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344,000 | 16,803,484 | 3,715 | A disclosure for lossless data compression can include receiving a data block by a processor, performing, by the processor, a sparse transform extraction on the data block, selecting, by the processor, a transform matrix for the data block, modeling, by the processor, the selected transform matrix for the data block, selecting, by the processor, a transform coefficient model for the data block, modeling, by the processor, the selected transform coefficient model for the data block, compressing, by the processor, the data in the data block using the selected transform matrix and the selected transform coefficient model. | 1. A method for lossless data compression, comprising:
receiving a data block by a processor; performing, by the processor, a sparse transform extraction on the data block; selecting, by the processor, a transform matrix for the data block; modeling, by the processor, the selected transform matrix for the data block; selecting, by the processor, a transform coefficient model for the data block; modeling, by the processor, the selected transform coefficient model for the data block; and compressing, by the processor, the data in the data block using the selected transform matrix and the selected transform coefficient model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the sparse transform extraction is performed by finding non-zero components of a sparse transform matrix C from Y=CX, where X is a vector of possible values of a data type in the data block and Y is a vector of the data block. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a direct transform model for the data block. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein selecting a direct transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is greater than the first threshold size of the data block. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is less than a second threshold size of the data block. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model comprises:
defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, determining that the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than the first threshold size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of the data block; calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is less than a power of the unique values of the data block. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model comprises determining the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than a first threshold size of a size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of a size of the data block;
calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is greater than a power of the unique values of the data block. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a prediction model. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a granularity constrain model. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a variation constrain model. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a dynamic limitation model. 15. A lossless data compression system, comprising:
a gateway comprising a processor that can receive a stream of data, wherein the processor is configured to compress data using a multichannel data compression encoder by: receiving a data block; performing a sparse transform extraction on the data block; selecting a transform matrix for the data block; modeling the selected transform matrix for the data block; selecting a transform coefficient model for the data block; modeling the selected transform coefficient model for the data block; and compressing the data in the data block using the selected transform matrix and the selected transform coefficient model. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor performing the sparse transform extraction comprises finding non-zero components of a sparse transform matrix C from Y=CX, where X is a vector of possible values of a data type in the data block and Y is a vector of the data block. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a direct transform model for the data block. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor selecting a direct transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is greater than the first threshold size of the data block. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is less than a second threshold size of the data block. 21. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model comprises:
defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, determining that the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than the first threshold size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of the data block; calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is less than a power of the unique values of the data block. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the processor selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model comprises determining the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than a first threshold size of a size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of a size of the data block;
calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is greater than a power of the unique values of the data block. 25. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a prediction model. 26. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a granularity constrain model. 27. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a variation constrain model. 28. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a dynamic limitation model. | A disclosure for lossless data compression can include receiving a data block by a processor, performing, by the processor, a sparse transform extraction on the data block, selecting, by the processor, a transform matrix for the data block, modeling, by the processor, the selected transform matrix for the data block, selecting, by the processor, a transform coefficient model for the data block, modeling, by the processor, the selected transform coefficient model for the data block, compressing, by the processor, the data in the data block using the selected transform matrix and the selected transform coefficient model.1. A method for lossless data compression, comprising:
receiving a data block by a processor; performing, by the processor, a sparse transform extraction on the data block; selecting, by the processor, a transform matrix for the data block; modeling, by the processor, the selected transform matrix for the data block; selecting, by the processor, a transform coefficient model for the data block; modeling, by the processor, the selected transform coefficient model for the data block; and compressing, by the processor, the data in the data block using the selected transform matrix and the selected transform coefficient model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the sparse transform extraction is performed by finding non-zero components of a sparse transform matrix C from Y=CX, where X is a vector of possible values of a data type in the data block and Y is a vector of the data block. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a direct transform model for the data block. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein selecting a direct transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is greater than the first threshold size of the data block. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is less than a second threshold size of the data block. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model comprises:
defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, determining that the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than the first threshold size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of the data block; calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is less than a power of the unique values of the data block. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model comprises determining the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than a first threshold size of a size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of a size of the data block;
calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is greater than a power of the unique values of the data block. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a prediction model. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a granularity constrain model. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a variation constrain model. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a dynamic limitation model. 15. A lossless data compression system, comprising:
a gateway comprising a processor that can receive a stream of data, wherein the processor is configured to compress data using a multichannel data compression encoder by: receiving a data block; performing a sparse transform extraction on the data block; selecting a transform matrix for the data block; modeling the selected transform matrix for the data block; selecting a transform coefficient model for the data block; modeling the selected transform coefficient model for the data block; and compressing the data in the data block using the selected transform matrix and the selected transform coefficient model. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor performing the sparse transform extraction comprises finding non-zero components of a sparse transform matrix C from Y=CX, where X is a vector of possible values of a data type in the data block and Y is a vector of the data block. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a direct transform model for the data block. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor selecting a direct transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is greater than the first threshold size of the data block. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor selecting a dominant value first decomposed transform model comprises:
determining a size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, and determining that the number of unique values in the data block is less than a second threshold size of the data block. 21. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor selecting a natural ordered decomposed transform model comprises:
defining a first threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, defining a second threshold size percentage that can be applied to the data block, calculating the threshold size of the data block, determining unique values in the data block, determining that the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than the first threshold size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of the data block; calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is less than a power of the unique values of the data block. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform matrix comprises selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the processor selecting an ascending ordered decomposed transform model comprises determining the number of unique values in the data block is neither greater than a first threshold size of a size of the data block nor less than a second threshold size of a size of the data block;
calculating linear prediction residuals for the number of unique values in the data block; and determining a power of the linear prediction residuals is greater than a power of the unique values of the data block. 25. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a prediction model. 26. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a granularity constrain model. 27. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a variation constrain model. 28. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor selecting a transform coefficient model comprises selecting a dynamic limitation model. | 3,700 |
344,001 | 16,803,432 | 3,715 | This disclosure provides orally disintegrating dipivefrin tablet (ODT) formulations, including ODT formulations containing L-dipivefrin HCl. The ODT formulations of the disclosure include 10 to 70% binder (wt %), 5 to 50% matrix former (wt %), and 1 to 20% taste masking agent (wt %). The ODT formulations of the disclosure rapidly provide epinephrine to a patient when administered. The disclosure also provides a method of treating a patient who has a condition responsive to epinephrine such as a cardiac event, asthma, croup, cancer, a microbial infection, Addison's disease, or an allergic reaction, particularly anaphylaxis by administering an orally disintegrating dipivefrin tablet formulations to the patient. | 1. A dipivefrin orally disintegrating tablet (ODT), comprising dipivefrin, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a binder, a matrix former, and a taste masking agent. 2. The ODT of claim 1, comprising 0.01 mg to 20 mg dipivefrin hydrochloride. 3. The ODT of claim 1, comprising 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.5 mg, or 5 mg dipivefrin hydrochloride. 4. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the total weight of the tablet is less than 50 mg. 5. The ODT of claim 1, comprising at 10 to 70% binder (wt %), 5 to 50% matrix former (wt %), and 1 to 20% taste masking agent (wt %). 6-9. (canceled) 10. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the ODT provides an epinephrine Tmax of less than 45 minutes when administered to a human. 11. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the ODT provides an epinephrine plasma Cmax of 0.1 to 50 ng/mL when administered to a human. 12. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the ODT contains not more than 10 mg of dipivefrin hydrochloride and provides a plasma level of epinephrine at 20 minutes after administration that is equal or greater than a plasma level of epinephrine provided by a US FDA-approved injectable epinephrine dosage form. 13. The ODT of claim 12, wherein the US FDA-approved dosage form comprises a 0.5 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.15 mg, or 0.1 mg epinephrine dosage form for intramuscular administration. 14. The ODT of claim 12, wherein the US FDA-approved dosage form comprises a 0.5 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.15 mg, or 0.1 mg epinephrine dosage form for subcutaneous administration. 15. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the dipivefrin is L-dipivefrin hydrochloride. 16. The ODT of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising L-dipivefrin hydrochloride and 9-53% gelatin (wt %), 20-40% glycine (wt %), 10-20% PVP K30 (wt %), 5-10% citric acid (wt %), and 5-10% saccharin sodium (wt %). 17. A method of treating a subject suffering from a condition responsive to epinephrine comprising administering the ODT of claim 1 to the subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the condition responsive to epinephrine is a breathing difficulty. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the breathing difficulty is associated with associated with anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, croup, or a respiratory infection. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the condition is anaphylaxis. 21. A method of reducing the severity of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis or inhibiting the onset of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis in a subject, comprising administering the ODT of claim 1 to the subject following exposure of the subject to an allergen. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the condition is Addison's disease, adrenal hyperplasia, hypoglycemia, or chronic active hepatitis. 25. (canceled) 26. The method of claim 17 wherein the condition is an autoimmune disorder. 