sources of molybdenum, chromium, or tungsten-containing materials to be deposited on such substrates. Additionally, the invention provides a method for vapor deposition of such compounds onto microelectronic device substrates. | 1. A process for forming a material on a substrate, comprising contacting the substrate with a compound of the Formula (I) 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl ligand further comprises at least one oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atom. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are chosen independently and comprise monodentate ligands or are taken together to form bidentate ligands and are chosen from diamines, triamines and glycols. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are chosen independently and comprise monodentate ligands or are taken together to form bidentate ligands and are chosen from t-butyl nitrile, toluene, tetrahyrofuran, and acetonitrile, and such groups optionally substituted by one or more groups chosen from halo, cyano, nitro, C1-C6 alky, C1-C6 alkoxy, tetrahydrofuran, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, and phenyl; 1,2-dimethoxyethane; 1,2-diethoxyethane; 1,2-dimethoxypropane; N,N-dimethylacetamide; N,N-dimethylformamide; N,N-dimethylcyanoacetamide; N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, hexaethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, and diethylenetriamine; dimethylsulfoxide; and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are taken together to form a bidentate ligand chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein M is molybdenum and L1 and L2 are 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, or acetonitrile. 7. A compound of Formula (I) 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl ligand further comprises at least one oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atom. 9. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound of Formula (I) possesses less than about 3 weight percent impurities. 10. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is in crystalline form. 11. The compound of claim 7, wherein L1 and L2 are acetonitrile. 12. The compound of claim 7, wherein M is molybdenum. 13. The compound of claim 7, wherein M is tungsten. 14. A compound of claim 10, having the formula MoO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form, and having less than 1% impurities by weight 15. A compound of claim 10 having the formula WO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form, and having less than 1% impurities by weight. 16. A compound of claim 10 having the formula MoO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form and having the x-ray crystallographic structure as shown in FIG. 1. 17. A compound of claim 10 having the formula WO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form and having the x-ray crystallographic structure as shown in FIG. 2. 18. A compound of claim 10 having the formula MoO2Cl2(tetrahydrofuran)2 in crystalline form, and having less than 1% impurities by weight. 19. A process for preparing compounds of the Formula (I) 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the water-immiscible solvent is chosen from dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, toluene, benzene, and pentane. | The invention provides a facile process for preparing various Group VI precursor compounds useful in the vapor deposition of such Group VI metals onto solid substrates, especially microelectronic semiconductor device substrates. The process provides an effective means to obtain such volatile materials, which can then be sources of molybdenum, chromium, or tungsten-containing materials to be deposited on such substrates. Additionally, the invention provides a method for vapor deposition of such compounds onto microelectronic device substrates.1. A process for forming a material on a substrate, comprising contacting the substrate with a compound of the Formula (I) 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl ligand further comprises at least one oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atom. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are chosen independently and comprise monodentate ligands or are taken together to form bidentate ligands and are chosen from diamines, triamines and glycols. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are chosen independently and comprise monodentate ligands or are taken together to form bidentate ligands and are chosen from t-butyl nitrile, toluene, tetrahyrofuran, and acetonitrile, and such groups optionally substituted by one or more groups chosen from halo, cyano, nitro, C1-C6 alky, C1-C6 alkoxy, tetrahydrofuran, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, and phenyl; 1,2-dimethoxyethane; 1,2-diethoxyethane; 1,2-dimethoxypropane; N,N-dimethylacetamide; N,N-dimethylformamide; N,N-dimethylcyanoacetamide; N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, hexaethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, and diethylenetriamine; dimethylsulfoxide; and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are taken together to form a bidentate ligand chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein M is molybdenum and L1 and L2 are 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, or acetonitrile. 7. A compound of Formula (I) 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbyl ligand further comprises at least one oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atom. 9. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound of Formula (I) possesses less than about 3 weight percent impurities. 10. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is in crystalline form. 11. The compound of claim 7, wherein L1 and L2 are acetonitrile. 12. The compound of claim 7, wherein M is molybdenum. 13. The compound of claim 7, wherein M is tungsten. 14. A compound of claim 10, having the formula MoO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form, and having less than 1% impurities by weight 15. A compound of claim 10 having the formula WO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form, and having less than 1% impurities by weight. 16. A compound of claim 10 having the formula MoO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form and having the x-ray crystallographic structure as shown in FIG. 1. 17. A compound of claim 10 having the formula WO2Cl2(CH3CN)2 in crystalline form and having the x-ray crystallographic structure as shown in FIG. 2. 18. A compound of claim 10 having the formula MoO2Cl2(tetrahydrofuran)2 in crystalline form, and having less than 1% impurities by weight. 19. A process for preparing compounds of the Formula (I) 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the water-immiscible solvent is chosen from dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, toluene, benzene, and pentane. | 2,100 |
344,109 | 16,803,556 | 2,119 | A system and method for extracting uncoupled information from a user interface output that includes collecting image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source; and exposing the result to the extracted interface representation. | 1. A method for establishing uncoupled information extraction from a user interface output comprising:
collecting image data; setting extraction configuration of a device interface source identified in the image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source into an extracted interface representation according to the extraction configuration; and exposing at least one interface to the extracted interface representation. | A system and method for extracting uncoupled information from a user interface output that includes collecting image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source; and exposing the result to the extracted interface representation.1. A method for establishing uncoupled information extraction from a user interface output comprising:
collecting image data; setting extraction configuration of a device interface source identified in the image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source into an extracted interface representation according to the extraction configuration; and exposing at least one interface to the extracted interface representation. | 2,100 |
344,110 | 16,803,554 | 2,119 | An impact resistant roofing shingle comprising an upper shingle layer; a lower shingle layer laminated to said upper shingle layer underneath said tab portion of said upper shingle layer; wherein each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer comprise a mat, an upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the mat, a lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the mat, a granular coating applied to the upper asphalt coating layer opposite the mat, and a fabric reinforcing layer applied to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the mat. In one embodiment, the roofing shingle may also include the fabric reinforcing layer covering the entire area of each mat. The roofing shingle may have a recessed area of the exposed side of the overlay layer that aligns with the overlap of the overlay and underlay layers. | 1. An impact resistant roofing shingle comprising:
an upper shingle layer having a tab portion and a headlap portion; a lower shingle layer laminated to said upper shingle layer underneath said tab portion of said upper shingle layer; each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer comprise a mat, an upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the mat, a lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the mat, a granular coating applied to the upper asphalt coating layer opposite the mat, and a fabric reinforcing layer applied to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the mat. 2. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer of each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer covers an entirety of an area of the unexposed side of the mat of each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer. 3. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, further comprising a nail line visible on a visible surface of the exposed side of the roofing shingle, wherein said nail line is disposed a first distance from a bottom of the roofing shingle, and wherein a top edge of said lower shingle layer is a second distance from the bottom of the roofing shingle, and said first distance is greater than said second distance. 4. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. 5. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a thickness between about 8 and 24 mils. 6. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a weight between 55 and 95 grams per square meter. 7. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer comprises a plurality of material strands that are purposely randomly arranged and then are point bonded to fuse the material strands together at a plurality of locations. 8. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, further comprising a recessed area of the exposed side of the upper shingle layer, wherein the recessed area is disposed along a width of the roofing shingle such that the recessed area aligns with an overlap of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer when a plurality of the roofing shingle are stacked on top of each other in a bundle for transport and/or storage. 9. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered to the shingle by the lower asphalt coating layer. 10. An impact resistant roofing shingle comprising:
an upper shingle layer having a tab portion and a headlap portion, wherein the upper shingle layer comprises a first mat, a first upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the first mat, a first lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the first mat, a first granular coating applied to the first upper asphalt coating layer opposite the first mat, and a first fabric reinforcing layer adhered to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the first mat, wherein the first fabric reinforcing layer covers an entirety of an area of the unexposed side of the first mat; a lower shingle layer laminated to said upper shingle layer underneath said tab portion of said upper shingle layer, wherein the lower shingle layer comprises a second mat, a second upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the second mat, a second lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the second mat, a second granular coating applied to the second upper asphalt coating layer opposite the second mat, and a second fabric reinforcing layer adhered to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the second mat, wherein the second fabric reinforcing layer covers an entirety of an area of the unexposed side of the second mat; and wherein the upper shingle layer has a first width defined between a bottom of the roofing shingle and a top of the roofing shingle, and the lower shingle layer has a second width defined between the bottom of the roofing shingle and a top edge of the lower shingle layer, wherein the second width is less than the first width of the overlay layer. 11. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, further comprising a nail line visible on a visible surface of the exposed side of the upper shingle layer, wherein said nail line is located a first distance from a bottom of the roofing shingle, and the lower shingle layer having a top edge, wherein the top edge of said lower shingle layer is a second distance from the bottom of the roofing shingle, and said first distance is greater than said second distance. 12. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered to the shingle by the lower asphalt coating layer. 13. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, further comprising a recessed area of the exposed side of the upper shingle layer, wherein the recessed area is disposed along a width of the roofing shingle such that the recessed area aligns with an overlap of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer when a plurality of the roofing shingle are stacked on top of each other in a bundle for transport and/or storage. 14. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a thickness between about 8 and 24 mils. 15. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a weight between 55 and 95 grams per square meter. | An impact resistant roofing shingle comprising an upper shingle layer; a lower shingle layer laminated to said upper shingle layer underneath said tab portion of said upper shingle layer; wherein each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer comprise a mat, an upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the mat, a lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the mat, a granular coating applied to the upper asphalt coating layer opposite the mat, and a fabric reinforcing layer applied to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the mat. In one embodiment, the roofing shingle may also include the fabric reinforcing layer covering the entire area of each mat. The roofing shingle may have a recessed area of the exposed side of the overlay layer that aligns with the overlap of the overlay and underlay layers.1. An impact resistant roofing shingle comprising:
an upper shingle layer having a tab portion and a headlap portion; a lower shingle layer laminated to said upper shingle layer underneath said tab portion of said upper shingle layer; each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer comprise a mat, an upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the mat, a lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the mat, a granular coating applied to the upper asphalt coating layer opposite the mat, and a fabric reinforcing layer applied to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the mat. 2. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer of each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer covers an entirety of an area of the unexposed side of the mat of each of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer. 3. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, further comprising a nail line visible on a visible surface of the exposed side of the roofing shingle, wherein said nail line is disposed a first distance from a bottom of the roofing shingle, and wherein a top edge of said lower shingle layer is a second distance from the bottom of the roofing shingle, and said first distance is greater than said second distance. 4. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. 5. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a thickness between about 8 and 24 mils. 6. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a weight between 55 and 95 grams per square meter. 7. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer comprises a plurality of material strands that are purposely randomly arranged and then are point bonded to fuse the material strands together at a plurality of locations. 8. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, further comprising a recessed area of the exposed side of the upper shingle layer, wherein the recessed area is disposed along a width of the roofing shingle such that the recessed area aligns with an overlap of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer when a plurality of the roofing shingle are stacked on top of each other in a bundle for transport and/or storage. 9. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 1, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered to the shingle by the lower asphalt coating layer. 10. An impact resistant roofing shingle comprising:
an upper shingle layer having a tab portion and a headlap portion, wherein the upper shingle layer comprises a first mat, a first upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the first mat, a first lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the first mat, a first granular coating applied to the first upper asphalt coating layer opposite the first mat, and a first fabric reinforcing layer adhered to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the first mat, wherein the first fabric reinforcing layer covers an entirety of an area of the unexposed side of the first mat; a lower shingle layer laminated to said upper shingle layer underneath said tab portion of said upper shingle layer, wherein the lower shingle layer comprises a second mat, a second upper asphalt coating layer applied to an exposed side of the second mat, a second lower asphalt coating layer applied to an unexposed side of the second mat, a second granular coating applied to the second upper asphalt coating layer opposite the second mat, and a second fabric reinforcing layer adhered to the lower asphalt coating layer opposite the second mat, wherein the second fabric reinforcing layer covers an entirety of an area of the unexposed side of the second mat; and wherein the upper shingle layer has a first width defined between a bottom of the roofing shingle and a top of the roofing shingle, and the lower shingle layer has a second width defined between the bottom of the roofing shingle and a top edge of the lower shingle layer, wherein the second width is less than the first width of the overlay layer. 11. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, further comprising a nail line visible on a visible surface of the exposed side of the upper shingle layer, wherein said nail line is located a first distance from a bottom of the roofing shingle, and the lower shingle layer having a top edge, wherein the top edge of said lower shingle layer is a second distance from the bottom of the roofing shingle, and said first distance is greater than said second distance. 12. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered to the shingle by the lower asphalt coating layer. 13. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, further comprising a recessed area of the exposed side of the upper shingle layer, wherein the recessed area is disposed along a width of the roofing shingle such that the recessed area aligns with an overlap of the upper shingle layer and the lower shingle layer when a plurality of the roofing shingle are stacked on top of each other in a bundle for transport and/or storage. 14. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a thickness between about 8 and 24 mils. 15. The impact resistant roofing shingle of claim 10, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer has a weight between 55 and 95 grams per square meter. | 2,100 |
344,111 | 16,803,557 | 2,119 | A ball bat includes an outer shell and an insert positioned in a ball striking area of the outer shell. The insert may include a tube element and one or more spacer elements positioned to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element. In some embodiments, the insert or the gap may extend along only the length of the ball striking area. The outer shell may provide some compliance during a hit to create a trampoline effect, while the insert may provide a backstop to limit radial deflection of the outer shell. | 1. A ball bat, comprising:
an outer shell comprising a barrel segment that includes at least part of a barrel portion of the outer shell, a handle segment that includes at least part of a handle portion of the outer shell, and a tapered section between the barrel portion and the handle portion, wherein the handle segment is separate from, but attached to, the barrel segment, and wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell; and an insert comprising a tube element extending along a longitudinal axis of the bat between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a first spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert and a second spacer element positioned toward the second end of the insert; wherein: the first end of the insert is positioned in the distal end of the outer shell and the second end of the insert is positioned in the tapered section of the outer shell; the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the first and second spacer elements to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell; and the insert is spaced apart from the handle segment along the longitudinal axis of the bat. 2. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the gap extends between the first and second spacer elements. 3. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional spacer elements positioned on the tube element between the first and second spacer elements. 4. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first spacer element or the second spacer element is integral with the tube element. 5. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the barrel portion and the tube element comprise one or more layers of composite laminate material. 6. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising one or more locking elements positioned on an inner diameter of the outer shell and positioned to impede removal of the insert from the outer shell. 7. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the barrel portion of the outer shell comprises an elastomeric composite material including an elastomeric matrix material reinforced with reinforcing fibers. 8. (canceled) 9. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising a connecting element that attaches the handle segment to the barrel segment. 10. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising a sleeve element positioned on the tube element in the gap, wherein the sleeve element is positioned at a center of percussion of the ball bat. 11. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the barrel portion comprises a first compression value and the tube element comprises a second compression value that is higher than the first compression value. 12. A ball bat comprising:
an outer shell comprising a barrel portion formed with one or more layers of composite laminate material, a handle portion, and a tapered section joining the barrel portion to the handle portion, wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell; and an insert comprising a tube element extending between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert, wherein the spacer element is integral with the tube element; wherein the first end of the insert is positioned in the distal end of the outer shell, and the second end of the insert is positioned in the tapered section of the outer shell; and wherein the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the spacer element and the second end of the insert to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell. 13. (canceled) 14. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein both the tube element and the spacer element comprise composite laminate material. 15. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the barrel portion of the outer shell comprises an elastomeric composite material including an elastomeric matrix material reinforced with reinforcing fibers. 16. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the outer shell comprises a handle segment that is separate from, but attached to, a barrel segment, wherein the handle segment includes at least part of the handle portion and the barrel segment includes at least part of the barrel portion. 17. The ball bat of claim 12, further comprising a sleeve element positioned on the tube element in the gap. 18. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the barrel portion comprises a first compression value and the tube element comprises a second compression value that is higher than the first compression value. 19. A ball bat, comprising:
an outer shell comprising a barrel portion, a handle portion, and a tapered section joining the barrel portion to the handle portion, wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell, and wherein the barrel portion comprises an elastomeric composite material including an elastomeric matrix reinforced with reinforcing fibers; and an insert comprising a tube element extending between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a first spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert and a second spacer element positioned toward the second end of the insert; wherein the first spacer element is positioned inside the outer shell toward the distal end of the outer shell and the second spacer element is positioned inside the outer shell toward the proximal end proximal end of the outer shell, wherein at least one of the first spacer element or the second spacer element is attached to the outer shell; and wherein the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the first and second spacer elements to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell. 20. The ball bat of claim 19, further comprising a sleeve element positioned on the tube element in the gap. 21. The ball bat of claim 9, wherein the insert is spaced apart from the connecting element along the longitudinal axis of the bat. 22. A ball bat, comprising:
a single-piece outer shell comprising a barrel portion formed with one or more layers of composite laminate material, a handle portion, and a tapered section joining the barrel portion to the handle portion, wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell; and an insert comprising a tube element extending between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a first spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert and a second spacer element positioned toward the second end of the insert; wherein the first end of the insert is positioned in the distal end of the outer shell and the second end of the insert is positioned in the tapered section of the outer shell; and wherein the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the first and second spacer elements to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell. 23. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the outer shell comprises:
a barrel segment that extends along a longitudinal axis of the bat and includes at least part of the barrel portion; and a handle segment that extends along the longitudinal axis of the bat and includes at least part of the handle portion; wherein: the handle segment is separate from, but attached to, the barrel segment; and the insert is spaced apart from the handle segment along the longitudinal axis of the bat. | A ball bat includes an outer shell and an insert positioned in a ball striking area of the outer shell. The insert may include a tube element and one or more spacer elements positioned to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element. In some embodiments, the insert or the gap may extend along only the length of the ball striking area. The outer shell may provide some compliance during a hit to create a trampoline effect, while the insert may provide a backstop to limit radial deflection of the outer shell.1. A ball bat, comprising:
an outer shell comprising a barrel segment that includes at least part of a barrel portion of the outer shell, a handle segment that includes at least part of a handle portion of the outer shell, and a tapered section between the barrel portion and the handle portion, wherein the handle segment is separate from, but attached to, the barrel segment, and wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell; and an insert comprising a tube element extending along a longitudinal axis of the bat between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a first spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert and a second spacer element positioned toward the second end of the insert; wherein: the first end of the insert is positioned in the distal end of the outer shell and the second end of the insert is positioned in the tapered section of the outer shell; the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the first and second spacer elements to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell; and the insert is spaced apart from the handle segment along the longitudinal axis of the bat. 2. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the gap extends between the first and second spacer elements. 3. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional spacer elements positioned on the tube element between the first and second spacer elements. 4. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first spacer element or the second spacer element is integral with the tube element. 5. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the barrel portion and the tube element comprise one or more layers of composite laminate material. 6. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising one or more locking elements positioned on an inner diameter of the outer shell and positioned to impede removal of the insert from the outer shell. 7. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the barrel portion of the outer shell comprises an elastomeric composite material including an elastomeric matrix material reinforced with reinforcing fibers. 8. (canceled) 9. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising a connecting element that attaches the handle segment to the barrel segment. 10. The ball bat of claim 1, further comprising a sleeve element positioned on the tube element in the gap, wherein the sleeve element is positioned at a center of percussion of the ball bat. 11. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the barrel portion comprises a first compression value and the tube element comprises a second compression value that is higher than the first compression value. 12. A ball bat comprising:
an outer shell comprising a barrel portion formed with one or more layers of composite laminate material, a handle portion, and a tapered section joining the barrel portion to the handle portion, wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell; and an insert comprising a tube element extending between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert, wherein the spacer element is integral with the tube element; wherein the first end of the insert is positioned in the distal end of the outer shell, and the second end of the insert is positioned in the tapered section of the outer shell; and wherein the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the spacer element and the second end of the insert to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell. 13. (canceled) 14. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein both the tube element and the spacer element comprise composite laminate material. 15. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the barrel portion of the outer shell comprises an elastomeric composite material including an elastomeric matrix material reinforced with reinforcing fibers. 16. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the outer shell comprises a handle segment that is separate from, but attached to, a barrel segment, wherein the handle segment includes at least part of the handle portion and the barrel segment includes at least part of the barrel portion. 17. The ball bat of claim 12, further comprising a sleeve element positioned on the tube element in the gap. 18. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the barrel portion comprises a first compression value and the tube element comprises a second compression value that is higher than the first compression value. 19. A ball bat, comprising:
an outer shell comprising a barrel portion, a handle portion, and a tapered section joining the barrel portion to the handle portion, wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell, and wherein the barrel portion comprises an elastomeric composite material including an elastomeric matrix reinforced with reinforcing fibers; and an insert comprising a tube element extending between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a first spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert and a second spacer element positioned toward the second end of the insert; wherein the first spacer element is positioned inside the outer shell toward the distal end of the outer shell and the second spacer element is positioned inside the outer shell toward the proximal end proximal end of the outer shell, wherein at least one of the first spacer element or the second spacer element is attached to the outer shell; and wherein the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the first and second spacer elements to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell. 20. The ball bat of claim 19, further comprising a sleeve element positioned on the tube element in the gap. 21. The ball bat of claim 9, wherein the insert is spaced apart from the connecting element along the longitudinal axis of the bat. 22. A ball bat, comprising:
a single-piece outer shell comprising a barrel portion formed with one or more layers of composite laminate material, a handle portion, and a tapered section joining the barrel portion to the handle portion, wherein the barrel portion includes a distal end of the outer shell and the handle portion includes a proximal end of the outer shell; and an insert comprising a tube element extending between a first end of the insert and a second end of the insert, the insert further comprising a first spacer element positioned toward the first end of the insert and a second spacer element positioned toward the second end of the insert; wherein the first end of the insert is positioned in the distal end of the outer shell and the second end of the insert is positioned in the tapered section of the outer shell; and wherein the tube element is spaced apart from the outer shell along at least a portion of a length of the tube element between the first and second spacer elements to form a gap between the tube element and the outer shell. 23. The ball bat of claim 12, wherein the outer shell comprises:
a barrel segment that extends along a longitudinal axis of the bat and includes at least part of the barrel portion; and a handle segment that extends along the longitudinal axis of the bat and includes at least part of the handle portion; wherein: the handle segment is separate from, but attached to, the barrel segment; and the insert is spaced apart from the handle segment along the longitudinal axis of the bat. | 2,100 |
344,112 | 16,803,580 | 2,119 | A driving apparatus includes a movable portion, a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion, and a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion. At least part of the outer surface of the movable portion is a spherical surface. The fixed portion includes a plurality of vibrators configured to press and contact the spherical surface of the movable portion and to rotate the movable portion, and a pressure receiver configured to hold pressure contact states of the plurality of vibrators against the movable portion. The movable portion is held by the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver, and a spherical center of the spherical surface of the movable portion is located between a plane passing through the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver. | 1. A driving apparatus comprising:
a movable portion; a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion; and a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion, wherein at least part of the outer surface of the movable portion is a spherical surface, wherein the fixed portion includes:
a plurality of vibrators configured to press and contact the spherical surface of the movable portion and to rotate the movable portion; and
a pressure receiver configured to hold pressure contact states of the plurality of vibrators against the movable portion,
wherein the movable portion is held by the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver, and wherein a spherical center of the spherical surface of the movable portion is located between a plane passing through the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver. 2. The driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a virtual straight line connecting a center of a circle passing through each of the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver forms a predetermined angle relative to a normal to a bottom surface of the fixed portion. 3. The driving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the movable portion includes a lens unit and an imaging unit, and
wherein an intersection between the virtual straight line and the spherical surface is located outside a range of an angle of view of the lens unit when an optical axis of the lens unit is orthogonal to the bottom surface of the fixed portion. 4. The driving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the virtual straight line passes through the spherical center of the spherical surface. 5. A driving apparatus comprising:
a movable portion; a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion; and a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion, wherein at least part of the outer surface of the movable portion is a spherical surface, wherein the fixed portion includes:
a plurality of vibrators configured to press and contact the spherical surface of the movable portion and to rotate the movable portion; and
a plurality of pressure receivers configured to hold pressure contact states of the plurality of vibrators against the movable portion,
wherein the movable portion is held by the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver, and wherein a spherical center of the spherical surface of the movable portion is located between a plane passing through the plurality of vibrators and a plane passing through the plurality of pressure receivers. 6. The driving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a virtual straight line connecting a center of a circle passing through each of the plurality of vibrators and the spherical center of the spherical surface passes inside of a circle passing through each of the plurality of pressure receivers. 7. The driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a spherical surface which the vibrator contacts and a spherical surface which the pressure receiver contacts are different from each other. 8. The driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of vibrators includes an electromechanical energy conversion element, and
wherein the movable portion is rotated around an arbitrary axis as a center passing through a spherical center of the spherical surface by a resultant force obtained by applying a voltage to the electromechanical energy conversion element included in each of the plurality of vibrators. 9. A driving apparatus comprising:
a movable portion; a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion; a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion; and a position detector including an image sensor, and configured to detect a position of the movable portion, wherein the image sensor acquires different luminance information depending on the position of the movable portion based on surface information of the movable portion. 10. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the surface information includes information on a reflectance of a surface of the movable portion. 11. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the controller changes a driving condition of the movable portion according to the luminance information acquired by the image sensor. 12. The driving apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller changes a maximum driving speed of the movable portion according to the luminance information. 13. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein at least part of an outer surface of the movable portion is spherical. 14. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the movable portion includes an outer part, a first inner part and a second inner part provided inside the outer part,
wherein the first inner part has a first reflectance, and the second inner part has a second reflectance higher than the first reflectance, and wherein the image sensor obtains a first luminance value as the luminance information by imaging the first inner part, and obtains a second luminance value as the luminance information by imaging the second inner part. 15. The driving apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a boundary between the first inner part and the second inner part has a third reflectance that varies between the first reflectance and the second reflectance. 16. The driving apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the image sensor acquires the first luminance value corresponding to the first inner part when at least part of the driving apparatus is captured in an imaging unit of the movable portion. 17. The driving apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the controller sets a maximum drive speed of the movable portion to 0 when the image sensor acquires the first luminance value. | A driving apparatus includes a movable portion, a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion, and a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion. At least part of the outer surface of the movable portion is a spherical surface. The fixed portion includes a plurality of vibrators configured to press and contact the spherical surface of the movable portion and to rotate the movable portion, and a pressure receiver configured to hold pressure contact states of the plurality of vibrators against the movable portion. The movable portion is held by the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver, and a spherical center of the spherical surface of the movable portion is located between a plane passing through the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver.1. A driving apparatus comprising:
a movable portion; a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion; and a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion, wherein at least part of the outer surface of the movable portion is a spherical surface, wherein the fixed portion includes:
a plurality of vibrators configured to press and contact the spherical surface of the movable portion and to rotate the movable portion; and
a pressure receiver configured to hold pressure contact states of the plurality of vibrators against the movable portion,
wherein the movable portion is held by the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver, and wherein a spherical center of the spherical surface of the movable portion is located between a plane passing through the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver. 2. The driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a virtual straight line connecting a center of a circle passing through each of the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver forms a predetermined angle relative to a normal to a bottom surface of the fixed portion. 3. The driving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the movable portion includes a lens unit and an imaging unit, and
wherein an intersection between the virtual straight line and the spherical surface is located outside a range of an angle of view of the lens unit when an optical axis of the lens unit is orthogonal to the bottom surface of the fixed portion. 4. The driving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the virtual straight line passes through the spherical center of the spherical surface. 5. A driving apparatus comprising:
a movable portion; a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion; and a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion, wherein at least part of the outer surface of the movable portion is a spherical surface, wherein the fixed portion includes:
a plurality of vibrators configured to press and contact the spherical surface of the movable portion and to rotate the movable portion; and
a plurality of pressure receivers configured to hold pressure contact states of the plurality of vibrators against the movable portion,
wherein the movable portion is held by the plurality of vibrators and the pressure receiver, and wherein a spherical center of the spherical surface of the movable portion is located between a plane passing through the plurality of vibrators and a plane passing through the plurality of pressure receivers. 6. The driving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a virtual straight line connecting a center of a circle passing through each of the plurality of vibrators and the spherical center of the spherical surface passes inside of a circle passing through each of the plurality of pressure receivers. 7. The driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a spherical surface which the vibrator contacts and a spherical surface which the pressure receiver contacts are different from each other. 8. The driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of vibrators includes an electromechanical energy conversion element, and
wherein the movable portion is rotated around an arbitrary axis as a center passing through a spherical center of the spherical surface by a resultant force obtained by applying a voltage to the electromechanical energy conversion element included in each of the plurality of vibrators. 9. A driving apparatus comprising:
a movable portion; a fixed portion configured to hold the movable portion; a controller configured to control a position of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion; and a position detector including an image sensor, and configured to detect a position of the movable portion, wherein the image sensor acquires different luminance information depending on the position of the movable portion based on surface information of the movable portion. 10. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the surface information includes information on a reflectance of a surface of the movable portion. 11. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the controller changes a driving condition of the movable portion according to the luminance information acquired by the image sensor. 12. The driving apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller changes a maximum driving speed of the movable portion according to the luminance information. 13. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein at least part of an outer surface of the movable portion is spherical. 14. The driving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the movable portion includes an outer part, a first inner part and a second inner part provided inside the outer part,
wherein the first inner part has a first reflectance, and the second inner part has a second reflectance higher than the first reflectance, and wherein the image sensor obtains a first luminance value as the luminance information by imaging the first inner part, and obtains a second luminance value as the luminance information by imaging the second inner part. 15. The driving apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a boundary between the first inner part and the second inner part has a third reflectance that varies between the first reflectance and the second reflectance. 16. The driving apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the image sensor acquires the first luminance value corresponding to the first inner part when at least part of the driving apparatus is captured in an imaging unit of the movable portion. 17. The driving apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the controller sets a maximum drive speed of the movable portion to 0 when the image sensor acquires the first luminance value. | 2,100 |
344,113 | 16,803,597 | 2,119 | A home appliance and a control method for the home appliance, which is operable in an IoT environment through a 5G communication network and uses a neural network model generated according to machine learning is provided. The home appliance may include a home appliance main body; a container mounted within the home appliance main body to accommodate a treatment target; a camera arranged to photograph the inside of the container; and one or more processors configured to control an operation of the home appliance, wherein the processor is configured to determine an amount of a treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in an image of the inside of the container photographed by the camera. | 1. A home appliance, comprising:
a main body; a container mounted within the main body to accommodate a treatment target in an interior of the container; a camera arranged to photograph the interior of the container; and one or more processors configured to control an operation of the home appliance, wherein a first processor of the one or more processors is configured to perform an operation to determine an amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in an image of the interior of the container photographed by the camera. 2. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the feature shapes comprise a plurality of shapes having a first form, and
wherein the operation to determine the amount of the treatment target based on the feature shapes of the container is based on a number of feature shapes of the first form identified in the image of the interior of the container. 3. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a lighting disposed to illuminate the interior of the container; and a door configured to open and close a treatment target inlet of the container, wherein the camera is disposed in the door. 4. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the operation of determining the amount of the treatment target based on the feature shapes inside the container comprises operations of:
extracting the feature shapes from the image of the interior of the container before the treatment target is put into the container; correlating the amount of the treatment target with blocked feature shapes or visible feature shapes; and determining the amount of the treatment target based on the blocked feature shapes or the visible feature shapes in the image of the interior of the container after the treatment target is put into the container. 5. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising a memory connected to the first processor, the memory being configured to store a neural network model that is pre-trained to determine the amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes in the interior of the container, the neural network model being trained using training data comprising images of the interior of the container into which various amounts of the treatment target is put into the container and labels indicating the amount of the treatment target for each image. 6. The home appliance of claim 5, wherein the neural network model is configured to determine the amount of the treatment target using a number of blocked feature shapes or a number of visible feature shapes among the feature shapes in the container before the treatment target is put into the container. 7. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising a weight sensor configured to detect a weight of the treatment target in the container,
wherein the amount of the treatment target is a volume of the treatment target, and wherein the first processor is further configured to determine a density of the treatment target based on the volume of the treatment target and the weight of the treatment target detected by the weight sensor. 8. The home appliance of claim 7, wherein the first processor is further configured to:
determine a type of the treatment target based on the density of the treatment target and an image of the treatment target photographed by the camera; and select a treatment mode based on the type of the treatment target. 9. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the first processor is further configured to determine at least one of a water supply amount or a detergent input amount based on the amount of the treatment target. 10. A method for controlling a home appliance, the home appliance having a container to accommodate a treatment target in an interior of the container, a camera arranged to photograph the interior of the container, and one or more processors configured to control an operation of the home appliance, the method comprising:
photographing the interior of the container of the home appliance after a treatment target is put into the container to obtain a photographed image of the interior of the container; and determining, by a first processor of the one or more processors, an amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in the photographed image of the interior of the container. 11. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the feature shapes comprise a plurality of shapes having a first form, and
wherein the determining of the amount of the treatment target is based on a number of feature shapes of the first form identified in the photographed image of the interior of the container. 12. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the photographing of the interior of the container includes:
detecting opening of a door of the home appliance and closing of the door after a predetermined time; illuminating, by a lighting, the interior of the container after the door is closed; and photographing the interior of the container by a camera disposed in the door of the home appliance while the interior of the container is illuminated by the lighting. 13. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the determining of the amount of the treatment target comprises:
extracting the feature shapes from an image of the interior of the container before the treatment target is put into the container; correlating the amount of the treatment target with blocked feature shapes or visible feature shapes; and determining the amount of the treatment target based on the blocked feature shapes or the visible feature shapes in the photographed image of the interior of the container after the treatment target is put into the container. 14. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the determining of the amount of the treatment target includes applying, to the photographed image of the interior of the container, a neural network model that is pre-trained to determine the amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes in the interior of the container, and
wherein the neural network model is trained using training data comprising images of the interior of the container into which various amounts of the treatment target is put into the container and labels indicating the amount of the treatment target for each image. 15. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 14, wherein the neural network model is configured to determine the amount of the treatment target using a number of blocked feature shapes or a number of visible feature shapes among the feature shapes in the container before the treatment target is put into the container. 16. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the amount of the treatment target is the volume of the treatment target, and
wherein the method for controlling the home appliance further comprises: detecting, by a weight sensor in the home appliance, a weight of the treatment target in the container; and determining a density of the treatment target based on the volume of the treatment target determined based on the feature shapes of the container and the detected weight of the treatment target. 17. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a type of the treatment target based on the determined density of the treatment target and an image of the treatment target obtained in the photographing of the interior of the container; and selecting a treatment mode based on the type of the treatment target. 18. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the photographing of the interior of the container includes:
rotating the container to evenly distribute the treatment target in the container; and photographing the interior of the container after the rotation of the container stops. 19. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, further comprising determining at least one of a water supply amount or a detergent input amount based on the amount of the treatment target. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium in which computer executable code for controlling a home appliance is stored, the medium comprising:
code configured to cause a camera to photograph an interior of a container of the home appliance after a treatment target is put into the container; and code configured to cause a processor to determine an amount of a treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in an image of the interior of the container photographed by the camera. | A home appliance and a control method for the home appliance, which is operable in an IoT environment through a 5G communication network and uses a neural network model generated according to machine learning is provided. The home appliance may include a home appliance main body; a container mounted within the home appliance main body to accommodate a treatment target; a camera arranged to photograph the inside of the container; and one or more processors configured to control an operation of the home appliance, wherein the processor is configured to determine an amount of a treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in an image of the inside of the container photographed by the camera.1. A home appliance, comprising:
a main body; a container mounted within the main body to accommodate a treatment target in an interior of the container; a camera arranged to photograph the interior of the container; and one or more processors configured to control an operation of the home appliance, wherein a first processor of the one or more processors is configured to perform an operation to determine an amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in an image of the interior of the container photographed by the camera. 2. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the feature shapes comprise a plurality of shapes having a first form, and
wherein the operation to determine the amount of the treatment target based on the feature shapes of the container is based on a number of feature shapes of the first form identified in the image of the interior of the container. 3. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a lighting disposed to illuminate the interior of the container; and a door configured to open and close a treatment target inlet of the container, wherein the camera is disposed in the door. 4. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the operation of determining the amount of the treatment target based on the feature shapes inside the container comprises operations of:
extracting the feature shapes from the image of the interior of the container before the treatment target is put into the container; correlating the amount of the treatment target with blocked feature shapes or visible feature shapes; and determining the amount of the treatment target based on the blocked feature shapes or the visible feature shapes in the image of the interior of the container after the treatment target is put into the container. 5. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising a memory connected to the first processor, the memory being configured to store a neural network model that is pre-trained to determine the amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes in the interior of the container, the neural network model being trained using training data comprising images of the interior of the container into which various amounts of the treatment target is put into the container and labels indicating the amount of the treatment target for each image. 6. The home appliance of claim 5, wherein the neural network model is configured to determine the amount of the treatment target using a number of blocked feature shapes or a number of visible feature shapes among the feature shapes in the container before the treatment target is put into the container. 7. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising a weight sensor configured to detect a weight of the treatment target in the container,
wherein the amount of the treatment target is a volume of the treatment target, and wherein the first processor is further configured to determine a density of the treatment target based on the volume of the treatment target and the weight of the treatment target detected by the weight sensor. 8. The home appliance of claim 7, wherein the first processor is further configured to:
determine a type of the treatment target based on the density of the treatment target and an image of the treatment target photographed by the camera; and select a treatment mode based on the type of the treatment target. 9. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the first processor is further configured to determine at least one of a water supply amount or a detergent input amount based on the amount of the treatment target. 10. A method for controlling a home appliance, the home appliance having a container to accommodate a treatment target in an interior of the container, a camera arranged to photograph the interior of the container, and one or more processors configured to control an operation of the home appliance, the method comprising:
photographing the interior of the container of the home appliance after a treatment target is put into the container to obtain a photographed image of the interior of the container; and determining, by a first processor of the one or more processors, an amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in the photographed image of the interior of the container. 11. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the feature shapes comprise a plurality of shapes having a first form, and
wherein the determining of the amount of the treatment target is based on a number of feature shapes of the first form identified in the photographed image of the interior of the container. 12. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the photographing of the interior of the container includes:
detecting opening of a door of the home appliance and closing of the door after a predetermined time; illuminating, by a lighting, the interior of the container after the door is closed; and photographing the interior of the container by a camera disposed in the door of the home appliance while the interior of the container is illuminated by the lighting. 13. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the determining of the amount of the treatment target comprises:
extracting the feature shapes from an image of the interior of the container before the treatment target is put into the container; correlating the amount of the treatment target with blocked feature shapes or visible feature shapes; and determining the amount of the treatment target based on the blocked feature shapes or the visible feature shapes in the photographed image of the interior of the container after the treatment target is put into the container. 14. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the determining of the amount of the treatment target includes applying, to the photographed image of the interior of the container, a neural network model that is pre-trained to determine the amount of the treatment target based on feature shapes in the interior of the container, and
wherein the neural network model is trained using training data comprising images of the interior of the container into which various amounts of the treatment target is put into the container and labels indicating the amount of the treatment target for each image. 15. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 14, wherein the neural network model is configured to determine the amount of the treatment target using a number of blocked feature shapes or a number of visible feature shapes among the feature shapes in the container before the treatment target is put into the container. 16. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the amount of the treatment target is the volume of the treatment target, and
wherein the method for controlling the home appliance further comprises: detecting, by a weight sensor in the home appliance, a weight of the treatment target in the container; and determining a density of the treatment target based on the volume of the treatment target determined based on the feature shapes of the container and the detected weight of the treatment target. 17. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a type of the treatment target based on the determined density of the treatment target and an image of the treatment target obtained in the photographing of the interior of the container; and selecting a treatment mode based on the type of the treatment target. 18. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, wherein the photographing of the interior of the container includes:
rotating the container to evenly distribute the treatment target in the container; and photographing the interior of the container after the rotation of the container stops. 19. The method for controlling the home appliance of claim 10, further comprising determining at least one of a water supply amount or a detergent input amount based on the amount of the treatment target. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium in which computer executable code for controlling a home appliance is stored, the medium comprising:
code configured to cause a camera to photograph an interior of a container of the home appliance after a treatment target is put into the container; and code configured to cause a processor to determine an amount of a treatment target based on feature shapes of the container identified in an image of the interior of the container photographed by the camera. | 2,100 |
344,114 | 16,803,595 | 2,119 | A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element. The device includes a driver to rotate one of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element to clamp the assembly and a first sensor to measure a screwing torque of the driver, a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, a second sensor to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool, a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position, and a calculation system to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element. | 1. A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part intended to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element,
the device including a driver configured to rotate one of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element in order to clamp the assembly and a first sensor configured to measure a screwing torque of the driver, the device further including a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, the device comprising:
a second sensor configured to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool;
a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position;
a calculation system configured to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element as a function of the evolution of the screwing torque and the reaction torque as a function of the third parameter. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the calculation system is further configured to determine, by analyzing evolution of the functions: a phase of the elements of the assembly coming into contact, a phase of eliminating residual clearances between the elements, and a phase of clamping the assembly. 3. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured to:
determine, by analyzing functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, a braking torque between the externally threaded element and the internally threaded element; and determine, by analyzing the functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, the residual clearance in the assembly. 4. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 5. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 6. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 7. The device according to claim 5, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which the calculation system is configured to determine a target screwing torque as a function of the pre-tension that has been determined, the device being further configured to apply the target screwing torque. | A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element. The device includes a driver to rotate one of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element to clamp the assembly and a first sensor to measure a screwing torque of the driver, a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, a second sensor to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool, a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position, and a calculation system to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element.1. A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part intended to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element,
the device including a driver configured to rotate one of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element in order to clamp the assembly and a first sensor configured to measure a screwing torque of the driver, the device further including a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, the device comprising:
a second sensor configured to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool;
a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position;
a calculation system configured to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element as a function of the evolution of the screwing torque and the reaction torque as a function of the third parameter. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the calculation system is further configured to determine, by analyzing evolution of the functions: a phase of the elements of the assembly coming into contact, a phase of eliminating residual clearances between the elements, and a phase of clamping the assembly. 3. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured to:
determine, by analyzing functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, a braking torque between the externally threaded element and the internally threaded element; and determine, by analyzing the functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, the residual clearance in the assembly. 4. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 5. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 6. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 7. The device according to claim 5, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which the calculation system is configured to determine a target screwing torque as a function of the pre-tension that has been determined, the device being further configured to apply the target screwing torque. | 2,100 |
344,115 | 16,803,591 | 2,119 | A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element. The device includes a driver to rotate one of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element to clamp the assembly and a first sensor to measure a screwing torque of the driver, a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, a second sensor to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool, a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position, and a calculation system to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element. | 1. A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part intended to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element,
the device including a driver configured to rotate one of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element in order to clamp the assembly and a first sensor configured to measure a screwing torque of the driver, the device further including a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, the device comprising:
a second sensor configured to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool;
a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position;
a calculation system configured to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element as a function of the evolution of the screwing torque and the reaction torque as a function of the third parameter. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the calculation system is further configured to determine, by analyzing evolution of the functions: a phase of the elements of the assembly coming into contact, a phase of eliminating residual clearances between the elements, and a phase of clamping the assembly. 3. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured to:
determine, by analyzing functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, a braking torque between the externally threaded element and the internally threaded element; and determine, by analyzing the functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, the residual clearance in the assembly. 4. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 5. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 6. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 7. The device according to claim 5, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which the calculation system is configured to determine a target screwing torque as a function of the pre-tension that has been determined, the device being further configured to apply the target screwing torque. | A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element. The device includes a driver to rotate one of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element to clamp the assembly and a first sensor to measure a screwing torque of the driver, a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements including the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, a second sensor to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool, a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position, and a calculation system to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element.1. A device for monitoring clamping of an assembly including at least one part intended to be clamped, an internally threaded element and an externally threaded element engaged in an internal thread of the internally threaded element,
the device including a driver configured to rotate one of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element in order to clamp the assembly and a first sensor configured to measure a screwing torque of the driver, the device further including a tool for holding fixed against rotation the other of the elements comprising the internally threaded element and the externally threaded element, the device comprising:
a second sensor configured to measure a reaction torque of the holding tool;
a mechanism for determining a third parameter chosen from a time elapsed from a given time and a screwing angle from a reference position;
a calculation system configured to determine pre-tension in the externally threaded element as a function of the evolution of the screwing torque and the reaction torque as a function of the third parameter. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the calculation system is further configured to determine, by analyzing evolution of the functions: a phase of the elements of the assembly coming into contact, a phase of eliminating residual clearances between the elements, and a phase of clamping the assembly. 3. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured to:
determine, by analyzing functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, a braking torque between the externally threaded element and the internally threaded element; and determine, by analyzing the functions representing the screwing torque and the reaction torque, the residual clearance in the assembly. 4. The device according to claim 2, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 5. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is further configured:
for the screwing torque and the reaction torque, to model the phase of coming into contact according to two affine functions over a first range of the third parameter, the phase of eliminating the clearances by an affine function over a second range of the third parameter and the tightening phase by an affine function over a third range of the third parameter; to determine a slope of the function representing the screwing torque during the tightening phase; to determine a slope of the function representing the reaction torque during the tightening phase; and to calculate the coefficient of friction between the rotated element, which is either the internally threaded element or the externally threaded element, on the one hand, and the part intended to be clamped, on the other hand, and the coefficient of friction between the threads of the externally threaded element and the threads of the internally threaded element. 6. The device according to claim 3, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 7. The device according to claim 5, in which the calculation system is configured to determine the pre-tension taking account of the braking torque, the residual clearance and the coefficients of friction that have been calculated. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which the calculation system is configured to determine a target screwing torque as a function of the pre-tension that has been determined, the device being further configured to apply the target screwing torque. | 2,100 |
344,116 | 16,803,592 | 2,119 | An antenna module includes a dielectric substrate, a plurality of antenna elements, and an RFIC having a plurality of power supply terminals configured to supply power to each of the plurality of antenna elements via a power supply line. The plurality of antenna elements include a first antenna element and a second antenna element disposed along a first direction connecting two points within a region, the first antenna element is located on the side of a center of the region relative to the second antenna element, and the number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the first antenna element is smaller than the number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the second antenna element. | 1. An antenna module comprising:
a dielectric substrate; a plurality of antenna elements disposed on the dielectric substrate and two-dimensionally arranged; and a radio frequency circuit element disposed on the dielectric substrate and including a plurality of power supply terminals configured to supply power to each of the plurality of antenna elements via a power supply line, wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a first antenna element and a second antenna element disposed along a first direction connecting two points within a region containing all the plurality of antenna elements in a plan view of the dielectric substrate, the first antenna element is located on a center portion of the region, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the first antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the second antenna element. 2. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a plurality of antenna element groups each constituted of one antenna element or two or more antenna elements connected to each other, the plurality of antenna element groups are not electrically connected to one another, the plurality of power supply terminals are respectively connected to different antenna element groups, and a number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the first antenna element is smaller than a number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element. 3. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna element groups are disposed along the first direction, and a total number of antenna elements constituting each of the antenna element groups disposed on an end portion of the region among the plurality of antenna element groups is equal to or larger than a total number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group disposed on the center portion. 4. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna element groups include a plurality of antenna element groups in column, in each of which the plurality of antenna elements connected to one another are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, and a total number of antenna elements constituting each of the antenna element groups in the column disposed on the end portion among the plurality of antenna element groups is equal to or larger than a total number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group in the column disposed on the center portion. 5. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 6. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 7. The antenna module according to claim 6,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a seventh antenna element and an eighth antenna element disposed along the second direction, the fifth antenna element, the sixth antenna element, the seventh antenna element, and the eighth antenna element are aligned in the order of the eighth antenna element, the seventh antenna element, the center of the region, the fifth antenna element, and the sixth antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the seventh antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the eighth antenna element. 8. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 9. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer, a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, and an electrode pad which is disposed between the first insulator layer and the second insulator layer, and one principal surface of which is joined to the first via conductor and another principal surface of which is joined to the second via conductor, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward the other end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is joined to each other with the electrode pad interposed between the large-diameter portions or the small-diameter portions, the electrode pad has a shape disposed at an inside of at least one of the large-diameter portion of the first via conductor and the larger-diameter portion of the second via conductor when viewed in the lamination direction, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 10. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the radio frequency circuit element includes a phase-shift circuit configured to shift a phase of a radio frequency signal, an amplification circuit configured to amplify the phase-shifted radio frequency signal, and a switch element configured to switch whether or not to supply the amplified radio frequency signal to the antenna element. 11. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 12. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 13. The antenna module according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 14. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 15. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 16. The antenna module according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 17. The antenna module according to claim 5,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 18. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 19. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 20. The antenna module according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. | An antenna module includes a dielectric substrate, a plurality of antenna elements, and an RFIC having a plurality of power supply terminals configured to supply power to each of the plurality of antenna elements via a power supply line. The plurality of antenna elements include a first antenna element and a second antenna element disposed along a first direction connecting two points within a region, the first antenna element is located on the side of a center of the region relative to the second antenna element, and the number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the first antenna element is smaller than the number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the second antenna element.1. An antenna module comprising:
a dielectric substrate; a plurality of antenna elements disposed on the dielectric substrate and two-dimensionally arranged; and a radio frequency circuit element disposed on the dielectric substrate and including a plurality of power supply terminals configured to supply power to each of the plurality of antenna elements via a power supply line, wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a first antenna element and a second antenna element disposed along a first direction connecting two points within a region containing all the plurality of antenna elements in a plan view of the dielectric substrate, the first antenna element is located on a center portion of the region, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the first antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the second antenna element. 2. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a plurality of antenna element groups each constituted of one antenna element or two or more antenna elements connected to each other, the plurality of antenna element groups are not electrically connected to one another, the plurality of power supply terminals are respectively connected to different antenna element groups, and a number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the first antenna element is smaller than a number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element. 3. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna element groups are disposed along the first direction, and a total number of antenna elements constituting each of the antenna element groups disposed on an end portion of the region among the plurality of antenna element groups is equal to or larger than a total number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group disposed on the center portion. 4. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna element groups include a plurality of antenna element groups in column, in each of which the plurality of antenna elements connected to one another are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, and a total number of antenna elements constituting each of the antenna element groups in the column disposed on the end portion among the plurality of antenna element groups is equal to or larger than a total number of antenna elements constituting the antenna element group in the column disposed on the center portion. 5. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 6. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 7. The antenna module according to claim 6,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a seventh antenna element and an eighth antenna element disposed along the second direction, the fifth antenna element, the sixth antenna element, the seventh antenna element, and the eighth antenna element are aligned in the order of the eighth antenna element, the seventh antenna element, the center of the region, the fifth antenna element, and the sixth antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the seventh antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the eighth antenna element. 8. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 9. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer, a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, and an electrode pad which is disposed between the first insulator layer and the second insulator layer, and one principal surface of which is joined to the first via conductor and another principal surface of which is joined to the second via conductor, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward the other end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is joined to each other with the electrode pad interposed between the large-diameter portions or the small-diameter portions, the electrode pad has a shape disposed at an inside of at least one of the large-diameter portion of the first via conductor and the larger-diameter portion of the second via conductor when viewed in the lamination direction, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 10. The antenna module according to claim 1,
wherein the radio frequency circuit element includes a phase-shift circuit configured to shift a phase of a radio frequency signal, an amplification circuit configured to amplify the phase-shifted radio frequency signal, and a switch element configured to switch whether or not to supply the amplified radio frequency signal to the antenna element. 11. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 12. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 13. The antenna module according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a third antenna element and a fourth antenna element disposed along the first direction, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are aligned in an order of the fourth antenna element, the third antenna element, a center of the region, the first antenna element, and the second antenna element, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the third antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fourth antenna element. 14. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 15. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 16. The antenna module according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 17. The antenna module according to claim 5,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a fifth antenna element and a sixth antenna element disposed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the plan view, the fifth antenna element is located closer to a center of the region than the sixth antenna element is, and a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the fifth antenna element is smaller than a total number of antenna elements to which power is supplied by a power supply line for supplying power to the sixth antenna element. 18. The antenna module according to claim 2,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 19. The antenna module according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. 20. The antenna module according to claim 4,
wherein the plurality of antenna elements are disposed on one principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the radio frequency circuit element is disposed on another principal surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate includes a plurality of insulator layers being laminated and a conductor column passing through two or more insulator layers among the plurality of insulator layers, the conductor column includes a first via conductor passing through a first insulator layer and a second via conductor passing through a second insulator layer adjacent to the first insulator layer, each of the first via conductor and the second via conductor has a tapered shape in which a cross section becomes smaller from one end portion toward another end portion in a lamination direction of the plurality of insulator layers, the first via conductor and the second via conductor are joined in such a manner that each large-diameter portion which is an end portion with a larger cross section or each small-diameter portion which is an end portion with a smaller cross section is directly joined to each other, and the conductor column is disposed in a path connecting the antenna elements constituting the antenna element group including the second antenna element and the power supply terminal included in the radio frequency circuit element. | 2,100 |
344,117 | 16,803,608 | 1,617 | The present invention is directed to a method of controlling Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (“L. oryzophilus”) comprising applying an effective amount of a mixture of one or more neonicotinoids, urea and optionally, 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. The present invention is further directed to a method of controlling L. oryzophilus comprising mixing a first composition comprising one or more neonicotinoids and and optionally, 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide with a second composition containing urea to create a tank mix and applying the tank mix to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. | 1. A method of controlling Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (L. oryzophilus) comprising applying a mixture of an effective amount of one or more neonicotinoids and an effective amount of urea to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of one or more neonicotinoids is from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of one or more neonicotinoids is from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of urea is from about 1 to about 1,000 kilograms per hectare. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of urea is from about 10 to about 700 kilograms per hectare. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of one or more neonicotinoids to urea is from about 1:10 to about 1:10,000. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of one or more neonicotinoids to urea is from about 1:100 to about 1:2,000. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of one or more neonicotinoids to urea is from about 1:600 to about 1:1,200. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neonicotinoids is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, and thiacloprid. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the one or more neonicotinoids is clothianidin. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is applied to an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the area in need of L. oryzophilus control is a field where rice will be planted. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the area in need of L. oryzophilus control is a field where rice has been planted. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the area in need of L. oryzophilus control is a rice plant. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the L. oryzophilus are larvae. 17. A method of controlling Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (L. oryzophilus) comprising:
a. mixing a first composition comprising one or more neonicotinoids with a second composition containing urea to create a tank mix; and b. applying the tank mix to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more neonicotinoids is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, and thiacloprid. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein in the one or more neonicotinoids is clothianidin. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first composition further comprises 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the L. oryzophilus are larvae. | The present invention is directed to a method of controlling Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (“L. oryzophilus”) comprising applying an effective amount of a mixture of one or more neonicotinoids, urea and optionally, 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. The present invention is further directed to a method of controlling L. oryzophilus comprising mixing a first composition comprising one or more neonicotinoids and and optionally, 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide with a second composition containing urea to create a tank mix and applying the tank mix to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control.1. A method of controlling Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (L. oryzophilus) comprising applying a mixture of an effective amount of one or more neonicotinoids and an effective amount of urea to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of one or more neonicotinoids is from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of one or more neonicotinoids is from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of urea is from about 1 to about 1,000 kilograms per hectare. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of urea is from about 10 to about 700 kilograms per hectare. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of one or more neonicotinoids to urea is from about 1:10 to about 1:10,000. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of one or more neonicotinoids to urea is from about 1:100 to about 1:2,000. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of one or more neonicotinoids to urea is from about 1:600 to about 1:1,200. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neonicotinoids is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, and thiacloprid. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the one or more neonicotinoids is clothianidin. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is applied to an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the area in need of L. oryzophilus control is a field where rice will be planted. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the area in need of L. oryzophilus control is a field where rice has been planted. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the area in need of L. oryzophilus control is a rice plant. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the L. oryzophilus are larvae. 17. A method of controlling Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (L. oryzophilus) comprising:
a. mixing a first composition comprising one or more neonicotinoids with a second composition containing urea to create a tank mix; and b. applying the tank mix to the L. oryzophilus or an area in need of L. oryzophilus control. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more neonicotinoids is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, and thiacloprid. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein in the one or more neonicotinoids is clothianidin. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first composition further comprises 3 N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the L. oryzophilus are larvae. | 1,600 |
344,118 | 16,803,582 | 1,617 | The present invention provides antibodies that bind to human interleukin-25 (IL-25) and methods of using the same. According to certain embodiments, the antibodies of the invention bind human IL-25 with high affinity. In certain embodiments, the invention includes antibodies that bind human IL-25 and block IL-25-mediated cell signaling. The antibodies of the invention may be fully human, non-naturally occurring antibodies. The antibodies of the invention are useful for the treatment of various disorders associated with IL-25 activity or expression, including asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis (AD), and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), also know as Churg-Strauss Syndrome. | 1-42. (canceled) 43. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human interleukin-25 (IL-25), wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a set of six complementarity determining regions (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3) contained within a heavy chain variable region (HCVR)/light chain variable region (LCVR) amino acid sequence pair selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2/10, 18/26, 34/42, 50/58, 66/74, 82/90, 98/106, 114/122, 130/138, 146/154, 162/170, 178/186, 194/202, 210/218, 226/234, 242/250, and 258/266. 44. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that comprises a set of HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 sequences, respectively, selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, and 16; or (b) SEQ ID NOs: 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32; or (c) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 38, 40, 44, 46, and 48; or (d) SEQ ID NOs: 52, 54, 56, 60, 62, and 64; or (e) SEQ ID NOs: 68, 70, 72, 76, 78, and 80; or (f) SEQ ID NOs: 84, 86, 88, 92, 94, and 96; or (g) SEQ ID NOs: 100, 102, 104, 108, 110, and 112; or (h) SEQ ID NOs: 116, 118, 120, 124, 126, and 128; or (i) SEQ ID NOs: 132, 134, 136, 140, 142, and 144; or (j) SEQ ID NOs: 148, 150, 152, 156, 158, and 160; or (k) SEQ ID NOs: 164, 166, 168, 172, 174, and 176; or (l) SEQ ID NOs: 180, 182, 184, 188, 190, and 192; or (m) SEQ ID NOs: 196, 198, 200, 204, 206, and 208; or (n) SEQ ID NOs: 212, 214, 216, 220, 222, and 224; or (o) SEQ ID NOs: 228, 230, 232, 236, 238, and 240; or (p) SEQ ID NOs: 244, 246, 248, 252, 254, and 256; or (q) SEQ ID NOs: 260, 262, 264, 268, 270, and 272. 45. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 44, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that comprises an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:116, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:118, an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:120, an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:124, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:126, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:128. 46. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises the HCVR and LCVR sequences of an amino acid sequence pair selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2/10, 18/26, 34/42, 50/58, 66/74, 82/90, 98/106, 114/122, 130/138, 146/154, 162/170, 178/186, 194/202, 210/218, 226/234, 242/250, and 258/266. 47. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR has at least 90% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, 81, 97, 113, 129, 145, 161, 177, 193, 209, 225, 241, and 257, and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR has at least 90% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 25, 41, 57, 73, 89, 105, 121, 137, 153, 169, 185, 201, 217, 233, 249, and 265. 48. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR has at least 95% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, 81, 97, 113, 129, 145, 161, 177, 193, 209, 225, 241, and 257, and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR has at least 90% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 25, 41, 57, 73, 89, 105, 121, 137, 153, 169, 185, 201, 217, 233, 249, and 265. 49. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, 81, 97, 113, 129, 145, 161, 177, 193, 209, 225, 241, and 257, and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 25, 41, 57, 73, 89, 105, 121, 137, 153, 169, 185, 201, 217, 233, 249, and 265. 50. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 49, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:114 and an LCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:122. 51. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 50, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:113 and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:121. 52. A composition comprising a first nucleic acid molecule and a second nucleic acid molecule, wherein:
the first nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an HCVR of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human IL-25, wherein the HCVR comprises an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:116, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:118, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:120; and the second nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an LCVR of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human IL-25, wherein the LCVR comprises an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:124, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:126, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:128. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the HCVR comprises SEQ ID NO:114 and the LCVR comprises SEQ ID NO:122. 54. The composition of claim 52, wherein the first nucleic acid molecule comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:113 and the second nucleic acid molecule comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:121. 55. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 43. 56. An isolated host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 55. 57. A method of producing an anti-IL-25 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising the steps of culturing the host cell of claim 56 under conditions permitting production of the antibody or fragment thereof, and recovering the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof so produced. | The present invention provides antibodies that bind to human interleukin-25 (IL-25) and methods of using the same. According to certain embodiments, the antibodies of the invention bind human IL-25 with high affinity. In certain embodiments, the invention includes antibodies that bind human IL-25 and block IL-25-mediated cell signaling. The antibodies of the invention may be fully human, non-naturally occurring antibodies. The antibodies of the invention are useful for the treatment of various disorders associated with IL-25 activity or expression, including asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis (AD), and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), also know as Churg-Strauss Syndrome.1-42. (canceled) 43. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human interleukin-25 (IL-25), wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a set of six complementarity determining regions (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3) contained within a heavy chain variable region (HCVR)/light chain variable region (LCVR) amino acid sequence pair selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2/10, 18/26, 34/42, 50/58, 66/74, 82/90, 98/106, 114/122, 130/138, 146/154, 162/170, 178/186, 194/202, 210/218, 226/234, 242/250, and 258/266. 44. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that comprises a set of HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 sequences, respectively, selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, and 16; or (b) SEQ ID NOs: 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32; or (c) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 38, 40, 44, 46, and 48; or (d) SEQ ID NOs: 52, 54, 56, 60, 62, and 64; or (e) SEQ ID NOs: 68, 70, 72, 76, 78, and 80; or (f) SEQ ID NOs: 84, 86, 88, 92, 94, and 96; or (g) SEQ ID NOs: 100, 102, 104, 108, 110, and 112; or (h) SEQ ID NOs: 116, 118, 120, 124, 126, and 128; or (i) SEQ ID NOs: 132, 134, 136, 140, 142, and 144; or (j) SEQ ID NOs: 148, 150, 152, 156, 158, and 160; or (k) SEQ ID NOs: 164, 166, 168, 172, 174, and 176; or (l) SEQ ID NOs: 180, 182, 184, 188, 190, and 192; or (m) SEQ ID NOs: 196, 198, 200, 204, 206, and 208; or (n) SEQ ID NOs: 212, 214, 216, 220, 222, and 224; or (o) SEQ ID NOs: 228, 230, 232, 236, 238, and 240; or (p) SEQ ID NOs: 244, 246, 248, 252, 254, and 256; or (q) SEQ ID NOs: 260, 262, 264, 268, 270, and 272. 45. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 44, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that comprises an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:116, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:118, an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:120, an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:124, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:126, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:128. 46. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises the HCVR and LCVR sequences of an amino acid sequence pair selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2/10, 18/26, 34/42, 50/58, 66/74, 82/90, 98/106, 114/122, 130/138, 146/154, 162/170, 178/186, 194/202, 210/218, 226/234, 242/250, and 258/266. 47. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR has at least 90% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, 81, 97, 113, 129, 145, 161, 177, 193, 209, 225, 241, and 257, and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR has at least 90% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 25, 41, 57, 73, 89, 105, 121, 137, 153, 169, 185, 201, 217, 233, 249, and 265. 48. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR has at least 95% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, 81, 97, 113, 129, 145, 161, 177, 193, 209, 225, 241, and 257, and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR has at least 90% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 25, 41, 57, 73, 89, 105, 121, 137, 153, 169, 185, 201, 217, 233, 249, and 265. 49. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, 81, 97, 113, 129, 145, 161, 177, 193, 209, 225, 241, and 257, and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 25, 41, 57, 73, 89, 105, 121, 137, 153, 169, 185, 201, 217, 233, 249, and 265. 50. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 49, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an HCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:114 and an LCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:122. 51. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 50, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the HCVR comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:113 and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the LCVR comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:121. 52. A composition comprising a first nucleic acid molecule and a second nucleic acid molecule, wherein:
the first nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an HCVR of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human IL-25, wherein the HCVR comprises an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:116, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:118, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:120; and the second nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an LCVR of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human IL-25, wherein the LCVR comprises an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:124, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:126, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:128. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the HCVR comprises SEQ ID NO:114 and the LCVR comprises SEQ ID NO:122. 54. The composition of claim 52, wherein the first nucleic acid molecule comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:113 and the second nucleic acid molecule comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:121. 55. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 43. 56. An isolated host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 55. 57. A method of producing an anti-IL-25 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising the steps of culturing the host cell of claim 56 under conditions permitting production of the antibody or fragment thereof, and recovering the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof so produced. | 1,600 |
344,119 | 16,803,616 | 3,774 | A method for stabilizing a cardiac valve annulus is provided. The method includes intravascularly delivering a prosthesis to a region of a cardiac valve, expanding the prosthesis to secure the prosthesis to the region of the cardiac valve, and reducing the inner diameter of the prosthesis to form the region of the cardiac valve into a predefined shape. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for reshaping a heart valve comprising:
positioning a prosthesis in a compressed configuration at a location of the heart valve, the prosthesis including a ring and a plurality of anchor members adjacent an end of the ring; expanding the prosthesis to a deployment configuration; driving the anchor members into tissue surrounding the heart valve; and after the prosthesis is expanded with the anchors in the tissue, reducing an inner diameter of the prosthesis to a resting configuration to reshape the valve annulus, wherein the prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration has a first diameter smaller than a second diameter of the prosthesis in the resting configuration which is smaller than a third diameter of the prosthesis in the deployment configuration. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the ring is formed of a shape memory material. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of reducing the inner diameter of the ring to the resting configuration is achieved by the ring self-contracting to the resting configuration due to the shape-memory material. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein with the prosthesis in the compressed configuration the anchor members are parallel with a central longitudinal axis of the ring. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the ring is a serpentine ring including a plurality of struts joined together by a plurality of apexes. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the anchor members comprise barbs. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the anchor members are disposed only at a distal end of the ring. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the ring is a closed ring. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the heart valve is a mitral valve. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the tissue is an annulus of the mitral valve. 31. A method for reshaping a mitral valve comprising:
positioning a prosthesis in a compressed configuration into a left atrium, the prosthesis including a ring and a plurality of anchors adjacent a distal end of the ring, wherein the ring in the compressed configuration has a first diameter; expanding the prosthesis to a deployment configuration such that the ring has a second diameter larger than the first diameter; driving the anchors into tissue surrounding the mitral valve; and after the prosthesis is expanded with the anchors in the tissue, reducing an inner diameter of the ring to a resting configuration having a third diameter larger than the first diameter and smaller than the second diameter. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the ring is formed of a shape memory material. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the step of reducing the inner diameter of the ring to the resting configuration is achieved by the ring self-contracting to the resting configuration due to the shape-memory material. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein with the prosthesis in the compressed configuration, the anchors are parallel with a central longitudinal axis of the ring. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the anchors are in a radially extended configuration during the step of driving the anchors into the tissue. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein expanding the prosthesis to the deployment configuration comprises inflating a balloon to expand the prosthesis. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein the ring is a serpentine ring including a plurality of struts joined together apexes. 38. The method of claim 31, wherein the anchors comprise barbs. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the anchors are disposed only at a distal end of the ring. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein the ring is a closed ring. | A method for stabilizing a cardiac valve annulus is provided. The method includes intravascularly delivering a prosthesis to a region of a cardiac valve, expanding the prosthesis to secure the prosthesis to the region of the cardiac valve, and reducing the inner diameter of the prosthesis to form the region of the cardiac valve into a predefined shape.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for reshaping a heart valve comprising:
positioning a prosthesis in a compressed configuration at a location of the heart valve, the prosthesis including a ring and a plurality of anchor members adjacent an end of the ring; expanding the prosthesis to a deployment configuration; driving the anchor members into tissue surrounding the heart valve; and after the prosthesis is expanded with the anchors in the tissue, reducing an inner diameter of the prosthesis to a resting configuration to reshape the valve annulus, wherein the prosthesis in the radially compressed configuration has a first diameter smaller than a second diameter of the prosthesis in the resting configuration which is smaller than a third diameter of the prosthesis in the deployment configuration. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the ring is formed of a shape memory material. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of reducing the inner diameter of the ring to the resting configuration is achieved by the ring self-contracting to the resting configuration due to the shape-memory material. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein with the prosthesis in the compressed configuration the anchor members are parallel with a central longitudinal axis of the ring. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the ring is a serpentine ring including a plurality of struts joined together by a plurality of apexes. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the anchor members comprise barbs. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the anchor members are disposed only at a distal end of the ring. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the ring is a closed ring. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the heart valve is a mitral valve. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the tissue is an annulus of the mitral valve. 31. A method for reshaping a mitral valve comprising:
positioning a prosthesis in a compressed configuration into a left atrium, the prosthesis including a ring and a plurality of anchors adjacent a distal end of the ring, wherein the ring in the compressed configuration has a first diameter; expanding the prosthesis to a deployment configuration such that the ring has a second diameter larger than the first diameter; driving the anchors into tissue surrounding the mitral valve; and after the prosthesis is expanded with the anchors in the tissue, reducing an inner diameter of the ring to a resting configuration having a third diameter larger than the first diameter and smaller than the second diameter. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the ring is formed of a shape memory material. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the step of reducing the inner diameter of the ring to the resting configuration is achieved by the ring self-contracting to the resting configuration due to the shape-memory material. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein with the prosthesis in the compressed configuration, the anchors are parallel with a central longitudinal axis of the ring. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the anchors are in a radially extended configuration during the step of driving the anchors into the tissue. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein expanding the prosthesis to the deployment configuration comprises inflating a balloon to expand the prosthesis. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein the ring is a serpentine ring including a plurality of struts joined together apexes. 38. The method of claim 31, wherein the anchors comprise barbs. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the anchors are disposed only at a distal end of the ring. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein the ring is a closed ring. | 3,700 |
344,120 | 16,803,594 | 3,774 | Various exemplary methods and devices for fuel dispenser electronic communication are provided. In general, a fuel dispenser can be configured to electronically communicate with a network cloud to access cloud technology services. The communication can be direct, e.g., without the fuel dispenser communicating with the cloud network through an intermediary such as a fuel dispenser forecourt controller. The fuel dispenser can include a communication module configured to electronically communicate with the network cloud. The communication module can be on board the dispenser. | 1. A fuel dispenser, comprising:
a first compartment having therein a pump for dispensing an amount of fuel in a fueling session for a customer; and a second compartment having therein electronics for facilitating payment for the fuel and for facilitating the dispensing of the fuel, the electronics including a controller configured to control the pump to regulate the dispensing of the fuel, a communication link, a payment system configured to receive customer payment information from a mobile phone to be authorized by a network cloud for payment of fuel, and a cloud communication module configured to facilitate wireless electronic communication directly between the fuel dispenser and the network cloud without communicating with an intermediary controller at a fueling site at which the fuel dispenser is located; wherein the cloud communication module is configured to transmit data indicative of the received customer payment information directly to the network cloud without communicating with the intermediary controller and is configured to directly transmit metric data to the network cloud without communicating with the intermediary controller, the metric data including at least one of data received by the cloud communication module from the payment system via the communication link and data received by the cloud communication module from the controller via the communication link. 2. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the metric data includes fuel usage data from the controller that is indicative of the amount of fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser, and payment data from the payment system that is indicative of a total amount of payment for fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser. 3. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the metric data includes status data from the controller that is indicative of a status of the fuel dispenser. 4. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the metric data includes status data from the controller that is indicative of a status of the fuel dispenser, fuel usage data from the controller that is indicative of the amount of fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser, and payment data from the payment system that is indicative of a total amount of payment for fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser. 5. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide instructions to the pump to regulate the dispensing of the fuel, the instructions being based on a control signal received from the network cloud in response to the network cloud having authorized the customer payment information. 6. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the payment system includes a mobile payment terminal that is configured to receive the customer payment information from the mobile phone. 7. The fuel dispenser of claim 6, wherein the payment system includes a card reader attached to the fuel dispenser that is configured to receive second customer payment information to be authorized by the network cloud for payment of fuel; and
the cloud communication module is configured to transmit data indicative of the received second customer payment information directly to the network cloud without communicating with the intermediary controller. 8. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, further comprising a display screen configured to display media thereon, the media being displayed having been received by the cloud communication module from the network cloud. 9. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the communication link includes first and second communication links each configured to facilitate electronic communication between the cloud communication module and the payment system and between the cloud communication module and the controller. 10. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the communication link is wired. 11. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the cloud communication module is configured to, in response to the transmission of the data indicative of the received customer payment information directly to the network cloud, receive a control signal indicative of the customer payment information received by the payment system having been authorized by the network cloud as payment for the fuel. | Various exemplary methods and devices for fuel dispenser electronic communication are provided. In general, a fuel dispenser can be configured to electronically communicate with a network cloud to access cloud technology services. The communication can be direct, e.g., without the fuel dispenser communicating with the cloud network through an intermediary such as a fuel dispenser forecourt controller. The fuel dispenser can include a communication module configured to electronically communicate with the network cloud. The communication module can be on board the dispenser.1. A fuel dispenser, comprising:
a first compartment having therein a pump for dispensing an amount of fuel in a fueling session for a customer; and a second compartment having therein electronics for facilitating payment for the fuel and for facilitating the dispensing of the fuel, the electronics including a controller configured to control the pump to regulate the dispensing of the fuel, a communication link, a payment system configured to receive customer payment information from a mobile phone to be authorized by a network cloud for payment of fuel, and a cloud communication module configured to facilitate wireless electronic communication directly between the fuel dispenser and the network cloud without communicating with an intermediary controller at a fueling site at which the fuel dispenser is located; wherein the cloud communication module is configured to transmit data indicative of the received customer payment information directly to the network cloud without communicating with the intermediary controller and is configured to directly transmit metric data to the network cloud without communicating with the intermediary controller, the metric data including at least one of data received by the cloud communication module from the payment system via the communication link and data received by the cloud communication module from the controller via the communication link. 2. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the metric data includes fuel usage data from the controller that is indicative of the amount of fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser, and payment data from the payment system that is indicative of a total amount of payment for fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser. 3. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the metric data includes status data from the controller that is indicative of a status of the fuel dispenser. 4. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the metric data includes status data from the controller that is indicative of a status of the fuel dispenser, fuel usage data from the controller that is indicative of the amount of fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser, and payment data from the payment system that is indicative of a total amount of payment for fuel that has been dispensed from the fuel dispenser. 5. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide instructions to the pump to regulate the dispensing of the fuel, the instructions being based on a control signal received from the network cloud in response to the network cloud having authorized the customer payment information. 6. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the payment system includes a mobile payment terminal that is configured to receive the customer payment information from the mobile phone. 7. The fuel dispenser of claim 6, wherein the payment system includes a card reader attached to the fuel dispenser that is configured to receive second customer payment information to be authorized by the network cloud for payment of fuel; and
the cloud communication module is configured to transmit data indicative of the received second customer payment information directly to the network cloud without communicating with the intermediary controller. 8. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, further comprising a display screen configured to display media thereon, the media being displayed having been received by the cloud communication module from the network cloud. 9. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the communication link includes first and second communication links each configured to facilitate electronic communication between the cloud communication module and the payment system and between the cloud communication module and the controller. 10. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the communication link is wired. 11. The fuel dispenser of claim 1, wherein the cloud communication module is configured to, in response to the transmission of the data indicative of the received customer payment information directly to the network cloud, receive a control signal indicative of the customer payment information received by the payment system having been authorized by the network cloud as payment for the fuel. | 3,700 |
344,121 | 16,803,604 | 3,774 | A system calculates for each frontage space which is held by a plurality of shelves and in which commodities are placed, a recommended capacity value of the commodity based on a predicted shipment volume from demand prediction of the commodity placed in the frontage space. The system determines exchange pairs (frontage space pairs) in each of which exchange of the commodities are performed based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each frontage space. Each exchange pair satisfies the following: The current capacity of a first frontage space is smaller than the recommended capacity, or the current capacity of a second frontage space is larger than the recommended capacity. The recommended capacity of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity of the first frontage space. The recommended capacity of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity of the second frontage space. | 1. An article placement optimization system comprising:
a recommendation calculation section configured to calculate, for each of a plurality of frontage spaces which are held by a plurality of shelves and in which a plurality of articles are placed, a recommended capacity value of the article based on a predicted shipment volume obtained as a result of demand prediction of the article placed in the frontage space in a future specified time period; and an exchange pair determination section configured to determine one or more exchange pairs which are frontage space pairs in each of which articles are exchanged based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each of the plurality of frontage spaces, wherein the current capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a capacity of the frontage space, the recommended capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a frontage space capacity predicted to be required by the article placed in the frontage space in a unit time period in the specified time period, and each of the one or more exchange pairs satisfies the following conditions: (a) the current capacity value of a first frontage space which is one of frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is smaller than the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space, or the current capacity value of a second frontage space which is another one of the frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is larger than the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space, (b) the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space, and (c) the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the second frontage space. 2. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
each of the one or more exchange pairs further satisfies the following condition: (d) a current storage volume value which is a value meaning a capacity occupied by the article placed in the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space. 3. The article placement optimization system according to claim 2, wherein
each of the one or more exchange pairs further satisfies a restriction condition which is one or a plurality of conditions related to restriction of article exchange. 4. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
the exchange pair determination section determines one or a plurality of exchange pair candidates each of which satisfies (a) to (c), and determines the one or more exchange pairs from the one or the plurality of exchange pair candidates based on a result of exchange effect measurement of each of the one or the plurality of exchange pair candidates, and the exchange effect measurement includes prediction of operation time including picking operation time before exchange and the operation time including the picking operation time after the exchange based on shelf placement information which is information related to placement of the plurality of shelves. 5. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a current state calculation section for calculating, for each article space which is the frontage space in which the article is placed, the current capacity value of the article space based on a single-item capacity of the article placed in the article space and a replenishment limit which is an upper limit of the number of the articles which can be placed in the article space. 6. The article placement optimization system according to claim 5, wherein
with regard to a tier including an empty space which is the frontage space in which the article is not placed, the current state calculation section determines the current capacity value of each empty space present in the tier based on a value obtained by subtracting the sum total of the current capacity value of every article space in the tier from a capacity value of the tier and the number of the empty spaces present in the tier, and the current state calculation section determines, for each frontage space to which one or more empty spaces which are continuously arranged are adjacent in the tier, the current capacity value of the frontage space to be a minimum value of the current capacity value of the frontage space, and determines the sum total of the current capacity value of the frontage space and the current capacity value of the one or more empty spaces adjacent to the frontage space to be a maximum value of the current capacity value of the frontage space. 7. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
in a tier including an empty space which is the frontage space in which the article is not placed, the current capacity value of the frontage space to which one or more empty spaces which are continuously arranged are adjacent has a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value is the current capacity value of the frontage space, and the maximum value is the sum total of the current capacity value of the frontage space and the current capacity value of the one or more empty spaces adjacent to the frontage space. 8. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
the predicted shipment volume is obtained as a result of the demand prediction for each unit time period in the specified time period, the recommended capacity value of the frontage space in which the article having a deviation in a plurality of the predicted shipment volumes belonging to the specified time period is placed has a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value is based on a value obtained by subtracting the deviation from a shipment volume based on the plurality of the predicted shipment volumes, and the maximum value is based on a value obtained by adding the deviation to the shipment volume based on the plurality of the predicted shipment volumes. 9. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
the predicted shipment volume is obtained as a result of the demand prediction for each unit time period in the specified time period, and the recommended capacity value of the frontage space in which the article is placed is based on a shipment volume based on a plurality of the predicted shipment volumes belonging to the specified time period, the number of stocking unit time periods which is the number of unit time periods in which the number of articles to be shipped in the unit time period is stored, and a single-item capacity of the article. 10. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a space classification section for classifying, among the plurality of frontage spaces, at least each frontage space in which the article is placed into an A group having the current capacity value which is smaller than the recommended capacity value, or a B group having the current capacity value which is larger than the recommended capacity value, wherein in each of the one or more exchange pairs, the first frontage space is the frontage space belonging to the A group, and the second frontage space is the frontage space belonging to the B group. 11. The article placement optimization system according to claim 10, wherein
in each of the A group and the B group, the frontage space which is larger in at least one of a shipment volume, an absolute value of a difference between the current capacity value and the recommended capacity value, and an emergency replenishment frequency is selected as a candidate for an element constituting the exchange pair more preferentially. 12. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an exchange output section for generating one or more exchange instructions which are one or more instructions for exchange corresponding to the determined one or more exchange pairs, and transmitting the one or more exchange instructions to a mobile terminal of a worker who works in an area where the plurality of shelves are placed, or a robot system including a robot which performs an operation including at least one of an exchange operation, a picking operation, and a conveyance operation of articles in the area where the plurality of shelves are placed. 13. An article placement optimization method comprising:
calculating, for each of a plurality of frontage spaces which are held by a plurality of shelves and in which a plurality of articles are placed, a recommended capacity value of the article based on a predicted shipment volume obtained as a result of demand prediction of the article placed in the frontage space in a future specified time period; and determining one or more exchange pairs which are frontage space pairs in each of which exchange of the article is performed based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each of the plurality of frontage spaces, wherein the current capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a capacity of the frontage space, the recommended capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a frontage space capacity predicted to be required by the article placed in the frontage space in a unit time period in the specified time period, and each of the one or more exchange pairs satisfies the following conditions: (a) the current capacity value of a first frontage space which is one of frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is smaller than the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space, or the current capacity value of a second frontage space which is another one of the frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is larger than the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space, (b) the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space, and (c) the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the second frontage space. 14. A computer program for causing a computer to execute:
calculating, for each of a plurality of frontage spaces which are held by a plurality of shelves and in which a plurality of articles are placed, a recommended capacity value of the article based on a predicted shipment volume obtained as a result of demand prediction of the article placed in the frontage space in a future specified time period; and determining one or more exchange pairs which are frontage space pairs in each of which exchange of the article is performed based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each of the plurality of frontage spaces, wherein the current capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a capacity of the frontage space, the recommended capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a frontage space capacity predicted to be required by the article placed in the frontage space in a unit time period in the specified time period, and each of the one or more exchange pairs satisfies the following conditions: (a) the current capacity value of a first frontage space which is one of frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is smaller than the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space, or the current capacity value of a second frontage space which is another one of the frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is larger than the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space, (b) the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space, and (c) the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the second frontage space. | A system calculates for each frontage space which is held by a plurality of shelves and in which commodities are placed, a recommended capacity value of the commodity based on a predicted shipment volume from demand prediction of the commodity placed in the frontage space. The system determines exchange pairs (frontage space pairs) in each of which exchange of the commodities are performed based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each frontage space. Each exchange pair satisfies the following: The current capacity of a first frontage space is smaller than the recommended capacity, or the current capacity of a second frontage space is larger than the recommended capacity. The recommended capacity of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity of the first frontage space. The recommended capacity of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity of the second frontage space.1. An article placement optimization system comprising:
a recommendation calculation section configured to calculate, for each of a plurality of frontage spaces which are held by a plurality of shelves and in which a plurality of articles are placed, a recommended capacity value of the article based on a predicted shipment volume obtained as a result of demand prediction of the article placed in the frontage space in a future specified time period; and an exchange pair determination section configured to determine one or more exchange pairs which are frontage space pairs in each of which articles are exchanged based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each of the plurality of frontage spaces, wherein the current capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a capacity of the frontage space, the recommended capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a frontage space capacity predicted to be required by the article placed in the frontage space in a unit time period in the specified time period, and each of the one or more exchange pairs satisfies the following conditions: (a) the current capacity value of a first frontage space which is one of frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is smaller than the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space, or the current capacity value of a second frontage space which is another one of the frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is larger than the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space, (b) the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space, and (c) the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the second frontage space. 2. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
each of the one or more exchange pairs further satisfies the following condition: (d) a current storage volume value which is a value meaning a capacity occupied by the article placed in the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space. 3. The article placement optimization system according to claim 2, wherein