27. The method of claim 17 wherein the condition is a microbial infection. | This disclosure provides orally disintegrating dipivefrin tablet (ODT) formulations, including ODT formulations containing L-dipivefrin HCl. The ODT formulations of the disclosure include 10 to 70% binder (wt %), 5 to 50% matrix former (wt %), and 1 to 20% taste masking agent (wt %). The ODT formulations of the disclosure rapidly provide epinephrine to a patient when administered. The disclosure also provides a method of treating a patient who has a condition responsive to epinephrine such as a cardiac event, asthma, croup, cancer, a microbial infection, Addison's disease, or an allergic reaction, particularly anaphylaxis by administering an orally disintegrating dipivefrin tablet formulations to the patient.1. A dipivefrin orally disintegrating tablet (ODT), comprising dipivefrin, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a binder, a matrix former, and a taste masking agent. 2. The ODT of claim 1, comprising 0.01 mg to 20 mg dipivefrin hydrochloride. 3. The ODT of claim 1, comprising 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.5 mg, or 5 mg dipivefrin hydrochloride. 4. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the total weight of the tablet is less than 50 mg. 5. The ODT of claim 1, comprising at 10 to 70% binder (wt %), 5 to 50% matrix former (wt %), and 1 to 20% taste masking agent (wt %). 6-9. (canceled) 10. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the ODT provides an epinephrine Tmax of less than 45 minutes when administered to a human. 11. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the ODT provides an epinephrine plasma Cmax of 0.1 to 50 ng/mL when administered to a human. 12. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the ODT contains not more than 10 mg of dipivefrin hydrochloride and provides a plasma level of epinephrine at 20 minutes after administration that is equal or greater than a plasma level of epinephrine provided by a US FDA-approved injectable epinephrine dosage form. 13. The ODT of claim 12, wherein the US FDA-approved dosage form comprises a 0.5 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.15 mg, or 0.1 mg epinephrine dosage form for intramuscular administration. 14. The ODT of claim 12, wherein the US FDA-approved dosage form comprises a 0.5 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.15 mg, or 0.1 mg epinephrine dosage form for subcutaneous administration. 15. The ODT of claim 1, wherein the dipivefrin is L-dipivefrin hydrochloride. 16. The ODT of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising L-dipivefrin hydrochloride and 9-53% gelatin (wt %), 20-40% glycine (wt %), 10-20% PVP K30 (wt %), 5-10% citric acid (wt %), and 5-10% saccharin sodium (wt %). 17. A method of treating a subject suffering from a condition responsive to epinephrine comprising administering the ODT of claim 1 to the subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the condition responsive to epinephrine is a breathing difficulty. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the breathing difficulty is associated with associated with anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, croup, or a respiratory infection. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the condition is anaphylaxis. 21. A method of reducing the severity of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis or inhibiting the onset of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis in a subject, comprising administering the ODT of claim 1 to the subject following exposure of the subject to an allergen. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the condition is Addison's disease, adrenal hyperplasia, hypoglycemia, or chronic active hepatitis. 25. (canceled) 26. The method of claim 17 wherein the condition is an autoimmune disorder. 27. The method of claim 17 wherein the condition is a microbial infection. | 3,700 |
344,002 | 16,803,475 | 3,715 | A wireless power reception device and a wireless communication method thereby are provided. The wireless communication method by the wireless power reception device may comprise the steps of: receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmission device; measuring the strength of the wireless power signal; modulating the amplitude of the wireless power signal according to the measured strength of the wireless power signal; and performing communication with the wireless power transmission device by using the signal having the amplitude modulated. | 1. A method by a wireless power reception device, the method comprising:
receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmission device;
measuring the strength of the wireless power signal;
measuring a strength of the wireless power signal; communicating with the wireless power transmission device using a modulator that includes at least one resistor and at least one transistor and that modulates an amplitude of the wireless power signal based on the strength of the wireless power signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one transistor is any one of a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator is coupled to a direct current (DC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator is coupled to an alternating current (AC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator includes two or more transistors and two or more resistors. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator does not include a capacitor, and wherein the at least one resistor in used in place of the capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. 7. A wireless power reception device comprising:
at least one secondary core to receive a wireless power signal transmitted from a wireless power transmission device; a rectifier rectifying the received wireless power signal; a detection circuit to measure a strength of the wireless power signal by monitoring an output of the rectifier; a modulator that includes at least one resistor and at least one transistor and that modulates an amplitude of the wireless power signal based on the strength of the wireless power signal; and a controller configured to communicate with the wireless power transmission device using the modulator. 8. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the at least one transistor is any one of a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). 9. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator is coupled to a direct current (DC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 10. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator is coupled to an alternating current (AC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 11. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator includes two or more transistors and two or more resistors. 12. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator does not include a capacitor, and wherein the at least one resistor in used in place of the capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. | A wireless power reception device and a wireless communication method thereby are provided. The wireless communication method by the wireless power reception device may comprise the steps of: receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmission device; measuring the strength of the wireless power signal; modulating the amplitude of the wireless power signal according to the measured strength of the wireless power signal; and performing communication with the wireless power transmission device by using the signal having the amplitude modulated.1. A method by a wireless power reception device, the method comprising:
receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmission device;
measuring the strength of the wireless power signal;
measuring a strength of the wireless power signal; communicating with the wireless power transmission device using a modulator that includes at least one resistor and at least one transistor and that modulates an amplitude of the wireless power signal based on the strength of the wireless power signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one transistor is any one of a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator is coupled to a direct current (DC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator is coupled to an alternating current (AC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator includes two or more transistors and two or more resistors. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulator does not include a capacitor, and wherein the at least one resistor in used in place of the capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. 7. A wireless power reception device comprising:
at least one secondary core to receive a wireless power signal transmitted from a wireless power transmission device; a rectifier rectifying the received wireless power signal; a detection circuit to measure a strength of the wireless power signal by monitoring an output of the rectifier; a modulator that includes at least one resistor and at least one transistor and that modulates an amplitude of the wireless power signal based on the strength of the wireless power signal; and a controller configured to communicate with the wireless power transmission device using the modulator. 8. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the at least one transistor is any one of a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). 9. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator is coupled to a direct current (DC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 10. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator is coupled to an alternating current (AC) terminal of the wireless power reception device. 11. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator includes two or more transistors and two or more resistors. 12. The wireless power reception device of claim 7, wherein the modulator does not include a capacitor, and wherein the at least one resistor in used in place of the capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. | 3,700 |
344,003 | 16,803,471 | 3,715 | An optical fiber polisher includes a polishing mechanism, a platen, and a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user. The optical fiber polisher includes a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including causing a ramping down of at least one of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. | 1. An optical fiber polisher, comprising:
a polishing mechanism; a platen; a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user; and a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including causing a ramping down of at least one of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 2. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping down of the pressure based on the operational parameters. 3. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping down of the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 4. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping down of both the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 5. The optical fiber polisher of claim 4, wherein the operational parameters include a speed ramp down time, and wherein the processor causes the ramping down of the rotational speed over a time period defined by the speed ramp down time. 6. The optical fiber polisher of claim 4, wherein the operational parameters include a pressure ramp down time, and wherein the processor causes the ramping down of the pressure over a time period defined by the pressure ramp down time. 7. The optical fiber polisher of claim 4, wherein the operational parameters include a delay parameter, and wherein the processor causes an ending of the ramping down of the rotational speed to occur later in time than an ending of the ramping down of the pressure based on the delay parameter. 8. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping up of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 9. The optical fiber polisher of claim 8, wherein the operational parameters include a delay parameter, and wherein the processor causes a beginning of the ramping up of the pressure to occur later in time than a beginning of the ramping up of the rotational speed based on the delay parameter. 10. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the operational parameters include a rotational motion direction parameter, and wherein the processor controls a rotational motion direction of the platen based on the rotational motion direction parameter. 11. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber polisher is configured to perform a polishing process in a plurality of polishing steps, and wherein each of the polishing steps includes a set of operational parameters that may vary from operational parameters of other ones of the polishing steps. 12. The optical fiber polisher of claim 11, wherein the set of operational parameters for each of the polishing steps includes a rotational motion direction parameter, and wherein the processor selects, for each of the polishing steps, either a clockwise rotation or a counterclockwise rotation of the platen based on the rotational motion direction parameter for that polishing step. 13. The optical fiber polisher of claim 11, wherein the set of operational parameters for at least a subset of the polishing steps includes an auto start parameter indicating whether that polishing step should start automatically upon completion of an immediately preceding polishing step. 14. A method, comprising:
storing, in a memory, operational parameters entered by a user; and controlling, with a processor, a pressure applied by a polishing mechanism of an optical fiber polisher and a rotational speed of a platen of the optical fiber polisher, including causing a ramping down of at least one of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational parameters include a speed ramp down time, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing, with the processor, the ramping down of the rotational speed over a time period defined by the speed ramp down time. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational parameters include a pressure ramp down time, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing, with the processor, the ramping down of the pressure over a time period defined by the pressure ramp down time. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational parameters include a rotational motion direction parameter, and wherein the method further comprises:
controlling, with the processor, a rotational motion direction of the platen based on the rotational motion direction parameter. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the optical fiber polisher is configured to perform a polishing process in a plurality of polishing steps, and wherein each of the polishing steps includes a set of operational parameters that may vary from operational parameters of other ones of the polishing steps, and wherein the set of operational parameters for at least a subset of the polishing steps includes an auto start parameter indicating whether that polishing step should start automatically upon completion of an immediately preceding polishing step. 19. An optical fiber polisher, comprising:
a polishing mechanism; a platen; a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user; and a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including causing a beginning of the applied pressure to occur later in time than a beginning of rotation of the platen based on the operational parameters. 20. An optical fiber polisher, comprising:
a polishing mechanism; a platen; a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user; and a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including reducing the rotational speed to zero later in time than an ending of the applied pressure based on the operational parameters. | An optical fiber polisher includes a polishing mechanism, a platen, and a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user. The optical fiber polisher includes a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including causing a ramping down of at least one of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters.1. An optical fiber polisher, comprising:
a polishing mechanism; a platen; a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user; and a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including causing a ramping down of at least one of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 2. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping down of the pressure based on the operational parameters. 3. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping down of the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 4. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping down of both the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 5. The optical fiber polisher of claim 4, wherein the operational parameters include a speed ramp down time, and wherein the processor causes the ramping down of the rotational speed over a time period defined by the speed ramp down time. 6. The optical fiber polisher of claim 4, wherein the operational parameters include a pressure ramp down time, and wherein the processor causes the ramping down of the pressure over a time period defined by the pressure ramp down time. 7. The optical fiber polisher of claim 4, wherein the operational parameters include a delay parameter, and wherein the processor causes an ending of the ramping down of the rotational speed to occur later in time than an ending of the ramping down of the pressure based on the delay parameter. 8. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the processor causes a ramping up of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 9. The optical fiber polisher of claim 8, wherein the operational parameters include a delay parameter, and wherein the processor causes a beginning of the ramping up of the pressure to occur later in time than a beginning of the ramping up of the rotational speed based on the delay parameter. 10. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the operational parameters include a rotational motion direction parameter, and wherein the processor controls a rotational motion direction of the platen based on the rotational motion direction parameter. 11. The optical fiber polisher of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber polisher is configured to perform a polishing process in a plurality of polishing steps, and wherein each of the polishing steps includes a set of operational parameters that may vary from operational parameters of other ones of the polishing steps. 12. The optical fiber polisher of claim 11, wherein the set of operational parameters for each of the polishing steps includes a rotational motion direction parameter, and wherein the processor selects, for each of the polishing steps, either a clockwise rotation or a counterclockwise rotation of the platen based on the rotational motion direction parameter for that polishing step. 13. The optical fiber polisher of claim 11, wherein the set of operational parameters for at least a subset of the polishing steps includes an auto start parameter indicating whether that polishing step should start automatically upon completion of an immediately preceding polishing step. 14. A method, comprising:
storing, in a memory, operational parameters entered by a user; and controlling, with a processor, a pressure applied by a polishing mechanism of an optical fiber polisher and a rotational speed of a platen of the optical fiber polisher, including causing a ramping down of at least one of the pressure and the rotational speed based on the operational parameters. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational parameters include a speed ramp down time, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing, with the processor, the ramping down of the rotational speed over a time period defined by the speed ramp down time. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational parameters include a pressure ramp down time, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing, with the processor, the ramping down of the pressure over a time period defined by the pressure ramp down time. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational parameters include a rotational motion direction parameter, and wherein the method further comprises:
controlling, with the processor, a rotational motion direction of the platen based on the rotational motion direction parameter. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the optical fiber polisher is configured to perform a polishing process in a plurality of polishing steps, and wherein each of the polishing steps includes a set of operational parameters that may vary from operational parameters of other ones of the polishing steps, and wherein the set of operational parameters for at least a subset of the polishing steps includes an auto start parameter indicating whether that polishing step should start automatically upon completion of an immediately preceding polishing step. 19. An optical fiber polisher, comprising:
a polishing mechanism; a platen; a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user; and a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including causing a beginning of the applied pressure to occur later in time than a beginning of rotation of the platen based on the operational parameters. 20. An optical fiber polisher, comprising:
a polishing mechanism; a platen; a memory for storing operational parameters entered by a user; and a processor to control a pressure applied by the polishing mechanism and a rotational speed of the platen, including reducing the rotational speed to zero later in time than an ending of the applied pressure based on the operational parameters. | 3,700 |
344,004 | 16,803,445 | 3,715 | A crusher having a substantially tubular casing, closed in an upper region by a cover and in a lower region by a base. The crusher also includes a rotating shaft, which is internal and coaxial to the casing, with multiple supporting elements, each element for supporting a number of crushing elements, being keyed to the shaft. | 1. A crusher comprising:
a substantially tubular casing, closed in an upper region by a cover and in a lower region by a base, a rotating shaft, which is internal and coaxial to said casing, a plurality of supporting elements, each of said supporting elements configured to support a plurality of crushing elements, being keyed to said shaft, wherein said crushing elements have circular trajectories with a circumference that at least partially increases from an upper region toward a lower region of the crusher. 2. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said supporting elements are substantially disc-shaped. 3. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said crushing elements are hammers, elements with a star-shaped profile, maces, and/or paddles. 4. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said crushing elements are pivoted by at least one hinge element to at least two of said parallel supporting elements. 5. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the crusher has substantially three processing stages including:
a first breakup stage provided with said crushing elements constituted by hammers, a second disaggregation stage provided with said crushing elements constituted by hammers and elements with a star-shaped profile, and a third compaction stage provided with said crushing elements constituted by hammers and maces. 6. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said cover has:
a first region having an inlet configured for introducing the articles to be crushed inside said crusher, and a second region that is openable. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, wherein said second region is arranged opposite said first region and is constituted by two portions. 8. The crusher according to claim 7, wherein each one of said two portions has an external surface with a substantially circular arc shape and is coupled to said first fixed region by a hinge, symmetrically with respect to each other, said hinge being arranged proximate to an end of the circular arc defined by each one of said two portions of said cover. 9. The crusher according to claim 8, wherein said two portions have adjacent ends of said circular arc, said adjacent ends being each opposite said end coupled to said hinge. 10. The crusher according to claim 7, wherein each one of said portions of said cover is connected to motor means adapted to make it rotate about its own hinge. 11. The crusher according to claim 7, wherein two corresponding curved and openable portions of said casing are disposed below said two portions of said cover each one of said corresponding curved and openable portions being coupled to a corresponding one of said two portions of said cover and being hinged to a fixed portion of said casing on a same axis as said hinge, each one of said curved and openable portions being adjacent and symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry of said casing. 12. The crusher according to claim 11, wherein adjacent edges of said curved and openable portions of said casing are mutually fixed using a plurality of removable couplings. 13. The crusher according to claim 11, wherein said removable couplings are a plurality of pins fixed to one of said curved and openable portions and a plurality of corresponding eyes that translate in a concordant and synchronized manner, connected to another one of said curved portions, said eyes all being connected to a same bar moved by an actuator, said pins being adapted to be inserted in said eyes. 14. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising motor means, a transmission belt and a pulley which is keyed on said rotating shaft for the movement of said rotating shaft, said pulley being keyed on said rotating shaft. 15. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising a system for recovering the produced fragments disposed proximate to said base. 16. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising an internal surface covered by a plurality of replaceable applied portions of abrasion-resistant material. 17. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising an extraction apparatus, which is adapted to retain any toxic, incendiary, explosive dust, and/or fumes above certain concentrations but not to extract metal dust to be recycled, said apparatus being connected to an output portion of said crusher. 18. The crusher according to claim 17, having a connecting duct disposed between said output portion and an access portion connected to said inlet. 19. The crusher according to claim 18, further comprising above said duct and at an upper end thereof, a deflector inclined with respect to an extension direction of said duct, extendings from a side wall of said access portion substantially up to said inlet, allowing a passage between said duct and said inlet. 20. The crusher according to claim 4, wherein said at least one hinge element has an end shaped so as to form a receptacle of an arc-like portion of a hook, said hook being connected to one of said supporting elements by a pivot perpendicular thereto and configured to rotate about an axis of said pivot. | A crusher having a substantially tubular casing, closed in an upper region by a cover and in a lower region by a base. The crusher also includes a rotating shaft, which is internal and coaxial to the casing, with multiple supporting elements, each element for supporting a number of crushing elements, being keyed to the shaft.1. A crusher comprising:
a substantially tubular casing, closed in an upper region by a cover and in a lower region by a base, a rotating shaft, which is internal and coaxial to said casing, a plurality of supporting elements, each of said supporting elements configured to support a plurality of crushing elements, being keyed to said shaft, wherein said crushing elements have circular trajectories with a circumference that at least partially increases from an upper region toward a lower region of the crusher. 2. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said supporting elements are substantially disc-shaped. 3. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said crushing elements are hammers, elements with a star-shaped profile, maces, and/or paddles. 4. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said crushing elements are pivoted by at least one hinge element to at least two of said parallel supporting elements. 5. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the crusher has substantially three processing stages including:
a first breakup stage provided with said crushing elements constituted by hammers, a second disaggregation stage provided with said crushing elements constituted by hammers and elements with a star-shaped profile, and a third compaction stage provided with said crushing elements constituted by hammers and maces. 6. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said cover has:
a first region having an inlet configured for introducing the articles to be crushed inside said crusher, and a second region that is openable. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, wherein said second region is arranged opposite said first region and is constituted by two portions. 8. The crusher according to claim 7, wherein each one of said two portions has an external surface with a substantially circular arc shape and is coupled to said first fixed region by a hinge, symmetrically with respect to each other, said hinge being arranged proximate to an end of the circular arc defined by each one of said two portions of said cover. 9. The crusher according to claim 8, wherein said two portions have adjacent ends of said circular arc, said adjacent ends being each opposite said end coupled to said hinge. 10. The crusher according to claim 7, wherein each one of said portions of said cover is connected to motor means adapted to make it rotate about its own hinge. 11. The crusher according to claim 7, wherein two corresponding curved and openable portions of said casing are disposed below said two portions of said cover each one of said corresponding curved and openable portions being coupled to a corresponding one of said two portions of said cover and being hinged to a fixed portion of said casing on a same axis as said hinge, each one of said curved and openable portions being adjacent and symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry of said casing. 12. The crusher according to claim 11, wherein adjacent edges of said curved and openable portions of said casing are mutually fixed using a plurality of removable couplings. 13. The crusher according to claim 11, wherein said removable couplings are a plurality of pins fixed to one of said curved and openable portions and a plurality of corresponding eyes that translate in a concordant and synchronized manner, connected to another one of said curved portions, said eyes all being connected to a same bar moved by an actuator, said pins being adapted to be inserted in said eyes. 14. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising motor means, a transmission belt and a pulley which is keyed on said rotating shaft for the movement of said rotating shaft, said pulley being keyed on said rotating shaft. 15. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising a system for recovering the produced fragments disposed proximate to said base. 16. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising an internal surface covered by a plurality of replaceable applied portions of abrasion-resistant material. 17. The crusher according to claim 1, comprising an extraction apparatus, which is adapted to retain any toxic, incendiary, explosive dust, and/or fumes above certain concentrations but not to extract metal dust to be recycled, said apparatus being connected to an output portion of said crusher. 18. The crusher according to claim 17, having a connecting duct disposed between said output portion and an access portion connected to said inlet. 19. The crusher according to claim 18, further comprising above said duct and at an upper end thereof, a deflector inclined with respect to an extension direction of said duct, extendings from a side wall of said access portion substantially up to said inlet, allowing a passage between said duct and said inlet. 20. The crusher according to claim 4, wherein said at least one hinge element has an end shaped so as to form a receptacle of an arc-like portion of a hook, said hook being connected to one of said supporting elements by a pivot perpendicular thereto and configured to rotate about an axis of said pivot. | 3,700 |