each of the one or more exchange pairs further satisfies a restriction condition which is one or a plurality of conditions related to restriction of article exchange. 4. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
the exchange pair determination section determines one or a plurality of exchange pair candidates each of which satisfies (a) to (c), and determines the one or more exchange pairs from the one or the plurality of exchange pair candidates based on a result of exchange effect measurement of each of the one or the plurality of exchange pair candidates, and the exchange effect measurement includes prediction of operation time including picking operation time before exchange and the operation time including the picking operation time after the exchange based on shelf placement information which is information related to placement of the plurality of shelves. 5. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a current state calculation section for calculating, for each article space which is the frontage space in which the article is placed, the current capacity value of the article space based on a single-item capacity of the article placed in the article space and a replenishment limit which is an upper limit of the number of the articles which can be placed in the article space. 6. The article placement optimization system according to claim 5, wherein
with regard to a tier including an empty space which is the frontage space in which the article is not placed, the current state calculation section determines the current capacity value of each empty space present in the tier based on a value obtained by subtracting the sum total of the current capacity value of every article space in the tier from a capacity value of the tier and the number of the empty spaces present in the tier, and the current state calculation section determines, for each frontage space to which one or more empty spaces which are continuously arranged are adjacent in the tier, the current capacity value of the frontage space to be a minimum value of the current capacity value of the frontage space, and determines the sum total of the current capacity value of the frontage space and the current capacity value of the one or more empty spaces adjacent to the frontage space to be a maximum value of the current capacity value of the frontage space. 7. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
in a tier including an empty space which is the frontage space in which the article is not placed, the current capacity value of the frontage space to which one or more empty spaces which are continuously arranged are adjacent has a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value is the current capacity value of the frontage space, and the maximum value is the sum total of the current capacity value of the frontage space and the current capacity value of the one or more empty spaces adjacent to the frontage space. 8. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
the predicted shipment volume is obtained as a result of the demand prediction for each unit time period in the specified time period, the recommended capacity value of the frontage space in which the article having a deviation in a plurality of the predicted shipment volumes belonging to the specified time period is placed has a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value is based on a value obtained by subtracting the deviation from a shipment volume based on the plurality of the predicted shipment volumes, and the maximum value is based on a value obtained by adding the deviation to the shipment volume based on the plurality of the predicted shipment volumes. 9. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, wherein
the predicted shipment volume is obtained as a result of the demand prediction for each unit time period in the specified time period, and the recommended capacity value of the frontage space in which the article is placed is based on a shipment volume based on a plurality of the predicted shipment volumes belonging to the specified time period, the number of stocking unit time periods which is the number of unit time periods in which the number of articles to be shipped in the unit time period is stored, and a single-item capacity of the article. 10. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a space classification section for classifying, among the plurality of frontage spaces, at least each frontage space in which the article is placed into an A group having the current capacity value which is smaller than the recommended capacity value, or a B group having the current capacity value which is larger than the recommended capacity value, wherein in each of the one or more exchange pairs, the first frontage space is the frontage space belonging to the A group, and the second frontage space is the frontage space belonging to the B group. 11. The article placement optimization system according to claim 10, wherein
in each of the A group and the B group, the frontage space which is larger in at least one of a shipment volume, an absolute value of a difference between the current capacity value and the recommended capacity value, and an emergency replenishment frequency is selected as a candidate for an element constituting the exchange pair more preferentially. 12. The article placement optimization system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an exchange output section for generating one or more exchange instructions which are one or more instructions for exchange corresponding to the determined one or more exchange pairs, and transmitting the one or more exchange instructions to a mobile terminal of a worker who works in an area where the plurality of shelves are placed, or a robot system including a robot which performs an operation including at least one of an exchange operation, a picking operation, and a conveyance operation of articles in the area where the plurality of shelves are placed. 13. An article placement optimization method comprising:
calculating, for each of a plurality of frontage spaces which are held by a plurality of shelves and in which a plurality of articles are placed, a recommended capacity value of the article based on a predicted shipment volume obtained as a result of demand prediction of the article placed in the frontage space in a future specified time period; and determining one or more exchange pairs which are frontage space pairs in each of which exchange of the article is performed based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each of the plurality of frontage spaces, wherein the current capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a capacity of the frontage space, the recommended capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a frontage space capacity predicted to be required by the article placed in the frontage space in a unit time period in the specified time period, and each of the one or more exchange pairs satisfies the following conditions: (a) the current capacity value of a first frontage space which is one of frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is smaller than the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space, or the current capacity value of a second frontage space which is another one of the frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is larger than the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space, (b) the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space, and (c) the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the second frontage space. 14. A computer program for causing a computer to execute:
calculating, for each of a plurality of frontage spaces which are held by a plurality of shelves and in which a plurality of articles are placed, a recommended capacity value of the article based on a predicted shipment volume obtained as a result of demand prediction of the article placed in the frontage space in a future specified time period; and determining one or more exchange pairs which are frontage space pairs in each of which exchange of the article is performed based on a current capacity value and the recommended capacity value of each of the plurality of frontage spaces, wherein the current capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a capacity of the frontage space, the recommended capacity value of each frontage space is a value which means a frontage space capacity predicted to be required by the article placed in the frontage space in a unit time period in the specified time period, and each of the one or more exchange pairs satisfies the following conditions: (a) the current capacity value of a first frontage space which is one of frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is smaller than the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space, or the current capacity value of a second frontage space which is another one of the frontage spaces constituting the exchange pair is larger than the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space, (b) the recommended capacity value of the second frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the first frontage space, and (c) the recommended capacity value of the first frontage space satisfies the current capacity value of the second frontage space. | 3,700 |
344,122 | 16,803,620 | 3,774 | An enhanced gravity-driven, thin film condensation heat transfer condenser is disclosed for use in a thermosyphon performing in two perpendicular orientations, as well as orientations in between. The thermosyphon includes an evaporator fluidly coupled to a first condenser configured with a plurality of fins, with each of the plurality of fins having notches adjacent to flanges, the notches forming vapor flow channels through the plurality of fins. The first condenser is fluidly coupled to a second condenser, and vapor flowing from the evaporator must first pass through the first condenser before entering the second condenser. | 1. A thermosyphon, comprising:
an evaporator fluidly coupled to a first condenser, the first condenser is configured with a plurality of fins, with each of the plurality of fins having one or more notches adjacent to one or more flanges, the one or more notches forming one or more vapor flow channels through the plurality of fins; the first condenser being fluidly coupled to a second condenser; wherein vapor flowing from the evaporator must first pass through the first condenser before entering the second condenser. 2. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the one or more vapor flow channels have rectangular shapes. 3. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the one or more vapor flow channels are parallel. 4. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the one or more flanges each occupy only a portion of each of the one or more fins. 5. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the plurality of fins are positioned between a first cover and a second cover to form the first condenser. 6. The thermosyphon of claim 5, wherein the one or more flanges are each positioned on each of the one or more fins proximal to the first cover. 7. The thermosyphon of claim 5, wherein each of the one or more flow channels have two side surfaces that are perpendicular to the first cover. 8. The thermosyphon of claim 5, wherein the thermosyphon operates using gravity without mechanical force. 9. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the second condenser is configured with a plurality of fins, with each fin having one or more notches adjacent to one or more flanges, the one or more notches forming one or more vapor flow channels through the plurality of fins. | An enhanced gravity-driven, thin film condensation heat transfer condenser is disclosed for use in a thermosyphon performing in two perpendicular orientations, as well as orientations in between. The thermosyphon includes an evaporator fluidly coupled to a first condenser configured with a plurality of fins, with each of the plurality of fins having notches adjacent to flanges, the notches forming vapor flow channels through the plurality of fins. The first condenser is fluidly coupled to a second condenser, and vapor flowing from the evaporator must first pass through the first condenser before entering the second condenser.1. A thermosyphon, comprising:
an evaporator fluidly coupled to a first condenser, the first condenser is configured with a plurality of fins, with each of the plurality of fins having one or more notches adjacent to one or more flanges, the one or more notches forming one or more vapor flow channels through the plurality of fins; the first condenser being fluidly coupled to a second condenser; wherein vapor flowing from the evaporator must first pass through the first condenser before entering the second condenser. 2. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the one or more vapor flow channels have rectangular shapes. 3. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the one or more vapor flow channels are parallel. 4. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the one or more flanges each occupy only a portion of each of the one or more fins. 5. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the plurality of fins are positioned between a first cover and a second cover to form the first condenser. 6. The thermosyphon of claim 5, wherein the one or more flanges are each positioned on each of the one or more fins proximal to the first cover. 7. The thermosyphon of claim 5, wherein each of the one or more flow channels have two side surfaces that are perpendicular to the first cover. 8. The thermosyphon of claim 5, wherein the thermosyphon operates using gravity without mechanical force. 9. The thermosyphon of claim 1, wherein the second condenser is configured with a plurality of fins, with each fin having one or more notches adjacent to one or more flanges, the one or more notches forming one or more vapor flow channels through the plurality of fins. | 3,700 |
344,123 | 16,803,574 | 3,774 | Data storage devices are provided. A data storage device includes a memory transistor on a substrate and a data storage structure electrically connected to the memory transistor. The data storage structure includes a magnetic tunnel junction pattern and a top electrode on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern. The top electrode includes a first top electrode and a second top electrode on the first top electrode, and the first and second top electrodes include the same metal nitride. The first top electrode includes first crystal grains of the metal nitride, and the second top electrode includes second crystal grains of the metal nitride. In a section of the top electrode, the number of the first crystal grains per a unit length is greater than the number of the second crystal grains per the unit length. | 1. A data storage device comprising:
a memory transistor on a substrate; and a data storage structure electrically connected to the memory transistor, wherein the data storage structure comprises a magnetic tunnel junction pattern and a top electrode on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern, wherein the top electrode comprises a first top electrode and a second top electrode on the first top electrode, wherein the first and second top electrodes comprise a same metal nitride, wherein the first top electrode comprises first crystal grains of the metal nitride, wherein the second top electrode comprises second crystal grains of the metal nitride, and wherein in a section of the top electrode, a number of the first crystal grains distributed in a unit length is greater than a number of the second crystal grains distributed in the unit length. 2. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a thickness of the first top electrode to a total thickness of the top electrode ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. 3. The data storage device of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the first top electrode ranges from 50 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å. 4. The data storage device of claim 2, wherein the total thickness of the top electrode is 1.2 to 1.9 times a thickness of the magnetic tunnel junction pattern. 5. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the data storage structure further comprises a capping pattern interposed between the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and the first top electrode, and wherein the capping pattern comprises ruthenium. 6. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the first crystal grains have a first void therebetween, wherein the second crystal grains have a second void therebetween, and wherein a size of the first void is smaller than a size of the second void. 7. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the second crystal grains have a larger mean width than the first crystal grains, and wherein the second crystal grains vertically overlap the first crystal grains. 8. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the top electrode further comprises an interface layer between the first top electrode and the second top electrode, and wherein the interface layer comprises at least one metal oxide. 9. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the metal nitride comprises titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, or tungsten nitride. 10. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the magnetic tunnel junction pattern comprises a first magnetic pattern, a second magnetic pattern, and a tunnel barrier pattern therebetween, wherein one of the first and second magnetic patterns is a reference layer, and wherein the other of the first and second magnetic patterns is a free layer. 11. A data storage device comprising:
a memory transistor on a substrate; and a data storage structure electrically connected to the memory transistor, wherein the data storage structure comprises:
a bottom electrode electrically connected to the memory transistor;
a magnetic tunnel junction pattern on the bottom electrode; and
a top electrode on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern,
wherein the top electrode comprises a first top electrode and a second top electrode on the first top electrode, wherein the first and second top electrodes comprise a same metal nitride, wherein a thickness of the first top electrode is smaller than a thickness of the second top electrode, and wherein a density of the first top electrode is higher than a density of the second top electrode. 12. The data storage device of claim 11, wherein a ratio of the thickness of the first top electrode to a total thickness of the top electrode ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. 13. The data storage device of claim 11,
wherein the data storage structure further comprises a capping pattern interposed between the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and the first top electrode, and wherein the capping pattern comprises ruthenium. 14. The data storage device of claim 11,
wherein the top electrode further comprises an interface layer between the first top electrode and the second top electrode, and wherein the interface layer comprises at least one metal oxide. 15. The data storage device of claim 11,
wherein the first top electrode comprises first crystal grains of the metal nitride, wherein the second top electrode comprises second crystal grains of the metal nitride, and wherein in a section of the top electrode, a number of the first crystal grains distributed in a unit length is greater than a number of the second crystal grains distributed in the unit length. 16. A data storage device comprising:
a memory transistor on a substrate; an interconnection structure electrically connected to the memory transistor; a cell contact plug on the interconnection structure; a conductive line on the cell contact plug; and a data storage structure interposed between the cell contact plug and the conductive line, wherein the data storage structure comprises:
a bottom electrode electrically connected to the cell contact plug;
a top electrode electrically connected to the conductive line;
a magnetic tunnel junction pattern between the bottom electrode and the top electrode; and
a capping pattern between the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and the top electrode,
wherein the top electrode comprises a first top electrode, a second top electrode on the first top electrode, and an interface layer between the first and second top electrodes, wherein the first and second top electrodes comprise a same metal nitride, and wherein a ratio of a thickness of the first top electrode to a total thickness of the top electrode ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. 17. The data storage device of claim 16, wherein a density of the first top electrode is higher than a density of the second top electrode. 18. The data storage device of claim 16, wherein the metal nitride comprises titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, or tungsten nitride. 19. The data storage device of claim 16,
wherein the magnetic tunnel junction pattern comprises a first magnetic pattern, a second magnetic pattern, and a tunnel barrier pattern therebetween, wherein one of the first and second magnetic patterns is a reference layer, and wherein the other of the first and second magnetic patterns is a free layer. 20. The data storage device of claim 16,
wherein the first top electrode comprises first crystal grains of the metal nitride, wherein the second top electrode comprises second crystal grains of the metal nitride, and wherein in a section of the top electrode, a number of the first crystal grains distributed in a unit length is greater than a number of the second crystal grains distributed in the unit length. | Data storage devices are provided. A data storage device includes a memory transistor on a substrate and a data storage structure electrically connected to the memory transistor. The data storage structure includes a magnetic tunnel junction pattern and a top electrode on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern. The top electrode includes a first top electrode and a second top electrode on the first top electrode, and the first and second top electrodes include the same metal nitride. The first top electrode includes first crystal grains of the metal nitride, and the second top electrode includes second crystal grains of the metal nitride. In a section of the top electrode, the number of the first crystal grains per a unit length is greater than the number of the second crystal grains per the unit length.1. A data storage device comprising:
a memory transistor on a substrate; and a data storage structure electrically connected to the memory transistor, wherein the data storage structure comprises a magnetic tunnel junction pattern and a top electrode on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern, wherein the top electrode comprises a first top electrode and a second top electrode on the first top electrode, wherein the first and second top electrodes comprise a same metal nitride, wherein the first top electrode comprises first crystal grains of the metal nitride, wherein the second top electrode comprises second crystal grains of the metal nitride, and wherein in a section of the top electrode, a number of the first crystal grains distributed in a unit length is greater than a number of the second crystal grains distributed in the unit length. 2. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a thickness of the first top electrode to a total thickness of the top electrode ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. 3. The data storage device of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the first top electrode ranges from 50 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å. 4. The data storage device of claim 2, wherein the total thickness of the top electrode is 1.2 to 1.9 times a thickness of the magnetic tunnel junction pattern. 5. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the data storage structure further comprises a capping pattern interposed between the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and the first top electrode, and wherein the capping pattern comprises ruthenium. 6. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the first crystal grains have a first void therebetween, wherein the second crystal grains have a second void therebetween, and wherein a size of the first void is smaller than a size of the second void. 7. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the second crystal grains have a larger mean width than the first crystal grains, and wherein the second crystal grains vertically overlap the first crystal grains. 8. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the top electrode further comprises an interface layer between the first top electrode and the second top electrode, and wherein the interface layer comprises at least one metal oxide. 9. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the metal nitride comprises titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, or tungsten nitride. 10. The data storage device of claim 1,
wherein the magnetic tunnel junction pattern comprises a first magnetic pattern, a second magnetic pattern, and a tunnel barrier pattern therebetween, wherein one of the first and second magnetic patterns is a reference layer, and wherein the other of the first and second magnetic patterns is a free layer. 11. A data storage device comprising:
a memory transistor on a substrate; and a data storage structure electrically connected to the memory transistor, wherein the data storage structure comprises:
a bottom electrode electrically connected to the memory transistor;
a magnetic tunnel junction pattern on the bottom electrode; and
a top electrode on the magnetic tunnel junction pattern,
wherein the top electrode comprises a first top electrode and a second top electrode on the first top electrode, wherein the first and second top electrodes comprise a same metal nitride, wherein a thickness of the first top electrode is smaller than a thickness of the second top electrode, and wherein a density of the first top electrode is higher than a density of the second top electrode. 12. The data storage device of claim 11, wherein a ratio of the thickness of the first top electrode to a total thickness of the top electrode ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. 13. The data storage device of claim 11,
wherein the data storage structure further comprises a capping pattern interposed between the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and the first top electrode, and wherein the capping pattern comprises ruthenium. 14. The data storage device of claim 11,
wherein the top electrode further comprises an interface layer between the first top electrode and the second top electrode, and wherein the interface layer comprises at least one metal oxide. 15. The data storage device of claim 11,
wherein the first top electrode comprises first crystal grains of the metal nitride, wherein the second top electrode comprises second crystal grains of the metal nitride, and wherein in a section of the top electrode, a number of the first crystal grains distributed in a unit length is greater than a number of the second crystal grains distributed in the unit length. 16. A data storage device comprising:
a memory transistor on a substrate; an interconnection structure electrically connected to the memory transistor; a cell contact plug on the interconnection structure; a conductive line on the cell contact plug; and a data storage structure interposed between the cell contact plug and the conductive line, wherein the data storage structure comprises:
a bottom electrode electrically connected to the cell contact plug;
a top electrode electrically connected to the conductive line;
a magnetic tunnel junction pattern between the bottom electrode and the top electrode; and
a capping pattern between the magnetic tunnel junction pattern and the top electrode,
wherein the top electrode comprises a first top electrode, a second top electrode on the first top electrode, and an interface layer between the first and second top electrodes, wherein the first and second top electrodes comprise a same metal nitride, and wherein a ratio of a thickness of the first top electrode to a total thickness of the top electrode ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. 17. The data storage device of claim 16, wherein a density of the first top electrode is higher than a density of the second top electrode. 18. The data storage device of claim 16, wherein the metal nitride comprises titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, or tungsten nitride. 19. The data storage device of claim 16,
wherein the magnetic tunnel junction pattern comprises a first magnetic pattern, a second magnetic pattern, and a tunnel barrier pattern therebetween, wherein one of the first and second magnetic patterns is a reference layer, and wherein the other of the first and second magnetic patterns is a free layer. 20. The data storage device of claim 16,
wherein the first top electrode comprises first crystal grains of the metal nitride, wherein the second top electrode comprises second crystal grains of the metal nitride, and wherein in a section of the top electrode, a number of the first crystal grains distributed in a unit length is greater than a number of the second crystal grains distributed in the unit length. | 3,700 |
344,124 | 16,803,589 | 3,774 | A method for manufacturing a light emitting device includes: providing a substrate defining a mounting region having a wiring pattern on an upper face thereof; forming a plurality of bumps arranged in a plurality of columns extending parallel to each other with a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps in one of the columns arranged closest to an outer edge of the mounting region is larger than a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps arranged on an inner side in a plan view, and the bumps include first bumps and second bumps with the first bumps including first large bumps and first small bumps, with all the bumps in the one of the columns arranged closest to the outer edge are the same size; mounting the light emitting element onto the bumps in a flip-chip manner; and forming a cover member. | 1. A method for manufacturing a light emitting device comprising:
providing a substrate defining a mounting region having a wiring pattern on an upper face thereof; forming a plurality of bumps for bonding a light emitting element to the wiring pattern in the mounting region of the substrate so that the bumps are arranged in a plurality of columns extending parallel to each other with a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps in one of the columns arranged closest to an outer edge of the mounting region is larger than a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps arranged on an inner side of the mounting region in a plan view, and so that the bumps include a plurality of first bumps and a plurality of second bumps with the first bumps including a plurality of first large bumps and a plurality of first small bumps each having a smaller surface area than each of the first large bumps in a plan view, with all the bumps in the one of the columns arranged closest to the outer edge of the mounting region are the same size; mounting the light emitting element onto the bumps in the mounting region of the substrate in a flip-chip manner so that the first bumps are bonded to a first electrode of the light emitting element and the second bumps are bonded to a second electrode of the light emitting element; and forming a cover member that covers lateral faces of the light emitting element and the bumps. 2. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the first bumps and the second bumps as stud bumps on the wiring pattern. 3. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the first large bumps and the first small bumps of the first bumps so that a height of the first large bumps from the wiring pattern is different from a height of the first small bumps from the wiring pattern. 4. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, further comprising
disposing a light transmissive member on the light emitting element. 5. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the bumps in the one of the columns closest to the outer edge of the mounting region are arranged at equal intervals. 6. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the first bumps and the second bumps are arranged in different ones of the columns. 7. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 6, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the first small bumps and the first large bumps are arranged in different ones of the columns. 8. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 7, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a number of the first small bumps arranged in one of the columns is the same as a number of the first large bumps arranged in another of the columns. 9. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 7, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the first small bumps are arranged in the one of the columns arranged closest to the outer edge of the mounting region. 10. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a number of the second bumps arranged in one of the columns is higher than a number of the bumps arranged in other ones of the columns. 11. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the first electrode of the light emitting element is arranged on both sides of the second electrode in the plan view. 12. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 4, wherein
the disposing of the light transmissive member includes providing the light transmissive member containing a phosphor. 13. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 4, wherein
the disposing of the light transmissive member includes providing the light transmissive member so that a lower face of the light transmissive member has an area of about 80 to 150% of an upper face area of the light emitting element. 14. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the cover member includes providing the cover member containing a light reflective material. 15. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a total surface area of the first bumps connected to the first electrode is at least 25% of a surface area of the first electrode. 16. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a total surface area of the second bumps connected to the second electrode is at least 50% of a surface area of the second electrode. | A method for manufacturing a light emitting device includes: providing a substrate defining a mounting region having a wiring pattern on an upper face thereof; forming a plurality of bumps arranged in a plurality of columns extending parallel to each other with a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps in one of the columns arranged closest to an outer edge of the mounting region is larger than a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps arranged on an inner side in a plan view, and the bumps include first bumps and second bumps with the first bumps including first large bumps and first small bumps, with all the bumps in the one of the columns arranged closest to the outer edge are the same size; mounting the light emitting element onto the bumps in a flip-chip manner; and forming a cover member.1. A method for manufacturing a light emitting device comprising:
providing a substrate defining a mounting region having a wiring pattern on an upper face thereof; forming a plurality of bumps for bonding a light emitting element to the wiring pattern in the mounting region of the substrate so that the bumps are arranged in a plurality of columns extending parallel to each other with a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps in one of the columns arranged closest to an outer edge of the mounting region is larger than a distance between adjacent ones of the bumps arranged on an inner side of the mounting region in a plan view, and so that the bumps include a plurality of first bumps and a plurality of second bumps with the first bumps including a plurality of first large bumps and a plurality of first small bumps each having a smaller surface area than each of the first large bumps in a plan view, with all the bumps in the one of the columns arranged closest to the outer edge of the mounting region are the same size; mounting the light emitting element onto the bumps in the mounting region of the substrate in a flip-chip manner so that the first bumps are bonded to a first electrode of the light emitting element and the second bumps are bonded to a second electrode of the light emitting element; and forming a cover member that covers lateral faces of the light emitting element and the bumps. 2. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the first bumps and the second bumps as stud bumps on the wiring pattern. 3. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the first large bumps and the first small bumps of the first bumps so that a height of the first large bumps from the wiring pattern is different from a height of the first small bumps from the wiring pattern. 4. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, further comprising
disposing a light transmissive member on the light emitting element. 5. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the bumps in the one of the columns closest to the outer edge of the mounting region are arranged at equal intervals. 6. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the first bumps and the second bumps are arranged in different ones of the columns. 7. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 6, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the first small bumps and the first large bumps are arranged in different ones of the columns. 8. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 7, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a number of the first small bumps arranged in one of the columns is the same as a number of the first large bumps arranged in another of the columns. 9. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 7, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that the first small bumps are arranged in the one of the columns arranged closest to the outer edge of the mounting region. 10. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a number of the second bumps arranged in one of the columns is higher than a number of the bumps arranged in other ones of the columns. 11. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the first electrode of the light emitting element is arranged on both sides of the second electrode in the plan view. 12. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 4, wherein
the disposing of the light transmissive member includes providing the light transmissive member containing a phosphor. 13. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 4, wherein
the disposing of the light transmissive member includes providing the light transmissive member so that a lower face of the light transmissive member has an area of about 80 to 150% of an upper face area of the light emitting element. 14. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the cover member includes providing the cover member containing a light reflective material. 15. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a total surface area of the first bumps connected to the first electrode is at least 25% of a surface area of the first electrode. 16. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein
the forming of the bumps includes forming the bumps so that a total surface area of the second bumps connected to the second electrode is at least 50% of a surface area of the second electrode. | 3,700 |
344,125 | 16,803,560 | 3,774 | An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable toner carrying member; a rotatable transfer member contactable to the image carrying member to transfer a toner image from the image carrying member onto a sheet; an urging member for urging the transfer member toward the image carrying member; a supporting member supporting the transfer member so as to be movable toward and away from the carrying member; a driving source for rotating the transfer member; and a coupling member provided opposed to the transfer member in an axial direction of the transfer member to engage with the transfer member to transfer a driving force from the driving source to the transfer member. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a rotatable image bearing member configured to carry a toner image; a rotatable transfer member contactable to an outer peripheral surface of said image bearing member to transfer a toner image from said image bearing member onto a recording material; an urging member configured to urge said transfer member toward said image bearing member; a supporting member supporting said transfer member so as to be movable toward and away from said image bearing member; a driving source configured to produce a rotational force for rotating said transfer member; and a coupling member provided opposed to said transfer member in an axial direction of said transfer member and configured to engage with said transfer member to transfer a driving force transmitted from said driving source, to said transfer member. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rotatable driving member configured to transmit the rotational force from said driving source, to said transfer member, wherein said coupling member is disposed between said transfer member and said driving member in the axial direction of said transfer member to connect said transfer member and said driving member with each other to transmit the rotational force provided by said driving member, to said transfer member. 3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said driving member does not change the position thereof relative to said supporting member in a direction of the urging. 4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said driving member is rotatably supported by said supporting member. 5. An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a moving mechanism configured to move between a contact position in which said transfer member is in contact with said image bearing member and a spacing position in which said transfer member spaced from said image bearing member. 6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein angles of said coupling member relative to said transfer member and said driving member are variable such that said coupling member is capable of transmitting the rotational force from said driving member to said transfer member irrespective of whether said transfer member it is in the contact position or the spacing position. 7. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said moving mechanism is capable of bring said transfer member into contact to said image bearing member and spacing said transfer member from said image bearing member, in a state that said transfer member is being rotated. 8. An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a frame supporting said supporting member so as to be movable in a direction crossing with the axial direction of said transfer member, a rotatable drive input member configured to supply the rotational force from said driving source to said driving member, wherein said drive input member is supported by said frame so as to be movable in a direction crossing with the axial direction of said transfer member in accordance with movement of said supporting member in the crossing direction. 9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said drive input member is swingably supported by said frame. 10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said driving source it supported by said frame. 11. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said frame is capable of being drawn out of the main assembly of said image forming apparatus. 12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said supporting member is movable away from said image bearing member in the crossing direction when said frame is drawn out of said main assembly. 13. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said image bearing member is an intermediary transfer member configured to effect secondary-transfer, at the contact portion, the toner image prime a lead transferred from another image bearing member. 14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said transfer member comprises a roller. 15. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said transfer member comprises a roller and a belt extending around said roller. | An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable toner carrying member; a rotatable transfer member contactable to the image carrying member to transfer a toner image from the image carrying member onto a sheet; an urging member for urging the transfer member toward the image carrying member; a supporting member supporting the transfer member so as to be movable toward and away from the carrying member; a driving source for rotating the transfer member; and a coupling member provided opposed to the transfer member in an axial direction of the transfer member to engage with the transfer member to transfer a driving force from the driving source to the transfer member.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a rotatable image bearing member configured to carry a toner image; a rotatable transfer member contactable to an outer peripheral surface of said image bearing member to transfer a toner image from said image bearing member onto a recording material; an urging member configured to urge said transfer member toward said image bearing member; a supporting member supporting said transfer member so as to be movable toward and away from said image bearing member; a driving source configured to produce a rotational force for rotating said transfer member; and a coupling member provided opposed to said transfer member in an axial direction of said transfer member and configured to engage with said transfer member to transfer a driving force transmitted from said driving source, to said transfer member. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rotatable driving member configured to transmit the rotational force from said driving source, to said transfer member, wherein said coupling member is disposed between said transfer member and said driving member in the axial direction of said transfer member to connect said transfer member and said driving member with each other to transmit the rotational force provided by said driving member, to said transfer member. 3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said driving member does not change the position thereof relative to said supporting member in a direction of the urging. 4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said driving member is rotatably supported by said supporting member. 5. An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a moving mechanism configured to move between a contact position in which said transfer member is in contact with said image bearing member and a spacing position in which said transfer member spaced from said image bearing member. 6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein angles of said coupling member relative to said transfer member and said driving member are variable such that said coupling member is capable of transmitting the rotational force from said driving member to said transfer member irrespective of whether said transfer member it is in the contact position or the spacing position. 7. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said moving mechanism is capable of bring said transfer member into contact to said image bearing member and spacing said transfer member from said image bearing member, in a state that said transfer member is being rotated. 8. An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a frame supporting said supporting member so as to be movable in a direction crossing with the axial direction of said transfer member, a rotatable drive input member configured to supply the rotational force from said driving source to said driving member, wherein said drive input member is supported by said frame so as to be movable in a direction crossing with the axial direction of said transfer member in accordance with movement of said supporting member in the crossing direction. 9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said drive input member is swingably supported by said frame. 10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said driving source it supported by said frame. 11. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said frame is capable of being drawn out of the main assembly of said image forming apparatus. 12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said supporting member is movable away from said image bearing member in the crossing direction when said frame is drawn out of said main assembly. 13. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said image bearing member is an intermediary transfer member configured to effect secondary-transfer, at the contact portion, the toner image prime a lead transferred from another image bearing member. 14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said transfer member comprises a roller. 15. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said transfer member comprises a roller and a belt extending around said roller. | 3,700 |
344,126 | 16,803,585 | 2,825 | An erasable programmable non-volatile memory includes a memory array and a sensing circuit. The memory array includes a general memory cell and a reference memory cell, which are connected with a word line. The sensing circuit includes a current comparator. The read current in the program state of the general memory cell is higher than the read current in the program state of the reference memory cell. The erase efficiency of the general memory cell is higher than the erase efficiency of the reference memory cell. When a read action is performed, the general memory cell generates a read current to the current comparator, and the reference memory cell generates a reference current to the current comparator. According to the reference current and the read current, the current comparator generates an output data signal to indicate a storage state of the general memory cell. | 1. An erasable programmable non-volatile memory, comprising:
a memory array comprising a first array region and a second array region, wherein a first word line is connected with a first row of n general memory cells in the first array region, and the first word line is connected with a first reference memory cell in the second array region, wherein the memory array further comprises n general bit lines, n general erase lines, n general source lines, a reference bit line, a reference erase line and a reference source line, wherein the first row of n general memory cells are respectively connected with the n general bit lines, the n general erase lines and the n general source lines, and the first reference memory cell is connected with the reference bit line, the reference erase line and the reference source line, wherein a read current in the program state of each general memory cell is higher than a read current in the program state of the first reference memory cell, and an erase efficiency of each general memory cell is higher than an erase efficiency of the first reference memory cell; and a sensing circuit comprising a switch set and a current comparator, wherein the switch set is connected with the n general bit lines and the reference bit line, and the current comparator is connected with the switch set, wherein when a read action is performed and the first word line is activated, one of the n general bit lines and the reference bit line are connected with the current comparator through the switch set according to a control signal, so that one of the first row of n general memory cells is determined as a first selected general memory cell and the first reference memory cell is determined as a first selected reference memory cell, wherein the first selected general memory cell generates a first read current to the current comparator, the first selected reference memory cell generates a first reference current to the current comparator, and the current comparator generates an output data signal according to the first reference current and the first read current. 2. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second word line of the memory array is connected with a second row of n general memory cells in the first array region, and the second word line is connected with a second reference memory cell in the second array region, wherein the second row of n general memory cells are respectively connected with the n general bit lines, the n general erase lines and the n general source lines, and the second reference memory cell is connected with the reference bit line, the reference erase line and the reference source line, wherein when the read action is performed and the second word line is activated, one of the n general bit lines and the reference bit line are connected with the current comparator through the switch set according to the control signal, so that one of the second row of n general memory cells is determined as a second selected general memory cell and the second reference memory cell is determined as a second selected reference memory cell, wherein the second selected general memory cell generates a second read current to the current comparator, the second selected reference memory cell generates a second reference current to the current comparator, and the current comparator generates the output data signal according to the second reference current and the second read current. 3. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein if the second reference current is higher than the second read current, the second selected general memory cell is in an erased state, wherein if the second reference current is lower than the second read current, the second selected general memory cell is in a programmed state. 4. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second selected reference memory cell is in the programmed state or the erased state. 5. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the first reference current is higher than the first read current, the first selected general memory cell is in an erased state, wherein if the first reference current is lower than the first read current, the first selected general memory cell is in a programmed state. 6. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first selected reference memory cell is in the programmed state or the erased state. 7. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first general memory cell of the n general memory cells comprises:
a first p-type doped region connected with a first general source line; a second p-type doped region; a third p-type doped region connected with a first general bit line; a first n-type doped region connected with a first general erase line; a first select gate connected with the first word line and located over a region between the first p-type doped region and the second p-type doped region, wherein a first select transistor is defined by the first select gate, the first p-type doped region and the second p-type doped region collaboratively; and a first floating gate located over a region between the second p-type doped region and the third p-type doped region, wherein a first floating gate transistor is defined by the first floating gate, the second p-type doped region and the third p-type doped region collaboratively; wherein a first overlapping region of the first floating gate overlying a channel region of the first floating gate transistor is a first effective floating gate area, the first floating gate is extended to the first n-type doped region, and a second overlapping region of the first floating gate overlying the first n-type doped region has a first effective erase gate area, wherein a percentage of the first effective floating gate area divided by the sum of the first effective floating gate area and the first effective erase gate area is defined as a first floating gate coupling ratio of the first general memory cell. 8. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first reference memory cell comprises:
a fourth p-type doped region connected with a first reference source line; a fifth p-type doped region; a sixth p-type doped region connected with the first reference bit line; a second n-type doped region connected with the first reference erase line; a second select gate connected with the first word line and located over a region between the fourth p-type doped region and the fifth p-type doped region, wherein a second select transistor is defined by the second select gate, the fourth p-type doped region and the fifth p-type doped region collaboratively; and a second floating gate located over a region between the fifth p-type doped region and the sixth p-type doped region, wherein a second floating gate transistor is defined by the second floating gate, the fifth p-type doped region and the sixth p-type doped region collaboratively; wherein a third overlapping region of the second floating gate overlying a channel region of the second floating gate transistor is a second effective floating gate area, the second floating gate is extended to the second n-type doped region, and a fourth overlapping region of the second floating gate overlying the second n-type doped region has a second effective erase gate area, wherein a percentage of the second effective floating gate area divided by the sum of the second effective floating gate area and the second effective erase gate area is defined as a second floating gate coupling ratio of the first reference memory cell. 9. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first effective floating gate area is larger than the second effective floating gate area. 10. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first floating gate coupling ratio is higher than the second floating gate coupling ratio. 11. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein a dopant concentration of the first n-type doped region is higher than a dopant concentration of the second n-type doped region. 12. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first reference memory cell further comprises a metal layer to cover the fourth overlapping region, wherein the metal layer is not in contact with the second n-type doped region and the second floating gate. 13. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second floating gate is extended over the second n-type doped region and spanned over the second n-type doped region. | An erasable programmable non-volatile memory includes a memory array and a sensing circuit. The memory array includes a general memory cell and a reference memory cell, which are connected with a word line. The sensing circuit includes a current comparator. The read current in the program state of the general memory cell is higher than the read current in the program state of the reference memory cell. The erase efficiency of the general memory cell is higher than the erase efficiency of the reference memory cell. When a read action is performed, the general memory cell generates a read current to the current comparator, and the reference memory cell generates a reference current to the current comparator. According to the reference current and the read current, the current comparator generates an output data signal to indicate a storage state of the general memory cell.1. An erasable programmable non-volatile memory, comprising:
a memory array comprising a first array region and a second array region, wherein a first word line is connected with a first row of n general memory cells in the first array region, and the first word line is connected with a first reference memory cell in the second array region, wherein the memory array further comprises n general bit lines, n general erase lines, n general source lines, a reference bit line, a reference erase line and a reference source line, wherein the first row of n general memory cells are respectively connected with the n general bit lines, the n general erase lines and the n general source lines, and the first reference memory cell is connected with the reference bit line, the reference erase line and the reference source line, wherein a read current in the program state of each general memory cell is higher than a read current in the program state of the first reference memory cell, and an erase efficiency of each general memory cell is higher than an erase efficiency of the first reference memory cell; and a sensing circuit comprising a switch set and a current comparator, wherein the switch set is connected with the n general bit lines and the reference bit line, and the current comparator is connected with the switch set, wherein when a read action is performed and the first word line is activated, one of the n general bit lines and the reference bit line are connected with the current comparator through the switch set according to a control signal, so that one of the first row of n general memory cells is determined as a first selected general memory cell and the first reference memory cell is determined as a first selected reference memory cell, wherein the first selected general memory cell generates a first read current to the current comparator, the first selected reference memory cell generates a first reference current to the current comparator, and the current comparator generates an output data signal according to the first reference current and the first read current. 2. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second word line of the memory array is connected with a second row of n general memory cells in the first array region, and the second word line is connected with a second reference memory cell in the second array region, wherein the second row of n general memory cells are respectively connected with the n general bit lines, the n general erase lines and the n general source lines, and the second reference memory cell is connected with the reference bit line, the reference erase line and the reference source line, wherein when the read action is performed and the second word line is activated, one of the n general bit lines and the reference bit line are connected with the current comparator through the switch set according to the control signal, so that one of the second row of n general memory cells is determined as a second selected general memory cell and the second reference memory cell is determined as a second selected reference memory cell, wherein the second selected general memory cell generates a second read current to the current comparator, the second selected reference memory cell generates a second reference current to the current comparator, and the current comparator generates the output data signal according to the second reference current and the second read current. 3. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein if the second reference current is higher than the second read current, the second selected general memory cell is in an erased state, wherein if the second reference current is lower than the second read current, the second selected general memory cell is in a programmed state. 4. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second selected reference memory cell is in the programmed state or the erased state. 5. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the first reference current is higher than the first read current, the first selected general memory cell is in an erased state, wherein if the first reference current is lower than the first read current, the first selected general memory cell is in a programmed state. 6. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first selected reference memory cell is in the programmed state or the erased state. 7. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first general memory cell of the n general memory cells comprises:
a first p-type doped region connected with a first general source line; a second p-type doped region; a third p-type doped region connected with a first general bit line; a first n-type doped region connected with a first general erase line; a first select gate connected with the first word line and located over a region between the first p-type doped region and the second p-type doped region, wherein a first select transistor is defined by the first select gate, the first p-type doped region and the second p-type doped region collaboratively; and a first floating gate located over a region between the second p-type doped region and the third p-type doped region, wherein a first floating gate transistor is defined by the first floating gate, the second p-type doped region and the third p-type doped region collaboratively; wherein a first overlapping region of the first floating gate overlying a channel region of the first floating gate transistor is a first effective floating gate area, the first floating gate is extended to the first n-type doped region, and a second overlapping region of the first floating gate overlying the first n-type doped region has a first effective erase gate area, wherein a percentage of the first effective floating gate area divided by the sum of the first effective floating gate area and the first effective erase gate area is defined as a first floating gate coupling ratio of the first general memory cell. 8. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first reference memory cell comprises:
a fourth p-type doped region connected with a first reference source line; a fifth p-type doped region; a sixth p-type doped region connected with the first reference bit line; a second n-type doped region connected with the first reference erase line; a second select gate connected with the first word line and located over a region between the fourth p-type doped region and the fifth p-type doped region, wherein a second select transistor is defined by the second select gate, the fourth p-type doped region and the fifth p-type doped region collaboratively; and a second floating gate located over a region between the fifth p-type doped region and the sixth p-type doped region, wherein a second floating gate transistor is defined by the second floating gate, the fifth p-type doped region and the sixth p-type doped region collaboratively; wherein a third overlapping region of the second floating gate overlying a channel region of the second floating gate transistor is a second effective floating gate area, the second floating gate is extended to the second n-type doped region, and a fourth overlapping region of the second floating gate overlying the second n-type doped region has a second effective erase gate area, wherein a percentage of the second effective floating gate area divided by the sum of the second effective floating gate area and the second effective erase gate area is defined as a second floating gate coupling ratio of the first reference memory cell. 9. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first effective floating gate area is larger than the second effective floating gate area. 10. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first floating gate coupling ratio is higher than the second floating gate coupling ratio. 11. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein a dopant concentration of the first n-type doped region is higher than a dopant concentration of the second n-type doped region. 12. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first reference memory cell further comprises a metal layer to cover the fourth overlapping region, wherein the metal layer is not in contact with the second n-type doped region and the second floating gate. 13. The erasable programmable non-volatile memory as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second floating gate is extended over the second n-type doped region and spanned over the second n-type doped region. | 2,800 |
344,127 | 16,803,570 | 2,825 | A balance board may include an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; and an adjustable tilt system comprising at least a first adjustable angle stop configured to be rotated at adjustable intervals to change a maximum angle by which the upper plate may be tilted relative to the base assembly. | 1. A balance board, comprising:
an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; and an adjustable tilt system comprising at least a first adjustable angle stop configured to be rotated at adjustable intervals to change a maximum angle by which the upper plate may be tilted relative to the base assembly. 2. The balance board of claim 1, wherein the first adjustable angle stop is configured to be rotated about a substantially horizontal axis. 3. The balance board of claim 2, wherein the first adjustable angle stop has a cam, and wherein rotating the first adjustable angle stop adjusts a vertical location of the cam relative to the substantially horizontal axis about which the first adjustable angle stop is configured to rotate. 4. The balance board of claim 1, wherein the base assembly includes a first plurality of teeth; and
wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a second plurality of teeth configured to interface with the first plurality of teeth of the base assembly to provide fixation of the first adjustable angle stop at the adjustable intervals. 5. The balance board of claim 4, wherein the base assembly includes a recess;
wherein the first plurality of teeth extend radially inwardly within the recess; wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a cylindrical protrusion configured to fit within the recess in the base assembly; and wherein the second plurality of teeth extend radially outwardly from the cylindrical protrusion. 6. The balance board of claim 1, wherein the balance board includes a plurality of adjustable angle stops disposed around a periphery of the base assembly, the plurality of adjustable angle stops each having substantially the same configuration as the first adjustable angle stop. 7. The balance board of claim 6, wherein the plurality of adjustable angle stops includes four adjustable angle stops evenly spaced at 90 degree intervals around the periphery of the base; and
wherein the balance board is configured to be converted from a multi-axis wobble board to a single-axis rocker board by adjusting opposing adjustable angle stops to prevent pivotal movement of the upper plate about all but one horizontal axis. 8. A balance board, comprising:
an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; the center assembly including a top pivot including a first multi-axial joint set at least partially within the upper plate and a lower pivot including a second multi-axial joint disposed proximate the upper plate; wherein the first multi-axial joint is a first ball and socket joint; wherein the second multi-axial joint is a second ball and socket joint; and wherein the first ball and socket joint is disposed at least partially within the second ball and socket joint; and an adjustable tilt system comprising at least a first adjustable angle stop configured to be rotated to change a maximum angle by which the upper plate may be tilted relative to the base. 9. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the first adjustable angle stop is configured to be rotated about a substantially horizontal axis. 10. The balance board of claim 9, wherein the first adjustable angle stop has a cam, and wherein rotating the first adjustable angle stop adjusts a vertical location of the cam relative to the substantially horizontal axis about which the first adjustable angle stop is configured to rotate. 11. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the base assembly includes a first plurality of teeth; and
wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a second plurality of teeth configured to interface with the first plurality of teeth of the base assembly to provide fixation of the first adjustable angle stop at the adjustable intervals. 12. The balance board of claim 11, wherein the base assembly includes a recess;
wherein the first plurality of teeth extend radially inwardly within the recess; wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a cylindrical protrusion configured to fit within the recess in the base assembly; and wherein the second plurality of teeth extend radially outwardly from the cylindrical protrusion. 13. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the balance board includes a plurality of adjustable angle stops disposed around a periphery of the base assembly, the plurality of adjustable angle stops each having substantially the same configuration as the first adjustable angle stop. 14. The balance board of claim 13, wherein the plurality of adjustable angle stops includes four adjustable angle stops evenly spaced at 90 degree intervals around the periphery of the base; and
wherein the balance board is configured to be converted from a multi-axis wobble board to a single-axis rocker board by adjusting opposing adjustable angle stops to prevent pivotal movement of the upper plate about all but one horizontal axis. 15. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the center assembly includes a compressible member configured to provide resistance to tilting of the upper plate with respect to the base assembly. 16. The balance board of claim 15, wherein the compressible member is arranged substantially concentrically around the second multi-axial joint. 17. A balance board, comprising:
an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; and a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; the center assembly includes a compressible member configured to provide resistance to tilting of the upper plate with respect to the base assembly; wherein the compressible member is configured to be raised and lowered with respect to the upper plate to change the amount of resistance to tilting provided by the compressible member. 18. The balance board of claim 17, the base assembly further including a base plate configured to contact the ground and a support member connected to the base plate and configured to support the central assembly; and
the central assembly further including a resistance adjusting member including a plurality of shoulders arranged in a stepped configuration such that positioning different steps against the support member incrementally adjusts the vertical placement of the resistance adjusting member relative to the base assembly; wherein adjusting the vertical placement of the resistance adjusting member adjusts the vertical placement of the compressible member to adjust the resistance to tilting of the upper plate relative to the base assembly; and wherein the positioning of the resistance adjusting member at different vertical placements is performed by rotating the resistance adjusting member relative to the support member. 19. The balance board of claim 17, further including a resistance adjustment system configured to raise and lower the compressible member with respect to the upper plate;
the resistance adjustment system including an elevating member and a rotatable ring, the elevating member configured to raise and lower the compressible member; and the rotatable ring configured to raise and lower the elevating member; wherein the rotatable ring includes one or more spiral ramps configured to interact with one or more spiral ramps on the elevating member to raise and lower the elevating member. 20. The balance board of claim 19, wherein the rotatable ring and the elevating member include an indexing system configured to regulate the rotation of the rotatable ring at intervals. | A balance board may include an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; and an adjustable tilt system comprising at least a first adjustable angle stop configured to be rotated at adjustable intervals to change a maximum angle by which the upper plate may be tilted relative to the base assembly.1. A balance board, comprising:
an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; and an adjustable tilt system comprising at least a first adjustable angle stop configured to be rotated at adjustable intervals to change a maximum angle by which the upper plate may be tilted relative to the base assembly. 2. The balance board of claim 1, wherein the first adjustable angle stop is configured to be rotated about a substantially horizontal axis. 3. The balance board of claim 2, wherein the first adjustable angle stop has a cam, and wherein rotating the first adjustable angle stop adjusts a vertical location of the cam relative to the substantially horizontal axis about which the first adjustable angle stop is configured to rotate. 4. The balance board of claim 1, wherein the base assembly includes a first plurality of teeth; and
wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a second plurality of teeth configured to interface with the first plurality of teeth of the base assembly to provide fixation of the first adjustable angle stop at the adjustable intervals. 5. The balance board of claim 4, wherein the base assembly includes a recess;
wherein the first plurality of teeth extend radially inwardly within the recess; wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a cylindrical protrusion configured to fit within the recess in the base assembly; and wherein the second plurality of teeth extend radially outwardly from the cylindrical protrusion. 6. The balance board of claim 1, wherein the balance board includes a plurality of adjustable angle stops disposed around a periphery of the base assembly, the plurality of adjustable angle stops each having substantially the same configuration as the first adjustable angle stop. 7. The balance board of claim 6, wherein the plurality of adjustable angle stops includes four adjustable angle stops evenly spaced at 90 degree intervals around the periphery of the base; and
wherein the balance board is configured to be converted from a multi-axis wobble board to a single-axis rocker board by adjusting opposing adjustable angle stops to prevent pivotal movement of the upper plate about all but one horizontal axis. 8. A balance board, comprising:
an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; the center assembly including a top pivot including a first multi-axial joint set at least partially within the upper plate and a lower pivot including a second multi-axial joint disposed proximate the upper plate; wherein the first multi-axial joint is a first ball and socket joint; wherein the second multi-axial joint is a second ball and socket joint; and wherein the first ball and socket joint is disposed at least partially within the second ball and socket joint; and an adjustable tilt system comprising at least a first adjustable angle stop configured to be rotated to change a maximum angle by which the upper plate may be tilted relative to the base. 9. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the first adjustable angle stop is configured to be rotated about a substantially horizontal axis. 10. The balance board of claim 9, wherein the first adjustable angle stop has a cam, and wherein rotating the first adjustable angle stop adjusts a vertical location of the cam relative to the substantially horizontal axis about which the first adjustable angle stop is configured to rotate. 11. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the base assembly includes a first plurality of teeth; and
wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a second plurality of teeth configured to interface with the first plurality of teeth of the base assembly to provide fixation of the first adjustable angle stop at the adjustable intervals. 12. The balance board of claim 11, wherein the base assembly includes a recess;
wherein the first plurality of teeth extend radially inwardly within the recess; wherein the first adjustable angle stop includes a cylindrical protrusion configured to fit within the recess in the base assembly; and wherein the second plurality of teeth extend radially outwardly from the cylindrical protrusion. 13. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the balance board includes a plurality of adjustable angle stops disposed around a periphery of the base assembly, the plurality of adjustable angle stops each having substantially the same configuration as the first adjustable angle stop. 14. The balance board of claim 13, wherein the plurality of adjustable angle stops includes four adjustable angle stops evenly spaced at 90 degree intervals around the periphery of the base; and
wherein the balance board is configured to be converted from a multi-axis wobble board to a single-axis rocker board by adjusting opposing adjustable angle stops to prevent pivotal movement of the upper plate about all but one horizontal axis. 15. The balance board of claim 8, wherein the center assembly includes a compressible member configured to provide resistance to tilting of the upper plate with respect to the base assembly. 16. The balance board of claim 15, wherein the compressible member is arranged substantially concentrically around the second multi-axial joint. 17. A balance board, comprising:
an upper plate having a top surface configured for a user to stand on; a base assembly configured to contact the ground; and a center assembly pivotally connecting the upper plate with the base assembly; the center assembly includes a compressible member configured to provide resistance to tilting of the upper plate with respect to the base assembly; wherein the compressible member is configured to be raised and lowered with respect to the upper plate to change the amount of resistance to tilting provided by the compressible member. 18. The balance board of claim 17, the base assembly further including a base plate configured to contact the ground and a support member connected to the base plate and configured to support the central assembly; and
the central assembly further including a resistance adjusting member including a plurality of shoulders arranged in a stepped configuration such that positioning different steps against the support member incrementally adjusts the vertical placement of the resistance adjusting member relative to the base assembly; wherein adjusting the vertical placement of the resistance adjusting member adjusts the vertical placement of the compressible member to adjust the resistance to tilting of the upper plate relative to the base assembly; and wherein the positioning of the resistance adjusting member at different vertical placements is performed by rotating the resistance adjusting member relative to the support member. 19. The balance board of claim 17, further including a resistance adjustment system configured to raise and lower the compressible member with respect to the upper plate;
the resistance adjustment system including an elevating member and a rotatable ring, the elevating member configured to raise and lower the compressible member; and the rotatable ring configured to raise and lower the elevating member; wherein the rotatable ring includes one or more spiral ramps configured to interact with one or more spiral ramps on the elevating member to raise and lower the elevating member. 20. The balance board of claim 19, wherein the rotatable ring and the elevating member include an indexing system configured to regulate the rotation of the rotatable ring at intervals. | 2,800 |
344,128 | 16,803,565 | 2,825 | Described are methods of field conditioning cereal crop pollen. A method of the present invention includes collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions which regulate pollen moisture content. The field conditioning conditions may include a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%, a temperature ranging from about −10-10° C., and an air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa. The field conditioning conditions may further include a continuous, adjustable positive or negative air flow and/or and a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. The field conditioning conditions may dehydrate the pollen to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 40% to about 58%, such as about 50% to about 57%. | 1. A method of field conditioning pollen from cereal crops comprising collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions including:
(a) a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%; (b) a temperature ranging from about −10° C. to about 10° C.; and (c) air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa; wherein the pollen is dehydrated to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 40% to about 58% and the temperature and the relative humidity are adjustable and maintain the pollen moisture content at about 40% to about 58%. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the field conditioning conditions include a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the fresh pollen is freshly collected from actively shedding plants. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the fresh pollen is collected from anthers by crushing, grinding, or otherwise disrupting the anther in order to obtain the pollen therefrom. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the dehydration of the pollen is conducted using one or more methods from the group consisting of:
(a) heat drying;
(b) a saturated salt solution;
(c) silica drying;
(d) sun drying;
(e) microwave drying;
(f) vacuum drying; and
(g) drying using a combination of controlled humidity and ventilation. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the relative humidity level is controlled by using:
(a) a saturated salt solution;
(b) a two-pressure process;
(c) a two-temperature process; or
(d) one or more apparatus selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a dew-point generator;
(ii) an atomizer;
(iii) a mixed-flow generator; and
(iv) a sonicator. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the field conditioning conditions include continuous, adjustable, positive or negative air flow that is provided such that the air can be exchanged at a rate of 1 or more times per hour. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said pollen selected from the group consisting of maize, rice, and wheat. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein said pollen is maize pollen. 10. A method of field conditioning pollen from cereal crops comprising collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions including:
(a) a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%; (b) a temperature ranging from about −10° C. to about 10° C.; and (c) air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa; wherein the pollen is dehydrated to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 50% to about 57% and the temperature and the relative humidity are adjustable and maintain the pollen moisture content at about 50% to about 57%. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the field conditioning conditions include a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the fresh pollen is freshly collected from actively shedding plants. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the fresh pollen is collected from anthers by crushing, grinding, or otherwise disrupting the anther in order to obtain the pollen therefrom. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the dehydration of the pollen is conducted using one or more methods from the group consisting of:
(a) heat drying;
(b) a saturated salt solution;
(c) silica drying;
(d) sun drying;
(e) microwave drying;
(f) vacuum drying; and
(g) drying using a combination of controlled humidity and ventilation. 15. The method of claim 10 wherein the relative humidity level is controlled by using:
(a) a saturated salt solution;
(b) a two-pressure process;
(c) a two-temperature process; or
(d) one or more apparatus selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a dew-point generator;
(ii) an atomizer;
(iii) a mixed-flow generator; and
(iv) a sonicator. 16. The method of claim 10 wherein the field conditioning conditions include continuous, adjustable, positive or negative air flow that is provided such that the air can be exchanged at a rate of 1 or more times per hour. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein said pollen is selected from the group consisting of maize, rice, and wheat. 18. The method of claim 10 wherein said pollen is maize pollen. | Described are methods of field conditioning cereal crop pollen. A method of the present invention includes collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions which regulate pollen moisture content. The field conditioning conditions may include a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%, a temperature ranging from about −10-10° C., and an air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa. The field conditioning conditions may further include a continuous, adjustable positive or negative air flow and/or and a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. The field conditioning conditions may dehydrate the pollen to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 40% to about 58%, such as about 50% to about 57%.1. A method of field conditioning pollen from cereal crops comprising collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions including:
(a) a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%; (b) a temperature ranging from about −10° C. to about 10° C.; and (c) air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa; wherein the pollen is dehydrated to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 40% to about 58% and the temperature and the relative humidity are adjustable and maintain the pollen moisture content at about 40% to about 58%. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the field conditioning conditions include a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the fresh pollen is freshly collected from actively shedding plants. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the fresh pollen is collected from anthers by crushing, grinding, or otherwise disrupting the anther in order to obtain the pollen therefrom. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the dehydration of the pollen is conducted using one or more methods from the group consisting of:
(a) heat drying;
(b) a saturated salt solution;
(c) silica drying;
(d) sun drying;
(e) microwave drying;
(f) vacuum drying; and
(g) drying using a combination of controlled humidity and ventilation. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the relative humidity level is controlled by using:
(a) a saturated salt solution;
(b) a two-pressure process;
(c) a two-temperature process; or
(d) one or more apparatus selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a dew-point generator;
(ii) an atomizer;
(iii) a mixed-flow generator; and
(iv) a sonicator. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the field conditioning conditions include continuous, adjustable, positive or negative air flow that is provided such that the air can be exchanged at a rate of 1 or more times per hour. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said pollen selected from the group consisting of maize, rice, and wheat. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein said pollen is maize pollen. 10. A method of field conditioning pollen from cereal crops comprising collecting fresh pollen and introducing the pollen to field conditioning conditions including:
(a) a relative humidity ranging from about 50% to about 100%; (b) a temperature ranging from about −10° C. to about 10° C.; and (c) air pressure ranging from about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa; wherein the pollen is dehydrated to achieve a pollen moisture content of about 50% to about 57% and the temperature and the relative humidity are adjustable and maintain the pollen moisture content at about 50% to about 57%. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the field conditioning conditions include a flow of one or more continuously refreshed, selected gases. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the fresh pollen is freshly collected from actively shedding plants. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the fresh pollen is collected from anthers by crushing, grinding, or otherwise disrupting the anther in order to obtain the pollen therefrom. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the dehydration of the pollen is conducted using one or more methods from the group consisting of:
(a) heat drying;
(b) a saturated salt solution;
(c) silica drying;
(d) sun drying;
(e) microwave drying;
(f) vacuum drying; and
(g) drying using a combination of controlled humidity and ventilation. 15. The method of claim 10 wherein the relative humidity level is controlled by using:
(a) a saturated salt solution;
(b) a two-pressure process;
(c) a two-temperature process; or
(d) one or more apparatus selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a dew-point generator;
(ii) an atomizer;
(iii) a mixed-flow generator; and
(iv) a sonicator. 16. The method of claim 10 wherein the field conditioning conditions include continuous, adjustable, positive or negative air flow that is provided such that the air can be exchanged at a rate of 1 or more times per hour. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein said pollen is selected from the group consisting of maize, rice, and wheat. 18. The method of claim 10 wherein said pollen is maize pollen. | 2,800 |
344,129 | 16,803,576 | 2,825 | A compressor that includes a shell assembly, a compression mechanism and a conduit. The shell assembly defines a chamber. The compression mechanism is disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and includes a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other. The second scroll member includes an externally located slot and a suction inlet. The conduit includes a first end that defines an inlet opening and a second end that defines an outlet opening. The second end includes a connecting arm that has a first boss extending therefrom. The second end snaps into engagement with the second scroll member such that the first boss is received within the slot of the second scroll member. | 1. A compressor comprising:
a shell assembly defining a chamber; a compression mechanism disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and including a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other, the second scroll member including an externally located slot and a suction inlet; and a conduit including a first end defining an inlet opening and a second end defining an outlet opening, the conduit directing working fluid into the suction inlet, the second end includes a connecting arm having a first boss extending therefrom, the second end snaps into engagement with the second scroll member such that the first boss is received within the slot of the second scroll member. 2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the connecting arm is arcuate. 3. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the connecting arm includes a second boss extending therefrom, and wherein the second boss is received within the slot of the second scroll member when the second end snaps into engagement with the second scroll member. 4. The compressor of claim 3, wherein the first boss and the second boss extend from opposing ends of the connecting arm. 5. The compressor of claim 4, wherein the first boss and the second boss prevent radial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 6. The compressor of claim 4, wherein the conduit includes a plurality of resiliently flexible tabs extending from the connecting arm. 7. The compressor of claim 6, wherein the plurality of resiliently flexible tabs are positioned between the first and second bosses. 8. The compressor of claim 7, wherein the second scroll member includes externally located grooves formed therein, and wherein the resiliently flexible tabs snap into engagement with respective grooves to prevent axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 9. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the conduit includes a resiliently flexible tab extending from the connecting arm. 10. The compressor of claim 9, wherein the second scroll member includes an externally located groove formed therein, and wherein the resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the groove to prevent axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 11. The compressor of claim 10, wherein the second scroll member includes a wall, and wherein the slot is formed in a top surface of the wall and the groove is formed in a lateral surface of the wall. 12. The compressor of claim 11, wherein the second end of the conduit includes a bridge that extends at least partially into the suction inlet and is in engagement with the wall to prevent rotational movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 13. A compressor comprising:
a shell assembly defining a chamber; a compression mechanism disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and including a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other, the second scroll member includes an externally located first groove, an externally located second groove and a suction inlet formed between the first and second grooves; and a conduit including a first end defining an inlet opening and a second end defining an outlet opening, the conduit directing working fluid into the suction inlet, the second end includes a first resiliently flexible tab and a second resiliently flexible tab, the first resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the first groove and the second resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the second groove. 14. The compressor of claim 13, wherein the first and second resiliently flexible tabs prevent axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when the first and second resiliently flexible tabs snap into engagement with the first and second grooves, respectively. 15. The compressor of claim 13, wherein the second scroll member includes a wall, and wherein the first and second grooves are formed in a lateral surface of the wall. 16. The compressor of claim 15, wherein the second end of the conduit includes a bridge that extends at least partially into the suction inlet and is in engagement with the wall to prevent rotational movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 17. The compressor of claim 16, wherein the bridge is positioned between the first and second resiliently flexible tabs. 18. A compressor comprising:
a shell assembly defining a chamber; a compression mechanism disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and including a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other, the second scroll member including an externally located slot, an externally located groove and a suction inlet; and a conduit including a first end defining an inlet opening and a second end defining an outlet opening, the conduit directing working fluid into the suction inlet, the second end includes a boss, a resiliently flexible tab and a bridge, the boss is received within the slot and the bridge is in engagement with the suction inlet when the resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the groove. 19. The compressor of claim 18, wherein the second end includes a connecting arm, and wherein the boss and the resiliently flexible tab extend from the connecting arm. 20. The compressor of claim 19, wherein the connecting arm is arcuate. 21. The compressor of claim 18, wherein the boss prevents radial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when received in the slot, the resiliently flexible tab prevents axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when snapped into engagement with the groove, and the bridge prevents rotational movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when in engagement with the suction inlet. | A compressor that includes a shell assembly, a compression mechanism and a conduit. The shell assembly defines a chamber. The compression mechanism is disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and includes a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other. The second scroll member includes an externally located slot and a suction inlet. The conduit includes a first end that defines an inlet opening and a second end that defines an outlet opening. The second end includes a connecting arm that has a first boss extending therefrom. The second end snaps into engagement with the second scroll member such that the first boss is received within the slot of the second scroll member.1. A compressor comprising:
a shell assembly defining a chamber; a compression mechanism disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and including a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other, the second scroll member including an externally located slot and a suction inlet; and a conduit including a first end defining an inlet opening and a second end defining an outlet opening, the conduit directing working fluid into the suction inlet, the second end includes a connecting arm having a first boss extending therefrom, the second end snaps into engagement with the second scroll member such that the first boss is received within the slot of the second scroll member. 2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the connecting arm is arcuate. 3. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the connecting arm includes a second boss extending therefrom, and wherein the second boss is received within the slot of the second scroll member when the second end snaps into engagement with the second scroll member. 4. The compressor of claim 3, wherein the first boss and the second boss extend from opposing ends of the connecting arm. 5. The compressor of claim 4, wherein the first boss and the second boss prevent radial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 6. The compressor of claim 4, wherein the conduit includes a plurality of resiliently flexible tabs extending from the connecting arm. 7. The compressor of claim 6, wherein the plurality of resiliently flexible tabs are positioned between the first and second bosses. 8. The compressor of claim 7, wherein the second scroll member includes externally located grooves formed therein, and wherein the resiliently flexible tabs snap into engagement with respective grooves to prevent axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 9. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the conduit includes a resiliently flexible tab extending from the connecting arm. 10. The compressor of claim 9, wherein the second scroll member includes an externally located groove formed therein, and wherein the resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the groove to prevent axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 11. The compressor of claim 10, wherein the second scroll member includes a wall, and wherein the slot is formed in a top surface of the wall and the groove is formed in a lateral surface of the wall. 12. The compressor of claim 11, wherein the second end of the conduit includes a bridge that extends at least partially into the suction inlet and is in engagement with the wall to prevent rotational movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 13. A compressor comprising:
a shell assembly defining a chamber; a compression mechanism disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and including a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other, the second scroll member includes an externally located first groove, an externally located second groove and a suction inlet formed between the first and second grooves; and a conduit including a first end defining an inlet opening and a second end defining an outlet opening, the conduit directing working fluid into the suction inlet, the second end includes a first resiliently flexible tab and a second resiliently flexible tab, the first resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the first groove and the second resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the second groove. 14. The compressor of claim 13, wherein the first and second resiliently flexible tabs prevent axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when the first and second resiliently flexible tabs snap into engagement with the first and second grooves, respectively. 15. The compressor of claim 13, wherein the second scroll member includes a wall, and wherein the first and second grooves are formed in a lateral surface of the wall. 16. The compressor of claim 15, wherein the second end of the conduit includes a bridge that extends at least partially into the suction inlet and is in engagement with the wall to prevent rotational movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member. 17. The compressor of claim 16, wherein the bridge is positioned between the first and second resiliently flexible tabs. 18. A compressor comprising:
a shell assembly defining a chamber; a compression mechanism disposed within the chamber of the shell assembly and including a first scroll member and a second scroll member in meshing engagement with each other, the second scroll member including an externally located slot, an externally located groove and a suction inlet; and a conduit including a first end defining an inlet opening and a second end defining an outlet opening, the conduit directing working fluid into the suction inlet, the second end includes a boss, a resiliently flexible tab and a bridge, the boss is received within the slot and the bridge is in engagement with the suction inlet when the resiliently flexible tab snaps into engagement with the groove. 19. The compressor of claim 18, wherein the second end includes a connecting arm, and wherein the boss and the resiliently flexible tab extend from the connecting arm. 20. The compressor of claim 19, wherein the connecting arm is arcuate. 21. The compressor of claim 18, wherein the boss prevents radial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when received in the slot, the resiliently flexible tab prevents axial movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when snapped into engagement with the groove, and the bridge prevents rotational movement of the conduit relative to the second scroll member when in engagement with the suction inlet. | 2,800 |
344,130 | 16,803,621 | 3,653 | A conveyor tunnel oven incorporating a baking case opened by longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal food passage ports; a first conveyor extending through the at least baking case, the first conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item therethrough, a second conveyor supported at the oppositely longitudinal end of the baking case, the second conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item longitudinally toward or away from the food passage port; a third conveyor carried by the second conveyor, the third conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item laterally toward or away from the food passage port; a fourth conveyor carried by the third conveyor, the fourth conveyor being adapted for orbiting the food item; and a fifth conveyor carried by the fourth conveyor, the fifth conveyor having food item engaging arms and being adapted for moving the food item upwardly or downwardly. | 1. A conveyor tunnel oven for baking a food item, the conveyor tunnel oven comprising:
(a) at least a first baking case having upward and downward ends, having lateral and oppositely lateral ends, and having longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal ends, the at least first baking being opened by longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal food passage ports respectively positioned at said longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal ends; (b) a first conveyor extending through the at least first baking case, the first conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item from one of the ports among the longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal food passage ports to the other port among said ports; (c) a second conveyor operatively supported at the oppositely longitudinal end of the at least first baking case, the second conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item longitudinally or oppositely longitudinally with respect to the oppositely longitudinal food passage port; (d) a third conveyor carried by the second conveyor, the third conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item laterally or oppositely laterally with respect to the oppositely longitudinal food passage port; (e) a fourth conveyor carried by the third conveyor, the fourth conveyor extending vertically along an axis and being adapted for carrying the food item orbitally about the axis; and (f) a fifth conveyor carried by the fourth conveyor, the fifth conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item upwardly or downwardly with respect to the oppositely longitudinal food passage port. 2. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 1 comprising a plurality of second baking cases underlying the at least first baking case, each second baking case being opened by oppositely longitudinal and longitudinal food passage ports, and further comprising a plurality of sixth conveyors, each sixth conveyor extending through one of the second baking cases, said each sixth conveyor being adapted for alternatively carrying the food item within the one of the second baking cases. 3. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 2 wherein the first conveyor and each sixth conveyor comprises a wire grate belt. 4. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 3 wherein the second conveyor comprises a first carriage. 5. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 4 wherein the third conveyor comprises a second carriage. 6. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 5 wherein the fourth conveyor's vertical extension comprises a shaft having an upper end mounted rotatably upon the second carriage. 7. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 6 wherein the fifth conveyor comprises a third carriage supporting at least a first arm, the third carriage being movably mounted upon the vertical shaft. 8. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 7 further comprising a plurality of linear motion actuators, each linear motion actuator being connected operatively to a conveyor component selected from the group consisting of the first carriage, the second carriage, and the third carriage. 9. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 8 further comprising a plurality of roller and roller track combinations, each such combination being mounted operatively to a conveyor component selected from the group consisting of the first carriage, the second carriage, and third carriage. 10. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of stepper or servo motors, each motor among the plurality of stepper or servo motors being connected operatively to the shaft or to one of the linear motion actuators. 11. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 10 further comprising a programmable digital control unit operatively communicating with the stepper or servo motors. 12. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 1 further comprising a pair of cantilevering beams, said beams providing the operative support of the second conveyor. 13. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 8 wherein each linear motion actuator comprises a drive mechanism selected from the group consisting of chain drives, belt drives, ball screw actuators, jack screw actuators, and rack and pinion gear drives. 14. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 7 further comprising a second arm fixedly attached to the third carriage. 15. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 14 further comprising a plurality of tipping lugs, each such lug being fixedly attached to an oppositely longitudinal end of a conveyor selected from the group consisting of the first conveyor and the sixth conveyors. | A conveyor tunnel oven incorporating a baking case opened by longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal food passage ports; a first conveyor extending through the at least baking case, the first conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item therethrough, a second conveyor supported at the oppositely longitudinal end of the baking case, the second conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item longitudinally toward or away from the food passage port; a third conveyor carried by the second conveyor, the third conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item laterally toward or away from the food passage port; a fourth conveyor carried by the third conveyor, the fourth conveyor being adapted for orbiting the food item; and a fifth conveyor carried by the fourth conveyor, the fifth conveyor having food item engaging arms and being adapted for moving the food item upwardly or downwardly.1. A conveyor tunnel oven for baking a food item, the conveyor tunnel oven comprising:
(a) at least a first baking case having upward and downward ends, having lateral and oppositely lateral ends, and having longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal ends, the at least first baking being opened by longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal food passage ports respectively positioned at said longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal ends; (b) a first conveyor extending through the at least first baking case, the first conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item from one of the ports among the longitudinal and oppositely longitudinal food passage ports to the other port among said ports; (c) a second conveyor operatively supported at the oppositely longitudinal end of the at least first baking case, the second conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item longitudinally or oppositely longitudinally with respect to the oppositely longitudinal food passage port; (d) a third conveyor carried by the second conveyor, the third conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item laterally or oppositely laterally with respect to the oppositely longitudinal food passage port; (e) a fourth conveyor carried by the third conveyor, the fourth conveyor extending vertically along an axis and being adapted for carrying the food item orbitally about the axis; and (f) a fifth conveyor carried by the fourth conveyor, the fifth conveyor being adapted for carrying the food item upwardly or downwardly with respect to the oppositely longitudinal food passage port. 2. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 1 comprising a plurality of second baking cases underlying the at least first baking case, each second baking case being opened by oppositely longitudinal and longitudinal food passage ports, and further comprising a plurality of sixth conveyors, each sixth conveyor extending through one of the second baking cases, said each sixth conveyor being adapted for alternatively carrying the food item within the one of the second baking cases. 3. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 2 wherein the first conveyor and each sixth conveyor comprises a wire grate belt. 4. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 3 wherein the second conveyor comprises a first carriage. 5. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 4 wherein the third conveyor comprises a second carriage. 6. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 5 wherein the fourth conveyor's vertical extension comprises a shaft having an upper end mounted rotatably upon the second carriage. 7. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 6 wherein the fifth conveyor comprises a third carriage supporting at least a first arm, the third carriage being movably mounted upon the vertical shaft. 8. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 7 further comprising a plurality of linear motion actuators, each linear motion actuator being connected operatively to a conveyor component selected from the group consisting of the first carriage, the second carriage, and the third carriage. 9. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 8 further comprising a plurality of roller and roller track combinations, each such combination being mounted operatively to a conveyor component selected from the group consisting of the first carriage, the second carriage, and third carriage. 10. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of stepper or servo motors, each motor among the plurality of stepper or servo motors being connected operatively to the shaft or to one of the linear motion actuators. 11. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 10 further comprising a programmable digital control unit operatively communicating with the stepper or servo motors. 12. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 1 further comprising a pair of cantilevering beams, said beams providing the operative support of the second conveyor. 13. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 8 wherein each linear motion actuator comprises a drive mechanism selected from the group consisting of chain drives, belt drives, ball screw actuators, jack screw actuators, and rack and pinion gear drives. 14. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 7 further comprising a second arm fixedly attached to the third carriage. 15. The conveyor tunnel oven of claim 14 further comprising a plurality of tipping lugs, each such lug being fixedly attached to an oppositely longitudinal end of a conveyor selected from the group consisting of the first conveyor and the sixth conveyors. | 3,600 |
344,131 | 16,803,605 | 3,653 | An electronic device includes a moving body, first and second sensors, and a processor. The first sensor detects the moving body passing a reference position while moving along a first axis. The second sensor outputs a second phase signal of a second phase according to the moving body moving along the first axis, wherein the second phase is shifted from a first phase. In a setting mode, the processor stores information data indicating a level of the second phase signal at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position. In an operation control mode, the processor sets, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a moving body that moves along a first axis; a first sensor that detects the moving body passing a reference position while moving along the first axis; a second sensor that outputs a second phase signal of a second phase according to the moving body moving along the first axis, wherein the second phase is shifted from a first phase; and a processor that:
in a setting mode, stores information data indicating a level of the second phase signal at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position; and
in an operation control mode, sets, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the second phase signal has a phase difference of substantially 90 degrees from a first phase signal of the first phase. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the second sensor includes a first phase sensor that outputs a first phase signal of the first phase and a second phase sensor that outputs the second phase signal, wherein the setting mode includes a first setting mode and a second setting mode, and the operation control mode includes a first operation control mode and a second operation control mode, and wherein the processor:
in the first setting mode, stores information data indicating a level of the second phase signal of the second phase sensor at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in a first direction along the first axis;
in the first operation control mode, sets, as a position pertaining to a first origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal of the second phase sensor switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the first setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in the first direction;
in the second setting mode, stores information data indicating a level of the first phase signal of the first phase sensor at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction along the first axis; and
in the second operation control mode, sets, as a position pertaining to a second origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the second phase after the first phase signal of the first phase sensor switches from a level identical with the level of the first phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the second setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in the second direction. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the moving body has an inkjet head that moves along the first axis and a direction that intersects with the first axis, and wherein the electronic device proceeds to the setting mode in response to replacement of an ink cartridge or starting-up of the electronic device. 5. An operation method comprising:
in a setting mode, storing information data indicating a level of a second phase signal of a second phase at a time when a first sensor detects a reference position that a moving body passes while moving along a first axis, wherein a second sensor outputs the second phase signal according to the moving body moving along the first axis, and the second phase is shifted from a first phase; and in an operation control mode, setting, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. 6. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program of a system, wherein the program is configured to allow a computer in an electronic device to:
in a setting mode, store information data indicating a level of a second phase signal of a second phase at a time when a first sensor detects a reference position that a moving body passes while moving along a first axis, wherein a second sensor outputs the second phase signal according to the moving body moving along the first axis, and the second phase is shifted from a first phase; and in an operation control mode, set, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. | An electronic device includes a moving body, first and second sensors, and a processor. The first sensor detects the moving body passing a reference position while moving along a first axis. The second sensor outputs a second phase signal of a second phase according to the moving body moving along the first axis, wherein the second phase is shifted from a first phase. In a setting mode, the processor stores information data indicating a level of the second phase signal at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position. In an operation control mode, the processor sets, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position.1. An electronic device comprising:
a moving body that moves along a first axis; a first sensor that detects the moving body passing a reference position while moving along the first axis; a second sensor that outputs a second phase signal of a second phase according to the moving body moving along the first axis, wherein the second phase is shifted from a first phase; and a processor that:
in a setting mode, stores information data indicating a level of the second phase signal at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position; and
in an operation control mode, sets, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the second phase signal has a phase difference of substantially 90 degrees from a first phase signal of the first phase. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the second sensor includes a first phase sensor that outputs a first phase signal of the first phase and a second phase sensor that outputs the second phase signal, wherein the setting mode includes a first setting mode and a second setting mode, and the operation control mode includes a first operation control mode and a second operation control mode, and wherein the processor:
in the first setting mode, stores information data indicating a level of the second phase signal of the second phase sensor at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in a first direction along the first axis;
in the first operation control mode, sets, as a position pertaining to a first origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal of the second phase sensor switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the first setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in the first direction;
in the second setting mode, stores information data indicating a level of the first phase signal of the first phase sensor at a time when the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction along the first axis; and
in the second operation control mode, sets, as a position pertaining to a second origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the second phase after the first phase signal of the first phase sensor switches from a level identical with the level of the first phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the second setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position while the moving body is moving in the second direction. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the moving body has an inkjet head that moves along the first axis and a direction that intersects with the first axis, and wherein the electronic device proceeds to the setting mode in response to replacement of an ink cartridge or starting-up of the electronic device. 5. An operation method comprising:
in a setting mode, storing information data indicating a level of a second phase signal of a second phase at a time when a first sensor detects a reference position that a moving body passes while moving along a first axis, wherein a second sensor outputs the second phase signal according to the moving body moving along the first axis, and the second phase is shifted from a first phase; and in an operation control mode, setting, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. 6. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program of a system, wherein the program is configured to allow a computer in an electronic device to:
in a setting mode, store information data indicating a level of a second phase signal of a second phase at a time when a first sensor detects a reference position that a moving body passes while moving along a first axis, wherein a second sensor outputs the second phase signal according to the moving body moving along the first axis, and the second phase is shifted from a first phase; and in an operation control mode, set, as a position pertaining to an origin on the first axis, a position of an earliest edge of the first phase after the second phase signal switches from a level identical with the level of the second phase signal indicated by the information data stored in the setting mode to a different level after the first sensor detects the reference position. | 3,600 |
344,132 | 16,803,623 | 2,117 | A system for controlling heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning equipment includes a thermostat unit configured control the HVAC equipment and operate in at least one of a first operational state or a second, power-saving state, and a server comprising one or more processors. The processors are configured to receive one or more messages indicating changes to parameters of the thermostat unit, store the one or more messages in a storage table, receive a query from the thermostat unit responsive to the thermostat unit transitioning to the second state, the query indicating parameters of the thermostat unit and a state of the thermostat unit, retrieve, responsive to the query, a first one of the one or more message from the storage table, generate a first message based on the first one of the one or more messages and the query, and transmit the first message to the thermostat unit. | 1. A system for controlling heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, the system comprising:
a thermostat unit configured control the HVAC equipment and operate in at least one of a first state or a second state, wherein the first state is a power-saving state and the second state is an operational state; and a server comprising one or more processors configured to:
receive, from a remote device, one or more messages while the thermostat unit is in the first state;
store the one or more messages in a storage table;
receive a query from the thermostat unit responsive to the thermostat unit transitioning to the second state, the query indicating parameters of the thermostat unit and a state of the thermostat unit;
retrieve, responsive to the query, a first one of the one or more messages from the storage table;
generate a first message based on the first one of the one or more messages and the query; and
transmit the first message to the thermostat unit. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to receive a user input indicating a change to a parameter of the thermostat unit while the thermostat unit is in the first state, and wherein the query further indicates the user input. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein generating the first message further comprises:
determining whether a change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input received by the thermostat unit are the same; and merging the first one of the one or more messages and the user input based on a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are not the same. 4. The system of claim 3, the one or more processors further configured to:
retrieve, responsive to a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are the same, a second one of the one or more message from the storage table; and generate the first message based on the second one of the one or more messages and the query. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the thermostat unit is further configured to control the HVAC equipment according to the second message. 6. The system of claim 1, the one or more processors further configured to receive, from a user device, an operating schedule for the thermostat unit, wherein the thermostat unit is further configured to transition to the second state according to the operating schedule. 7. The system of claim 1, the one or more processors further configured to transmit, to the thermostat unit, an indication of a remaining number of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to enter the first state responsive to an indication that there are no remaining messages of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages are stored in the storage table with a timestamp that indicates when each of the one or more messages was received. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the server is a cloud based server and the server receives and transmits data in according to hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS). 11. A method of controlling heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, the method comprising:
receiving, from a remote device, one or more messages indicating changes to parameters of a thermostat unit associated with the HVAC equipment while the thermostat unit is in a power-saving state; storing the one or more messages in a storage table; receiving a query from the thermostat unit responsive to the thermostat unit transitioning to an operational state, the query indicating parameters of the thermostat unit; retrieving, responsive to the query, a first one of the one or more messages from the storage table; and transmitting a first message based on the first one of the one or more messages and the query to the thermostat unit. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to receive a user input indicating a change to a parameter of the thermostat unit while the thermostat unit is in the power-saving state, and wherein the query further indicates the user input. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining whether a change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input received by the thermostat unit are the same; and merging the first one of the one or more messages and the user input based on a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are not the same. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising retrieving, responsive to a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are the same, a second one of the one or more message from the storage table, wherein the first message is based on the second one of the one or more messages and the query. 15. The method of claim 11, the thermostat unit configured to control the HVAC equipment, the method further comprising controlling, by the thermostat unit, the HVAC equipment based on the first message. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, from a user device, an operating schedule for the thermostat unit, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to transition to the operational state from a power-saving state according to the operating schedule. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting, to the thermostat unit, an indication of a remaining number of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to enter a power-saving state responsive to an indication that there are no remaining messages of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more messages are stored in the storage table with a timestamp that indicates when each of the one or more messages was received. 20. A thermostat unit capable of communicating with one or more servers, the thermostat unit comprising:
electronics configured to:
receive, from a remote device, a change to a parameter of a thermostat unit while the thermostat unit is in a first mode, wherein the first mode is a power-saving mode;
transmit a query to the server responsive to the thermostat entering a second mode, wherein the second mode is an operational mode;
control heating, ventilation, or air conditioning equipment based on a first message from the server, the first message comprising the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit;
determine a remaining number of messages stored on the server to be received; and
enter the first mode responsive to an indication that there are no messages to be received. | A system for controlling heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning equipment includes a thermostat unit configured control the HVAC equipment and operate in at least one of a first operational state or a second, power-saving state, and a server comprising one or more processors. The processors are configured to receive one or more messages indicating changes to parameters of the thermostat unit, store the one or more messages in a storage table, receive a query from the thermostat unit responsive to the thermostat unit transitioning to the second state, the query indicating parameters of the thermostat unit and a state of the thermostat unit, retrieve, responsive to the query, a first one of the one or more message from the storage table, generate a first message based on the first one of the one or more messages and the query, and transmit the first message to the thermostat unit.1. A system for controlling heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, the system comprising:
a thermostat unit configured control the HVAC equipment and operate in at least one of a first state or a second state, wherein the first state is a power-saving state and the second state is an operational state; and a server comprising one or more processors configured to:
receive, from a remote device, one or more messages while the thermostat unit is in the first state;
store the one or more messages in a storage table;
receive a query from the thermostat unit responsive to the thermostat unit transitioning to the second state, the query indicating parameters of the thermostat unit and a state of the thermostat unit;
retrieve, responsive to the query, a first one of the one or more messages from the storage table;
generate a first message based on the first one of the one or more messages and the query; and
transmit the first message to the thermostat unit. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to receive a user input indicating a change to a parameter of the thermostat unit while the thermostat unit is in the first state, and wherein the query further indicates the user input. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein generating the first message further comprises:
determining whether a change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input received by the thermostat unit are the same; and merging the first one of the one or more messages and the user input based on a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are not the same. 4. The system of claim 3, the one or more processors further configured to:
retrieve, responsive to a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are the same, a second one of the one or more message from the storage table; and generate the first message based on the second one of the one or more messages and the query. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the thermostat unit is further configured to control the HVAC equipment according to the second message. 6. The system of claim 1, the one or more processors further configured to receive, from a user device, an operating schedule for the thermostat unit, wherein the thermostat unit is further configured to transition to the second state according to the operating schedule. 7. The system of claim 1, the one or more processors further configured to transmit, to the thermostat unit, an indication of a remaining number of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to enter the first state responsive to an indication that there are no remaining messages of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages are stored in the storage table with a timestamp that indicates when each of the one or more messages was received. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the server is a cloud based server and the server receives and transmits data in according to hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS). 11. A method of controlling heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, the method comprising:
receiving, from a remote device, one or more messages indicating changes to parameters of a thermostat unit associated with the HVAC equipment while the thermostat unit is in a power-saving state; storing the one or more messages in a storage table; receiving a query from the thermostat unit responsive to the thermostat unit transitioning to an operational state, the query indicating parameters of the thermostat unit; retrieving, responsive to the query, a first one of the one or more messages from the storage table; and transmitting a first message based on the first one of the one or more messages and the query to the thermostat unit. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to receive a user input indicating a change to a parameter of the thermostat unit while the thermostat unit is in the power-saving state, and wherein the query further indicates the user input. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining whether a change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input received by the thermostat unit are the same; and merging the first one of the one or more messages and the user input based on a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are not the same. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising retrieving, responsive to a determination that the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit associated with the first one of the one or more messages and the user input are the same, a second one of the one or more message from the storage table, wherein the first message is based on the second one of the one or more messages and the query. 15. The method of claim 11, the thermostat unit configured to control the HVAC equipment, the method further comprising controlling, by the thermostat unit, the HVAC equipment based on the first message. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, from a user device, an operating schedule for the thermostat unit, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to transition to the operational state from a power-saving state according to the operating schedule. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting, to the thermostat unit, an indication of a remaining number of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the thermostat unit is configured to enter a power-saving state responsive to an indication that there are no remaining messages of the one or more messages stored in the storage table. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more messages are stored in the storage table with a timestamp that indicates when each of the one or more messages was received. 20. A thermostat unit capable of communicating with one or more servers, the thermostat unit comprising:
electronics configured to:
receive, from a remote device, a change to a parameter of a thermostat unit while the thermostat unit is in a first mode, wherein the first mode is a power-saving mode;
transmit a query to the server responsive to the thermostat entering a second mode, wherein the second mode is an operational mode;
control heating, ventilation, or air conditioning equipment based on a first message from the server, the first message comprising the change to the parameter of the thermostat unit;
determine a remaining number of messages stored on the server to be received; and
enter the first mode responsive to an indication that there are no messages to be received. | 2,100 |
344,133 | 16,803,625 | 2,117 | Exemplary embodiments provide systems and methods for contactless card-based credentials. According to one embodiment, in a backend information processing apparatus comprising at least one computer processor, a method for provisioning an authentication credential to an electronic device, may include: (1) receiving, from an electronic device associated with a user, card data for a contactless card, an authorization cryptogram, and a challenge response; (2) authenticating the user based on the authorization cryptogram, the card data, and the challenge response; (3) generating and sending a response cryptogram to the electronic device; (4) returning a cardholder account to the electronic device; (5) wherein the electronic device generates a public/private key pair for the electronic device, an online service, and the cardholder account; and (6) wherein the electronic device persists the public/private key pair in secure storage thereon. | 1. A method for provisioning an authentication credential to an electronic device, comprising:
in a backend information processing apparatus comprising at least one computer processor:
receiving, from an electronic device associated with a user, card data for a contactless card, an authorization cryptogram, and a challenge response;
authenticating the user based on the authorization cryptogram, the card data, and the challenge response;
generating and sending a response cryptogram to the electronic device;
returning a cardholder account to the electronic device;
wherein the electronic device generates a public/private key pair for the electronic device, an online service, and the cardholder account; and
wherein the electronic device persists the public/private key pair in secure storage thereon. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the contactless card is a NFC-enabled card. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the challenge comprises a PIN. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic device communicates the public key to the online service, and the online service stores the public key. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the authorization cryptogram comprises an authorization request cryptogram, and the response cryptogram comprises an authorization response cryptogram. 6. A method for provisioning an authentication credential to a mobile electronic device, comprising:
in a mobile electronic device associated with a user comprising at least one computer processor:
receiving card data for a contactless card;
generating an authorization cryptogram for the card data;
prompting the user for a challenge response;
receiving the challenge response from the user;
communicating the card data, the authorization cryptogram, and the challenge response to a financial institution backend;
receiving, from the financial institution backend, a response cryptogram;
generating a public/private key pair for the electronic device, an online service, and the cardholder account; and
persisting the public/private key pair in secure storage. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the contactless card is a NFC-enabled card. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the challenge comprises a PIN. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising communicating the public key to the online service;