344,005 | 16,803,455 | 3,715 | A method of treating a defective mitral valve includes inserting a delivery catheter through a small incision in a patient's groin, wherein the delivery catheter has a prosthetic device positioned along a distal end thereof. The prosthetic device includes an insert member and an anchoring member, wherein the insert member is made from a shape memory material and is surrounded by a biocompatible fabric outer layer. The insert member is positioned within a mitral valve and self-expands in a gap between the native leaflets. The anchoring member is attached to surrounding tissue. After deployment of the prosthetic device, the native leaflets of the mitral valve form a tight seal against the biocompatible fabric outer layer and the insert member fills the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve for preventing regurgitation during ventricular systole. | 1. A method of treating a defective mitral valve, comprising:
inserting a delivery catheter through a small incision in a patient's groin, the delivery catheter having a prosthetic device contained within a sheath along a distal end of the delivery catheter, the prosthetic device including a self-expanding insert member and an anchoring member, the self-expanding insert member formed from a shape memory material surrounded by a biocompatible fabric outer layer, wherein the self-expanding insert member has a cross-sectional profile shaped for filling a gap between native leaflets of a mitral valve; advancing the distal end of the delivery catheter through a patient's vasculature and toward a left ventricle; allowing the self-expanding insert member to self-expand in the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve; attaching the anchoring member to surrounding tissue; and detaching the prosthetic device from the delivery catheter and removing the delivery catheter from the patient; wherein, after deployment of the prosthetic device, the native leaflets of the mitral valve form a tight seal against the biocompatible fabric outer layer and the self-expanding insert member fills the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve for preventing regurgitation during ventricular systole. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the insert member is shaped with tapered ends to minimize hemolytic effects. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible fabric outer layer has a smooth surface for inhibiting abrasion along the native leaflets of the mitral valve. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchoring member is formed of a shape memory material. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein barbs are provided along a surface of the anchoring member for enhancing attachment to the surrounding tissue. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein prongs are provided along a surface of the anchoring member for enhancing attachment to the surrounding tissue 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery catheter has a length of at least 80 cm for percutaneous advancement through the patient's vasculature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the insert member has a crescent-shape cross-sectional profile. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible fabric outer layer covers the entire insert member. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the native leaflets of the mitral valve continue to function after deployment of the prosthetic device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the sheath has a deflectable end portion for facilitating navigation. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the prosthetic device is advanced relative to the sheath for allowing the insert member to self-expand. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the insert member exhibits sufficient rigidity to substantially maintain a deployed shape within the mitral valve after deployment and is flexible enough to be compressed to a reduced diameter for containment within the sheath. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchoring member comprises an elongate body portion. 15. A method of treating a defective mitral valve, comprising:
inserting a delivery catheter through a small incision in a patient's groin, the delivery catheter having a prosthetic device contained within a sheath along a distal end of the delivery catheter, the prosthetic device including an insert member and an anchoring member, the insert member formed from a shape memory material and surrounded by a biocompatible fabric outer layer, the insert member having a cross-sectional profile shaped for filling a gap between native leaflets of a mitral valve, the insert member having tapered ends for minimizing hemolytic effects; advancing the distal end of the delivery catheter through the sheath and toward a left ventricle, wherein the sheath has a deflectable distal end portion for facilitating navigation; ejecting the prosthetic device from the sheath; allowing the insert member to self-expand in the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve; attaching the anchoring member to surrounding tissue, wherein barbs are provided along a surface of the anchoring member for enhancing attachment to the surrounding tissue; and detaching the prosthetic device from the delivery catheter and removing the delivery catheter and sheath from the patient; wherein, after deployment of the prosthetic device, the native leaflets of the mitral valve form a tight seal against the biocompatible fabric outer layer and the insert member fills the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve for preventing regurgitation during ventricular systole. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the delivery catheter has a length of at least 80 cm for percutaneous advancement through the patient's vasculature. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the native leaflets of the mitral valve continue to function after deployment of the prosthetic device. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the insert member exhibits sufficient rigidity to substantially maintain a deployed shape within the mitral valve after deployment and is flexible enough to be compressed to a reduced diameter for containment within the sheath. | A method of treating a defective mitral valve includes inserting a delivery catheter through a small incision in a patient's groin, wherein the delivery catheter has a prosthetic device positioned along a distal end thereof. The prosthetic device includes an insert member and an anchoring member, wherein the insert member is made from a shape memory material and is surrounded by a biocompatible fabric outer layer. The insert member is positioned within a mitral valve and self-expands in a gap between the native leaflets. The anchoring member is attached to surrounding tissue. After deployment of the prosthetic device, the native leaflets of the mitral valve form a tight seal against the biocompatible fabric outer layer and the insert member fills the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve for preventing regurgitation during ventricular systole.1. A method of treating a defective mitral valve, comprising:
inserting a delivery catheter through a small incision in a patient's groin, the delivery catheter having a prosthetic device contained within a sheath along a distal end of the delivery catheter, the prosthetic device including a self-expanding insert member and an anchoring member, the self-expanding insert member formed from a shape memory material surrounded by a biocompatible fabric outer layer, wherein the self-expanding insert member has a cross-sectional profile shaped for filling a gap between native leaflets of a mitral valve; advancing the distal end of the delivery catheter through a patient's vasculature and toward a left ventricle; allowing the self-expanding insert member to self-expand in the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve; attaching the anchoring member to surrounding tissue; and detaching the prosthetic device from the delivery catheter and removing the delivery catheter from the patient; wherein, after deployment of the prosthetic device, the native leaflets of the mitral valve form a tight seal against the biocompatible fabric outer layer and the self-expanding insert member fills the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve for preventing regurgitation during ventricular systole. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the insert member is shaped with tapered ends to minimize hemolytic effects. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible fabric outer layer has a smooth surface for inhibiting abrasion along the native leaflets of the mitral valve. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchoring member is formed of a shape memory material. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein barbs are provided along a surface of the anchoring member for enhancing attachment to the surrounding tissue. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein prongs are provided along a surface of the anchoring member for enhancing attachment to the surrounding tissue 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery catheter has a length of at least 80 cm for percutaneous advancement through the patient's vasculature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the insert member has a crescent-shape cross-sectional profile. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible fabric outer layer covers the entire insert member. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the native leaflets of the mitral valve continue to function after deployment of the prosthetic device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the sheath has a deflectable end portion for facilitating navigation. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the prosthetic device is advanced relative to the sheath for allowing the insert member to self-expand. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the insert member exhibits sufficient rigidity to substantially maintain a deployed shape within the mitral valve after deployment and is flexible enough to be compressed to a reduced diameter for containment within the sheath. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchoring member comprises an elongate body portion. 15. A method of treating a defective mitral valve, comprising:
inserting a delivery catheter through a small incision in a patient's groin, the delivery catheter having a prosthetic device contained within a sheath along a distal end of the delivery catheter, the prosthetic device including an insert member and an anchoring member, the insert member formed from a shape memory material and surrounded by a biocompatible fabric outer layer, the insert member having a cross-sectional profile shaped for filling a gap between native leaflets of a mitral valve, the insert member having tapered ends for minimizing hemolytic effects; advancing the distal end of the delivery catheter through the sheath and toward a left ventricle, wherein the sheath has a deflectable distal end portion for facilitating navigation; ejecting the prosthetic device from the sheath; allowing the insert member to self-expand in the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve; attaching the anchoring member to surrounding tissue, wherein barbs are provided along a surface of the anchoring member for enhancing attachment to the surrounding tissue; and detaching the prosthetic device from the delivery catheter and removing the delivery catheter and sheath from the patient; wherein, after deployment of the prosthetic device, the native leaflets of the mitral valve form a tight seal against the biocompatible fabric outer layer and the insert member fills the gap between the native leaflets of the mitral valve for preventing regurgitation during ventricular systole. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the delivery catheter has a length of at least 80 cm for percutaneous advancement through the patient's vasculature. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the native leaflets of the mitral valve continue to function after deployment of the prosthetic device. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the insert member exhibits sufficient rigidity to substantially maintain a deployed shape within the mitral valve after deployment and is flexible enough to be compressed to a reduced diameter for containment within the sheath. | 3,700 |
344,006 | 16,803,448 | 3,715 | An analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: calculate a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word; apply, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold; analyze the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classify the second word into one or more first categories; and display, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. | 1. An analyzing apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
calculate a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word;
apply, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold;
analyze the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classify the second word into one or more first categories; and
display, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to search for content based on the first categories. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
determine a degree of association between each of the first categories and the second word based on a number of template sentences used when classifying the second word into the one or more first categories; and display the second word together with the degree of association. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to display display information for receiving a change, a deletion, or an addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to change the first similarity to follow the change, the deletion, or the addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to perform a change, a deletion, or an addition on the one or more first categories, into which the second word is classified, to follow the change, the deletion, or the addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 7. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a content database that stores content and a second category representing a classification of the content in a manner that the content and the second category are associated with each other,
wherein the hardware processor is further configured to perform a change, a deletion, or an addition on the second category to follow the change, the deletion, or the addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a display format of the display information is a map format in which an association between the one or more first categories and the second word is represented by a position of the first categories and a position of the second word, and the hardware processor is further configured to:
receive a change on the first categories associated with the second word by an input representing a change in the position of the second word; and