wherein the online service stores the public key. 10. A method for processing an access request received on a mobile electronic device, comprising:
in a mobile electronic device associated with a user comprising at least one computer processor:
receiving card data for a contactless card;
receiving an authentication credential from secure storage on the mobile electronic device;
communicating an access request comprising the card data and the authentication credential to a backend; and
receiving approval for the access request from the backend;
wherein the backend retrieves stored card data for a contactless card associated with the authentication credential and approves the access request when the card data matches the stored card data. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the card comprises a NFC card. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
prompting the user for a challenge response; and receiving the challenge response from the user; wherein the backend verifies the user based on the card data and the challenge response. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the challenge response comprises a PIN. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises access to an application executed by the mobile electronic device. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises access to an application executed by a second mobile electronic device 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises a request to change a password or passcode for an application or a website. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises a transaction request. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises a login request to a website. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the request is to authenticate a user to a third party. 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the authentication credential comprises a public/private keypair. | Exemplary embodiments provide systems and methods for contactless card-based credentials. According to one embodiment, in a backend information processing apparatus comprising at least one computer processor, a method for provisioning an authentication credential to an electronic device, may include: (1) receiving, from an electronic device associated with a user, card data for a contactless card, an authorization cryptogram, and a challenge response; (2) authenticating the user based on the authorization cryptogram, the card data, and the challenge response; (3) generating and sending a response cryptogram to the electronic device; (4) returning a cardholder account to the electronic device; (5) wherein the electronic device generates a public/private key pair for the electronic device, an online service, and the cardholder account; and (6) wherein the electronic device persists the public/private key pair in secure storage thereon.1. A method for provisioning an authentication credential to an electronic device, comprising:
in a backend information processing apparatus comprising at least one computer processor:
receiving, from an electronic device associated with a user, card data for a contactless card, an authorization cryptogram, and a challenge response;
authenticating the user based on the authorization cryptogram, the card data, and the challenge response;
generating and sending a response cryptogram to the electronic device;
returning a cardholder account to the electronic device;
wherein the electronic device generates a public/private key pair for the electronic device, an online service, and the cardholder account; and
wherein the electronic device persists the public/private key pair in secure storage thereon. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the contactless card is a NFC-enabled card. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the challenge comprises a PIN. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic device communicates the public key to the online service, and the online service stores the public key. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the authorization cryptogram comprises an authorization request cryptogram, and the response cryptogram comprises an authorization response cryptogram. 6. A method for provisioning an authentication credential to a mobile electronic device, comprising:
in a mobile electronic device associated with a user comprising at least one computer processor:
receiving card data for a contactless card;
generating an authorization cryptogram for the card data;
prompting the user for a challenge response;
receiving the challenge response from the user;
communicating the card data, the authorization cryptogram, and the challenge response to a financial institution backend;
receiving, from the financial institution backend, a response cryptogram;
generating a public/private key pair for the electronic device, an online service, and the cardholder account; and
persisting the public/private key pair in secure storage. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the contactless card is a NFC-enabled card. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the challenge comprises a PIN. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising communicating the public key to the online service;
wherein the online service stores the public key. 10. A method for processing an access request received on a mobile electronic device, comprising:
in a mobile electronic device associated with a user comprising at least one computer processor:
receiving card data for a contactless card;
receiving an authentication credential from secure storage on the mobile electronic device;
communicating an access request comprising the card data and the authentication credential to a backend; and
receiving approval for the access request from the backend;
wherein the backend retrieves stored card data for a contactless card associated with the authentication credential and approves the access request when the card data matches the stored card data. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the card comprises a NFC card. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
prompting the user for a challenge response; and receiving the challenge response from the user; wherein the backend verifies the user based on the card data and the challenge response. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the challenge response comprises a PIN. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises access to an application executed by the mobile electronic device. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises access to an application executed by a second mobile electronic device 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises a request to change a password or passcode for an application or a website. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises a transaction request. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the access request comprises a login request to a website. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the request is to authenticate a user to a third party. 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the authentication credential comprises a public/private keypair. | 2,100 |
344,134 | 16,803,510 | 2,117 | This disclosure relates to account management. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a permission query message from a service system. Verification information is obtained from a first client based on the permission query message. The verification information is associated with an identity of the current user. In response to determining that the verification information is valid, proxy permission information for the current user is obtained from a blockchain. The proxy permission information includes at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account. The proxy permission information is sent to the service system. The proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. | 1. A computer-implemented method for account management, the method comprising:
receiving a permission query message from a service system, wherein the service system sends the permission query message to query operation permission of a current user for an enterprise account registered with the service system in response to the current user performing a service operation based on the enterprise account; obtaining verification information from a first client based on the permission query message, wherein the first client is installed on a first end-user device of the current user, and the verification information is associated with an identity of the current user; determining that the verification information is valid; in response to determining that the verification information is valid, obtaining, from a blockchain, proxy permission information for the current user, wherein the proxy permission information for the current user comprises at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account, and wherein operation permission indicated by the operation permission information is specified by an administrator of the enterprise account; and sending the proxy permission information to the service system, the proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the verification information comprises an authorization code; and obtaining the verification information from the first client comprises:
sending an authorization instruction to the first client, wherein the authorization instruction requests the authorization code; and
receiving the authorization code from the first client, wherein the authorization code is generated by the first client based on the authorization instruction and a client token. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein, before the receiving the authorization code from the first client, the method further comprises:
receiving, from the first client, a token request message for requesting the client token; obtaining identity information of the current user from the first client based on the token request message; determining, based on the identity information of the current user, that the current user is one of a plurality of authorized users for the enterprise account, wherein information about the authorized users is obtained from the blockchain; generating the client token; and sending the client token to the first client. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein generating the client token comprises generating the client token using a digital signature function based on a private key, the identity information of the current user, and a random number. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein before the receiving the permission query message from the service system, the method further comprises:
obtaining initialization information when an initialization request for the administrator is received from a second client, wherein the second client is installed on a second end-user device of the administrator, and the initialization information comprises personal information of the administrator, device information of the second end-user device of the administrator, and information about an enterprise associated with the enterprise account; determining whether the initialization information is valid; obtaining identity information of the administrator from the second client in response to determining that the initialization information is valid; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify an identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, determining a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate is used to prove authenticity of the administrator and the enterprise; and sending the digital certificate to the second client. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein, after the sending the digital certificate to the second client, the method further comprises:
receiving authorization management information from the service system, wherein the authorization management information comprises the operation permission information and an identifier of the service system; obtaining personal information of the current user from the second client based on the authorization management information, wherein the personal information of the current user is input by the administrator; obtaining the identity information of the administrator from the second client; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify the identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, obtaining signature information for digest information from the second client, wherein the digest information is generated based on at least the operation permission information and the personal information of the current user, and the signature information is generated by the second client based on the digital certificate; generating the proxy permission information, wherein the proxy permission information comprises at least the operation permission information, the personal information of the current user, the digest information, and the signature information; and uploading the proxy permission information to the blockchain. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a permission query message from a service system, wherein the service system sends the permission query message to query operation permission of a current user for an enterprise account registered with the service system in response to the current user performing a service operation based on the enterprise account; obtaining verification information from a first client based on the permission query message, wherein the first client is installed on a first end-user device of the current user, and the verification information is associated with an identity of the current user; determining that the verification information is valid; in response to determining that the verification information is valid, obtaining, from a blockchain, proxy permission information for the current user, wherein the proxy permission information for the current user comprises at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account, and wherein operation permission indicated by the operation permission information is specified by an administrator of the enterprise account; and sending the proxy permission information to the service system, the proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. 8. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein:
the verification information comprises an authorization code; and obtaining the verification information from the first client comprises:
sending an authorization instruction to the first client, wherein the authorization instruction requests the authorization code; and
receiving the authorization code from the first client, wherein the authorization code is generated by the first client based on the authorization instruction and a client token. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein, before the receiving the authorization code from the first client, the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the first client, a token request message for requesting the client token; obtaining identity information of the current user from the first client based on the token request message; determining, based on the identity information of the current user, that the current user is one of a plurality of authorized users for the enterprise account, wherein information about the authorized users is obtained from the blockchain; generating the client token; and sending the client token to the first client. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein generating the client token comprises generating the client token using a digital signature function based on a private key, the identity information of the current user, and a random number. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein before the receiving the permission query message from the service system, the operations further comprise:
obtaining initialization information when an initialization request for the administrator is received from a second client, wherein the second client is installed on a second end-user device of the administrator, and the initialization information comprises personal information of the administrator, device information of the second end-user device of the administrator, and information about an enterprise associated with the enterprise account; determining whether the initialization information is valid; obtaining identity information of the administrator from the second client in response to determining that the initialization information is valid; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify an identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, determining a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate is used to prove authenticity of the administrator and the enterprise; and sending the digital certificate to the second client. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein, after the sending the digital certificate to the second client, the operations further comprise:
receiving authorization management information from the service system, wherein the authorization management information comprises the operation permission information and an identifier of the service system; obtaining personal information of the current user from the second client based on the authorization management information, wherein the personal information of the current user is input by the administrator; obtaining the identity information of the administrator from the second client; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify the identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, obtaining signature information for digest information from the second client, wherein the digest information is generated based on at least the operation permission information and the personal information of the current user, and the signature information is generated by the second client based on the digital certificate; generating the proxy permission information, wherein the proxy permission information comprises at least the operation permission information, the personal information of the current user, the digest information, and the signature information; and uploading the proxy permission information to the blockchain. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving a permission query message from a service system, wherein the service system sends the permission query message to query operation permission of a current user for an enterprise account registered with the service system in response to the current user performing a service operation based on the enterprise account;
obtaining verification information from a first client based on the permission query message, wherein the first client is installed on a first end-user device of the current user, and the verification information is associated with an identity of the current user;
determining that the verification information is valid;
in response to determining that the verification information is valid, obtaining, from a blockchain, proxy permission information for the current user, wherein the proxy permission information for the current user comprises at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account, and wherein operation permission indicated by the operation permission information is specified by an administrator of the enterprise account; and
sending the proxy permission information to the service system, the proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein:
the verification information comprises an authorization code; and obtaining the verification information from the first client comprises:
sending an authorization instruction to the first client, wherein the authorization instruction requests the authorization code; and
receiving the authorization code from the first client, wherein the authorization code is generated by the first client based on the authorization instruction and a client token. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein, before the receiving the authorization code from the first client, the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the first client, a token request message for requesting the client token; obtaining identity information of the current user from the first client based on the token request message; determining, based on the identity information of the current user, that the current user is one of a plurality of authorized users for the enterprise account, wherein information about the authorized users is obtained from the blockchain; generating the client token; and sending the client token to the first client. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein generating the client token comprises generating the client token using a digital signature function based on a private key, the identity information of the current user, and a random number. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein before the receiving the permission query message from the service system, the operations further comprise:
obtaining initialization information when an initialization request for the administrator is received from a second client, wherein the second client is installed on a second end-user device of the administrator, and the initialization information comprises personal information of the administrator, device information of the second end-user device of the administrator, and information about an enterprise associated with the enterprise account; determining whether the initialization information is valid; obtaining identity information of the administrator from the second client in response to determining that the initialization information is valid; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify an identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, determining a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate is used to prove authenticity of the administrator and the enterprise; and sending the digital certificate to the second client. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein, after the sending the digital certificate to the second client, the operations further comprise:
receiving authorization management information from the service system, wherein the authorization management information comprises the operation permission information and an identifier of the service system; obtaining personal information of the current user from the second client based on the authorization management information, wherein the personal information of the current user is input by the administrator; obtaining the identity information of the administrator from the second client; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify the identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, obtaining signature information for digest information from the second client, wherein the digest information is generated based on at least the operation permission information and the personal information of the current user, and the signature information is generated by the second client based on the digital certificate; generating the proxy permission information, wherein the proxy permission information comprises at least the operation permission information, the personal information of the current user, the digest information, and the signature information; and uploading the proxy permission information to the blockchain. | This disclosure relates to account management. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a permission query message from a service system. Verification information is obtained from a first client based on the permission query message. The verification information is associated with an identity of the current user. In response to determining that the verification information is valid, proxy permission information for the current user is obtained from a blockchain. The proxy permission information includes at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account. The proxy permission information is sent to the service system. The proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account.1. A computer-implemented method for account management, the method comprising:
receiving a permission query message from a service system, wherein the service system sends the permission query message to query operation permission of a current user for an enterprise account registered with the service system in response to the current user performing a service operation based on the enterprise account; obtaining verification information from a first client based on the permission query message, wherein the first client is installed on a first end-user device of the current user, and the verification information is associated with an identity of the current user; determining that the verification information is valid; in response to determining that the verification information is valid, obtaining, from a blockchain, proxy permission information for the current user, wherein the proxy permission information for the current user comprises at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account, and wherein operation permission indicated by the operation permission information is specified by an administrator of the enterprise account; and sending the proxy permission information to the service system, the proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the verification information comprises an authorization code; and obtaining the verification information from the first client comprises:
sending an authorization instruction to the first client, wherein the authorization instruction requests the authorization code; and
receiving the authorization code from the first client, wherein the authorization code is generated by the first client based on the authorization instruction and a client token. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein, before the receiving the authorization code from the first client, the method further comprises:
receiving, from the first client, a token request message for requesting the client token; obtaining identity information of the current user from the first client based on the token request message; determining, based on the identity information of the current user, that the current user is one of a plurality of authorized users for the enterprise account, wherein information about the authorized users is obtained from the blockchain; generating the client token; and sending the client token to the first client. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein generating the client token comprises generating the client token using a digital signature function based on a private key, the identity information of the current user, and a random number. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein before the receiving the permission query message from the service system, the method further comprises:
obtaining initialization information when an initialization request for the administrator is received from a second client, wherein the second client is installed on a second end-user device of the administrator, and the initialization information comprises personal information of the administrator, device information of the second end-user device of the administrator, and information about an enterprise associated with the enterprise account; determining whether the initialization information is valid; obtaining identity information of the administrator from the second client in response to determining that the initialization information is valid; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify an identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, determining a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate is used to prove authenticity of the administrator and the enterprise; and sending the digital certificate to the second client. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein, after the sending the digital certificate to the second client, the method further comprises:
receiving authorization management information from the service system, wherein the authorization management information comprises the operation permission information and an identifier of the service system; obtaining personal information of the current user from the second client based on the authorization management information, wherein the personal information of the current user is input by the administrator; obtaining the identity information of the administrator from the second client; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify the identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, obtaining signature information for digest information from the second client, wherein the digest information is generated based on at least the operation permission information and the personal information of the current user, and the signature information is generated by the second client based on the digital certificate; generating the proxy permission information, wherein the proxy permission information comprises at least the operation permission information, the personal information of the current user, the digest information, and the signature information; and uploading the proxy permission information to the blockchain. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a permission query message from a service system, wherein the service system sends the permission query message to query operation permission of a current user for an enterprise account registered with the service system in response to the current user performing a service operation based on the enterprise account; obtaining verification information from a first client based on the permission query message, wherein the first client is installed on a first end-user device of the current user, and the verification information is associated with an identity of the current user; determining that the verification information is valid; in response to determining that the verification information is valid, obtaining, from a blockchain, proxy permission information for the current user, wherein the proxy permission information for the current user comprises at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account, and wherein operation permission indicated by the operation permission information is specified by an administrator of the enterprise account; and sending the proxy permission information to the service system, the proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. 8. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein:
the verification information comprises an authorization code; and obtaining the verification information from the first client comprises:
sending an authorization instruction to the first client, wherein the authorization instruction requests the authorization code; and
receiving the authorization code from the first client, wherein the authorization code is generated by the first client based on the authorization instruction and a client token. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein, before the receiving the authorization code from the first client, the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the first client, a token request message for requesting the client token; obtaining identity information of the current user from the first client based on the token request message; determining, based on the identity information of the current user, that the current user is one of a plurality of authorized users for the enterprise account, wherein information about the authorized users is obtained from the blockchain; generating the client token; and sending the client token to the first client. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein generating the client token comprises generating the client token using a digital signature function based on a private key, the identity information of the current user, and a random number. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein before the receiving the permission query message from the service system, the operations further comprise:
obtaining initialization information when an initialization request for the administrator is received from a second client, wherein the second client is installed on a second end-user device of the administrator, and the initialization information comprises personal information of the administrator, device information of the second end-user device of the administrator, and information about an enterprise associated with the enterprise account; determining whether the initialization information is valid; obtaining identity information of the administrator from the second client in response to determining that the initialization information is valid; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify an identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, determining a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate is used to prove authenticity of the administrator and the enterprise; and sending the digital certificate to the second client. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein, after the sending the digital certificate to the second client, the operations further comprise:
receiving authorization management information from the service system, wherein the authorization management information comprises the operation permission information and an identifier of the service system; obtaining personal information of the current user from the second client based on the authorization management information, wherein the personal information of the current user is input by the administrator; obtaining the identity information of the administrator from the second client; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify the identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, obtaining signature information for digest information from the second client, wherein the digest information is generated based on at least the operation permission information and the personal information of the current user, and the signature information is generated by the second client based on the digital certificate; generating the proxy permission information, wherein the proxy permission information comprises at least the operation permission information, the personal information of the current user, the digest information, and the signature information; and uploading the proxy permission information to the blockchain. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving a permission query message from a service system, wherein the service system sends the permission query message to query operation permission of a current user for an enterprise account registered with the service system in response to the current user performing a service operation based on the enterprise account;
obtaining verification information from a first client based on the permission query message, wherein the first client is installed on a first end-user device of the current user, and the verification information is associated with an identity of the current user;
determining that the verification information is valid;
in response to determining that the verification information is valid, obtaining, from a blockchain, proxy permission information for the current user, wherein the proxy permission information for the current user comprises at least operation permission information of the current user for the enterprise account, and wherein operation permission indicated by the operation permission information is specified by an administrator of the enterprise account; and
sending the proxy permission information to the service system, the proxy permission information configured to be usable by the service system to determine whether to authorize the current user to perform an operation on the enterprise account. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein:
the verification information comprises an authorization code; and obtaining the verification information from the first client comprises:
sending an authorization instruction to the first client, wherein the authorization instruction requests the authorization code; and
receiving the authorization code from the first client, wherein the authorization code is generated by the first client based on the authorization instruction and a client token. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein, before the receiving the authorization code from the first client, the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the first client, a token request message for requesting the client token; obtaining identity information of the current user from the first client based on the token request message; determining, based on the identity information of the current user, that the current user is one of a plurality of authorized users for the enterprise account, wherein information about the authorized users is obtained from the blockchain; generating the client token; and sending the client token to the first client. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein generating the client token comprises generating the client token using a digital signature function based on a private key, the identity information of the current user, and a random number. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein before the receiving the permission query message from the service system, the operations further comprise:
obtaining initialization information when an initialization request for the administrator is received from a second client, wherein the second client is installed on a second end-user device of the administrator, and the initialization information comprises personal information of the administrator, device information of the second end-user device of the administrator, and information about an enterprise associated with the enterprise account; determining whether the initialization information is valid; obtaining identity information of the administrator from the second client in response to determining that the initialization information is valid; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify an identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, determining a digital certificate, wherein the digital certificate is used to prove authenticity of the administrator and the enterprise; and sending the digital certificate to the second client. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein, after the sending the digital certificate to the second client, the operations further comprise:
receiving authorization management information from the service system, wherein the authorization management information comprises the operation permission information and an identifier of the service system; obtaining personal information of the current user from the second client based on the authorization management information, wherein the personal information of the current user is input by the administrator; obtaining the identity information of the administrator from the second client; performing identity verification on the administrator based on the identity information of the administrator to verify the identity of the administrator; in response to verifying the identity of the administrator, obtaining signature information for digest information from the second client, wherein the digest information is generated based on at least the operation permission information and the personal information of the current user, and the signature information is generated by the second client based on the digital certificate; generating the proxy permission information, wherein the proxy permission information comprises at least the operation permission information, the personal information of the current user, the digest information, and the signature information; and uploading the proxy permission information to the blockchain. | 2,100 |
344,135 | 16,803,600 | 2,117 | Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for point cloud compression and decompression. In some examples, an apparatus for point cloud compression/decompression includes processing circuitry. For example, the processing circuitry in the apparatus for point cloud encoding receives an occupancy map for a point cloud. The occupancy map is indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud. Then, the processing circuitry devaluates distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block, and encodes the coding block according to the coding option. | 1. A method for point cloud encoding, comprising:
receiving an occupancy map for a point cloud, the occupancy map being indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud; devaluating distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block; and encoding the coding block according to the coding option. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
disregarding the distortions in the background portion of the coding block during the optimization process. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
calculating a cost that is a function of distortions in the foreground portion, and coding rates of the background portion and the foreground portion; and minimizing the cost to determine the coding option for the coding block. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
including a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block into the calculation of the cost when the sub-block includes at least one pixel in the foreground portion of the coding block. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
disregarding a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block in the calculation of the cost when no pixel of the sub-block is in the foreground portion. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the image is one of geometry images. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the image is one of texture images. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
weighting the distortions in the background portion less than distortions in the foreground during the optimization process. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the coding block corresponds to a coding tree unit. 10. An apparatus for point cloud encoding, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to:
receive an occupancy map for a point cloud, the occupancy map being indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud;
devaluate distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block; and
encode the coding block according to the coding option. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
disregard the distortions in the background portion of the coding block during the optimization process. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
calculate a cost that is a function of distortions in the foreground portion, and coding rates of the background portion and the foreground portion; and minimize the cost to determine the coding option for the coding block. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
include a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block into the calculation of the cost when the sub-block includes at least one pixel in the foreground portion of the coding block. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
disregard a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block in the calculation of the cost when no pixel of the sub-block is in the foreground portion. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the image is one of geometry images. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the image is one of texture images. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight the distortions in the background portion less than distortions in the foreground during the optimization process. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the coding block corresponds to a coding tree unit. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer for point cloud encoding cause the computer to perform:
receiving an occupancy map for a point cloud, the occupancy map being indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud; devaluating distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block; and encoding the coding block according to the coding option. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further cause the computer to perform:
disregarding the distortions in the background portion of the coding block during the optimization process. | Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for point cloud compression and decompression. In some examples, an apparatus for point cloud compression/decompression includes processing circuitry. For example, the processing circuitry in the apparatus for point cloud encoding receives an occupancy map for a point cloud. The occupancy map is indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud. Then, the processing circuitry devaluates distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block, and encodes the coding block according to the coding option.1. A method for point cloud encoding, comprising:
receiving an occupancy map for a point cloud, the occupancy map being indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud; devaluating distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block; and encoding the coding block according to the coding option. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
disregarding the distortions in the background portion of the coding block during the optimization process. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
calculating a cost that is a function of distortions in the foreground portion, and coding rates of the background portion and the foreground portion; and minimizing the cost to determine the coding option for the coding block. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
including a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block into the calculation of the cost when the sub-block includes at least one pixel in the foreground portion of the coding block. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
disregarding a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block in the calculation of the cost when no pixel of the sub-block is in the foreground portion. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the image is one of geometry images. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the image is one of texture images. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
weighting the distortions in the background portion less than distortions in the foreground during the optimization process. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the coding block corresponds to a coding tree unit. 10. An apparatus for point cloud encoding, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to:
receive an occupancy map for a point cloud, the occupancy map being indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud;
devaluate distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block; and
encode the coding block according to the coding option. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
disregard the distortions in the background portion of the coding block during the optimization process. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
calculate a cost that is a function of distortions in the foreground portion, and coding rates of the background portion and the foreground portion; and minimize the cost to determine the coding option for the coding block. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
include a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block into the calculation of the cost when the sub-block includes at least one pixel in the foreground portion of the coding block. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
disregard a distortion of a sub-block of the coding block in the calculation of the cost when no pixel of the sub-block is in the foreground portion. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the image is one of geometry images. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the image is one of texture images. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight the distortions in the background portion less than distortions in the foreground during the optimization process. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the coding block corresponds to a coding tree unit. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer for point cloud encoding cause the computer to perform:
receiving an occupancy map for a point cloud, the occupancy map being indicative of a background portion and a foreground portion for a coding block in an image that is generated based on the point cloud; devaluating distortions in the background portion of the coding block during an optimization process that results a coding option for the coding block; and encoding the coding block according to the coding option. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further cause the computer to perform:
disregarding the distortions in the background portion of the coding block during the optimization process. | 2,100 |
344,136 | 16,803,542 | 2,117 | Apparatus, system and method for dispensing a particle-laden fluid from a fluid holding and dispensing micro-feature. In some implementations, the apparatus includes: a chamber having one or more surfaces that define a volume to receive fluid containing particulate matter, and an outlet port to dispense at least a portion of the fluid from the chamber. The outlet port may have a normal vector that, when the apparatus is positioned to dispense the fluid, is substantially perpendicular to gravity. The apparatus may be used to measure a number of individual particles from the fluid that flow through the outlet port over a period of them, measure a total volume of the fluid dispensed through the outlet port over the period of time, and calculate a concentration of the particulate matter within the chamber. In some implementations, the particle-laden fluid may be whole blood. | 1. A method comprising:
injecting a fluid containing particulate matter into a fluidic circuit comprising at least (i) a chamber having one or more surfaces that define a volume to receive the fluid containing particulate matter, wherein the fluid within the chamber includes, at least, a top region, a middle region, and a bottom region that, after at least a threshold time period has elapsed since the fluid is received into the chamber, contain different concentrations of the particulate matter, and (ii) an outlet port located at a position in the chamber that corresponds to the middle region; dispensing a portion of the fluid containing particulate matter from the middle region of the chamber via the outlet port such that the fluid containing particulate matter flows from the chamber and into the outlet port in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to gravity; and stopping, while the top and bottom regions of the chamber still include another portion of the fluid containing particulate matter, the dispensing of the fluid containing particulate matter based on one or more criteria being met. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more criteria being met comprise a particular period of time having elapsed since the fluid containing particulate matter was injected into the fluidic circuit having elapsed, and the particular period of time corresponds to the fluidic circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring, by an analyzer device, a number of individual particles from the fluid that flow through the outlet port over a period of time; measuring, by the analyzer device, a total volume of the fluid dispensed through the outlet port over the period of time; calculating, by the analyzer device, a remaining concentration of the particulate matter within the chamber based at least on (i) the number of individual particles measured as flowing through the outlet port, and (ii) the measured total volume of the fluid dispensed over the period of time; and determining, by the analyzer device, whether the remaining concentration of the particulate matter in the fluid is greater than a threshold concentration for dispensing through the outlet port, wherein the one or more criteria being met comprise the remaining concentration of the particulate matter being greater than the threshold concentration. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the fluid containing particulate matter comprises whole blood, and determining the remaining concentration of the particulate matter within chamber comprises determining a red blood cell concentration within the whole blood in the chamber. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the number of individual particles is measured for fluid contained in the middle region of the fluid in the chamber having a threshold concentration of the particulate matter that is (i) greater than a first threshold concentration of the particulate matter within the top region of the chamber, and (ii) less than a second threshold concentration of the particulate matter within the bottom region. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the number of individual particles is measured using one or more optical detectors that are part of or in communication with the analyzer device. 7. The method of 1, wherein the dispensing comprises:
injecting another fluid into the chamber after injecting the fluid containing particulate matter into the fluidic circuit, wherein the other fluid forces individual particles from among the particulate matter of the fluid to be dispensed through the outlet port. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein injecting the another fluid into the chamber comprises injecting the other fluid into at least one of one or more inlet ports that is connected to the top region of the chamber, wherein the other fluid is less dense than the fluid containing particulate matter. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein injecting the reagent fluid into the chamber comprises injecting the other fluid into at least one of one or more inlet ports that is connected to the bottom region of the chamber, wherein the other fluid is more dense than the fluid containing particulate matter. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the fluid containing particulate matter comprises whole blood, and after at least the threshold time period has elapsed since the whole blood is received into the chamber: the top region contains a plasma supernatant of the whole blood, the middle region contains pristine blood with blood cell concentrations that are within a threshold range of a blood cell concentration of the whole blood when it is initially received into the chamber, and the bottom layer contains a packed cell layer that results from sedimentation over the threshold time period. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
dispensing a portion of the fluid containing particulate matter from the middle region of the chamber via a second outlet port such that the fluid containing particulate matter flows from the chamber and into the second outlet port in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to gravity. | Apparatus, system and method for dispensing a particle-laden fluid from a fluid holding and dispensing micro-feature. In some implementations, the apparatus includes: a chamber having one or more surfaces that define a volume to receive fluid containing particulate matter, and an outlet port to dispense at least a portion of the fluid from the chamber. The outlet port may have a normal vector that, when the apparatus is positioned to dispense the fluid, is substantially perpendicular to gravity. The apparatus may be used to measure a number of individual particles from the fluid that flow through the outlet port over a period of them, measure a total volume of the fluid dispensed through the outlet port over the period of time, and calculate a concentration of the particulate matter within the chamber. In some implementations, the particle-laden fluid may be whole blood.1. A method comprising:
injecting a fluid containing particulate matter into a fluidic circuit comprising at least (i) a chamber having one or more surfaces that define a volume to receive the fluid containing particulate matter, wherein the fluid within the chamber includes, at least, a top region, a middle region, and a bottom region that, after at least a threshold time period has elapsed since the fluid is received into the chamber, contain different concentrations of the particulate matter, and (ii) an outlet port located at a position in the chamber that corresponds to the middle region; dispensing a portion of the fluid containing particulate matter from the middle region of the chamber via the outlet port such that the fluid containing particulate matter flows from the chamber and into the outlet port in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to gravity; and stopping, while the top and bottom regions of the chamber still include another portion of the fluid containing particulate matter, the dispensing of the fluid containing particulate matter based on one or more criteria being met. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more criteria being met comprise a particular period of time having elapsed since the fluid containing particulate matter was injected into the fluidic circuit having elapsed, and the particular period of time corresponds to the fluidic circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring, by an analyzer device, a number of individual particles from the fluid that flow through the outlet port over a period of time; measuring, by the analyzer device, a total volume of the fluid dispensed through the outlet port over the period of time; calculating, by the analyzer device, a remaining concentration of the particulate matter within the chamber based at least on (i) the number of individual particles measured as flowing through the outlet port, and (ii) the measured total volume of the fluid dispensed over the period of time; and determining, by the analyzer device, whether the remaining concentration of the particulate matter in the fluid is greater than a threshold concentration for dispensing through the outlet port, wherein the one or more criteria being met comprise the remaining concentration of the particulate matter being greater than the threshold concentration. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the fluid containing particulate matter comprises whole blood, and determining the remaining concentration of the particulate matter within chamber comprises determining a red blood cell concentration within the whole blood in the chamber. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the number of individual particles is measured for fluid contained in the middle region of the fluid in the chamber having a threshold concentration of the particulate matter that is (i) greater than a first threshold concentration of the particulate matter within the top region of the chamber, and (ii) less than a second threshold concentration of the particulate matter within the bottom region. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the number of individual particles is measured using one or more optical detectors that are part of or in communication with the analyzer device. 7. The method of 1, wherein the dispensing comprises:
injecting another fluid into the chamber after injecting the fluid containing particulate matter into the fluidic circuit, wherein the other fluid forces individual particles from among the particulate matter of the fluid to be dispensed through the outlet port. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein injecting the another fluid into the chamber comprises injecting the other fluid into at least one of one or more inlet ports that is connected to the top region of the chamber, wherein the other fluid is less dense than the fluid containing particulate matter. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein injecting the reagent fluid into the chamber comprises injecting the other fluid into at least one of one or more inlet ports that is connected to the bottom region of the chamber, wherein the other fluid is more dense than the fluid containing particulate matter. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the fluid containing particulate matter comprises whole blood, and after at least the threshold time period has elapsed since the whole blood is received into the chamber: the top region contains a plasma supernatant of the whole blood, the middle region contains pristine blood with blood cell concentrations that are within a threshold range of a blood cell concentration of the whole blood when it is initially received into the chamber, and the bottom layer contains a packed cell layer that results from sedimentation over the threshold time period. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
dispensing a portion of the fluid containing particulate matter from the middle region of the chamber via a second outlet port such that the fluid containing particulate matter flows from the chamber and into the second outlet port in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to gravity. | 2,100 |
344,137 | 16,803,603 | 2,117 | A mobile work machine includes a frame, a material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame, and a control system configured to receive an indication of a detected object, determine a location of the object relative to the material loading system, and generate a control signal that controls the mobile work machine based on the determined location. | 1. A mobile work machine comprising:
a frame; a material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame; and a control system configured to:
receive an indication of a detected object;
determine a location of the object relative to the material loading system; and
generate a control signal that controls the mobile work machine based on the determined location. 2. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the mobile work machine comprises a construction machine. 3. The mobile work machine of claim 2, wherein the construction machine comprises a dump truck. 4. The mobile work machine of claim 2, wherein the material receiving area comprises a bucket. 5. The mobile work machine of claim 4, wherein the construction vehicle comprises one of an excavator or a loader. 6. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the material receiving area comprises a dump body. 7. The mobile work machine of claim 6, wherein the actuator comprises a dumping actuator configured to move the dump body, and the control signal controls the dumping actuator. 8. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the control system comprises:
collision logic configured to receive a commanded movement from an operator and determine whether the commanded movement will result in contact between the material loading system and the detected object; and control logic configured to generate the control signal to prevent the contact between the material loading system and the detected object. 9. The mobile work machine of claim 8, wherein the control signal controls the dumping actuator to limit movement of the material loading system. 10. The mobile work machine of claim 1, and further comprising a set of ground engaging elements movably supported relative to the frame, wherein the control signal controls at least one of a propulsion system or a steering system that controls the set of ground engaging elements. 11. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the control signal controls a user interface mechanism to provide an output to the user, the output indicating the location of the object relative to the material loading system. 12. The mobile work machine of claim 11, wherein the output comprises at least one of:
a display output; an audible output; or a haptic output. 13. The mobile work machine of claim 1, and further comprising:
an object detection system configured to receive a signal from an object detection sensor and to detect the object based on the signal. 14. The mobile work machine of claim 13, wherein the object detection sensor comprises an imaging sensor. 15. The mobile work machine of claim 13, wherein the signal comprises a radio frequency (RF) signal. 16. A computer-implemented method of controlling a mobile work machine, the method comprising:
receiving an indication of a detected object on a worksite; determining a location of the object relative to a material loading system of the mobile work machine, the material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame; and generating a control signal that controls the mobile work machine based on the determined location. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein the mobile work machine comprises a construction machine, and further comprising:
receiving a commanded movement from an operator; determining whether the commanded movement will result in contact between the material loading system and the detected object; and generating the control signal to prevent the contact between the material loading system and the detected object. 18. A control system for a mobile work machine, the control system comprising:
an object detection system configured to:
receive a signal from an object detection sensor and to detect an object based on the signal; and
determine a location of the object relative to a material loading system of the mobile work machine, the material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame;
collision logic configured to receive a commanded movement from an operator and determine whether the commanded movement will result in contact between the material loading system and the detected object; and control logic configured to generate the control signal to prevent the contact between the material loading system and the detected object. 19. The control system of claim 18, wherein the mobile work machine comprises a construction machine. 20. The control system of claim 19, wherein the material receiving area comprises a dump body, and the actuator comprises a dumping actuator configured to move the dump body, and the control signal controls the dumping actuator. | A mobile work machine includes a frame, a material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame, and a control system configured to receive an indication of a detected object, determine a location of the object relative to the material loading system, and generate a control signal that controls the mobile work machine based on the determined location.1. A mobile work machine comprising:
a frame; a material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame; and a control system configured to:
receive an indication of a detected object;
determine a location of the object relative to the material loading system; and
generate a control signal that controls the mobile work machine based on the determined location. 2. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the mobile work machine comprises a construction machine. 3. The mobile work machine of claim 2, wherein the construction machine comprises a dump truck. 4. The mobile work machine of claim 2, wherein the material receiving area comprises a bucket. 5. The mobile work machine of claim 4, wherein the construction vehicle comprises one of an excavator or a loader. 6. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the material receiving area comprises a dump body. 7. The mobile work machine of claim 6, wherein the actuator comprises a dumping actuator configured to move the dump body, and the control signal controls the dumping actuator. 8. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the control system comprises:
collision logic configured to receive a commanded movement from an operator and determine whether the commanded movement will result in contact between the material loading system and the detected object; and control logic configured to generate the control signal to prevent the contact between the material loading system and the detected object. 9. The mobile work machine of claim 8, wherein the control signal controls the dumping actuator to limit movement of the material loading system. 10. The mobile work machine of claim 1, and further comprising a set of ground engaging elements movably supported relative to the frame, wherein the control signal controls at least one of a propulsion system or a steering system that controls the set of ground engaging elements. 11. The mobile work machine of claim 1, wherein the control signal controls a user interface mechanism to provide an output to the user, the output indicating the location of the object relative to the material loading system. 12. The mobile work machine of claim 11, wherein the output comprises at least one of:
a display output; an audible output; or a haptic output. 13. The mobile work machine of claim 1, and further comprising:
an object detection system configured to receive a signal from an object detection sensor and to detect the object based on the signal. 14. The mobile work machine of claim 13, wherein the object detection sensor comprises an imaging sensor. 15. The mobile work machine of claim 13, wherein the signal comprises a radio frequency (RF) signal. 16. A computer-implemented method of controlling a mobile work machine, the method comprising:
receiving an indication of a detected object on a worksite; determining a location of the object relative to a material loading system of the mobile work machine, the material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame; and generating a control signal that controls the mobile work machine based on the determined location. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein the mobile work machine comprises a construction machine, and further comprising:
receiving a commanded movement from an operator; determining whether the commanded movement will result in contact between the material loading system and the detected object; and generating the control signal to prevent the contact between the material loading system and the detected object. 18. A control system for a mobile work machine, the control system comprising:
an object detection system configured to:
receive a signal from an object detection sensor and to detect an object based on the signal; and
determine a location of the object relative to a material loading system of the mobile work machine, the material loading system having a material receiving area configured to receive material and an actuator configured to control the material loading system to move the material receiving area relative to the frame;
collision logic configured to receive a commanded movement from an operator and determine whether the commanded movement will result in contact between the material loading system and the detected object; and control logic configured to generate the control signal to prevent the contact between the material loading system and the detected object. 19. The control system of claim 18, wherein the mobile work machine comprises a construction machine. 20. The control system of claim 19, wherein the material receiving area comprises a dump body, and the actuator comprises a dumping actuator configured to move the dump body, and the control signal controls the dumping actuator. | 2,100 |
344,138 | 16,803,579 | 2,117 | This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for signaling aggregated control information in a wireless communication network. A frame format may include an aggregated control (A-Control) field. In one aspect, the A-Control field may be variable-length to support signaling multiple types of control information. In some implementations, an access point may manage multiple links (multi-link). The A-Control field may be structured to include multi-link control information. This disclosure includes multiple options for extending an A-Control field. Furthermore, a receiving device may acknowledge the A-Control field using various techniques disclosed herein. | 1-57. (canceled) 58. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
determining a plurality of control parameters for transmission from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value; generating a first frame for transmission via a first wireless link, wherein the first frame includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and outputting the first frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the A-Control field is a variable-length control field, the method further comprising:
determining a length of the A-Control field based, at least in part, on the plurality of control parameters; and populating a first portion of the A-Control field with an indication based on the length. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the first portion is formatted as a first control parameter, the first control parameter having a reserved value for the Control ID and having the length as the control value for the first control parameter. 61. The method of claim 58, wherein the first frame is first media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU), and wherein the first MPDU is included in an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) transmission. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein an MPDU delimiter in the A-MPDU transmission includes an indicator to indicate that the first MPDU includes the A-Control field and that the A-Control field is a variable-length A-Control field. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the first MPDU only contains the variable-length A-Control field, wherein the indicator is included in a length field of the MDPU delimiter, and wherein the indicator has a value that is less than a smallest length of an MPDU according to a technical standard, such that the value is reserved to repurpose the length field for indicating the presence of the variable-length A-Control field in the first MPDU. 64. The method of claim 58, wherein the A-Control field is a multi-link control field and includes a first subset of the plurality of control parameters related to the first wireless link and a second subset of plurality of control parameters related to a second wireless link managed by the first wireless communication device. 65. The method of claim 64, further comprising:
generating a second frame for transmission via the second wireless link, wherein the second frame includes a redundant copy of the A-Control field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and outputting the second frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device via the second wireless link. 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes at least one control parameter to enable or disable at least one of the first wireless link or the second wireless link. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes timing information related when to enable or disable the first wireless link or the second wireless link, the timing information including either a time offset relative to a start or end of the first frame, or a time value based on a synchronized timer. 68. The method of claim 64, wherein the A-Control field includes a delimiter between the first subset of control parameters and the second subset of control parameters. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the delimiter is formatted as a first control parameter, the first control parameter having a reserved value for the Control ID and having a null control value. 70. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgment from the second wireless communication device, wherein the acknowledgment indicates that the A-Control field was successfully processed by the second wireless communication device, and wherein the acknowledgment is different from a media access control (MAC) acknowledgment for acknowledging the first frame. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the acknowledgment is included in a reserved bit of a frame control field or block acknowledgment control field. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the acknowledgement includes signaling to indicate that the acknowledgement is for the plurality of control parameters. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the acknowledgment is included in a multi-station block acknowledgment (multi-STA Block Ack) message. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the signaling includes predefined values for an acknowledgement type field and a traffic identifier field of the multi-STA Block Ack message. 75. The method of claim 58, wherein the first frame includes the A-Control field in a payload portion of a null packet, a quality-of service (QoS) Null frame, or a null data packet (NDP). 76. An apparatus, comprising:
an interface for communicating via a wireless local area network; and a processor configured to:
determine a plurality of control parameters for transmission from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value;
generate a first frame for transmission via the interface, wherein the first frame includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and
output the first frame for transmission via the interface from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device. 77. The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the A-Control field is a variable-length control field, the processor further configured to:
determine a length of the A-Control field based, at least in part, on the plurality of control parameters; and populate a first portion of the A-Control field with an indication based on the length. 78. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the first portion is formatted as a first control parameter, the first control parameter having a reserved value for the Control ID and having the length as the control value for the first control parameter. 79. The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the first frame is first media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU), and wherein the first MPDU is included in an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) transmission. 80. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein an MPDU delimiter in the A-MPDU transmission includes an indicator to indicate that the first MPDU includes the A-Control field and that the A-Control field is a variable-length A-Control field. 81. The apparatus of claim 80, wherein the indicator is included in a length field of the MDPU delimiter, and wherein the indicator has a value that is less than a smallest length of an MPDU according to a technical standard, such that the value is reserved to repurpose the length field for indicating the presence of the variable-length A-Control field. 82. The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the A-Control field is a multi-link control field and includes a first subset of the plurality of control parameters related to the first wireless link and a second subset of plurality of control parameters related to a second wireless link managed by the first wireless communication device. 83. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes at least one control parameter to enable or disable at least one of the first wireless link or the second wireless link. 84. The apparatus of claim 83, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes timing information related when to enable or disable the first wireless link or the second wireless link, the timing information including either a time offset relative to a start or end of the first frame, or a time value based on a synchronized timer. 85. The apparatus of claim 76, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgment from the second wireless communication device, wherein the acknowledgment indicates that the A-Control field was successfully processed by the second wireless communication device, and wherein the acknowledgment is different from a media access control (MAC) acknowledgment for acknowledging the first frame. 86. A first wireless communication device for use in a wireless local area network comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to:
determine a plurality of control parameters for transmission from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value, and
generate a first frame that includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters;
one or more transceivers coupled to the first wireless communication device to output the first frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device; one or more antennas coupled to the one or more transceivers to wirelessly transmit signals output from the transceivers and to wirelessly receive signals for input into the transceivers; and a housing that encompasses the wireless communication device, the one or more transceivers and at least a portion of the one or more antennas. 87. A computer-readable medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
determine a plurality of control parameters for transmission from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value; generate a first frame for transmission via a first wireless link, wherein the first frame includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and output the first frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device. | This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for signaling aggregated control information in a wireless communication network. A frame format may include an aggregated control (A-Control) field. In one aspect, the A-Control field may be variable-length to support signaling multiple types of control information. In some implementations, an access point may manage multiple links (multi-link). The A-Control field may be structured to include multi-link control information. This disclosure includes multiple options for extending an A-Control field. Furthermore, a receiving device may acknowledge the A-Control field using various techniques disclosed herein.1-57. (canceled) 58. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
determining a plurality of control parameters for transmission from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value; generating a first frame for transmission via a first wireless link, wherein the first frame includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and outputting the first frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the A-Control field is a variable-length control field, the method further comprising:
determining a length of the A-Control field based, at least in part, on the plurality of control parameters; and populating a first portion of the A-Control field with an indication based on the length. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the first portion is formatted as a first control parameter, the first control parameter having a reserved value for the Control ID and having the length as the control value for the first control parameter. 61. The method of claim 58, wherein the first frame is first media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU), and wherein the first MPDU is included in an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) transmission. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein an MPDU delimiter in the A-MPDU transmission includes an indicator to indicate that the first MPDU includes the A-Control field and that the A-Control field is a variable-length A-Control field. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the first MPDU only contains the variable-length A-Control field, wherein the indicator is included in a length field of the MDPU delimiter, and wherein the indicator has a value that is less than a smallest length of an MPDU according to a technical standard, such that the value is reserved to repurpose the length field for indicating the presence of the variable-length A-Control field in the first MPDU. 64. The method of claim 58, wherein the A-Control field is a multi-link control field and includes a first subset of the plurality of control parameters related to the first wireless link and a second subset of plurality of control parameters related to a second wireless link managed by the first wireless communication device. 65. The method of claim 64, further comprising:
generating a second frame for transmission via the second wireless link, wherein the second frame includes a redundant copy of the A-Control field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and outputting the second frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device via the second wireless link. 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes at least one control parameter to enable or disable at least one of the first wireless link or the second wireless link. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes timing information related when to enable or disable the first wireless link or the second wireless link, the timing information including either a time offset relative to a start or end of the first frame, or a time value based on a synchronized timer. 68. The method of claim 64, wherein the A-Control field includes a delimiter between the first subset of control parameters and the second subset of control parameters. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the delimiter is formatted as a first control parameter, the first control parameter having a reserved value for the Control ID and having a null control value. 70. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgment from the second wireless communication device, wherein the acknowledgment indicates that the A-Control field was successfully processed by the second wireless communication device, and wherein the acknowledgment is different from a media access control (MAC) acknowledgment for acknowledging the first frame. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the acknowledgment is included in a reserved bit of a frame control field or block acknowledgment control field. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the acknowledgement includes signaling to indicate that the acknowledgement is for the plurality of control parameters. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the acknowledgment is included in a multi-station block acknowledgment (multi-STA Block Ack) message. 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the signaling includes predefined values for an acknowledgement type field and a traffic identifier field of the multi-STA Block Ack message. 75. The method of claim 58, wherein the first frame includes the A-Control field in a payload portion of a null packet, a quality-of service (QoS) Null frame, or a null data packet (NDP). 76. An apparatus, comprising:
an interface for communicating via a wireless local area network; and a processor configured to:
determine a plurality of control parameters for transmission from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value;
generate a first frame for transmission via the interface, wherein the first frame includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and
output the first frame for transmission via the interface from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device. 77. The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the A-Control field is a variable-length control field, the processor further configured to:
determine a length of the A-Control field based, at least in part, on the plurality of control parameters; and populate a first portion of the A-Control field with an indication based on the length. 78. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the first portion is formatted as a first control parameter, the first control parameter having a reserved value for the Control ID and having the length as the control value for the first control parameter. 79. The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the first frame is first media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU), and wherein the first MPDU is included in an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) transmission. 80. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein an MPDU delimiter in the A-MPDU transmission includes an indicator to indicate that the first MPDU includes the A-Control field and that the A-Control field is a variable-length A-Control field. 81. The apparatus of claim 80, wherein the indicator is included in a length field of the MDPU delimiter, and wherein the indicator has a value that is less than a smallest length of an MPDU according to a technical standard, such that the value is reserved to repurpose the length field for indicating the presence of the variable-length A-Control field. 82. The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the A-Control field is a multi-link control field and includes a first subset of the plurality of control parameters related to the first wireless link and a second subset of plurality of control parameters related to a second wireless link managed by the first wireless communication device. 83. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes at least one control parameter to enable or disable at least one of the first wireless link or the second wireless link. 84. The apparatus of claim 83, wherein the plurality of control parameters includes timing information related when to enable or disable the first wireless link or the second wireless link, the timing information including either a time offset relative to a start or end of the first frame, or a time value based on a synchronized timer. 85. The apparatus of claim 76, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgment from the second wireless communication device, wherein the acknowledgment indicates that the A-Control field was successfully processed by the second wireless communication device, and wherein the acknowledgment is different from a media access control (MAC) acknowledgment for acknowledging the first frame. 86. A first wireless communication device for use in a wireless local area network comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to:
determine a plurality of control parameters for transmission from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value, and
generate a first frame that includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters;
one or more transceivers coupled to the first wireless communication device to output the first frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device; one or more antennas coupled to the one or more transceivers to wirelessly transmit signals output from the transceivers and to wirelessly receive signals for input into the transceivers; and a housing that encompasses the wireless communication device, the one or more transceivers and at least a portion of the one or more antennas. 87. A computer-readable medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
determine a plurality of control parameters for transmission from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, each control parameter including at least a Control identifier (ID) and a control value; generate a first frame for transmission via a first wireless link, wherein the first frame includes an aggregated control (A-Control) field formatted with the plurality of control parameters; and output the first frame for transmission from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device. | 2,100 |
344,139 | 16,803,606 | 2,117 | A logic circuit includes an inverter that outputs from an output terminal a signal created by inverting the logic of a signal input into an input terminal, a first transistor that is connected to the input terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state, and a second transistor that is connected to the output terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state. | 1. A logic circuit comprising:
an inverter that outputs from an output terminal a signal created by inverting the logic of a signal input into an input terminal; a first transistor that is connected to the input terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state; and a second transistor that is connected to the output terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state. 2. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal, and the second transistor is an N-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a ground line, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 3. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal, and the second transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to the output terminal, whose gate is connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to a ground line. 4. The logic circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the logic circuit further comprises a third transistor that is connected to the input terminal, and the third transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the output terminal, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal. 5. The logic circuit according to claim 3, wherein
the logic circuit further comprises a third transistor that is connected to the input terminal, and the third transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the output terminal, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal. 6. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor is an N-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a ground line, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal, and the second transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 6. The logic circuit according to claim 6, wherein
the logic circuit further comprises a third transistor that is connected to the input terminal, and the third transistor is an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the output terminal, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal. 8. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 9. The logic circuit according to claim 2, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 10. The logic circuit according to claim 3, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 11. The logic circuit according to claim 4, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 12. The logic circuit according to claim 5, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 13. The logic circuit according to claim 6, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 14. The logic circuit according to claim 7, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. | A logic circuit includes an inverter that outputs from an output terminal a signal created by inverting the logic of a signal input into an input terminal, a first transistor that is connected to the input terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state, and a second transistor that is connected to the output terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state.1. A logic circuit comprising:
an inverter that outputs from an output terminal a signal created by inverting the logic of a signal input into an input terminal; a first transistor that is connected to the input terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state; and a second transistor that is connected to the output terminal in such a way as to maintain an OFF state. 2. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal, and the second transistor is an N-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a ground line, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 3. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal, and the second transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to the output terminal, whose gate is connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to a ground line. 4. The logic circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the logic circuit further comprises a third transistor that is connected to the input terminal, and the third transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the output terminal, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal. 5. The logic circuit according to claim 3, wherein
the logic circuit further comprises a third transistor that is connected to the input terminal, and the third transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the output terminal, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal. 6. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor is an N-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a ground line, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal, and the second transistor is a P-channel type MOSFET whose source and gate are connected to a power supply line, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 6. The logic circuit according to claim 6, wherein
the logic circuit further comprises a third transistor that is connected to the input terminal, and the third transistor is an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the output terminal, and whose drain is connected to the input terminal. 8. The logic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 9. The logic circuit according to claim 2, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 10. The logic circuit according to claim 3, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 11. The logic circuit according to claim 4, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 12. The logic circuit according to claim 5, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 13. The logic circuit according to claim 6, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. 14. The logic circuit according to claim 7, wherein the inverter includes:
a P-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a power supply line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal; and an N-channel type MOSFET whose source is connected to a ground line, whose gate is connected to the input terminal, and whose drain is connected to the output terminal. | 2,100 |
344,140 | 16,803,598 | 2,117 | Systems and methods are provided for use in facilitating network transactions. In connection therewith, a server receives a request from an application of a requestor mobile device and polls sender mobile devices for location data, where a subset of the sender mobile devices is within a defined distance of the requestor mobile device. The server then receives a response from one of the subset of sender mobile devices and presents the response to the application of the requestor mobile device. Upon acceptance of the response, the server transmits the acceptance to the sender mobile device, thereby enabling delivery of an amount requested to a requestor user associated with the requestor mobile device in exchange for a digital transaction from an account of the requestor user to an account of a sender user associated with the sender mobile device. | 1. A computer-implemented method for use in facilitating a network transaction, the method comprising:
receiving, by a backend server, a request from an application of a requestor mobile device associated with a requestor user, the request including an amount and a location of the requestor mobile device, and wherein the requestor user is associated with a first account; polling, by the backend server, multiple sender mobile devices for location data, each of the sender mobile devices associated with a sender user; receiving, by the backend server, location data from each of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein a subset of the multiple sender mobile devices is within a distance of said location of the requestor mobile device; transmitting, from the backend server, the request to the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices; receiving a response from one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, the response including a meet location and an estimated time; presenting, by the backend server, the response to the application of the requestor mobile device; and in response to an acceptance of the response from the requestor user at the application of the requestor mobile device, transmitting the acceptance to the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, thereby enabling delivery of the amount to the requestor user, in person, in exchange for a digital transaction from said first account to a second account associated with the sender user of the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the request includes a cash request;
wherein the application includes a wallet application; wherein the amount includes an amount of cash requested; and wherein the cash request further includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the requestor user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising validating the cash request, based on the biometric and/or the facial image of the requestor user included in the cash request, prior to polling the sender mobile devices. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising causing the biometric and/or the facial image of the requestor user to be displayed to the sender user at the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, in connection with the delivery of the amount of cash requested. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a confirmation of the exchange to the requestor mobile device and/or the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, after the digital transaction is approved and/or the amount is delivered. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
validating a session ID from a software development kit (SDK) in the application of the requestor mobile device for the request; and associating the response and/or the acceptance with the request based on the session ID included in the response and/or the acceptance. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the response includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the sender associated with the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising causing the biometric and/or the facial image to be displayed to the requestor at the requestor mobile device, in connection with the delivery of the amount. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the digital transaction includes a person-to-person (P2P) digital transaction; and
wherein the method further comprises facilitating the P2P transaction for the amount between said first account and said second account. 10. A system for use in facilitating a network transaction, the system comprising:
a backend server configured to:
receive a cash request from a wallet application of a requestor mobile device associated with a requestor user, wherein the cash request includes an amount of cash requested and a location of the requestor mobile device, and wherein the requestor user is associated with a first payment account;
poll multiple sender mobile devices for location data, each of the sender mobile devices associated with a sender user;
receive location data from each of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein a subset of the multiple sender mobile devices is within a distance of said location of the requestor mobile device;
transmit the cash request to the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices;
receive a cash response from one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein the cash response includes a meet location and an estimated time;
present the cash response to the wallet application of the requestor mobile device; and
in response to an acceptance of the cash response from the requestor user at the wallet application of the requestor mobile device, transmit the acceptance to the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, to thereby enable delivery of the amount of cash requested to the requestor user in exchange for a digital transaction from said first payment account to a second payment account associated with the sender user of the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the cash request further includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the requestor user. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the backend server is further configured to validate the cash request, based on the biometric and/or the facial image of the requestor user included in the cash request, prior to polling the sender mobile devices. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the backend server is further configured to cause the biometric and/or the facial image to be displayed to the sender user at the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, in connection with the delivery of the amount of cash requested. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the backend server is further configured to transmit a confirmation of the exchange to the requestor mobile device and/or the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, after the digital transaction is approved and/or the amount of cash requested is delivered. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the backend server is further configured to:
validate a session ID from an SDK in the wallet application of the requestor mobile device for the cash request; and associate the cash response and/or the acceptance with the cash request based on the session ID included in the cash response and/or the acceptance. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the cash response includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the sender associated with the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices; and
wherein the backend server is further configured to cause the biometric and/or the facial image to be displayed to the requestor at the requestor mobile device, in connection with the delivery of the amount of cash requested. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the digital transaction includes a person-to-person (P2P) digital transaction; and
wherein the backend server is further configured to facilitate the P2P transaction for the amount of cash requested between said first payment account and said second payment account. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including executable instructions for facilitating a network transaction, which when executed by a processor, cause the process to:
receive a cash request from a wallet application of a requestor mobile device associated with a requestor user, the cash request including an amount of cash requested and a location of the requestor mobile device, wherein the requestor user is associated with a first payment account; poll multiple sender mobile devices for location data, each of the multiple sender mobile devices associated with a sender user; receive location data from each of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein a subset of the multiple sender mobile devices is within a distance of said location of the requestor mobile device; transmit the cash request to the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices; receive a cash response from one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, the cash response including a meet location and an estimated time; present the cash response to the wallet application of the requestor mobile device; and in response to an acceptance of the cash response from the requestor user at the wallet application of the requestor mobile device, transmit the acceptance to the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, to thereby enable delivery of the amount of cash requested to the requestor user in exchange for a digital transaction from said first payment account to a second payment account associated with the sender user of the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices. | Systems and methods are provided for use in facilitating network transactions. In connection therewith, a server receives a request from an application of a requestor mobile device and polls sender mobile devices for location data, where a subset of the sender mobile devices is within a defined distance of the requestor mobile device. The server then receives a response from one of the subset of sender mobile devices and presents the response to the application of the requestor mobile device. Upon acceptance of the response, the server transmits the acceptance to the sender mobile device, thereby enabling delivery of an amount requested to a requestor user associated with the requestor mobile device in exchange for a digital transaction from an account of the requestor user to an account of a sender user associated with the sender mobile device.1. A computer-implemented method for use in facilitating a network transaction, the method comprising:
receiving, by a backend server, a request from an application of a requestor mobile device associated with a requestor user, the request including an amount and a location of the requestor mobile device, and wherein the requestor user is associated with a first account; polling, by the backend server, multiple sender mobile devices for location data, each of the sender mobile devices associated with a sender user; receiving, by the backend server, location data from each of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein a subset of the multiple sender mobile devices is within a distance of said location of the requestor mobile device; transmitting, from the backend server, the request to the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices; receiving a response from one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, the response including a meet location and an estimated time; presenting, by the backend server, the response to the application of the requestor mobile device; and in response to an acceptance of the response from the requestor user at the application of the requestor mobile device, transmitting the acceptance to the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, thereby enabling delivery of the amount to the requestor user, in person, in exchange for a digital transaction from said first account to a second account associated with the sender user of the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the request includes a cash request;
wherein the application includes a wallet application; wherein the amount includes an amount of cash requested; and wherein the cash request further includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the requestor user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising validating the cash request, based on the biometric and/or the facial image of the requestor user included in the cash request, prior to polling the sender mobile devices. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising causing the biometric and/or the facial image of the requestor user to be displayed to the sender user at the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, in connection with the delivery of the amount of cash requested. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a confirmation of the exchange to the requestor mobile device and/or the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, after the digital transaction is approved and/or the amount is delivered. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
validating a session ID from a software development kit (SDK) in the application of the requestor mobile device for the request; and associating the response and/or the acceptance with the request based on the session ID included in the response and/or the acceptance. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the response includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the sender associated with the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising causing the biometric and/or the facial image to be displayed to the requestor at the requestor mobile device, in connection with the delivery of the amount. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the digital transaction includes a person-to-person (P2P) digital transaction; and
wherein the method further comprises facilitating the P2P transaction for the amount between said first account and said second account. 10. A system for use in facilitating a network transaction, the system comprising:
a backend server configured to:
receive a cash request from a wallet application of a requestor mobile device associated with a requestor user, wherein the cash request includes an amount of cash requested and a location of the requestor mobile device, and wherein the requestor user is associated with a first payment account;
poll multiple sender mobile devices for location data, each of the sender mobile devices associated with a sender user;
receive location data from each of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein a subset of the multiple sender mobile devices is within a distance of said location of the requestor mobile device;
transmit the cash request to the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices;
receive a cash response from one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein the cash response includes a meet location and an estimated time;
present the cash response to the wallet application of the requestor mobile device; and
in response to an acceptance of the cash response from the requestor user at the wallet application of the requestor mobile device, transmit the acceptance to the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, to thereby enable delivery of the amount of cash requested to the requestor user in exchange for a digital transaction from said first payment account to a second payment account associated with the sender user of the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the cash request further includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the requestor user. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the backend server is further configured to validate the cash request, based on the biometric and/or the facial image of the requestor user included in the cash request, prior to polling the sender mobile devices. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the backend server is further configured to cause the biometric and/or the facial image to be displayed to the sender user at the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, in connection with the delivery of the amount of cash requested. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the backend server is further configured to transmit a confirmation of the exchange to the requestor mobile device and/or the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, after the digital transaction is approved and/or the amount of cash requested is delivered. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the backend server is further configured to:
validate a session ID from an SDK in the wallet application of the requestor mobile device for the cash request; and associate the cash response and/or the acceptance with the cash request based on the session ID included in the cash response and/or the acceptance. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the cash response includes a biometric and/or a facial image of the sender associated with the one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices; and
wherein the backend server is further configured to cause the biometric and/or the facial image to be displayed to the requestor at the requestor mobile device, in connection with the delivery of the amount of cash requested. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the digital transaction includes a person-to-person (P2P) digital transaction; and
wherein the backend server is further configured to facilitate the P2P transaction for the amount of cash requested between said first payment account and said second payment account. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including executable instructions for facilitating a network transaction, which when executed by a processor, cause the process to:
receive a cash request from a wallet application of a requestor mobile device associated with a requestor user, the cash request including an amount of cash requested and a location of the requestor mobile device, wherein the requestor user is associated with a first payment account; poll multiple sender mobile devices for location data, each of the multiple sender mobile devices associated with a sender user; receive location data from each of the multiple sender mobile devices, wherein a subset of the multiple sender mobile devices is within a distance of said location of the requestor mobile device; transmit the cash request to the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices; receive a cash response from one of the subset of the multiple sender mobile devices, the cash response including a meet location and an estimated time; present the cash response to the wallet application of the requestor mobile device; and in response to an acceptance of the cash response from the requestor user at the wallet application of the requestor mobile device, transmit the acceptance to the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices, to thereby enable delivery of the amount of cash requested to the requestor user in exchange for a digital transaction from said first payment account to a second payment account associated with the sender user of the one of the subset of the sender mobile devices. | 2,100 |
344,141 | 16,803,601 | 2,117 | A liquid container including a liquid storing chamber that stores a liquid, a first member including a cylindrical first side wall surrounding at least a portion of the liquid storing chamber, a first opening surrounded by a first end portion of the first side wall, and a second opening surrounded by a second end portion of the first side wall, a liquid outlet member including an outlet through which the liquid flows out, the liquid outlet member being attached to the first opening, and a second member joined to the first member, the second member sealing the liquid storing chamber from a second opening side. When viewed in a central axis direction of the first member, a joint between the first member and the second member is formed outside an area surrounded by a boundary between the first member and the second member in the liquid storing chamber. | 1. A liquid container comprising:
a liquid storing chamber in which a liquid is stored; a first member that includes
a cylindrical first side wall that surrounds at least a portion of the liquid storing chamber,
a first opening surrounded by a first end portion of the first side wall, and
a second opening surrounded by a second end portion of the first side wall;
a liquid outlet member that includes an outlet through which the liquid flows out, the liquid outlet member being attached to the first opening; and a second member joined to the first member, the second member sealing the liquid storing chamber from a second opening side, wherein when viewed in a central axis direction of the first member, a joint between the first member and the second member is formed outside an area surrounded by a boundary between the first member and the second member in the liquid storing chamber. 2. The liquid container according to claim 1, wherein
the second member includes
a bottom wall that opposes the second opening of the first member, and
a cylindrical second side wall that extends from the bottom wall towards a first member side and that surrounds at least a portion of the liquid storing chamber. 3. The liquid container according to claim 1, wherein
the first member includes a peripheral protrusion that is provided at a periphery of the second opening and that extends outwards from the first side wall in a radial direction of the first member, and the joint is a portion in which the peripheral protrusion and the second member are joined to each other. 4. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the bottom wall includes an extension portion that extends in a radial direction of the second side wall and that opposes an entire circumference of an end surface of the first side wall that surrounds the second opening, and the joint is a portion in which the extension portion and the end surface of the first side wall are joined to each other. 5. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the first member further includes a cylindrical first-member-side external circumferential wall portion that surrounds an external circumference of the first side wall, and the joint is a portion in which an end portion of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion on a second member side and the second member are joined to each other. 6. The liquid container according to claim 5, wherein
a protrusion that protrudes outwards in a radial direction of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion is provided at the end portion of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion on the second member side, the bottom wall includes an extension portion that extends in a radial direction of the second side wall from an external circumference of the second side wall and that is in contact with the protrusion, and the joint is a portion in which the protrusion and the extension portion are joined to each other. 7. The liquid container according to claim 6, wherein
the joint includes a heat caulking portion that joins the protrusion and the extension portion to each other by heat caulking. 8. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the first member includes a peripheral protrusion that extends outwards from the first side wall in a radial direction of the first member and that surrounds the first side wall, the second member further includes a cylindrical second-member-side external circumferential wall portion that extends from the bottom wall towards the first member side and that surrounds an external circumference of the second side wall, and the joint is a portion in which an end portion of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion on the first member side and peripheral protrusion are joined to each other. 9. The liquid container according to claim 8, wherein
a protruding edge portion that protrudes outwards in a radial direction of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion and that opposes the peripheral protrusion of the first member is provided at the end portion of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion on the first member side, and the joint is a portion in which the protruding edge portion and the peripheral protrusion are joined to each other. 10. The liquid container according to claim 9, wherein
the joint includes a heat caulking portion that joins the protruding edge portion and the peripheral protrusion to each other by heat caulking. 11. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the second member further includes a cylindrical second-member-side external circumferential wall portion that extends from the bottom wall towards the first member side and that surrounds an external circumference of the first side wall, and the joint includes a screw portion provided at a portion in which an internal circumferential surface of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion and an external circumferential surface of the first side wall oppose each other. 12. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the first member further includes a cylindrical first-member-side external circumferential wall portion that surrounds an external circumference of the first side wall and that extends towards the second member, the second member further includes a cylindrical second-member-side external circumferential wall portion that extends from the bottom wall towards the first member side and that surrounds an external circumference of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion, and the joint includes a screw portion provided at a portion in which an internal circumferential surface of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion and an external circumferential surface of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion oppose each other. | A liquid container including a liquid storing chamber that stores a liquid, a first member including a cylindrical first side wall surrounding at least a portion of the liquid storing chamber, a first opening surrounded by a first end portion of the first side wall, and a second opening surrounded by a second end portion of the first side wall, a liquid outlet member including an outlet through which the liquid flows out, the liquid outlet member being attached to the first opening, and a second member joined to the first member, the second member sealing the liquid storing chamber from a second opening side. When viewed in a central axis direction of the first member, a joint between the first member and the second member is formed outside an area surrounded by a boundary between the first member and the second member in the liquid storing chamber.1. A liquid container comprising:
a liquid storing chamber in which a liquid is stored; a first member that includes
a cylindrical first side wall that surrounds at least a portion of the liquid storing chamber,
a first opening surrounded by a first end portion of the first side wall, and
a second opening surrounded by a second end portion of the first side wall;
a liquid outlet member that includes an outlet through which the liquid flows out, the liquid outlet member being attached to the first opening; and a second member joined to the first member, the second member sealing the liquid storing chamber from a second opening side, wherein when viewed in a central axis direction of the first member, a joint between the first member and the second member is formed outside an area surrounded by a boundary between the first member and the second member in the liquid storing chamber. 2. The liquid container according to claim 1, wherein
the second member includes
a bottom wall that opposes the second opening of the first member, and
a cylindrical second side wall that extends from the bottom wall towards a first member side and that surrounds at least a portion of the liquid storing chamber. 3. The liquid container according to claim 1, wherein
the first member includes a peripheral protrusion that is provided at a periphery of the second opening and that extends outwards from the first side wall in a radial direction of the first member, and the joint is a portion in which the peripheral protrusion and the second member are joined to each other. 4. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the bottom wall includes an extension portion that extends in a radial direction of the second side wall and that opposes an entire circumference of an end surface of the first side wall that surrounds the second opening, and the joint is a portion in which the extension portion and the end surface of the first side wall are joined to each other. 5. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the first member further includes a cylindrical first-member-side external circumferential wall portion that surrounds an external circumference of the first side wall, and the joint is a portion in which an end portion of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion on a second member side and the second member are joined to each other. 6. The liquid container according to claim 5, wherein
a protrusion that protrudes outwards in a radial direction of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion is provided at the end portion of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion on the second member side, the bottom wall includes an extension portion that extends in a radial direction of the second side wall from an external circumference of the second side wall and that is in contact with the protrusion, and the joint is a portion in which the protrusion and the extension portion are joined to each other. 7. The liquid container according to claim 6, wherein
the joint includes a heat caulking portion that joins the protrusion and the extension portion to each other by heat caulking. 8. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the first member includes a peripheral protrusion that extends outwards from the first side wall in a radial direction of the first member and that surrounds the first side wall, the second member further includes a cylindrical second-member-side external circumferential wall portion that extends from the bottom wall towards the first member side and that surrounds an external circumference of the second side wall, and the joint is a portion in which an end portion of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion on the first member side and peripheral protrusion are joined to each other. 9. The liquid container according to claim 8, wherein
a protruding edge portion that protrudes outwards in a radial direction of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion and that opposes the peripheral protrusion of the first member is provided at the end portion of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion on the first member side, and the joint is a portion in which the protruding edge portion and the peripheral protrusion are joined to each other. 10. The liquid container according to claim 9, wherein
the joint includes a heat caulking portion that joins the protruding edge portion and the peripheral protrusion to each other by heat caulking. 11. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is inserted in the second opening and is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the second member further includes a cylindrical second-member-side external circumferential wall portion that extends from the bottom wall towards the first member side and that surrounds an external circumference of the first side wall, and the joint includes a screw portion provided at a portion in which an internal circumferential surface of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion and an external circumferential surface of the first side wall oppose each other. 12. The liquid container according to claim 2, wherein
the second side wall is in contact with an entire circumference of an internal circumferential surface of the first side wall, the first member further includes a cylindrical first-member-side external circumferential wall portion that surrounds an external circumference of the first side wall and that extends towards the second member, the second member further includes a cylindrical second-member-side external circumferential wall portion that extends from the bottom wall towards the first member side and that surrounds an external circumference of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion, and the joint includes a screw portion provided at a portion in which an internal circumferential surface of the second-member-side external circumferential wall portion and an external circumferential surface of the first-member-side external circumferential wall portion oppose each other. | 2,100 |
344,142 | 16,803,602 | 2,117 | The invention involves a device and method for acquiring bone marrow aspirate. The system includes an elongated cannulated fastener having a threaded end for attachment to a bone. The threaded portion includes a directional aperture sized to allow marrow to be drawn into the cannula. The directional aperture also allows the user to direct the aperture in a desired direction within the bone for acquisition of the marrow. The distal end of the cannulated fastener includes a connector which may be in the form of a Luer lock to allow vacuum to be applied to the cannula for drawing the marrow into a syringe or the like. | 1. A cannulated fastener for surgical procedures comprising:
said cannulated fastener (100) including a first end (10), said first end (10) being closed including a drill point (14), said drill point (14) including a center point (28) positioned along a longitudinal centerline of said cannulated fastener (100), a tapered lead (16), said tapered lead (16) smooth and free from cutting surfaces extending between said drill point (14) and holding surface (11), and a directional aperture (18) extending through a sidewall of said cannulated fastener (100) to provide a fluid connection to a cannula bore (36) of said cannulated fastener (100); a second end (20) including a connector (22) for connecting to a source of vacuum, whereby vacuum is applied to said cannula bore (36) and said directional aperture (18) for drawing bone marrow aspirate from a hole in a bone created by said cannulated fastener (100). 2. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) is helical threads (12). 3. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said tapered lead (16) is constructed and arranged to expand and size the diameter of the hole created by said drill point (14) by smoothing or burnishing the sidewalls of said hole. 4. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said threads (12) are constructed and arranged to form conjugate threads in a bone by compression of bone material. 5. The cannulated fastener of claim 4 wherein said threads (12) are at least double helix threads, each said additional helix providing insertion into a bone with fewer rotations of said cannulated fastener (100). 6. The cannulated fastener of claim 4 wherein said cannulated fastener (100) includes an indicator aligned with said directional aperture (18), whereby said cannulated fastener (100) can be aligned with an area from which said bone marrow aspirate may be withdrawn through said cannulated fastener (100). 7. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said cannulated fastener (100) includes a plurality of said directional apertures (18). 8. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said connector (22) is constructed of plastic overmolded to said second end (20) of said cannulated fastener (100) to create an airtight connection therebetween. 9. The cannulated fastener of claim 8 wherein said connector (22) includes a Luer lock connection (38) for connection to a source of vacuum. 10. The cannulated fastener of claim 8 wherein said connector (22) includes a shoulder (24) arranged to be substantially perpendicular to said cannula bore (36), said shoulder (24) constructed and arranged to contact an adjacently placed surface of a surgical fixture (50) to retain said fixture's positioning with respect to a bone. 11. The cannulated fastener of claim 10 including a spacer zone (26) positioned between said shoulder (24) and a source of vacuum to allow said vacuum source to be connected to said Luer lock connection (38) for said bone marrow aspirate extraction, while said shoulder (24) is simultaneously utilized to retain a surgical fixture (50). 12. The cannulated fastener of claim 10, wherein said cannula (36) is constructed from stainless steel. 13. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said drill point (14) is a moil drill point (14) said moil drill point (14) polygonal in shape, having a center point (28) and multiple sharp edges (30). 14. The cannulated fastener of claim 9, wherein said Luer lock connection (38) also includes threads (40). 15. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said drill point (14) is a split drill point. 16. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said drill point (14) is a spade drill point. 17. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes knurling. 18. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes annular rings. 19. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes a rougher surface finish than the remainder of said cannula. 20. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes a coating to create said surface finish. | The invention involves a device and method for acquiring bone marrow aspirate. The system includes an elongated cannulated fastener having a threaded end for attachment to a bone. The threaded portion includes a directional aperture sized to allow marrow to be drawn into the cannula. The directional aperture also allows the user to direct the aperture in a desired direction within the bone for acquisition of the marrow. The distal end of the cannulated fastener includes a connector which may be in the form of a Luer lock to allow vacuum to be applied to the cannula for drawing the marrow into a syringe or the like.1. A cannulated fastener for surgical procedures comprising:
said cannulated fastener (100) including a first end (10), said first end (10) being closed including a drill point (14), said drill point (14) including a center point (28) positioned along a longitudinal centerline of said cannulated fastener (100), a tapered lead (16), said tapered lead (16) smooth and free from cutting surfaces extending between said drill point (14) and holding surface (11), and a directional aperture (18) extending through a sidewall of said cannulated fastener (100) to provide a fluid connection to a cannula bore (36) of said cannulated fastener (100); a second end (20) including a connector (22) for connecting to a source of vacuum, whereby vacuum is applied to said cannula bore (36) and said directional aperture (18) for drawing bone marrow aspirate from a hole in a bone created by said cannulated fastener (100). 2. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) is helical threads (12). 3. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said tapered lead (16) is constructed and arranged to expand and size the diameter of the hole created by said drill point (14) by smoothing or burnishing the sidewalls of said hole. 4. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said threads (12) are constructed and arranged to form conjugate threads in a bone by compression of bone material. 5. The cannulated fastener of claim 4 wherein said threads (12) are at least double helix threads, each said additional helix providing insertion into a bone with fewer rotations of said cannulated fastener (100). 6. The cannulated fastener of claim 4 wherein said cannulated fastener (100) includes an indicator aligned with said directional aperture (18), whereby said cannulated fastener (100) can be aligned with an area from which said bone marrow aspirate may be withdrawn through said cannulated fastener (100). 7. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said cannulated fastener (100) includes a plurality of said directional apertures (18). 8. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said connector (22) is constructed of plastic overmolded to said second end (20) of said cannulated fastener (100) to create an airtight connection therebetween. 9. The cannulated fastener of claim 8 wherein said connector (22) includes a Luer lock connection (38) for connection to a source of vacuum. 10. The cannulated fastener of claim 8 wherein said connector (22) includes a shoulder (24) arranged to be substantially perpendicular to said cannula bore (36), said shoulder (24) constructed and arranged to contact an adjacently placed surface of a surgical fixture (50) to retain said fixture's positioning with respect to a bone. 11. The cannulated fastener of claim 10 including a spacer zone (26) positioned between said shoulder (24) and a source of vacuum to allow said vacuum source to be connected to said Luer lock connection (38) for said bone marrow aspirate extraction, while said shoulder (24) is simultaneously utilized to retain a surgical fixture (50). 12. The cannulated fastener of claim 10, wherein said cannula (36) is constructed from stainless steel. 13. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said drill point (14) is a moil drill point (14) said moil drill point (14) polygonal in shape, having a center point (28) and multiple sharp edges (30). 14. The cannulated fastener of claim 9, wherein said Luer lock connection (38) also includes threads (40). 15. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said drill point (14) is a split drill point. 16. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said drill point (14) is a spade drill point. 17. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes knurling. 18. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes annular rings. 19. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes a rougher surface finish than the remainder of said cannula. 20. The cannulated fastener of claim 1 wherein said holding surface (11) includes a coating to create said surface finish. | 2,100 |
344,143 | 16,803,596 | 2,117 | A traversable measuring device (15) for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web (2). The measuring device has a property measuring sensor (23) for determining a measurement result representing the property of the web at multiple cross directional measurement positions (P1, P2, P3, P4), a position measuring sensor (24) for determining the cross directional measurement position of the property measuring sensor associating to the respective measurement result, and an analysis device (25) for receiving the measurement results and the respective cross directional measurement positions (P1, P2, P3, P4) and for allocating the measurement results with the respective cross directional measurement positions for forming the cross direction profile of the web property (2). The measuring device has a mounting bracket (16) that is detachably fixable with quick clamping for fastening the measuring device at a measurement site in a fiber web machine (1). | 1. A traversable measuring device for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web in a fiber web machine, the measuring device comprising:
a property measuring sensor movable in a cross direction of the moving fiber web and configured to determine a measurement result representing the property of the web at a plurality of cross directional measurement positions in response to a movement of the property measuring sensor in the cross direction of the moving fiber web; a position measuring sensor configured to determine the cross directional measurement position of the property measuring sensor associated with each determined measurement result; an analysis device for receiving the measurement results representing the property of the moving fiber web and the respective cross directional measurement positions and for associating the measurement results of the property of the moving fiber web with the respective cross directional measurement positions of the property measuring sensor for forming the cross direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web; and a mounting bracket that is detachably fixable with a quick disconnect for fastening the measuring device at a measurement site in the fiber web machine, wherein the property measuring sensor and the position measuring sensor are supported with respect to the mounting bracket. 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the measuring device comprises an actuating member by which the property measuring sensor is connected to a controlling element and by which the movement of the actuating member and the property measuring sensor is controlled in the cross direction of the moving fiber web, and wherein the mounting bracket is configured to receive the actuating member such that the actuating member is movable relative to the mounting bracket as controlled by the controlling element. 3. The device of claim 1 wherein the mounting bracket comprises at least one magnetic part or portion for fastening the mounting bracket to a counterpart forming a fastening point for the mounting bracket at the measurement site at least by a magnetic force generating between the at least one magnetic part or portion of the mounting bracket and the counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket. 4. The device of claim 2 wherein the mounting bracket comprises a mounting frame comprising the at least one magnetic part or portion for fastening the mounting frame to the counterpart for the measuring device at least by a magnetic force generating between the at least one magnetic part or portion of the mounting frame and the counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket, and a support stand that is fastened detachably to the mounting frame and comprises a supporter configured to receive the actuating member such that the actuating member is movable relative to the supporter as controlled by the controlling element. 5. The device of claim 1 wherein the mounting bracket comprises at least one fastening strap for fastening the mounting bracket to a counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket at least by a clamping force generated by the at least one fastening strap between the mounting bracket and the counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket. 6. The device of claim 5 wherein the mounting bracket comprises a mounting frame and at least one fastening strap to be arranged around the counterpart for the measuring device and fastened to opposite sides of the mounting frame so as to fasten the mounting frame to the counterpart by the clamping force generated by the at least one fastening strap between the mounting frame and the counterpart, and a support stand that is fastened detachably to the mounting frame and comprises a supporter configured to receive the actuating member such that the actuating member is movable relative to the supporter as controlled by the controlling element. 7. The device of claim 1 wherein the mounting bracket is configured to be fastened to a counter roll bearing housing of a counter roll intended for pressing the moving fiber web against an outer surface of a Yankee cylinder in the fiber web machine, whereby the property of the moving fiber web is to be measured in a direction of motion of the fiber web at a location after the counter roll where the fiber web is supported against the Yankee cylinder. 8. The device of claim 1 wherein the property measuring sensor is of a type which makes a measurement which is correlated to moisture of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web. 9. The device of claim 8 wherein the property measuring sensor is of a type which makes a measurement of temperature of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web. 10. The device of claim 9 wherein the property measuring sensor is an infrared temperature meter configured to measure infrared radiation radiated by the moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web. 11. The device of claim 1 wherein the position measuring sensor is an optical encoder. 12. The device of claim 7 wherein the analysis device is configured to convert a shape of the measured cross direction temperature profile of the moving fiber web to a shape of a cross direction profile of a property indicating a moisture profile of the moving fiber web on a basis of a correlation between the temperature of the moving fiber web and the property indicating the moisture of the moving fiber web. 13. A method for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web in a fiber web machine comprising a Yankee cylinder and a counter roll for pressing the moving fiber web against an outer surface of the Yankee cylinder, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a measurement result representing the property of the web at a plurality of cross directional measurement positions in a direction of motion of the web at a location after the counter roll wherein the web is supported against the Yankee cylinder; determining a measurement position associated with each of the plurality of cross directional measurement results of the property of the moving fibre web in the cross direction of the web; and associating the measurement results of the property of the moving fibre web with the respective cross directional measurement positions and forming a cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the fiber web machine further comprises at least one hood positioned next to the Yankee cylinder and after the counter roll in the machine direction; and
wherein the cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web is determined at a measurement site between the counter roll and the hood and closest to the counter roll in the direction of motion of the fiber web. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web is a moisture profile of the fiber web. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web is a temperature profile of the web. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein infrared radiation radiated by the moving fiber web is measured for determining a cross directional temperature profile of the web, and that the measured cross direction temperature profile of the moving fiber web is converted to a cross direction profile of a property indicating a moisture profile of the moving fiber web on a basis of a correlation between the temperature of the moving fiber web and the property indicating the moisture of the moving fiber web. | A traversable measuring device (15) for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web (2). The measuring device has a property measuring sensor (23) for determining a measurement result representing the property of the web at multiple cross directional measurement positions (P1, P2, P3, P4), a position measuring sensor (24) for determining the cross directional measurement position of the property measuring sensor associating to the respective measurement result, and an analysis device (25) for receiving the measurement results and the respective cross directional measurement positions (P1, P2, P3, P4) and for allocating the measurement results with the respective cross directional measurement positions for forming the cross direction profile of the web property (2). The measuring device has a mounting bracket (16) that is detachably fixable with quick clamping for fastening the measuring device at a measurement site in a fiber web machine (1).1. A traversable measuring device for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web in a fiber web machine, the measuring device comprising:
a property measuring sensor movable in a cross direction of the moving fiber web and configured to determine a measurement result representing the property of the web at a plurality of cross directional measurement positions in response to a movement of the property measuring sensor in the cross direction of the moving fiber web; a position measuring sensor configured to determine the cross directional measurement position of the property measuring sensor associated with each determined measurement result; an analysis device for receiving the measurement results representing the property of the moving fiber web and the respective cross directional measurement positions and for associating the measurement results of the property of the moving fiber web with the respective cross directional measurement positions of the property measuring sensor for forming the cross direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web; and a mounting bracket that is detachably fixable with a quick disconnect for fastening the measuring device at a measurement site in the fiber web machine, wherein the property measuring sensor and the position measuring sensor are supported with respect to the mounting bracket. 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the measuring device comprises an actuating member by which the property measuring sensor is connected to a controlling element and by which the movement of the actuating member and the property measuring sensor is controlled in the cross direction of the moving fiber web, and wherein the mounting bracket is configured to receive the actuating member such that the actuating member is movable relative to the mounting bracket as controlled by the controlling element. 3. The device of claim 1 wherein the mounting bracket comprises at least one magnetic part or portion for fastening the mounting bracket to a counterpart forming a fastening point for the mounting bracket at the measurement site at least by a magnetic force generating between the at least one magnetic part or portion of the mounting bracket and the counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket. 4. The device of claim 2 wherein the mounting bracket comprises a mounting frame comprising the at least one magnetic part or portion for fastening the mounting frame to the counterpart for the measuring device at least by a magnetic force generating between the at least one magnetic part or portion of the mounting frame and the counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket, and a support stand that is fastened detachably to the mounting frame and comprises a supporter configured to receive the actuating member such that the actuating member is movable relative to the supporter as controlled by the controlling element. 5. The device of claim 1 wherein the mounting bracket comprises at least one fastening strap for fastening the mounting bracket to a counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket at least by a clamping force generated by the at least one fastening strap between the mounting bracket and the counterpart forming the fastening point for the mounting bracket. 6. The device of claim 5 wherein the mounting bracket comprises a mounting frame and at least one fastening strap to be arranged around the counterpart for the measuring device and fastened to opposite sides of the mounting frame so as to fasten the mounting frame to the counterpart by the clamping force generated by the at least one fastening strap between the mounting frame and the counterpart, and a support stand that is fastened detachably to the mounting frame and comprises a supporter configured to receive the actuating member such that the actuating member is movable relative to the supporter as controlled by the controlling element. 7. The device of claim 1 wherein the mounting bracket is configured to be fastened to a counter roll bearing housing of a counter roll intended for pressing the moving fiber web against an outer surface of a Yankee cylinder in the fiber web machine, whereby the property of the moving fiber web is to be measured in a direction of motion of the fiber web at a location after the counter roll where the fiber web is supported against the Yankee cylinder. 8. The device of claim 1 wherein the property measuring sensor is of a type which makes a measurement which is correlated to moisture of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web. 9. The device of claim 8 wherein the property measuring sensor is of a type which makes a measurement of temperature of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web. 10. The device of claim 9 wherein the property measuring sensor is an infrared temperature meter configured to measure infrared radiation radiated by the moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web. 11. The device of claim 1 wherein the position measuring sensor is an optical encoder. 12. The device of claim 7 wherein the analysis device is configured to convert a shape of the measured cross direction temperature profile of the moving fiber web to a shape of a cross direction profile of a property indicating a moisture profile of the moving fiber web on a basis of a correlation between the temperature of the moving fiber web and the property indicating the moisture of the moving fiber web. 13. A method for determining a cross direction profile of a property of a moving lignocellulose-containing fiber web in a fiber web machine comprising a Yankee cylinder and a counter roll for pressing the moving fiber web against an outer surface of the Yankee cylinder, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a measurement result representing the property of the web at a plurality of cross directional measurement positions in a direction of motion of the web at a location after the counter roll wherein the web is supported against the Yankee cylinder; determining a measurement position associated with each of the plurality of cross directional measurement results of the property of the moving fibre web in the cross direction of the web; and associating the measurement results of the property of the moving fibre web with the respective cross directional measurement positions and forming a cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the fiber web machine further comprises at least one hood positioned next to the Yankee cylinder and after the counter roll in the machine direction; and
wherein the cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web is determined at a measurement site between the counter roll and the hood and closest to the counter roll in the direction of motion of the fiber web. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web is a moisture profile of the fiber web. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the cross-direction profile of the property of the moving fiber web is a temperature profile of the web. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein infrared radiation radiated by the moving fiber web is measured for determining a cross directional temperature profile of the web, and that the measured cross direction temperature profile of the moving fiber web is converted to a cross direction profile of a property indicating a moisture profile of the moving fiber web on a basis of a correlation between the temperature of the moving fiber web and the property indicating the moisture of the moving fiber web. | 2,100 |
344,144 | 16,803,615 | 2,117 | Systems and methods for preloading an amount of content based on user scrolling are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: effectuate presentation of a body of content that takes up a certain amount of display space within a graphical user interface. | 1. A system configured to preload an amount of content based on user scrolling, the system comprising:
one or more physical processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:
obtain scroll information characterizing user scrolling around a display space to view a body of content, wherein the body of content that takes up a certain amount of the display space within a graphical user interface, wherein a field of view is a portion of the display space visible to a user, and wherein the display space is scrollable such that the field of view is able to be scrolled around the display space to view the body of content, and wherein one or more portions of the display space outside the field of view are not visible to the user and include preloaded content of the body of content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view;
determine, based on the scroll information, that the user is scrolling in a first direction; and
progressively increase an amount of the preloaded content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view along the first direction in proportion to an amount of the body of content the user has viewed while scrolling in the first direction. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein obtaining the scroll information includes receiving scroll input from the user initiating scrolling of the graphical user interface. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the scroll information indicates historical scroll information for the user, the historical scroll information including one or more of an average scroll speed, an average scroll amount, a median scroll amount, an average scroll distance, a median scroll distance, a height and/or amount of content already viewed by the user, a distance of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, a quantity of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, or a length of time since previous scrolling. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the scroll information indicates a type of content the user is scrolling. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the content includes collaboration environment content, and wherein presentation of the collaboration environment content is effectuated based on environment state information including user records and work unit records, the environment state information defining a state of a collaboration environment including a user state and a work unit state, wherein the user state is defined by the user records that define values of user parameters associated with users interacting with and/or viewing the collaboration environment, and wherein the work unit state is defined by the work unit records that define values of work unit parameters for units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a work management interface including one or more visual content items corresponding to one or more of the units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more physical processors are further configured by the machine-readable instructions to:
responsive to the user scrolling in the first direction from a first field of view to a second field of view, preload a first amount of the preloaded content that is outside the second field of view and along the first direction, the first amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view and the second field of view; and responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the second field of view to a third field of view, preload a second amount of the preloaded content that is outside the third field of view and along the first direction, the second amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, and the third field of view, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more physical processors are further configured by the machine-readable instructions to:
responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the third field of view to a fourth field of view, preload a third amount of the preloaded content that is outside the fourth field of view and along the first direction, the third amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, the third field of view, and the fourth field of view, wherein the third amount is greater than the second amount. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more physical processors are further configured by the machine-readable instructions to:
determine that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction; and determine the amount of the body of content the user has viewed while continuously scrolling in the first direction. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the determination that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction is responsive to the scrolling reaching and/or surpassing a first threshold amount of scrolling in the first direction and/or a first threshold level within the graphical user interface. 11. A method for preloading an amount of content based on user scrolling, the method comprising:
obtaining scroll information characterizing user scrolling around a display space to view a body of content, wherein the body of content that takes up a certain amount of the display space within a graphical user interface, wherein a field of view is a portion of the display space visible to a user, and wherein the display space is scrollable such that the field of view is able to be scrolled around the display space to view the body of content, and wherein one or more portions of the display space outside the field of view are not visible to the user and include preloaded content of the body of content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view; determining, based on the scroll information, that the user is scrolling in a first direction; and progressively increasing an amount of the preloaded content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view along the first direction in proportion to an amount of the body of content the user has viewed while scrolling in the first direction. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein obtaining the scroll information includes receiving scroll input from the user initiating scrolling of the graphical user interface. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the scroll information indicates historical scroll information for the user, the historical scroll information including one or more of an average scroll speed, an average scroll amount, a median scroll amount, an average scroll distance, a median scroll distance, a height and/or amount of content already viewed by the user, a distance of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, a quantity of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, or a length of time since previous scrolling. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the scroll information indicates a type of content the user is scrolling. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the content includes collaboration environment content, and wherein presentation of the collaboration environment content is effectuated based on environment state information including user records and work unit records, the environment state information defining a state of a collaboration environment including a user state and a work unit state, wherein the user state is defined by the user records that define values of user parameters associated with users interacting with and/or viewing the collaboration environment, and wherein the work unit state is defined by the work unit records that define values of work unit parameters for units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a work management interface including one or more visual content items corresponding to one or more of the units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
responsive to the user scrolling in the first direction from a first field of view to a second field of view, preloading a first amount of the preloaded content that is outside the second field of view and along the first direction, the first amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view and the second field of view; and responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the second field of view to a third field of view, preloading a second amount of the preloaded content that is outside the third field of view and along the first direction, the second amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, and the third field of view, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: wherein responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the third field of view to a fourth field of view, preloading a third amount of the preloaded content that is outside the fourth field of view and along the first direction, the third amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, the third field of view, and the fourth field of view, wherein the third amount is greater than the second amount. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction; and determining the amount of the body of content the user has viewed while continuously scrolling in the first direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction is responsive to the scrolling reaching and/or surpassing a first threshold amount of scrolling in the first direction and/or a first threshold level within the graphical user interface. | Systems and methods for preloading an amount of content based on user scrolling are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: effectuate presentation of a body of content that takes up a certain amount of display space within a graphical user interface.1. A system configured to preload an amount of content based on user scrolling, the system comprising:
one or more physical processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:
obtain scroll information characterizing user scrolling around a display space to view a body of content, wherein the body of content that takes up a certain amount of the display space within a graphical user interface, wherein a field of view is a portion of the display space visible to a user, and wherein the display space is scrollable such that the field of view is able to be scrolled around the display space to view the body of content, and wherein one or more portions of the display space outside the field of view are not visible to the user and include preloaded content of the body of content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view;
determine, based on the scroll information, that the user is scrolling in a first direction; and
progressively increase an amount of the preloaded content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view along the first direction in proportion to an amount of the body of content the user has viewed while scrolling in the first direction. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein obtaining the scroll information includes receiving scroll input from the user initiating scrolling of the graphical user interface. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the scroll information indicates historical scroll information for the user, the historical scroll information including one or more of an average scroll speed, an average scroll amount, a median scroll amount, an average scroll distance, a median scroll distance, a height and/or amount of content already viewed by the user, a distance of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, a quantity of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, or a length of time since previous scrolling. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the scroll information indicates a type of content the user is scrolling. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the content includes collaboration environment content, and wherein presentation of the collaboration environment content is effectuated based on environment state information including user records and work unit records, the environment state information defining a state of a collaboration environment including a user state and a work unit state, wherein the user state is defined by the user records that define values of user parameters associated with users interacting with and/or viewing the collaboration environment, and wherein the work unit state is defined by the work unit records that define values of work unit parameters for units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a work management interface including one or more visual content items corresponding to one or more of the units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more physical processors are further configured by the machine-readable instructions to:
responsive to the user scrolling in the first direction from a first field of view to a second field of view, preload a first amount of the preloaded content that is outside the second field of view and along the first direction, the first amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view and the second field of view; and responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the second field of view to a third field of view, preload a second amount of the preloaded content that is outside the third field of view and along the first direction, the second amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, and the third field of view, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more physical processors are further configured by the machine-readable instructions to:
responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the third field of view to a fourth field of view, preload a third amount of the preloaded content that is outside the fourth field of view and along the first direction, the third amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, the third field of view, and the fourth field of view, wherein the third amount is greater than the second amount. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more physical processors are further configured by the machine-readable instructions to:
determine that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction; and determine the amount of the body of content the user has viewed while continuously scrolling in the first direction. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the determination that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction is responsive to the scrolling reaching and/or surpassing a first threshold amount of scrolling in the first direction and/or a first threshold level within the graphical user interface. 11. A method for preloading an amount of content based on user scrolling, the method comprising:
obtaining scroll information characterizing user scrolling around a display space to view a body of content, wherein the body of content that takes up a certain amount of the display space within a graphical user interface, wherein a field of view is a portion of the display space visible to a user, and wherein the display space is scrollable such that the field of view is able to be scrolled around the display space to view the body of content, and wherein one or more portions of the display space outside the field of view are not visible to the user and include preloaded content of the body of content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view; determining, based on the scroll information, that the user is scrolling in a first direction; and progressively increasing an amount of the preloaded content which is able to be scrolled into the field of view along the first direction in proportion to an amount of the body of content the user has viewed while scrolling in the first direction. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein obtaining the scroll information includes receiving scroll input from the user initiating scrolling of the graphical user interface. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the scroll information indicates historical scroll information for the user, the historical scroll information including one or more of an average scroll speed, an average scroll amount, a median scroll amount, an average scroll distance, a median scroll distance, a height and/or amount of content already viewed by the user, a distance of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, a quantity of scrolls in relation to maximum page size, or a length of time since previous scrolling. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the scroll information indicates a type of content the user is scrolling. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the content includes collaboration environment content, and wherein presentation of the collaboration environment content is effectuated based on environment state information including user records and work unit records, the environment state information defining a state of a collaboration environment including a user state and a work unit state, wherein the user state is defined by the user records that define values of user parameters associated with users interacting with and/or viewing the collaboration environment, and wherein the work unit state is defined by the work unit records that define values of work unit parameters for units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a work management interface including one or more visual content items corresponding to one or more of the units of work managed, created, and/or assigned within the collaboration environment. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
responsive to the user scrolling in the first direction from a first field of view to a second field of view, preloading a first amount of the preloaded content that is outside the second field of view and along the first direction, the first amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view and the second field of view; and responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the second field of view to a third field of view, preloading a second amount of the preloaded content that is outside the third field of view and along the first direction, the second amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, and the third field of view, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: wherein responsive to the user subsequently scrolling in the first direction from the third field of view to a fourth field of view, preloading a third amount of the preloaded content that is outside the fourth field of view and along the first direction, the third amount being proportional to the amount of the body of content viewed within the first field of view, the second field of view, the third field of view, and the fourth field of view, wherein the third amount is greater than the second amount. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction; and determining the amount of the body of content the user has viewed while continuously scrolling in the first direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining that the user is continuously scrolling in the first direction is responsive to the scrolling reaching and/or surpassing a first threshold amount of scrolling in the first direction and/or a first threshold level within the graphical user interface. | 2,100 |
344,145 | 16,803,593 | 2,117 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for managing beam failure recovery operations. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) generally includes selecting a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ), detecting that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal, determining, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, and transmitting or dropping the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. | 1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
selecting a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ); detecting that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal; determining, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises a format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises a format 1 control channel having HARQ information, the determination includes determining to transmit the other UL signal and dropping the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ; and transmitting or dropping the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein dropping the transmission of the UL control channel comprises deferring the transmission of the UL control channel. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving signaling indicating that the UL control channel has one priority of multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal, wherein the selection of the priority is based on the received signaling. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal include a low priority and a high priority. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the received signaling comprises radio-resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control (MAC)-control element (CE) signaling, downlink control information, or any combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the UL control channel is higher than a priority of the other UL signal. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that a beam failure has occurred for one or more cells, wherein the priority associated with the UL control channel is selected based on a priority associated with the one or more cells. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more cells include one or more cells for which the beam failure has been detected, the beam failure triggering the BFRQ. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving signaling indicating the priority associated with the one or more cells. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the received signaling comprises RRC signaling, MAC-CE signaling, DCI, or any combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining the priority associated with the one or more cells based on a type of traffic carried by the one or more cells. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the type of traffic comprises ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) traffic. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the type of traffic is determined based on a processing time line associated with the traffic, whether a format of DCI configuring the one or more cells supports the type of traffic, a priority associated UL resources of the one or more cells, or any combination thereof. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein:
if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal and if the UL control channel does not comprise the format 0 control channel or the other UL signal does not comprise the format 1 control channel having the HARQ information, the transmission of the UL control channel comprises:
multiplexing the UL control channel with the other UL signal; or
transmitting the UL control channel and dropping the transmission of the other UL signal; and
if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal and if the UL control channel comprises the format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises the format 1 control channel having the HARQ information, the method comprises transmitting the other UL signal and dropping the UL control channel. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination is based on whether the UL control channel comprises the format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises the format 1 control channel having HARQ information. 16. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
selecting a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ); detecting that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal; determining, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel; and transmitting or dropping the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination, wherein transmitting the UL control channel includes multiplexing the UL control channel with the other UL signal if the UL control channel and the other UL signal have the same priority. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises the format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises the format 1 control channel having the HARQ information, the method further comprises receiving an indication of whether to transmit the UL control channel or drop the transmission of the UL control channel, the determination being based on the received indication. 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the other UL signal and drop the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprises receiving an indication of whether to transmit the UL control channel or drop the transmission of the UL control channel, the determination being based on the indication. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is different than a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the UL control channel if the priority associated with the UL control channel is higher than the priority associated with the other UL signal. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the control channel is different than a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the UL control channel having the BFRQ and drop the transmission of the other UL signal. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is different than a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the other UL signal and drop the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprises receiving an indication of whether to transmit the UL control channel or drop the transmission of the UL control channel, the determination being based on the received indication. 27. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory being configured to:
select a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ);
detect that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal;
determine, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises a format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises a format 1 control channel having HARQ information, the determination includes determining to transmit the other UL signal and dropping the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ; and
transmit or drop the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. 28. (canceled) 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon to cause a user equipment (UE) to:
select a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ); detect that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal; determine, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises a format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises a format 1 control channel having HARQ information, the determination includes determining to transmit the other UL signal and dropping the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ; and transmit or drop the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the processor and the memory are further configured to receive signaling indicating that the UL control channel has one priority of multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal, wherein the selection of the priority is based on the received signaling. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further includes instructions stored thereon to cause the UE to receive signaling indicating that the UL control channel has one priority of multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal, wherein the selection of the priority is based on the received signaling. | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for managing beam failure recovery operations. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) generally includes selecting a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ), detecting that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal, determining, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, and transmitting or dropping the UL control channel in accordance with the determination.1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
selecting a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ); detecting that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal; determining, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises a format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises a format 1 control channel having HARQ information, the determination includes determining to transmit the other UL signal and dropping the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ; and transmitting or dropping the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein dropping the transmission of the UL control channel comprises deferring the transmission of the UL control channel. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving signaling indicating that the UL control channel has one priority of multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal, wherein the selection of the priority is based on the received signaling. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal include a low priority and a high priority. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the received signaling comprises radio-resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control (MAC)-control element (CE) signaling, downlink control information, or any combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the UL control channel is higher than a priority of the other UL signal. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that a beam failure has occurred for one or more cells, wherein the priority associated with the UL control channel is selected based on a priority associated with the one or more cells. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more cells include one or more cells for which the beam failure has been detected, the beam failure triggering the BFRQ. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving signaling indicating the priority associated with the one or more cells. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the received signaling comprises RRC signaling, MAC-CE signaling, DCI, or any combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining the priority associated with the one or more cells based on a type of traffic carried by the one or more cells. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the type of traffic comprises ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) traffic. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the type of traffic is determined based on a processing time line associated with the traffic, whether a format of DCI configuring the one or more cells supports the type of traffic, a priority associated UL resources of the one or more cells, or any combination thereof. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein:
if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal and if the UL control channel does not comprise the format 0 control channel or the other UL signal does not comprise the format 1 control channel having the HARQ information, the transmission of the UL control channel comprises:
multiplexing the UL control channel with the other UL signal; or
transmitting the UL control channel and dropping the transmission of the other UL signal; and
if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal and if the UL control channel comprises the format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises the format 1 control channel having the HARQ information, the method comprises transmitting the other UL signal and dropping the UL control channel. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination is based on whether the UL control channel comprises the format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises the format 1 control channel having HARQ information. 16. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
selecting a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ); detecting that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal; determining, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel; and transmitting or dropping the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination, wherein transmitting the UL control channel includes multiplexing the UL control channel with the other UL signal if the UL control channel and the other UL signal have the same priority. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises the format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises the format 1 control channel having the HARQ information, the method further comprises receiving an indication of whether to transmit the UL control channel or drop the transmission of the UL control channel, the determination being based on the received indication. 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is the same as a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the other UL signal and drop the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprises receiving an indication of whether to transmit the UL control channel or drop the transmission of the UL control channel, the determination being based on the indication. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is different than a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the UL control channel if the priority associated with the UL control channel is higher than the priority associated with the other UL signal. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the control channel is different than a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the UL control channel having the BFRQ and drop the transmission of the other UL signal. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein, if the priority associated with the UL control channel is different than a priority associated with the other UL signal, the determination comprises determining to transmit the other UL signal and drop the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprises receiving an indication of whether to transmit the UL control channel or drop the transmission of the UL control channel, the determination being based on the received indication. 27. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory being configured to:
select a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ);
detect that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal;
determine, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises a format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises a format 1 control channel having HARQ information, the determination includes determining to transmit the other UL signal and dropping the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ; and
transmit or drop the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. 28. (canceled) 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon to cause a user equipment (UE) to:
select a priority associated with an uplink (UL) control channel for indicating a beam failure recovery request (BFRQ); detect that the UL control channel is scheduled for transmission using first resources at least partially overlapped with second resources scheduled for transmission of another UL signal; determine, in response to the detection, whether to transmit the UL control channel based on the priority associated with the UL control channel, wherein, if the UL control channel comprises a format 0 control channel and the other UL signal comprises a format 1 control channel having HARQ information, the determination includes determining to transmit the other UL signal and dropping the transmission of the UL control channel having the BFRQ; and transmit or drop the transmission of the UL control channel in accordance with the determination. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the processor and the memory are further configured to receive signaling indicating that the UL control channel has one priority of multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal, wherein the selection of the priority is based on the received signaling. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further includes instructions stored thereon to cause the UE to receive signaling indicating that the UL control channel has one priority of multiple priorities applicable to the other UL signal, wherein the selection of the priority is based on the received signaling. | 2,100 |
344,146 | 16,803,636 | 2,117 | In an aspect, provided is a method comprising receiving a data model, generating a bidirectional table index (BTI) based on the data model, generating a bidirectional association index (BAI) based on the data model and the bidirectional table index, and loading a portion of the data model, the BAI, and the BTI in-memory. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a data model; generating, based on the data model, a first bidirectional table index (BTI), a second BTI, and a third BTI; generating a bidirectional association index (BAI) based on the data model, the second BTI, and the third BTI, wherein a number identifying a position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the second BTI; and loading a portion of the data model, the BAI, and at least one of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI in-memory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a value at the position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the third BTI. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI comprises a hash index. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data model comprises a plurality of tables, wherein each table of the plurality of tables comprises at least one row and at least one column. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising generating a plurality of BTIs, wherein a BTI is generated for each column of each of the plurality of tables. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an update to the data model; regenerating one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI based on the updated data model; and regenerating the BAI based on the updated data model and the regenerated one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein loading the portion of the data model in-memory comprises sequentially loading the portion of the data model in-memory. 8. A method comprising:
generating a first bidirectional table index (BTI), a second BTI, a third BTI, and a bidirectional association index (BAI), wherein a number identifying a position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the second BTI; recalculating a state space based on a user selection in a user interface, the BAI, and one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI, wherein the user interface comprises one or more objects representing data in the state space; and providing an updated version of the user interface comprising one or more objects updated according to the state space based on the user selection. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein recalculating the state space comprises querying the state space to gather all combinations of dimensions and values to perform the recalculation. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the user selection comprises a first attribute. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein recalculating the state space based on the user selection comprises:
accessing the first BTI to determine which of a plurality of rows of a first table comprise the first attribute, wherein the first BTI is associated with the first table; generating a row state indicating which of the plurality of rows of the first table comprise the first attribute; comparing the row state to an inverted index of the second BTI to determine a second attribute, wherein the second BTI is associated with the first table; and identifying the second attribute as associated with the first attribute. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein a value at the position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the third BTI. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining a binary state of each field and of each data table of a data source, resulting in the state space. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the binary state comprises generating the first BTI, the second BTI, the third BTI, and the BAI. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a user selection of data, wherein the data comprises one or more tables; determining, based on a user selection of data, distinct values in one or more tables of the data using a bidirectional association index (BAI) and one or more of a first bidirectional table index (BTI), a second BTI, or a third BTI, wherein a number identifying a position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the second BTI; performing a first calculation on the distinct values; and generating a graphical object based on the first calculation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein performing the first calculation on the distinct values results in a hypercube. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the graphical object comprises the hypercube. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein a value at the position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the third BTI. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the user selection comprises a first attribute. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining, based on the user selection of data, the distinct values in the one or more tables of the data using the BAI and one or more of the first the BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI comprises:
accessing the first BTI to determine which of a plurality of rows of a first table comprise the first attribute, wherein the first BTI is associated with the first table; generating a row state indicating which of the plurality of rows of the first table comprise the first attribute; comparing the row state to an inverted index of the second BTI to determine a second attribute, wherein the second BTI is associated with the first table; and identifying the second attribute as associated with the first attribute. | In an aspect, provided is a method comprising receiving a data model, generating a bidirectional table index (BTI) based on the data model, generating a bidirectional association index (BAI) based on the data model and the bidirectional table index, and loading a portion of the data model, the BAI, and the BTI in-memory.1. A method comprising:
receiving a data model; generating, based on the data model, a first bidirectional table index (BTI), a second BTI, and a third BTI; generating a bidirectional association index (BAI) based on the data model, the second BTI, and the third BTI, wherein a number identifying a position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the second BTI; and loading a portion of the data model, the BAI, and at least one of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI in-memory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a value at the position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the third BTI. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI comprises a hash index. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data model comprises a plurality of tables, wherein each table of the plurality of tables comprises at least one row and at least one column. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising generating a plurality of BTIs, wherein a BTI is generated for each column of each of the plurality of tables. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an update to the data model; regenerating one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI based on the updated data model; and regenerating the BAI based on the updated data model and the regenerated one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein loading the portion of the data model in-memory comprises sequentially loading the portion of the data model in-memory. 8. A method comprising:
generating a first bidirectional table index (BTI), a second BTI, a third BTI, and a bidirectional association index (BAI), wherein a number identifying a position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the second BTI; recalculating a state space based on a user selection in a user interface, the BAI, and one or more of the first BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI, wherein the user interface comprises one or more objects representing data in the state space; and providing an updated version of the user interface comprising one or more objects updated according to the state space based on the user selection. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein recalculating the state space comprises querying the state space to gather all combinations of dimensions and values to perform the recalculation. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the user selection comprises a first attribute. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein recalculating the state space based on the user selection comprises:
accessing the first BTI to determine which of a plurality of rows of a first table comprise the first attribute, wherein the first BTI is associated with the first table; generating a row state indicating which of the plurality of rows of the first table comprise the first attribute; comparing the row state to an inverted index of the second BTI to determine a second attribute, wherein the second BTI is associated with the first table; and identifying the second attribute as associated with the first attribute. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein a value at the position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the third BTI. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining a binary state of each field and of each data table of a data source, resulting in the state space. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the binary state comprises generating the first BTI, the second BTI, the third BTI, and the BAI. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a user selection of data, wherein the data comprises one or more tables; determining, based on a user selection of data, distinct values in one or more tables of the data using a bidirectional association index (BAI) and one or more of a first bidirectional table index (BTI), a second BTI, or a third BTI, wherein a number identifying a position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the second BTI; performing a first calculation on the distinct values; and generating a graphical object based on the first calculation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein performing the first calculation on the distinct values results in a hypercube. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the graphical object comprises the hypercube. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein a value at the position of the BAI corresponds to a row number of the third BTI. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the user selection comprises a first attribute. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining, based on the user selection of data, the distinct values in the one or more tables of the data using the BAI and one or more of the first the BTI, the second BTI, or the third BTI comprises:
accessing the first BTI to determine which of a plurality of rows of a first table comprise the first attribute, wherein the first BTI is associated with the first table; generating a row state indicating which of the plurality of rows of the first table comprise the first attribute; comparing the row state to an inverted index of the second BTI to determine a second attribute, wherein the second BTI is associated with the first table; and identifying the second attribute as associated with the first attribute. | 2,100 |
344,147 | 16,803,629 | 2,667 | Disclosed herein are methods and systems for automated detection of shadow artifacts in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and/or OCT angiography (OCTA). The shadow detection includes applying a machine-learning algorithm to the OCT dataset and the OCTA dataset to detect one or more shadow artifacts in the sample. The machine-learning algorithm is trained with first training data from first training samples that include manufactured shadows and no perfusion defects and second training data from second training samples that include perfusion defects and no manufactured shadows. The shadow artifacts in the OCTA dataset and/or OCT dataset may be suppressed to generate a shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset and/or a shadow-suppressed OCT dataset, respectively. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. | 1. A method for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, the method comprising:
obtaining an OCT dataset of a sample; obtaining an OCT angiography (OCTA) dataset from the OCT dataset; applying a machine-learning algorithm to the OCT dataset and the OCTA dataset to detect one or more shadow artifacts in the sample, wherein the machine-learning algorithm is trained with first training data from first training samples that include manufactured shadows and no perfusion defects and second training data from second training samples that include perfusion defects and no manufactured shadows; and suppressing the shadow artifacts in the OCTA dataset to generate a shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the machine-learning algorithm to detect the one or more shadow artifacts includes detecting the one or more shadow artifacts based one or more feature maps of the OCT dataset and/or the OCTA dataset, wherein the one or more feature maps include on one or more of: a local reflectance feature map based on the OCT dataset, a reflectance standard deviation feature map based on the OCT dataset, a local vessel density feature map based on the OCTA dataset, or a local flow index feature map based on the OCTA dataset. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more feature maps include the local reflectance feature map, and wherein the local reflectance feature map includes normalized reflectance values based on two or more slabs of the OCT dataset that are normalized with respect to position-dependent averaged reflectance maps of an outer slab and an inner slab of a set of healthy samples. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more feature maps further include the reflectance standard deviation feature map. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a regression-based bulk motion subtraction (rb-BMS) algorithm to distinguish vascular from non-vascular voxels in the OCTA dataset prior to application of the machine-learning algorithm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for retinal tissue of the sample. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for choriocapillaris tissue of the sample. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the detected one or more shadow artifacts include one or more shadow artifacts caused by an opacity located at the retina of the sample. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the opacity is associated with a drusen or a large vessel. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining one or more metrics for the sample based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an OCTA image based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 12. A system for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, the system comprising:
an OCT system to acquire an OCT dataset for a sample; a logic subsystem; and a data holding subsystem comprising machine-readable instructions stored thereon that are executable by the logic subsystem to:
obtain an OCT angiography (OCTA) dataset from the OCT dataset;
apply a machine-learning algorithm to the OCT dataset and the OCTA dataset to detect one or more shadow artifacts in the sample, wherein the machine-learning algorithm is trained with first training data from first training samples that include manufactured shadows and no perfusion defects and second training data from second training samples that include perfusion defects and no manufactured shadows; and
suppress the shadow artifacts in the OCTA dataset to generate a shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein application of the machine-learning algorithm to detect the one or more shadow artifacts includes to detect the one or more shadow artifacts based one or more feature maps of the OCT dataset and/or the OCTA dataset, wherein the one or more feature maps include on one or more of: a local reflectance feature map based on the OCT dataset, a reflectance standard deviation feature map based on the OCT dataset, a local vessel density feature map based on the OCTA dataset, or a local flow index feature map based on the OCTA dataset. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more feature maps include the local reflectance feature map, and wherein the local reflectance feature map includes normalized reflectance values based on two or more slabs of the OCT dataset that are normalized with respect to position-dependent averaged reflectance maps of an outer slab and an inner slab of a set of healthy samples. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more feature maps further include the reflectance standard deviation feature map. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable by the logic subsystem to apply a regression-based bulk motion subtraction (rb-BMS) algorithm to distinguish vascular from non-vascular voxels in the OCTA dataset prior to application of the machine-learning algorithm. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for retinal tissue of the sample. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for choriocapillaris tissue of the sample. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the detected one or more shadow artifacts include one or more shadow artifacts caused by an opacity located at the retina of the sample. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the opacity is associated with a drusen or a large vessel. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable by the logic subsystem to determine one or more metrics for the sample based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable by the logic subsystem to generate an OCTA image based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. | Disclosed herein are methods and systems for automated detection of shadow artifacts in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and/or OCT angiography (OCTA). The shadow detection includes applying a machine-learning algorithm to the OCT dataset and the OCTA dataset to detect one or more shadow artifacts in the sample. The machine-learning algorithm is trained with first training data from first training samples that include manufactured shadows and no perfusion defects and second training data from second training samples that include perfusion defects and no manufactured shadows. The shadow artifacts in the OCTA dataset and/or OCT dataset may be suppressed to generate a shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset and/or a shadow-suppressed OCT dataset, respectively. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.1. A method for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, the method comprising:
obtaining an OCT dataset of a sample; obtaining an OCT angiography (OCTA) dataset from the OCT dataset; applying a machine-learning algorithm to the OCT dataset and the OCTA dataset to detect one or more shadow artifacts in the sample, wherein the machine-learning algorithm is trained with first training data from first training samples that include manufactured shadows and no perfusion defects and second training data from second training samples that include perfusion defects and no manufactured shadows; and suppressing the shadow artifacts in the OCTA dataset to generate a shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the machine-learning algorithm to detect the one or more shadow artifacts includes detecting the one or more shadow artifacts based one or more feature maps of the OCT dataset and/or the OCTA dataset, wherein the one or more feature maps include on one or more of: a local reflectance feature map based on the OCT dataset, a reflectance standard deviation feature map based on the OCT dataset, a local vessel density feature map based on the OCTA dataset, or a local flow index feature map based on the OCTA dataset. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more feature maps include the local reflectance feature map, and wherein the local reflectance feature map includes normalized reflectance values based on two or more slabs of the OCT dataset that are normalized with respect to position-dependent averaged reflectance maps of an outer slab and an inner slab of a set of healthy samples. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more feature maps further include the reflectance standard deviation feature map. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a regression-based bulk motion subtraction (rb-BMS) algorithm to distinguish vascular from non-vascular voxels in the OCTA dataset prior to application of the machine-learning algorithm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for retinal tissue of the sample. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for choriocapillaris tissue of the sample. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the detected one or more shadow artifacts include one or more shadow artifacts caused by an opacity located at the retina of the sample. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the opacity is associated with a drusen or a large vessel. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining one or more metrics for the sample based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an OCTA image based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 12. A system for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, the system comprising:
an OCT system to acquire an OCT dataset for a sample; a logic subsystem; and a data holding subsystem comprising machine-readable instructions stored thereon that are executable by the logic subsystem to:
obtain an OCT angiography (OCTA) dataset from the OCT dataset;
apply a machine-learning algorithm to the OCT dataset and the OCTA dataset to detect one or more shadow artifacts in the sample, wherein the machine-learning algorithm is trained with first training data from first training samples that include manufactured shadows and no perfusion defects and second training data from second training samples that include perfusion defects and no manufactured shadows; and
suppress the shadow artifacts in the OCTA dataset to generate a shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein application of the machine-learning algorithm to detect the one or more shadow artifacts includes to detect the one or more shadow artifacts based one or more feature maps of the OCT dataset and/or the OCTA dataset, wherein the one or more feature maps include on one or more of: a local reflectance feature map based on the OCT dataset, a reflectance standard deviation feature map based on the OCT dataset, a local vessel density feature map based on the OCTA dataset, or a local flow index feature map based on the OCTA dataset. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more feature maps include the local reflectance feature map, and wherein the local reflectance feature map includes normalized reflectance values based on two or more slabs of the OCT dataset that are normalized with respect to position-dependent averaged reflectance maps of an outer slab and an inner slab of a set of healthy samples. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more feature maps further include the reflectance standard deviation feature map. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable by the logic subsystem to apply a regression-based bulk motion subtraction (rb-BMS) algorithm to distinguish vascular from non-vascular voxels in the OCTA dataset prior to application of the machine-learning algorithm. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for retinal tissue of the sample. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the OCT dataset includes OCT data for choriocapillaris tissue of the sample. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the detected one or more shadow artifacts include one or more shadow artifacts caused by an opacity located at the retina of the sample. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the opacity is associated with a drusen or a large vessel. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable by the logic subsystem to determine one or more metrics for the sample based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable by the logic subsystem to generate an OCTA image based on the shadow-suppressed OCTA dataset. | 2,600 |
344,148 | 16,803,599 | 2,667 | Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a peer device. The method generates control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication. The control information includes a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data. The method then transmits the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources. The first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion. The method further transmits the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. | 1. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
generating control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmitting the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmitting the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or different precodings for RS. 14. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
receiving, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and receiving, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 25. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 26. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or precodings for RS. 27. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: generate control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmit the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmit the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 28. The peer wireless communication device of claim 27, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 29. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to:
receive, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and
receive, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 30. The peer wireless communication device of claim 29, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). | Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a peer device. The method generates control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication. The control information includes a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data. The method then transmits the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources. The first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion. The method further transmits the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format.1. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
generating control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmitting the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmitting the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or different precodings for RS. 14. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
receiving, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and receiving, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 25. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 26. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or precodings for RS. 27. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: generate control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmit the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmit the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 28. The peer wireless communication device of claim 27, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 29. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to:
receive, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and
receive, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 30. The peer wireless communication device of claim 29, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). | 2,600 |
344,149 | 16,803,640 | 3,698 | Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a peer device. The method generates control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication. The control information includes a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data. The method then transmits the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources. The first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion. The method further transmits the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. | 1. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
generating control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmitting the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmitting the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or different precodings for RS. 14. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
receiving, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and receiving, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 25. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 26. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or precodings for RS. 27. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: generate control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmit the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmit the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 28. The peer wireless communication device of claim 27, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 29. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to:
receive, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and
receive, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 30. The peer wireless communication device of claim 29, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). | Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a peer device. The method generates control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication. The control information includes a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data. The method then transmits the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources. The first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion. The method further transmits the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format.1. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
generating control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmitting the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmitting the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or different precodings for RS. 14. A method for wireless communications by a peer device, comprising:
receiving, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and receiving, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first set of data comprises information that indicates assignments of resources for the peer-to-peer communication; and the second set of data comprises at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process identification (ID), source ID, destination ID, new data indicator (NDI), or redundancy version ID (RVID). 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises at least one of:
a periodicity if same resources are reserved for periodic peer-to-peer communication; or a quality of service (QoS) or priority of the peer-to-peer communication. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first set of data comprises:
a reference signal (RS) pattern for the second time and frequency resources. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data comprises at least one of:
an identifier indicating one or more intended recipients of traffic; information regarding a location of a transmitter; or an identifier of the transmitter. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted with different code rates. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the first portion is transmitted with a fixed code rate; and the second portion is transmitted with a code rate that varies. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein:
transmission of the second portion is multiplexed with data transmission; and the second portion and the data transmission share at least one of: demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel estimation, number of layers, or precoding. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein based on the control information format indicating a group-cast type, the second set of data comprises a zone identifier. 25. The method of claim 14, wherein the second set of data included in the second portion of the control information is based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 26. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are transmitted using at least one of:
different quasi co-location (QCL) assumptions for reference signals (RS); or precodings for RS. 27. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: generate control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, wherein the control information comprises a first portion with a first set of data and a second portion with a second set of data; transmit the first portion of the control information in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, wherein the first portion indicates a control information format of the second portion; and transmit the second portion of the control information in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indicated control information format. 28. The peer wireless communication device of claim 27, wherein the control information format is one of a plurality of control information formats, the control information format being based on a casting type of the peer-to-peer communication. 29. A peer wireless communication device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to:
receive, in a first stage using first time and frequency resources, a first portion of control information to schedule peer-to-peer communication, the first portion including a first set of data and an indication of a control information format of a second portion of the control information; and
receive, in a second stage using second time and frequency resources and the indication of the control information format, the second portion of the control information, the second portion comprising a second set of data. 30. The peer wireless communication device of claim 29, wherein the first portion is transmitted in a control channel comprising a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). | 3,600 |
344,150 | 16,803,588 | 3,698 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described in which a UE may transmit an indication to a base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure that updates one or more beamforming parameters of one or more transmission beams. The UE may establish a connection with the base station via the one or more transmission beams. The UE may receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, the received MAC-CE communication indicating one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure. The UE may perform the beam update procedure, based on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
establishing a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams; transmitting an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
transmitting a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receiving an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 6. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
establishing a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams; receiving, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
measuring a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identifying one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmitting an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. 11. An apparatus for wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to:
establish a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams;
transmit an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
transmit a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receive an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory are configured to:
establish a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams;
receive, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
measure a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identify one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmit an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described in which a UE may transmit an indication to a base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure that updates one or more beamforming parameters of one or more transmission beams. The UE may establish a connection with the base station via the one or more transmission beams. The UE may receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, the received MAC-CE communication indicating one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure. The UE may perform the beam update procedure, based on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
establishing a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams; transmitting an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
transmitting a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receiving an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 6. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
establishing a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams; receiving, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
measuring a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identifying one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmitting an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. 11. An apparatus for wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to:
establish a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams;
transmit an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
transmit a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receive an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory are configured to:
establish a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams;
receive, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
measure a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identify one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmit an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. | 3,600 |
344,151 | 16,803,637 | 3,698 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described in which a UE may transmit an indication to a base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure that updates one or more beamforming parameters of one or more transmission beams. The UE may establish a connection with the base station via the one or more transmission beams. The UE may receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, the received MAC-CE communication indicating one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure. The UE may perform the beam update procedure, based on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
establishing a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams; transmitting an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
transmitting a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receiving an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 6. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
establishing a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams; receiving, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
measuring a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identifying one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmitting an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. 11. An apparatus for wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to:
establish a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams;
transmit an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
transmit a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receive an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory are configured to:
establish a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams;
receive, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
measure a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identify one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmit an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described in which a UE may transmit an indication to a base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure that updates one or more beamforming parameters of one or more transmission beams. The UE may establish a connection with the base station via the one or more transmission beams. The UE may receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, the received MAC-CE communication indicating one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure. The UE may perform the beam update procedure, based on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
establishing a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams; transmitting an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
transmitting a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receiving an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 6. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
establishing a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams; receiving, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams; transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and performing the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the beam update procedure identifies an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the performing the beam update procedure comprises:
measuring a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identifying one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmitting an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. 11. An apparatus for wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to:
establish a connection with a base station via one or more transmission beams;
transmit an indication to the base station that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the received MAC-CE communication indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the indication to the base station is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
transmit a plurality of SRSs to the base station responsive to the MAC-CE, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different uplink beam; and receive an indication of one or more updated beam parameters from the base station. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory are configured to:
establish a connection with a user equipment (UE) via one or more transmission beams;
receive, from the UE, an indication that the UE supports a beam update procedure, wherein the beam update procedure updates one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams;
transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) communication to the UE to initiate the beam update procedure, wherein the MAC-CE communication to the UE indicates one or more aperiodic sounding reference signal (SRS) resources to be used in the beam update procedure; and
perform the beam update procedure, based at least in part on the MAC-CE communication, to update one or more beamforming parameters of the one or more transmission beams. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify updated spatial relation parameters for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to identify an uplink transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for an uplink beam to be transmitted from the UE to the base station. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indication received from the UE is transmitted in one or more of a radio resource control (RRC) message, an uplink MAC-CE, a data payload, or any combinations thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to:
measure a plurality of SRSs transmitted by the UE responsive to the MAC-CE communication, each of the plurality of SRSs having different spatial relation parameters associated with a different beam; identify one or more updated beam parameters based at least in part on the measuring; and transmit an indication of the one or more updated beam parameters to the UE. | 3,600 |
344,152 | 16,803,609 | 3,698 | Mock test data is generated by providing a random input to a generator model. The random input is transformed into generated data that is then provided to a discriminator model along with production data. The discriminator model classifies the generated data and the production data as either fake or real. The discriminator model is trained by updating weights through backpropagation. Similarly, the generator model is trained to provide adjusted generated data. When the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data, the generator model is used to generate mock data for an application being tested. | 1. A method for generating mock test data for an application comprising:
providing a random input to a generator model; transforming the random input into generated data; providing the generated data to a discriminator model; providing production data to the discriminator model; producing classifications for the production data and the generated data by classifying the production data and the generated data as classified real data or classified fake data; training the discriminator model by updating weights through backpropagation; training the generator model to provide adjusted generated data; providing the adjusted generated data to the discriminator model; when the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data using the generator model to generate the adjusted generated data for the application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the generated data comprises inputting random data to the generator. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the random data is data is created using a normal distribution. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the random data is created using Monte Carlo Methods. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the random data is created using a random number generator. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a neural network. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a recurrent neural network. 8. A system for generating mock test data for an application comprising:
a memory for storing computer instructions; a processor coupled with the memory, wherein the processor, responsive to executing the computer instructions, performs operations comprising:
providing a random input to a generator model;
transforming the random input into generated data;
providing the generated data to a discriminator model;
providing production data to the discriminator model;
producing classifications for the production data and the generated data by classifying the production data and the generated data as classified real data or classified fake data;
training the discriminator model by updating weights through backpropagation;
training the generator model to provide adjusted generated data;
providing the adjusted generated data to the discriminator model;
when the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data using the generator model to generate the adjusted generated data for the application. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein generating the generated data comprises inputting random data to the generator. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the random data is data is created using a normal distribution. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the random data is created using Monte Carlo Methods. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the random data is created using a random number generator. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a neural network. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a recurrent neural network. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
providing a random input to a generator model; transforming the random input into generated data; providing the generated data to a discriminator model; providing production data to the discriminator model; producing classifications for the production data and the generated data by classifying the production data and the generated data as classified real data or classified fake data; training the discriminator model by updating weights through backpropagation; training the generator model to provide adjusted generated data; providing the adjusted generated data to the discriminator model; when the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data using the generator model to generate the adjusted generated data for an application. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating the generated data comprises inputting random data to the generator. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the random data is data is created using a normal distribution. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the random data is created using Monte Carlo Methods. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the random data is created using a random number generator. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a neural network. | Mock test data is generated by providing a random input to a generator model. The random input is transformed into generated data that is then provided to a discriminator model along with production data. The discriminator model classifies the generated data and the production data as either fake or real. The discriminator model is trained by updating weights through backpropagation. Similarly, the generator model is trained to provide adjusted generated data. When the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data, the generator model is used to generate mock data for an application being tested.1. A method for generating mock test data for an application comprising:
providing a random input to a generator model; transforming the random input into generated data; providing the generated data to a discriminator model; providing production data to the discriminator model; producing classifications for the production data and the generated data by classifying the production data and the generated data as classified real data or classified fake data; training the discriminator model by updating weights through backpropagation; training the generator model to provide adjusted generated data; providing the adjusted generated data to the discriminator model; when the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data using the generator model to generate the adjusted generated data for the application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the generated data comprises inputting random data to the generator. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the random data is data is created using a normal distribution. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the random data is created using Monte Carlo Methods. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the random data is created using a random number generator. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a neural network. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a recurrent neural network. 8. A system for generating mock test data for an application comprising:
a memory for storing computer instructions; a processor coupled with the memory, wherein the processor, responsive to executing the computer instructions, performs operations comprising:
providing a random input to a generator model;
transforming the random input into generated data;
providing the generated data to a discriminator model;
providing production data to the discriminator model;
producing classifications for the production data and the generated data by classifying the production data and the generated data as classified real data or classified fake data;
training the discriminator model by updating weights through backpropagation;
training the generator model to provide adjusted generated data;
providing the adjusted generated data to the discriminator model;
when the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data using the generator model to generate the adjusted generated data for the application. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein generating the generated data comprises inputting random data to the generator. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the random data is data is created using a normal distribution. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the random data is created using Monte Carlo Methods. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the random data is created using a random number generator. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a neural network. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a recurrent neural network. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
providing a random input to a generator model; transforming the random input into generated data; providing the generated data to a discriminator model; providing production data to the discriminator model; producing classifications for the production data and the generated data by classifying the production data and the generated data as classified real data or classified fake data; training the discriminator model by updating weights through backpropagation; training the generator model to provide adjusted generated data; providing the adjusted generated data to the discriminator model; when the discriminator model is unable to distinguish between the classified real data and the adjusted generated data using the generator model to generate the adjusted generated data for an application. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating the generated data comprises inputting random data to the generator. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the random data is data is created using a normal distribution. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the random data is created using Monte Carlo Methods. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the random data is created using a random number generator. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the generator model and the discriminator model comprise a neural network. | 3,600 |
344,153 | 16,803,618 | 3,698 | A method for producing printed matter that includes applying one of a first pretreatment liquid and a second pretreatment liquid, the other of the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, and then an aqueous ink, in this order, to a recording region of a substrate using an inkjet recording apparatus, wherein the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid are jetted so as to land on the substrate in a fixed order, the first pretreatment liquid contains a coagulant, and the second pretreatment liquid does not contain a coagulant, but contains a penetrant. | 1. A method for producing printed matter, the method comprising applying one of a first pretreatment liquid and a second pretreatment liquid, another of the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, and an aqueous ink, in this order, to a recording region of a substrate using an inkjet recording apparatus, wherein the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid are jetted so as to land on the substrate in a fixed order, the first pretreatment liquid comprises a coagulant, and the second pretreatment liquid does not comprise a coagulant, but comprises a penetrant. 2. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises applying the second pretreatment liquid, the first pretreatment liquid and the aqueous ink to the substrate in this order. 3. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the coagulant comprises an organic acid. 4. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the penetrant comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, and a water-soluble organic solvent having an SP value of not more than 14 (cal/cm3)1/2. 5. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 4, surfactant comprises a silicon-based surfactant. 6. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein for the pretreatment liquid that lands on the substrate first among the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, at least one of a landing time difference ΔTX between two dots which are arranged along a main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along the main scanning direction, and a landing time difference ΔTY between two dots which are arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction, is at least 10 ms. 7. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the inkjet recording apparatus is a serial-type inkjet recording apparatus. 8. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises applying the first pretreatment liquid, the second pretreatment liquid and the aqueous ink to the substrate in this order. 9. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 8, wherein the first pretreatment liquid comprises water and an ink coagulant. 10. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 9, wherein the first pretreatment liquid comprises from 1 to 20% by mass of the ink coagulant relative to the total mass of the first pretreatment liquid. 11. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 8, wherein the amount applied of the second pretreatment liquid per unit of the recording region of the substrate is within a range from 0.5 to 15 g/m2. 12. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein the coagulant comprises an organic acid. 13. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein the penetrant comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, and a water-soluble organic solvent having an SP value of not more than 14 (cal/cm3)1/2. 14. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 13, wherein the surfactant comprises a silicon-based surfactant. 15. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein for the pretreatment liquid that lands on the substrate first among the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, at least one of a landing time difference ΔTX between two dots which are arranged along a main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along the main scanning direction, and a landing time difference ΔTY between two dots which are arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction, is at least 10 ms. 16. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein the inkjet recording apparatus is a serial-type inkjet recording apparatus. | A method for producing printed matter that includes applying one of a first pretreatment liquid and a second pretreatment liquid, the other of the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, and then an aqueous ink, in this order, to a recording region of a substrate using an inkjet recording apparatus, wherein the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid are jetted so as to land on the substrate in a fixed order, the first pretreatment liquid contains a coagulant, and the second pretreatment liquid does not contain a coagulant, but contains a penetrant.1. A method for producing printed matter, the method comprising applying one of a first pretreatment liquid and a second pretreatment liquid, another of the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, and an aqueous ink, in this order, to a recording region of a substrate using an inkjet recording apparatus, wherein the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid are jetted so as to land on the substrate in a fixed order, the first pretreatment liquid comprises a coagulant, and the second pretreatment liquid does not comprise a coagulant, but comprises a penetrant. 2. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises applying the second pretreatment liquid, the first pretreatment liquid and the aqueous ink to the substrate in this order. 3. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the coagulant comprises an organic acid. 4. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the penetrant comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, and a water-soluble organic solvent having an SP value of not more than 14 (cal/cm3)1/2. 5. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 4, surfactant comprises a silicon-based surfactant. 6. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein for the pretreatment liquid that lands on the substrate first among the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, at least one of a landing time difference ΔTX between two dots which are arranged along a main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along the main scanning direction, and a landing time difference ΔTY between two dots which are arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction, is at least 10 ms. 7. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the inkjet recording apparatus is a serial-type inkjet recording apparatus. 8. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises applying the first pretreatment liquid, the second pretreatment liquid and the aqueous ink to the substrate in this order. 9. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 8, wherein the first pretreatment liquid comprises water and an ink coagulant. 10. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 9, wherein the first pretreatment liquid comprises from 1 to 20% by mass of the ink coagulant relative to the total mass of the first pretreatment liquid. 11. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 8, wherein the amount applied of the second pretreatment liquid per unit of the recording region of the substrate is within a range from 0.5 to 15 g/m2. 12. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein the coagulant comprises an organic acid. 13. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein the penetrant comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, and a water-soluble organic solvent having an SP value of not more than 14 (cal/cm3)1/2. 14. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 13, wherein the surfactant comprises a silicon-based surfactant. 15. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein for the pretreatment liquid that lands on the substrate first among the first pretreatment liquid and the second pretreatment liquid, at least one of a landing time difference ΔTX between two dots which are arranged along a main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along the main scanning direction, and a landing time difference ΔTY between two dots which are arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction and for which a distance between the dots reaches a shortest value among any two dots arranged along a direction that intersects the main scanning direction, is at least 10 ms. 16. The method for producing printed matter according to claim 2, wherein the inkjet recording apparatus is a serial-type inkjet recording apparatus. | 3,600 |
344,154 | 16,803,607 | 3,698 | An apparatus and method for filling a container with fragile fruit involving submerging the container in water to better distribute the fragile fruit within the container. The container may be filled with fragile fruit either before or after being submerged in water. The fragile fruit may be transported using a stream of water or other suitable fluid medium. | 1. An apparatus for wet filling a container with fragile fruit, the apparatus comprising:
a dip tank affixed to a frame and configured to hold a fluid; a moveable platform for receiving a container, the platform mounted above the dip tank; a transport chute positioned near the frame and configured to accommodate a stream of water to transport the fragile fruit to a hopper; a hopper in communication with the transport chute, the hopper operably connected to a load cell for measuring a weight of the fragile fruit in the hopper; means for transporting the fragile fruit from the hopper to the container; a raising and lowering apparatus affixed to the frame and configured to raise and lower the platform from a raised position in which the container is not submerged in the fluid to a lowered position in which the container is partially or fully submerged in the fluid; and a dryer located downstream of the dip tank and configured to dry the container and the fragile fruit. 2. A method of wet filling a container with fragile fruit, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a container defining small openings; transporting the fragile fruit to a hopper; weighing the fragile fruit in the hopper; positioning the container above a dip tank containing a fluid; partially or fully submerging the container in a fluid; filling the submerged container with fragile fruit; raising the container out of the dip tank to capture the fragile fruit in a desired orientation; and drying the fragile fruit. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of:
shaking the container while it is submerged. 4. An apparatus for dry filling a container with fragile fruit, the apparatus comprising:
a dip tank affixed to a frame and configured to hold a fluid; a berry conveyor located near the dip tank for transporting the fragile fruit to a hopper; a hopper in communication with the berry conveyor, the hopper operably connected to a load cell for measuring a weight of the fragile fruit in the hopper; means for transporting the fragile fruit from the hopper to the container to create a filled container; a raising and lowering apparatus affixed to the frame and configured to raise and lower the filled container from a raised position in which the filled container is not submerged in the fluid to a lowered position in which the filled container is partially or fully submerged in the fluid; and a dryer located downstream of the dip tank and configured to remove fluid from the container and the fragile fruit. 5. A method of dry filling a container with fragile fruit, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a container defining small openings; transporting the fragile fruit to a hopper; weighing the fragile fruit in the hopper; transferring the fragile fruit from the hopper to an empty container to create filled container; partially or fully submerging the filled container in fluid; lifting the container vertically upward to capture the fragile fruit in a desired orientation; and drying the fragile fruit. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of:
shaking the container while it is submerged. | An apparatus and method for filling a container with fragile fruit involving submerging the container in water to better distribute the fragile fruit within the container. The container may be filled with fragile fruit either before or after being submerged in water. The fragile fruit may be transported using a stream of water or other suitable fluid medium.1. An apparatus for wet filling a container with fragile fruit, the apparatus comprising:
a dip tank affixed to a frame and configured to hold a fluid; a moveable platform for receiving a container, the platform mounted above the dip tank; a transport chute positioned near the frame and configured to accommodate a stream of water to transport the fragile fruit to a hopper; a hopper in communication with the transport chute, the hopper operably connected to a load cell for measuring a weight of the fragile fruit in the hopper; means for transporting the fragile fruit from the hopper to the container; a raising and lowering apparatus affixed to the frame and configured to raise and lower the platform from a raised position in which the container is not submerged in the fluid to a lowered position in which the container is partially or fully submerged in the fluid; and a dryer located downstream of the dip tank and configured to dry the container and the fragile fruit. 2. A method of wet filling a container with fragile fruit, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a container defining small openings; transporting the fragile fruit to a hopper; weighing the fragile fruit in the hopper; positioning the container above a dip tank containing a fluid; partially or fully submerging the container in a fluid; filling the submerged container with fragile fruit; raising the container out of the dip tank to capture the fragile fruit in a desired orientation; and drying the fragile fruit. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of:
shaking the container while it is submerged. 4. An apparatus for dry filling a container with fragile fruit, the apparatus comprising:
a dip tank affixed to a frame and configured to hold a fluid; a berry conveyor located near the dip tank for transporting the fragile fruit to a hopper; a hopper in communication with the berry conveyor, the hopper operably connected to a load cell for measuring a weight of the fragile fruit in the hopper; means for transporting the fragile fruit from the hopper to the container to create a filled container; a raising and lowering apparatus affixed to the frame and configured to raise and lower the filled container from a raised position in which the filled container is not submerged in the fluid to a lowered position in which the filled container is partially or fully submerged in the fluid; and a dryer located downstream of the dip tank and configured to remove fluid from the container and the fragile fruit. 5. A method of dry filling a container with fragile fruit, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a container defining small openings; transporting the fragile fruit to a hopper; weighing the fragile fruit in the hopper; transferring the fragile fruit from the hopper to an empty container to create filled container; partially or fully submerging the filled container in fluid; lifting the container vertically upward to capture the fragile fruit in a desired orientation; and drying the fragile fruit. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of:
shaking the container while it is submerged. | 3,600 |
344,155 | 16,803,555 | 3,698 | A relay array may connect an electrical device (e.g., an inverter, power converter, etc.) to a utility grid. Based on a detection of a power interruption or fault, the relay array may disconnect the electrical device from the grid to ensure safety or reduce damage to the electrical device or grid. The relay array may include one or more electromechanical relays (e.g., latching relays). A safety catch may prevent the latching relay(s) from changing states. The electrical device may be configured to facilitate removal of the safety catch once the ability to change states is desired. The latching relay(s) may also be supplied with a power pulse for changing a state of the latching relay(s). The power pulse may be provided by a power bank that may be maintained with power in case of a power interruption or fault. | 1. A circuit comprising:
a relay leg configured to connect a power source to a grid via a first switching contact controlled by a first control coil and a second switching contact controlled by a second control coil different from the first control coil, wherein at least one of the first switching contact or the second switching contact comprises a switching contact of an electromechanical relay. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is connected to a single phase of the grid. 3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is connected to three phases of the grid. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is connected to three phases of the grid and to a neutral conductor. 5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the electromechanical relay comprises a latching relay configured to change a switching contact state in response to receiving power above a threshold. 6. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to control, based on input data, the electromechanical relay. 7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit comprises a power bank configured to output power to change a state of the electromechanical relay. 8. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit comprises a monitoring circuit configured to receive a signal from a controller at predetermined intervals. 9. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit is configured to:
control, using a first control signal, the first switching contact; and control, using a second control signal, the second switching contact. 10. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a safety catch configured to prevent the electromechanical relay from conducting. 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the electromechanical relay is configured to conduct based on a removal of the safety catch. 12. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising an inverter configured to receive electrical power from the power source and convert a direct current (DC) power into an alternating current (AC) power. 13. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second relay leg configured to connect the power source to the grid via a third switching contact and a fourth switching contact, wherein the third switching contact of the second relay leg and the first switching contact of the first relay leg are different switching contacts of a dual-pole relay. 14. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first control coil controls a third switching contact on a second relay leg different from the relay leg. 15. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switching contact is controlled by a multi-coil latching relay. 16. A system comprising:
a first control circuit; a first relay leg comprising: a first switching contact connected to a first terminal and controlled by the first control circuit; and a second relay leg comprising: a second switching contact connected to a second terminal and controlled by the first control circuit; and a connection box comprising:
a second control circuit;
a first connection terminal connected to a grid via a third switching contact controlled by the second control circuit, wherein the first connection terminal is connected to the first terminal; and
a second connection terminal connected to the grid via a fourth switching contact controlled by the second control circuit, wherein the second connection terminal is connected to the second terminal;
wherein at least one of the first switching contact, the second switching contact, the third switching contact, or the fourth switching contact comprises a switching contact of an electromechanical relay. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second control circuit is configured to communicate with the first control circuit. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the first switching contact and the second switching contact are controlled by a first control coil. 19. The system of claim 16,
wherein the first connection terminal is connected to a third terminal of a third relay leg, wherein the second connection terminal is connected to a fourth terminal of a fourth relay leg, and wherein the third relay leg and the fourth relay leg belong to a second electrical device different from a first electrical device comprising the first relay leg and the second relay leg. 20. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a first electrical device comprising the first relay leg; and a second electrical device comprising the second relay leg. | A relay array may connect an electrical device (e.g., an inverter, power converter, etc.) to a utility grid. Based on a detection of a power interruption or fault, the relay array may disconnect the electrical device from the grid to ensure safety or reduce damage to the electrical device or grid. The relay array may include one or more electromechanical relays (e.g., latching relays). A safety catch may prevent the latching relay(s) from changing states. The electrical device may be configured to facilitate removal of the safety catch once the ability to change states is desired. The latching relay(s) may also be supplied with a power pulse for changing a state of the latching relay(s). The power pulse may be provided by a power bank that may be maintained with power in case of a power interruption or fault.1. A circuit comprising:
a relay leg configured to connect a power source to a grid via a first switching contact controlled by a first control coil and a second switching contact controlled by a second control coil different from the first control coil, wherein at least one of the first switching contact or the second switching contact comprises a switching contact of an electromechanical relay. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is connected to a single phase of the grid. 3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is connected to three phases of the grid. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is connected to three phases of the grid and to a neutral conductor. 5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the electromechanical relay comprises a latching relay configured to change a switching contact state in response to receiving power above a threshold. 6. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to control, based on input data, the electromechanical relay. 7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit comprises a power bank configured to output power to change a state of the electromechanical relay. 8. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit comprises a monitoring circuit configured to receive a signal from a controller at predetermined intervals. 9. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit is configured to:
control, using a first control signal, the first switching contact; and control, using a second control signal, the second switching contact. 10. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a safety catch configured to prevent the electromechanical relay from conducting. 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the electromechanical relay is configured to conduct based on a removal of the safety catch. 12. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising an inverter configured to receive electrical power from the power source and convert a direct current (DC) power into an alternating current (AC) power. 13. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second relay leg configured to connect the power source to the grid via a third switching contact and a fourth switching contact, wherein the third switching contact of the second relay leg and the first switching contact of the first relay leg are different switching contacts of a dual-pole relay. 14. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first control coil controls a third switching contact on a second relay leg different from the relay leg. 15. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switching contact is controlled by a multi-coil latching relay. 16. A system comprising:
a first control circuit; a first relay leg comprising: a first switching contact connected to a first terminal and controlled by the first control circuit; and a second relay leg comprising: a second switching contact connected to a second terminal and controlled by the first control circuit; and a connection box comprising:
a second control circuit;
a first connection terminal connected to a grid via a third switching contact controlled by the second control circuit, wherein the first connection terminal is connected to the first terminal; and
a second connection terminal connected to the grid via a fourth switching contact controlled by the second control circuit, wherein the second connection terminal is connected to the second terminal;
wherein at least one of the first switching contact, the second switching contact, the third switching contact, or the fourth switching contact comprises a switching contact of an electromechanical relay. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second control circuit is configured to communicate with the first control circuit. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the first switching contact and the second switching contact are controlled by a first control coil. 19. The system of claim 16,
wherein the first connection terminal is connected to a third terminal of a third relay leg, wherein the second connection terminal is connected to a fourth terminal of a fourth relay leg, and wherein the third relay leg and the fourth relay leg belong to a second electrical device different from a first electrical device comprising the first relay leg and the second relay leg. 20. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a first electrical device comprising the first relay leg; and a second electrical device comprising the second relay leg. | 3,600 |
344,156 | 16,803,587 | 3,698 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and a contact plug. The first conductive layer is disposed on the substrate and contains a metal silicide. The second conductive layer is disposed on the first conductive layer and contains a metal having bond dissociation energy larger than bond dissociation energy of the metal silicide. The contact plug is disposed on the second conductive layer and includes a main body portion, and a peripheral portion disposed on the surface of the main body portion and containing titanium. | 1. (canceled) 2. A semiconductor device comprising:
a base layer including silicon; a first conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising silicon and at least one element selected from titanium, tungsten, cobalt, and nickel; a contact plug, disposed above the first conductive layer, that includes: (a) a main body portion that includes a metal, and (b) a peripheral portion disposed on a bottom surface and a side surface of the main body portion, the peripheral portion including titanium; and a second conductive layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the contact plug and including at least one element selected from tungsten, niobium, rhenium, and titanium. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the base layer includes a recess and the first conductive layer is disposed in the recess of the substrate. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising an insulating layer having a contact hole, wherein the contact plug is disposed in the contact hole of the insulating layer. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the insulating layer comprises a stacked body having a plurality of insulating layers. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising an insulating layer having a contact hole, wherein the second conductive layer and the contact plug are disposed entirely within the contact hole of the insulating layer. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the first conductive layer comprises any one of titanium silicide, tungsten silicide, cobalt silicide, or nickel silicide. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the peripheral portion has (a) a first layer disposed on the bottom surface and the side surface of the main body portion and includes titanium nitride and (b) a second layer disposed on a surface of the first layer and includes titanium. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third conductive layer, disposed between the first and second conductive layers, the third conductive layer including titanium nitride. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the third conductive layer includes a side surface and a bottom surface surrounded by the first conductive layer. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and a contact plug. The first conductive layer is disposed on the substrate and contains a metal silicide. The second conductive layer is disposed on the first conductive layer and contains a metal having bond dissociation energy larger than bond dissociation energy of the metal silicide. The contact plug is disposed on the second conductive layer and includes a main body portion, and a peripheral portion disposed on the surface of the main body portion and containing titanium.1. (canceled) 2. A semiconductor device comprising:
a base layer including silicon; a first conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising silicon and at least one element selected from titanium, tungsten, cobalt, and nickel; a contact plug, disposed above the first conductive layer, that includes: (a) a main body portion that includes a metal, and (b) a peripheral portion disposed on a bottom surface and a side surface of the main body portion, the peripheral portion including titanium; and a second conductive layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the contact plug and including at least one element selected from tungsten, niobium, rhenium, and titanium. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the base layer includes a recess and the first conductive layer is disposed in the recess of the substrate. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising an insulating layer having a contact hole, wherein the contact plug is disposed in the contact hole of the insulating layer. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the insulating layer comprises a stacked body having a plurality of insulating layers. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising an insulating layer having a contact hole, wherein the second conductive layer and the contact plug are disposed entirely within the contact hole of the insulating layer. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the first conductive layer comprises any one of titanium silicide, tungsten silicide, cobalt silicide, or nickel silicide. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the peripheral portion has (a) a first layer disposed on the bottom surface and the side surface of the main body portion and includes titanium nitride and (b) a second layer disposed on a surface of the first layer and includes titanium. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third conductive layer, disposed between the first and second conductive layers, the third conductive layer including titanium nitride. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the third conductive layer includes a side surface and a bottom surface surrounded by the first conductive layer. | 3,600 |
344,157 | 16,803,611 | 3,698 | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor. | 1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; a first accumulator; a first compressor; a second accumulator; a second compressor; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first, second, and third valves are closed;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first accumulator;
the second accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first compressor; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the second accumulator,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the first accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the second accumulator. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the first accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein during the third mode of operation, the second accumulator directs the oil in the second accumulator to the second compressor. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil in the oil reservoir, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
opening a third valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by a first accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the first accumulator;
receiving, by a second accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first compressor; and
compressing by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the second accumulator,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
closing the second valve;
opening the third valve; and
directing, by the third valve, primary refrigerant from the vessel to the first accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first and third valves;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the second compressor, the oil in the vessel to the second accumulator. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the first accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing a fourth valve and a fifth valve; opening a sixth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the first accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the third mode of operation, directing, by the second accumulator, the oil in the second accumulator to the second compressor. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil in the oil reservoir; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; a first accumulator; a first compressor; a second accumulator; a second compressor; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first accumulator;
the second accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first compressor; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the second accumulator,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the first accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the second accumulator. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the first accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein during the third mode of operation, the second accumulator directs the oil in the second accumulator to the second compressor. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil in the oil reservoir, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor.1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; a first accumulator; a first compressor; a second accumulator; a second compressor; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first, second, and third valves are closed;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first accumulator;
the second accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first compressor; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the second accumulator,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the first accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the second accumulator. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the first accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein during the third mode of operation, the second accumulator directs the oil in the second accumulator to the second compressor. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil in the oil reservoir, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
opening a third valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by a first accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the first accumulator;
receiving, by a second accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first compressor; and
compressing by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the second accumulator,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
closing the second valve;
opening the third valve; and
directing, by the third valve, primary refrigerant from the vessel to the first accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first and third valves;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the second compressor, the oil in the vessel to the second accumulator. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the first accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing a fourth valve and a fifth valve; opening a sixth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the first accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the third mode of operation, directing, by the second accumulator, the oil in the second accumulator to the second compressor. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil in the oil reservoir; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; a first accumulator; a first compressor; a second accumulator; a second compressor; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first accumulator;
the second accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first compressor; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the second accumulator,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the first accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the second accumulator. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the first accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the first accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein during the third mode of operation, the second accumulator directs the oil in the second accumulator to the second compressor. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil in the oil reservoir, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | 3,600 |
344,158 | 16,803,627 | 3,698 | This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for data parsing for resource unit (RU) aggregation. A wireless communication device (such as an access point (AP) or a station (STA)) may allocate a set of RUs for a receiving device in a basic service set (BSS). The set of RUs may be associated with multiple bandwidth segments of a bandwidth allocation and may be non-contiguous or contiguous. The wireless communication device may determine a data parsing and encoding scheme for a set of information bits. The data parsing may be implemented at a medium access control (MAC) layer or physical (PHY) layer and the encoding may correspond to a joint encoding or a separate encoding for each RU of the allocation. The wireless communication device may then distribute the coded bits to the set of RUs for transmission. | 1.-228. (canceled) 229. A method for wireless communication at a station, comprising:
determining an allocation of a set of resource units; receiving a set of encoded information bits on the set of resource units from an access point, the set of encoded information bits being encoded based at least in part on encoding all information bits associated with a set of data units together or by encoding the information bits of each data unit separately from encoding information bits of other data units of the set of data units; and decoding the set of encoded information bits associated with the set of resource units based at least in part on the receiving. 230. The method of claim 229, wherein decoding the set of encoded information bits associated with the set of resource units comprises decoding all the information bits associated with the set of data units together or by decoding the information bits of each data unit separately from the decoding of the information bits of other data units of the set of data units. 231. The method of claim 229, further comprising forwarding two or more data units of the set of data units using a multi-link aggregation scheme, wherein two or more data units of the set of data units each comprise physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data units. 232. A method for wireless communication at a station, comprising:
encoding a set of information bits associated with a set of data units by jointly encoding the set of information bits associated with the set of data units together; distributing the set of encoded information bits to one or more data units associated with communication between the station and an access point; and transmitting the distributed set of encoded information bits on the one or more data units. 233. The method of claim 232, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units comprises one of:
distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units sequentially, distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units in a cyclical process, or distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units in the cyclical process based at least in part on a ratio of the one or more data units to the set of data units. 234. The method of claim 233, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units comprises one of:
assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to one or more additional data units of the set of data units sequentially, assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the one or more additional data units in the cyclical process, or assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the one or more additional data units of the set of data units in the cyclical process based at least in part on a ratio of the one or more remaining coded bits to the one or more additional data units. 235. The method of claim 232, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units associated with two or more available bandwidth segments of a bandwidth allocation. 236. The method of claim 235, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units sequentially. 237. The method of claim 235, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units sequentially comprises:
determining a data unit of the set of data units that has a first frequency based at least in part on comparing relative frequencies of multiple data units of the set of data units; and assigning coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the data units having the first frequency based at least in part on the determining. 238. The method of claim 237, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units sequentially further comprises assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to one or more additional data units of the set of data units, wherein each of the one or more additional data units has a larger size than the data units having the first frequency. 239. The method of claim 237, wherein assigning coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the data unit having the first frequency comprises filling all bits of a orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol associated with the data unit having the first frequency with the coded bits of the set of encoded information bits before filling any bits of a second OFDM symbol. 240. The method of claim 235, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units in a cyclical process. 241. The method of claim 240, further comprising determining one or more of one or more modulation coding schemes or a ratio corresponding to the one or more modulation coding schemes, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units in the cyclical process is based at least in part on one or more of the one or more modulation coding schemes or the ratio corresponding to the one or more modulation coding schemes. 242. The method of claim 240, further comprising determining a ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes and a ratio corresponding to two or more data units of the set of data units, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units in the cyclical process is based at least in part on the ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes and the ratio corresponding to the two or more data units of the set of data units. 243. The method of claim 232, wherein each data unit comprises one of a resource unit, an aggregated resource unit, or a bandwidth segment. 244. The method of claim 235, further comprising:
assigning, at a MAC layer of the station, information bits of the set of information bits to a set of resource units; generating, at the MAC layer based at least in part on the assigning, the set of data units, each data unit of the set of data units comprising a PSDU; and forwarding the set of data units to a PHY layer of the station, wherein transmitting the distributed set of encoded information bits on comprises transmitting the distributed set of encoded information bits on the set of resource units via the PHY layer. 245. The method of claim 244, wherein the set of data units comprises one or more second data units each comprising a PHY service data unit (PSDU), and wherein encoding the set of information bits associated with the set of data units jointly or separately comprises:
forwarding, from the MAC layer to the PHY layer of the station, the one or more PSDUs, the one or more PSDUs carrying the set of information bits; and receiving, at the PHY layer, the one or more PSDUs jointly or independently. 246. The method of claim 232, further comprising:
determining, at a PHY layer of the station, that a resource unit size of a resource unit of a set of resource units satisfies a threshold, wherein the threshold comprises an available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation; assigning, at the PHY layer of the station, the resource unit of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment; and distributing, at the PHY layer of the station, the set of encoded information bits to the resource unit of the set of resource units based at least in part on assigning the resource unit of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment. 247. The method of claim 232, further comprising:
determining, at a PHY layer of the station, that a first resource unit size of a first resource unit of a set of resource units and a second resource unit size of a second resource unit of the set of resource units satisfies a threshold, wherein the threshold comprises an available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation, wherein the PHY layer comprises a set of encoders for separately encoding information bits of the set of information bits associated with the set of data units; assigning, at the PHY layer of the station, the first resource unit and the second resource unit to the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation, the first resource unit having the first resource unit size and the second resource unit having the second resource unit size; and determining a ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes associated with the first resource unit and the second resource unit, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units based at least in part on the first resource unit size of the first resource unit of the set of resource units, the second resource unit size of the second resource unit of the set of resource units and the ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes associated with the first resource unit and the second resource unit. 248. The method of claim 247, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units in a cyclical process based at least in part on the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation associated with the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units. 249. The method of claim 247, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units sequentially. 250. The method of claim 249, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units sequentially comprises:
assigning coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units, the first resource unit corresponding to a first bandwidth segment of the bandwidth allocation, wherein the first bandwidth segment comprises a 160 megahertz (MHz) segment; and assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the second resource unit of the set of resource units after assigning the coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit, the second resource unit corresponding to a second bandwidth segment of the bandwidth allocation, wherein the second bandwidth segment comprises a 160 MHz segment. 251. The method of claim 235, further comprising:
determining, at a PHY layer of the station, that each resource unit size of a set of resource units satisfies a threshold, wherein the threshold comprises an available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation; assigning, at the PHY layer of the station, resource units of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the resource units of the set of resource units based at least in part on assigning the resource units of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment. 252. The method of claim 251, further comprising performing a resource unit interleaving of the set of encoded information bits within each resource unit of the set of resource units. 253. The method of claim 251, wherein the PHY layer comprises a resource unit parser and a bandwidth segment parser, wherein the resource unit parser distributes the set of encoded information bits to the set of resource units, and a bandwidth segment parser assigns coded bits of each resource unit of the set of resource units to each available bandwidth segment within each resource unit of the set of resource units, wherein the available bandwidth segment comprises an 80 megahertz (MHz) segment. 254. The method of claim 253, wherein the bandwidth segment parser assigns coded bits of each resource unit of the set of resource units to each available bandwidth segment within each resource unit of the set of resource units prior to the resource unit parser distributing the coded bits of each resource unit of the set of resource units within each available bandwidth segment. 255. The method of claim 251, further comprising:
determining an unavailable bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation; and puncturing the unavailable bandwidth segment of the bandwidth allocation, wherein puncturing the unavailable bandwidth segment comprises puncturing one or more frequency tones in the unavailable bandwidth segment. 256. The method of claim 255, further comprising performing an interleaving of the set of encoded information bits within a transmission bandwidth based at least in part on the puncturing, wherein the interleaving comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the available bandwidth segment and skipping the punctured one or more frequency tones in the unavailable bandwidth segment. 257. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine an allocation of a set of resource units; receive a set of encoded information bits on the set of resource units from an access point, the set of encoded information bits being encoded based at least in part on encoding all information bits associated with a set of data units together or by encoding the information bits of each data unit separately from encoding information bits of other data units of the set of data units; and decode the set of encoded information bits associated with the set of resource units based at least in part on the receiving. 258. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: encode a set of information bits associated with a set of data units; distribute the set of encoded information bits to one or more data units associated with communication between a station and an access point; and transmit the distributed set of encoded information bits on the one or more data units. | This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for data parsing for resource unit (RU) aggregation. A wireless communication device (such as an access point (AP) or a station (STA)) may allocate a set of RUs for a receiving device in a basic service set (BSS). The set of RUs may be associated with multiple bandwidth segments of a bandwidth allocation and may be non-contiguous or contiguous. The wireless communication device may determine a data parsing and encoding scheme for a set of information bits. The data parsing may be implemented at a medium access control (MAC) layer or physical (PHY) layer and the encoding may correspond to a joint encoding or a separate encoding for each RU of the allocation. The wireless communication device may then distribute the coded bits to the set of RUs for transmission.1.-228. (canceled) 229. A method for wireless communication at a station, comprising:
determining an allocation of a set of resource units; receiving a set of encoded information bits on the set of resource units from an access point, the set of encoded information bits being encoded based at least in part on encoding all information bits associated with a set of data units together or by encoding the information bits of each data unit separately from encoding information bits of other data units of the set of data units; and decoding the set of encoded information bits associated with the set of resource units based at least in part on the receiving. 230. The method of claim 229, wherein decoding the set of encoded information bits associated with the set of resource units comprises decoding all the information bits associated with the set of data units together or by decoding the information bits of each data unit separately from the decoding of the information bits of other data units of the set of data units. 231. The method of claim 229, further comprising forwarding two or more data units of the set of data units using a multi-link aggregation scheme, wherein two or more data units of the set of data units each comprise physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data units. 232. A method for wireless communication at a station, comprising:
encoding a set of information bits associated with a set of data units by jointly encoding the set of information bits associated with the set of data units together; distributing the set of encoded information bits to one or more data units associated with communication between the station and an access point; and transmitting the distributed set of encoded information bits on the one or more data units. 233. The method of claim 232, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units comprises one of:
distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units sequentially, distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units in a cyclical process, or distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units in the cyclical process based at least in part on a ratio of the one or more data units to the set of data units. 234. The method of claim 233, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units comprises one of:
assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to one or more additional data units of the set of data units sequentially, assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the one or more additional data units in the cyclical process, or assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the one or more additional data units of the set of data units in the cyclical process based at least in part on a ratio of the one or more remaining coded bits to the one or more additional data units. 235. The method of claim 232, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the one or more data units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units associated with two or more available bandwidth segments of a bandwidth allocation. 236. The method of claim 235, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units sequentially. 237. The method of claim 235, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units sequentially comprises:
determining a data unit of the set of data units that has a first frequency based at least in part on comparing relative frequencies of multiple data units of the set of data units; and assigning coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the data units having the first frequency based at least in part on the determining. 238. The method of claim 237, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units sequentially further comprises assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to one or more additional data units of the set of data units, wherein each of the one or more additional data units has a larger size than the data units having the first frequency. 239. The method of claim 237, wherein assigning coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the data unit having the first frequency comprises filling all bits of a orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol associated with the data unit having the first frequency with the coded bits of the set of encoded information bits before filling any bits of a second OFDM symbol. 240. The method of claim 235, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units in a cyclical process. 241. The method of claim 240, further comprising determining one or more of one or more modulation coding schemes or a ratio corresponding to the one or more modulation coding schemes, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units in the cyclical process is based at least in part on one or more of the one or more modulation coding schemes or the ratio corresponding to the one or more modulation coding schemes. 242. The method of claim 240, further comprising determining a ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes and a ratio corresponding to two or more data units of the set of data units, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of data units in the cyclical process is based at least in part on the ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes and the ratio corresponding to the two or more data units of the set of data units. 243. The method of claim 232, wherein each data unit comprises one of a resource unit, an aggregated resource unit, or a bandwidth segment. 244. The method of claim 235, further comprising:
assigning, at a MAC layer of the station, information bits of the set of information bits to a set of resource units; generating, at the MAC layer based at least in part on the assigning, the set of data units, each data unit of the set of data units comprising a PSDU; and forwarding the set of data units to a PHY layer of the station, wherein transmitting the distributed set of encoded information bits on comprises transmitting the distributed set of encoded information bits on the set of resource units via the PHY layer. 245. The method of claim 244, wherein the set of data units comprises one or more second data units each comprising a PHY service data unit (PSDU), and wherein encoding the set of information bits associated with the set of data units jointly or separately comprises:
forwarding, from the MAC layer to the PHY layer of the station, the one or more PSDUs, the one or more PSDUs carrying the set of information bits; and receiving, at the PHY layer, the one or more PSDUs jointly or independently. 246. The method of claim 232, further comprising:
determining, at a PHY layer of the station, that a resource unit size of a resource unit of a set of resource units satisfies a threshold, wherein the threshold comprises an available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation; assigning, at the PHY layer of the station, the resource unit of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment; and distributing, at the PHY layer of the station, the set of encoded information bits to the resource unit of the set of resource units based at least in part on assigning the resource unit of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment. 247. The method of claim 232, further comprising:
determining, at a PHY layer of the station, that a first resource unit size of a first resource unit of a set of resource units and a second resource unit size of a second resource unit of the set of resource units satisfies a threshold, wherein the threshold comprises an available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation, wherein the PHY layer comprises a set of encoders for separately encoding information bits of the set of information bits associated with the set of data units; assigning, at the PHY layer of the station, the first resource unit and the second resource unit to the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation, the first resource unit having the first resource unit size and the second resource unit having the second resource unit size; and determining a ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes associated with the first resource unit and the second resource unit, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units based at least in part on the first resource unit size of the first resource unit of the set of resource units, the second resource unit size of the second resource unit of the set of resource units and the ratio corresponding to one or more modulation coding schemes associated with the first resource unit and the second resource unit. 248. The method of claim 247, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units in a cyclical process based at least in part on the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation associated with the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units. 249. The method of claim 247, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units sequentially. 250. The method of claim 249, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units and the second resource unit of the set of resource units sequentially comprises:
assigning coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit of the set of resource units, the first resource unit corresponding to a first bandwidth segment of the bandwidth allocation, wherein the first bandwidth segment comprises a 160 megahertz (MHz) segment; and assigning remaining coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the second resource unit of the set of resource units after assigning the coded bits of the set of encoded information bits to the first resource unit, the second resource unit corresponding to a second bandwidth segment of the bandwidth allocation, wherein the second bandwidth segment comprises a 160 MHz segment. 251. The method of claim 235, further comprising:
determining, at a PHY layer of the station, that each resource unit size of a set of resource units satisfies a threshold, wherein the threshold comprises an available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation; assigning, at the PHY layer of the station, resource units of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation, wherein distributing the set of encoded information bits to the set of resource units comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the resource units of the set of resource units based at least in part on assigning the resource units of the set of resource units to the available bandwidth segment. 252. The method of claim 251, further comprising performing a resource unit interleaving of the set of encoded information bits within each resource unit of the set of resource units. 253. The method of claim 251, wherein the PHY layer comprises a resource unit parser and a bandwidth segment parser, wherein the resource unit parser distributes the set of encoded information bits to the set of resource units, and a bandwidth segment parser assigns coded bits of each resource unit of the set of resource units to each available bandwidth segment within each resource unit of the set of resource units, wherein the available bandwidth segment comprises an 80 megahertz (MHz) segment. 254. The method of claim 253, wherein the bandwidth segment parser assigns coded bits of each resource unit of the set of resource units to each available bandwidth segment within each resource unit of the set of resource units prior to the resource unit parser distributing the coded bits of each resource unit of the set of resource units within each available bandwidth segment. 255. The method of claim 251, further comprising:
determining an unavailable bandwidth segment of the two or more available bandwidth segments of the bandwidth allocation; and puncturing the unavailable bandwidth segment of the bandwidth allocation, wherein puncturing the unavailable bandwidth segment comprises puncturing one or more frequency tones in the unavailable bandwidth segment. 256. The method of claim 255, further comprising performing an interleaving of the set of encoded information bits within a transmission bandwidth based at least in part on the puncturing, wherein the interleaving comprises distributing the set of encoded information bits to the available bandwidth segment and skipping the punctured one or more frequency tones in the unavailable bandwidth segment. 257. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine an allocation of a set of resource units; receive a set of encoded information bits on the set of resource units from an access point, the set of encoded information bits being encoded based at least in part on encoding all information bits associated with a set of data units together or by encoding the information bits of each data unit separately from encoding information bits of other data units of the set of data units; and decode the set of encoded information bits associated with the set of resource units based at least in part on the receiving. 258. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: encode a set of information bits associated with a set of data units; distribute the set of encoded information bits to one or more data units associated with communication between a station and an access point; and transmit the distributed set of encoded information bits on the one or more data units. | 3,600 |
344,159 | 16,803,613 | 3,679 | Fittings that generally include a unitary body having an outer surface and an inner lumen forming a void within said unitary body. The lumen is configured to receive threads for mating with the threads of a female sub end of a pipe or tube. The outer surface includes at least one aperture for receiving a tool that can be inserted within said aperture so as to rotate the fitting about an axis that extends through the lumen of the unitary body. The at least one apertures provide a safe and convenient way to tighten and loosen the fitting during the process of coupling pipe or tubing. | 1. A fitting for use in coupling pipe or tubing, comprising:
a unitary body, said unitary body comprising a length, a distal end, a proximal end, an outer surface, and a lumen; wherein said outer surface extends around said length of said unitary body between said proximal end and said distal end; wherein said lumen extends within said unitary body in a distal direction from said proximal end of said unitary body, said lumen generally defining a void within said unitary body; wherein said lumen is cylindrical and occupies a first lumen length having a first lumen diameter and a second lumen length having a second lumen diameter, wherein said first lumen diameter is greater than said second lumen diameter; wherein at least a portion of said first lumen diameter comprises threads that are configured to receive a threaded female sub end of a pipe; wherein said unitary body further comprises at least one aperture, said at least one aperture extending from an opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ending at a location within said unitary body, said at least one aperture configured to receive a tool for rotating said fitting around an axis that extends from said proximal end to said distal end so as to permit the tightening and loosening of said fitting to a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube. 2. The fitting of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a protrusion extending into said at least one aperture, said protrusion configured to releasably secure a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 3. The fitting of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a beveled surface at said opening of said at least one aperture so as to facilitate insertion of a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 4. The fitting of claim 1, wherein said at least one aperture comprises eight apertures. 5. The fitting of claim 1, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises a cylindrical shape. 6. The fitting of claim 1, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises an aperture wall that extends from said opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ends at said location within said unitary body, so as to form an aperture depth and enclose said at least one aperture within said unitary body. 7. A fitting for use in coupling pipe or tubing, comprising:
a unitary body, said unitary body comprising a length, a distal end, a proximal end, an outer surface, and a lumen; wherein said outer surface extends around said length of said unitary body between said proximal end and said distal end; wherein said lumen extends within said unitary body in a distal direction from said proximal end of said unitary body, said lumen generally defining a cylindrical void within said unitary body, wherein a portion of said lumen comprises threads configured to receive a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube; wherein said unitary body further comprises at least one aperture, said at least one aperture having an aperture wall that extends from an opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ends at a location within said unitary body, so as to form an aperture depth and enclose said at least one aperture within said unitary body; wherein said outer surface includes at least one lower topographical portion, said at least one lower topographical portion located adjacent to said aperture wall so as to define an aperture wall thickness at said opening; wherein said at least one aperture is configured to receive a tool for rotating said fitting around an axis that extends from said proximal end to said distal end so as to permit the tightening and loosening of said fitting to a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube. 8. The fitting of claim 7, wherein said at least one aperture comprises eight apertures, each having its own opening at said outer surface of said unitary body. 9. The fitting of claim 8, wherein said at least one lower topographical portion comprises sixteen lower topographical portions that form a ridge that extends circumferentially around said unitary body, wherein said ridge contacts each of said aperture openings. 10. The fitting of claim 7, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises a cylindrical shape. 11. The fitting of claim 10, wherein said cylindrical shape comprises a diameter of at least one inch. 12. The fitting of claim 11, wherein said unitary body comprises a generally circular side view. 13. A fitting, comprising:
a unitary body, said unitary body comprising a length, a distal end, a proximal end, an outer surface, and a lumen; wherein said outer surface extends around said length of said unitary body between said proximal end and said distal end; wherein said lumen extends within said unitary body in a distal direction from said proximal end of said unitary body, said lumen generally defining a void within said unitary body; wherein at least a portion of said lumen is cylindrical and occupies a first lumen length having a first lumen diameter and a second lumen length having a second lumen diameter; wherein said first lumen length includes threads that are configured to receive threaded pipe, such threads starting at said proximal end of said unitary body and extending therefrom in a distal direction within said first lumen length; wherein said distal end is configured to connect to a pipe flange; wherein said unitary body further comprises at least one aperture, said at least one aperture extending from an opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ending at a location within said unitary body, said at least one aperture configured to receive a tool for rotating said fitting around an axis that extends from said proximal end to said distal end so as to permit the tightening and loosening of said fitting to a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube. 14. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said at least one aperture comprises eight apertures. 15. The fitting of claim 13, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a protrusion extending into said at least one aperture, said protrusion configured to releasably secure a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 16. The fitting of claim 13, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a beveled surface at said opening of said at least one aperture so as to facilitate insertion of a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 17. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said unitary body comprises 4130 alloy steel. 18. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises an aperture wall that extends from said opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ends at said location within said unitary body, so as to form an aperture depth and enclose said at least one aperture within said unitary body. 19. The fitting of claim 13, where said first lumen diameter is greater than said second lumen diameter. 20. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said distal end configured to connect to a pipe flange further includes a raised face for sealing the flange connection. | Fittings that generally include a unitary body having an outer surface and an inner lumen forming a void within said unitary body. The lumen is configured to receive threads for mating with the threads of a female sub end of a pipe or tube. The outer surface includes at least one aperture for receiving a tool that can be inserted within said aperture so as to rotate the fitting about an axis that extends through the lumen of the unitary body. The at least one apertures provide a safe and convenient way to tighten and loosen the fitting during the process of coupling pipe or tubing.1. A fitting for use in coupling pipe or tubing, comprising:
a unitary body, said unitary body comprising a length, a distal end, a proximal end, an outer surface, and a lumen; wherein said outer surface extends around said length of said unitary body between said proximal end and said distal end; wherein said lumen extends within said unitary body in a distal direction from said proximal end of said unitary body, said lumen generally defining a void within said unitary body; wherein said lumen is cylindrical and occupies a first lumen length having a first lumen diameter and a second lumen length having a second lumen diameter, wherein said first lumen diameter is greater than said second lumen diameter; wherein at least a portion of said first lumen diameter comprises threads that are configured to receive a threaded female sub end of a pipe; wherein said unitary body further comprises at least one aperture, said at least one aperture extending from an opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ending at a location within said unitary body, said at least one aperture configured to receive a tool for rotating said fitting around an axis that extends from said proximal end to said distal end so as to permit the tightening and loosening of said fitting to a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube. 2. The fitting of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a protrusion extending into said at least one aperture, said protrusion configured to releasably secure a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 3. The fitting of claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a beveled surface at said opening of said at least one aperture so as to facilitate insertion of a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 4. The fitting of claim 1, wherein said at least one aperture comprises eight apertures. 5. The fitting of claim 1, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises a cylindrical shape. 6. The fitting of claim 1, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises an aperture wall that extends from said opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ends at said location within said unitary body, so as to form an aperture depth and enclose said at least one aperture within said unitary body. 7. A fitting for use in coupling pipe or tubing, comprising:
a unitary body, said unitary body comprising a length, a distal end, a proximal end, an outer surface, and a lumen; wherein said outer surface extends around said length of said unitary body between said proximal end and said distal end; wherein said lumen extends within said unitary body in a distal direction from said proximal end of said unitary body, said lumen generally defining a cylindrical void within said unitary body, wherein a portion of said lumen comprises threads configured to receive a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube; wherein said unitary body further comprises at least one aperture, said at least one aperture having an aperture wall that extends from an opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ends at a location within said unitary body, so as to form an aperture depth and enclose said at least one aperture within said unitary body; wherein said outer surface includes at least one lower topographical portion, said at least one lower topographical portion located adjacent to said aperture wall so as to define an aperture wall thickness at said opening; wherein said at least one aperture is configured to receive a tool for rotating said fitting around an axis that extends from said proximal end to said distal end so as to permit the tightening and loosening of said fitting to a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube. 8. The fitting of claim 7, wherein said at least one aperture comprises eight apertures, each having its own opening at said outer surface of said unitary body. 9. The fitting of claim 8, wherein said at least one lower topographical portion comprises sixteen lower topographical portions that form a ridge that extends circumferentially around said unitary body, wherein said ridge contacts each of said aperture openings. 10. The fitting of claim 7, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises a cylindrical shape. 11. The fitting of claim 10, wherein said cylindrical shape comprises a diameter of at least one inch. 12. The fitting of claim 11, wherein said unitary body comprises a generally circular side view. 13. A fitting, comprising:
a unitary body, said unitary body comprising a length, a distal end, a proximal end, an outer surface, and a lumen; wherein said outer surface extends around said length of said unitary body between said proximal end and said distal end; wherein said lumen extends within said unitary body in a distal direction from said proximal end of said unitary body, said lumen generally defining a void within said unitary body; wherein at least a portion of said lumen is cylindrical and occupies a first lumen length having a first lumen diameter and a second lumen length having a second lumen diameter; wherein said first lumen length includes threads that are configured to receive threaded pipe, such threads starting at said proximal end of said unitary body and extending therefrom in a distal direction within said first lumen length; wherein said distal end is configured to connect to a pipe flange; wherein said unitary body further comprises at least one aperture, said at least one aperture extending from an opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ending at a location within said unitary body, said at least one aperture configured to receive a tool for rotating said fitting around an axis that extends from said proximal end to said distal end so as to permit the tightening and loosening of said fitting to a threaded female sub end of a pipe or tube. 14. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said at least one aperture comprises eight apertures. 15. The fitting of claim 13, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a protrusion extending into said at least one aperture, said protrusion configured to releasably secure a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 16. The fitting of claim 13, wherein at least one of said at least one aperture further includes a beveled surface at said opening of said at least one aperture so as to facilitate insertion of a tool for tightening and loosening said fitting. 17. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said unitary body comprises 4130 alloy steel. 18. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said at least one aperture further comprises an aperture wall that extends from said opening at said outer surface of said unitary body and ends at said location within said unitary body, so as to form an aperture depth and enclose said at least one aperture within said unitary body. 19. The fitting of claim 13, where said first lumen diameter is greater than said second lumen diameter. 20. The fitting of claim 13, wherein said distal end configured to connect to a pipe flange further includes a raised face for sealing the flange connection. | 3,600 |
344,160 | 16,803,612 | 3,679 | Systems and methods of in situ unclogging a working channel in a medical device during a procedure are disclosed. An exemplary unclogging system comprises a flow sensor to sense a flow rate through a working channel, and a control module to detect a channel state indicating a presence or absence of clogging based on the flow rate. In the presence of channel clogging, the control module can control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively irrigation fluid or suction pressure to unclog the obstructed channel. The control module can adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the working channel to maintain a desired pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, or to maintain a desired flow condition in the working channel, during the procedure. | 1. A system for unclogging at least one working channel of a medical device during a procedure in a patient, the system comprising:
a flow sensor configured to sense a flow rate through the at least one working channel of the medical device; and a control module configured to:
detect a channel state using the sensed flow rate, the channel state indicating a presence or an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel; and
in response to the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel, control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to control one or more of the irrigation source or the suction source to provide respectively the irrigation fluid or the suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel for as long as the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to:
detect a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to a decrease in the sensed flow rate below a first threshold; and detect an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to an increase in the sensed flow rate above a second threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to unclog the at least one working channel including alternating between an application of irrigation fluid and an application of suction pressure to the at least one working channel. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to control one or more of the irrigation source or the suction source by adjusting respectively a flow rate of the irrigation fluid or a flow rate of the suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel. 6. The system of claim 3, further comprising:
a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in the patient; and a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and wherein the control module is configured to adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein:
the user input is configured to receive a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and the control module is configured to control one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through at least one working channel of the medical device to maintain the desired flow condition. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one working channel includes a suction channel and an irrigation channel, and wherein the control module is configured to:
fluidly couple an irrigation source to one of the irrigation channel or the suction channel to provide an irrigation fluid thereto at an adjustable irrigation flow rate; and fluidly couple a suction source to the other of the irrigation channel or the suction channel to supply a suction pressure thereto at an adjustable suction flow rate. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control module is configured to:
in response to a presence of clogging in the suction channel, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel; in response to an increase in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the suction channel, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the control module is configured to:
in response to a presence of clogging in the irrigation channel, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel; in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the irrigation channel, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the increase in the sensed pressure, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel at a level that substantially neutralizes the increase in the sensed pressure. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the decrease in the sensed pressure, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel at an irrigation flow rate that substantially neutralizes the decrease in the sensed pressure. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the increase in the sensed pressure, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel at a level to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the decrease in the sensed pressure, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel at an irrigation flow rate such that the sensed pressure is maintained at substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the increase in the sensed pressure, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel at a level to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the decrease in the sensed pressure, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel at an irrigation flow rate such that the sensed pressure is maintained at substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. 17. An endoscopic surgical system, comprising:
an endoscope including an imaging module, a surgical module, and at least one working channel configured to conduct an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure; a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in the patient; a flow sensor configured to sense a flow rate through the at least one working channel of the endoscope; a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and a control module configured to:
detect a channel state using the sensed flow rate, the channel state indicating a presence or an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel;
in response to, and for as long as, the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel, control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel; and
adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 18. A method of unclogging at least one working channel of a medical device during a procedure in a patient, the method comprising:
sensing a flow rate through the at least one working channel of the medical device via a flow sensor; detecting a channel state using the sensed flow rate via a control module, the channel state indicating a presence or an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel; and in response to the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel, controlling one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the irrigation fluid or the suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel is continued for as long as the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein detecting the channel state includes:
detecting a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to a decrease in the sensed flow rate below a first threshold; and detecting an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to an increase in the sensed flow rate above a second threshold. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein unclogging the at least one working channel includes alternating between an application of irrigation fluid and an application of suction pressure to the at least one working channel. 22. The method of claim 18, comprising:
receiving, via a user input, a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in the patient; sensing a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site via a pressure sensor; and adjusting one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel such that the sensed pressure is maintained at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 23. The method of claim 22, comprising:
receiving a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and adjusting one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the desired flow condition. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one working channel includes a suction channel and an irrigation channel, the method comprising:
in response to a presence of clogging in the suction channel, controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel; in response to an increase in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the suction channel, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one working channel includes a suction channel and an irrigation channel, the method comprising:
in response to a presence of clogging in the irrigation channel, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel; in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the irrigation channel, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. | Systems and methods of in situ unclogging a working channel in a medical device during a procedure are disclosed. An exemplary unclogging system comprises a flow sensor to sense a flow rate through a working channel, and a control module to detect a channel state indicating a presence or absence of clogging based on the flow rate. In the presence of channel clogging, the control module can control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively irrigation fluid or suction pressure to unclog the obstructed channel. The control module can adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the working channel to maintain a desired pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, or to maintain a desired flow condition in the working channel, during the procedure.1. A system for unclogging at least one working channel of a medical device during a procedure in a patient, the system comprising:
a flow sensor configured to sense a flow rate through the at least one working channel of the medical device; and a control module configured to:
detect a channel state using the sensed flow rate, the channel state indicating a presence or an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel; and
in response to the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel, control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to control one or more of the irrigation source or the suction source to provide respectively the irrigation fluid or the suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel for as long as the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to:
detect a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to a decrease in the sensed flow rate below a first threshold; and detect an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to an increase in the sensed flow rate above a second threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to unclog the at least one working channel including alternating between an application of irrigation fluid and an application of suction pressure to the at least one working channel. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to control one or more of the irrigation source or the suction source by adjusting respectively a flow rate of the irrigation fluid or a flow rate of the suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel. 6. The system of claim 3, further comprising:
a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in the patient; and a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and wherein the control module is configured to adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein:
the user input is configured to receive a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and the control module is configured to control one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through at least one working channel of the medical device to maintain the desired flow condition. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one working channel includes a suction channel and an irrigation channel, and wherein the control module is configured to:
fluidly couple an irrigation source to one of the irrigation channel or the suction channel to provide an irrigation fluid thereto at an adjustable irrigation flow rate; and fluidly couple a suction source to the other of the irrigation channel or the suction channel to supply a suction pressure thereto at an adjustable suction flow rate. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control module is configured to:
in response to a presence of clogging in the suction channel, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel; in response to an increase in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the suction channel, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the control module is configured to:
in response to a presence of clogging in the irrigation channel, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel; in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the irrigation channel, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the increase in the sensed pressure, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel at a level that substantially neutralizes the increase in the sensed pressure. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the desired pressure is a substantially net-zero pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the decrease in the sensed pressure, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel at an irrigation flow rate that substantially neutralizes the decrease in the sensed pressure. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the increase in the sensed pressure, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel at a level to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the desired pressure is a positive pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the decrease in the sensed pressure, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel at an irrigation flow rate such that the sensed pressure is maintained at substantially a level of the desired positive pressure. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the increase in the sensed pressure, control the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel at a level to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the desired pressure is a negative pressure, and wherein the control module is configured to, in response to the decrease in the sensed pressure, control the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel at an irrigation flow rate such that the sensed pressure is maintained at substantially a level of the desired negative pressure. 17. An endoscopic surgical system, comprising:
an endoscope including an imaging module, a surgical module, and at least one working channel configured to conduct an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure; a user input configured to receive from a user a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in the patient; a flow sensor configured to sense a flow rate through the at least one working channel of the endoscope; a pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site; and a control module configured to:
detect a channel state using the sensed flow rate, the channel state indicating a presence or an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel;
in response to, and for as long as, the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel, control one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel; and
adjust one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 18. A method of unclogging at least one working channel of a medical device during a procedure in a patient, the method comprising:
sensing a flow rate through the at least one working channel of the medical device via a flow sensor; detecting a channel state using the sensed flow rate via a control module, the channel state indicating a presence or an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel; and in response to the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel, controlling one or more of an irrigation source or a suction source to provide respectively an irrigation fluid or a suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the irrigation fluid or the suction pressure to unclog the at least one working channel is continued for as long as the detected channel state indicating a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein detecting the channel state includes:
detecting a presence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to a decrease in the sensed flow rate below a first threshold; and detecting an absence of clogging in the at least one working channel in response to an increase in the sensed flow rate above a second threshold. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein unclogging the at least one working channel includes alternating between an application of irrigation fluid and an application of suction pressure to the at least one working channel. 22. The method of claim 18, comprising:
receiving, via a user input, a desired pressure to be applied to an anatomical environment at an anatomical site in the patient; sensing a pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site via a pressure sensor; and adjusting one or more of an irrigation flow rate or a suction flow rate through the at least one working channel such that the sensed pressure is maintained at substantially a level of the desired pressure. 23. The method of claim 22, comprising:
receiving a desired flow condition in the at least one working channel, the desired flow condition corresponding to the desired pressure to be applied to the anatomical environment; and adjusting one or more of the irrigation flow rate or the suction flow rate through the at least one working channel to maintain the desired flow condition. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one working channel includes a suction channel and an irrigation channel, the method comprising:
in response to a presence of clogging in the suction channel, controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel; in response to an increase in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the suction channel, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one working channel includes a suction channel and an irrigation channel, the method comprising:
in response to a presence of clogging in the irrigation channel, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the irrigation channel; in response to a decrease in the sensed pressure of the anatomical environment at the anatomical site, controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the suction channel to maintain the sensed pressure at substantially a level of the desired pressure; and in response to an absence of clogging in the irrigation channel, controlling the suction source to apply a suction pressure to the suction channel, and controlling the irrigation source to provide an irrigation fluid to the irrigation channel. | 3,600 |
344,161 | 16,803,656 | 3,649 | The invention presents a method and system for withdraws and deposits of digital asset to and from a storage via connectivity using single act gesture control. One act is implemented on a device with an embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system which transmits requested data for withdrawal and deposit purposes. The requested transaction initializes from a display indicator or gesture. The device system works with the embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system disbursement or safe keep mechanism respectively for effective operation deployment. The device system interacts with the Synqvault system user interface to send data through the embedded Synqvault system as requested by the specific vault block until all verification requirements in each vault block are met confirming authorized user access to digital asset. | 1. A method of withdraw and deposit for a transaction comprising: under control of a device system, displaying data identifying the digital data; and in response to only a one act being performed, sending a request to withdraw or deposit the transaction along with a key of a user of the transaction to an encrypted system; under control of a one act gesture withdraw or deposit component of the encrypted system, receiving the request; retrieving additional data previously stored for the user identified by the key in the received request; and generating withdraw or deposit to process the requested transaction as identified by the key in the received request using the retrieved additional record; and fulfilling the generated withdraw or deposit to complete the act of the digital data whereby the transaction is withdraw or deposited from the embedded synqvault system. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the displayed device indicators utilize digital asset data transfer which includes secured communication and connectivity to activate one act, gesture withdraw or deposit. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the one act withdraw or deposit is a button. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the one act withdraw or deposit is speaking of a sound. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the one act withdraw or deposit is movement of a body part. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein a user of the device system does not need to explicitly identify themselves when engaged with withdraw or deposit. 7. A device system for withdraw or deposit transaction comprising: a key that identifies a user; a display component for displaying data identifying the digital data; separating the digital asset; utilizing vaultstamp system to enhance secured transaction; hybrid wallet connectivity and communication to synqvault and vaultstamp; hybrid wallet multi-device synchronization one act, gesture withdraw or deposit component that in response to performance of only a one act, sends a request to an encrypted system to withdraw or deposit the identified digital asset data, the request including the key so that the system can locate additional data needed to complete the withdraw or deposit and so that the system can fulfill the generated withdraw or deposit to complete exchange of the digital asset data using vaultstamp and embedded synqvault withdraw and deposit control system component that in response to performance of multiple display lock-in action, to send request to the system to carry out the requested transaction to and from a vault transfer. 8. The device system of claim 7 wherein the vaultstamp component is a component within the embedded synqvault system to track trustzone and natal withdraw or deposit. 9. The embedded synqvault system of claim 7 wherein the predefined action is the act of establishing a natal and trustzone withdrew or deposit transaction vaultstamp. 10. Multiple vault synchronization synqvault access system of claim 7 wherein the predefined action is the act of a displayed button or gesture movement recognition and control command system. 11. The HTTL vault (mother-vault) system is an encrypted system for generating withdraw and deposit comprising: a vault transfer withdraw or deposit component; and a one act, gesture withdraw or deposit component including: a digital asset data storage medium storing data for a plurality of users; a receiving component for receiving requests to withdraw and deposit digital asset data, a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users, the request being sent in response to only a one act performed; withdraw and deposit establishment component that retrieves from the digital asset data storage medium data for the designated user and that uses the retrieved digital asset data to establish withdraw or deposit for the designated user for the digital asset data; and withdraw or deposit fulfillment component that completes an exchange of the transaction in accordance with the withdraw and deposit established by the one act, gesture withdraw and deposit component. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the request is sent by the HTTL system in response to a one act withdraw or deposit being performed. 13. A method for withdraw and deposit transaction using vaultstamp and synqvault system, the method comprising: Displaying digital asset data identifying the transaction and displaying an indication of a one act that is to be performed to withdraw and deposit the identified digital asset data; and in response to only the designated one act being performed, sending to an encrypted system a request to withdraw or deposit the identified digital asset data whereby the transaction is withdrawn or deposited independently of a vault block transfer model and the withdraw and deposit is fulfilled to complete an exchange of the digital asset data. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the system uses a key sent along with the request to identify additional data needed to generate withdraw and deposit for the digital asset data. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the key identifies the device system and the embedded synqvault system provides the key to the vaultstamp for the utilization of the HTTL vault system. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the device system and the embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system communicate via connectivity for offline purposes only. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the device system and the hybrid wallet system communicate withdraw or deposit via the internet. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the device system, the embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system communicate via remotely synchronized stationary withdraw or deposit transaction. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes transmitting of one time passcode, and passphrase provided by the encrypted system for withdraw or deposit. 18. The method of claim 11 including sending from the vaultstamp system to the device system a confirmation that the withdraw or deposit was generated. 19. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is a displayed button when a cursor is positioned over a predefined area of the displayed withdraw or deposit record. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is a sound generated withdraw or deposit by a user. 21. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is selection of withdraw or deposit using a gesture recognition control. 22. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is activating of a key on a key pad for withdraw or deposit by way of depressing. 23. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is selecting withdraw or deposit using a pointing device. 24. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is selection of a displayed withdraw or deposit control. 25. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes partial withdraw or deposit digital asset data supplied by the system as to the identity of a user of the hybrid wallet and the embedded synqvault system vaultstamp. 26. The method of claim 11 the displaying includes displaying partial withdraw or deposit displayed digital asset data supplied by encrypted synqvault and vaultstamp exchange. 27. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying partial withdraw or deposit digital asset data supplied by encrypted synchronization, gesture recognition, sensor and connectivity system. 28. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying a withdraw and deposit combination identifying natal and trustzone of the user(s). 29. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes display withdraw or deposit time lapse identifying a displayed natal and trustzone for the user(s). 30. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying withdraw or deposit dual-access identifying a displayed natal and trustzone of the user(s) 31. The method of claim 11 embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system one act withdraw or deposit comprising: a smart vault technique when integrated with a stationary or multiple commercial vault with synqvault technology identifies users; display component for displaying digital asset data identification with one act, gesture withdraw or deposit component in response to perform only a single act, send a request to an encrypted system to withdraw or deposit the identified digital asset data, the request including the key so that the system can locate additional data needed to complete the withdraw or deposit and so that the system can fulfill the generated withdraw and deposit to complete exchange of the digital asset data using vault transfer withdraw and deposit component which also perform multiple lock-in action, to send request to the vault block system.
The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, quantum hard storage drives, solid state drives, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed method.
The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above instructions.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of various embodiments, it is not intended that the invention be limited to these embodiments. Modification within the essence of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the embedded synqvault system can chart and synchronize a user identifier to multiple devices with accesses remotely by the user to access the hybrid wallet and vault block system. The embedded synqvault system can then allow the user to identify by a single act of the process and synchronization based preferably on a display of partial gesture or withdrew and deposit-specific requested information. Also, numerous separate one act can be used to trigger withdraw or deposit. For example, a gesture command may be engaged by the withdrew or deposit, a key may be depressed by the user, a button on a remote-control device may be depressed by the user, or selection using any pointing device may be influenced by the user. Although a single act may be activated by numerous material movements of the user, the single act generally refers to a single occurrence received carried out by a user system that indicates to withdrew or deposit. Finally, the user can be alternately identified by various unique identifiers that is provided by the user when the user initiates access to the embedded synqvault system and sent to the device system. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims that follow. | The invention presents a method and system for withdraws and deposits of digital asset to and from a storage via connectivity using single act gesture control. One act is implemented on a device with an embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system which transmits requested data for withdrawal and deposit purposes. The requested transaction initializes from a display indicator or gesture. The device system works with the embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system disbursement or safe keep mechanism respectively for effective operation deployment. The device system interacts with the Synqvault system user interface to send data through the embedded Synqvault system as requested by the specific vault block until all verification requirements in each vault block are met confirming authorized user access to digital asset.1. A method of withdraw and deposit for a transaction comprising: under control of a device system, displaying data identifying the digital data; and in response to only a one act being performed, sending a request to withdraw or deposit the transaction along with a key of a user of the transaction to an encrypted system; under control of a one act gesture withdraw or deposit component of the encrypted system, receiving the request; retrieving additional data previously stored for the user identified by the key in the received request; and generating withdraw or deposit to process the requested transaction as identified by the key in the received request using the retrieved additional record; and fulfilling the generated withdraw or deposit to complete the act of the digital data whereby the transaction is withdraw or deposited from the embedded synqvault system. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the displayed device indicators utilize digital asset data transfer which includes secured communication and connectivity to activate one act, gesture withdraw or deposit. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the one act withdraw or deposit is a button. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the one act withdraw or deposit is speaking of a sound. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the one act withdraw or deposit is movement of a body part. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein a user of the device system does not need to explicitly identify themselves when engaged with withdraw or deposit. 7. A device system for withdraw or deposit transaction comprising: a key that identifies a user; a display component for displaying data identifying the digital data; separating the digital asset; utilizing vaultstamp system to enhance secured transaction; hybrid wallet connectivity and communication to synqvault and vaultstamp; hybrid wallet multi-device synchronization one act, gesture withdraw or deposit component that in response to performance of only a one act, sends a request to an encrypted system to withdraw or deposit the identified digital asset data, the request including the key so that the system can locate additional data needed to complete the withdraw or deposit and so that the system can fulfill the generated withdraw or deposit to complete exchange of the digital asset data using vaultstamp and embedded synqvault withdraw and deposit control system component that in response to performance of multiple display lock-in action, to send request to the system to carry out the requested transaction to and from a vault transfer. 8. The device system of claim 7 wherein the vaultstamp component is a component within the embedded synqvault system to track trustzone and natal withdraw or deposit. 9. The embedded synqvault system of claim 7 wherein the predefined action is the act of establishing a natal and trustzone withdrew or deposit transaction vaultstamp. 10. Multiple vault synchronization synqvault access system of claim 7 wherein the predefined action is the act of a displayed button or gesture movement recognition and control command system. 11. The HTTL vault (mother-vault) system is an encrypted system for generating withdraw and deposit comprising: a vault transfer withdraw or deposit component; and a one act, gesture withdraw or deposit component including: a digital asset data storage medium storing data for a plurality of users; a receiving component for receiving requests to withdraw and deposit digital asset data, a request including an indication of one of the plurality of users, the request being sent in response to only a one act performed; withdraw and deposit establishment component that retrieves from the digital asset data storage medium data for the designated user and that uses the retrieved digital asset data to establish withdraw or deposit for the designated user for the digital asset data; and withdraw or deposit fulfillment component that completes an exchange of the transaction in accordance with the withdraw and deposit established by the one act, gesture withdraw and deposit component. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the request is sent by the HTTL system in response to a one act withdraw or deposit being performed. 13. A method for withdraw and deposit transaction using vaultstamp and synqvault system, the method comprising: Displaying digital asset data identifying the transaction and displaying an indication of a one act that is to be performed to withdraw and deposit the identified digital asset data; and in response to only the designated one act being performed, sending to an encrypted system a request to withdraw or deposit the identified digital asset data whereby the transaction is withdrawn or deposited independently of a vault block transfer model and the withdraw and deposit is fulfilled to complete an exchange of the digital asset data. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the system uses a key sent along with the request to identify additional data needed to generate withdraw and deposit for the digital asset data. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the key identifies the device system and the embedded synqvault system provides the key to the vaultstamp for the utilization of the HTTL vault system. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the device system and the embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system communicate via connectivity for offline purposes only. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the device system and the hybrid wallet system communicate withdraw or deposit via the internet. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the device system, the embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system communicate via remotely synchronized stationary withdraw or deposit transaction. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes transmitting of one time passcode, and passphrase provided by the encrypted system for withdraw or deposit. 18. The method of claim 11 including sending from the vaultstamp system to the device system a confirmation that the withdraw or deposit was generated. 19. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is a displayed button when a cursor is positioned over a predefined area of the displayed withdraw or deposit record. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is a sound generated withdraw or deposit by a user. 21. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is selection of withdraw or deposit using a gesture recognition control. 22. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is activating of a key on a key pad for withdraw or deposit by way of depressing. 23. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is selecting withdraw or deposit using a pointing device. 24. The method of claim 11 wherein the one act is selection of a displayed withdraw or deposit control. 25. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes partial withdraw or deposit digital asset data supplied by the system as to the identity of a user of the hybrid wallet and the embedded synqvault system vaultstamp. 26. The method of claim 11 the displaying includes displaying partial withdraw or deposit displayed digital asset data supplied by encrypted synqvault and vaultstamp exchange. 27. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying partial withdraw or deposit digital asset data supplied by encrypted synchronization, gesture recognition, sensor and connectivity system. 28. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying a withdraw and deposit combination identifying natal and trustzone of the user(s). 29. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes display withdraw or deposit time lapse identifying a displayed natal and trustzone for the user(s). 30. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying withdraw or deposit dual-access identifying a displayed natal and trustzone of the user(s) 31. The method of claim 11 embedded synqvault and vaultstamp system one act withdraw or deposit comprising: a smart vault technique when integrated with a stationary or multiple commercial vault with synqvault technology identifies users; display component for displaying digital asset data identification with one act, gesture withdraw or deposit component in response to perform only a single act, send a request to an encrypted system to withdraw or deposit the identified digital asset data, the request including the key so that the system can locate additional data needed to complete the withdraw or deposit and so that the system can fulfill the generated withdraw and deposit to complete exchange of the digital asset data using vault transfer withdraw and deposit component which also perform multiple lock-in action, to send request to the vault block system.
The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, quantum hard storage drives, solid state drives, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed method.
The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above instructions.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of various embodiments, it is not intended that the invention be limited to these embodiments. Modification within the essence of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the embedded synqvault system can chart and synchronize a user identifier to multiple devices with accesses remotely by the user to access the hybrid wallet and vault block system. The embedded synqvault system can then allow the user to identify by a single act of the process and synchronization based preferably on a display of partial gesture or withdrew and deposit-specific requested information. Also, numerous separate one act can be used to trigger withdraw or deposit. For example, a gesture command may be engaged by the withdrew or deposit, a key may be depressed by the user, a button on a remote-control device may be depressed by the user, or selection using any pointing device may be influenced by the user. Although a single act may be activated by numerous material movements of the user, the single act generally refers to a single occurrence received carried out by a user system that indicates to withdrew or deposit. Finally, the user can be alternately identified by various unique identifiers that is provided by the user when the user initiates access to the embedded synqvault system and sent to the device system. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims that follow. | 3,600 |
344,162 | 16,803,619 | 3,649 | Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for point cloud compression and decompression. In some examples, an apparatus for point cloud compression/decompression includes processing circuitry. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a point cloud from a coded bitstream and reconstructs a geometry reconstructed cloud according to a geometry image of the point cloud that is decoded from the coded bitstream. Further, the processing circuitry applies a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud, and reconstructs points of the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. | 1. A method for point cloud decompression, comprising:
decoding, by a processor, prediction information of a point cloud from a coded bitstream; reconstructing, by the processor, a geometry reconstructed cloud according to a geometry image of the point cloud that is decoded from the coded bitstream; applying, by the processor, a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud; and reconstructing, by the processor, points of the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of high frequency components higher than a threshold level. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of motion content higher than a threshold level. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
detecting, by the processor, edges inside the patch based on depth values of the geometry reconstructed cloud. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, points inside the patch based on motion information of corresponding pixels in the geometry image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the prediction information includes a flag indicative of applying a selective smoothing inside patches of the point cloud. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the prediction information is indicative of a specific algorithm to select points inside the patches. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the prediction information includes parameters for the specific algorithm. 9. A method for point cloud compression, comprising:
compressing, by a processor, a geometry image associated with a point cloud; reconstructing, by the processor, a geometry reconstructed cloud according to the compressed geometry image of the point cloud; applying, by the processor, a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud; and generating, by the processor, a texture image for the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of high frequency components higher than a threshold level. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of motion content higher than a threshold level. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
detecting, by the processor, edges inside the patch based on depth values of the geometry reconstructed cloud. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, points inside the patch based on motion information of corresponding pixels in the geometry image. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
including, in a coded bitstream for the compressed point cloud, a flag indicative of applying a selective smoothing inside patches of the point cloud. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
including, in the coded bitstream of the compressed point cloud, an indicator indicative of a specific algorithm to select points inside the patches to apply the selective smoothing. 16. An apparatus for point cloud decompression, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to:
decode prediction information of a point cloud from a coded bitstream;
reconstruct a geometry reconstructed cloud according to a geometry image of the point cloud that is decoded from the coded bitstream;
apply a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud; and
reconstruct points of the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
select an area inside the patch with a level of high frequency components higher than a threshold level. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
select an area inside the patch with a level of motion content higher than a threshold level. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
detect edges inside the patch based on depth values of the geometry reconstructed cloud. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
select points inside the patch based on motion information of corresponding pixels in the geometry image. | Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for point cloud compression and decompression. In some examples, an apparatus for point cloud compression/decompression includes processing circuitry. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a point cloud from a coded bitstream and reconstructs a geometry reconstructed cloud according to a geometry image of the point cloud that is decoded from the coded bitstream. Further, the processing circuitry applies a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud, and reconstructs points of the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud.1. A method for point cloud decompression, comprising:
decoding, by a processor, prediction information of a point cloud from a coded bitstream; reconstructing, by the processor, a geometry reconstructed cloud according to a geometry image of the point cloud that is decoded from the coded bitstream; applying, by the processor, a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud; and reconstructing, by the processor, points of the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of high frequency components higher than a threshold level. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of motion content higher than a threshold level. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
detecting, by the processor, edges inside the patch based on depth values of the geometry reconstructed cloud. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, points inside the patch based on motion information of corresponding pixels in the geometry image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the prediction information includes a flag indicative of applying a selective smoothing inside patches of the point cloud. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the prediction information is indicative of a specific algorithm to select points inside the patches. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the prediction information includes parameters for the specific algorithm. 9. A method for point cloud compression, comprising:
compressing, by a processor, a geometry image associated with a point cloud; reconstructing, by the processor, a geometry reconstructed cloud according to the compressed geometry image of the point cloud; applying, by the processor, a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud; and generating, by the processor, a texture image for the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of high frequency components higher than a threshold level. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, an area inside the patch with a level of motion content higher than a threshold level. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
detecting, by the processor, edges inside the patch based on depth values of the geometry reconstructed cloud. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
selecting, by the processor, points inside the patch based on motion information of corresponding pixels in the geometry image. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
including, in a coded bitstream for the compressed point cloud, a flag indicative of applying a selective smoothing inside patches of the point cloud. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
including, in the coded bitstream of the compressed point cloud, an indicator indicative of a specific algorithm to select points inside the patches to apply the selective smoothing. 16. An apparatus for point cloud decompression, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to:
decode prediction information of a point cloud from a coded bitstream;
reconstruct a geometry reconstructed cloud according to a geometry image of the point cloud that is decoded from the coded bitstream;
apply a filter to at least a geometry sample inside a patch of the geometry reconstructed cloud in addition to boundary samples of the patch to generate a smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud; and
reconstruct points of the point cloud based on the smoothed geometry reconstructed cloud. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
select an area inside the patch with a level of high frequency components higher than a threshold level. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
select an area inside the patch with a level of motion content higher than a threshold level. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
detect edges inside the patch based on depth values of the geometry reconstructed cloud. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
select points inside the patch based on motion information of corresponding pixels in the geometry image. | 3,600 |
344,163 | 16,803,641 | 3,649 | A spiking neural network device according to an embodiment includes a synaptic element, a neuron circuit, a synaptic potentiator, and a synaptic depressor. The synaptic element has a variable weight. The neuron circuit inputs a spike voltage having a magnitude adjusted in accordance with the weight of the synaptic element via the synaptic element, and fires when a predetermined condition is satisfied. The synaptic potentiator performs a potentiating operation for potentiating the weight of the synaptic element depending on input timing of the spike voltage and firing timing of the neuron circuit. The synaptic depressor performs a depression operation for depressing the weight of the synaptic element in accordance with a schedule independent from the input timing of the spike voltage and the firing timing of the neuron circuit. | 1. A spiking neural network device, comprising:
a synaptic element having a variable weight; a neuron circuit to which a spike voltage having a magnitude adjusted in accordance with the weight of the synaptic element is input via the synaptic element, the neuron circuit being configured to fire when a predetermined condition is satisfied; a synaptic potentiator configured to perform a potentiating operation for potentiating the weight of the synaptic element depending on input timing of the spike voltage and firing timing of the neuron circuit; and a synaptic depressor configured to perform a depression operation for depressing the weight of the synaptic element in accordance with a schedule independent from the input timing of the spike voltage and the firing timing of the neuron circuit. 2. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element takes discrete values. 3. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element is potentiated probabilistically upon occurrence of the potentiating operation. 4. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element is depressed probabilistically upon occurrence of the depression operation. 5. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element is depressed at a probability or a rate depending on a firing history of the neuron circuit. 6. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the synaptic element includes a non-volatile memory, and the weight of the synaptic element corresponds to information stored in the non-volatile memory. 7. A learning method of a spiking neural network device including
a synaptic element having a variable weight, and a neuron circuit to which a spike voltage having a magnitude adjusted in accordance with the weight of the synaptic element is input via the synaptic element, the neuron circuit being configured to fire when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the learning method comprising: performing a potentiating operation for potentiating the weight of the synaptic element depending on input timing of the spike voltage and firing timing of the neuron circuit; and performing a depression operation for depressing the weight of the synaptic element in accordance with a schedule independent from the input timing of the spike voltage and the firing timing of the neuron circuit. | A spiking neural network device according to an embodiment includes a synaptic element, a neuron circuit, a synaptic potentiator, and a synaptic depressor. The synaptic element has a variable weight. The neuron circuit inputs a spike voltage having a magnitude adjusted in accordance with the weight of the synaptic element via the synaptic element, and fires when a predetermined condition is satisfied. The synaptic potentiator performs a potentiating operation for potentiating the weight of the synaptic element depending on input timing of the spike voltage and firing timing of the neuron circuit. The synaptic depressor performs a depression operation for depressing the weight of the synaptic element in accordance with a schedule independent from the input timing of the spike voltage and the firing timing of the neuron circuit.1. A spiking neural network device, comprising:
a synaptic element having a variable weight; a neuron circuit to which a spike voltage having a magnitude adjusted in accordance with the weight of the synaptic element is input via the synaptic element, the neuron circuit being configured to fire when a predetermined condition is satisfied; a synaptic potentiator configured to perform a potentiating operation for potentiating the weight of the synaptic element depending on input timing of the spike voltage and firing timing of the neuron circuit; and a synaptic depressor configured to perform a depression operation for depressing the weight of the synaptic element in accordance with a schedule independent from the input timing of the spike voltage and the firing timing of the neuron circuit. 2. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element takes discrete values. 3. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element is potentiated probabilistically upon occurrence of the potentiating operation. 4. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element is depressed probabilistically upon occurrence of the depression operation. 5. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the synaptic element is depressed at a probability or a rate depending on a firing history of the neuron circuit. 6. The spiking neural network device according to claim 1, wherein the synaptic element includes a non-volatile memory, and the weight of the synaptic element corresponds to information stored in the non-volatile memory. 7. A learning method of a spiking neural network device including
a synaptic element having a variable weight, and a neuron circuit to which a spike voltage having a magnitude adjusted in accordance with the weight of the synaptic element is input via the synaptic element, the neuron circuit being configured to fire when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the learning method comprising: performing a potentiating operation for potentiating the weight of the synaptic element depending on input timing of the spike voltage and firing timing of the neuron circuit; and performing a depression operation for depressing the weight of the synaptic element in accordance with a schedule independent from the input timing of the spike voltage and the firing timing of the neuron circuit. | 3,600 |
344,164 | 16,803,583 | 3,649 | This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for assisting a user equipment (UE) with balancing quality of service (QoS) requirements (such as access latency or reliability requirements) and consumption of high priority network resources (such as for load balancing) when transmitting a random access message (RAM) in a two-step random access channel (RACH) procedure. As a result, the UE may be capable of satisfying QoS requirements for the RAM while reducing an impact of transmission of the RAM on other uplink transmissions. Furthermore, some techniques and apparatuses described herein assist a UE with prioritizing portions of the RAM in different UE operating modes, such as a dual connectivity mode, a carrier aggregation mode, or a supplemental uplink mode. Some techniques and apparatuses described herein employ cross-carrier scheduling, dynamic power sharing, or dynamic power control to achieve these and other performance improvements. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
determining a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters; determining a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload; transmitting the preamble using the first transmit power; and transmitting the payload using the second transmit power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the payload is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the payload, a power spectral density target for transmission of the payload, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the payload, or a combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first transmit power or the second transmit power is higher than a transmit power used for other uplink transmissions that overlap with the preamble or the payload of the random access message. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a sounding reference signal (SRS). 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmit power is higher than the second transmit power. 10-16. (canceled) 17. A apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to:
determine a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters;
determine a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload;
transmit the preamble using the first transmit power; and
transmit the payload using the second transmit power. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the payload is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the payload, a power spectral density target for transmission of the payload, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the payload, or a combination thereof. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein at least one of the first transmit power or the second transmit power is higher than a transmit power used for other uplink transmissions that overlap with the preamble or the payload of the random access message. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a sounding reference signal (SRS). 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. 25. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first transmit power is higher than the second transmit power. 26-30. (canceled) 31-54. (canceled) 55. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for wireless communication that when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to:
determine a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters; determine a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload; transmit the preamble using the first transmit power; and transmit the payload using the second transmit power. 56. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 57. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. 58. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the payload is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the payload, a power spectral density target for transmission of the payload, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the payload, or a combination thereof. 59. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein at least one of the first transmit power or the second transmit power is higher than a transmit power used for other uplink transmissions that overlap with the preamble or the payload of the random access message. 60. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a sounding reference signal (SRS). 61. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication. 62. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. 63. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the first transmit power is higher than the second transmit power. 64. A apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for determining a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters; means for determining a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload; means for transmitting the preamble using the first transmit power; and means for transmitting the payload using the second transmit power. 65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 66. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. | This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for assisting a user equipment (UE) with balancing quality of service (QoS) requirements (such as access latency or reliability requirements) and consumption of high priority network resources (such as for load balancing) when transmitting a random access message (RAM) in a two-step random access channel (RACH) procedure. As a result, the UE may be capable of satisfying QoS requirements for the RAM while reducing an impact of transmission of the RAM on other uplink transmissions. Furthermore, some techniques and apparatuses described herein assist a UE with prioritizing portions of the RAM in different UE operating modes, such as a dual connectivity mode, a carrier aggregation mode, or a supplemental uplink mode. Some techniques and apparatuses described herein employ cross-carrier scheduling, dynamic power sharing, or dynamic power control to achieve these and other performance improvements.1. A method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
determining a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters; determining a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload; transmitting the preamble using the first transmit power; and transmitting the payload using the second transmit power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the payload is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the payload, a power spectral density target for transmission of the payload, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the payload, or a combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first transmit power or the second transmit power is higher than a transmit power used for other uplink transmissions that overlap with the preamble or the payload of the random access message. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a sounding reference signal (SRS). 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmit power is higher than the second transmit power. 10-16. (canceled) 17. A apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to:
determine a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters;
determine a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload;
transmit the preamble using the first transmit power; and
transmit the payload using the second transmit power. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the payload is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the payload, a power spectral density target for transmission of the payload, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the payload, or a combination thereof. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein at least one of the first transmit power or the second transmit power is higher than a transmit power used for other uplink transmissions that overlap with the preamble or the payload of the random access message. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a sounding reference signal (SRS). 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. 25. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first transmit power is higher than the second transmit power. 26-30. (canceled) 31-54. (canceled) 55. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for wireless communication that when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to:
determine a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters; determine a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload; transmit the preamble using the first transmit power; and transmit the payload using the second transmit power. 56. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 57. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. 58. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the payload is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the payload, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the payload, a power spectral density target for transmission of the payload, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the payload, or a combination thereof. 59. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein at least one of the first transmit power or the second transmit power is higher than a transmit power used for other uplink transmissions that overlap with the preamble or the payload of the random access message. 60. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a sounding reference signal (SRS). 61. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication. 62. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein the other uplink transmissions include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. 63. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 55, wherein the first transmit power is higher than the second transmit power. 64. A apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for determining a first transmit power for transmission of a preamble of a random access message based at least in part on a first set of parameters; means for determining a second transmit power for transmission of a payload of the random access message based at least in part on a second set of parameters, wherein the random access message includes both the preamble and the payload; means for transmitting the preamble using the first transmit power; and means for transmitting the payload using the second transmit power. 65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the first set of parameters is different from the second set of parameters. 66. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of:
a transmission occasion in which the preamble is to be transmitted, a carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a pathloss measurement for the carrier to be used to transmit the preamble, a transmission bandwidth assigned for transmission of the preamble, a power spectral density target for transmission of the preamble, a pathloss compensation factor for transmission of the preamble, or a combination thereof. | 3,600 |
344,165 | 16,803,632 | 3,649 | Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for point cloud compression and decompression. In some examples, an apparatus for point cloud compression/decompression includes processing circuitry. For example, the processing circuitry of the apparatus for point cloud encoding determines, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud. Then the processing circuitry determines a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points, and encodes texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. | 1. A method for point cloud encoding, comprising:
determining, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud; determining a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points; and encoding texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, from the point cloud, a first set of candidate source points that are nearest neighbors to the target point. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining, from the point cloud, a second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of the nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining the first set of candidate source points that are N1 nearest neighbors to the target point, N1 being greater than 1. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining the second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of N2 nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set, N2 being greater than 1. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
calculating a first weighted color average based on colors of the first set of candidate source points; calculating a second weighted color average based on colors of the second set of candidate source points; and determining the color for the target point based on the first weighted color average and the second weighted color average. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
weighting a color of a candidate source point in the first set based on a distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
weighting the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of the distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
weighting the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of an ascending function of the distance. 10. An apparatus for point cloud encoding, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to:
determine, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud;
determine a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points; and
encode texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine, from the point cloud, a first set of candidate source points that are nearest neighbors to the target point. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine, from the point cloud, a second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of the nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine the first set of candidate source points that are N1 nearest neighbors to the target point, N1 being greater than 1. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine the second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of N2 nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set, N2 being greater than 1. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
calculate a first weighted color average based on colors of the first set of candidate source points; calculate a second weighted color average based on colors of the second set of candidate source points; and determine the color for the target point based on the first weighted color average and the second weighted color average. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight a color of a candidate source point in the first set based on a distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of the distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of an ascending function of the distance. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer for point cloud encoding cause the computer to perform:
determining, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud; determining a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points; and encoding texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions cause the computer to further perform:
determining, from the point cloud, a first set of candidate source points that are nearest neighbors to the target point; and determining, from the point cloud, a second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of the nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set. | Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for point cloud compression and decompression. In some examples, an apparatus for point cloud compression/decompression includes processing circuitry. For example, the processing circuitry of the apparatus for point cloud encoding determines, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud. Then the processing circuitry determines a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points, and encodes texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color.1. A method for point cloud encoding, comprising:
determining, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud; determining a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points; and encoding texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, from the point cloud, a first set of candidate source points that are nearest neighbors to the target point. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining, from the point cloud, a second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of the nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining the first set of candidate source points that are N1 nearest neighbors to the target point, N1 being greater than 1. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining the second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of N2 nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set, N2 being greater than 1. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
calculating a first weighted color average based on colors of the first set of candidate source points; calculating a second weighted color average based on colors of the second set of candidate source points; and determining the color for the target point based on the first weighted color average and the second weighted color average. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
weighting a color of a candidate source point in the first set based on a distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
weighting the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of the distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
weighting the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of an ascending function of the distance. 10. An apparatus for point cloud encoding, comprising:
processing circuitry configured to:
determine, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud;
determine a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points; and
encode texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine, from the point cloud, a first set of candidate source points that are nearest neighbors to the target point. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine, from the point cloud, a second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of the nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine the first set of candidate source points that are N1 nearest neighbors to the target point, N1 being greater than 1. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
determine the second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of N2 nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set, N2 being greater than 1. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
calculate a first weighted color average based on colors of the first set of candidate source points; calculate a second weighted color average based on colors of the second set of candidate source points; and determine the color for the target point based on the first weighted color average and the second weighted color average. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight a color of a candidate source point in the first set based on a distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of the distance from the candidate source point to the target point. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
weight the color of the candidate source point in the first set with a weight that is proportion to an inverse of an ascending function of the distance. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer for point cloud encoding cause the computer to perform:
determining, from a point cloud, more than two candidate source points that are associated with a target point in a reconstructed geometry reconstructed from a compressed geometry image for the point cloud; determining a color for the target point based on colors of the more than two candidate source points; and encoding texture of the point cloud with the target point having the determined color. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions cause the computer to further perform:
determining, from the point cloud, a first set of candidate source points that are nearest neighbors to the target point; and determining, from the point cloud, a second set of candidate source points with the target point being one of the nearest neighbors to each of the candidate source points in the second set. | 3,600 |
344,166 | 16,803,624 | 3,649 | Embodiments of this application provide a registration method and apparatus based on a service-based architecture. In this method, a management network element determines configuration information of a function network element, where the configuration information includes a security parameter; and the management network element sends the configuration information to the function network element. The function network element receives the configuration information sent by the management network element; and the function network element sends a registration request to a control network element based on the configuration information, where the registration request includes the security parameter. The control network element receives the registration request sent by the function network element, where the registration request includes the security parameter; and the control network element verifies correctness of the security parameter, and determines validity of the registration request based on the correctness of the security parameter. | 1. A registration method based on a service-based architecture, comprising:
receiving, by a control network element, a registration request sent by a function network element, wherein the registration request comprises a security parameter; and verifying, by the control network element, correctness of the security parameter, and determining validity of the registration request based on the correctness of the security parameter. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the security parameter comprises a token, and the token is generated by a management network element and sent to the function network element. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a digital signature, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a public key of the control network element, wherein
the digital signature is generated by the management network element by performing a digital signature algorithm on the function network element profile, the identifier of the function network element, and the shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a private key of the management network element; and the verifying, by the control network element, correctness of the security parameter comprises: decrypting, by the control network element, the token using a private key of the control network element, to obtain the digital signature; and verifying correctness of the digital signature using a public key of the management network element and signed content, wherein the signed content comprises the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a message authentication code, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element, wherein
the message authentication code is generated by the management network element by performing a message authentication code algorithm on the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile based on the symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element; and the verifying, by the control network element, correctness of the security parameter comprises: decrypting, by the control network element, the token using the symmetric key, to obtain the message authentication code; and verifying correctness of the message authentication code using the symmetric key and content that is protected by the message authentication code, wherein the content protected by the message authentication code comprises the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile, and may further comprise an identifier of the control network element. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the receiving, by a control network element, a registration request sent by a function network element, the method further comprises:
establishing, by the control network element when determining that the registration request is valid, a secure channel with the function network element based on a session key or a derivation key of a session key; wherein the control network element obtains the session key by decrypting the token, wherein the token is generated based on the session key, and the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a preset root key; or the control network element obtains the session key from the management network element, wherein the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a derivation key, and the derivation key is obtained by the management network element by performing key derivation on a preset root key, or the derivation key is a key of the function network element that is stored by the management network element. 6. A registration method based on a service-based architecture, comprising:
receiving, by a function network element, configuration information sent by a management network element; and sending, by the function network element, a registration request to a control network element based on the configuration information, wherein the registration request comprises a security parameter. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the security parameter comprises a token, and the configuration information comprises the token. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a digital signature, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a public key of the control network element, wherein the digital signature is generated by the management network element by performing a digital signature algorithm on the function network element profile, the identifier of the function network element, and the shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a private key of the management network element; or
the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a message authentication code, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element, wherein the message authentication code is generated by the management network element by performing a message authentication code algorithm on the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile based on the symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the sending, by the function network element, a registration request to a control network element, the method further comprises:
establishing, by the function network element, a secure channel with the control network element based on a session key or a derivation key of a session key, wherein the session key is generated by the management network element based on a preset root key and the identifier of the function network element, and the configuration information comprises the session key; or the session key is generated by the function network element based on the identifier of the function network element and a derivation key obtained from the management network element, and the derivation key is obtained by the management network element by performing key derivation on a preset root key, or the derivation key is a key of the function network element that is stored by the management network element. 10. A registration method based on a service-based architecture, comprising:
determining, by a management network element, configuration information of a function network element, wherein the configuration information comprises a security parameter; and sending, by the management network element, the configuration information to the function network element. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the security parameter comprises a token, wherein
the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a digital signature, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and a control network element based on a public key of the control network element, wherein the digital signature is generated by the management network element by performing a digital signature algorithm on the function network element profile, the identifier of the function network element, and the shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a private key of the management network element; or the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a message authentication code, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and a control network element based on a symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element, wherein the message authentication code is generated by the management network element by performing a message authentication code algorithm on the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile based on the symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the management network element, a session key, and sending the session key to the function network element or the control network element, wherein the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a preset root key; or the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a derivation key, and the derivation key is obtained by the management network element by performing key derivation on a preset root key, or the derivation key is a key of the function network element that is stored by the management network element. | Embodiments of this application provide a registration method and apparatus based on a service-based architecture. In this method, a management network element determines configuration information of a function network element, where the configuration information includes a security parameter; and the management network element sends the configuration information to the function network element. The function network element receives the configuration information sent by the management network element; and the function network element sends a registration request to a control network element based on the configuration information, where the registration request includes the security parameter. The control network element receives the registration request sent by the function network element, where the registration request includes the security parameter; and the control network element verifies correctness of the security parameter, and determines validity of the registration request based on the correctness of the security parameter.1. A registration method based on a service-based architecture, comprising:
receiving, by a control network element, a registration request sent by a function network element, wherein the registration request comprises a security parameter; and verifying, by the control network element, correctness of the security parameter, and determining validity of the registration request based on the correctness of the security parameter. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the security parameter comprises a token, and the token is generated by a management network element and sent to the function network element. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a digital signature, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a public key of the control network element, wherein
the digital signature is generated by the management network element by performing a digital signature algorithm on the function network element profile, the identifier of the function network element, and the shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a private key of the management network element; and the verifying, by the control network element, correctness of the security parameter comprises: decrypting, by the control network element, the token using a private key of the control network element, to obtain the digital signature; and verifying correctness of the digital signature using a public key of the management network element and signed content, wherein the signed content comprises the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a message authentication code, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element, wherein
the message authentication code is generated by the management network element by performing a message authentication code algorithm on the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile based on the symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element; and the verifying, by the control network element, correctness of the security parameter comprises: decrypting, by the control network element, the token using the symmetric key, to obtain the message authentication code; and verifying correctness of the message authentication code using the symmetric key and content that is protected by the message authentication code, wherein the content protected by the message authentication code comprises the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile, and may further comprise an identifier of the control network element. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the receiving, by a control network element, a registration request sent by a function network element, the method further comprises:
establishing, by the control network element when determining that the registration request is valid, a secure channel with the function network element based on a session key or a derivation key of a session key; wherein the control network element obtains the session key by decrypting the token, wherein the token is generated based on the session key, and the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a preset root key; or the control network element obtains the session key from the management network element, wherein the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a derivation key, and the derivation key is obtained by the management network element by performing key derivation on a preset root key, or the derivation key is a key of the function network element that is stored by the management network element. 6. A registration method based on a service-based architecture, comprising:
receiving, by a function network element, configuration information sent by a management network element; and sending, by the function network element, a registration request to a control network element based on the configuration information, wherein the registration request comprises a security parameter. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the security parameter comprises a token, and the configuration information comprises the token. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a digital signature, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a public key of the control network element, wherein the digital signature is generated by the management network element by performing a digital signature algorithm on the function network element profile, the identifier of the function network element, and the shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a private key of the management network element; or
the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a message authentication code, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element, wherein the message authentication code is generated by the management network element by performing a message authentication code algorithm on the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile based on the symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the sending, by the function network element, a registration request to a control network element, the method further comprises:
establishing, by the function network element, a secure channel with the control network element based on a session key or a derivation key of a session key, wherein the session key is generated by the management network element based on a preset root key and the identifier of the function network element, and the configuration information comprises the session key; or the session key is generated by the function network element based on the identifier of the function network element and a derivation key obtained from the management network element, and the derivation key is obtained by the management network element by performing key derivation on a preset root key, or the derivation key is a key of the function network element that is stored by the management network element. 10. A registration method based on a service-based architecture, comprising:
determining, by a management network element, configuration information of a function network element, wherein the configuration information comprises a security parameter; and sending, by the management network element, the configuration information to the function network element. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the security parameter comprises a token, wherein
the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a digital signature, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and a control network element based on a public key of the control network element, wherein the digital signature is generated by the management network element by performing a digital signature algorithm on the function network element profile, the identifier of the function network element, and the shared key between the function network element and the control network element based on a private key of the management network element; or the token is generated by the management network element by encrypting a message authentication code, a function network element profile, an identifier of the function network element, and a shared key between the function network element and a control network element based on a symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element, wherein the message authentication code is generated by the management network element by performing a message authentication code algorithm on the shared key between the function network element and the control network element, the identifier of the function network element, and the function network element profile based on the symmetric key shared between the management network element and the control network element. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the management network element, a session key, and sending the session key to the function network element or the control network element, wherein the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a preset root key; or the session key is generated by the management network element by encrypting the identifier of the function network element based on a derivation key, and the derivation key is obtained by the management network element by performing key derivation on a preset root key, or the derivation key is a key of the function network element that is stored by the management network element. | 3,600 |
344,167 | 16,803,633 | 3,649 | Methods for modifying neuronal functional activity and/or treating a neurological disorder by using agents that raise neuronal intracellular concentration of magnesium are disclosed. Also provided herein are methods of determining the amenability of an individual to treatment for a neurological disorder, by measuring changes in intracellular magnesium concentration. | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. A method comprising:
administering a [Mg2+]i-elevating agent to an individual having or suspected of having a neurological disorder; determining a first level of magnesium in blood cells of a first blood sample obtained from the individual before the administering; and evaluating a change in cognitive competency of the individual from before to after the administering. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring the level of magnesium in the blood cells, before the administering, to determine the first level of magnesium. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining a second level of magnesium in blood cells of a second blood sample obtained from the individual after the administering. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising measuring the level of magnesium in the blood cells, after the administering, to determine the second level of magnesium. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising continuing administration of the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent to the individual when the second level of magnesium is greater than the first level of magnesium. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the cognitive competency comprises executive function, working memory, attention and/or short-term episodic memory. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising administering a cognitive test for evaluating the cognitive competency of the individual before and/or after administering the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising continuing administration of the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent to the individual when the cognitive competency is not improved or is substantially the same as from before to after administering the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent, and when the second level of magnesium is greater than the first level of magnesium. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the neurological disorder comprises cognitive impairment and/or a magnesium deficiency-caused neurological disorder. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cognitive impairment comprises age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, or cognitive fluctuation. 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood cells comprise red blood cells. 21. The method of claim 10, wherein the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent comprises a magnesium-containing compound. 22.-28. (canceled) 29. A method of identifying an active agent that modifies a functional property of a neuron, comprising:
contacting a first population of neurons in vitro with a first medium comprising a candidate agent, wherein the neurons comprise a magnesium indicator dye; and measuring a level of intracellular magnesium ([Mg2+]i) in one or more subcellular regions of the neurons after the contacting, wherein the candidate agent is determined to be an active agent that modifies a [Mg2+]i-dependent functional property of a neuron when the measured level is higher than a reference level of intracellular magnesium, and wherein the [Mg2+]i-dependent functional property comprises one or more of: a functional presynaptic terminal density; a mitochondrial function per unit dendritic area; an abundance of one or more presynaptic Ca2+ sensitivity-related proteins; and an average probability of synaptic release in response to low frequency single action potential input. 30. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnesium is ionized magnesium. 31. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnesium is total intracellular magnesium. | Methods for modifying neuronal functional activity and/or treating a neurological disorder by using agents that raise neuronal intracellular concentration of magnesium are disclosed. Also provided herein are methods of determining the amenability of an individual to treatment for a neurological disorder, by measuring changes in intracellular magnesium concentration.1.-9. (canceled) 10. A method comprising:
administering a [Mg2+]i-elevating agent to an individual having or suspected of having a neurological disorder; determining a first level of magnesium in blood cells of a first blood sample obtained from the individual before the administering; and evaluating a change in cognitive competency of the individual from before to after the administering. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring the level of magnesium in the blood cells, before the administering, to determine the first level of magnesium. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining a second level of magnesium in blood cells of a second blood sample obtained from the individual after the administering. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising measuring the level of magnesium in the blood cells, after the administering, to determine the second level of magnesium. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising continuing administration of the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent to the individual when the second level of magnesium is greater than the first level of magnesium. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the cognitive competency comprises executive function, working memory, attention and/or short-term episodic memory. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising administering a cognitive test for evaluating the cognitive competency of the individual before and/or after administering the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising continuing administration of the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent to the individual when the cognitive competency is not improved or is substantially the same as from before to after administering the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent, and when the second level of magnesium is greater than the first level of magnesium. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the neurological disorder comprises cognitive impairment and/or a magnesium deficiency-caused neurological disorder. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the cognitive impairment comprises age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, or cognitive fluctuation. 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood cells comprise red blood cells. 21. The method of claim 10, wherein the [Mg2+]i-elevating agent comprises a magnesium-containing compound. 22.-28. (canceled) 29. A method of identifying an active agent that modifies a functional property of a neuron, comprising:
contacting a first population of neurons in vitro with a first medium comprising a candidate agent, wherein the neurons comprise a magnesium indicator dye; and measuring a level of intracellular magnesium ([Mg2+]i) in one or more subcellular regions of the neurons after the contacting, wherein the candidate agent is determined to be an active agent that modifies a [Mg2+]i-dependent functional property of a neuron when the measured level is higher than a reference level of intracellular magnesium, and wherein the [Mg2+]i-dependent functional property comprises one or more of: a functional presynaptic terminal density; a mitochondrial function per unit dendritic area; an abundance of one or more presynaptic Ca2+ sensitivity-related proteins; and an average probability of synaptic release in response to low frequency single action potential input. 30. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnesium is ionized magnesium. 31. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnesium is total intracellular magnesium. | 3,600 |
344,168 | 16,803,638 | 3,649 | Provided is a glass type electronic device including a binocular lens, a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and seated on a head of the wearer, an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and emitting light to the binocular lens. The optical driving lens can include an image source panel for generating light corresponding to a content image, an emitting lens group provided to expose an exit surface to an outside of the electronic component case and for adjusting an exit angle and a focal length of the light, and a reflective mirror provided to expose a reflection surface to an outside of the electronic component case and for reflecting the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to the binocular lens. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and configured to be seated on a head of the wearer; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame; and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit light to the binocular lens,
wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to a content image;
an emitting lens group exposing an exit surface to outside of the electronic component case and configured to adjust an exit angle and a focal length of the light; and
a reflective mirror exposed to outside of the electronic component case and configured to reflect the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to the binocular lens. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
a transverse width of an upper portion of the electronic component case is greater than a transverse width of a lower portion of the electronic component case, and the electronic component case further comprises an inclined mounting surface that forms an inclined plane at a left end or a right end of the upper portion, the reflective mirror being arranged on the inclined mounting surface. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, further comprising:
a battery provided in the upper portion of the electronic component case and configured to supply power to the optical driving assembly; and a printed circuit board provided in the lower portion of the electronic component case, wherein the image source panel and the emitting lens group are provided in the lower portion of the electronic component case. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein:
the printed circuit board and the emitting lens group are provided at a front side and a rear side of the electronic component case, respectively, the image source panel and a plurality of lenses in the emitting lens group are stacked in a direction transverse to a length of the electronic component case, and the image source panel is disposed on a first side of the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror disposed on a second side of the emitting lens group, the first side of the emitting lens group being opposite to the second side of the emitting lens group. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the electronic component case further comprises a middle frame provided between the printed circuit board and the emitting lens group and fixed to the emitting lens group. 6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein:
the lower portion of the electronic component case has a forward protrusion formed such that a transverse central area protrudes more forward than a periphery area, and at least some of electronic components mounted in the printed circuit board are disposed in a protruding inner space formed by the forward protrusion. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic component case comprises:
a seating frame having at least one open area; and a cover frame configured to selectively open and close the at least one open area of the seating frame. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic component case is integrally formed with the lens frame. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic component case is selectively attachable to or detachable from the lens frame. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the electronic component case is configured to slide onto the lens frame. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, and including a top surface and an inclined mounting surface that is inclined relative to the top surface of the electronic component case; and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit light to the binocular lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to a content image;
an emitting lens group exposing an exit surface to outside of the electronic component case and configured to adjust an exit angle and a focal length of the light; and
a reflective mirror mounted to the inclined mounting surface of the electronic component case and configured to reflect the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to the binocular lens. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the reflective mirror is partially exposed to outside of the electronic component case. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the emitting lens group includes a plurality of lenses, and
wherein the image source panel and the plurality of lenses of the emitting lens group are stacked in a direction transverse to a length of the electronic component case. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, the image source panel is disposed on a first side of the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror disposed on a second side of the emitting lens group, the first side of the emitting lens group being opposite to the second side of the emitting lens group. 15. The electronic device of claim 11, further comprising:
a battery provided in an upper portion of the electronic component case and configured to supply power to the optical driving assembly; and a printed circuit board provided in a lower portion of the electronic component case, wherein the image source panel is mounted to the printed circuit board. 16. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising a middle frame dividing the lower portion of the electronic component case into two spaces and disposed between the battery and the optical driving assembly. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the middle frame includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and
wherein the first surface of the middle frame is fixed to the printed circuit board and the second surface of the middle frame is fixed to the emitting lens group. 18. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the electronic component case is selectively attachable to or detachable from the lens frame. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the electronic component case is configured to slide onto the lens frame. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens including a reflection region; a lens frame fixed to the lens; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, and including a top surface and an inclined mounting surface that is inclined relative to the top surface of the electronic component case; an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case adjacent to the inclined mounting surface of the electronic component case, and configured to emit light to the reflection region of the lens through a reflective mirror, wherein the reflective mirror is mounted to the inclined mounting surface of the electronic component case. | Provided is a glass type electronic device including a binocular lens, a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and seated on a head of the wearer, an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and emitting light to the binocular lens. The optical driving lens can include an image source panel for generating light corresponding to a content image, an emitting lens group provided to expose an exit surface to an outside of the electronic component case and for adjusting an exit angle and a focal length of the light, and a reflective mirror provided to expose a reflection surface to an outside of the electronic component case and for reflecting the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to the binocular lens.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and configured to be seated on a head of the wearer; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame; and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit light to the binocular lens,
wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to a content image;
an emitting lens group exposing an exit surface to outside of the electronic component case and configured to adjust an exit angle and a focal length of the light; and
a reflective mirror exposed to outside of the electronic component case and configured to reflect the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to the binocular lens. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
a transverse width of an upper portion of the electronic component case is greater than a transverse width of a lower portion of the electronic component case, and the electronic component case further comprises an inclined mounting surface that forms an inclined plane at a left end or a right end of the upper portion, the reflective mirror being arranged on the inclined mounting surface. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, further comprising:
a battery provided in the upper portion of the electronic component case and configured to supply power to the optical driving assembly; and a printed circuit board provided in the lower portion of the electronic component case, wherein the image source panel and the emitting lens group are provided in the lower portion of the electronic component case. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein:
the printed circuit board and the emitting lens group are provided at a front side and a rear side of the electronic component case, respectively, the image source panel and a plurality of lenses in the emitting lens group are stacked in a direction transverse to a length of the electronic component case, and the image source panel is disposed on a first side of the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror disposed on a second side of the emitting lens group, the first side of the emitting lens group being opposite to the second side of the emitting lens group. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the electronic component case further comprises a middle frame provided between the printed circuit board and the emitting lens group and fixed to the emitting lens group. 6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein:
the lower portion of the electronic component case has a forward protrusion formed such that a transverse central area protrudes more forward than a periphery area, and at least some of electronic components mounted in the printed circuit board are disposed in a protruding inner space formed by the forward protrusion. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic component case comprises:
a seating frame having at least one open area; and a cover frame configured to selectively open and close the at least one open area of the seating frame. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic component case is integrally formed with the lens frame. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic component case is selectively attachable to or detachable from the lens frame. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the electronic component case is configured to slide onto the lens frame. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, and including a top surface and an inclined mounting surface that is inclined relative to the top surface of the electronic component case; and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit light to the binocular lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to generate light corresponding to a content image;
an emitting lens group exposing an exit surface to outside of the electronic component case and configured to adjust an exit angle and a focal length of the light; and
a reflective mirror mounted to the inclined mounting surface of the electronic component case and configured to reflect the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to the binocular lens. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the reflective mirror is partially exposed to outside of the electronic component case. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the emitting lens group includes a plurality of lenses, and
wherein the image source panel and the plurality of lenses of the emitting lens group are stacked in a direction transverse to a length of the electronic component case. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, the image source panel is disposed on a first side of the emitting lens group and the reflective mirror disposed on a second side of the emitting lens group, the first side of the emitting lens group being opposite to the second side of the emitting lens group. 15. The electronic device of claim 11, further comprising:
a battery provided in an upper portion of the electronic component case and configured to supply power to the optical driving assembly; and a printed circuit board provided in a lower portion of the electronic component case, wherein the image source panel is mounted to the printed circuit board. 16. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising a middle frame dividing the lower portion of the electronic component case into two spaces and disposed between the battery and the optical driving assembly. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the middle frame includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and
wherein the first surface of the middle frame is fixed to the printed circuit board and the second surface of the middle frame is fixed to the emitting lens group. 18. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the electronic component case is selectively attachable to or detachable from the lens frame. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the electronic component case is configured to slide onto the lens frame. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens including a reflection region; a lens frame fixed to the lens; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, and including a top surface and an inclined mounting surface that is inclined relative to the top surface of the electronic component case; an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case adjacent to the inclined mounting surface of the electronic component case, and configured to emit light to the reflection region of the lens through a reflective mirror, wherein the reflective mirror is mounted to the inclined mounting surface of the electronic component case. | 3,600 |
344,169 | 16,803,639 | 3,649 | Embodiments herein relate to devices and related systems and methods for motion sickness prevention and mitigation. In an embodiment, a method of preventing or mitigating motion sickness in a subject is included, the method tracking motion of the subject using a first motion sensor; estimating a vestibular system input based on tracked motion of the subject; tracking head position of the subject using the first motion sensor; estimating a visual system input based on tracked head position of the subject; estimating consistency between the vestibular system input and the visual system input; and initiating a responsive measure if the estimated consistency crosses a threshold value. Other embodiments are also included herein. | 1. A method of preventing or mitigating motion sickness in a subject comprising:
tracking motion of the subject using a first motion sensor; estimating a vestibular system input based on tracked motion of the subject; tracking head position of the subject using the first motion sensor; estimating a visual system input based on tracked head position of the subject; estimating consistency between the vestibular system input and the visual system input; and initiating a responsive measure if the estimated consistency crosses a threshold value. 2. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising prompting the subject to move their head sufficiently to increase consistency between the vestibular system input and the visual system input. 3. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising providing auditory stimulation. 4. The method of claim 3, the auditory stimulation comprising a perceptually stationary auditory stimulus. 5. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising prompting the subject to focus their gaze on the horizon. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using tracked head position of the subject to assess whether the subject focused their gaze on the horizon. 7. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising displaying video images on a device with a display screen showing motion consistent with tracked motion. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the shown motion changes in response to tracked motion changes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating visual system input based on tracked head position of the subject comprises estimating a direction of visual focus of the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating focal depth of the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising tracking eye movement of the subject. 12-15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing ambient sounds with a microphone as part of a hearing assistance device and classifying current surroundings of the subject based on the ambient sounds. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing data with at least one of a magnetic sensor, a telecoil, a wireless radio antenna, and a motion sensor as part of a hearing assistance device and classifying current surroundings of the subject based on the ambient sounds. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing data with at least one sensor and further comprising classifying the current surroundings as one of vehicular, stationary, and non-stationary. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising subclassifying vehicular surroundings as one of a passenger vehicle, a bus, a train, a plane, and a boat. 20-21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting motion at a frequency of less than 0.5 Hz; wherein detection of sustained oscillating motion at a frequency of less than 0.5 Hz results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a boat. 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising detecting ambient sound, wherein detection of sustained sound at a frequency of less than 200 Hz results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a train. 25. The method of claim 19, wherein detection of sustained motion at a speed of greater than 150 MPH results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a plane. 26. The method of claim 19, wherein detection of a change in altitude exceeding a threshold value over less than a threshold amount of time results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a plane. 27-28. (canceled) 29. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting emesis of the subject. 30-39. (canceled) 40. A method of preventing or mitigating motion sickness in a subject comprising:
tracking motion of the subject using a first motion sensor associated with a hearing assistance device; tracking head position of the subject using the first motion sensor; sensing ambient sounds with the hearing assistance device; classifying the surroundings based on the tracked motion, tracked head position, and ambient sound as one of
vehicular;
stationary; and
non-stationary;
initiating a responsive measure based on the classification of the surroundings. 41. The method of claim 40, the responsive measure comprising lifting the subjects head to a horizontal position if the tracked head position is indicated to be below or above horizontal. 42. The method of claim 40, the responsive measure comprising at least one of
administering aural stimulation to the subject; prompting the subject to open a vent and/or adjust a fan speed to increase air flow; prompting the subject to maintain their gaze at a fixed point; prompting the subject to maintain their gaze at a fixed point on the horizon no less than 30 degrees different than the direction of a vector representing their current motion; and prompting the subject to breath according to a predetermined cadence. 43-49. (canceled) | Embodiments herein relate to devices and related systems and methods for motion sickness prevention and mitigation. In an embodiment, a method of preventing or mitigating motion sickness in a subject is included, the method tracking motion of the subject using a first motion sensor; estimating a vestibular system input based on tracked motion of the subject; tracking head position of the subject using the first motion sensor; estimating a visual system input based on tracked head position of the subject; estimating consistency between the vestibular system input and the visual system input; and initiating a responsive measure if the estimated consistency crosses a threshold value. Other embodiments are also included herein.1. A method of preventing or mitigating motion sickness in a subject comprising:
tracking motion of the subject using a first motion sensor; estimating a vestibular system input based on tracked motion of the subject; tracking head position of the subject using the first motion sensor; estimating a visual system input based on tracked head position of the subject; estimating consistency between the vestibular system input and the visual system input; and initiating a responsive measure if the estimated consistency crosses a threshold value. 2. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising prompting the subject to move their head sufficiently to increase consistency between the vestibular system input and the visual system input. 3. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising providing auditory stimulation. 4. The method of claim 3, the auditory stimulation comprising a perceptually stationary auditory stimulus. 5. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising prompting the subject to focus their gaze on the horizon. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using tracked head position of the subject to assess whether the subject focused their gaze on the horizon. 7. The method of claim 1, the responsive measure comprising displaying video images on a device with a display screen showing motion consistent with tracked motion. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the shown motion changes in response to tracked motion changes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating visual system input based on tracked head position of the subject comprises estimating a direction of visual focus of the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating focal depth of the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising tracking eye movement of the subject. 12-15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing ambient sounds with a microphone as part of a hearing assistance device and classifying current surroundings of the subject based on the ambient sounds. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing data with at least one of a magnetic sensor, a telecoil, a wireless radio antenna, and a motion sensor as part of a hearing assistance device and classifying current surroundings of the subject based on the ambient sounds. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing data with at least one sensor and further comprising classifying the current surroundings as one of vehicular, stationary, and non-stationary. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising subclassifying vehicular surroundings as one of a passenger vehicle, a bus, a train, a plane, and a boat. 20-21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting motion at a frequency of less than 0.5 Hz; wherein detection of sustained oscillating motion at a frequency of less than 0.5 Hz results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a boat. 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising detecting ambient sound, wherein detection of sustained sound at a frequency of less than 200 Hz results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a train. 25. The method of claim 19, wherein detection of sustained motion at a speed of greater than 150 MPH results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a plane. 26. The method of claim 19, wherein detection of a change in altitude exceeding a threshold value over less than a threshold amount of time results in a classification of current surroundings as vehicular and a subclassification as a plane. 27-28. (canceled) 29. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting emesis of the subject. 30-39. (canceled) 40. A method of preventing or mitigating motion sickness in a subject comprising:
tracking motion of the subject using a first motion sensor associated with a hearing assistance device; tracking head position of the subject using the first motion sensor; sensing ambient sounds with the hearing assistance device; classifying the surroundings based on the tracked motion, tracked head position, and ambient sound as one of
vehicular;
stationary; and
non-stationary;
initiating a responsive measure based on the classification of the surroundings. 41. The method of claim 40, the responsive measure comprising lifting the subjects head to a horizontal position if the tracked head position is indicated to be below or above horizontal. 42. The method of claim 40, the responsive measure comprising at least one of
administering aural stimulation to the subject; prompting the subject to open a vent and/or adjust a fan speed to increase air flow; prompting the subject to maintain their gaze at a fixed point; prompting the subject to maintain their gaze at a fixed point on the horizon no less than 30 degrees different than the direction of a vector representing their current motion; and prompting the subject to breath according to a predetermined cadence. 43-49. (canceled) | 3,600 |
344,170 | 16,803,626 | 3,649 | One example method includes intercepting an IO issued by an application of a VM, the IO including IO data and IO metadata, storing the IO data in an IO buffer, writing the IO metadata and a pointer, but not the IO data, to a splitter journal in memory, wherein the pointer points to the IO data in the IO buffer, forwarding the IO to storage, and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO data and the IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. | 1. A method, comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application of a VM, the IO including IO data and IO metadata; storing the IO data in an IO buffer; writing the IO metadata and a pointer, but not the IO data, to a splitter journal in memory, wherein the pointer points to the IO data in the IO buffer; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO metadata and the IO data from the splitter journal to a replication site. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein writing the pointer and IO metadata to the splitter journal site does not increase a latency associated with the operations between the application and storage. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising, asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, sending the IO data from the IO buffer to the replication site. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising maintaining write order fidelity of incoming IOs from the VM as the VM migrates from a first host to a second host, and maintaining write order fidelity comprises marking each incoming IO with a session number. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising receiving IOs from two different hosts as the VM migrates from one of the hosts to the other host, and maintaining write order fidelity of the IOs. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising experiencing a crash of the VM and, after restart of the VM, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the VM. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein after replication of IOs to the replication site has been suspended due to a lack of communication between the VM and the replication site, the method further comprises either:
resynchronizing a replication disk with a disk of the VM if communication between the VM and the replication site does not resume within a user-specified time period; or if communication between the VM and the replication site resumes within the user-specified time period, recommencing splitter journal evacuation. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the memory comprises NVM. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein part of the method is performed inside a hypervisor kernel. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application of a VM, the IO including IO data and IO metadata; storing the IO data in an IO buffer; writing the IO metadata and a pointer, but not the IO data, to a splitter journal in memory, wherein the pointer points to the IO data in the IO buffer; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO metadata and the IO data from the splitter journal to a replication site. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein writing the pointer and IO metadata to the splitter journal site does not increase a latency associated with the operations between the application and storage. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, sending the IO data from the IO buffer to the replication site. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise maintaining write order fidelity of incoming IOs from the VM as the VM migrates from a first host to a second host, and maintaining write order fidelity comprises marking each incoming IO with a session number. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise receiving IOs from two different hosts as the VM migrates from one of the hosts to the other host, and maintaining write order fidelity of the IOs. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise experiencing a crash of the VM and, after restart of the VM, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the VM. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein after replication of IOs to the replication site has been suspended due to a lack of communication between the VM and the replication site, the operations further comprise either:
resynchronizing a replication disk with a disk of the VM if communication between the VM and the replication site does not resume within a user-specified time period; or if communication between the VM and the replication site resumes within the user-specified time period, recommencing splitter journal evacuation. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the memory comprises NVM. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein one or more of the operations are performed inside a hypervisor kernel. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. | One example method includes intercepting an IO issued by an application of a VM, the IO including IO data and IO metadata, storing the IO data in an IO buffer, writing the IO metadata and a pointer, but not the IO data, to a splitter journal in memory, wherein the pointer points to the IO data in the IO buffer, forwarding the IO to storage, and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO data and the IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site.1. A method, comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application of a VM, the IO including IO data and IO metadata; storing the IO data in an IO buffer; writing the IO metadata and a pointer, but not the IO data, to a splitter journal in memory, wherein the pointer points to the IO data in the IO buffer; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO metadata and the IO data from the splitter journal to a replication site. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein writing the pointer and IO metadata to the splitter journal site does not increase a latency associated with the operations between the application and storage. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising, asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, sending the IO data from the IO buffer to the replication site. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising maintaining write order fidelity of incoming IOs from the VM as the VM migrates from a first host to a second host, and maintaining write order fidelity comprises marking each incoming IO with a session number. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising receiving IOs from two different hosts as the VM migrates from one of the hosts to the other host, and maintaining write order fidelity of the IOs. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising experiencing a crash of the VM and, after restart of the VM, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the VM. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein after replication of IOs to the replication site has been suspended due to a lack of communication between the VM and the replication site, the method further comprises either:
resynchronizing a replication disk with a disk of the VM if communication between the VM and the replication site does not resume within a user-specified time period; or if communication between the VM and the replication site resumes within the user-specified time period, recommencing splitter journal evacuation. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the memory comprises NVM. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein part of the method is performed inside a hypervisor kernel. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application of a VM, the IO including IO data and IO metadata; storing the IO data in an IO buffer; writing the IO metadata and a pointer, but not the IO data, to a splitter journal in memory, wherein the pointer points to the IO data in the IO buffer; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO metadata and the IO data from the splitter journal to a replication site. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein writing the pointer and IO metadata to the splitter journal site does not increase a latency associated with the operations between the application and storage. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, sending the IO data from the IO buffer to the replication site. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise maintaining write order fidelity of incoming IOs from the VM as the VM migrates from a first host to a second host, and maintaining write order fidelity comprises marking each incoming IO with a session number. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise receiving IOs from two different hosts as the VM migrates from one of the hosts to the other host, and maintaining write order fidelity of the IOs. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise experiencing a crash of the VM and, after restart of the VM, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the VM. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein after replication of IOs to the replication site has been suspended due to a lack of communication between the VM and the replication site, the operations further comprise either:
resynchronizing a replication disk with a disk of the VM if communication between the VM and the replication site does not resume within a user-specified time period; or if communication between the VM and the replication site resumes within the user-specified time period, recommencing splitter journal evacuation. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the memory comprises NVM. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein one or more of the operations are performed inside a hypervisor kernel. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. | 3,600 |
344,171 | 16,803,628 | 3,649 | The present disclosure relates to compounds that bind to at least one of ACAT1/2 and OXCT1/2 and inhibit mitochondrial ATP production, referred to herein as mitoketoscins. Methods of screening compounds for mitochondrial inhibition and anti-cancer properties are disclosed. Also described are methods of using mitoketoscins to prevent or treat cancer, bacterial infections, and pathogenic yeast, as well as methods of using mitoketoscins to provide anti-aging benefits. Specific mitoketoscin compounds are also disclosed. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein each R comprises fluorine. 3. A mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 4. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein each R comprises fluorine. 5. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin possesses anti-aging activity. 6. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin possesses radiosensitizing activity. 7. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin possesses photosensitizing activity. 8. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin sensitizes cancer stem cells to chemotherapeutic agents. 9. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin sensitizes cancer stem cells to natural substances. 10. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin sensitizes cancer stem cells to caloric restriction. 11. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin binds to at least one of OXCT1, OXCT2, ACAT1, and ACAT2. 12. A method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need thereof of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each R comprises fluorine. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising administering a mitochondrial support substrate comprising at least one of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, fatty acids and acetyl-carnitine. 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein each R comprises fluorine. | The present disclosure relates to compounds that bind to at least one of ACAT1/2 and OXCT1/2 and inhibit mitochondrial ATP production, referred to herein as mitoketoscins. Methods of screening compounds for mitochondrial inhibition and anti-cancer properties are disclosed. Also described are methods of using mitoketoscins to prevent or treat cancer, bacterial infections, and pathogenic yeast, as well as methods of using mitoketoscins to provide anti-aging benefits. Specific mitoketoscin compounds are also disclosed.1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein each R comprises fluorine. 3. A mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 4. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein each R comprises fluorine. 5. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin possesses anti-aging activity. 6. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin possesses radiosensitizing activity. 7. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin possesses photosensitizing activity. 8. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin sensitizes cancer stem cells to chemotherapeutic agents. 9. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin sensitizes cancer stem cells to natural substances. 10. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin sensitizes cancer stem cells to caloric restriction. 11. The mitoketoscin of claim 3, wherein the mitoketoscin binds to at least one of OXCT1, OXCT2, ACAT1, and ACAT2. 12. A method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need thereof of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each R comprises fluorine. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising administering a mitochondrial support substrate comprising at least one of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, fatty acids and acetyl-carnitine. 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a mitoketoscin comprising the general formula: 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein each R comprises fluorine. | 3,600 |
344,172 | 16,803,631 | 3,641 | A level indicator system for an aiming system comprising a base assembly, a level assembly. The base assembly comprises a base member defining a base axis, a plate, and a support member. The level assembly comprises a level indicator defining a level axis. The base member and the plate support the support member such that a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjustable. The support member supports the level assembly such that a location of the level axis relative to the base axis is altered when a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjusted. | 1. A level indicator system for an aiming system comprising:
a base assembly comprising
a base member defining a base axis,
a plate, and
a support member; and
a level assembly comprising a level indicator defining a level axis; wherein the base member and the plate support the support member such that a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjustable; and the support member supports the level assembly such that a location of the level axis relative to the base axis is altered when a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjusted. 2. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
at least one screw opening formed in the plate; and at least one screw supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the at least one screw opening; whereby the at least one screw engages at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 3. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
first and second screw openings formed in the plate; a first screw supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the first screw opening; and a second screw supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the second screw opening; whereby the first and second screws engage at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 4. A level indicator system as recited in claim 4, in which the first screw opening is substantially orthogonal to the second screw opening. 5. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, in which:
the base member defines a first pivot opening; the plate defines a second pivot opening; the level assembly defines a level pivot opening; and the support member extends at least partly through the first pivot opening, at least partly through the second pivot opening, and at least partly through the level pivot opening to support the level assembly for pivoting movement relative to the base member. 6. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into at least one position relative to the base member. 7. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into a plurality of positions relative to the base member. 8. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into a first extended position, a second extended position, and a retracted position relative to the base member. 9. A method of leveling an aiming system comprising the steps of:
providing a base member defining a base axis; providing a plate; providing a support member; providing a level assembly comprising a level indicator defining a level axis; supporting the level assembly on the support member; arranging the base member and the plate to support the support member such that a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjustable; and adjusting the location of the plate relative to the base member to alter a location of the level axis relative to the base axis. 10. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
forming at least one screw opening in the plate; and supporting at least one screw with the base member such that the at least one screw extends at least partly into the at least one screw opening and engages at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 11. A method as recited in claim 10, further comprising the steps of:
forming first and second screw openings in the plate; supporting first and second screws on the base member such that the first and second screws extend at least partly into the first and second screw openings, respectively, and engage at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 12. A method as recited in claim 11, in which the first screw opening is substantially orthogonal to the second screw opening. 13. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
forming a first pivot opening in the base member; forming a second pivot opening in the plate; forming a level pivot opening in a level housing of the level assembly; and arranging the support member to extend at least partly through the first pivot opening, at least partly through the second pivot opening, and at least partly through the level pivot opening to support the level assembly for pivoting movement relative to the base member. 14. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of arranging a detent system to secure the level assembly into at least one position relative to the base member. 15. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of arranging a detent system to secure the level assembly into a plurality of positions relative to the base member. 16. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising further comprising the step of arranging a detent system to secure the level assembly into a first extended position, a second extended position, and a retracted position relative to the base member. 17. A level indicator system for an aiming system comprising:
a base assembly comprising
a base member defining a base axis, a plate notch, and a first pivot opening,
a plate defining at least one screw opening and a second pivot opening,
a support member, and
at least one screw; and
a level assembly comprising
a level housing defining a level pivot opening, and
a level indicator defining a level axis, where the level housing supports the level indicator; wherein
the plate is supported by the plate notch in the base member; the support member extends at least partly through the first pivot opening, at least partly through the second pivot opening, and at least partly through the level pivot opening such that
the level assembly pivots relative to the base member, and
the support member supports the level assembly such that a location of the level axis relative to the base axis is altered when a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjusted;
the at least one screw is supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the at least one screw opening; and the at least one screw engages at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 18. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, in which:
at least first and second screw openings are formed in the plate; a first screw is supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the first screw opening; a second screw is supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the second screw opening; and the first and second screws engage at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 19. A level indicator system as recited in claim 18, in which the first screw opening is substantially orthogonal to the second screw opening. 20. A level indicator system as recited in claim 17, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into at least one position relative to the base member. | A level indicator system for an aiming system comprising a base assembly, a level assembly. The base assembly comprises a base member defining a base axis, a plate, and a support member. The level assembly comprises a level indicator defining a level axis. The base member and the plate support the support member such that a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjustable. The support member supports the level assembly such that a location of the level axis relative to the base axis is altered when a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjusted.1. A level indicator system for an aiming system comprising:
a base assembly comprising
a base member defining a base axis,
a plate, and
a support member; and
a level assembly comprising a level indicator defining a level axis; wherein the base member and the plate support the support member such that a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjustable; and the support member supports the level assembly such that a location of the level axis relative to the base axis is altered when a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjusted. 2. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
at least one screw opening formed in the plate; and at least one screw supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the at least one screw opening; whereby the at least one screw engages at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 3. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
first and second screw openings formed in the plate; a first screw supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the first screw opening; and a second screw supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the second screw opening; whereby the first and second screws engage at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 4. A level indicator system as recited in claim 4, in which the first screw opening is substantially orthogonal to the second screw opening. 5. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, in which:
the base member defines a first pivot opening; the plate defines a second pivot opening; the level assembly defines a level pivot opening; and the support member extends at least partly through the first pivot opening, at least partly through the second pivot opening, and at least partly through the level pivot opening to support the level assembly for pivoting movement relative to the base member. 6. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into at least one position relative to the base member. 7. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into a plurality of positions relative to the base member. 8. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into a first extended position, a second extended position, and a retracted position relative to the base member. 9. A method of leveling an aiming system comprising the steps of:
providing a base member defining a base axis; providing a plate; providing a support member; providing a level assembly comprising a level indicator defining a level axis; supporting the level assembly on the support member; arranging the base member and the plate to support the support member such that a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjustable; and adjusting the location of the plate relative to the base member to alter a location of the level axis relative to the base axis. 10. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
forming at least one screw opening in the plate; and supporting at least one screw with the base member such that the at least one screw extends at least partly into the at least one screw opening and engages at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 11. A method as recited in claim 10, further comprising the steps of:
forming first and second screw openings in the plate; supporting first and second screws on the base member such that the first and second screws extend at least partly into the first and second screw openings, respectively, and engage at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 12. A method as recited in claim 11, in which the first screw opening is substantially orthogonal to the second screw opening. 13. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
forming a first pivot opening in the base member; forming a second pivot opening in the plate; forming a level pivot opening in a level housing of the level assembly; and arranging the support member to extend at least partly through the first pivot opening, at least partly through the second pivot opening, and at least partly through the level pivot opening to support the level assembly for pivoting movement relative to the base member. 14. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of arranging a detent system to secure the level assembly into at least one position relative to the base member. 15. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of arranging a detent system to secure the level assembly into a plurality of positions relative to the base member. 16. A method as recited in claim 9, further comprising further comprising the step of arranging a detent system to secure the level assembly into a first extended position, a second extended position, and a retracted position relative to the base member. 17. A level indicator system for an aiming system comprising:
a base assembly comprising
a base member defining a base axis, a plate notch, and a first pivot opening,
a plate defining at least one screw opening and a second pivot opening,
a support member, and
at least one screw; and
a level assembly comprising
a level housing defining a level pivot opening, and
a level indicator defining a level axis, where the level housing supports the level indicator; wherein
the plate is supported by the plate notch in the base member; the support member extends at least partly through the first pivot opening, at least partly through the second pivot opening, and at least partly through the level pivot opening such that
the level assembly pivots relative to the base member, and
the support member supports the level assembly such that a location of the level axis relative to the base axis is altered when a location of the plate relative to the base member is adjusted;
the at least one screw is supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the at least one screw opening; and the at least one screw engages at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 18. A level indicator system as recited in claim 1, in which:
at least first and second screw openings are formed in the plate; a first screw is supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the first screw opening; a second screw is supported by the base member to extend at least partly into the second screw opening; and the first and second screws engage at least a portion of the plate to fix the location of the plate relative to the base member. 19. A level indicator system as recited in claim 18, in which the first screw opening is substantially orthogonal to the second screw opening. 20. A level indicator system as recited in claim 17, further comprising a detent system for securing the level assembly into at least one position relative to the base member. | 3,600 |
344,173 | 16,803,645 | 3,641 | A dental floss holder and flosser is provided. The flosser provides a reusable dental device for cleaning between the user's teeth. The flosser comprises a casing, a pair of tines, and a floss advancement reel. A bundle of floss resides within the casing. A length of dental floss from the bundle of floss is fed through the casing and into the floss advancement reel. The length of dental floss is wrapped around the floss advancement reel. The length of dental floss is then strung taut along the pair of tines, forming a fresh segment of dental floss. The remaining length is routed and wrapped back to the floss advancement reel. A user can then rotate the floss advancement reel such that the segment of dental floss is replaced and ready for the next use. | 1. A flosser comprising:
a casing; a pair of tines; a floss advancement reel; the casing comprising a floss chamber and a reel aperture; each of the pair of tines comprising a tine body and a floss channel; the pair of tines being terminally connected to the casing, wherein the pair of tines extends from the casing to receive and support a length of dental floss extending between the pair of tines; the floss channel traversing along the tine body; the reel aperture traversing through the casing; the floss advancement reel being rotatably connected within the reel aperture; and the floss chamber being positioned within the casing. 2. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
The floss advancement reel comprising an anti-reversal mechanism; and
the anti-reversal mechanism being operatively engaged to the floss advancement reel, wherein the anti-reversal mechanism prevents the floss advancement reel from rotating in a specified angular direction. 3. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a cap; and
the cap being removably attached adjacent to the floss chamber. 4. The flosser as claimed in claim 3 comprising:
the cap further comprising a toothpick compartment; and
the toothpick compartment traversing into the cap. 5. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a cutter; and
the cutter being connected adjacent to the casing. 6. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the floss advancement reel comprising a spindle body, knob, a first groove and a second groove;
the spindle body being concentrically aligned with the reel aperture;
the knob being connected to the spindle body opposite to the casing; and
the first groove and the second groove being positioned between the casing and the knob. 7. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the reel aperture further comprising a reel anchor mounting end;
a reel bushing;
the reel anchor mounting end being positioned opposite to the knob along the reel aperture;
the reel bushing being connected to the reel aperture adjacent to the reel anchor mounting end; and
the floss advancement reel being rotatably connected to the reel bushing. 8. The flosser as claimed in claim 7 comprising:
the anti-reversal mechanism comprising a gear and a latch;
the gear being connected to the spindle body opposite to the knob;
the latch being connected adjacent to the reel bushing; and
the latch being operatively engaged with the gear. 9. The flosser as claimed in claim 4 comprising:
a toothpick insert; and
the toothpick insert being removably positioned within the toothpick compartment. 10. The flosser as claimed in claim 9 comprising:
the toothpick insert comprising a pull tab end and a pick end;
the pick end being removably positioned within the toothpick compartment; and
the pull tab portion being positioned adjacent to the pick end. | A dental floss holder and flosser is provided. The flosser provides a reusable dental device for cleaning between the user's teeth. The flosser comprises a casing, a pair of tines, and a floss advancement reel. A bundle of floss resides within the casing. A length of dental floss from the bundle of floss is fed through the casing and into the floss advancement reel. The length of dental floss is wrapped around the floss advancement reel. The length of dental floss is then strung taut along the pair of tines, forming a fresh segment of dental floss. The remaining length is routed and wrapped back to the floss advancement reel. A user can then rotate the floss advancement reel such that the segment of dental floss is replaced and ready for the next use.1. A flosser comprising:
a casing; a pair of tines; a floss advancement reel; the casing comprising a floss chamber and a reel aperture; each of the pair of tines comprising a tine body and a floss channel; the pair of tines being terminally connected to the casing, wherein the pair of tines extends from the casing to receive and support a length of dental floss extending between the pair of tines; the floss channel traversing along the tine body; the reel aperture traversing through the casing; the floss advancement reel being rotatably connected within the reel aperture; and the floss chamber being positioned within the casing. 2. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
The floss advancement reel comprising an anti-reversal mechanism; and
the anti-reversal mechanism being operatively engaged to the floss advancement reel, wherein the anti-reversal mechanism prevents the floss advancement reel from rotating in a specified angular direction. 3. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a cap; and
the cap being removably attached adjacent to the floss chamber. 4. The flosser as claimed in claim 3 comprising:
the cap further comprising a toothpick compartment; and
the toothpick compartment traversing into the cap. 5. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a cutter; and
the cutter being connected adjacent to the casing. 6. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the floss advancement reel comprising a spindle body, knob, a first groove and a second groove;
the spindle body being concentrically aligned with the reel aperture;
the knob being connected to the spindle body opposite to the casing; and
the first groove and the second groove being positioned between the casing and the knob. 7. The flosser as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the reel aperture further comprising a reel anchor mounting end;
a reel bushing;
the reel anchor mounting end being positioned opposite to the knob along the reel aperture;
the reel bushing being connected to the reel aperture adjacent to the reel anchor mounting end; and
the floss advancement reel being rotatably connected to the reel bushing. 8. The flosser as claimed in claim 7 comprising:
the anti-reversal mechanism comprising a gear and a latch;
the gear being connected to the spindle body opposite to the knob;
the latch being connected adjacent to the reel bushing; and
the latch being operatively engaged with the gear. 9. The flosser as claimed in claim 4 comprising:
a toothpick insert; and
the toothpick insert being removably positioned within the toothpick compartment. 10. The flosser as claimed in claim 9 comprising:
the toothpick insert comprising a pull tab end and a pick end;
the pick end being removably positioned within the toothpick compartment; and
the pull tab portion being positioned adjacent to the pick end. | 3,600 |
344,174 | 16,803,617 | 3,641 | A device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells includes a first and a second gel adaptor holder. The first gel adaptor holder includes a frame member and a first gel holding portion which is disposed protrudingly from a part of an inner surface of the frame member for fixing one end of a gel. The second gel adaptor holder includes a second gel holding portion that fixes another end of the gel, and connecting members connected with the second gel holding portion. A kit including the device, a substrate and a gel forming cover. The substrate includes a pair of gel shaping convex parts fitted along the inner surface of the frame member. The gel forming cover includes a surface parallel to a gel contacting surface of the substrate, in order to form an upper surface of the gel. | 1. A device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder that includes: a frame member; and a first gel holding portion that, for fixing one end of a gel, is disposed protrudingly from a part of a side inner surface of the frame member, the frame member including: a cutaway in an upper portion of the frame member at a position opposed to the first gel holding portion; and a pair of first grasping portions that are formed by the cutaway, an upper portion of the frame member having a pair of claw portions; and a second gel adaptor holder that includes: a second gel holding portion for fixing another end of the gel; and a connecting portion that is connected to the second gel holding portion through a coupling portion, wherein the second gel adaptor holder is attached to the first gel adaptor holder by causing the first grasping portions to grasp the connecting portion so that, inside the frame member, the second gel holding portion is opposed to the first gel holding portion, and wherein a gap between the pair of first grasping portions is increased when the pair of claw portions are fitted to a cover of a culture medium tank. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a gel disposed between the first gel holding portion and the second gel holding portion. 3. The device according to claim 2, further comprising a cell structure containing muscle cells bonded to the gel. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the cell structure is a cell sheet. 5. A system for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells comprising:
the device according to claim 4; a body of the culture medium tank in which the device is to be immersed; a culture medium tank cover that includes fitting portions which are to be fitted to the pair of claw portions, and a connecting portion through port through which the connecting portion of the second gel adaptor holder is to be passed, and that covers the culture medium tank body; a tension detecting unit connected to the connecting portion of the second gel adaptor holder; a calculator connected to the tension detecting unit, and applies a calculation to a signal detected by the tension detecting unit to calculate a tension; and an outputting unit displays a result of the calculation performed by the calculator. 6. A kit for producing the device according to claim 1 comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder that includes: a frame member; and a first gel holding portion that, for fixing one end of a gel, is disposed protrudingly from a part of a side inner surface of the frame member, the frame member including: a cutaway in an upper portion of the frame member at a position opposed to the first gel holding portion; and a pair of first grasping portions that are formed by the cutaway, the upper portion of the frame member having a pair of claw portions;
a second gel adaptor holder that includes: a second gel holding portion for fixing another end of the gel; and a connecting portion that is connected to the second gel holding portion through a coupling portion;
a substrate that includes a pair of gel shaping convex parts which are fitted along the side inner surface of the frame member; and
a gel forming cover that includes a surface which is parallel to a gel contacting surface of the substrate, in order to form an upper surface of the gel,
wherein the second gel adaptor holder is attached to the first gel adaptor holder by causing the first grasping portions to grasp the connecting portion so that, inside the frame member, the second gel holding portion is opposed to the first gel holding portion, and
wherein a gap between the pair of first grasping portions is increased when the pair of claw portions are fitted to the culture medium tank cover. 7. A tension measuring device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder including a first gel holding portion for fixing one end of a gel; a second gel adaptor holder including a second gel holding portion that fixes another end of the gel, and that is disposed to be opposed to the first gel holding portion; and a fixing portion to which connecting members for connecting the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor bolder to each other are able to be fixed. 8. The tension measuring device according to claim 7,
wherein the first gel adaptor holder includes a first fitting portion, and wherein the device further includes a culture medium tank in which the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder are accommodated, and which includes a second fitting portion that is configured to be able to be fitted to the first fitting portion. 9. The tension measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the fixing portion is disposed in the first gel adaptor holder, and able to be engaged with the connecting members. 10. The tension measuring device according to claim 7 further comprising a rod that connects a tension detecting unit and the second gel adaptor holder to each other,
wherein the second gel adaptor holder further includes a first elongated portion that is disposed above the second gel holding portion,
wherein the rod includes a recess portion into which the first elongated portion is to be inserted, and
wherein the second gel adaptor holder and the rod are connected to each other by, in a state where the first elongated portion is inserted into the recess portion, inserting a fixing member into the first elongated portion and the recess portion. 11. A kit for a tension measuring device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells, comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder including a first gel holding portion for fixing one end of a gel; a second gel adaptor holder including a second gel holding portion that fixes another end of the gel, and that is disposed to be opposed to the first gel holding portion; connecting members for connecting the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder to each other; a substrate into which the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder that are connected to each other by the connecting members are to be fitted; and a fixing portion to which the connecting members are able to be fixed. 12. The kit according to claim 11,
wherein the first gel adaptor holder includes a first fitting portion, and wherein the kit further includes a culture medium tank in which the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder are accommodated, and which includes a second fitting portion that is configured to be able to be fitted to the first fitting portion. 13. The kit according to claim 11, further comprising:
a rod that connects a tension detecting unit and the second gel adaptor holder to each other; and a rod holding jig that is able to be fixed to a top portion of the culture medium tank, and that includes a rod grasping portion which is able to grasp the rod. | A device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells includes a first and a second gel adaptor holder. The first gel adaptor holder includes a frame member and a first gel holding portion which is disposed protrudingly from a part of an inner surface of the frame member for fixing one end of a gel. The second gel adaptor holder includes a second gel holding portion that fixes another end of the gel, and connecting members connected with the second gel holding portion. A kit including the device, a substrate and a gel forming cover. The substrate includes a pair of gel shaping convex parts fitted along the inner surface of the frame member. The gel forming cover includes a surface parallel to a gel contacting surface of the substrate, in order to form an upper surface of the gel.1. A device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder that includes: a frame member; and a first gel holding portion that, for fixing one end of a gel, is disposed protrudingly from a part of a side inner surface of the frame member, the frame member including: a cutaway in an upper portion of the frame member at a position opposed to the first gel holding portion; and a pair of first grasping portions that are formed by the cutaway, an upper portion of the frame member having a pair of claw portions; and a second gel adaptor holder that includes: a second gel holding portion for fixing another end of the gel; and a connecting portion that is connected to the second gel holding portion through a coupling portion, wherein the second gel adaptor holder is attached to the first gel adaptor holder by causing the first grasping portions to grasp the connecting portion so that, inside the frame member, the second gel holding portion is opposed to the first gel holding portion, and wherein a gap between the pair of first grasping portions is increased when the pair of claw portions are fitted to a cover of a culture medium tank. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a gel disposed between the first gel holding portion and the second gel holding portion. 3. The device according to claim 2, further comprising a cell structure containing muscle cells bonded to the gel. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the cell structure is a cell sheet. 5. A system for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells comprising:
the device according to claim 4; a body of the culture medium tank in which the device is to be immersed; a culture medium tank cover that includes fitting portions which are to be fitted to the pair of claw portions, and a connecting portion through port through which the connecting portion of the second gel adaptor holder is to be passed, and that covers the culture medium tank body; a tension detecting unit connected to the connecting portion of the second gel adaptor holder; a calculator connected to the tension detecting unit, and applies a calculation to a signal detected by the tension detecting unit to calculate a tension; and an outputting unit displays a result of the calculation performed by the calculator. 6. A kit for producing the device according to claim 1 comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder that includes: a frame member; and a first gel holding portion that, for fixing one end of a gel, is disposed protrudingly from a part of a side inner surface of the frame member, the frame member including: a cutaway in an upper portion of the frame member at a position opposed to the first gel holding portion; and a pair of first grasping portions that are formed by the cutaway, the upper portion of the frame member having a pair of claw portions;
a second gel adaptor holder that includes: a second gel holding portion for fixing another end of the gel; and a connecting portion that is connected to the second gel holding portion through a coupling portion;
a substrate that includes a pair of gel shaping convex parts which are fitted along the side inner surface of the frame member; and
a gel forming cover that includes a surface which is parallel to a gel contacting surface of the substrate, in order to form an upper surface of the gel,
wherein the second gel adaptor holder is attached to the first gel adaptor holder by causing the first grasping portions to grasp the connecting portion so that, inside the frame member, the second gel holding portion is opposed to the first gel holding portion, and
wherein a gap between the pair of first grasping portions is increased when the pair of claw portions are fitted to the culture medium tank cover. 7. A tension measuring device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder including a first gel holding portion for fixing one end of a gel; a second gel adaptor holder including a second gel holding portion that fixes another end of the gel, and that is disposed to be opposed to the first gel holding portion; and a fixing portion to which connecting members for connecting the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor bolder to each other are able to be fixed. 8. The tension measuring device according to claim 7,
wherein the first gel adaptor holder includes a first fitting portion, and wherein the device further includes a culture medium tank in which the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder are accommodated, and which includes a second fitting portion that is configured to be able to be fitted to the first fitting portion. 9. The tension measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the fixing portion is disposed in the first gel adaptor holder, and able to be engaged with the connecting members. 10. The tension measuring device according to claim 7 further comprising a rod that connects a tension detecting unit and the second gel adaptor holder to each other,
wherein the second gel adaptor holder further includes a first elongated portion that is disposed above the second gel holding portion,
wherein the rod includes a recess portion into which the first elongated portion is to be inserted, and
wherein the second gel adaptor holder and the rod are connected to each other by, in a state where the first elongated portion is inserted into the recess portion, inserting a fixing member into the first elongated portion and the recess portion. 11. A kit for a tension measuring device for measuring a tension of a cell structure containing muscle cells, comprising:
a first gel adaptor holder including a first gel holding portion for fixing one end of a gel; a second gel adaptor holder including a second gel holding portion that fixes another end of the gel, and that is disposed to be opposed to the first gel holding portion; connecting members for connecting the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder to each other; a substrate into which the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder that are connected to each other by the connecting members are to be fitted; and a fixing portion to which the connecting members are able to be fixed. 12. The kit according to claim 11,
wherein the first gel adaptor holder includes a first fitting portion, and wherein the kit further includes a culture medium tank in which the first gel adaptor holder and the second gel adaptor holder are accommodated, and which includes a second fitting portion that is configured to be able to be fitted to the first fitting portion. 13. The kit according to claim 11, further comprising:
a rod that connects a tension detecting unit and the second gel adaptor holder to each other; and a rod holding jig that is able to be fixed to a top portion of the culture medium tank, and that includes a rod grasping portion which is able to grasp the rod. | 3,600 |
344,175 | 16,803,622 | 3,641 | A ring filter element for a filter device may include a connecting region and an axially projecting pin. The pin may include an arm via which the pin is connected to the connecting region. The arm may include a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region. | 1. A ring filter element for a filter device, comprising:
a connecting region; an axially projecting pin including an arm via which the is connected to the connecting region; and wherein the arm includes a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region. 2. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein the arm has a cruciform cross section. 3. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein the arm includes four webs, and wherein the four webs at least one of:
merge into the connecting region in a rounded-off manner; and are reinforced. 4. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein a free end of the pin includes a closure element. 5. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein the closure element includes an annular groove configured to receive an O-ring seal. 6. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein a one-piece sealing lip is moulded onto the closure element. 7. The ring filter element according to claim 1, further comprising a dirt bowl, wherein:
the pin is integrally provided with the dirt bowl; and the predetermined breaking point is structured as a cross-sectional tapering. 8. A filter device, comprising a filter housing and a ring filter element arranged in the filter housing, the ring filter element including:
a connecting region; an axially projecting pin including an arm, the arm connecting the pin to the connecting region and including a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region; wherein the filter housing includes a passage structured complementarily to the pin; and wherein operation of the filter device is exclusively possible when the pin engages in and closes the passage. 9. The filter device according to claim 8, wherein the filter device is structured as one of an oil filter and a fuel filter. 10. The filter device according to claim 8, wherein the passage is a drainage passage. 11. The ring filter element according to claim 1, further comprising a lower end disc, wherein:
the pin is integrally provided with the lower end disc; and the predetermined breaking point is structured as a cross-sectional tapering. 12. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein:
the arm includes a portion defined by four webs; and the four webs are connected to one another such that the arm has a cruciform cross section. 13. The ring filter element according to claim 12, wherein the four webs are tapered in a region of the predetermined breaking point. 14. The ring filter element according to claim 12, wherein the four webs respectively merge into the connecting region such that a rounded transition is defined therebetween. 15. The ring filter element according to claim 12, wherein a connection between the four webs and the connecting region is reinforced. 16. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein the closure element is structured as a head. 17. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein a one-piece sealing lip is injection-moulded onto the closure element. 18. A ring filter element for a filter device, comprising:
a connecting region; an axially projecting pin including an arm, the arm connecting the pin to the connecting region; the arm including a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region; and wherein at least a portion of the arm is defined by a plurality of webs. 19. The ring filter element according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of webs are tapered in a region of the predetermined breaking point. 20. The ring filter element according to claim 19, wherein the arm is integrally disposed on and merges into the connecting region such that a rounded transition between the arm and the connecting region is defined. | A ring filter element for a filter device may include a connecting region and an axially projecting pin. The pin may include an arm via which the pin is connected to the connecting region. The arm may include a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region.1. A ring filter element for a filter device, comprising:
a connecting region; an axially projecting pin including an arm via which the is connected to the connecting region; and wherein the arm includes a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region. 2. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein the arm has a cruciform cross section. 3. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein the arm includes four webs, and wherein the four webs at least one of:
merge into the connecting region in a rounded-off manner; and are reinforced. 4. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein a free end of the pin includes a closure element. 5. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein the closure element includes an annular groove configured to receive an O-ring seal. 6. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein a one-piece sealing lip is moulded onto the closure element. 7. The ring filter element according to claim 1, further comprising a dirt bowl, wherein:
the pin is integrally provided with the dirt bowl; and the predetermined breaking point is structured as a cross-sectional tapering. 8. A filter device, comprising a filter housing and a ring filter element arranged in the filter housing, the ring filter element including:
a connecting region; an axially projecting pin including an arm, the arm connecting the pin to the connecting region and including a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region; wherein the filter housing includes a passage structured complementarily to the pin; and wherein operation of the filter device is exclusively possible when the pin engages in and closes the passage. 9. The filter device according to claim 8, wherein the filter device is structured as one of an oil filter and a fuel filter. 10. The filter device according to claim 8, wherein the passage is a drainage passage. 11. The ring filter element according to claim 1, further comprising a lower end disc, wherein:
the pin is integrally provided with the lower end disc; and the predetermined breaking point is structured as a cross-sectional tapering. 12. The ring filter element according to claim 1, wherein:
the arm includes a portion defined by four webs; and the four webs are connected to one another such that the arm has a cruciform cross section. 13. The ring filter element according to claim 12, wherein the four webs are tapered in a region of the predetermined breaking point. 14. The ring filter element according to claim 12, wherein the four webs respectively merge into the connecting region such that a rounded transition is defined therebetween. 15. The ring filter element according to claim 12, wherein a connection between the four webs and the connecting region is reinforced. 16. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein the closure element is structured as a head. 17. The ring filter element according to claim 4, wherein a one-piece sealing lip is injection-moulded onto the closure element. 18. A ring filter element for a filter device, comprising:
a connecting region; an axially projecting pin including an arm, the arm connecting the pin to the connecting region; the arm including a predetermined breaking point disposed spaced apart from the connecting region; and wherein at least a portion of the arm is defined by a plurality of webs. 19. The ring filter element according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of webs are tapered in a region of the predetermined breaking point. 20. The ring filter element according to claim 19, wherein the arm is integrally disposed on and merges into the connecting region such that a rounded transition between the arm and the connecting region is defined. | 3,600 |
344,176 | 16,803,614 | 3,641 | An apparatus and method are described for using tessellation hardware to generate bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) and perform other ray tracing operations. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: a shader to output a plurality of tessellation factors and one or more input surfaces; and a tessellation circuit comprising first circuitry and/or logic to tesselate each input surface to generate a new set of primitives and second circuitry and/or logic to concurrently generate a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) 1521 based on the new set of primitives. | 1. (canceled) 2. A graphics processor comprising:
a hull shader; a tessellation unit to receive surfaces and tessellation factors from the hull shader; and a bounding volume generator unit to dynamically generate, based on the tessellation factors, two or more child nodes of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) each containing at least a portion of a surface, wherein the two or more child nodes are generated concurrently with operation of the tessellation unit. 3. The graphics processor as in claim 2, wherein the tessellation factors specify how finely the surfaces are to be tessellated. 4. The graphics processor as in claim 2, wherein the operation of the tessellation unit comprises tessellating the surfaces based on the tessellation factors to generate a new set of primitives. 5. The graphics processor as in claim 4, wherein the BVH comprises a plurality of nodes representing volumes which enclose the new set of primitives. 6. The graphics processor as in claim 5, wherein a parent volume associated with a parent node encloses one or more primitives and a child node under the parent node in the BVH encloses a subset of the one or more primitives. 7. The graphics processor as in claim 4, further comprising:
a domain shader to perform shading operations on the new set of primitives. 8. The graphics processor as in claim 2, further comprising:
a ray traversal/intersection circuitry to perform intersection tests for one or more of the surfaces using the BVH to determine whether there are intersections between a ray and the one or more surfaces. 9. A method comprising:
receiving surfaces and tessellation factors from a hull shader; tessellating the surfaces based on the tessellation factors; and dynamically generating two or more child nodes of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) based on the tessellation factors, the two or more child nodes each containing at least a portion of a surface and are generated concurrently with the tessellation. 10. The method as in claim 9, wherein the tessellation factors specify how finely the surfaces are to be tessellated. 11. The method as in claim 9, further comprising:
generating a new set of primitives from the tessellation. 12. The method as in claim 11, wherein the BVH comprises a plurality of nodes representing volumes which enclose the new set of primitives. 13. The method as in claim 12, wherein a parent volume associated with a parent node encloses one or more primitives and a child node under the parent node in the BVH encloses a subset of the one or more primitives. 14. The method as in claim 12, further comprising:
performing shading operations on the new set of primitives. 15. The method as in claim 9, further comprising:
performing intersection tests for one or more of the surfaces using the BVH to determine whether there are intersections between a ray and the one or more surfaces. 16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having program code stored thereon which, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations of:
receiving surfaces and tessellation factors from a hull shader; tessellating the surfaces based on the tessellation factors; and dynamically generating two or more child nodes of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) based on the tessellation factors, the two or more child nodes each containing at least a portion of a surface and are generated concurrently with the tessellation. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 16, wherein the tessellation factors specify how finely the surfaces are to be tessellated. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 16, wherein the operations further comprises:
generating a new set of primitives from the tessellation. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 18, wherein the BVH comprises a plurality of nodes representing volumes which enclose the new set of primitives. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 19, wherein a parent volume associated with a parent node encloses one or more primitives and a child node under the parent node in the BVH encloses a subset of the one or more primitives. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
performing shading operations on the new set of primitives. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
performing intersection tests for one or more of the surfaces using the BVH to determine whether there are intersections between a ray and the one or more surfaces. | An apparatus and method are described for using tessellation hardware to generate bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) and perform other ray tracing operations. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: a shader to output a plurality of tessellation factors and one or more input surfaces; and a tessellation circuit comprising first circuitry and/or logic to tesselate each input surface to generate a new set of primitives and second circuitry and/or logic to concurrently generate a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) 1521 based on the new set of primitives.1. (canceled) 2. A graphics processor comprising:
a hull shader; a tessellation unit to receive surfaces and tessellation factors from the hull shader; and a bounding volume generator unit to dynamically generate, based on the tessellation factors, two or more child nodes of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) each containing at least a portion of a surface, wherein the two or more child nodes are generated concurrently with operation of the tessellation unit. 3. The graphics processor as in claim 2, wherein the tessellation factors specify how finely the surfaces are to be tessellated. 4. The graphics processor as in claim 2, wherein the operation of the tessellation unit comprises tessellating the surfaces based on the tessellation factors to generate a new set of primitives. 5. The graphics processor as in claim 4, wherein the BVH comprises a plurality of nodes representing volumes which enclose the new set of primitives. 6. The graphics processor as in claim 5, wherein a parent volume associated with a parent node encloses one or more primitives and a child node under the parent node in the BVH encloses a subset of the one or more primitives. 7. The graphics processor as in claim 4, further comprising:
a domain shader to perform shading operations on the new set of primitives. 8. The graphics processor as in claim 2, further comprising:
a ray traversal/intersection circuitry to perform intersection tests for one or more of the surfaces using the BVH to determine whether there are intersections between a ray and the one or more surfaces. 9. A method comprising:
receiving surfaces and tessellation factors from a hull shader; tessellating the surfaces based on the tessellation factors; and dynamically generating two or more child nodes of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) based on the tessellation factors, the two or more child nodes each containing at least a portion of a surface and are generated concurrently with the tessellation. 10. The method as in claim 9, wherein the tessellation factors specify how finely the surfaces are to be tessellated. 11. The method as in claim 9, further comprising:
generating a new set of primitives from the tessellation. 12. The method as in claim 11, wherein the BVH comprises a plurality of nodes representing volumes which enclose the new set of primitives. 13. The method as in claim 12, wherein a parent volume associated with a parent node encloses one or more primitives and a child node under the parent node in the BVH encloses a subset of the one or more primitives. 14. The method as in claim 12, further comprising:
performing shading operations on the new set of primitives. 15. The method as in claim 9, further comprising:
performing intersection tests for one or more of the surfaces using the BVH to determine whether there are intersections between a ray and the one or more surfaces. 16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having program code stored thereon which, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations of:
receiving surfaces and tessellation factors from a hull shader; tessellating the surfaces based on the tessellation factors; and dynamically generating two or more child nodes of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) based on the tessellation factors, the two or more child nodes each containing at least a portion of a surface and are generated concurrently with the tessellation. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 16, wherein the tessellation factors specify how finely the surfaces are to be tessellated. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 16, wherein the operations further comprises:
generating a new set of primitives from the tessellation. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 18, wherein the BVH comprises a plurality of nodes representing volumes which enclose the new set of primitives. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 19, wherein a parent volume associated with a parent node encloses one or more primitives and a child node under the parent node in the BVH encloses a subset of the one or more primitives. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
performing shading operations on the new set of primitives. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium as in claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
performing intersection tests for one or more of the surfaces using the BVH to determine whether there are intersections between a ray and the one or more surfaces. | 3,600 |
344,177 | 16,803,654 | 3,694 | Systems and computer-implemented methods for a bet exchange. The bet exchange receives bet orders from users and matches bet-for orders with bet-against orders to generate instances of standardized bet contracts. The bet-for orders are bets on a bet event occurring, and bet-against orders are bets on a bet event not occurring. The bet events are listed in contests based on a real-life event. The bet events have a standardized payout amount, which transfers to the user that made the bet-for order when the bet event occurs, or to the user that made the bet-against order when the bet event does not occur. | 1. A bet exchange system comprising:
a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, the client devices having a display; a system database configured to store bet records and executable programs configured to receive and send communications over the data network, and to perform program functions of the bet exchange system; a plurality of bet orders received electronically over the data network from the client devices, where the bet orders include digital data corresponding to buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions that perform the program functions of the bet exchange system, the program functions including:
a bet exchange core module configured to match buy orders with sell orders, the buy orders including buy-to-open (BTO) orders and the sell orders including sell-to-open (STO) orders, and to generate instances of two-party standardized bet contracts each having a bet-for position and a bet-against position on the bet event, each standardized bet contract comprising a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, where the bet exchange core module compares the limit amount of the bet orders to determine a trade amount for a match that does not exceed the limit amounts of the bet orders, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated;
a user interface module configured to communicate the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and
a fulfillment module configured to manage a transfer of an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 2. The bet exchange system of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencing module configured to receive unfilled bet orders and to store the unfilled bet-for orders in a buy-side of an order book in a buy sequence starting from a highest valued unfilled bet-for order to a lowest valued unfilled bet-for order, the sequencing module further configured to store unfilled bet-against orders in a sell-side of the order book in a sell sequence starting from a lowest valued unfilled bet-against order to a highest valued bet-against order. 3. The bet exchange system of claim 2 where the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders;
setting the trade amount of a match between each BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order received earlier in time. 4. The bet exchange system of claim 3 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders, one of either the BTO order or the STO order is a received bet order and the other one of the BTO order or the STO order is retrieved from the order book, the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
setting the trade amount of the match between the BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order retrieved from the order book. 5. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders:
determining, during the comparing of the received bet order and the bet order in the order book whether a match based on the limit amount of the bet order from the order book is immediately executable; and
moving the received bet order to the order book if the match is not immediately executable. 6. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where:
a plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, and the bet exchange core module, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, compares bet orders in combinations consisting of: BTO orders with STC orders, BTC orders with STO orders, and BTC orders with STC orders, the bet exchange system further comprising:
a position modifier module configured to:
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
match bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contract and generate a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 7. The bet exchange system of claim 6 where each bet order includes a shares quantity indicative of, for bet-for orders, a number of bet-for shares in the bet-for position for which the bet-for order is place or, for bet-against orders, a number of bet-against shares requested in the bet-against position for which the bet-against order is placed. 8. The bet exchange system of claim 7 further comprising a current positions list corresponding to each contestant where, when generating the instance of the standardized bet contract, the bet position generated in the standardized bet contract is transferred to the current positions list of the contestant that sent the bet order, where each bet position comprises a quantity of shares, an average amount paid for each share, and an order type identifier. 9. The bet exchange system of claim 8 where, each bet order received is sent by an order maker as either a bet-for order or a bet-against order, and the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-for order, whether the current position list for the order maker of the received bet-for order includes existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTO order when the current position list of the bet-for order maker does not include any existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
determines whether the existing positions of the bet-for order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a BTO order when the existing positions of the contestant in the standardized bet contract are bet-for positions;
determines when the existing positions of the bet-for order maker are bet-against positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the quantity of existing bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-against positions and moving the received bet-for order to the order book as a BTO order with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-for order when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the share quantity of existing bet-against positions; and
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order for a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-for order and leaving the existing bet-against positions as bet-against positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of existing bet-against positions when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is less than or equal to the share quantity of existing bet-against positions. 10. The bet exchange system of claim 9 in receiving each bet order, the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-against order, whether the current position list for the bet-against order maker includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the current position list of the bet-against order maker does not include any existing positions in the bet event;
determine whether the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-against positions;
determine when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker are bet-for positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a STC order with a share -quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions and moving the received bet-against order as a STO order to the order book with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-against order when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of existing buy-for positions; and
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-against order and leaving the existing bet-for positions as bet-for positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the quantity of existing bet-for positions when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is less than the share quantity of existing bet-for positions. 11. The bet exchange system of claim 10 where in receiving the plurality of bet orders, the system further comprises:
an order sequencer configured to sequence the unfilled BTO orders and BTC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a highest limit amount to a lowest limit amount, and to sequence the unfilled STO orders and STC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a lowest limit amount to a highest limit amount. 12. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching the one of the BTO orders with STO orders, the bet exchange core module further:
sets the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STO order;
generates the instance of the standardized bet contract between the BTO order and the STO order for the bet event;
deduct the value of the trade based on the trade amount per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
deduct the value of the trade based on the standardized payout amount minus the trade amount per share for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 13. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTO orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value of the standardized bet contract per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STC order;
deducts the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
add the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 14. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STO orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STO order;
adds the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share of the bet event for the quantity of shares matched from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
deducts the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 15. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STC order;
adds the standard payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
adds the last trade value per share for the quantity of shares in the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 16. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where the bet exchange core module:
stores unfilled bet-for orders that could not be immediately executed in the order book on a buy-side separate from a sell-side; and
stores unfilled bet-against orders in the order book in the against-side. 17. A non-transitory, computer-implemented method on a bet exchange system operating on a server and having a system database, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of bet orders over a data network from a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, where the bet orders include digital data indicative of buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount and an order type of buy-to-open (“BTO”) order to open bet-for positions or a sell-to-open (“STO”) order to open bet-against positions; comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders to determine a trade amount for a match between BTO and STO orders where the trade amount is based on the limit amount of the BTO order or the STO order; generating an instance of a two-party standardized bet contract when the trade amount of a match between one of the BTO orders and one of the STO orders is less than or equal to a value based on the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STO order, where the BTO order and the STO order in the standardized bet contracts become a bet-for position and a bet-against position, respectively, for the contestants that sent the bet orders, where each standardized bet contract comprises a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, and each instance of a standardized bet contract further includes the bet-for position and the bet-against position on the bet event, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated; communicating the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and settling the instances of standardized bet contracts by transferring an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 18. The method of claim 17 where:
the step of receiving the plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes receiving buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, the method further comprising:
comparing, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, bet orders in combinations comprising BTO with STC orders, BTC with STO orders, and BTC with STC orders, the method further comprising:
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position to a new bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
matching bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contracts and generating a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 19. The method of claim 17 where the step of comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders comprises:
where one of the bet orders is a received bet order and is either a received BTO order or a received STO order, and the other one of the bet orders is an unfilled bet order that is either an unfilled BTO order or an unfilled STO order, setting the trade amount of a match between one of the received bet orders and one of the unfilled bet orders to the limit amount of the unfilled bet order. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
creating a user account in the system database for each contestant associated with the plurality of client devices, each user account comprising at least one dashboard corresponding to each contest in which the contestant is entered, the dashboard comprising the contestant's current positions list, and an available balance for the contestant in the contest. 21. The method of claim 17 comprising, before the step of receiving the plurality of bet orders:
generating the contest in the system database based on the real-life event, the contest having a contest description, a bet list, and a contest entry amount;
generating each standardized bet contract and adding each standardized bet contract to the bet list in the contest. | Systems and computer-implemented methods for a bet exchange. The bet exchange receives bet orders from users and matches bet-for orders with bet-against orders to generate instances of standardized bet contracts. The bet-for orders are bets on a bet event occurring, and bet-against orders are bets on a bet event not occurring. The bet events are listed in contests based on a real-life event. The bet events have a standardized payout amount, which transfers to the user that made the bet-for order when the bet event occurs, or to the user that made the bet-against order when the bet event does not occur.1. A bet exchange system comprising:
a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, the client devices having a display; a system database configured to store bet records and executable programs configured to receive and send communications over the data network, and to perform program functions of the bet exchange system; a plurality of bet orders received electronically over the data network from the client devices, where the bet orders include digital data corresponding to buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions that perform the program functions of the bet exchange system, the program functions including:
a bet exchange core module configured to match buy orders with sell orders, the buy orders including buy-to-open (BTO) orders and the sell orders including sell-to-open (STO) orders, and to generate instances of two-party standardized bet contracts each having a bet-for position and a bet-against position on the bet event, each standardized bet contract comprising a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, where the bet exchange core module compares the limit amount of the bet orders to determine a trade amount for a match that does not exceed the limit amounts of the bet orders, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated;
a user interface module configured to communicate the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and
a fulfillment module configured to manage a transfer of an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 2. The bet exchange system of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencing module configured to receive unfilled bet orders and to store the unfilled bet-for orders in a buy-side of an order book in a buy sequence starting from a highest valued unfilled bet-for order to a lowest valued unfilled bet-for order, the sequencing module further configured to store unfilled bet-against orders in a sell-side of the order book in a sell sequence starting from a lowest valued unfilled bet-against order to a highest valued bet-against order. 3. The bet exchange system of claim 2 where the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders;
setting the trade amount of a match between each BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order received earlier in time. 4. The bet exchange system of claim 3 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders, one of either the BTO order or the STO order is a received bet order and the other one of the BTO order or the STO order is retrieved from the order book, the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
setting the trade amount of the match between the BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order retrieved from the order book. 5. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders:
determining, during the comparing of the received bet order and the bet order in the order book whether a match based on the limit amount of the bet order from the order book is immediately executable; and
moving the received bet order to the order book if the match is not immediately executable. 6. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where:
a plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, and the bet exchange core module, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, compares bet orders in combinations consisting of: BTO orders with STC orders, BTC orders with STO orders, and BTC orders with STC orders, the bet exchange system further comprising:
a position modifier module configured to:
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
match bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contract and generate a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 7. The bet exchange system of claim 6 where each bet order includes a shares quantity indicative of, for bet-for orders, a number of bet-for shares in the bet-for position for which the bet-for order is place or, for bet-against orders, a number of bet-against shares requested in the bet-against position for which the bet-against order is placed. 8. The bet exchange system of claim 7 further comprising a current positions list corresponding to each contestant where, when generating the instance of the standardized bet contract, the bet position generated in the standardized bet contract is transferred to the current positions list of the contestant that sent the bet order, where each bet position comprises a quantity of shares, an average amount paid for each share, and an order type identifier. 9. The bet exchange system of claim 8 where, each bet order received is sent by an order maker as either a bet-for order or a bet-against order, and the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-for order, whether the current position list for the order maker of the received bet-for order includes existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTO order when the current position list of the bet-for order maker does not include any existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
determines whether the existing positions of the bet-for order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a BTO order when the existing positions of the contestant in the standardized bet contract are bet-for positions;
determines when the existing positions of the bet-for order maker are bet-against positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the quantity of existing bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-against positions and moving the received bet-for order to the order book as a BTO order with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-for order when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the share quantity of existing bet-against positions; and
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order for a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-for order and leaving the existing bet-against positions as bet-against positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of existing bet-against positions when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is less than or equal to the share quantity of existing bet-against positions. 10. The bet exchange system of claim 9 in receiving each bet order, the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-against order, whether the current position list for the bet-against order maker includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the current position list of the bet-against order maker does not include any existing positions in the bet event;
determine whether the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-against positions;
determine when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker are bet-for positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a STC order with a share -quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions and moving the received bet-against order as a STO order to the order book with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-against order when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of existing buy-for positions; and
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-against order and leaving the existing bet-for positions as bet-for positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the quantity of existing bet-for positions when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is less than the share quantity of existing bet-for positions. 11. The bet exchange system of claim 10 where in receiving the plurality of bet orders, the system further comprises:
an order sequencer configured to sequence the unfilled BTO orders and BTC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a highest limit amount to a lowest limit amount, and to sequence the unfilled STO orders and STC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a lowest limit amount to a highest limit amount. 12. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching the one of the BTO orders with STO orders, the bet exchange core module further:
sets the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STO order;
generates the instance of the standardized bet contract between the BTO order and the STO order for the bet event;
deduct the value of the trade based on the trade amount per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
deduct the value of the trade based on the standardized payout amount minus the trade amount per share for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 13. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTO orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value of the standardized bet contract per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STC order;
deducts the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
add the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 14. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STO orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STO order;
adds the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share of the bet event for the quantity of shares matched from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
deducts the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 15. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STC order;
adds the standard payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
adds the last trade value per share for the quantity of shares in the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 16. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where the bet exchange core module:
stores unfilled bet-for orders that could not be immediately executed in the order book on a buy-side separate from a sell-side; and
stores unfilled bet-against orders in the order book in the against-side. 17. A non-transitory, computer-implemented method on a bet exchange system operating on a server and having a system database, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of bet orders over a data network from a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, where the bet orders include digital data indicative of buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount and an order type of buy-to-open (“BTO”) order to open bet-for positions or a sell-to-open (“STO”) order to open bet-against positions; comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders to determine a trade amount for a match between BTO and STO orders where the trade amount is based on the limit amount of the BTO order or the STO order; generating an instance of a two-party standardized bet contract when the trade amount of a match between one of the BTO orders and one of the STO orders is less than or equal to a value based on the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STO order, where the BTO order and the STO order in the standardized bet contracts become a bet-for position and a bet-against position, respectively, for the contestants that sent the bet orders, where each standardized bet contract comprises a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, and each instance of a standardized bet contract further includes the bet-for position and the bet-against position on the bet event, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated; communicating the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and settling the instances of standardized bet contracts by transferring an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 18. The method of claim 17 where:
the step of receiving the plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes receiving buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, the method further comprising:
comparing, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, bet orders in combinations comprising BTO with STC orders, BTC with STO orders, and BTC with STC orders, the method further comprising:
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position to a new bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
matching bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contracts and generating a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 19. The method of claim 17 where the step of comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders comprises:
where one of the bet orders is a received bet order and is either a received BTO order or a received STO order, and the other one of the bet orders is an unfilled bet order that is either an unfilled BTO order or an unfilled STO order, setting the trade amount of a match between one of the received bet orders and one of the unfilled bet orders to the limit amount of the unfilled bet order. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
creating a user account in the system database for each contestant associated with the plurality of client devices, each user account comprising at least one dashboard corresponding to each contest in which the contestant is entered, the dashboard comprising the contestant's current positions list, and an available balance for the contestant in the contest. 21. The method of claim 17 comprising, before the step of receiving the plurality of bet orders:
generating the contest in the system database based on the real-life event, the contest having a contest description, a bet list, and a contest entry amount;
generating each standardized bet contract and adding each standardized bet contract to the bet list in the contest. | 3,600 |
344,178 | 16,803,662 | 2,844 | Systems and computer-implemented methods for a bet exchange. The bet exchange receives bet orders from users and matches bet-for orders with bet-against orders to generate instances of standardized bet contracts. The bet-for orders are bets on a bet event occurring, and bet-against orders are bets on a bet event not occurring. The bet events are listed in contests based on a real-life event. The bet events have a standardized payout amount, which transfers to the user that made the bet-for order when the bet event occurs, or to the user that made the bet-against order when the bet event does not occur. | 1. A bet exchange system comprising:
a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, the client devices having a display; a system database configured to store bet records and executable programs configured to receive and send communications over the data network, and to perform program functions of the bet exchange system; a plurality of bet orders received electronically over the data network from the client devices, where the bet orders include digital data corresponding to buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions that perform the program functions of the bet exchange system, the program functions including:
a bet exchange core module configured to match buy orders with sell orders, the buy orders including buy-to-open (BTO) orders and the sell orders including sell-to-open (STO) orders, and to generate instances of two-party standardized bet contracts each having a bet-for position and a bet-against position on the bet event, each standardized bet contract comprising a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, where the bet exchange core module compares the limit amount of the bet orders to determine a trade amount for a match that does not exceed the limit amounts of the bet orders, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated;
a user interface module configured to communicate the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and
a fulfillment module configured to manage a transfer of an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 2. The bet exchange system of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencing module configured to receive unfilled bet orders and to store the unfilled bet-for orders in a buy-side of an order book in a buy sequence starting from a highest valued unfilled bet-for order to a lowest valued unfilled bet-for order, the sequencing module further configured to store unfilled bet-against orders in a sell-side of the order book in a sell sequence starting from a lowest valued unfilled bet-against order to a highest valued bet-against order. 3. The bet exchange system of claim 2 where the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders;
setting the trade amount of a match between each BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order received earlier in time. 4. The bet exchange system of claim 3 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders, one of either the BTO order or the STO order is a received bet order and the other one of the BTO order or the STO order is retrieved from the order book, the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
setting the trade amount of the match between the BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order retrieved from the order book. 5. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders:
determining, during the comparing of the received bet order and the bet order in the order book whether a match based on the limit amount of the bet order from the order book is immediately executable; and
moving the received bet order to the order book if the match is not immediately executable. 6. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where:
a plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, and the bet exchange core module, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, compares bet orders in combinations consisting of: BTO orders with STC orders, BTC orders with STO orders, and BTC orders with STC orders, the bet exchange system further comprising:
a position modifier module configured to:
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
match bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contract and generate a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 7. The bet exchange system of claim 6 where each bet order includes a shares quantity indicative of, for bet-for orders, a number of bet-for shares in the bet-for position for which the bet-for order is place or, for bet-against orders, a number of bet-against shares requested in the bet-against position for which the bet-against order is placed. 8. The bet exchange system of claim 7 further comprising a current positions list corresponding to each contestant where, when generating the instance of the standardized bet contract, the bet position generated in the standardized bet contract is transferred to the current positions list of the contestant that sent the bet order, where each bet position comprises a quantity of shares, an average amount paid for each share, and an order type identifier. 9. The bet exchange system of claim 8 where, each bet order received is sent by an order maker as either a bet-for order or a bet-against order, and the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-for order, whether the current position list for the order maker of the received bet-for order includes existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTO order when the current position list of the bet-for order maker does not include any existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
determines whether the existing positions of the bet-for order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a BTO order when the existing positions of the contestant in the standardized bet contract are bet-for positions;
determines when the existing positions of the bet-for order maker are bet-against positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the quantity of existing bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-against positions and moving the received bet-for order to the order book as a BTO order with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-for order when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the share quantity of existing bet-against positions; and
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order for a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-for order and leaving the existing bet-against positions as bet-against positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of existing bet-against positions when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is less than or equal to the share quantity of existing bet-against positions. 10. The bet exchange system of claim 9 in receiving each bet order, the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-against order, whether the current position list for the bet-against order maker includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the current position list of the bet-against order maker does not include any existing positions in the bet event;
determine whether the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-against positions;
determine when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker are bet-for positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a STC order with a share -quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions and moving the received bet-against order as a STO order to the order book with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-against order when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of existing buy-for positions; and
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-against order and leaving the existing bet-for positions as bet-for positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the quantity of existing bet-for positions when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is less than the share quantity of existing bet-for positions. 11. The bet exchange system of claim 10 where in receiving the plurality of bet orders, the system further comprises:
an order sequencer configured to sequence the unfilled BTO orders and BTC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a highest limit amount to a lowest limit amount, and to sequence the unfilled STO orders and STC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a lowest limit amount to a highest limit amount. 12. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching the one of the BTO orders with STO orders, the bet exchange core module further:
sets the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STO order;
generates the instance of the standardized bet contract between the BTO order and the STO order for the bet event;
deduct the value of the trade based on the trade amount per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
deduct the value of the trade based on the standardized payout amount minus the trade amount per share for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 13. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTO orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value of the standardized bet contract per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STC order;
deducts the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
add the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 14. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STO orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STO order;
adds the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share of the bet event for the quantity of shares matched from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
deducts the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 15. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STC order;
adds the standard payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
adds the last trade value per share for the quantity of shares in the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 16. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where the bet exchange core module:
stores unfilled bet-for orders that could not be immediately executed in the order book on a buy-side separate from a sell-side; and
stores unfilled bet-against orders in the order book in the against-side. 17. A non-transitory, computer-implemented method on a bet exchange system operating on a server and having a system database, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of bet orders over a data network from a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, where the bet orders include digital data indicative of buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount and an order type of buy-to-open (“BTO”) order to open bet-for positions or a sell-to-open (“STO”) order to open bet-against positions; comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders to determine a trade amount for a match between BTO and STO orders where the trade amount is based on the limit amount of the BTO order or the STO order; generating an instance of a two-party standardized bet contract when the trade amount of a match between one of the BTO orders and one of the STO orders is less than or equal to a value based on the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STO order, where the BTO order and the STO order in the standardized bet contracts become a bet-for position and a bet-against position, respectively, for the contestants that sent the bet orders, where each standardized bet contract comprises a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, and each instance of a standardized bet contract further includes the bet-for position and the bet-against position on the bet event, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated; communicating the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and settling the instances of standardized bet contracts by transferring an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 18. The method of claim 17 where:
the step of receiving the plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes receiving buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, the method further comprising:
comparing, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, bet orders in combinations comprising BTO with STC orders, BTC with STO orders, and BTC with STC orders, the method further comprising:
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position to a new bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
matching bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contracts and generating a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 19. The method of claim 17 where the step of comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders comprises:
where one of the bet orders is a received bet order and is either a received BTO order or a received STO order, and the other one of the bet orders is an unfilled bet order that is either an unfilled BTO order or an unfilled STO order, setting the trade amount of a match between one of the received bet orders and one of the unfilled bet orders to the limit amount of the unfilled bet order. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
creating a user account in the system database for each contestant associated with the plurality of client devices, each user account comprising at least one dashboard corresponding to each contest in which the contestant is entered, the dashboard comprising the contestant's current positions list, and an available balance for the contestant in the contest. 21. The method of claim 17 comprising, before the step of receiving the plurality of bet orders:
generating the contest in the system database based on the real-life event, the contest having a contest description, a bet list, and a contest entry amount;
generating each standardized bet contract and adding each standardized bet contract to the bet list in the contest. | Systems and computer-implemented methods for a bet exchange. The bet exchange receives bet orders from users and matches bet-for orders with bet-against orders to generate instances of standardized bet contracts. The bet-for orders are bets on a bet event occurring, and bet-against orders are bets on a bet event not occurring. The bet events are listed in contests based on a real-life event. The bet events have a standardized payout amount, which transfers to the user that made the bet-for order when the bet event occurs, or to the user that made the bet-against order when the bet event does not occur.1. A bet exchange system comprising:
a data network connection to communicate over a data network with a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, the client devices having a display; a system database configured to store bet records and executable programs configured to receive and send communications over the data network, and to perform program functions of the bet exchange system; a plurality of bet orders received electronically over the data network from the client devices, where the bet orders include digital data corresponding to buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions that perform the program functions of the bet exchange system, the program functions including:
a bet exchange core module configured to match buy orders with sell orders, the buy orders including buy-to-open (BTO) orders and the sell orders including sell-to-open (STO) orders, and to generate instances of two-party standardized bet contracts each having a bet-for position and a bet-against position on the bet event, each standardized bet contract comprising a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, where the bet exchange core module compares the limit amount of the bet orders to determine a trade amount for a match that does not exceed the limit amounts of the bet orders, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated;
a user interface module configured to communicate the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and
a fulfillment module configured to manage a transfer of an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 2. The bet exchange system of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencing module configured to receive unfilled bet orders and to store the unfilled bet-for orders in a buy-side of an order book in a buy sequence starting from a highest valued unfilled bet-for order to a lowest valued unfilled bet-for order, the sequencing module further configured to store unfilled bet-against orders in a sell-side of the order book in a sell sequence starting from a lowest valued unfilled bet-against order to a highest valued bet-against order. 3. The bet exchange system of claim 2 where the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders;
setting the trade amount of a match between each BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order received earlier in time. 4. The bet exchange system of claim 3 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders, one of either the BTO order or the STO order is a received bet order and the other one of the BTO order or the STO order is retrieved from the order book, the bet exchange core module matches BTO orders and STO orders by:
setting the trade amount of the match between the BTO order and STO order to the limit value of the bet order retrieved from the order book. 5. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where in comparing the limit amounts of the bet orders:
determining, during the comparing of the received bet order and the bet order in the order book whether a match based on the limit amount of the bet order from the order book is immediately executable; and
moving the received bet order to the order book if the match is not immediately executable. 6. The bet exchange system of claim 4 where:
a plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, and the bet exchange core module, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, compares bet orders in combinations consisting of: BTO orders with STC orders, BTC orders with STO orders, and BTC orders with STC orders, the bet exchange system further comprising:
a position modifier module configured to:
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
match bet orders to transfer an existing bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
match bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contract and generate a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 7. The bet exchange system of claim 6 where each bet order includes a shares quantity indicative of, for bet-for orders, a number of bet-for shares in the bet-for position for which the bet-for order is place or, for bet-against orders, a number of bet-against shares requested in the bet-against position for which the bet-against order is placed. 8. The bet exchange system of claim 7 further comprising a current positions list corresponding to each contestant where, when generating the instance of the standardized bet contract, the bet position generated in the standardized bet contract is transferred to the current positions list of the contestant that sent the bet order, where each bet position comprises a quantity of shares, an average amount paid for each share, and an order type identifier. 9. The bet exchange system of claim 8 where, each bet order received is sent by an order maker as either a bet-for order or a bet-against order, and the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-for order, whether the current position list for the order maker of the received bet-for order includes existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTO order when the current position list of the bet-for order maker does not include any existing positions in the standardized bet contract;
determines whether the existing positions of the bet-for order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a BTO order when the existing positions of the contestant in the standardized bet contract are bet-for positions;
determines when the existing positions of the bet-for order maker are bet-against positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the quantity of existing bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-for order as a received BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-against positions and moving the received bet-for order to the order book as a BTO order with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-for order when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is greater than the share quantity of existing bet-against positions; and
processes the received bet-for order as a received STC order for a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-for order and leaving the existing bet-against positions as bet-against positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of existing bet-against positions when the share quantity of the received bet-for order is less than or equal to the share quantity of existing bet-against positions. 10. The bet exchange system of claim 9 in receiving each bet order, the bet exchange core module:
determines, when the received bet order is a received bet-against order, whether the current position list for the bet-against order maker includes existing positions in the bet event;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the current position list of the bet-against order maker does not include any existing positions in the bet event;
determine whether the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-for positions or bet-against positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a received STO order when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker in the bet event are bet-against positions;
determine when the existing positions of the bet-against order maker are bet-for positions, whether the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions;
processes the received bet-against order as a STC order with a share -quantity equal to the share quantity of the existing bet-for positions and moving the received bet-against order as a STO order to the order book with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the share quantity of the received bet-against order when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is greater than the share quantity of existing buy-for positions; and
processes the received bet-against order as a BTC order with a share quantity equal to the share quantity of the received bet-against order and leaving the existing bet-for positions as bet-for positions with a share quantity equal to a remainder of the quantity of existing bet-for positions when the share quantity of the received bet-against order is less than the share quantity of existing bet-for positions. 11. The bet exchange system of claim 10 where in receiving the plurality of bet orders, the system further comprises:
an order sequencer configured to sequence the unfilled BTO orders and BTC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a highest limit amount to a lowest limit amount, and to sequence the unfilled STO orders and STC orders that are not immediately executable in the order book from a lowest limit amount to a highest limit amount. 12. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching the one of the BTO orders with STO orders, the bet exchange core module further:
sets the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STO order;
generates the instance of the standardized bet contract between the BTO order and the STO order for the bet event;
deduct the value of the trade based on the trade amount per share of the bet event for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
deduct the value of the trade based on the standardized payout amount minus the trade amount per share for the share quantity of the trade from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 13. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTO orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value of the standardized bet contract per share of the standardized bet contract to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTO order and the STC order;
deducts the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTO order; and
add the last trade value per share of the standardized bet contract for the share quantity of the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 14. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STO orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STO order;
adds the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share of the bet event for the quantity of shares matched from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
deducts the standardized payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the STO order. 15. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where in matching one of the BTC orders with one of the STC orders, the bet exchange core module:
sets the last trade value per share of the bet event to the trade amount per share for the match between the BTC order and the STC order;
adds the standard payout amount per share minus the last trade value per share for the share quantity of the match from the available balance of the contestant that made the BTC order; and
adds the last trade value per share for the quantity of shares in the match to the available balance of the contestant that made the STC order. 16. The bet exchange system of claim 11 where the bet exchange core module:
stores unfilled bet-for orders that could not be immediately executed in the order book on a buy-side separate from a sell-side; and