change the first similarity to follow the change in the position of the second word. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, the hardware processor is further configured to:
receive speech data; calculate a second similarity between a third word included in the speech data and the first word; and calculate a first similarity between the first word and the second word, the first word having the second similarity higher than a second threshold. 10. An analyzing method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
calculating a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word; applying, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold; analyzing the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classifying the second word into one or more first categories; and displaying, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. 11. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
calculate a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word; apply, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold; analyze the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classify the second word into one or more first categories; and display, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. | An analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: calculate a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word; apply, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold; analyze the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classify the second word into one or more first categories; and display, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device.1. An analyzing apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
calculate a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word;
apply, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold;
analyze the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classify the second word into one or more first categories; and
display, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to search for content based on the first categories. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
determine a degree of association between each of the first categories and the second word based on a number of template sentences used when classifying the second word into the one or more first categories; and display the second word together with the degree of association. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to display display information for receiving a change, a deletion, or an addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to change the first similarity to follow the change, the deletion, or the addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to perform a change, a deletion, or an addition on the one or more first categories, into which the second word is classified, to follow the change, the deletion, or the addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 7. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a content database that stores content and a second category representing a classification of the content in a manner that the content and the second category are associated with each other,
wherein the hardware processor is further configured to perform a change, a deletion, or an addition on the second category to follow the change, the deletion, or the addition on the one or more first categories associated with the second word. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a display format of the display information is a map format in which an association between the one or more first categories and the second word is represented by a position of the first categories and a position of the second word, and the hardware processor is further configured to:
receive a change on the first categories associated with the second word by an input representing a change in the position of the second word; and
change the first similarity to follow the change in the position of the second word. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, the hardware processor is further configured to:
receive speech data; calculate a second similarity between a third word included in the speech data and the first word; and calculate a first similarity between the first word and the second word, the first word having the second similarity higher than a second threshold. 10. An analyzing method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
calculating a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word; applying, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold; analyzing the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classifying the second word into one or more first categories; and displaying, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. 11. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
calculate a first similarity between a first word representing a category and a second word; apply, to one or more template sentences, each of one or more second words having the first similarity higher than a first threshold; analyze the one or more template sentences each including the second word and classify the second word into one or more first categories; and display, for each of the first categories, the second word used in the classification into the first categories on a display device. | 3,700 |
344,007 | 16,803,440 | 3,715 | While a cover moves to a closed position, a second engagement portion contacts a first engagement portion to displace the first engagement portion, and thus a guide portion moves to a guide position. While the cover moves from the closed position to a first open position, the second engagement portion and the first engagement portion are separated, and the guide portion moves from the guide position to an open position. | 1. A sheet guide mechanism for sandwiching a sheet medium between a reception portion and a guide portion and guiding the sheet medium,
the guide portion being configured to be movable to a guide position in which the guide portion faces the reception portion to sandwich the sheet medium, and to an open position in which the sheet medium is insertable and removable from between the reception portion and the guide portion, the sheet guide mechanism comprising: a cover configured to cover the sheet medium; and a first engagement portion configured to engage with the guide portion to move the guide portion to the guide position, wherein the cover is movable to a closed position in which the cover covers the sheet medium, and to an open position in which the cover forms an opening that allows handling of the sheet medium, and includes a second engagement portion configured to contact the first engagement portion in the closed position, while the cover moves to the closed position, the second engagement portion contacts the first engagement portion to displace the first engagement portion, and thus the guide portion moves to the guide position, and while the cover moves from the closed position to the open position, the second engagement portion and the first engagement portion are separated, and the guide portion moves from the guide position to the open position. 2. The sheet guide mechanism according to claim 1, comprising
a biasing member configured to bias the guide portion toward the open position, wherein while the cover moves to the closed position, the guide portion is pressed, by the first engagement portion, against a biasing force of the biasing member, and the guide portion moves to the guide position. 3. The sheet guide mechanism according to claim 1, wherein
the reception portion and the guide portion are disposed at two locations away from each other in a width direction intersecting a transport direction of the sheet medium, and at least one of the reception portion and the guide portion includes a regulating surface that abuts the sheet medium to regulate movement in the width direction of the sheet medium. 4. The sheet guide mechanism according to claim 3, wherein
at least one of the two reception portions is movable in the width direction of the sheet medium. 5. A printing apparatus, comprising:
a transport unit configured to transport the sheet medium; a printing unit configured to perform printing on the sheet medium; and the sheet guide mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the sheet medium transported by the transport unit is guided by the sheet guide mechanism. | While a cover moves to a closed position, a second engagement portion contacts a first engagement portion to displace the first engagement portion, and thus a guide portion moves to a guide position. While the cover moves from the closed position to a first open position, the second engagement portion and the first engagement portion are separated, and the guide portion moves from the guide position to an open position.1. A sheet guide mechanism for sandwiching a sheet medium between a reception portion and a guide portion and guiding the sheet medium,
the guide portion being configured to be movable to a guide position in which the guide portion faces the reception portion to sandwich the sheet medium, and to an open position in which the sheet medium is insertable and removable from between the reception portion and the guide portion, the sheet guide mechanism comprising: a cover configured to cover the sheet medium; and a first engagement portion configured to engage with the guide portion to move the guide portion to the guide position, wherein the cover is movable to a closed position in which the cover covers the sheet medium, and to an open position in which the cover forms an opening that allows handling of the sheet medium, and includes a second engagement portion configured to contact the first engagement portion in the closed position, while the cover moves to the closed position, the second engagement portion contacts the first engagement portion to displace the first engagement portion, and thus the guide portion moves to the guide position, and while the cover moves from the closed position to the open position, the second engagement portion and the first engagement portion are separated, and the guide portion moves from the guide position to the open position. 2. The sheet guide mechanism according to claim 1, comprising
a biasing member configured to bias the guide portion toward the open position, wherein while the cover moves to the closed position, the guide portion is pressed, by the first engagement portion, against a biasing force of the biasing member, and the guide portion moves to the guide position. 3. The sheet guide mechanism according to claim 1, wherein
the reception portion and the guide portion are disposed at two locations away from each other in a width direction intersecting a transport direction of the sheet medium, and at least one of the reception portion and the guide portion includes a regulating surface that abuts the sheet medium to regulate movement in the width direction of the sheet medium. 4. The sheet guide mechanism according to claim 3, wherein
at least one of the two reception portions is movable in the width direction of the sheet medium. 5. A printing apparatus, comprising:
a transport unit configured to transport the sheet medium; a printing unit configured to perform printing on the sheet medium; and the sheet guide mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the sheet medium transported by the transport unit is guided by the sheet guide mechanism. | 3,700 |
344,008 | 16,803,451 | 3,715 | A display device includes a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; and a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound, wherein the first sound includes both sound in a low-frequency range and sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; and a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound, wherein the first sound includes both sound in a low-frequency range and sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. 2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the third sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a third sound signal to output third sound, wherein the third sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein:
the low-frequency range is less than or equal to about 800 MHz, and the high-frequency range is greater than or equal to about 800 MHz. 4. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a sound driver configured to generate the first, second, and third sound signals from first and second stereo signals in a first mode, and generate the first, second, and third sound signals from the first stereo signal, the second stereo signal, and a third stereo signal in a second mode. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the first mode, is configured to calculate first and second high-frequency signals by high-pass-filtering the first and second stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first and second stereo signals, and calculate a mixed low-frequency signal from the mixed stereo signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the first mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, and convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the first mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the second mode, is configured to calculate first and second high-frequency signals by high-pass-filtering the first and second stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first and second stereo signals, calculate a mixed low-frequency signal by low-pass-filtering the mixed stereo signal, and generate a modulated stereo signal by mixing the mixed low-frequency signal and the third stereo signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the second mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, and convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the second mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator. 7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the second mode, is configured to calculate first, second, and third high-frequency signals by high-pass-filtering the first, second, and third stereo signals, respectively, calculate first, second, and third low-frequency signals by low-pass-filtering the first, second, and third stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first and second stereo signals, calculate a mixed low-frequency signal by low-pass-filtering the mixed stereo signal, generate a mixed low-frequency signal by mixing the first, second, and third low-frequency signals, and generate a modulated stereo signal by mixing the third high-frequency signal and the mixed low-frequency signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the second mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, and convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the second mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator. 8. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a sound driver configured to generate first, second, and third modulated stereo signals using first and second stereo signals, generate the first, second, and third sound signals from the first and second modulated stereo signals in a first mode, and generate the first, second, and third sound signals from the first, second, and third modulated stereo signals in a second mode. 9. The display device of claim 2, wherein:
the first sound generator includes a bobbin disposed on the first surface of the substrate, a voice coil around the bobbin, and a magnet disposed on and spaced apart from the bobbin, and each of the second and third sound generators includes a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied, a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied, and a piezoelectric material configured to contract or expand in accordance with the first or second driving voltage. 10. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the second sound generator is closer to a first side of the display panel than is the third sound generator, the third sound generator is closer to a second side of the display panel, which is opposite the first side, than is the second sound generator, and the first sound generator is closer to a center of the display panel than are the second and third sound generators. 11. A display device, comprising:
a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound; and a fourth sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the fourth sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a fourth sound signal to reinforce the first sound, wherein the first sound includes sound in a low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein
a distance between the first and fourth sound generators is smaller than a distance between the first and second sound generators, a length, in a first direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the first direction, of the third sound generator, and a length, in a second direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the second direction, of the second sound generator. 13. The display device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third sound generator disposed on the second surface of the first substrate, the third sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a third sound signal to output third sound, wherein the third sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein:
the low-frequency range is less than or equal to about 800 MHz, and the high-frequency range is greater than or equal to about 800 MHz. 15. The display device of claim 13, wherein:
a distance between the first and fourth sound generators is smaller than a distance between the first and third sound generators, a length, in a first direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the first direction, of the third sound generator, and a length, in a second direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the second direction, of the third sound generator. 16. The display device of claim 13, further comprising:
a sound driver configured to generate the first, second, and fourth sound signals from first and second stereo signals in a first mode, and generate the first, second, third, and fourth sound signals from the first stereo signal, the second stereo signal, and a third stereo signal in a second mode. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the second mode, is configured to calculate first, second, and third high-frequency signals from the first, second, and third stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first, second, and third stereo signals, and calculate a mixed low-frequency signal by low-pass-filtering the mixed stereo signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the second mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal, and convert the third high-frequency signal into a fourth analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the second mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator, and amplify the fourth analog signal into the fourth sound signal and output the fourth sound signal to the fourth sound generator. 18. The display device of claim 11, wherein:
the first sound generator includes a bobbin disposed on the first surface of the substrate, a voice coil disposed around the bobbin, and a magnet disposed on and spaced apart from the bobbin, and each of the second and third sound generators includes a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied, a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied, and a piezoelectric material configured to contract or expand in accordance with the first or second driving voltage. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the bobbin of the first sound generator is around the fourth sound generator. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the bobbin of the first sound generator is on a surface of the fourth sound generator. 21. A sound providing method, comprising:
calculating a first high-frequency signal, a second high-frequency signal, and a mixed low-frequency signal from first stereo sound and second stereo sound in a first mode; and in the first mode, converting the mixed low-frequency signal into a first sound signal and outputting the first sound signal to a first sound generator, converting the first high-frequency signal into a second sound signal and outputting the second sound signal to a second sound generator, and converting the second high-frequency signal into a third sound signal and outputting the third sound signal to a third sound generator. 22. The sound providing method of claim 21, further comprising:
in a second mode, calculating the first high-frequency signal, the second high-frequency signal, and a modulated stereo signal from the first stereo signal, the second stereo signal, and a third stereo signal; and in the second mode, converting the modulated stereo signal into the first sound signal and outputting the first sound signal to the first sound generator, converting the first high-frequency signal into the second sound signal and outputting the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and converting the second high-frequency signal into the third sound signal and outputting the third sound signal to the third sound generator. | A display device includes a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; and a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound, wherein the first sound includes both sound in a low-frequency range and sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in the high-frequency range.1. A display device, comprising:
a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; and a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound, wherein the first sound includes both sound in a low-frequency range and sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. 2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the third sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a third sound signal to output third sound, wherein the third sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein:
the low-frequency range is less than or equal to about 800 MHz, and the high-frequency range is greater than or equal to about 800 MHz. 4. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a sound driver configured to generate the first, second, and third sound signals from first and second stereo signals in a first mode, and generate the first, second, and third sound signals from the first stereo signal, the second stereo signal, and a third stereo signal in a second mode. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the first mode, is configured to calculate first and second high-frequency signals by high-pass-filtering the first and second stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first and second stereo signals, and calculate a mixed low-frequency signal from the mixed stereo signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the first mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, and convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the first mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the second mode, is configured to calculate first and second high-frequency signals by high-pass-filtering the first and second stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first and second stereo signals, calculate a mixed low-frequency signal by low-pass-filtering the mixed stereo signal, and generate a modulated stereo signal by mixing the mixed low-frequency signal and the third stereo signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the second mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, and convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the second mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator. 7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the second mode, is configured to calculate first, second, and third high-frequency signals by high-pass-filtering the first, second, and third stereo signals, respectively, calculate first, second, and third low-frequency signals by low-pass-filtering the first, second, and third stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first and second stereo signals, calculate a mixed low-frequency signal by low-pass-filtering the mixed stereo signal, generate a mixed low-frequency signal by mixing the first, second, and third low-frequency signals, and generate a modulated stereo signal by mixing the third high-frequency signal and the mixed low-frequency signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the second mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, and convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the second mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator. 8. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a sound driver configured to generate first, second, and third modulated stereo signals using first and second stereo signals, generate the first, second, and third sound signals from the first and second modulated stereo signals in a first mode, and generate the first, second, and third sound signals from the first, second, and third modulated stereo signals in a second mode. 9. The display device of claim 2, wherein:
the first sound generator includes a bobbin disposed on the first surface of the substrate, a voice coil around the bobbin, and a magnet disposed on and spaced apart from the bobbin, and each of the second and third sound generators includes a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied, a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied, and a piezoelectric material configured to contract or expand in accordance with the first or second driving voltage. 10. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the second sound generator is closer to a first side of the display panel than is the third sound generator, the third sound generator is closer to a second side of the display panel, which is opposite the first side, than is the second sound generator, and the first sound generator is closer to a center of the display panel than are the second and third sound generators. 11. A display device, comprising:
a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound; and a fourth sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the fourth sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a fourth sound signal to reinforce the first sound, wherein the first sound includes sound in a low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein
a distance between the first and fourth sound generators is smaller than a distance between the first and second sound generators, a length, in a first direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the first direction, of the third sound generator, and a length, in a second direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the second direction, of the second sound generator. 13. The display device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third sound generator disposed on the second surface of the first substrate, the third sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a third sound signal to output third sound, wherein the third sound includes sound in the high-frequency range. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein:
the low-frequency range is less than or equal to about 800 MHz, and the high-frequency range is greater than or equal to about 800 MHz. 15. The display device of claim 13, wherein:
a distance between the first and fourth sound generators is smaller than a distance between the first and third sound generators, a length, in a first direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the first direction, of the third sound generator, and a length, in a second direction, of the fourth sound generator is smaller than a length, in the second direction, of the third sound generator. 16. The display device of claim 13, further comprising:
a sound driver configured to generate the first, second, and fourth sound signals from first and second stereo signals in a first mode, and generate the first, second, third, and fourth sound signals from the first stereo signal, the second stereo signal, and a third stereo signal in a second mode. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the sound driver includes:
a digital signal processor, which in the second mode, is configured to calculate first, second, and third high-frequency signals from the first, second, and third stereo signals, respectively, generate a mixed stereo signal by mixing the first, second, and third stereo signals, and calculate a mixed low-frequency signal by low-pass-filtering the mixed stereo signal; a digital-to-analog converter, which in the second mode, is configured to convert the mixed low-frequency signal into a first analog signal, convert the first high-frequency signal into a second analog signal, convert the second high-frequency signal into a third analog signal, and convert the third high-frequency signal into a fourth analog signal; and an amplifier, which in the second mode, is configured to amplify the first analog signal into the first sound signal and output the first sound signal to the first sound generator, amplify the second analog signal into the second sound signal and output the second sound signal to the second sound generator, amplify the third analog signal into the third sound signal and output the third sound signal to the third sound generator, and amplify the fourth analog signal into the fourth sound signal and output the fourth sound signal to the fourth sound generator. 18. The display device of claim 11, wherein:
the first sound generator includes a bobbin disposed on the first surface of the substrate, a voice coil disposed around the bobbin, and a magnet disposed on and spaced apart from the bobbin, and each of the second and third sound generators includes a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied, a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied, and a piezoelectric material configured to contract or expand in accordance with the first or second driving voltage. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the bobbin of the first sound generator is around the fourth sound generator. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the bobbin of the first sound generator is on a surface of the fourth sound generator. 21. A sound providing method, comprising:
calculating a first high-frequency signal, a second high-frequency signal, and a mixed low-frequency signal from first stereo sound and second stereo sound in a first mode; and in the first mode, converting the mixed low-frequency signal into a first sound signal and outputting the first sound signal to a first sound generator, converting the first high-frequency signal into a second sound signal and outputting the second sound signal to a second sound generator, and converting the second high-frequency signal into a third sound signal and outputting the third sound signal to a third sound generator. 22. The sound providing method of claim 21, further comprising:
in a second mode, calculating the first high-frequency signal, the second high-frequency signal, and a modulated stereo signal from the first stereo signal, the second stereo signal, and a third stereo signal; and in the second mode, converting the modulated stereo signal into the first sound signal and outputting the first sound signal to the first sound generator, converting the first high-frequency signal into the second sound signal and outputting the second sound signal to the second sound generator, and converting the second high-frequency signal into the third sound signal and outputting the third sound signal to the third sound generator. | 3,700 |