stores unfilled bet-against orders in the order book in the against-side. 17. A non-transitory, computer-implemented method on a bet exchange system operating on a server and having a system database, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of bet orders over a data network from a plurality of client devices associated with a plurality of contestants entered in a contest based on a real-life event, where the bet orders include digital data indicative of buy orders and sell orders for bet-for positions on a bet event in a real-life event occurring and bet-against positions to bet on the bet event in the real-life event not occurring, each bet order having a limit amount and an order type of buy-to-open (“BTO”) order to open bet-for positions or a sell-to-open (“STO”) order to open bet-against positions; comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders to determine a trade amount for a match between BTO and STO orders where the trade amount is based on the limit amount of the BTO order or the STO order; generating an instance of a two-party standardized bet contract when the trade amount of a match between one of the BTO orders and one of the STO orders is less than or equal to a value based on the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STO order, where the BTO order and the STO order in the standardized bet contracts become a bet-for position and a bet-against position, respectively, for the contestants that sent the bet orders, where each standardized bet contract comprises a bet event identifier and a standardized payout amount, and each instance of a standardized bet contract further includes the bet-for position and the bet-against position on the bet event, where the trade amount is a last trade value for each standardized bet contract as the standardized bet contracts are generated; communicating the last trade value to the client devices for display to contestants entering bet information on a bet exchange client application executing on the client devices; and settling the instances of standardized bet contracts by transferring an amount based on a final trade value of the instances of standardized bet contract and the standardized payout amount to the contestants holding bet-for positions when the bet event has occurred or to the contestants holding bet-against positions when the bet event has not occurred. 18. The method of claim 17 where:
the step of receiving the plurality of the bet orders received from the client devices includes receiving buy-to-close (BTC) orders and sell-to-close (STC) orders, the method further comprising:
comparing, in addition to comparing BTO and STO bet orders, bet orders in combinations comprising BTO with STC orders, BTC with STO orders, and BTC with STC orders, the method further comprising:
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position when a BTO order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTO order and the STC order,
matching bet orders to transfer an existing bet-for position to a new bet-against position when a BTC order meets an STO order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STO order,
matching bet orders to close an existing bet-against position and an existing bet-for position to close two instances of the standardized bet contracts and generating a new instance of the standardized bet contract when a BTC order meets an STC order at a trade amount that is equal to or less than the limit amounts of the BTC order and the STC order. 19. The method of claim 17 where the step of comparing the limit amount of the BTO orders with the limit amount of the STO orders comprises:
where one of the bet orders is a received bet order and is either a received BTO order or a received STO order, and the other one of the bet orders is an unfilled bet order that is either an unfilled BTO order or an unfilled STO order, setting the trade amount of a match between one of the received bet orders and one of the unfilled bet orders to the limit amount of the unfilled bet order. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
creating a user account in the system database for each contestant associated with the plurality of client devices, each user account comprising at least one dashboard corresponding to each contest in which the contestant is entered, the dashboard comprising the contestant's current positions list, and an available balance for the contestant in the contest. 21. The method of claim 17 comprising, before the step of receiving the plurality of bet orders:
generating the contest in the system database based on the real-life event, the contest having a contest description, a bet list, and a contest entry amount;
generating each standardized bet contract and adding each standardized bet contract to the bet list in the contest. | 2,800 |
344,179 | 16,803,647 | 2,844 | A liquid ejecting device includes a support portion configured to support a medium, an ejecting unit configured to eject liquid, a detector including sensors, and a control unit configured to determine, based on a detection result from the detector, a first space being a space between the ejecting unit and the medium. The sensors include a first sensor, a second sensor provided downstream of the first sensor in an ejection direction, and a third sensor provided at a position between the first sensor and the second sensor in the ejection direction. The control unit determines that the first space is in an error state when the first sensor detects the medium, and determines the first space based on a detection result of the medium when the first sensor does not detect the medium but at least one of the second sensor and the third sensor detects the medium. | 1. A liquid ejecting device comprising:
a support portion configured to support a medium; an ejecting unit configured to eject liquid onto the medium supported by the support portion; a detector including a plurality of sensors configured to detect the medium in a detection region; and a control unit configured to determine, based on a detection result from the detector, a first space being a space between the ejecting unit and the medium in an ejection direction of the liquid from the ejecting unit, wherein the plurality of sensors include a first sensor, a second sensor provided downstream of the first sensor in the ejection direction, and a third sensor provided at a position between the first sensor and the second sensor in the ejection direction, and the control unit is configured to determine that the first space is in an error state when the first sensor detects the medium, and to determine the first space based on a detection result of the medium when the first sensor does not detect the medium but at least one of the second sensor and the third sensor detects the medium. 2. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to execute a first space adjustment operation for adjusting the first space by moving at least one of the ejecting unit and the support portion along the ejection direction, and to execute the first space adjustment operation, based on the first space determined based on the detection result from the detector. 3. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to execute an ejection timing adjustment operation for adjusting an ejection timing of the liquid ejected from the ejecting unit, and to execute the ejection timing adjustment operation, based on the first space. 4. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the support portion is configured to move along the ejection direction, and the control unit is configured to determine that the first space is in an error state when the support portion is not at a most upstream side in the ejection direction and none of the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor detect the medium. 5. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 4, wherein
the control unit is configured to determine that the first space is not in an error state when the support portion is at a most upstream side in the ejection direction and none of the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor detect the medium. 6. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the liquid ejecting device includes a plurality of the third sensors at different positions in the ejection direction. 7. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of sensors includes a light-emitting unit configured to emit light and a light-receiving unit configured to receive the light, when one side from the support portion is defined as a first region and the other side from the support portion is defined as a second region in a width direction intersecting the ejection direction, in each of the plurality of sensors, one of the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit is disposed in the first region, and the other of the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit is disposed in the second region, and the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit are arranged alternately in each of the first region and the second region. 8. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the support portion is configured to move between a first position and a second position along a movement direction intersecting the ejection direction, and the plurality of sensors are arranged side by side in the movement direction. 9. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 8, wherein
the detector is configured to detect the medium in the detection region when the support portion moves from the first position toward the second position, and the first sensor is disposed closer to the first position, in the movement direction, than the second sensor and the third sensor are. 10. A space detection method using a liquid ejecting device including: a support portion configured to support a medium; an ejecting unit configured to eject liquid onto the medium supported by the support portion; and a detector including a plurality of sensors configured to detect the medium in a detection region, the plurality of sensors including a first sensor, a second sensor provided downstream of the first sensor in an ejection direction of the liquid from the ejecting unit, and a third sensor provided at a position between the first sensor and the second sensor in the ejection direction,
the space detection method being for detecting, based on a detection result from the detector, a first space being a space between the ejecting unit and the medium in the ejection direction, the space detection method comprising: determining that the first space is in an error state when the first sensor detects the medium, and determining the first space based on a detection result of the medium when the first sensor does not detect the medium but at least one of the second sensor and the third sensor detects the medium. | A liquid ejecting device includes a support portion configured to support a medium, an ejecting unit configured to eject liquid, a detector including sensors, and a control unit configured to determine, based on a detection result from the detector, a first space being a space between the ejecting unit and the medium. The sensors include a first sensor, a second sensor provided downstream of the first sensor in an ejection direction, and a third sensor provided at a position between the first sensor and the second sensor in the ejection direction. The control unit determines that the first space is in an error state when the first sensor detects the medium, and determines the first space based on a detection result of the medium when the first sensor does not detect the medium but at least one of the second sensor and the third sensor detects the medium.1. A liquid ejecting device comprising:
a support portion configured to support a medium; an ejecting unit configured to eject liquid onto the medium supported by the support portion; a detector including a plurality of sensors configured to detect the medium in a detection region; and a control unit configured to determine, based on a detection result from the detector, a first space being a space between the ejecting unit and the medium in an ejection direction of the liquid from the ejecting unit, wherein the plurality of sensors include a first sensor, a second sensor provided downstream of the first sensor in the ejection direction, and a third sensor provided at a position between the first sensor and the second sensor in the ejection direction, and the control unit is configured to determine that the first space is in an error state when the first sensor detects the medium, and to determine the first space based on a detection result of the medium when the first sensor does not detect the medium but at least one of the second sensor and the third sensor detects the medium. 2. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to execute a first space adjustment operation for adjusting the first space by moving at least one of the ejecting unit and the support portion along the ejection direction, and to execute the first space adjustment operation, based on the first space determined based on the detection result from the detector. 3. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to execute an ejection timing adjustment operation for adjusting an ejection timing of the liquid ejected from the ejecting unit, and to execute the ejection timing adjustment operation, based on the first space. 4. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the support portion is configured to move along the ejection direction, and the control unit is configured to determine that the first space is in an error state when the support portion is not at a most upstream side in the ejection direction and none of the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor detect the medium. 5. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 4, wherein
the control unit is configured to determine that the first space is not in an error state when the support portion is at a most upstream side in the ejection direction and none of the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor detect the medium. 6. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the liquid ejecting device includes a plurality of the third sensors at different positions in the ejection direction. 7. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of sensors includes a light-emitting unit configured to emit light and a light-receiving unit configured to receive the light, when one side from the support portion is defined as a first region and the other side from the support portion is defined as a second region in a width direction intersecting the ejection direction, in each of the plurality of sensors, one of the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit is disposed in the first region, and the other of the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit is disposed in the second region, and the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit are arranged alternately in each of the first region and the second region. 8. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the support portion is configured to move between a first position and a second position along a movement direction intersecting the ejection direction, and the plurality of sensors are arranged side by side in the movement direction. 9. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 8, wherein
the detector is configured to detect the medium in the detection region when the support portion moves from the first position toward the second position, and the first sensor is disposed closer to the first position, in the movement direction, than the second sensor and the third sensor are. 10. A space detection method using a liquid ejecting device including: a support portion configured to support a medium; an ejecting unit configured to eject liquid onto the medium supported by the support portion; and a detector including a plurality of sensors configured to detect the medium in a detection region, the plurality of sensors including a first sensor, a second sensor provided downstream of the first sensor in an ejection direction of the liquid from the ejecting unit, and a third sensor provided at a position between the first sensor and the second sensor in the ejection direction,
the space detection method being for detecting, based on a detection result from the detector, a first space being a space between the ejecting unit and the medium in the ejection direction, the space detection method comprising: determining that the first space is in an error state when the first sensor detects the medium, and determining the first space based on a detection result of the medium when the first sensor does not detect the medium but at least one of the second sensor and the third sensor detects the medium. | 2,800 |
344,180 | 16,803,659 | 2,844 | A display panel has a non-display area comprising a GOA wiring area is provided. The display panel includes GOA wirings disposed in the GOA wiring area, and an electrostatic shielding unit, disposed at least corresponding to the GOA wirings of part of the GOA wiring area. The electrostatic shielding unit is configured to prevent the GOA wirings from being damaged by static electricity. | 1. A display panel having a non-display area, the non-display area comprising a GOA wiring area, the display panel comprising:
GOA wirings, the GOA wirings being disposed in the GOA wiring area; and an electrostatic shielding unit, the electrostatic shielding unit being disposed at least corresponding to the GOA wirings of part of the GOA wiring area, the electrostatic shielding unit being configured to prevent the GOA wirings from being damaged by static electricity. 2. The display panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrostatic shielding unit comprises an electrostatic shielding layer and an electrostatic shielding signal line;
the electrostatic shielding layer being disposed at least corresponding to part of the GOA wirings; one end of the electrostatic shielding signal line being electrically connected to the electrostatic shielding layer, another end of the electrostatic shielding signal line being used to load a constant voltage signal. 3. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a cathode signal line, the GOA wiring area comprising a first GOA wiring area and a second GOA wiring area disposed adjacent to the first GOA wiring area, the cathode signal line being disposed corresponding to the first GOA wiring area, the electrostatic shielding layer being disposed corresponding to the second GOA wiring area, 4. The display panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein a vertical projection of the electrostatic shielding layer on the display panel overlaps a vertical projection of the GOA wirings in the second GOA wiring area on the display panel. 5. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding layer is disposed on a same layer as a source/drain, the electrostatic shielding layer is disposed on a same layer as an anode. 6. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a power management chip, the electrostatic shielding signal line loading the constant voltage signal through the power management chip. 7. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding signal line comprises a first electrostatic shielding signal line and a second electrostatic shielding signal line located on a different layer from the first electrostatic shielding signal line, the first electrostatic shielding signal line is electrically connected to the second electrostatic shielding signal line. 8. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding signal line and the GOA wirings of the GOA wiring area and/or a source/drain are disposed on a same layer. 9. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding signal line is disposed on a same layer as the electrostatic shielding layer. 10. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a packaging layer, a vertical projection of the packaging layer on the display panel covering a vertical projection of the electrostatic shielding layer on the display panel. | A display panel has a non-display area comprising a GOA wiring area is provided. The display panel includes GOA wirings disposed in the GOA wiring area, and an electrostatic shielding unit, disposed at least corresponding to the GOA wirings of part of the GOA wiring area. The electrostatic shielding unit is configured to prevent the GOA wirings from being damaged by static electricity.1. A display panel having a non-display area, the non-display area comprising a GOA wiring area, the display panel comprising:
GOA wirings, the GOA wirings being disposed in the GOA wiring area; and an electrostatic shielding unit, the electrostatic shielding unit being disposed at least corresponding to the GOA wirings of part of the GOA wiring area, the electrostatic shielding unit being configured to prevent the GOA wirings from being damaged by static electricity. 2. The display panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrostatic shielding unit comprises an electrostatic shielding layer and an electrostatic shielding signal line;
the electrostatic shielding layer being disposed at least corresponding to part of the GOA wirings; one end of the electrostatic shielding signal line being electrically connected to the electrostatic shielding layer, another end of the electrostatic shielding signal line being used to load a constant voltage signal. 3. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a cathode signal line, the GOA wiring area comprising a first GOA wiring area and a second GOA wiring area disposed adjacent to the first GOA wiring area, the cathode signal line being disposed corresponding to the first GOA wiring area, the electrostatic shielding layer being disposed corresponding to the second GOA wiring area, 4. The display panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein a vertical projection of the electrostatic shielding layer on the display panel overlaps a vertical projection of the GOA wirings in the second GOA wiring area on the display panel. 5. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding layer is disposed on a same layer as a source/drain, the electrostatic shielding layer is disposed on a same layer as an anode. 6. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a power management chip, the electrostatic shielding signal line loading the constant voltage signal through the power management chip. 7. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding signal line comprises a first electrostatic shielding signal line and a second electrostatic shielding signal line located on a different layer from the first electrostatic shielding signal line, the first electrostatic shielding signal line is electrically connected to the second electrostatic shielding signal line. 8. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding signal line and the GOA wirings of the GOA wiring area and/or a source/drain are disposed on a same layer. 9. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrostatic shielding signal line is disposed on a same layer as the electrostatic shielding layer. 10. The display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a packaging layer, a vertical projection of the packaging layer on the display panel covering a vertical projection of the electrostatic shielding layer on the display panel. | 2,800 |
344,181 | 16,803,655 | 2,844 | A method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target includes utilizing one or more processing elements to implement a standard convolution layer. A configuration of the CNN accelerator is modified to change a data flow between components on the CNN accelerator. The one or more processing elements is utilized to implement a fully connected layer in response to the change in the data flow. | 1. A target device comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, wherein the target device comprises:
a buffer that stores a first input feature map during a first configuration and second coefficient data during a second configuration; and a processing element comprising a cache, wherein the cache stores first coefficient data during the first configuration and a second input feature map during the second configuration, wherein the processing element implements a standard convolutional layer during the first configuration to generate a first output feature map by processing the first input feature map received from the buffer and the first coefficient data received from the cache, and wherein the processing element implements a fully connected layer during the second configuration to generate a second output feature map by processing the second coefficient data received from the buffer and the second input feature map received from the cache. 2. The target device of claim 1, wherein the target device comprises a plurality of processing elements that implement the standard convolutional layer during the first configuration and the fully connected layer during the second configuration. 3. The target device of claim 1, wherein the processing element comprises:
a dot product unit that computes float dot products every clock cycle; and an accumulator unit that accumulates dot product results as partial sums until an entire computation is completed. 4. The target device of claim 1, wherein the cache is implemented by a memory block on the target device. 5. The target device of claim 1, wherein the target device stores the first output feature map in an external memory if a determination is made that the standard convolution layer is a last standard layer to be implemented for processing a feature map. 6. The target device of claim 1, wherein the target device stores the second output feature map in the cache if a determination is made that the fully connected layer is not a last fully connected layer to be implemented for processing a feature map. 7. The target device of claim 6, wherein the target device stores the second output feature map in an external memory if a determination is made that the fully connected layer is the last fully connected layer to be implemented for processing the feature map. 8. The target device of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencer unit that coordinates a first data flow between components on the target device during the first configuration and that coordinates a second data flow between the components on the target device during the second configuration. 9. A method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target device, the method comprising:
storing a first input feature map in a buffer in the target device; storing first coefficient data in a cache in processing elements; implementing a standard convolution layer with the processing elements to generate a first output feature map in response to receiving the first input feature map from the buffer and in response to receiving the first coefficient data from the cache; storing a second input feature map in the cache in the processing elements; storing second coefficient data in the buffer in the target device; and implementing a fully connected layer with the processing elements to generate a second output feature map in response to receiving the second coefficient data from the buffer and in response to receiving the second input feature map from the cache. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
streaming the second coefficient data into the processing elements from the buffer. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
storing the second output feature map in the cache if another fully connected layer is to be implemented; and
storing the second output feature map in a memory external to the target device if no additional fully connected layer is to be implemented. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
streaming the first input feature map into the processing elements from the buffer. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
storing the first output feature map in the buffer on the target device if another standard convolution layer is to be implemented; and
storing the first output feature map in a memory external to the target device if no additional standard convolution layer is to be implemented. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the processing elements implement either the standard convolution layer or the fully connected layer at an instance of time. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein implementing the standard convolution layer further comprises generating the first output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of different sets of data from the first input feature map and a fixed set of the first coefficient data. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein implementing the fully connected layer further comprises generating the second output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of a fixed set of data from the second input feature map and different sets of the second coefficient data. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium including a sequence of instructions stored thereon for causing a computer to execute a method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target device, the method comprising:
storing a first input feature map in a buffer in the target device; storing first coefficient data in a cache in a processing element; implementing a standard convolution layer by the processing element processing the first input feature map received from the buffer and the first coefficient data received from the cache to generate a first output feature map; storing a second input feature map in the cache in the processing element; storing second coefficient data in the buffer in the target device; and implementing a fully connected layer by the processing element processing the second coefficient data received from the buffer and the second input feature map received from the cache to generate a second output feature map. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the standard convolution layer causes the first output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of different sets of data from the first input feature map and a fixed set of the first coefficient data. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fully connected layer causes the second output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of a fixed set of data from the second input feature map and different sets of the second coefficient data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processing element implements either the standard convolution layer or the fully connected layer at an instance of time. | A method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target includes utilizing one or more processing elements to implement a standard convolution layer. A configuration of the CNN accelerator is modified to change a data flow between components on the CNN accelerator. The one or more processing elements is utilized to implement a fully connected layer in response to the change in the data flow.1. A target device comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, wherein the target device comprises:
a buffer that stores a first input feature map during a first configuration and second coefficient data during a second configuration; and a processing element comprising a cache, wherein the cache stores first coefficient data during the first configuration and a second input feature map during the second configuration, wherein the processing element implements a standard convolutional layer during the first configuration to generate a first output feature map by processing the first input feature map received from the buffer and the first coefficient data received from the cache, and wherein the processing element implements a fully connected layer during the second configuration to generate a second output feature map by processing the second coefficient data received from the buffer and the second input feature map received from the cache. 2. The target device of claim 1, wherein the target device comprises a plurality of processing elements that implement the standard convolutional layer during the first configuration and the fully connected layer during the second configuration. 3. The target device of claim 1, wherein the processing element comprises:
a dot product unit that computes float dot products every clock cycle; and an accumulator unit that accumulates dot product results as partial sums until an entire computation is completed. 4. The target device of claim 1, wherein the cache is implemented by a memory block on the target device. 5. The target device of claim 1, wherein the target device stores the first output feature map in an external memory if a determination is made that the standard convolution layer is a last standard layer to be implemented for processing a feature map. 6. The target device of claim 1, wherein the target device stores the second output feature map in the cache if a determination is made that the fully connected layer is not a last fully connected layer to be implemented for processing a feature map. 7. The target device of claim 6, wherein the target device stores the second output feature map in an external memory if a determination is made that the fully connected layer is the last fully connected layer to be implemented for processing the feature map. 8. The target device of claim 1 further comprising:
a sequencer unit that coordinates a first data flow between components on the target device during the first configuration and that coordinates a second data flow between the components on the target device during the second configuration. 9. A method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target device, the method comprising:
storing a first input feature map in a buffer in the target device; storing first coefficient data in a cache in processing elements; implementing a standard convolution layer with the processing elements to generate a first output feature map in response to receiving the first input feature map from the buffer and in response to receiving the first coefficient data from the cache; storing a second input feature map in the cache in the processing elements; storing second coefficient data in the buffer in the target device; and implementing a fully connected layer with the processing elements to generate a second output feature map in response to receiving the second coefficient data from the buffer and in response to receiving the second input feature map from the cache. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
streaming the second coefficient data into the processing elements from the buffer. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
storing the second output feature map in the cache if another fully connected layer is to be implemented; and
storing the second output feature map in a memory external to the target device if no additional fully connected layer is to be implemented. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
streaming the first input feature map into the processing elements from the buffer. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
storing the first output feature map in the buffer on the target device if another standard convolution layer is to be implemented; and
storing the first output feature map in a memory external to the target device if no additional standard convolution layer is to be implemented. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the processing elements implement either the standard convolution layer or the fully connected layer at an instance of time. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein implementing the standard convolution layer further comprises generating the first output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of different sets of data from the first input feature map and a fixed set of the first coefficient data. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein implementing the fully connected layer further comprises generating the second output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of a fixed set of data from the second input feature map and different sets of the second coefficient data. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium including a sequence of instructions stored thereon for causing a computer to execute a method for implementing a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator on a target device, the method comprising:
storing a first input feature map in a buffer in the target device; storing first coefficient data in a cache in a processing element; implementing a standard convolution layer by the processing element processing the first input feature map received from the buffer and the first coefficient data received from the cache to generate a first output feature map; storing a second input feature map in the cache in the processing element; storing second coefficient data in the buffer in the target device; and implementing a fully connected layer by the processing element processing the second coefficient data received from the buffer and the second input feature map received from the cache to generate a second output feature map. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the standard convolution layer causes the first output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of different sets of data from the first input feature map and a fixed set of the first coefficient data. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the fully connected layer causes the second output feature map to include a sum of multiplications of a fixed set of data from the second input feature map and different sets of the second coefficient data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the processing element implements either the standard convolution layer or the fully connected layer at an instance of time. | 2,800 |
344,182 | 16,803,652 | 2,844 | A maintenance support system includes a terminal to be connected to one or more devices and one or more autonomous mobile bodies configured to acquire an own location, and transmits abnormality information from an abnormal device to the autonomous mobile body. The autonomous mobile body travels to a location of the abnormal device, based on the abnormality information. | 1. A maintenance support system, comprising:
a terminal configured to manage device location information of a plurality of devices present in a maintenance support region and receive abnormality information from an abnormal device among the plurality of devices; and one or more autonomous mobile bodies configured to receive an instruction signal transmitted from the terminal, wherein the terminal transmits the abnormality information to the autonomous mobile body when receiving the abnormality information, and the autonomous mobile body travels to a location of the abnormal device, based on the abnormality information and the device location information. 2. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes at least one of a sound-generating unit configured to generate sound and a light-emitting unit configured to emit light at least after traveling to the location of the abnormal device. 3. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes a projection unit configured to project an image of a moving image or of a still image, and the image includes maintenance information relating to an abnormality solution for the abnormal device. 4. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies is configured to convey a maintenance tool. 5. The maintenance support system according to claim 3, wherein
the terminal is configured to manage shape information of the devices, and includes projection location information associated with, based on the shape information, the abnormality information of the abnormal device, and the projection unit is configured to project the maintenance information, based on the projection location information. 6. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes a photographing unit configured to photograph the devices, and the terminal is configured to receive image data corresponding to the abnormal device that is photographed by the photographing unit, and associates the image data that is received with the abnormality information and stores the image data in a storage unit. 7. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies is a flying object. 8. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes a movement mechanism and an energy accumulation unit configured to accumulate energy to be applied to the movement mechanism, and when an energy amount in the energy accumulation unit is less than a predetermined amount, the terminal transmits the instruction signal to another autonomous mobile body. 9. The maintenance support system according to claim 8, wherein
when receiving failure information from one autonomous mobile body, the terminal transmits the instruction signal to another autonomous mobile body. 10. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of autonomous mobile bodies are provided, and the plurality of autonomous mobile bodies are configured to deal with the plurality of devices. 11. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
the maintenance support region is divided into a plurality of regions, autonomous mobile bodies are respectively assigned to each of the plurality of regions, and the terminal transmits the instruction signal to an autonomous mobile body assigned to a region in which the abnormal device is present. 12. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the plurality of devices is a printing device including a conveyance unit being configured to convey a medium and a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium that is conveyed. 13. A terminal to be used in a maintenance support system configured to support maintenance of a plurality of devices, the terminal comprising:
a storage unit configured to store device location information relating to the plurality of devices; a reception unit being configured to receive abnormality information from an abnormal device being a device, among the plurality of devices, with an abnormality; and a transmission unit configured to, when receiving the abnormality information, transmit an instruction signal for causing at least one unmanned mobile body, that is configured to move, to travel to a location at which the abnormal device is installed, based on the device location information. | A maintenance support system includes a terminal to be connected to one or more devices and one or more autonomous mobile bodies configured to acquire an own location, and transmits abnormality information from an abnormal device to the autonomous mobile body. The autonomous mobile body travels to a location of the abnormal device, based on the abnormality information.1. A maintenance support system, comprising:
a terminal configured to manage device location information of a plurality of devices present in a maintenance support region and receive abnormality information from an abnormal device among the plurality of devices; and one or more autonomous mobile bodies configured to receive an instruction signal transmitted from the terminal, wherein the terminal transmits the abnormality information to the autonomous mobile body when receiving the abnormality information, and the autonomous mobile body travels to a location of the abnormal device, based on the abnormality information and the device location information. 2. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes at least one of a sound-generating unit configured to generate sound and a light-emitting unit configured to emit light at least after traveling to the location of the abnormal device. 3. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes a projection unit configured to project an image of a moving image or of a still image, and the image includes maintenance information relating to an abnormality solution for the abnormal device. 4. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies is configured to convey a maintenance tool. 5. The maintenance support system according to claim 3, wherein
the terminal is configured to manage shape information of the devices, and includes projection location information associated with, based on the shape information, the abnormality information of the abnormal device, and the projection unit is configured to project the maintenance information, based on the projection location information. 6. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes a photographing unit configured to photograph the devices, and the terminal is configured to receive image data corresponding to the abnormal device that is photographed by the photographing unit, and associates the image data that is received with the abnormality information and stores the image data in a storage unit. 7. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies is a flying object. 8. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the autonomous mobile bodies includes a movement mechanism and an energy accumulation unit configured to accumulate energy to be applied to the movement mechanism, and when an energy amount in the energy accumulation unit is less than a predetermined amount, the terminal transmits the instruction signal to another autonomous mobile body. 9. The maintenance support system according to claim 8, wherein
when receiving failure information from one autonomous mobile body, the terminal transmits the instruction signal to another autonomous mobile body. 10. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of autonomous mobile bodies are provided, and the plurality of autonomous mobile bodies are configured to deal with the plurality of devices. 11. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
the maintenance support region is divided into a plurality of regions, autonomous mobile bodies are respectively assigned to each of the plurality of regions, and the terminal transmits the instruction signal to an autonomous mobile body assigned to a region in which the abnormal device is present. 12. The maintenance support system according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the plurality of devices is a printing device including a conveyance unit being configured to convey a medium and a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium that is conveyed. 13. A terminal to be used in a maintenance support system configured to support maintenance of a plurality of devices, the terminal comprising:
a storage unit configured to store device location information relating to the plurality of devices; a reception unit being configured to receive abnormality information from an abnormal device being a device, among the plurality of devices, with an abnormality; and a transmission unit configured to, when receiving the abnormality information, transmit an instruction signal for causing at least one unmanned mobile body, that is configured to move, to travel to a location at which the abnormal device is installed, based on the device location information. | 2,800 |
344,183 | 16,803,496 | 2,844 | Items of video content offered for viewing on a video-on-demand (VOD) platform of a digital TV service provider are each assigned a respective title and hierarchical address corresponding to hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories within which the title for the video content is to be categorized. The title is listed in a location of an electronic program guide (EPG) using the same categories and subcategories as its hierarchical address. Any TV subscriber can access the EPG and navigate through its categories and subcategories to find a title for viewing on the TV. The EPG dynamically adjust its display listings of each level of categories, subcategories, and titles in order to minimize the number of remote control keypresses needed for a viewer to navigate to a title of interest. In one basic form, the EPG display is reordered by listing more frequently visited categories or subcategories first, and other less frequently visited categories or subcategories lower on the listing or out-of-sight on another page of the display. | 1. A method comprising:
(a) providing, from a first digital television service provider system associated with a first digital television service provider via a wireless broadband connection using IP protocol, to a first Internet-connected digital device associated with a first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a first application comprising at least a first set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a first viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a first individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content based at least in part on:
(1) electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from a video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data,
(ii) a second viewer interface application configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a third viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(b) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system for the first Internet-connected digital device, login credentials; (c) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, that the login credentials are associated with a subscriber account of the first subscriber; (d) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, an electronic authorization for the first viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (e) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system via the Internet from the first Internet-connected digital device, a first electronic request to access first video-on-demand electronic media content via the first viewer interface; (f) accessing, by the first digital television services provider system, upon receipt of the first electronic access request, a first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand media content wherein the first individualized electronic program guide is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, first electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the first electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(g) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, the first individualized electronic program guide data for populating a first set of one or more templates associated with a first individualized electronic program guide in the first viewer interface; (h) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, a first video-on-demand media request for a first video-on-demand electronic media content; (i) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the first electronic viewing data with information associated with the first video-on-demand media request to generate second electronic viewing data; and (j) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the Internet to the first Internet-connected digital device, the first video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the first video-on-demand media request for display on a first display associated with the first Internet-connected digital device; (k) providing, from the first digital television service provider system associated with the first digital television service provider via a broadband connection, to a first digital set top box associated with the first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a second application comprising at least a second set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a fourth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a second individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content and associated with the first individualized electronic program guide, and the second individualized electronic program guide is based at least in part on:
(1) an updated first electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from the video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data,
(ii) a fifth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a sixth viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(l) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a request for electronic authorization; (m) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, the request for electronic authorization is associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (n) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box, an electronic authorization for the fourth viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (o) receiving, from the first digital set top box at the first digital television services provider system, a second electronic request to access second video-on-demand electronic media content via the fourth viewer interface; (p) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system, upon receipt of the second electronic access request, a second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content wherein the second individualized electronic program guide data is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, at the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, second electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the second electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(q) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box via the broadband connection, the second individualized electronic program guide data for populating a second set of one or more templates associated with a second individualized electronic program guide in the fourth viewer interface; (r) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a second video-on-demand media request for the second video-on-demand electronic media content; (s) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the second electronic viewing data with information associated with the second video-on-demand media request to generate third electronic viewing data; and (t) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the broadband connection to the first digital set top box, the second video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the second video-on-demand media request for display on a second display associated with the first digital set top box. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a local area broadband network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a wireless broadband network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises telephone lines. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first video-on-demand media content is transmitted to the first Internet-connected digital device in step (j) in a packetized data stream. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second video-on-demand electronic media content is transmitted to the first digital set top box in step (t) in a packetized data stream. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first Internet-connected digital device decodes the packetized data stream and presents the first video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first digital set top box. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first digital set top box decodes the packetized data stream and presents the second video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first Internet-connected digital device. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the first video-on-demand electronic content 10. The method of claim 9, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to further fast forward the first video-on-demand electronic program. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the second video-on-demand electronic content using a remote control unit. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to further fast forward the second video-on-demand electronic program using the remote control unit. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the second viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system a request to access the third viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system a request to access the fifth viewer interface from the first digital set top box. 16. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system a request to access the sixth viewer interface from the first digital set top box. | Items of video content offered for viewing on a video-on-demand (VOD) platform of a digital TV service provider are each assigned a respective title and hierarchical address corresponding to hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories within which the title for the video content is to be categorized. The title is listed in a location of an electronic program guide (EPG) using the same categories and subcategories as its hierarchical address. Any TV subscriber can access the EPG and navigate through its categories and subcategories to find a title for viewing on the TV. The EPG dynamically adjust its display listings of each level of categories, subcategories, and titles in order to minimize the number of remote control keypresses needed for a viewer to navigate to a title of interest. In one basic form, the EPG display is reordered by listing more frequently visited categories or subcategories first, and other less frequently visited categories or subcategories lower on the listing or out-of-sight on another page of the display.1. A method comprising:
(a) providing, from a first digital television service provider system associated with a first digital television service provider via a wireless broadband connection using IP protocol, to a first Internet-connected digital device associated with a first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a first application comprising at least a first set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a first viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a first individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content based at least in part on:
(1) electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from a video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data,
(ii) a second viewer interface application configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a third viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(b) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system for the first Internet-connected digital device, login credentials; (c) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, that the login credentials are associated with a subscriber account of the first subscriber; (d) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, an electronic authorization for the first viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (e) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system via the Internet from the first Internet-connected digital device, a first electronic request to access first video-on-demand electronic media content via the first viewer interface; (f) accessing, by the first digital television services provider system, upon receipt of the first electronic access request, a first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand media content wherein the first individualized electronic program guide is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, first electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the first electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(g) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, the first individualized electronic program guide data for populating a first set of one or more templates associated with a first individualized electronic program guide in the first viewer interface; (h) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, a first video-on-demand media request for a first video-on-demand electronic media content; (i) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the first electronic viewing data with information associated with the first video-on-demand media request to generate second electronic viewing data; and (j) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the Internet to the first Internet-connected digital device, the first video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the first video-on-demand media request for display on a first display associated with the first Internet-connected digital device; (k) providing, from the first digital television service provider system associated with the first digital television service provider via a broadband connection, to a first digital set top box associated with the first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a second application comprising at least a second set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a fourth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a second individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content and associated with the first individualized electronic program guide, and the second individualized electronic program guide is based at least in part on:
(1) an updated first electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from the video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data,
(ii) a fifth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a sixth viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(l) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a request for electronic authorization; (m) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, the request for electronic authorization is associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (n) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box, an electronic authorization for the fourth viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (o) receiving, from the first digital set top box at the first digital television services provider system, a second electronic request to access second video-on-demand electronic media content via the fourth viewer interface; (p) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system, upon receipt of the second electronic access request, a second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content wherein the second individualized electronic program guide data is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, at the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, second electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the second electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(q) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box via the broadband connection, the second individualized electronic program guide data for populating a second set of one or more templates associated with a second individualized electronic program guide in the fourth viewer interface; (r) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a second video-on-demand media request for the second video-on-demand electronic media content; (s) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the second electronic viewing data with information associated with the second video-on-demand media request to generate third electronic viewing data; and (t) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the broadband connection to the first digital set top box, the second video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the second video-on-demand media request for display on a second display associated with the first digital set top box. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a local area broadband network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a wireless broadband network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises telephone lines. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first video-on-demand media content is transmitted to the first Internet-connected digital device in step (j) in a packetized data stream. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second video-on-demand electronic media content is transmitted to the first digital set top box in step (t) in a packetized data stream. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first Internet-connected digital device decodes the packetized data stream and presents the first video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first digital set top box. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first digital set top box decodes the packetized data stream and presents the second video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first Internet-connected digital device. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the first video-on-demand electronic content 10. The method of claim 9, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to further fast forward the first video-on-demand electronic program. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the second video-on-demand electronic content using a remote control unit. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to further fast forward the second video-on-demand electronic program using the remote control unit. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the second viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system a request to access the third viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system a request to access the fifth viewer interface from the first digital set top box. 16. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system a request to access the sixth viewer interface from the first digital set top box. | 2,800 |
344,184 | 16,803,676 | 2,844 | A frac manifold support system includes a platform having a slider plate disposed thereon. The system also including a secure container unit secured relative to the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block. The system further includes a selectively secure container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block and a driving device for moving the selectively secure container unit towards and away from the secure container unit. A method for accessing various parts of the frac manifold support system includes the step of unsecuring a spacer spool from a studded block or studded cross to gain access to a desired area for maintenance. The method also includes the step of creating a first section of the frac manifold support system and a second section of the frac manifold support system. Further, the method includes the step of separating the second section of the frac manifold support system from the first section of the frac manifold support system to allow access to the desired area. | 1. A frac manifold support system, the system comprising:
a platform having a slider plate disposed thereon; a secure container unit secured relative to the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; a selectively secure container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; and a driving device for moving the selectively secure container unit towards and away from the secure container unit. 2. The frac manifold support system of claim 1 further comprising a mobile container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate between the selectively secure container unit and the secure container unit. 3. The frac manifold support system of claim 2 wherein the container units are separated by spacer spools. 4. The frac manifold support system of claim 2 wherein the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a base portion for supporting the studded blocks or crosses and securing portions for securing the studded blocks or crosses in the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit. 5. The frac manifold support system of claim 4 wherein securing portions of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include arched slats that are secured together around flanges that extend from the studded blocks or crosses. 6. The frac manifold support system of claim 4 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a slide layer disposed beneath the base portion to engage and slide on the slider plate. 7. The frac manifold support system of claim 6 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a connection plate disposed between the base portion and the slide layer. 8. The frac manifold support system of claim 7 further comprising an angled plate to be secured to the platform or slider plate on one end and positioned in close proximity to the connection plate on another end of the angled plate to prevent movement of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit in a direction away from the slider plate. 9. The frac manifold support system of claim 8 wherein the platform has slots therein for the angled plates to extend through. 10. A method for accessing various parts of a frac manifold via a frac manifold support system, the method comprising:
unsecuring a spacer spool from a studded block or studded cross to gain access to a desired area for maintenance; creating a first section of the frac manifold support system and a second section of the frac manifold support system, the first section of the frac manifold support system being the secure container unit, any spacer spools, and any studded blocks or crosses securely supported by the secure container unit, the second section of the frac manifold support system being the selectively secure container unit, any spacer spools, and any studded blocks or crosses securely supported by the selectively secure container unit; and separating the second section of the frac manifold support system from the first section of the frac manifold support system to allow access to the desired area. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising performing desired maintenance on the frac manifold. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising positioning the second section of the frac manifold support system adjacent to the first section of the frac manifold support system to allow the second section of the frac manifold support system and the first section of the frac manifold support system to be secured together again. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising securing the the spacer spool to the studded block or studded cross at the desired area where maintenance was required. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the frac manifold support system comprises:
a platform having a slider plate disposed thereon;
a secure container unit secured relative to the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; and
a selectively secure container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; and
a driving device for moving the selectively secure container unit towards and away from the secure container unit. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising a mobile container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate between the selectively secure container unit and the secure container unit. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a base portion for supporting the studded blocks or crosses and securing portions for securing the studded blocks or crosses in the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein securing portions of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include arched slats that are secured together around flanges that extend from the studded blocks or crosses. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a slide layer disposed beneath the base portion to engage and slide on the slider plate. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a connection plate disposed between the base portion and the slide layer. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising an angled plate to be secured to the platform or slider plate on one end and positioned in close proximity to the connection plate on another end of the angled plate to prevent movement of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit in a direction away from the slider plate. | A frac manifold support system includes a platform having a slider plate disposed thereon. The system also including a secure container unit secured relative to the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block. The system further includes a selectively secure container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block and a driving device for moving the selectively secure container unit towards and away from the secure container unit. A method for accessing various parts of the frac manifold support system includes the step of unsecuring a spacer spool from a studded block or studded cross to gain access to a desired area for maintenance. The method also includes the step of creating a first section of the frac manifold support system and a second section of the frac manifold support system. Further, the method includes the step of separating the second section of the frac manifold support system from the first section of the frac manifold support system to allow access to the desired area.1. A frac manifold support system, the system comprising:
a platform having a slider plate disposed thereon; a secure container unit secured relative to the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; a selectively secure container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; and a driving device for moving the selectively secure container unit towards and away from the secure container unit. 2. The frac manifold support system of claim 1 further comprising a mobile container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate between the selectively secure container unit and the secure container unit. 3. The frac manifold support system of claim 2 wherein the container units are separated by spacer spools. 4. The frac manifold support system of claim 2 wherein the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a base portion for supporting the studded blocks or crosses and securing portions for securing the studded blocks or crosses in the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit. 5. The frac manifold support system of claim 4 wherein securing portions of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include arched slats that are secured together around flanges that extend from the studded blocks or crosses. 6. The frac manifold support system of claim 4 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a slide layer disposed beneath the base portion to engage and slide on the slider plate. 7. The frac manifold support system of claim 6 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a connection plate disposed between the base portion and the slide layer. 8. The frac manifold support system of claim 7 further comprising an angled plate to be secured to the platform or slider plate on one end and positioned in close proximity to the connection plate on another end of the angled plate to prevent movement of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit in a direction away from the slider plate. 9. The frac manifold support system of claim 8 wherein the platform has slots therein for the angled plates to extend through. 10. A method for accessing various parts of a frac manifold via a frac manifold support system, the method comprising:
unsecuring a spacer spool from a studded block or studded cross to gain access to a desired area for maintenance; creating a first section of the frac manifold support system and a second section of the frac manifold support system, the first section of the frac manifold support system being the secure container unit, any spacer spools, and any studded blocks or crosses securely supported by the secure container unit, the second section of the frac manifold support system being the selectively secure container unit, any spacer spools, and any studded blocks or crosses securely supported by the selectively secure container unit; and separating the second section of the frac manifold support system from the first section of the frac manifold support system to allow access to the desired area. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising performing desired maintenance on the frac manifold. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising positioning the second section of the frac manifold support system adjacent to the first section of the frac manifold support system to allow the second section of the frac manifold support system and the first section of the frac manifold support system to be secured together again. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising securing the the spacer spool to the studded block or studded cross at the desired area where maintenance was required. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the frac manifold support system comprises:
a platform having a slider plate disposed thereon;
a secure container unit secured relative to the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; and
a selectively secure container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate for supporting a studded cross or studded block; and
a driving device for moving the selectively secure container unit towards and away from the secure container unit. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising a mobile container unit slidably disposed on the slider plate between the selectively secure container unit and the secure container unit. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a base portion for supporting the studded blocks or crosses and securing portions for securing the studded blocks or crosses in the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein securing portions of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include arched slats that are secured together around flanges that extend from the studded blocks or crosses. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a slide layer disposed beneath the base portion to engage and slide on the slider plate. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit include a connection plate disposed between the base portion and the slide layer. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising an angled plate to be secured to the platform or slider plate on one end and positioned in close proximity to the connection plate on another end of the angled plate to prevent movement of the secure container unit, the selectively secure container unit and the mobile container unit in a direction away from the slider plate. | 2,800 |
344,185 | 16,803,635 | 2,844 | A golf club and golf club head having a high static loft angle, low forward center of gravity, and enhanced z-axis gear effect via a large roll radius and/or tightly controlled moment of inertia about the CG x-axis, Ixx, associated with upward and downward twisting of the club head. | 1. A golf club head, comprising:
a club head body having an external surface with a heel portion, a toe portion, a crown portion, a sole portion, a skirt portion positioned around a periphery between the sole portion and crown portion, a ball striking face having a thickness, and a hosel integrally formed with the club head body and extending outward from the club head body proximate to a crown and heel transition region; wherein the ball striking face of the club head body has a geometric center; wherein the crown portion has one or more openings, and wherein one or more corresponding crown panels are placed in the one or more openings, the crown panels having a first material density and a first portion thickness; wherein a portion of the club head body located below a geometric center of the ball striking face is formed of a second material having a second material density and a second portion thickness, wherein the second material density is at least twice the first material density of the crown panels; wherein at least a portion of the ball striking face is formed of a composite material; wherein a moment of inertia about the golf club head center-of-gravity x-axis, Ixx, is between 250-800 kg-mm2; wherein the golf club head has a Delta 1 between 10 to 25 mm; where a club head has a club head volume of at least 250 cm3 and a club head weight of between about 190 and 210 grams; and wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity that is below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the center of gravity of the golf club head is 5-20 mm below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 3. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the club head body has a center of gravity whose projection onto the ball striking face of the club head body is located off-center from the geometric center in a direction toward the sole portion. 4. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the sole portion is at least partially formed of a material that is denser than the material used to form the crown portion. 5. The golf club head of claim 4, wherein the one or more crown panels are formed of a composite material. 6. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the ball striking face having a varying thickness of no less than 2.5 mm. 7. The golf club head of claim 6, wherein the ball striking face having a varying thickness of no greater than 5 mm. 8. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first material density has a density of approximately 2.8 g/cc or less. 9. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first material density and the at least a portion of the ball striking face formed of composite material have a density of approximately 1.5 g/cc. 10. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the second material is formed of a titanium alloy. 11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the second material is formed of a steel alloy. 12. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the club head body is formed from a combination of an alloy of titanium, an alloy of aluminum, and a composite material. 13. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the crown panels, the skirt, and ball striking face are held in place by adhesive bonding. 14. The golf club head of claim 12, wherein the crown panels, the skirt, and ball striking face are held in place by adhesive bonding. 15. A golf club head, comprising:
a club head body having an external surface with a heel portion, a toe portion, a crown portion, a sole portion, a skirt portion positioned around a periphery between the sole portion and crown portion, a ball striking face having a thickness, and a hosel integrally formed with the club head body and extending outward from the club head body proximate to a crown and heel transition region; wherein the ball striking face of the club head body has a geometric center; wherein the crown portion has one or more openings, and wherein one or more corresponding crown panels are placed in the one or more openings, the crown panels having a first material density and a first portion thickness; wherein a portion of the club head body located below a geometric center of the ball striking face is formed of a second material having a second material density and a second portion thickness, wherein the second material density is at least twice the first material density of the crown panels; wherein a moment of inertia about a golf club head center-of-gravity x-axis, Ixx, is between 250-800 kg-mm2; wherein the golf club head has a Delta 1 between 10 to 25 mm; where the club head has a club head volume of at least 250 cm3 and a club head weight of between about 190 and 210 grams; wherein the club head body is formed from a combination of an alloy of titanium, an alloy of aluminum, and a composite material; wherein the crown panels and the skirt are held in place by adhesive bonding; wherein the ball striking face having a varying thickness no more 5 mm; wherein the ball striking face having a roll radius of 300 mm or greater; and wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity that is below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 16. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the club head volume is at least 460 cm3 or greater. 17. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity that is 5-20 mm below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 18. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the club head body has a center of gravity whose projection onto the ball striking face of the club head body is located off-center from the geometric center in a direction toward the sole portion. 19. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the sole portion is at least partially formed of a material that is denser than the material used to form the crown portion. 20. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the ball striking face is formed of a composite material. | A golf club and golf club head having a high static loft angle, low forward center of gravity, and enhanced z-axis gear effect via a large roll radius and/or tightly controlled moment of inertia about the CG x-axis, Ixx, associated with upward and downward twisting of the club head.1. A golf club head, comprising:
a club head body having an external surface with a heel portion, a toe portion, a crown portion, a sole portion, a skirt portion positioned around a periphery between the sole portion and crown portion, a ball striking face having a thickness, and a hosel integrally formed with the club head body and extending outward from the club head body proximate to a crown and heel transition region; wherein the ball striking face of the club head body has a geometric center; wherein the crown portion has one or more openings, and wherein one or more corresponding crown panels are placed in the one or more openings, the crown panels having a first material density and a first portion thickness; wherein a portion of the club head body located below a geometric center of the ball striking face is formed of a second material having a second material density and a second portion thickness, wherein the second material density is at least twice the first material density of the crown panels; wherein at least a portion of the ball striking face is formed of a composite material; wherein a moment of inertia about the golf club head center-of-gravity x-axis, Ixx, is between 250-800 kg-mm2; wherein the golf club head has a Delta 1 between 10 to 25 mm; where a club head has a club head volume of at least 250 cm3 and a club head weight of between about 190 and 210 grams; and wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity that is below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the center of gravity of the golf club head is 5-20 mm below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 3. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the club head body has a center of gravity whose projection onto the ball striking face of the club head body is located off-center from the geometric center in a direction toward the sole portion. 4. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the sole portion is at least partially formed of a material that is denser than the material used to form the crown portion. 5. The golf club head of claim 4, wherein the one or more crown panels are formed of a composite material. 6. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the ball striking face having a varying thickness of no less than 2.5 mm. 7. The golf club head of claim 6, wherein the ball striking face having a varying thickness of no greater than 5 mm. 8. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first material density has a density of approximately 2.8 g/cc or less. 9. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first material density and the at least a portion of the ball striking face formed of composite material have a density of approximately 1.5 g/cc. 10. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the second material is formed of a titanium alloy. 11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the second material is formed of a steel alloy. 12. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the club head body is formed from a combination of an alloy of titanium, an alloy of aluminum, and a composite material. 13. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the crown panels, the skirt, and ball striking face are held in place by adhesive bonding. 14. The golf club head of claim 12, wherein the crown panels, the skirt, and ball striking face are held in place by adhesive bonding. 15. A golf club head, comprising:
a club head body having an external surface with a heel portion, a toe portion, a crown portion, a sole portion, a skirt portion positioned around a periphery between the sole portion and crown portion, a ball striking face having a thickness, and a hosel integrally formed with the club head body and extending outward from the club head body proximate to a crown and heel transition region; wherein the ball striking face of the club head body has a geometric center; wherein the crown portion has one or more openings, and wherein one or more corresponding crown panels are placed in the one or more openings, the crown panels having a first material density and a first portion thickness; wherein a portion of the club head body located below a geometric center of the ball striking face is formed of a second material having a second material density and a second portion thickness, wherein the second material density is at least twice the first material density of the crown panels; wherein a moment of inertia about a golf club head center-of-gravity x-axis, Ixx, is between 250-800 kg-mm2; wherein the golf club head has a Delta 1 between 10 to 25 mm; where the club head has a club head volume of at least 250 cm3 and a club head weight of between about 190 and 210 grams; wherein the club head body is formed from a combination of an alloy of titanium, an alloy of aluminum, and a composite material; wherein the crown panels and the skirt are held in place by adhesive bonding; wherein the ball striking face having a varying thickness no more 5 mm; wherein the ball striking face having a roll radius of 300 mm or greater; and wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity that is below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 16. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the club head volume is at least 460 cm3 or greater. 17. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the golf club head has a center of gravity that is 5-20 mm below the geometric center of the ball striking face of the golf club head as measured along a z-axis of the golf club head having an origin at the geometric center. 18. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the club head body has a center of gravity whose projection onto the ball striking face of the club head body is located off-center from the geometric center in a direction toward the sole portion. 19. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the sole portion is at least partially formed of a material that is denser than the material used to form the crown portion. 20. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the ball striking face is formed of a composite material. | 2,800 |
344,186 | 16,803,658 | 2,844 | A nonvolatile memory apparatus may include a write circuit and a sense amplifier. The write circuit may perform a preselection operation on a selected memory cell. When the selected memory cell was snapped back, the write circuit may selectively perform a reset write operation and a set write operation on the selected memory cell according to write data. When the selected memory cell is not snapped back, the write circuit may apply no voltage and no current to the selected memory cell. The sense amplifier may sense whether the selected memory cell was snapped back. | 1. A nonvolatile memory apparatus comprising:
a sense amplifier configured to sense whether a selected memory cell was snapped back; and a write circuit configured to:
apply a preselection voltage to the selected memory cell based on a write signal;
apply one of a reset write voltage and a set write voltage to the selected memory cell based on write data when the selected memory cell was snapped back; and
interrupt a voltage and current applied to the selected memory cell when the selected memory cell is not snapped back. 2. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preselection voltage is lower than the reset write voltage and higher than the set write voltage. 3. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the write circuit comprises:
a write control circuit configured to:
generate a preselection signal based on the write signal;
generate one of a reset write signal and a set write signal based on the write data when the selected memory cell was snapped back; and
disable the preselection signal and prevent the generation of the reset write signal and the set write signal when the selected memory cell is not snapped back; and
a write driver configured to:
apply the preselection voltage to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal;
apply the reset write voltage to the selected memory cell based on the reset write signal; and
apply the set write voltage to the selected memory cell based on the set write signal. 4. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the write control circuit is configured to:
generate the preselection signal based on the write signal, generate the reset write signal and the set write signal based on the write data and a sensing signal outputted from the sense amplifier, and not generate the reset write signal and not generate the set write signal when the sensing signal is disabled. 5. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the write control circuit comprises:
a write pulse generator configured to generate a reset pulse signal and a set pulse signal based on the write signal; a reset write signal generator configured to generate the reset write signal based on the write data, the reset pulse signal, and a sensing signal outputted from the sense amplifier; a set write signal generator configured to generate the set write signal based on the write data, the set pulse signal, and the sensing signal; and a preselection signal generator configured to generate the preselection signal based on at least one of the write signal, the reset pulse signal, and the set pulse signal. 6. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the write driver comprises:
a first global control circuit configured to apply one of a first high voltage, a second high voltage, and a third high voltage to a first global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal; and a second global control circuit configured to apply one of a first low voltage, a second low voltage, and a third low voltage to a second global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal, and configured to control one of a first current, a second current, and a third current to flow through the second global electrode. 7. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first high voltage is lower than the second high voltage and higher than the third high voltage. 8. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first low voltage is higher than the second and third low voltages, and the second low voltage is equal to or lower than the third low voltage,
wherein the third current is less than the second current and greater than the first current. 9. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
a difference between the first high voltage and the first low voltage corresponds to the preselection voltage; a difference between the second high voltage and the second low voltage corresponds to the reset write voltage; and a difference between the third high voltage and the third low voltage corresponds to the set write voltage. 10. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preselection voltage corresponds to a reset distribution maximum voltage. 11. An operating method of a nonvolatile memory apparatus, the operating method comprising:
applying a preselection voltage to a selected memory cell, the preselection voltage corresponding to a reset distribution maximum voltage; sensing whether the selected memory cell was snapped back; and selectively performing a reset write operation and a set write operation on the selected memory cell, based on write data and whether the selected memory cell was snapped back, and interrupting the preselection voltage applied to the selected memory cell. 12. The operating method according to claim 11, wherein selectively performing a reset write operation and a set write operation comprises performing one of the reset write operation and the set write operation on the selected memory cell based on the write data, when the selected memory cell was snapped back. 13. The operating method according to claim 11, wherein selectively performing a reset write operation and a set write operation comprises applying no voltage and no current to the selected memory cell, when the selected memory cell is not snapped back. 14. A nonvolatile memory apparatus comprising:
a write control circuit configured to:
generate a preselection signal based on a write signal;
generate one of a reset write signal and a set write signal, when a sensing signal is enabled; and
disable the preselection signal and generate none of the reset write signal and the set write signal, when the sensing signal is disabled;
a sense amplifier configured to sense whether a memory cell was snapped back and generate the sensing signal; and a write driver configured to:
perform a preselection operation on a selected memory cell based on the preselection signal;
perform a reset write operation on the selected memory cell based on the reset write signal; and
perform a set write operation on the selected memory cell based on the set write signal. 15. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the write control circuit comprises:
a write pulse generator configured to generate a reset pulse signal and a set pulse signal based on the write signal; a reset write signal generator configured to generate the reset write signal based on the reset pulse signal, the write data, and the sensing signal; a set write signal generator configured to generate the set write signal based on the set pulse signal, the write data, and the sensing signal; and a preselection signal generator configured to generate the preselection signal based on at least one of the write signal, the reset pulse signal and the set pulse signal. 16. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the write driver is configured to:
provide a preselection voltage and a first current to the selected to memory cell based on the preselection signal; provide a reset write voltage and a second current to the selected memory cell based on the reset write signal; and provide a set write voltage and a third current to the selected memory cell based on the set write signal. 17. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the preselection voltage is lower than the reset write voltage and higher than the set write voltage,
wherein the third current is greater than the first current and less than the second current. 18. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the preselection voltage corresponds to a reset distribution maximum voltage. 19. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the write driver comprises:
a first global control circuit configured to apply one of a first high voltage, a second high voltage and a third high voltage to a first global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal; and a second global control circuit configured to apply one of a first low voltage, a second low voltage, and a third low voltage to a second global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal, and configured to control one of a first current, a second current, and a third current to flow through the second global electrode. 20. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the first high voltage is lower than the second high voltage and higher than the third high voltage,
wherein the first low voltage is higher than the second and third low voltages, and the second low voltage is equal to or lower than the third low voltage, wherein the third current is less than the second current and greater than an amount of the first current. | A nonvolatile memory apparatus may include a write circuit and a sense amplifier. The write circuit may perform a preselection operation on a selected memory cell. When the selected memory cell was snapped back, the write circuit may selectively perform a reset write operation and a set write operation on the selected memory cell according to write data. When the selected memory cell is not snapped back, the write circuit may apply no voltage and no current to the selected memory cell. The sense amplifier may sense whether the selected memory cell was snapped back.1. A nonvolatile memory apparatus comprising:
a sense amplifier configured to sense whether a selected memory cell was snapped back; and a write circuit configured to:
apply a preselection voltage to the selected memory cell based on a write signal;
apply one of a reset write voltage and a set write voltage to the selected memory cell based on write data when the selected memory cell was snapped back; and
interrupt a voltage and current applied to the selected memory cell when the selected memory cell is not snapped back. 2. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preselection voltage is lower than the reset write voltage and higher than the set write voltage. 3. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the write circuit comprises:
a write control circuit configured to:
generate a preselection signal based on the write signal;
generate one of a reset write signal and a set write signal based on the write data when the selected memory cell was snapped back; and
disable the preselection signal and prevent the generation of the reset write signal and the set write signal when the selected memory cell is not snapped back; and
a write driver configured to:
apply the preselection voltage to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal;
apply the reset write voltage to the selected memory cell based on the reset write signal; and
apply the set write voltage to the selected memory cell based on the set write signal. 4. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the write control circuit is configured to:
generate the preselection signal based on the write signal, generate the reset write signal and the set write signal based on the write data and a sensing signal outputted from the sense amplifier, and not generate the reset write signal and not generate the set write signal when the sensing signal is disabled. 5. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the write control circuit comprises:
a write pulse generator configured to generate a reset pulse signal and a set pulse signal based on the write signal; a reset write signal generator configured to generate the reset write signal based on the write data, the reset pulse signal, and a sensing signal outputted from the sense amplifier; a set write signal generator configured to generate the set write signal based on the write data, the set pulse signal, and the sensing signal; and a preselection signal generator configured to generate the preselection signal based on at least one of the write signal, the reset pulse signal, and the set pulse signal. 6. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the write driver comprises:
a first global control circuit configured to apply one of a first high voltage, a second high voltage, and a third high voltage to a first global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal; and a second global control circuit configured to apply one of a first low voltage, a second low voltage, and a third low voltage to a second global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal, and configured to control one of a first current, a second current, and a third current to flow through the second global electrode. 7. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first high voltage is lower than the second high voltage and higher than the third high voltage. 8. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first low voltage is higher than the second and third low voltages, and the second low voltage is equal to or lower than the third low voltage,
wherein the third current is less than the second current and greater than the first current. 9. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
a difference between the first high voltage and the first low voltage corresponds to the preselection voltage; a difference between the second high voltage and the second low voltage corresponds to the reset write voltage; and a difference between the third high voltage and the third low voltage corresponds to the set write voltage. 10. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preselection voltage corresponds to a reset distribution maximum voltage. 11. An operating method of a nonvolatile memory apparatus, the operating method comprising:
applying a preselection voltage to a selected memory cell, the preselection voltage corresponding to a reset distribution maximum voltage; sensing whether the selected memory cell was snapped back; and selectively performing a reset write operation and a set write operation on the selected memory cell, based on write data and whether the selected memory cell was snapped back, and interrupting the preselection voltage applied to the selected memory cell. 12. The operating method according to claim 11, wherein selectively performing a reset write operation and a set write operation comprises performing one of the reset write operation and the set write operation on the selected memory cell based on the write data, when the selected memory cell was snapped back. 13. The operating method according to claim 11, wherein selectively performing a reset write operation and a set write operation comprises applying no voltage and no current to the selected memory cell, when the selected memory cell is not snapped back. 14. A nonvolatile memory apparatus comprising:
a write control circuit configured to:
generate a preselection signal based on a write signal;
generate one of a reset write signal and a set write signal, when a sensing signal is enabled; and
disable the preselection signal and generate none of the reset write signal and the set write signal, when the sensing signal is disabled;
a sense amplifier configured to sense whether a memory cell was snapped back and generate the sensing signal; and a write driver configured to:
perform a preselection operation on a selected memory cell based on the preselection signal;
perform a reset write operation on the selected memory cell based on the reset write signal; and
perform a set write operation on the selected memory cell based on the set write signal. 15. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the write control circuit comprises:
a write pulse generator configured to generate a reset pulse signal and a set pulse signal based on the write signal; a reset write signal generator configured to generate the reset write signal based on the reset pulse signal, the write data, and the sensing signal; a set write signal generator configured to generate the set write signal based on the set pulse signal, the write data, and the sensing signal; and a preselection signal generator configured to generate the preselection signal based on at least one of the write signal, the reset pulse signal and the set pulse signal. 16. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the write driver is configured to:
provide a preselection voltage and a first current to the selected to memory cell based on the preselection signal; provide a reset write voltage and a second current to the selected memory cell based on the reset write signal; and provide a set write voltage and a third current to the selected memory cell based on the set write signal. 17. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the preselection voltage is lower than the reset write voltage and higher than the set write voltage,
wherein the third current is greater than the first current and less than the second current. 18. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the preselection voltage corresponds to a reset distribution maximum voltage. 19. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the write driver comprises:
a first global control circuit configured to apply one of a first high voltage, a second high voltage and a third high voltage to a first global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal; and a second global control circuit configured to apply one of a first low voltage, a second low voltage, and a third low voltage to a second global electrode coupled to the selected memory cell based on the preselection signal, the reset write signal, and the set write signal, and configured to control one of a first current, a second current, and a third current to flow through the second global electrode. 20. The nonvolatile memory apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the first high voltage is lower than the second high voltage and higher than the third high voltage,
wherein the first low voltage is higher than the second and third low voltages, and the second low voltage is equal to or lower than the third low voltage, wherein the third current is less than the second current and greater than an amount of the first current. | 2,800 |
344,187 | 16,803,643 | 2,844 | A liquid ejecting head includes: a flow channel forming substrate that forms an individual flow channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, a first common liquid chamber, and a second common liquid chamber; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, in which the first common liquid chamber is coupled to the second common liquid chamber via the individual flow channel, a compliance of the first common liquid chamber is larger than a compliance of the second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel, a flow channel resistance between a first coupling portion with the first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than a flow channel resistance between a second coupling portion with the second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. | 1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms an individual flow channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, a first common liquid chamber, and a second common liquid chamber; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein the first common liquid chamber is coupled to the second common liquid chamber via the individual flow channel, a compliance of the first common liquid chamber is larger than a compliance of the second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel, a flow channel resistance between a first coupling portion with the first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than a flow channel resistance between a second coupling portion with the second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 2. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms an individual flow channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, a first common liquid chamber, and a second common liquid chamber; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein the first common liquid chamber is coupled to the second common liquid chamber via the individual flow channel, a compliance of the first common liquid chamber is larger than a compliance of the second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel, an inertance between a first coupling portion with the first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between a second coupling portion with the second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
in the individual flow channel, an inertance between the first coupling portion and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion and the pressure chamber. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the individual flow channel branches off to the second coupling portion and the nozzle at a branching point between the pressure chamber and the second coupling portion, and an inertance between the first coupling portion and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion and the branching point in the individual flow channel. 5. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms a plurality of individual flow channels each including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, M (M is an integer of 1 or more) first common liquid chambers, and N (N is an integer of 1 or more) second common liquid chambers; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein at least one of the plurality of individual flow channels constitutes an individual flow channel group, and couples corresponding one of the M first common liquid chambers and corresponding one of the N second common liquid chambers, a representative first common liquid chamber, which is one of the M first common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of n (n is an integer of 1 or more and N or less) second common liquid chambers among the N second common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a representative second common liquid chamber, which is one of the n second common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of m (m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less) first common liquid chambers including the representative first common liquid chamber among the M first common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a compliance of the representative first common liquid chamber is larger than n/m times a compliance of the representative second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, a flow channel resistance between a first coupling portion with the representative first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than a flow channel resistance between a second coupling portion with the representative second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 6. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms a plurality of individual flow channels each including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, M (M is an integer of 1 or more) first common liquid chambers, and N (N is an integer of 1 or more) second common liquid chambers; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein at least one of the plurality of individual flow channels constitutes an individual flow channel group, and couples at least corresponding one of the M first common liquid chambers and at least corresponding one of the N second common liquid chambers, a representative first common liquid chamber, which is one of the M first common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of n (n is an integer of 1 or more and N or less) second common liquid chambers among the N second common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a representative second common liquid chamber, which is one of the n second common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of m (m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less) first common liquid chambers including the representative first common liquid chamber among the M first common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a compliance of the representative first common liquid chamber is larger than n/m times a compliance of the representative second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, an inertance between a first coupling portion with the representative first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between a second coupling portion with the representative second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, an inertance between the first coupling portion with the representative first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion with the representative second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
the individual flow channel branches off to the second coupling portion and the nozzle at a branching point between the pressure chamber and the second coupling portion, and in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, an inertance between the first coupling portion and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion and the branching point in the individual flow channel. 9. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
M is 2, N is 1, m is 2, and n is 1, and an electrode electrically coupled to the pressure generating element is disposed at a position overlapping the second common liquid chamber in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed. 10. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
a first dimension that is a dimension of the first common liquid chamber in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed is larger than a second dimension that is a dimension of the second common liquid chamber in the direction. 11. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 10, wherein
the first dimension is equal to or larger than 3 times the second dimension. 12. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 10, wherein
the second dimension is 1 mm or less. 13. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
when, in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed, a direction from the pressure generating element to the nozzle surface is one direction, and a direction from the nozzle surface to the pressure generating element is another direction, the first common liquid chamber has an internal space extending both in the one direction from the pressure generating element and in the other direction from the pressure generating element, and the second common liquid chamber has an internal space extending in the one direction from the pressure generating element. 14. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first flow channel substrate in which the first common liquid chamber and the second common liquid chamber are formed; and a second flow channel substrate in which the first common liquid chamber is formed and the second common liquid chamber is not formed, wherein the first flow channel substrate and the second flow channel substrate are stacked in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed. 15. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 14, wherein
materials of the first flow channel substrate and the second flow channel substrate are different from each other. 16. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1; a liquid storage container that stores a liquid supplied to the liquid ejecting head; and a pump by which the liquid circulates between the liquid ejecting head and the liquid storage container. | A liquid ejecting head includes: a flow channel forming substrate that forms an individual flow channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, a first common liquid chamber, and a second common liquid chamber; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, in which the first common liquid chamber is coupled to the second common liquid chamber via the individual flow channel, a compliance of the first common liquid chamber is larger than a compliance of the second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel, a flow channel resistance between a first coupling portion with the first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than a flow channel resistance between a second coupling portion with the second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber.1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms an individual flow channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, a first common liquid chamber, and a second common liquid chamber; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein the first common liquid chamber is coupled to the second common liquid chamber via the individual flow channel, a compliance of the first common liquid chamber is larger than a compliance of the second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel, a flow channel resistance between a first coupling portion with the first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than a flow channel resistance between a second coupling portion with the second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 2. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms an individual flow channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, a first common liquid chamber, and a second common liquid chamber; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein the first common liquid chamber is coupled to the second common liquid chamber via the individual flow channel, a compliance of the first common liquid chamber is larger than a compliance of the second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel, an inertance between a first coupling portion with the first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between a second coupling portion with the second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
in the individual flow channel, an inertance between the first coupling portion and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion and the pressure chamber. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the individual flow channel branches off to the second coupling portion and the nozzle at a branching point between the pressure chamber and the second coupling portion, and an inertance between the first coupling portion and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion and the branching point in the individual flow channel. 5. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms a plurality of individual flow channels each including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, M (M is an integer of 1 or more) first common liquid chambers, and N (N is an integer of 1 or more) second common liquid chambers; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein at least one of the plurality of individual flow channels constitutes an individual flow channel group, and couples corresponding one of the M first common liquid chambers and corresponding one of the N second common liquid chambers, a representative first common liquid chamber, which is one of the M first common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of n (n is an integer of 1 or more and N or less) second common liquid chambers among the N second common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a representative second common liquid chamber, which is one of the n second common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of m (m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less) first common liquid chambers including the representative first common liquid chamber among the M first common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a compliance of the representative first common liquid chamber is larger than n/m times a compliance of the representative second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, a flow channel resistance between a first coupling portion with the representative first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than a flow channel resistance between a second coupling portion with the representative second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 6. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a flow channel forming substrate that forms a plurality of individual flow channels each including a nozzle and a pressure chamber, M (M is an integer of 1 or more) first common liquid chambers, and N (N is an integer of 1 or more) second common liquid chambers; and a pressure generating element that causes a pressure change in a liquid in the pressure chamber, wherein at least one of the plurality of individual flow channels constitutes an individual flow channel group, and couples at least corresponding one of the M first common liquid chambers and at least corresponding one of the N second common liquid chambers, a representative first common liquid chamber, which is one of the M first common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of n (n is an integer of 1 or more and N or less) second common liquid chambers among the N second common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a representative second common liquid chamber, which is one of the n second common liquid chambers, is coupled to each of m (m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less) first common liquid chambers including the representative first common liquid chamber among the M first common liquid chambers via corresponding one of the individual flow channels constituting the individual flow channel group, a compliance of the representative first common liquid chamber is larger than n/m times a compliance of the representative second common liquid chamber, and in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, an inertance between a first coupling portion with the representative first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between a second coupling portion with the representative second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, an inertance between the first coupling portion with the representative first common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion with the representative second common liquid chamber and the pressure chamber. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
the individual flow channel branches off to the second coupling portion and the nozzle at a branching point between the pressure chamber and the second coupling portion, and in the individual flow channel constituting the individual flow channel group between the representative first common liquid chamber and the representative second common liquid chamber, an inertance between the first coupling portion and the pressure chamber is smaller than an inertance between the second coupling portion and the branching point in the individual flow channel. 9. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
M is 2, N is 1, m is 2, and n is 1, and an electrode electrically coupled to the pressure generating element is disposed at a position overlapping the second common liquid chamber in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed. 10. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
a first dimension that is a dimension of the first common liquid chamber in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed is larger than a second dimension that is a dimension of the second common liquid chamber in the direction. 11. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 10, wherein
the first dimension is equal to or larger than 3 times the second dimension. 12. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 10, wherein
the second dimension is 1 mm or less. 13. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
when, in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed, a direction from the pressure generating element to the nozzle surface is one direction, and a direction from the nozzle surface to the pressure generating element is another direction, the first common liquid chamber has an internal space extending both in the one direction from the pressure generating element and in the other direction from the pressure generating element, and the second common liquid chamber has an internal space extending in the one direction from the pressure generating element. 14. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first flow channel substrate in which the first common liquid chamber and the second common liquid chamber are formed; and a second flow channel substrate in which the first common liquid chamber is formed and the second common liquid chamber is not formed, wherein the first flow channel substrate and the second flow channel substrate are stacked in a direction perpendicular to a nozzle surface at which the nozzle is formed. 15. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 14, wherein
materials of the first flow channel substrate and the second flow channel substrate are different from each other. 16. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1; a liquid storage container that stores a liquid supplied to the liquid ejecting head; and a pump by which the liquid circulates between the liquid ejecting head and the liquid storage container. | 2,800 |
344,188 | 16,803,563 | 2,844 | A display system is configured to direct a plurality of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into a viewer's eye. The parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images provide different parallax views of a virtual object, and impinge on the pupil from different angles. In the aggregate, the wavefronts of light forming the images approximate a continuous divergent wavefront and provide selectable accommodation cues for the user, depending on the amount of parallax disparity between the intra-pupil images. The amount of parallax disparity may be selected using an array of shutters that selectively regulate the entry of image light into an eye. Each opened shutter in the array provides a different intra-pupil image, and the locations of the open shutters provide the desired amount of parallax disparity between the images. In some other embodiments, the images may be formed by an emissive micro-display. Each pixel formed by the micro-display may be formed by one of a group of light emitters, which are at different locations such that the emitted light takes different paths to the eye, the different paths providing different amounts of parallax disparity. | 1. A head-mounted display system comprising:
an image projection system comprising:
a micro-display configured to output image light defining images; and
projection optics configured to direct the image light from the micro-display for propagation to an eye of a viewer; and
an array of selectively-activated shutters for selectively transmitting the image light to the eye from different locations, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters is disposed within an eye-box volume of the projection optics. 2. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a control system comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display system to perform operations comprising:
determining a desired depth plane for a virtual object; determining shutters of the array of selectively-activated shutters to be opened based upon the desired depth plane; synchronizing presentation of different images, by the image projection system, with opening of different ones of the shutters, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 3. The display system of claim 1, wherein the shutters are moveable physical structures. 4. The display system of claim 3, wherein the physical structures are mems-based micro-mechanical structures. 5. The display system of claim 3, wherein the shutters are ferro-electric shutters. 6. The display system of claim 1, wherein the shutters comprise chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 7. The display system of claim 6, wherein the chemical species comprise liquid crystals, wherein the shutters are formed by pixels of a pixelated liquid crystal display. 8. The display system of claim 1, wherein the micro-display is an emissive micro-display comprising an array of light emitters. 9. The display system of claim 8, wherein the light emitters are micro-LEDs. 10. The display system of claim 8, further comprising an array of light collimators between the light emitters and the projection optics. 11. The display system of claim 10, wherein each of the array of light collimators extends across a plurality of the light emitters, wherein each light collimator corresponds to a pixel in images outputted by the image projection system. 12. The display system of claim 1, wherein the micro-display is one of a plurality of monochrome micro-displays forming the projection system, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is configured to emit light of a different component color. 13. The display system of claim 12, further comprising an X-cube prism, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is arranged to output image light into a different face of the X-cube prism. 14. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a pupil relay combiner eyepiece configured to relay the image light to the eye of the viewer, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters are configured to regulate propagation of the image light to the pupil relay combiner eyepiece. 15. The display system of claim 14, wherein the pupil relay combiner eyepiece comprises a waveguide comprising:
in-coupling optical elements for in-coupling the image light into the waveguide; and out-coupling optical elements for out-coupling in-coupled image light out of the waveguide. 16. The display system of claim 15, wherein the waveguide is one of a plurality of waveguides comprising in-coupling optical elements and out-coupling optical elements. 17. The display system of claim 1, wherein the projection system has a pupil diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm. 18. A method for displaying image content, the method comprising:
injecting, from a head-mounted display system, a set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images of a virtual object into an eye of a viewer, wherein each image of the intra-pupil images is provided by:
forming the image on a micro-display of the head-mounted display system;
outputting image light from the micro-display through projection optics; and
opening a shutter of an array of shutters to propagate image light through the opened shutter to the eye, wherein the array of shutters is disposed within an eye box volume of the projection optics,
wherein different images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images propagate through different opened shutters. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein all images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images are injected into the eye within a flicker fusion threshold. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the flicker fusion threshold is 1/60 of a second. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining a desired depth plane for the virtual object to be displayed to the viewer; determining shutters of the array of selectively-activated shutters to be opened based upon the desired depth plane; and synchronizing presentation of different ones of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images with opening of different ones of the shutters. 22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining a gaze of the eye using an eye tracking sensor; and selecting content for the intra-pupil images based upon the determined gaze of the eye. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the micro-display is an emissive micro-display. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the array of shutters comprises selectively-movable physical structures. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the array of shutters comprises chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 27. A head-mounted display system comprising:
a micro-display comprising an array of groups of light emitters; an array of light collimators overlying the light emitters, wherein each light collimator is associated with one of the groups of light emitters and extends across all light emitters of the associated group of light emitters; projection optics, wherein the array of light collimators is between the light emitters and the projection optics, wherein the display system is configured to display a virtual object on a depth plane by injecting a set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images of the object into an eye of a viewer. 28. The display system of claim 27, further comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display system to perform operations comprising:
determining light emitters of each of the groups of light emitters to activate based upon a desired level of parallax disparity for images formed by light emitters; activating a first light emitter of the groups of light emitters to form a first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image; and activating a second light emitter of the groups of light emitters to form a second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image, wherein the first and second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images provide different views of the virtual object. 29. The display system of claim 27, wherein activating the first light emitter of the groups of light emitters overlaps in time with activating the second light emitter of the groups of light emitters, to inject the first and second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into the eye simultaneously. 30. The display system of claim 27, wherein the light collimators are lenslets. 31. The display system of claim 27, further comprising an array of selectively-activated shutters for selectively transmitting the image light to the eye from different locations, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters is disposed within an eye-box volume of the projection optics. 32. The display system of claim 31, wherein the array of shutters comprises selectively-movable physical structures. 33. The display system of claim 31, wherein the array of shutters comprises chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 34. The display system of claim 31, further comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display system to perform operations comprising:
determining a desired depth plane for a virtual object; determining shutters of the array of selectively-activated shutters to be opened based upon the desired depth plane; synchronizing presentation of different images, by the image projection system, with opening of different ones of the shutters, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 35. The display system of claim 27, wherein the light collimators are lenticular lenslets configured to provide different beams of light, from light emitters of an associated group of light emitters, to different locations along a first axis,
wherein the array of shutters are arranged to form subpupils along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. 36. The display system of claim 27, wherein the micro-display is an emissive micro-display, wherein the light emitters are micro-LEDs. 37. The display system of claim 27, wherein the micro-display is one of a plurality of monochrome micro-displays, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is configured to emit light of a different component color. 38. The display system of claim 37, further comprising an X-cube prism, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is arranged to output image light into a different face of the X-cube prism. 39. The display system of claim 27, further comprising a pupil relay combiner eyepiece configured to relay the image light to the eye of the viewer, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters are configured to regulate propagation of the image light to the pupil relay combiner eyepiece. 40. The display system of claim 39, wherein the pupil relay combiner eyepiece comprises a waveguide comprising:
in-coupling optical elements for in-coupling the image light into the waveguide; and out-coupling optical elements for out-coupling in-coupled image light out of the waveguide. 41. The display system of claim 40, wherein the waveguide is one of a plurality of waveguides comprising in-coupling optical elements and out-coupling optical elements. 42. A method for displaying image content, the method comprising:
injecting, from a head-mounted display system, a set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into an eye of a viewer, wherein injecting the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images comprises:
providing an array of groups of light emitters;
providing an array of light collimators overlying the light emitters, wherein each light collimator is associated with a group of the light emitters;
providing projection optics, wherein the array of light collimators is between the array of groups of light emitters and the projection optics,
injecting a first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image into the eye by emitting light from a first light emitter of the groups of light emitters; and
injecting a second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image into the eye by emitting light from a second light emitter of the groups of light emitters. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein each of the images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images are injected into the eye at different angles and all images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images are injected into the eye within a flicker fusion threshold. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the flicker fusion threshold is 1/60 of a second. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein injecting the first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image and injecting the second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image are performed simultaneously. 47. The method of claim 42, further comprising providing an array of selectively-activated shutters for selectively transmitting the image light to the eye from different locations, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters is disposed within an eye-box volume of the projection optics. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the light collimators are lenticular lenslets configured to provide different beams of light, from light emitters of an associated group of light emitters, to different locations along a first axis, wherein the array of shutters are arranged to form subpupils along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising spatially-multiplexing multiple images formed by different light emitters of the groups of light emitters to localize a display subpupil along the first axis, and temporally-multiplexing multiple images by synchronizing opening of the shutters with activation of corresponding light emitters. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the array of shutters comprises selectively-movable physical structures. 51. The method of claim 47, wherein the array of shutters comprises chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 52. The method of claim 42, wherein injecting the first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image and injecting the second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image comprise routing light from the light emitters to the eye through a pupil relay combiner eyepiece. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the pupil relay combiner eyepiece comprises a waveguide comprising:
in-coupling optical elements for in-coupling the image light into the waveguide; and out-coupling optical elements for out-coupling in-coupled image light out of the waveguide. 54. The method of claim 42, further comprising injecting, from the head-mounted display system, a second set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into a second eye of a viewer. | A display system is configured to direct a plurality of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into a viewer's eye. The parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images provide different parallax views of a virtual object, and impinge on the pupil from different angles. In the aggregate, the wavefronts of light forming the images approximate a continuous divergent wavefront and provide selectable accommodation cues for the user, depending on the amount of parallax disparity between the intra-pupil images. The amount of parallax disparity may be selected using an array of shutters that selectively regulate the entry of image light into an eye. Each opened shutter in the array provides a different intra-pupil image, and the locations of the open shutters provide the desired amount of parallax disparity between the images. In some other embodiments, the images may be formed by an emissive micro-display. Each pixel formed by the micro-display may be formed by one of a group of light emitters, which are at different locations such that the emitted light takes different paths to the eye, the different paths providing different amounts of parallax disparity.1. A head-mounted display system comprising:
an image projection system comprising:
a micro-display configured to output image light defining images; and
projection optics configured to direct the image light from the micro-display for propagation to an eye of a viewer; and
an array of selectively-activated shutters for selectively transmitting the image light to the eye from different locations, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters is disposed within an eye-box volume of the projection optics. 2. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a control system comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display system to perform operations comprising:
determining a desired depth plane for a virtual object; determining shutters of the array of selectively-activated shutters to be opened based upon the desired depth plane; synchronizing presentation of different images, by the image projection system, with opening of different ones of the shutters, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 3. The display system of claim 1, wherein the shutters are moveable physical structures. 4. The display system of claim 3, wherein the physical structures are mems-based micro-mechanical structures. 5. The display system of claim 3, wherein the shutters are ferro-electric shutters. 6. The display system of claim 1, wherein the shutters comprise chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 7. The display system of claim 6, wherein the chemical species comprise liquid crystals, wherein the shutters are formed by pixels of a pixelated liquid crystal display. 8. The display system of claim 1, wherein the micro-display is an emissive micro-display comprising an array of light emitters. 9. The display system of claim 8, wherein the light emitters are micro-LEDs. 10. The display system of claim 8, further comprising an array of light collimators between the light emitters and the projection optics. 11. The display system of claim 10, wherein each of the array of light collimators extends across a plurality of the light emitters, wherein each light collimator corresponds to a pixel in images outputted by the image projection system. 12. The display system of claim 1, wherein the micro-display is one of a plurality of monochrome micro-displays forming the projection system, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is configured to emit light of a different component color. 13. The display system of claim 12, further comprising an X-cube prism, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is arranged to output image light into a different face of the X-cube prism. 14. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a pupil relay combiner eyepiece configured to relay the image light to the eye of the viewer, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters are configured to regulate propagation of the image light to the pupil relay combiner eyepiece. 15. The display system of claim 14, wherein the pupil relay combiner eyepiece comprises a waveguide comprising:
in-coupling optical elements for in-coupling the image light into the waveguide; and out-coupling optical elements for out-coupling in-coupled image light out of the waveguide. 16. The display system of claim 15, wherein the waveguide is one of a plurality of waveguides comprising in-coupling optical elements and out-coupling optical elements. 17. The display system of claim 1, wherein the projection system has a pupil diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm. 18. A method for displaying image content, the method comprising:
injecting, from a head-mounted display system, a set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images of a virtual object into an eye of a viewer, wherein each image of the intra-pupil images is provided by:
forming the image on a micro-display of the head-mounted display system;
outputting image light from the micro-display through projection optics; and
opening a shutter of an array of shutters to propagate image light through the opened shutter to the eye, wherein the array of shutters is disposed within an eye box volume of the projection optics,
wherein different images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images propagate through different opened shutters. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein all images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images are injected into the eye within a flicker fusion threshold. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the flicker fusion threshold is 1/60 of a second. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining a desired depth plane for the virtual object to be displayed to the viewer; determining shutters of the array of selectively-activated shutters to be opened based upon the desired depth plane; and synchronizing presentation of different ones of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images with opening of different ones of the shutters. 22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining a gaze of the eye using an eye tracking sensor; and selecting content for the intra-pupil images based upon the determined gaze of the eye. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the micro-display is an emissive micro-display. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the array of shutters comprises selectively-movable physical structures. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the array of shutters comprises chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 27. A head-mounted display system comprising:
a micro-display comprising an array of groups of light emitters; an array of light collimators overlying the light emitters, wherein each light collimator is associated with one of the groups of light emitters and extends across all light emitters of the associated group of light emitters; projection optics, wherein the array of light collimators is between the light emitters and the projection optics, wherein the display system is configured to display a virtual object on a depth plane by injecting a set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images of the object into an eye of a viewer. 28. The display system of claim 27, further comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display system to perform operations comprising:
determining light emitters of each of the groups of light emitters to activate based upon a desired level of parallax disparity for images formed by light emitters; activating a first light emitter of the groups of light emitters to form a first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image; and activating a second light emitter of the groups of light emitters to form a second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image, wherein the first and second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images provide different views of the virtual object. 29. The display system of claim 27, wherein activating the first light emitter of the groups of light emitters overlaps in time with activating the second light emitter of the groups of light emitters, to inject the first and second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into the eye simultaneously. 30. The display system of claim 27, wherein the light collimators are lenslets. 31. The display system of claim 27, further comprising an array of selectively-activated shutters for selectively transmitting the image light to the eye from different locations, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters is disposed within an eye-box volume of the projection optics. 32. The display system of claim 31, wherein the array of shutters comprises selectively-movable physical structures. 33. The display system of claim 31, wherein the array of shutters comprises chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 34. The display system of claim 31, further comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display system to perform operations comprising:
determining a desired depth plane for a virtual object; determining shutters of the array of selectively-activated shutters to be opened based upon the desired depth plane; synchronizing presentation of different images, by the image projection system, with opening of different ones of the shutters, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 35. The display system of claim 27, wherein the light collimators are lenticular lenslets configured to provide different beams of light, from light emitters of an associated group of light emitters, to different locations along a first axis,
wherein the array of shutters are arranged to form subpupils along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. 36. The display system of claim 27, wherein the micro-display is an emissive micro-display, wherein the light emitters are micro-LEDs. 37. The display system of claim 27, wherein the micro-display is one of a plurality of monochrome micro-displays, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is configured to emit light of a different component color. 38. The display system of claim 37, further comprising an X-cube prism, wherein each of the monochrome micro-displays is arranged to output image light into a different face of the X-cube prism. 39. The display system of claim 27, further comprising a pupil relay combiner eyepiece configured to relay the image light to the eye of the viewer, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters are configured to regulate propagation of the image light to the pupil relay combiner eyepiece. 40. The display system of claim 39, wherein the pupil relay combiner eyepiece comprises a waveguide comprising:
in-coupling optical elements for in-coupling the image light into the waveguide; and out-coupling optical elements for out-coupling in-coupled image light out of the waveguide. 41. The display system of claim 40, wherein the waveguide is one of a plurality of waveguides comprising in-coupling optical elements and out-coupling optical elements. 42. A method for displaying image content, the method comprising:
injecting, from a head-mounted display system, a set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into an eye of a viewer, wherein injecting the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images comprises:
providing an array of groups of light emitters;
providing an array of light collimators overlying the light emitters, wherein each light collimator is associated with a group of the light emitters;
providing projection optics, wherein the array of light collimators is between the array of groups of light emitters and the projection optics,
injecting a first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image into the eye by emitting light from a first light emitter of the groups of light emitters; and
injecting a second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image into the eye by emitting light from a second light emitter of the groups of light emitters. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein each of the images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images are injected into the eye at different angles and all images of the set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images are injected into the eye within a flicker fusion threshold. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the flicker fusion threshold is 1/60 of a second. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the different images provide different views of the virtual object. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein injecting the first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image and injecting the second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image are performed simultaneously. 47. The method of claim 42, further comprising providing an array of selectively-activated shutters for selectively transmitting the image light to the eye from different locations, wherein the array of selectively-activated shutters is disposed within an eye-box volume of the projection optics. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the light collimators are lenticular lenslets configured to provide different beams of light, from light emitters of an associated group of light emitters, to different locations along a first axis, wherein the array of shutters are arranged to form subpupils along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising spatially-multiplexing multiple images formed by different light emitters of the groups of light emitters to localize a display subpupil along the first axis, and temporally-multiplexing multiple images by synchronizing opening of the shutters with activation of corresponding light emitters. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the array of shutters comprises selectively-movable physical structures. 51. The method of claim 47, wherein the array of shutters comprises chemical species having reversibly changeable states, the states providing different amounts of light transmission. 52. The method of claim 42, wherein injecting the first parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image and injecting the second parallactically-disparate intra-pupil image comprise routing light from the light emitters to the eye through a pupil relay combiner eyepiece. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the pupil relay combiner eyepiece comprises a waveguide comprising:
in-coupling optical elements for in-coupling the image light into the waveguide; and out-coupling optical elements for out-coupling in-coupled image light out of the waveguide. 54. The method of claim 42, further comprising injecting, from the head-mounted display system, a second set of parallactically-disparate intra-pupil images into a second eye of a viewer. | 2,800 |
344,189 | 16,803,590 | 2,844 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for control channel resource grouping and spatial relation configuration. Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE). The method generally includes receiving an indication of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth. Each grouping is associated with a spatial relation. The UE applies a spatial relation for a control channel transmission using one or more control channel resources in a grouping of the one or more groupings. The grouping is associated with the spatial relation. | 1. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an indication of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and applying a spatial relation for a control channel transmission using one or more control channel resources in a grouping of the one or more groupings, wherein the grouping is associated with the spatial relation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources comprise one or more physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more groupings comprises a subset of one or more control channel resources within the configured bandwidth. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the configured bandwidth comprises a bandwidth part (BWP). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more groupings comprises receiving an explicit indication of the one or more groupings. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings is received via one or more bitmaps. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more bitmaps indicate physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) identifiers (IDs) of the control channel resources included in the one or more groupings. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving an indication of one or more updated spatial relations; and receiving, for each updated spatial relation, one or more bitmaps or PUCCH identifiers (IDs) associated with at least one of the one of the one or more groupings. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving the one or more bitmaps or PUCCH IDs comprises receiving a plurality of bitmaps or PUCCH IDs associated with a plurality of groupings, of the one or more groupings, for at least one of the one or more updated spatial relations. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the indication of the one or more updated spatial relations, the one or more bitmaps or PUCCH IDs, or both is received via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises an implicit indication. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings is received via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the RRC signaling indicates, for each PUCCH resource, an associated spatial relation, and wherein the PUCCH resources having a same indicated spatial relation implicitly indicates a grouping. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the RRC signaling indicates, for each PUCCH resource, an associated group identifier (ID), and wherein the PUCCH resources having a same indicated group ID implicitly indicates a grouping. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving an indication of one or more updated spatial relations and receiving, for each updated spatial relation, one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) identifiers (IDs) associated with at least one grouping of the one or more of the groupings. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein receiving the one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH IDs comprises receiving a plurality of previously indicated spatial relations or a plurality of PUCCH IDs associated with a plurality of groupings for at least one updated spatial relation indication. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the indication of the one or more updated spatial relations, the one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH IDs, or both, is received via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 18. A method for wireless communication by a base station (BS), comprising:
sending an indication to a user equipment (UE) of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and receiving a control channel transmission, from the UE, using one or more control channel resources in a grouping, of the one or more groupings, the control channel transmission being based on the spatial relation associated with the grouping. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein at least one of the one or more groupings comprises a subset of one or more control channel resources within the configured bandwidth. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the configured bandwidth comprises at least one bandwidth part (BWP). 21. The method of claim 18, wherein sending the indication of the one or more groupings comprises sending an explicit indication of the one or more groupings. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings is sent via one or more bitmaps. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the one or more bitmaps indicate physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) identifiers (IDs) included in the one or more of the groupings. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises an implicit indication. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating, for each control channel resource, an associated spatial relation, and wherein the control channel resources having a same indicated spatial relation indicates a grouping. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising sending an indication of one or more updated spatial relations and receiving, for each updated spatial relation, one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH identifiers (IDs) associated with at least one grouping of the one or more of the groupings. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein sending the one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH IDs comprises sending a plurality of previously indicated spatial relations or a plurality of PUCCH IDs associated with a plurality of groupings for at least one updated spatial relation indication. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises sent via radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating, for each control channel resource, an associated group identifier (ID), and wherein the control channel resources having a same indicated group ID implicitly indicates a grouping. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled with the memory, the memory and the at least one processor configured to:
receive an indication of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and
apply a spatial relation for a control channel transmission using one or more control channel resources in a grouping of the one or more indicated groupings, wherein the grouping is associated with the spatial relation. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled with the memory, the memory and the at least one processor and configured to:
send an indication to another apparatus of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and
receive a control channel transmission, from the another apparatus, using one or more control channel resources in a grouping, of the one or more indicated groupings, the control channel transmission being based on the spatial relation associated with the grouping. | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for control channel resource grouping and spatial relation configuration. Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE). The method generally includes receiving an indication of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth. Each grouping is associated with a spatial relation. The UE applies a spatial relation for a control channel transmission using one or more control channel resources in a grouping of the one or more groupings. The grouping is associated with the spatial relation.1. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an indication of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and applying a spatial relation for a control channel transmission using one or more control channel resources in a grouping of the one or more groupings, wherein the grouping is associated with the spatial relation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources comprise one or more physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more groupings comprises a subset of one or more control channel resources within the configured bandwidth. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the configured bandwidth comprises a bandwidth part (BWP). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more groupings comprises receiving an explicit indication of the one or more groupings. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings is received via one or more bitmaps. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more bitmaps indicate physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) identifiers (IDs) of the control channel resources included in the one or more groupings. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving an indication of one or more updated spatial relations; and receiving, for each updated spatial relation, one or more bitmaps or PUCCH identifiers (IDs) associated with at least one of the one of the one or more groupings. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving the one or more bitmaps or PUCCH IDs comprises receiving a plurality of bitmaps or PUCCH IDs associated with a plurality of groupings, of the one or more groupings, for at least one of the one or more updated spatial relations. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the indication of the one or more updated spatial relations, the one or more bitmaps or PUCCH IDs, or both is received via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises an implicit indication. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings is received via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the RRC signaling indicates, for each PUCCH resource, an associated spatial relation, and wherein the PUCCH resources having a same indicated spatial relation implicitly indicates a grouping. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the RRC signaling indicates, for each PUCCH resource, an associated group identifier (ID), and wherein the PUCCH resources having a same indicated group ID implicitly indicates a grouping. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving an indication of one or more updated spatial relations and receiving, for each updated spatial relation, one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) identifiers (IDs) associated with at least one grouping of the one or more of the groupings. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein receiving the one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH IDs comprises receiving a plurality of previously indicated spatial relations or a plurality of PUCCH IDs associated with a plurality of groupings for at least one updated spatial relation indication. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the indication of the one or more updated spatial relations, the one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH IDs, or both, is received via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 18. A method for wireless communication by a base station (BS), comprising:
sending an indication to a user equipment (UE) of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and receiving a control channel transmission, from the UE, using one or more control channel resources in a grouping, of the one or more groupings, the control channel transmission being based on the spatial relation associated with the grouping. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein at least one of the one or more groupings comprises a subset of one or more control channel resources within the configured bandwidth. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the configured bandwidth comprises at least one bandwidth part (BWP). 21. The method of claim 18, wherein sending the indication of the one or more groupings comprises sending an explicit indication of the one or more groupings. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings is sent via one or more bitmaps. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the one or more bitmaps indicate physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) identifiers (IDs) included in the one or more of the groupings. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises an implicit indication. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating, for each control channel resource, an associated spatial relation, and wherein the control channel resources having a same indicated spatial relation indicates a grouping. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising sending an indication of one or more updated spatial relations and receiving, for each updated spatial relation, one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH identifiers (IDs) associated with at least one grouping of the one or more of the groupings. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein sending the one or more previously indicated spatial relations or one or more PUCCH IDs comprises sending a plurality of previously indicated spatial relations or a plurality of PUCCH IDs associated with a plurality of groupings for at least one updated spatial relation indication. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the indication of the one or more groupings comprises sent via radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating, for each control channel resource, an associated group identifier (ID), and wherein the control channel resources having a same indicated group ID implicitly indicates a grouping. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled with the memory, the memory and the at least one processor configured to:
receive an indication of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and
apply a spatial relation for a control channel transmission using one or more control channel resources in a grouping of the one or more indicated groupings, wherein the grouping is associated with the spatial relation. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled with the memory, the memory and the at least one processor and configured to:
send an indication to another apparatus of one or more groupings of one or more control channel resources within a configured bandwidth, each grouping being associated with a spatial relation; and
receive a control channel transmission, from the another apparatus, using one or more control channel resources in a grouping, of the one or more indicated groupings, the control channel transmission being based on the spatial relation associated with the grouping. | 2,800 |
344,190 | 16,803,546 | 2,844 | Systems and methods for surgical preparation are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access a repository surgical video footage. The processor may enable a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure and compare the case-specific information with data associated with the surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure. The processor may determine that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic and omit the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and include the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon to enable the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation. | 61. A computer-implemented method for surgical preparation, the method comprising:
accessing a repository of a plurality of sets of surgical video footage reflecting a plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients and including intraoperative surgical events, surgical outcomes, patient characteristics, surgeon characteristics, and intraoperative surgical event characteristics; enabling a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure; comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure; using the case-specific information and the identified group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered to identify specific frames in specific sets of the plurality of sets of surgical video footage corresponding to the identified group of intraoperative events, wherein the identified specific frames include frames from the plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients; determining that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic; omitting an inclusion of the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and including the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon; and enabling the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation containing frames from the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 62. The method of claim 61, further comprising enabling a display of a common surgical timeline including one or more chronological markers corresponding to one or more of the identified specific frames along the presentation. 63. The method of claim 61, wherein enabling the surgeon to view the presentation includes sequentially displaying discrete sets of video footage of the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein sequentially displaying discrete sets of video footage includes displaying an index of the discrete sets of video footage enabling the surgeon to select one or more of the discrete sets of video footage. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the index includes a timeline parsing the discrete sets into corresponding surgical phases and textual phase indicators. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the timeline includes an intraoperative surgical event marker corresponding to an intraoperative surgical event, and wherein the surgeon is enabled to click on the intraoperative surgical event marker to display at least one frame depicting the corresponding intraoperative surgical event. 67. The method of claim 61, wherein the case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure is received from an external device. 68. The method of claim 61, wherein comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage includes using an artificial neural network to identify the group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein using the artificial neural network includes providing the case-specific information to the artificial neural network as an input. 70. The method of claim 61, wherein the case-specific information includes a characteristic of a patient associated with the contemplated procedure. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the characteristic of the patient is received from a medical record of the patient. 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the case-specific information includes information relating to a surgical tool. 73. The method of claim 72, where the information relating to the surgical tool includes at least one of a tool type or a tool model. 74. The method of claim 71, wherein the common characteristic includes a characteristic of the differing patients. 75. The method of claim 61, wherein the common characteristic includes an intraoperative surgical event characteristic of the contemplated surgical procedure. 76. The method of claim 61, wherein determining that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic includes using an implementation of a machine learning model to identify the common characteristic. 77. The method of claim 76, wherein the method further comprises using example video footage to train the machine learning model to determine whether two sets of video footage share the common characteristic, and wherein implementing the machine learning model includes implementing the trained machine learning model. 78. The method of claim 61, wherein the method further comprises training a machine learning model to generate an index of the repository based on the intraoperative surgical events, the surgical outcomes, the patient characteristics, the surgeon characteristics, and the intraoperative surgical event characteristics; and generating the index of the repository, and wherein comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets includes searching the index. 79. A surgical preparation system, comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
access a repository of a plurality of sets of surgical video footage reflecting a plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients and including intraoperative surgical events, surgical outcomes, patient characteristics, surgeon characteristics, and intraoperative surgical event characteristics;
enable a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure;
compare the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure;
use the case-specific information and the identified group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered to identify specific frames in specific sets of the plurality of sets of surgical video footage corresponding to the identified group of intraoperative events, wherein the identified specific frames include frames from the plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients;
determine that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic;
omit an inclusion of the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and including the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon; and
enable the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation and including frames from the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 80. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling surgical preparation, the operations comprising:
accessing a repository of a plurality of sets of surgical video footage reflecting a plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients and including intraoperative surgical events, surgical outcomes, patient characteristics, surgeon characteristics, and intraoperative surgical event characteristics; enabling a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure; comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure; using the case-specific information and the identified group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered to identify specific frames in specific sets of the plurality of sets of surgical video footage corresponding to the identified group of intraoperative events, wherein the identified specific frames include frames from the plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients; determining that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic; omitting an inclusion of the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and including the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon; and enabling the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation and including frames from the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 81-282. (canceled) | Systems and methods for surgical preparation are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access a repository surgical video footage. The processor may enable a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure and compare the case-specific information with data associated with the surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure. The processor may determine that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic and omit the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and include the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon to enable the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation.61. A computer-implemented method for surgical preparation, the method comprising:
accessing a repository of a plurality of sets of surgical video footage reflecting a plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients and including intraoperative surgical events, surgical outcomes, patient characteristics, surgeon characteristics, and intraoperative surgical event characteristics; enabling a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure; comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure; using the case-specific information and the identified group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered to identify specific frames in specific sets of the plurality of sets of surgical video footage corresponding to the identified group of intraoperative events, wherein the identified specific frames include frames from the plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients; determining that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic; omitting an inclusion of the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and including the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon; and enabling the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation containing frames from the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 62. The method of claim 61, further comprising enabling a display of a common surgical timeline including one or more chronological markers corresponding to one or more of the identified specific frames along the presentation. 63. The method of claim 61, wherein enabling the surgeon to view the presentation includes sequentially displaying discrete sets of video footage of the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein sequentially displaying discrete sets of video footage includes displaying an index of the discrete sets of video footage enabling the surgeon to select one or more of the discrete sets of video footage. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the index includes a timeline parsing the discrete sets into corresponding surgical phases and textual phase indicators. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the timeline includes an intraoperative surgical event marker corresponding to an intraoperative surgical event, and wherein the surgeon is enabled to click on the intraoperative surgical event marker to display at least one frame depicting the corresponding intraoperative surgical event. 67. The method of claim 61, wherein the case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure is received from an external device. 68. The method of claim 61, wherein comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage includes using an artificial neural network to identify the group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein using the artificial neural network includes providing the case-specific information to the artificial neural network as an input. 70. The method of claim 61, wherein the case-specific information includes a characteristic of a patient associated with the contemplated procedure. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the characteristic of the patient is received from a medical record of the patient. 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the case-specific information includes information relating to a surgical tool. 73. The method of claim 72, where the information relating to the surgical tool includes at least one of a tool type or a tool model. 74. The method of claim 71, wherein the common characteristic includes a characteristic of the differing patients. 75. The method of claim 61, wherein the common characteristic includes an intraoperative surgical event characteristic of the contemplated surgical procedure. 76. The method of claim 61, wherein determining that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic includes using an implementation of a machine learning model to identify the common characteristic. 77. The method of claim 76, wherein the method further comprises using example video footage to train the machine learning model to determine whether two sets of video footage share the common characteristic, and wherein implementing the machine learning model includes implementing the trained machine learning model. 78. The method of claim 61, wherein the method further comprises training a machine learning model to generate an index of the repository based on the intraoperative surgical events, the surgical outcomes, the patient characteristics, the surgeon characteristics, and the intraoperative surgical event characteristics; and generating the index of the repository, and wherein comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets includes searching the index. 79. A surgical preparation system, comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
access a repository of a plurality of sets of surgical video footage reflecting a plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients and including intraoperative surgical events, surgical outcomes, patient characteristics, surgeon characteristics, and intraoperative surgical event characteristics;
enable a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure;
compare the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure;
use the case-specific information and the identified group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered to identify specific frames in specific sets of the plurality of sets of surgical video footage corresponding to the identified group of intraoperative events, wherein the identified specific frames include frames from the plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients;
determine that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic;
omit an inclusion of the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and including the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon; and
enable the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation and including frames from the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 80. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling surgical preparation, the operations comprising:
accessing a repository of a plurality of sets of surgical video footage reflecting a plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients and including intraoperative surgical events, surgical outcomes, patient characteristics, surgeon characteristics, and intraoperative surgical event characteristics; enabling a surgeon preparing for a contemplated surgical procedure to input case-specific information corresponding to the contemplated surgical procedure; comparing the case-specific information with data associated with the plurality of sets of surgical video footage to identify a group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered during the contemplated surgical procedure; using the case-specific information and the identified group of intraoperative events likely to be encountered to identify specific frames in specific sets of the plurality of sets of surgical video footage corresponding to the identified group of intraoperative events, wherein the identified specific frames include frames from the plurality of surgical procedures performed on differing patients; determining that a first set and a second set of video footage from differing patients contain frames associated with intraoperative events sharing a common characteristic; omitting an inclusion of the second set from a compilation to be presented to the surgeon and including the first set in the compilation to be presented to the surgeon; and enabling the surgeon to view a presentation including the compilation and including frames from the differing surgical procedures performed on differing patients. 81-282. (canceled) | 2,800 |
344,191 | 16,803,630 | 2,844 | One example method includes intercepting an IO issued by an application, writing the IO and IO metadata to a splitter journal in NVM, forwarding the IO to storage, and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO and IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. In this example, sending the IO and IO metadata from the journal to the replication site does not increase a latency associated with the operations on the IO path | 1. A method, comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application; writing the IO and IO metadata to a splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO and IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein sending the IO and IO metadata from the journal to the replication site does not increase a latency associated with the operations between the application and storage. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a splitter within an OS kernel of a VM performs the operations of: writing the IO and IO metadata to the splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and, sending the acknowledgement to the application. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO and IO metadata are transmitted from the splitter journal to the replication site on a path other than the IO path. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO and IO metadata are sent from the splitter journal to a replication site as part of a batch of IOs and IO metadata. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the NVM is either memory-accessed NVM, or storage-access NVM. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a splitter within an OS kernel of a VM, or an OS kernel of a physical machine. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgement from the storage after the IO has been forwarded to the storage; and sending an acknowledgement to the application after the acknowledgement has been received from the storage. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising experiencing a crash of a machine in connection with which the method is performed and, after restart of the machine, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the machine. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application; writing the IO and IO metadata to a splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO and IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein sending the IO and IO metadata from the journal to the replication site does not increase a latency associated with the operations on the IO path. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein a splitter within an OS kernel of a machine performs the operations of: writing the IO and IO metadata to the splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and, sending the acknowledgement to the application. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO and IO metadata are transmitted from the splitter journal to the replication site on a path other than the IO path. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO and IO metadata are sent from the splitter journal to a replication site as part of a batch of IOs and IO metadata. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the NVM is either memory-accessed NVM, or storage-access NVM. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations are performed by a splitter within an OS kernel of either a physical machine or a VM. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving an acknowledgement from the storage after the IO has been forwarded to the storage; and sending an acknowledgement to the application after the acknowledgement has been received from the storage. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise experiencing a crash of a machine in connection with which the non-transitory storage medium is performed and, after restart of the machine, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the machine. | One example method includes intercepting an IO issued by an application, writing the IO and IO metadata to a splitter journal in NVM, forwarding the IO to storage, and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO and IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. In this example, sending the IO and IO metadata from the journal to the replication site does not increase a latency associated with the operations on the IO path1. A method, comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application; writing the IO and IO metadata to a splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO and IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein sending the IO and IO metadata from the journal to the replication site does not increase a latency associated with the operations between the application and storage. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a splitter within an OS kernel of a VM performs the operations of: writing the IO and IO metadata to the splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and, sending the acknowledgement to the application. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO and IO metadata are transmitted from the splitter journal to the replication site on a path other than the IO path. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO and IO metadata are sent from the splitter journal to a replication site as part of a batch of IOs and IO metadata. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the NVM is either memory-accessed NVM, or storage-access NVM. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a splitter within an OS kernel of a VM, or an OS kernel of a physical machine. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgement from the storage after the IO has been forwarded to the storage; and sending an acknowledgement to the application after the acknowledgement has been received from the storage. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising experiencing a crash of a machine in connection with which the method is performed and, after restart of the machine, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the machine. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
intercepting an IO issued by an application; writing the IO and IO metadata to a splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and asynchronous with operations occurring along an IO path between the application and storage, evacuating the splitter journal by sending the IO and IO metadata from the splitter journal to a replication site. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein sending the IO and IO metadata from the journal to the replication site does not increase a latency associated with the operations on the IO path. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein a splitter within an OS kernel of a machine performs the operations of: writing the IO and IO metadata to the splitter journal in NVM; forwarding the IO to storage; and, sending the acknowledgement to the application. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO and IO metadata are transmitted from the splitter journal to the replication site on a path other than the IO path. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO path comprises a path between the application and a splitter, and a path between the splitter and the storage. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO and IO metadata are sent from the splitter journal to a replication site as part of a batch of IOs and IO metadata. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the NVM is either memory-accessed NVM, or storage-access NVM. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations are performed by a splitter within an OS kernel of either a physical machine or a VM. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving an acknowledgement from the storage after the IO has been forwarded to the storage; and sending an acknowledgement to the application after the acknowledgement has been received from the storage. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise experiencing a crash of a machine in connection with which the non-transitory storage medium is performed and, after restart of the machine, resuming evacuation of the splitter journal at a point where evacuation had previously ceased due to the crash of the machine. | 2,800 |
344,192 | 16,803,682 | 2,844 | Methods, systems, and devices that support efficient upload of firmware from memory are described. Multiple copies of a set of firmware may be stored across multiple planes of a memory device, such as with one respective copy within each of a set of planes. The copies may be staggered or otherwise offset in terms of page locations within the respective planes such that like-addressed pages within different planes store different subsets of the set of firmware. A controller may concurrently retrieve different subsets of the set of firmware, each of the different subsets included in a different copy, by concurrently retrieving the subsets stored at like-addressed pages within different memory planes. Upon loading the firmware code, the controller execute the firmware code to perform one or more further operations. | 1. A method, performed by a memory device, the method comprising:
reading a first subset of a set of firmware code from a first page of memory, wherein the first page has a first page address and is within a first plane of the memory device, and wherein the first plane stores a first copy of the set of firmware code; reading, concurrent with reading the first subset of the set of firmware code, a second subset of the set of firmware code from a second page of memory, wherein the second page has the first page address and is within a second plane of the memory device, and wherein the second plane stores a second copy of the set of firmware code; and loading the first subset of the set of firmware code, the second subset of the set of firmware code, or both, into cache memory for execution by a controller of the memory device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing a first bit stored in the first page with a second bit stored in the second page, the first bit representative of a firmware update status associated with the first page and the second bit representative of a firmware update status associated with the second page. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the first bit and the second bit have a same value; and reading, based at least in part on the first and second bits having the same value, additional subsets of the set of firmware code concurrently from additional pages of memory within the first and second planes, the additional pages each having a second page address. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the first bit and the second bit have different values; and reading, based at least in part on the first and second bits having different values, additional subsets of the set of firmware code from additional pages of memory within the first plane, the additional pages having different page addresses. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the second bit, that the second subset of the set of firmware code has been updated; and discarding the second subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on determining that the second subset of the set of firmware code has been updated. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
updating the first subset of the set of firmware code stored in the first page of the first plane; and changing a value of the first bit stored in the first page of the first plane based at least in part on updating the first subset of the set of firmware code. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an error associated with the second subset of the set of firmware code stored in the second page; and reading, based at least in part on detecting the error, a copy of the second subset of the set of firmware code from a third page of memory that is within the first plane and has a second page address. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reading a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page of memory that is within the first plane and has a second page address; and reading, concurrent with reading the third subset of the set of firmware code, a fourth subset of the set of firmware code from a fourth page of memory that is within the second plane and has the second page address. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reading, concurrent with reading the first and second subsets of the set of firmware code, a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page of memory that is within a third plane and has the first page address, wherein the third plane stores a third copy of the set of firmware code. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining that the third subset of the set of firmware code has a different update status than the first and second subsets of the set of firmware code; and omitting, based at least in part on the determination, the third plane from a subsequent set of concurrent read operations performed on pages within the first and second planes. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second planes share circuitry for decoding page addresses. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second planes are within a same memory die. 13. An apparatus, comprising:
a first memory plane operable to store a first copy of a set of firmware code; a second memory plane operable to store a second copy of the set of firmware code; and a controller coupled with the first memory plane and the second memory plane, the controller operable to:
initiate a first read operation to read a first subset of the set of firmware code from a first page with a first page address, wherein the first page is within the first memory plane;
initiate a second read operation to read, concurrent with the first read operation, a second subset of the set of firmware code from a second page with the first page address, wherein the second page is within the second memory plane; and
execute the first subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on the first read operation, the second subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on the second read operation, or both. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
determine that the first subset and the second subset of the set of firmware code have different update statuses; and initiate, based at least in part on the determination, a plurality of serial read operations to read additional subsets of the set of firmware code from a plurality of pages in the first memory plane. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
determine that the first subset and the second subset of the set of firmware code have matching update statuses; and initiate, based at least in part on the determination, a plurality of concurrent read operations to read additional subsets of the set of firmware code from pages in the first and second memory planes. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
initiate a first plurality of erase and write operations to update the first copy of the set of firmware code, the first plurality of write operations starting with the first page address; and initiate a second plurality of erase and write operations to update the second copy of the set of firmware code, the second plurality of write operations starting with a second page address. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first plurality of write operations are operable to change, in each page of the first memory plane, at least one logic value representing an update status for a respective subset of the set of firmware code; and wherein the second plurality of write operations are operable to change, in each page of the second memory plane, at least one logic value representing an update status for a respective subset of the set of firmware code. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein different subsets of the set of firmware code are written to memory cells associated with the first page address and memory cells associated with the second page address. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
initiate a third read operation to read a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page with a second page address, wherein the third page is within the first memory plane; and initiate a fourth read operation to read, concurrent with the third read operation, a fourth subset of the set of firmware code from a fourth page with the second page address, wherein the fourth page is within the second memory plane. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a third memory plane operable to store a third copy of the set of firmware code, wherein the controller is further operable to:
initiate a third read operation to read, concurrent with the first and second read operations, a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page with the first page address, wherein the third page is within the third memory plane; and
execute the third subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on the third read operation. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
circuitry operable to decode page addresses for read operations, wherein the circuitry is coupled with the first memory plane and the second memory plane. 22. An apparatus, comprising:
a first memory plane of a memory device; a second memory plane of the memory device; and a controller coupled with the first memory plane and the second memory plane, the controller operable to:
update a first copy of firmware stored in the first memory plane by writing a new version of the firmware to a first plurality of sequentially addressed pages within the first memory plane, the first plurality of sequentially addressed pages starting with a first page address; and
update a second copy of the firmware stored in a second memory plane by writing the new version of the firmware to a second plurality of sequentially addressed pages within the second memory plane, the second plurality of sequentially addressed pages starting with a second page address that is offset from the first page address. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the controller is further operable to:
change a value of a first bit stored in a first page with the first page address based at least in part on updating the first copy of the firmware, the first bit representative of an update status of the first page; and change a value of a second bit stored in second page with the second page address based at least in part on updating the second copy of the firmware, the second bit representative of an update status of the second page. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the controller is operable to update the first copy of the firmware based at least in part on:
writing a first subset of the firmware to a page with the first page address within the first memory plane; and writing a second subset of the firmware to a page with the second page address within the first memory plane. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the controller is operable to update the second copy of the firmware after updating the first copy, and wherein the controller is operable to update the second copy of the firmware based at least in part on:
writing the first subset of the firmware to a page with the second page address within the second memory plane; and writing the second subset of the firmware to a page with a third page address within the second memory plane. | Methods, systems, and devices that support efficient upload of firmware from memory are described. Multiple copies of a set of firmware may be stored across multiple planes of a memory device, such as with one respective copy within each of a set of planes. The copies may be staggered or otherwise offset in terms of page locations within the respective planes such that like-addressed pages within different planes store different subsets of the set of firmware. A controller may concurrently retrieve different subsets of the set of firmware, each of the different subsets included in a different copy, by concurrently retrieving the subsets stored at like-addressed pages within different memory planes. Upon loading the firmware code, the controller execute the firmware code to perform one or more further operations.1. A method, performed by a memory device, the method comprising:
reading a first subset of a set of firmware code from a first page of memory, wherein the first page has a first page address and is within a first plane of the memory device, and wherein the first plane stores a first copy of the set of firmware code; reading, concurrent with reading the first subset of the set of firmware code, a second subset of the set of firmware code from a second page of memory, wherein the second page has the first page address and is within a second plane of the memory device, and wherein the second plane stores a second copy of the set of firmware code; and loading the first subset of the set of firmware code, the second subset of the set of firmware code, or both, into cache memory for execution by a controller of the memory device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing a first bit stored in the first page with a second bit stored in the second page, the first bit representative of a firmware update status associated with the first page and the second bit representative of a firmware update status associated with the second page. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the first bit and the second bit have a same value; and reading, based at least in part on the first and second bits having the same value, additional subsets of the set of firmware code concurrently from additional pages of memory within the first and second planes, the additional pages each having a second page address. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the first bit and the second bit have different values; and reading, based at least in part on the first and second bits having different values, additional subsets of the set of firmware code from additional pages of memory within the first plane, the additional pages having different page addresses. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the second bit, that the second subset of the set of firmware code has been updated; and discarding the second subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on determining that the second subset of the set of firmware code has been updated. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
updating the first subset of the set of firmware code stored in the first page of the first plane; and changing a value of the first bit stored in the first page of the first plane based at least in part on updating the first subset of the set of firmware code. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an error associated with the second subset of the set of firmware code stored in the second page; and reading, based at least in part on detecting the error, a copy of the second subset of the set of firmware code from a third page of memory that is within the first plane and has a second page address. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reading a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page of memory that is within the first plane and has a second page address; and reading, concurrent with reading the third subset of the set of firmware code, a fourth subset of the set of firmware code from a fourth page of memory that is within the second plane and has the second page address. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reading, concurrent with reading the first and second subsets of the set of firmware code, a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page of memory that is within a third plane and has the first page address, wherein the third plane stores a third copy of the set of firmware code. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining that the third subset of the set of firmware code has a different update status than the first and second subsets of the set of firmware code; and omitting, based at least in part on the determination, the third plane from a subsequent set of concurrent read operations performed on pages within the first and second planes. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second planes share circuitry for decoding page addresses. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second planes are within a same memory die. 13. An apparatus, comprising:
a first memory plane operable to store a first copy of a set of firmware code; a second memory plane operable to store a second copy of the set of firmware code; and a controller coupled with the first memory plane and the second memory plane, the controller operable to:
initiate a first read operation to read a first subset of the set of firmware code from a first page with a first page address, wherein the first page is within the first memory plane;
initiate a second read operation to read, concurrent with the first read operation, a second subset of the set of firmware code from a second page with the first page address, wherein the second page is within the second memory plane; and
execute the first subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on the first read operation, the second subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on the second read operation, or both. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
determine that the first subset and the second subset of the set of firmware code have different update statuses; and initiate, based at least in part on the determination, a plurality of serial read operations to read additional subsets of the set of firmware code from a plurality of pages in the first memory plane. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
determine that the first subset and the second subset of the set of firmware code have matching update statuses; and initiate, based at least in part on the determination, a plurality of concurrent read operations to read additional subsets of the set of firmware code from pages in the first and second memory planes. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
initiate a first plurality of erase and write operations to update the first copy of the set of firmware code, the first plurality of write operations starting with the first page address; and initiate a second plurality of erase and write operations to update the second copy of the set of firmware code, the second plurality of write operations starting with a second page address. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first plurality of write operations are operable to change, in each page of the first memory plane, at least one logic value representing an update status for a respective subset of the set of firmware code; and wherein the second plurality of write operations are operable to change, in each page of the second memory plane, at least one logic value representing an update status for a respective subset of the set of firmware code. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein different subsets of the set of firmware code are written to memory cells associated with the first page address and memory cells associated with the second page address. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further operable to:
initiate a third read operation to read a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page with a second page address, wherein the third page is within the first memory plane; and initiate a fourth read operation to read, concurrent with the third read operation, a fourth subset of the set of firmware code from a fourth page with the second page address, wherein the fourth page is within the second memory plane. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a third memory plane operable to store a third copy of the set of firmware code, wherein the controller is further operable to:
initiate a third read operation to read, concurrent with the first and second read operations, a third subset of the set of firmware code from a third page with the first page address, wherein the third page is within the third memory plane; and
execute the third subset of the set of firmware code based at least in part on the third read operation. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
circuitry operable to decode page addresses for read operations, wherein the circuitry is coupled with the first memory plane and the second memory plane. 22. An apparatus, comprising:
a first memory plane of a memory device; a second memory plane of the memory device; and a controller coupled with the first memory plane and the second memory plane, the controller operable to:
update a first copy of firmware stored in the first memory plane by writing a new version of the firmware to a first plurality of sequentially addressed pages within the first memory plane, the first plurality of sequentially addressed pages starting with a first page address; and
update a second copy of the firmware stored in a second memory plane by writing the new version of the firmware to a second plurality of sequentially addressed pages within the second memory plane, the second plurality of sequentially addressed pages starting with a second page address that is offset from the first page address. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the controller is further operable to:
change a value of a first bit stored in a first page with the first page address based at least in part on updating the first copy of the firmware, the first bit representative of an update status of the first page; and change a value of a second bit stored in second page with the second page address based at least in part on updating the second copy of the firmware, the second bit representative of an update status of the second page. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the controller is operable to update the first copy of the firmware based at least in part on:
writing a first subset of the firmware to a page with the first page address within the first memory plane; and writing a second subset of the firmware to a page with the second page address within the first memory plane. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the controller is operable to update the second copy of the firmware after updating the first copy, and wherein the controller is operable to update the second copy of the firmware based at least in part on:
writing the first subset of the firmware to a page with the second page address within the second memory plane; and writing the second subset of the firmware to a page with a third page address within the second memory plane. | 2,800 |
344,193 | 16,803,653 | 2,894 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer. The laser light is scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending. The trajectory includes curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer. The laser light has a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer, the laser light being scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending, the trajectory including curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer, the laser light having a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the laser light is radiated from a laser device driven by a pulse current, the pulse current being continuous, the pulse current has a first period while the laser light illuminates a first region on the back surface of the wafer, and the pulse current has a second period longer than the first period while the laser light illuminates a second region on the back surface, a density of the trajectory being higher in the second region than in the first region. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the laser light is scanned as providing a trajectory intersecting multiple times at a center of the back surface of the wafer, the second region is positioned at the center of the back surface, and the first region surrounds the second region. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the wafer includes a third region positioned between the first region and the second region in the back surface, a density of the trajectory in the third region is higher than in the first region and lower than in the second region, and while the laser light illuminates the third region, the pulse current has a third period longer than the first period and shorter than the second period. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a boundary between the first region and the third region and a boundary between the second region and the third region each are provided with a concentric circle shape sharing a center of the back surface of the wafer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned as providing a trochoid on the back surface of the wafer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned on the back surface of the wafer as providing a trajectory expressed by 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trajectory of the laser light is provided continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the trajectory of the laser light has a curvature changing continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ion-implanting of the impurities is performed after forming a MOS structure including the metal layer on the front surface of the wafer. | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer. The laser light is scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending. The trajectory includes curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer. The laser light has a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer, the laser light being scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending, the trajectory including curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer, the laser light having a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the laser light is radiated from a laser device driven by a pulse current, the pulse current being continuous, the pulse current has a first period while the laser light illuminates a first region on the back surface of the wafer, and the pulse current has a second period longer than the first period while the laser light illuminates a second region on the back surface, a density of the trajectory being higher in the second region than in the first region. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the laser light is scanned as providing a trajectory intersecting multiple times at a center of the back surface of the wafer, the second region is positioned at the center of the back surface, and the first region surrounds the second region. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the wafer includes a third region positioned between the first region and the second region in the back surface, a density of the trajectory in the third region is higher than in the first region and lower than in the second region, and while the laser light illuminates the third region, the pulse current has a third period longer than the first period and shorter than the second period. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a boundary between the first region and the third region and a boundary between the second region and the third region each are provided with a concentric circle shape sharing a center of the back surface of the wafer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned as providing a trochoid on the back surface of the wafer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned on the back surface of the wafer as providing a trajectory expressed by 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trajectory of the laser light is provided continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the trajectory of the laser light has a curvature changing continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ion-implanting of the impurities is performed after forming a MOS structure including the metal layer on the front surface of the wafer. | 2,800 |
344,194 | 16,803,650 | 2,844 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer. The laser light is scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending. The trajectory includes curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer. The laser light has a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer, the laser light being scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending, the trajectory including curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer, the laser light having a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the laser light is radiated from a laser device driven by a pulse current, the pulse current being continuous, the pulse current has a first period while the laser light illuminates a first region on the back surface of the wafer, and the pulse current has a second period longer than the first period while the laser light illuminates a second region on the back surface, a density of the trajectory being higher in the second region than in the first region. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the laser light is scanned as providing a trajectory intersecting multiple times at a center of the back surface of the wafer, the second region is positioned at the center of the back surface, and the first region surrounds the second region. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the wafer includes a third region positioned between the first region and the second region in the back surface, a density of the trajectory in the third region is higher than in the first region and lower than in the second region, and while the laser light illuminates the third region, the pulse current has a third period longer than the first period and shorter than the second period. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a boundary between the first region and the third region and a boundary between the second region and the third region each are provided with a concentric circle shape sharing a center of the back surface of the wafer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned as providing a trochoid on the back surface of the wafer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned on the back surface of the wafer as providing a trajectory expressed by 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trajectory of the laser light is provided continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the trajectory of the laser light has a curvature changing continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ion-implanting of the impurities is performed after forming a MOS structure including the metal layer on the front surface of the wafer. | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer. The laser light is scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending. The trajectory includes curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer. The laser light has a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
ion-implanting impurities into a wafer through a back surface of the wafer, a metal layer being formed on a front surface of the wafer; and activating the impurities by laser light illuminating the back surface of the wafer, the laser light being scanned on the back surface as providing a trajectory without bending, the trajectory including curved portions intersecting in the back surface of the wafer, the laser light having a spot size on the back surface of the wafer, the spot size being larger than a distance between the curved portions adjacent to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the laser light is radiated from a laser device driven by a pulse current, the pulse current being continuous, the pulse current has a first period while the laser light illuminates a first region on the back surface of the wafer, and the pulse current has a second period longer than the first period while the laser light illuminates a second region on the back surface, a density of the trajectory being higher in the second region than in the first region. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the laser light is scanned as providing a trajectory intersecting multiple times at a center of the back surface of the wafer, the second region is positioned at the center of the back surface, and the first region surrounds the second region. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the wafer includes a third region positioned between the first region and the second region in the back surface, a density of the trajectory in the third region is higher than in the first region and lower than in the second region, and while the laser light illuminates the third region, the pulse current has a third period longer than the first period and shorter than the second period. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a boundary between the first region and the third region and a boundary between the second region and the third region each are provided with a concentric circle shape sharing a center of the back surface of the wafer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned as providing a trochoid on the back surface of the wafer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser light is scanned on the back surface of the wafer as providing a trajectory expressed by 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trajectory of the laser light is provided continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the trajectory of the laser light has a curvature changing continuously in the back surface of the wafer. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ion-implanting of the impurities is performed after forming a MOS structure including the metal layer on the front surface of the wafer. | 2,800 |
344,195 | 16,803,696 | 2,844 | Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a computer device capable of assessing, measuring, managing, and optimizing cyber risk. For example, certain embodiments described herein may guide risk assessment for individual organizations and for integrated elements of critical infrastructure. Certain embodiments may provide features that make it possible for policy makers and organizational leaders to assess a range of risks introduced by threat actors: a standardized system for classifying cyber threats and events by their effects, tools to associate organizational functions with information technology (IT) network maps or topologies, operations to assess the severity of disruptive and exploitative cyber events, and operations to understand the integrated nature of risk across different parts of a simple organization, across major divisions in a complex organization, or to display the interconnectedness of organizations in a complex system. | 1. A method for cyber risk analysis, comprising:
generating, by a computing device, a cyber strand based on input related to an organization, wherein the cyber strand identifies one or more devices in a network topology; generating one or more scenarios for the cyber strand; measuring an impact of each of the one or more scenarios on the cyber strand; generating a risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios based on the impact of the each of the one or more scenarios; and generating output based on the risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the input comprises information that identifies the one or more devices and the network topology, wherein the network topology is associated with a function of the organization. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein measuring the impact comprises:
calculating an index that indicates a severity of a disruption to the each of one or more devices caused by one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the index further comprises:
calculating the index based on information that identifies an importance of the each of the one or more devices, an eigenvector score for the each of the one or more devices, a disruptive impact score for the each of the one or more devices, and a period of time associated with each of the one or more scenarios. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein measuring the impact further comprises:
calculating an index that indicates a severity of an exploitation of data from the one or more devices resulting from one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein calculating the index comprises:
calculating the index based on weighted sums of customer data, organizational data, and intellectual property data lost across a subset of the one or more devices during the each of the one or more scenarios. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the risk score comprises:
generating the risk score by multiplying a first index and a second index by a likelihood of one or more events associated with the each of one or more scenarios,
wherein the first index indicates a severity of a disruption to the one or more devices,
wherein the second index indicates a severity of an exploitation of data from the one or more devices. 8. An apparatus for cyber risk analysis, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: generate a cyber strand based on input related to an organization, wherein the cyber strand identifies one or more devices in a network topology; generate one or more scenarios for the cyber strand; measure an impact of each of the one or more scenarios on the cyber strand; generate a risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios based on the impact of the each of the one or more scenarios; and generate output based on the risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the one or more scenarios, at least to:
generate the one or more scenarios based on information that identifies a subset of the one or more devices impacted by one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios and information that categorizes an effect of each of the one or more events,
wherein the first index indicates a severity of a disruption to the one or more devices,
wherein the second index indicates a severity of an exploitation of data from the one or more devices. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the one or more scenarios, at least to:
generate the one or more scenarios based on information that identifies a likelihood of occurrence of the each of the one or more events; and determine a likelihood for the each of the one or more scenarios by determining a mean likelihood and a standard deviation of the mean likelihood for the each of the one or more events. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the risk score, at least to:
generate the risk score by multiplying the first index for each of the one or more events and the second index for the each of the one or more events by the likelihood for the each of the one or more events. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to:
determine a value of a loss resulting during the each of the one or more scenarios; and wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the output, at least to:
generate the output to include information identifying the value of the loss. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when determining the value of the loss, at least to:
determine the value of the loss based on information that identifies a use of the one or more devices in production of a good or service, a production resulting from the use of the one or more devices, or a value of the goods or services produced from use of the one or more devices. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when determining the value of the loss, at least to:
determine the value by multiplying the production or the value of the goods or services by the risk score. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the following:
generating a cyber strand based on input related to an organization, wherein the cyber strand identifies one or more devices in a network topology; generating one or more scenarios for the cyber strand; measuring an impact of each of the one or more scenarios on the cyber strand; generating a risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios based on the impact of the each of the one or more scenarios; and generating output based on the risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when measuring the impact, to perform at least the following:
measuring the impact by calculating a first index and a second index,
wherein the first index indicates a severity of a disruption to the one or more devices caused by one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios,
wherein the second index indicates a severity of exploitation of data from the one or more devices resulting from the one or more events. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when calculating the first index and the second index, to perform at least the following:
calculating the first index based on a sum of a weight for each of the one or more devices and an eigenvector score for the each of one or more devices and based on a product of the sum and a disruptive impact score and based on the product divided by a period of time, and calculating the second index based on weighted sums of customer data, organizational data, and intellectual property data lost across a subset of the one or more devices during the each of the one or more scenarios. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 17, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when generating the risk score, to perform at least the following:
generating the risk score based on determining a product of multiplying the first index and the second index by a likelihood of each of the one or more events. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when generating the output, to perform at least the following:
generating the output, wherein the output comprises at least one of: a risk map or a surface map. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus to perform at least the following:
determining a value of a loss resulting from the each of the one or more scenarios. | Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a computer device capable of assessing, measuring, managing, and optimizing cyber risk. For example, certain embodiments described herein may guide risk assessment for individual organizations and for integrated elements of critical infrastructure. Certain embodiments may provide features that make it possible for policy makers and organizational leaders to assess a range of risks introduced by threat actors: a standardized system for classifying cyber threats and events by their effects, tools to associate organizational functions with information technology (IT) network maps or topologies, operations to assess the severity of disruptive and exploitative cyber events, and operations to understand the integrated nature of risk across different parts of a simple organization, across major divisions in a complex organization, or to display the interconnectedness of organizations in a complex system.1. A method for cyber risk analysis, comprising:
generating, by a computing device, a cyber strand based on input related to an organization, wherein the cyber strand identifies one or more devices in a network topology; generating one or more scenarios for the cyber strand; measuring an impact of each of the one or more scenarios on the cyber strand; generating a risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios based on the impact of the each of the one or more scenarios; and generating output based on the risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the input comprises information that identifies the one or more devices and the network topology, wherein the network topology is associated with a function of the organization. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein measuring the impact comprises:
calculating an index that indicates a severity of a disruption to the each of one or more devices caused by one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the index further comprises:
calculating the index based on information that identifies an importance of the each of the one or more devices, an eigenvector score for the each of the one or more devices, a disruptive impact score for the each of the one or more devices, and a period of time associated with each of the one or more scenarios. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein measuring the impact further comprises:
calculating an index that indicates a severity of an exploitation of data from the one or more devices resulting from one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein calculating the index comprises:
calculating the index based on weighted sums of customer data, organizational data, and intellectual property data lost across a subset of the one or more devices during the each of the one or more scenarios. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the risk score comprises:
generating the risk score by multiplying a first index and a second index by a likelihood of one or more events associated with the each of one or more scenarios,
wherein the first index indicates a severity of a disruption to the one or more devices,
wherein the second index indicates a severity of an exploitation of data from the one or more devices. 8. An apparatus for cyber risk analysis, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: generate a cyber strand based on input related to an organization, wherein the cyber strand identifies one or more devices in a network topology; generate one or more scenarios for the cyber strand; measure an impact of each of the one or more scenarios on the cyber strand; generate a risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios based on the impact of the each of the one or more scenarios; and generate output based on the risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the one or more scenarios, at least to:
generate the one or more scenarios based on information that identifies a subset of the one or more devices impacted by one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios and information that categorizes an effect of each of the one or more events,
wherein the first index indicates a severity of a disruption to the one or more devices,
wherein the second index indicates a severity of an exploitation of data from the one or more devices. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the one or more scenarios, at least to:
generate the one or more scenarios based on information that identifies a likelihood of occurrence of the each of the one or more events; and determine a likelihood for the each of the one or more scenarios by determining a mean likelihood and a standard deviation of the mean likelihood for the each of the one or more events. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the risk score, at least to:
generate the risk score by multiplying the first index for each of the one or more events and the second index for the each of the one or more events by the likelihood for the each of the one or more events. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to:
determine a value of a loss resulting during the each of the one or more scenarios; and wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when generating the output, at least to:
generate the output to include information identifying the value of the loss. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when determining the value of the loss, at least to:
determine the value of the loss based on information that identifies a use of the one or more devices in production of a good or service, a production resulting from the use of the one or more devices, or a value of the goods or services produced from use of the one or more devices. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus, when determining the value of the loss, at least to:
determine the value by multiplying the production or the value of the goods or services by the risk score. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the following:
generating a cyber strand based on input related to an organization, wherein the cyber strand identifies one or more devices in a network topology; generating one or more scenarios for the cyber strand; measuring an impact of each of the one or more scenarios on the cyber strand; generating a risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios based on the impact of the each of the one or more scenarios; and generating output based on the risk score for the each of the one or more scenarios. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when measuring the impact, to perform at least the following:
measuring the impact by calculating a first index and a second index,
wherein the first index indicates a severity of a disruption to the one or more devices caused by one or more events associated with the each of the one or more scenarios,
wherein the second index indicates a severity of exploitation of data from the one or more devices resulting from the one or more events. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when calculating the first index and the second index, to perform at least the following:
calculating the first index based on a sum of a weight for each of the one or more devices and an eigenvector score for the each of one or more devices and based on a product of the sum and a disruptive impact score and based on the product divided by a period of time, and calculating the second index based on weighted sums of customer data, organizational data, and intellectual property data lost across a subset of the one or more devices during the each of the one or more scenarios. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 17, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when generating the risk score, to perform at least the following:
generating the risk score based on determining a product of multiplying the first index and the second index by a likelihood of each of the one or more events. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus, when generating the output, to perform at least the following:
generating the output, wherein the output comprises at least one of: a risk map or a surface map. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the program instructions further comprise program instructions for causing the apparatus to perform at least the following:
determining a value of a loss resulting from the each of the one or more scenarios. | 2,800 |
344,196 | 16,803,523 | 2,844 | Items of video content offered for viewing on a video-on-demand (VOD) platform of a digital TV service provider are each assigned a respective title and hierarchical address corresponding to hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories within which the title for the video content is to be categorized. The title is listed in a location of an electronic program guide (EPG) using the same categories and subcategories as its hierarchical address. Any TV subscriber can access the EPG and navigate through its categories and subcategories to find a title for viewing on the TV. The EPG dynamically adjust its display listings of each level of categories, subcategories, and titles in order to minimize the number of remote control keypresses needed for a viewer to navigate to a title of interest. In one basic form, the EPG display is reordered by listing more frequently visited categories or subcategories first, and other less frequently visited categories or subcategories lower on the listing or out-of-sight on another page of the display. | 1. A method comprising:
(a) providing, from a first digital television service provider system associated with a first digital television service provider via a broadband connection, to a first digital set top box associated with a first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a first application comprising at least a first set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a first viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a first individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content based at least in part on:
(1) electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from a video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data,
(ii) a second viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a third viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(b) receiving, by the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a request for electronic authorization; (c) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, the request for electronic authorization is associated with a subscriber account of the first subscriber; (d) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box, an electronic authorization for the first viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (e) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a first electronic request to access first video-on-demand electronic media content via the first viewer interface; (f) accessing, by the first digital television services provider system, upon receipt of the first electronic access request, a first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand media content wherein the first individualized electronic program guide is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, first electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the first electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(g) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box via the broadband connection, the first individualized electronic program guide data for populating a first set of one or more templates associated with a first individualized electronic program guide in the first viewer interface; (h) receiving, by the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a first video-on-demand media request for a first video-on-demand electronic media content; (i) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the first electronic viewing data with information associated with the first video-on-demand media request to generate second electronic viewing data; (j) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the broadband connection to the first digital set top box, the first video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the first video-on-demand media request for display on a first display associated with the first digital set top box; (k) providing, from the first digital television service provider system associated with the first digital television service provider via a wireless broadband connection using IP protocol, to a first Internet-connected digital device associated with the first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a second application comprising a second set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a fourth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a second individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content and associated with the first individualized electronic program guide, and the second individualized electronic program guide is based at least in part on:
(1) an updated first electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from the video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data;
(ii) a fifth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a sixth viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(l) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system for the first Internet-connected digital device, login credentials; (m) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, that the login credentials are associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (n) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, an electronic authorization for the fourth viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (o) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system via the Internet from the first Internet-connected digital device, a second electronic request to access second video-on-demand electronic media content via the fourth viewer interface; (p) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system, upon receipt of the second electronic access request, a second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content wherein the second individualized electronic program guide data is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, at the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, second electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the second electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(q) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, the second individualized electronic program guide data for populating a second set of one or more templates associated with a second individualized electronic program guide in the fourth viewer interface; (r) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, a second video-on-demand media request for the second video-on-demand electronic media content; (s) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the second electronic viewing data with information associated with the second video-on-demand media request to generate third electronic viewing data; and (t) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the Internet to the first Internet-connected digital device, the second video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the second video-on-demand media request for display on a second display associated with the first Internet-connected digital device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a local area broadband network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a wireless broadband network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises telephone lines. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first video-on-demand media content is transmitted to the first digital set top box in step (j) in a packetized data stream. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second video-on-demand electronic media content is transmitted to the first Internet-connected digital device in step (t) in a packetized data stream. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first digital set top box decodes the packetized data stream and presents the first video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first digital set top box. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first Internet-connected digital device decodes the packetized data stream and presents the second video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first Internet-connected digital device. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the first video-on-demand electronic content using a remote control unit. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to further fast forward the first video-on-demand electronic program using the remote control unit. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the second video-on-demand electronic content. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to further fast forward the second video-on-demand electronic program. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the second viewer interface from the first digital set top box. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the third viewer interface from the first digital set top box. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the fifth viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the sixth viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. | Items of video content offered for viewing on a video-on-demand (VOD) platform of a digital TV service provider are each assigned a respective title and hierarchical address corresponding to hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories within which the title for the video content is to be categorized. The title is listed in a location of an electronic program guide (EPG) using the same categories and subcategories as its hierarchical address. Any TV subscriber can access the EPG and navigate through its categories and subcategories to find a title for viewing on the TV. The EPG dynamically adjust its display listings of each level of categories, subcategories, and titles in order to minimize the number of remote control keypresses needed for a viewer to navigate to a title of interest. In one basic form, the EPG display is reordered by listing more frequently visited categories or subcategories first, and other less frequently visited categories or subcategories lower on the listing or out-of-sight on another page of the display.1. A method comprising:
(a) providing, from a first digital television service provider system associated with a first digital television service provider via a broadband connection, to a first digital set top box associated with a first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a first application comprising at least a first set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a first viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a first individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content based at least in part on:
(1) electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from a video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data,
(ii) a second viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a third viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(b) receiving, by the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a request for electronic authorization; (c) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, the request for electronic authorization is associated with a subscriber account of the first subscriber; (d) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box, an electronic authorization for the first viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (e) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a first electronic request to access first video-on-demand electronic media content via the first viewer interface; (f) accessing, by the first digital television services provider system, upon receipt of the first electronic access request, a first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand media content wherein the first individualized electronic program guide is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, first electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the first individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the first electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(g) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first digital set top box via the broadband connection, the first individualized electronic program guide data for populating a first set of one or more templates associated with a first individualized electronic program guide in the first viewer interface; (h) receiving, by the first digital television service provider system from the first digital set top box, a first video-on-demand media request for a first video-on-demand electronic media content; (i) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the first electronic viewing data with information associated with the first video-on-demand media request to generate second electronic viewing data; (j) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the broadband connection to the first digital set top box, the first video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the first video-on-demand media request for display on a first display associated with the first digital set top box; (k) providing, from the first digital television service provider system associated with the first digital television service provider via a wireless broadband connection using IP protocol, to a first Internet-connected digital device associated with the first subscriber to the digital television service provider, a second application comprising a second set of a plurality of viewer interfaces including at least:
(i) a fourth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain video-on-demand electronic media content and further configured to provide access in real time to a second individualized electronic program guide for at least the video-on-demand electronic media content and associated with the first individualized electronic program guide, and the second individualized electronic program guide is based at least in part on:
(1) an updated first electronic viewing data for a first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
wherein the video-on-demand electronic media content is obtained from the video-on-demand content delivery system of the first digital television service provider system that has obtained the video-on-demand electronic media content and respective video-on-demand metadata associated with the video-on-demand electronic media content, the respective video-on-demand metadata comprising respective title data and respective category data;
(ii) a fifth viewer interface configured to access the first digital television service provider system to obtain linear electronic media content,
(iii) a sixth viewer interface comprising a first search interface, which allows the first subscriber to search video-on-demand metadata in a video content database to generate a first list of video titles with specific characteristics;
(l) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system for the first Internet-connected digital device, login credentials; (m) verifying, by the first digital television service provider system, that the login credentials are associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (n) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, an electronic authorization for the fourth viewer interface to access privileges associated with the subscriber account of the first subscriber; (o) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system via the Internet from the first Internet-connected digital device, a second electronic request to access second video-on-demand electronic media content via the fourth viewer interface; (p) accessing, by the first digital television service provider system, upon receipt of the second electronic access request, a second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content wherein the second individualized electronic program guide data is generated in real time by:
(i) accessing, at the first digital television service provider system from one or more non-transitory processor readable memory devices operatively connected to the first digital television service provider system, second electronic viewing data associated with the subscriber account associated with the first subscriber; and
(ii) generating, at the first digital television service provider system, the second individualized electronic program guide data for video-on-demand electronic media content, based at least in part on:
(1) the second electronic viewing data for the first subscriber, and
(2) the video-on-demand metadata;
(q) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system to the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, the second individualized electronic program guide data for populating a second set of one or more templates associated with a second individualized electronic program guide in the fourth viewer interface; (r) receiving, at the first digital television service provider system from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet, a second video-on-demand media request for the second video-on-demand electronic media content; (s) updating, by the first digital television service provider system, the second electronic viewing data with information associated with the second video-on-demand media request to generate third electronic viewing data; and (t) transmitting, from the first digital television service provider system via the Internet to the first Internet-connected digital device, the second video-on-demand electronic media content identified in the second video-on-demand media request for display on a second display associated with the first Internet-connected digital device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a local area broadband network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises a wireless broadband network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband connection comprises telephone lines. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first video-on-demand media content is transmitted to the first digital set top box in step (j) in a packetized data stream. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second video-on-demand electronic media content is transmitted to the first Internet-connected digital device in step (t) in a packetized data stream. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first digital set top box decodes the packetized data stream and presents the first video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first digital set top box. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first Internet-connected digital device decodes the packetized data stream and presents the second video-on-demand electronic content on a display operatively connected with the first Internet-connected digital device. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the first video-on-demand electronic content using a remote control unit. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein while the first video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first digital set top box is configured for a user to further fast forward the first video-on-demand electronic program using the remote control unit. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay the second video-on-demand electronic content. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein while the second video-on-demand electronic content is displayed, the first Internet-connected digital device is configured for a user to further fast forward the second video-on-demand electronic program. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the second viewer interface from the first digital set top box. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the third viewer interface from the first digital set top box. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the fifth viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the first digital television service provider system, a request to access the sixth viewer interface from the first Internet-connected digital device via the Internet. | 2,800 |
344,197 | 16,803,648 | 2,844 | Aspects described herein relate providing a waveform including resource elements for data and separate resource elements for multiple pilots in a symbol to improve phase noise suppression and/or allow for use of higher order modulation. | 1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
generating a waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol, wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and transmitting the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the multiple pilots according to a sequence. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the sequence is at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a transceiver; a memory configured to store instructions related to generating a waveform for transmitting a signal; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
generate the waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and
transmit the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 14. (canceled) 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the multiple pilots according to a sequence. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the sequence is at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for generating a waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol, wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and means for transmitting the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 22. (canceled) 23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots according to at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising code executable by one or more processors for wireless communications, the code comprising code for:
generating a waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol, wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and transmitting the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 29. (canceled) 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots according to at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. | Aspects described herein relate providing a waveform including resource elements for data and separate resource elements for multiple pilots in a symbol to improve phase noise suppression and/or allow for use of higher order modulation.1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
generating a waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol, wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and transmitting the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the waveform comprises generating the multiple pilots according to a sequence. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the sequence is at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a transceiver; a memory configured to store instructions related to generating a waveform for transmitting a signal; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
generate the waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and
transmit the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 14. (canceled) 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate the waveform at least in part by generating the multiple pilots according to a sequence. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the sequence is at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for generating a waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol, wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and means for transmitting the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 22. (canceled) 23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the means for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots according to at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising code executable by one or more processors for wireless communications, the code comprising code for:
generating a waveform including, within a symbol, resource elements in frequency for data and separate resource elements in frequency for multiple pilots, wherein the symbol is at least one of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol, wherein each of the multiple pilots corresponds to a different data transmission within the waveform to facilitate estimating channel response for each of the different data transmissions; and transmitting the waveform, including the data and the multiple pilots, over the symbol. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in different sets of resource elements that are interleaved throughout the symbol. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the multiple pilots each include a same number of resource elements. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots in a single set of contiguous resource elements separate from a second single set of resource elements for the data. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the waveform to include the multiple pilots for phase noise cancellation. 29. (canceled) 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the code for generating the waveform is configured to generate the multiple pilots according to at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. | 2,800 |
344,198 | 16,803,634 | 2,844 | The present disclosure relates to a light guide device and a method for sequentially lighting the same. In one embodiment, the light guide device includes: a light guide including a light-emitting surface, light incident surfaces formed on both sides of the light-emitting surface and configured to receive light, and a light-reflecting surface formed opposite to the light-emitting surface and configured to reflect the received light to the light-emitting surface; a first light source unit and second light source unit disposed on the light-incident surfaces, respectively, and configured to irradiate light; and a light transmission control layer formed above the light-emitting surface and configured to control the transmittance of light emitted, wherein the light transmission control layer has a light transmittance which decreases from one end to the other end of the light transmission control layer. | 1. A light guide device comprising:
a light guide comprising a light-emitting surface, light-incident surfaces formed on both sides of the light-emitting surface and configured to receive light, and a light-reflecting surface formed opposite to the light-emitting surface and configured to reflect the received light to the light-emitting surface; a first light source unit and second light source unit disposed on the light-incident surfaces, respectively, and configured to irradiate light; and a light transmission control layer formed above the light-emitting surface and configured to control the transmittance of light emitted, wherein the light transmission control layer has a light transmittance which decreases from a first end to a second end of the light transmission control layer, wherein the light transmission control layer has a thickness which increases from the first end to the second end of the light transmission control layer. 2. The light guide device of claim 1, wherein each of the first light source unit and the second light source unit comprises a substrate comprising a light source and a driving integrated circuit electrically connected to the light source and configured to supply a driving current to the light source. 3. The light guide device of claim 2, wherein the light source comprises a flip chip-type light-emitting diode. 4. The light guide device of claim 1, wherein the light transmission control layer is disposed to be spaced apart from the light guide. 5. (canceled) 6. The light guide device of claim 1, wherein the light transmission control layer has a triangular or trapezoidal sectional shape. 7. The light guide device of claim 6, wherein the light transmission control layer has a right triangular sectional shape such that an upper surface thereof is parallel to the light-emitting surface of the light guide and a lower surface thereof is formed to be inclined with respect to the light-emitting surface. 8. The light guide device of claim 7, wherein the lower surface of the light transmission control layer has irregularities formed thereon. 9. A light guide device comprising:
a light guide comprising a light-emitting surface, light-incident surfaces formed on both sides of the light-emitting surface and configured to receive light, and a light-reflecting surface formed opposite to the light-emitting surface and configured to reflect the received light to the light-emitting surface; a first light source unit and second light source unit disposed on the light-incident surfaces, respectively, and configured to irradiate light; and a light transmission control layer formed above the light-emitting surface and configured to control the transmittance of light emitted, wherein the light transmission control layer has a light transmittance which decreases from one end to the other end of the light transmission control layer, wherein the light transmission control layer comprises a resin matrix and a light transmission control agent dispersed in the resin matrix. 10. The light guide device of claim 9, wherein the resin matrix comprises one or more of polycarbonate, polystyrene, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyolefin, polyester, and polyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and the light transmission control agent comprises one or more of dyes and pigments. 11. A method for sequentially lighting the light guide device of claim 1, the method comprising:
driving the first light source unit of the light guide device; increasing a brightness of the first light source unit to a target value by increasing an amount of a driving current which is supplied to the first light source unit; and driving the second light source unit at a time point when the brightness of the first light source unit reaches the target value. | The present disclosure relates to a light guide device and a method for sequentially lighting the same. In one embodiment, the light guide device includes: a light guide including a light-emitting surface, light incident surfaces formed on both sides of the light-emitting surface and configured to receive light, and a light-reflecting surface formed opposite to the light-emitting surface and configured to reflect the received light to the light-emitting surface; a first light source unit and second light source unit disposed on the light-incident surfaces, respectively, and configured to irradiate light; and a light transmission control layer formed above the light-emitting surface and configured to control the transmittance of light emitted, wherein the light transmission control layer has a light transmittance which decreases from one end to the other end of the light transmission control layer.1. A light guide device comprising:
a light guide comprising a light-emitting surface, light-incident surfaces formed on both sides of the light-emitting surface and configured to receive light, and a light-reflecting surface formed opposite to the light-emitting surface and configured to reflect the received light to the light-emitting surface; a first light source unit and second light source unit disposed on the light-incident surfaces, respectively, and configured to irradiate light; and a light transmission control layer formed above the light-emitting surface and configured to control the transmittance of light emitted, wherein the light transmission control layer has a light transmittance which decreases from a first end to a second end of the light transmission control layer, wherein the light transmission control layer has a thickness which increases from the first end to the second end of the light transmission control layer. 2. The light guide device of claim 1, wherein each of the first light source unit and the second light source unit comprises a substrate comprising a light source and a driving integrated circuit electrically connected to the light source and configured to supply a driving current to the light source. 3. The light guide device of claim 2, wherein the light source comprises a flip chip-type light-emitting diode. 4. The light guide device of claim 1, wherein the light transmission control layer is disposed to be spaced apart from the light guide. 5. (canceled) 6. The light guide device of claim 1, wherein the light transmission control layer has a triangular or trapezoidal sectional shape. 7. The light guide device of claim 6, wherein the light transmission control layer has a right triangular sectional shape such that an upper surface thereof is parallel to the light-emitting surface of the light guide and a lower surface thereof is formed to be inclined with respect to the light-emitting surface. 8. The light guide device of claim 7, wherein the lower surface of the light transmission control layer has irregularities formed thereon. 9. A light guide device comprising:
a light guide comprising a light-emitting surface, light-incident surfaces formed on both sides of the light-emitting surface and configured to receive light, and a light-reflecting surface formed opposite to the light-emitting surface and configured to reflect the received light to the light-emitting surface; a first light source unit and second light source unit disposed on the light-incident surfaces, respectively, and configured to irradiate light; and a light transmission control layer formed above the light-emitting surface and configured to control the transmittance of light emitted, wherein the light transmission control layer has a light transmittance which decreases from one end to the other end of the light transmission control layer, wherein the light transmission control layer comprises a resin matrix and a light transmission control agent dispersed in the resin matrix. 10. The light guide device of claim 9, wherein the resin matrix comprises one or more of polycarbonate, polystyrene, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyolefin, polyester, and polyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and the light transmission control agent comprises one or more of dyes and pigments. 11. A method for sequentially lighting the light guide device of claim 1, the method comprising:
driving the first light source unit of the light guide device; increasing a brightness of the first light source unit to a target value by increasing an amount of a driving current which is supplied to the first light source unit; and driving the second light source unit at a time point when the brightness of the first light source unit reaches the target value. | 2,800 |
344,199 | 16,803,687 | 3,747 | Systems and apparatuses include method of controlling a fan to supplement engine braking, including determining that an engagement condition for the fan exists, interpreting an operating parameter of the fan, determining a modified operating parameter for the fan based on a predefined limit, operating the fan according to the modified operating parameter, and ceasing operation of the fan according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the fan exists. | 1. A method of controlling a fan to supplement engine braking, comprising:
determining that an engagement condition for the fan exists; interpreting an operating parameter of the fan; determining a modified operating parameter for the fan based on a predefined limit; operating the fan according to the modified operating parameter; and ceasing operation of the fan according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the fan exists. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified operating parameter limits noise produced by the fan or increases fan durability over time. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified operating parameter reduces a fan speed when a fan slip heat limit is met or the fan speed is greater than or equal to a maximum fan speed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement condition includes an engine retarder being enabled for a threshold time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement condition includes a look-ahead indication of a downhill grade. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement condition includes a vehicle acceleration greater than an acceleration calibratable threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the predefined limit includes at least one of a noise threshold or a fan durability requirement. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified operating parameter ignores the predefined limit if a vehicle acceleration exceeds an acceleration threshold. 9. An apparatus, comprising:
a circuit structured to:
determine that an engagement condition for an engine accessory exists;
determine a target vehicle speed;
determine a modified operating parameter for the engine accessory to bias a vehicle speed toward the target vehicle speed;
operate the engine accessory according to the modified operating parameter; and
cease operation of the engine accessory according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the engine accessory exists. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the engine accessory includes a fan. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the modified operating parameter limits noise produced by the fan or increases fan durability over time. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the modified operating parameter reduces a fan speed when a fan slip heat limit is met or the fan speed is greater than or equal to a maximum fan speed. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the engagement condition includes at least one of an engine retarder being enabled for a threshold time, a look-ahead indication of a downhill grade, or a vehicle acceleration greater than an acceleration calibratable threshold. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the modified operating parameter is based at least in part on a predefined limit, and
wherein the modified operating parameter ignores the predefined limit if a vehicle acceleration exceeds an acceleration threshold. 15. A system, comprising:
a fan; and a controller coupled to the fan, the controller structured to:
determine that an engine brake is engaged;
determine a target vehicle speed;
determine an initial fan speed to supplement the engine brake and bias a vehicle speed toward the target vehicle speed;
determine a modified operating parameter for the fan based at least in part on the initial fan speed and on a predefined limit;
deliver modified operating parameter to the fan; and
cease operation of the fan according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the engine accessory exists. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter limits noise produced by the fan or increases fan durability over time. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter reduces the initial fan speed when a fan slip heat limit is met or the initial fan speed is greater than or equal to a maximum fan speed. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further structured to update the modified operating parameter if a fan speed ratio exceeds a threshold. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter ignores the predefined limit if a vehicle acceleration exceeds an acceleration threshold. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter is equal to the initial fan speed. | Systems and apparatuses include method of controlling a fan to supplement engine braking, including determining that an engagement condition for the fan exists, interpreting an operating parameter of the fan, determining a modified operating parameter for the fan based on a predefined limit, operating the fan according to the modified operating parameter, and ceasing operation of the fan according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the fan exists.1. A method of controlling a fan to supplement engine braking, comprising:
determining that an engagement condition for the fan exists; interpreting an operating parameter of the fan; determining a modified operating parameter for the fan based on a predefined limit; operating the fan according to the modified operating parameter; and ceasing operation of the fan according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the fan exists. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified operating parameter limits noise produced by the fan or increases fan durability over time. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified operating parameter reduces a fan speed when a fan slip heat limit is met or the fan speed is greater than or equal to a maximum fan speed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement condition includes an engine retarder being enabled for a threshold time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement condition includes a look-ahead indication of a downhill grade. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement condition includes a vehicle acceleration greater than an acceleration calibratable threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the predefined limit includes at least one of a noise threshold or a fan durability requirement. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified operating parameter ignores the predefined limit if a vehicle acceleration exceeds an acceleration threshold. 9. An apparatus, comprising:
a circuit structured to:
determine that an engagement condition for an engine accessory exists;
determine a target vehicle speed;
determine a modified operating parameter for the engine accessory to bias a vehicle speed toward the target vehicle speed;
operate the engine accessory according to the modified operating parameter; and
cease operation of the engine accessory according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the engine accessory exists. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the engine accessory includes a fan. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the modified operating parameter limits noise produced by the fan or increases fan durability over time. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the modified operating parameter reduces a fan speed when a fan slip heat limit is met or the fan speed is greater than or equal to a maximum fan speed. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the engagement condition includes at least one of an engine retarder being enabled for a threshold time, a look-ahead indication of a downhill grade, or a vehicle acceleration greater than an acceleration calibratable threshold. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the modified operating parameter is based at least in part on a predefined limit, and
wherein the modified operating parameter ignores the predefined limit if a vehicle acceleration exceeds an acceleration threshold. 15. A system, comprising:
a fan; and a controller coupled to the fan, the controller structured to:
determine that an engine brake is engaged;
determine a target vehicle speed;
determine an initial fan speed to supplement the engine brake and bias a vehicle speed toward the target vehicle speed;
determine a modified operating parameter for the fan based at least in part on the initial fan speed and on a predefined limit;
deliver modified operating parameter to the fan; and
cease operation of the fan according to the modified operating parameter when a disengagement condition for the engine accessory exists. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter limits noise produced by the fan or increases fan durability over time. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter reduces the initial fan speed when a fan slip heat limit is met or the initial fan speed is greater than or equal to a maximum fan speed. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further structured to update the modified operating parameter if a fan speed ratio exceeds a threshold. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter ignores the predefined limit if a vehicle acceleration exceeds an acceleration threshold. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the modified operating parameter is equal to the initial fan speed. | 3,700 |
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