344,009 | 16,803,439 | 3,715 | The present disclosure provides various cyanobacterial extracts exhibiting antiviral activity to a wide spectrum of viruses, such as enterovirus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The cyanobacterial extract is prepared from biomass of A. maxima (or Spirulina maxima). Also disclosed herein are process for preparing the cyanobacterial extract and uses of the cyanobacterial extract. | 1. Arthrospira maxima extract (AM extract), comprising at least 25% (wt %) of total sugar in the AM extract, and at least 30 mol % of rhamnose. 2. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the content of the total sugar in the AM extract is 25-75% (wt %). 3. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the AM extract is derived from a high-molecular-weight fraction obtainable using a filter membrane having a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 KD. 4. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the AM extract comprises at least 60% (wt %) of neutral and/or positively charged polysaccharides based on the total sugars in the extract. 5. The AM extract according to the claim 4, wherein the content of neutral and/or positively charged polysaccharides based on the total sugars in the extract is 60-100% (wt %). 6. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the most abundant glycosyl linkage is 3-rhap. 7. The AM extract according to claim 1, wherein the AM extract is derived from a high-molecular-weight fraction obtainable using a filter membrane having a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 KD, and comprises at least 60% (wt %) of neutral and/or positively charged polysaccharides based on the total sugars in the extract. 8. A process for preparing the AM extract according to the claim 1, comprising the steps of,
extracting Arthrospira maxima biomass in hot water of 80-120° C. to obtain a crude extract; removing solid residues from the crude extract to obtain a hot-water extract; optionally, drying the hot-water extract to obtain hot-water extract powder; subjecting the hot-water extract or a solution comprising the hot-water extract powder to filtration using a filter membrane having a molecular weight cut-off value of 100 KD to obtain a high-molecular-weight fraction; optionally, drying the high-molecular-weight fraction to obtain high-molecular-weight extract powder; subjecting the high-molecular-weight fraction or a solution comprising the high-molecular-weight extract powder to an anion-exchange chromatography using an anion-exchange column; collecting the effluent flowing through the anion exchange column, wherein the effluent comprises AM extract rich in positively-charged and/or neutral polysaccharides; eluting the anion exchange column with a salt solution and collecting the elution, wherein the elution comprises AM extract rich in negatively-charged polysaccharides; and optionally, drying the effluent or the elution respectively to obtain extract powder rich in positively-charged or neutral polysaccharides and extract powder rich in negatively-charged polysaccharides. 9. The process according to the claim 8, wherein the anion exchange column is a diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-based column, quaternary aminoethyl (QAE)-based column or a trimethylamino ethane (TMAE)-based column. 10. A nutraceutical composition, comprising a nutraceutically-acceptable excipient and AM extract according to claim 1. 11. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a viral infection caused by Enterovirus virus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), or a disorder caused by the viral infection, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises AM extract according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 12. A biocompatible dressing, comprising a solid support and an adhesive layer coated onto one surface of the solid support, wherein the adhesive layer comprise AM extract according to claim 1. 13. A method for treating a viral infection in a subject in need thereof or a disorder caused by the viral infection, wherein the viral infection is caused by Enterovirus virus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and the method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of AM extract according to claim 1. 14. The method according to the claim 13, wherein the subject is a mammal. 15. The method according to the claim 14, wherein the subject is a human. 16. The method according to the claim 13, wherein the AM extract is administered systemically. 17. The method according to the claim 13, wherein the AM extract is administered topically. 18. A method for inhibiting viral replication of a virus in a host cell, wherein the virus is Enterovirus virus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and the method comprises the step of exposing the host cell to an effective amount of the AM extract according to claim 1. 19. The method according to the claim 18, wherein the host cell is in a living subject. 20. The method according to the claim 19, wherein the subject is a human. | The present disclosure provides various cyanobacterial extracts exhibiting antiviral activity to a wide spectrum of viruses, such as enterovirus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The cyanobacterial extract is prepared from biomass of A. maxima (or Spirulina maxima). Also disclosed herein are process for preparing the cyanobacterial extract and uses of the cyanobacterial extract.1. Arthrospira maxima extract (AM extract), comprising at least 25% (wt %) of total sugar in the AM extract, and at least 30 mol % of rhamnose. 2. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the content of the total sugar in the AM extract is 25-75% (wt %). 3. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the AM extract is derived from a high-molecular-weight fraction obtainable using a filter membrane having a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 KD. 4. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the AM extract comprises at least 60% (wt %) of neutral and/or positively charged polysaccharides based on the total sugars in the extract. 5. The AM extract according to the claim 4, wherein the content of neutral and/or positively charged polysaccharides based on the total sugars in the extract is 60-100% (wt %). 6. The AM extract according to the claim 1, wherein the most abundant glycosyl linkage is 3-rhap. 7. The AM extract according to claim 1, wherein the AM extract is derived from a high-molecular-weight fraction obtainable using a filter membrane having a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 KD, and comprises at least 60% (wt %) of neutral and/or positively charged polysaccharides based on the total sugars in the extract. 8. A process for preparing the AM extract according to the claim 1, comprising the steps of,
extracting Arthrospira maxima biomass in hot water of 80-120° C. to obtain a crude extract; removing solid residues from the crude extract to obtain a hot-water extract; optionally, drying the hot-water extract to obtain hot-water extract powder; subjecting the hot-water extract or a solution comprising the hot-water extract powder to filtration using a filter membrane having a molecular weight cut-off value of 100 KD to obtain a high-molecular-weight fraction; optionally, drying the high-molecular-weight fraction to obtain high-molecular-weight extract powder; subjecting the high-molecular-weight fraction or a solution comprising the high-molecular-weight extract powder to an anion-exchange chromatography using an anion-exchange column; collecting the effluent flowing through the anion exchange column, wherein the effluent comprises AM extract rich in positively-charged and/or neutral polysaccharides; eluting the anion exchange column with a salt solution and collecting the elution, wherein the elution comprises AM extract rich in negatively-charged polysaccharides; and optionally, drying the effluent or the elution respectively to obtain extract powder rich in positively-charged or neutral polysaccharides and extract powder rich in negatively-charged polysaccharides. 9. The process according to the claim 8, wherein the anion exchange column is a diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-based column, quaternary aminoethyl (QAE)-based column or a trimethylamino ethane (TMAE)-based column. 10. A nutraceutical composition, comprising a nutraceutically-acceptable excipient and AM extract according to claim 1. 11. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a viral infection caused by Enterovirus virus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), or a disorder caused by the viral infection, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises AM extract according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 12. A biocompatible dressing, comprising a solid support and an adhesive layer coated onto one surface of the solid support, wherein the adhesive layer comprise AM extract according to claim 1. 13. A method for treating a viral infection in a subject in need thereof or a disorder caused by the viral infection, wherein the viral infection is caused by Enterovirus virus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and the method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of AM extract according to claim 1. 14. The method according to the claim 13, wherein the subject is a mammal. 15. The method according to the claim 14, wherein the subject is a human. 16. The method according to the claim 13, wherein the AM extract is administered systemically. 17. The method according to the claim 13, wherein the AM extract is administered topically. 18. A method for inhibiting viral replication of a virus in a host cell, wherein the virus is Enterovirus virus (EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human Herpesvirus (HHV), Ebola virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and the method comprises the step of exposing the host cell to an effective amount of the AM extract according to claim 1. 19. The method according to the claim 18, wherein the host cell is in a living subject. 20. The method according to the claim 19, wherein the subject is a human. | 3,700 |
344,010 | 16,803,444 | 3,715 | A kit and method for improving the security of a card reader having a plurality of wafers for insertion individually into the card reader via a card slot in the card reader, where each wafer is shaped and sized so that the wafer can be inserted through the card slot in an insertion direction and positioned in a cavity in the card reader. The plurality of wafers are configured to couple together when inside the cavity to form a stack of wafers. | 1. A kit for improving the security of a card reader, the kit comprising:
a plurality of wafers for insertion individually into the card reader via a card slot in the card reader, wherein each wafer is shaped and/or sized such that the wafer can be inserted through the card slot in an insertion direction and positioned in a cavity in the card reader, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together when inside the cavity to form a stack of wafers. 2. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more wafers in the plurality of wafers is shaped and/or sized to fit the cavity in the card reader such that movement of the stack of wafers within the cavity is restricted. 3. The kit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the one or more wafers are shaped and/or sized such that the one or more wafers comprise one or more protrusions or edges for contacting one or more parts of an internal structure of the card reader such that movement of the stack of wafers within the cavity is restricted. 4. The kit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more wafers comprising the one or more protrusions or edges comprises a first wafer that is for insertion into the card reader prior to insertion of any other wafer in the plurality of wafers. 5. The kit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more protrusions extend from a plane of the respective wafer. 6. The kit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more protrusions are deformable to enable the respective wafer to be inserted into the card reader via the card slot. 7. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of wafers comprises a final wafer that is for insertion into the card reader after all other wafers in the plurality of wafers have been inserted into the card reader. 8. The kit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the final wafer is shaped to prevent an unauthorised object positioned in the cavity from contacting a magnetic stripe and/or an electronic chip of a card as or when the card is inserted into the card reader. 9. The kit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the final wafer is shaped such that the stack of wafers prevents a card from being fully inserted into the card reader when an unauthorised object is also present in the card reader above the final wafer. 10. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together using an adhesive applied to a surface of at least one wafer in the plurality of wafers. 11. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together using a mechanical connection. 12. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wafers are configured to be individually inserted through the card slot and positioned in the cavity in the card reader in a predetermined sequence. 13. A method for improving the security of a card reader using the kit as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising:
individually inserting each wafer in the plurality of wafers into the card reader via the card slot in the card reader. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the wafers are configured to be individually inserted through the card slot and positioned in the cavity in the card reader in a predetermined sequence, and wherein the step of individually inserting each wafer into the card reader comprises individually inserting each wafer into the card reader according to the predetermined sequence. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together using an adhesive applied to a surface of at least one wafer in the plurality of wafers, and wherein, for each of the at least one wafers with an adhesive applied to its surface, the method further comprises applying a temporary barrier coating to the adhesive prior to inserting the wafer into the card reader. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the temporary barrier coating comprises a volatile substance. | A kit and method for improving the security of a card reader having a plurality of wafers for insertion individually into the card reader via a card slot in the card reader, where each wafer is shaped and sized so that the wafer can be inserted through the card slot in an insertion direction and positioned in a cavity in the card reader. The plurality of wafers are configured to couple together when inside the cavity to form a stack of wafers.1. A kit for improving the security of a card reader, the kit comprising:
a plurality of wafers for insertion individually into the card reader via a card slot in the card reader, wherein each wafer is shaped and/or sized such that the wafer can be inserted through the card slot in an insertion direction and positioned in a cavity in the card reader, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together when inside the cavity to form a stack of wafers. 2. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more wafers in the plurality of wafers is shaped and/or sized to fit the cavity in the card reader such that movement of the stack of wafers within the cavity is restricted. 3. The kit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the one or more wafers are shaped and/or sized such that the one or more wafers comprise one or more protrusions or edges for contacting one or more parts of an internal structure of the card reader such that movement of the stack of wafers within the cavity is restricted. 4. The kit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more wafers comprising the one or more protrusions or edges comprises a first wafer that is for insertion into the card reader prior to insertion of any other wafer in the plurality of wafers. 5. The kit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more protrusions extend from a plane of the respective wafer. 6. The kit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more protrusions are deformable to enable the respective wafer to be inserted into the card reader via the card slot. 7. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of wafers comprises a final wafer that is for insertion into the card reader after all other wafers in the plurality of wafers have been inserted into the card reader. 8. The kit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the final wafer is shaped to prevent an unauthorised object positioned in the cavity from contacting a magnetic stripe and/or an electronic chip of a card as or when the card is inserted into the card reader. 9. The kit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the final wafer is shaped such that the stack of wafers prevents a card from being fully inserted into the card reader when an unauthorised object is also present in the card reader above the final wafer. 10. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together using an adhesive applied to a surface of at least one wafer in the plurality of wafers. 11. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together using a mechanical connection. 12. The kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wafers are configured to be individually inserted through the card slot and positioned in the cavity in the card reader in a predetermined sequence. 13. A method for improving the security of a card reader using the kit as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising:
individually inserting each wafer in the plurality of wafers into the card reader via the card slot in the card reader. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the wafers are configured to be individually inserted through the card slot and positioned in the cavity in the card reader in a predetermined sequence, and wherein the step of individually inserting each wafer into the card reader comprises individually inserting each wafer into the card reader according to the predetermined sequence. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plurality of wafers are configured to couple together using an adhesive applied to a surface of at least one wafer in the plurality of wafers, and wherein, for each of the at least one wafers with an adhesive applied to its surface, the method further comprises applying a temporary barrier coating to the adhesive prior to inserting the wafer into the card reader. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the temporary barrier coating comprises a volatile substance. | 3,700 |
344,011 | 16,803,442 | 3,715 | Example implementations relate to method and management system for collecting contextual log files to an issue in a computing system. The method includes analyzing alert data to identify a current symptom associated with the issue in the computing system, and determining whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table including a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories. Each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table. In response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table, the method includes collecting one or more log files from a plurality of log files corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system. Further, the method includes transferring the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. | 1. A method comprising:
analyzing, by a first processing resource, alert data to identify a current symptom associated with an issue in a computing system; determining, by the first processing resource, whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table comprising a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories, wherein each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table; in response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table, collecting, by the first processing resource, one or more log files from a plurality of log files corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system; and transferring, by the first processing resource, the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alert data comprises one or more of events or parameters corresponding to the issue. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
analyzing, by a second processing resource, a plurality of support cases to generate a data set comprising a plurality of second symptoms and a plurality of second log categories, wherein each second symptom is associated to at least one second log category; clustering, by the second processing resource, a related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms to form a group of related symptoms; identifying, by the second processing resource, the related symptom having similar log category in each group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms; rating, by the second processing resource, the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of matching pairs; and mapping, by the second processing resource, the related symptom to one or more log categories in each group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, to generate a second lookup table. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first lookup table and the second lookup table are identical to one another. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein in response to determining that the current symptom do not exists in the first lookup table, collecting, by the first processing resource, the plurality of log files from the computing system and transferring the plurality of log files to the external computing system. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
analyzing, by the second processing resource, the plurality of log files to identify a fresh symptom and at least one fresh log category or the second log category associated with the fresh symptom; and determining, by the second processing resource, whether the fresh symptom exists in the data set. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to determining that the fresh symptom exists in the data set updating, by the second processing resource, the fresh symptom and the at least one fresh log category or the second log category into the data set; clustering, by the second processing resource, the related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms and the fresh symptom to form a new group of related symptoms; identifying, by the second processing resource, the related symptom having similar log category in each new group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms; rating, by the second processing resource, the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of new matching pairs; and mapping, by the second processing resource, the related symptom to one or more log categories in each new group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, to generate a third lookup table. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining, by the second processing resource, whether the second lookup table and the third lookup table are related. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising in response to determining that the second lookup table and the third lookup table are not related:
replacing, by the second processing resource, the second lookup table with the third lookup table; transferring, by the second processing resource, a copy of the replaced second lookup table, to the management system; and replacing, by the first processing resource, the first lookup table with the copy of the replaced second lookup table, in the management system. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each first symptom is further mapped to at least one resolution and a support case identification number associated with the at least one resolution. 11. A management system comprising:
a first machine readable medium storing program instructions; and a first processing resource operably coupled to the first machine readable medium, wherein the first processing resource executes the program instructions to: analyze alert data to identify a current symptom associated with an issue in a computing system; determine whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table comprising a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories, wherein each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table; collect one or more log files from a plurality of log files corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system, in response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table; and transfer the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. 12. The management system of claim 11, wherein the external computing system comprises a second machine readable medium storing program instructions and a second processing resource operably coupled to the second machine readable medium, wherein the second processing resource executes the program instructions to:
analyze a plurality of support cases to generate a data set comprising a plurality of second symptoms and a plurality of second log categories, wherein each second symptom is associated to at least one second log category; cluster an related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms to form a group of related symptoms; identify the related symptom having similar log category in each group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms; rate the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of matching pairs; and map the related symptom to one or more log categories in each group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, to generate a second lookup table. 13. The management system of claim 12, wherein the first lookup table and the second lookup table are identical to one another. 14. The management system of claim 12, wherein the first processing resource further executes the program instructions in response to determining that the current symptom do not exists in the first lookup table to collect the plurality of log files from the computing system and transfer the plurality of log files to the external computing system. 15. The management system of claim 14, wherein the second processing resource further executes the program instructions to:
analyze the plurality of log files to identify a fresh symptom and at least one fresh log category or the second log category associated with the fresh symptom; and determine whether the fresh symptom exists in the data set. 16. The management system of claim 15, wherein the second processing resource further executes the programming instructions in response to determining that the fresh symptom exists in the data set to:
update the fresh symptom and the at least one fresh log category or the second log category into the data set; cluster the related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms and the fresh symptom to form a new group of related symptoms; identify the related symptom having similar log category in each new group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms; rate the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of new matching pairs; and map the related symptom to one or more log categories in each new group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, to generate a third lookup table. 17. The management system of claim 16, wherein the second processing resource further executes the programming instructions to determine whether the second lookup table and the third lookup table are identical. 18. The management system of claim 17, wherein the second processing resource further executes the programming instructions in response to determining that the second lookup table and the third lookup table are not identical to replace the second lookup table using the third lookup table and transfer a copy of the replaced second lookup table to the management system, and the first processing resource further executes the programming instructions to replace the first lookup table with the copy of the replaced second lookup table in the management system. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing instructions executable by a first processing resource in a management system, the instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze alert data to identify a current symptom associated with an issue corresponding to a computing system; instructions to determine whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table comprising a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories, wherein each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table; instructions to collect one or more log files from a plurality of log files, corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system, in response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table; and instructions to transfer the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further comprises additional instructions executable by a second processing resource of the external computing system, the additional instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze a plurality of support cases to generate a data set comprising a plurality of second symptoms and a plurality of second log categories, wherein each second symptom is associated to at least one second log category; instructions to cluster an related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms to form a group of related symptoms; instructions to identify the related symptom having similar log category in each group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms; instructions to rate the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of matching pairs; and instructions to map the related symptom to one or more log categories in each group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, to generate a second lookup table. | Example implementations relate to method and management system for collecting contextual log files to an issue in a computing system. The method includes analyzing alert data to identify a current symptom associated with the issue in the computing system, and determining whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table including a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories. Each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table. In response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table, the method includes collecting one or more log files from a plurality of log files corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system. Further, the method includes transferring the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue.1. A method comprising:
analyzing, by a first processing resource, alert data to identify a current symptom associated with an issue in a computing system; determining, by the first processing resource, whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table comprising a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories, wherein each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table; in response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table, collecting, by the first processing resource, one or more log files from a plurality of log files corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system; and transferring, by the first processing resource, the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alert data comprises one or more of events or parameters corresponding to the issue. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
analyzing, by a second processing resource, a plurality of support cases to generate a data set comprising a plurality of second symptoms and a plurality of second log categories, wherein each second symptom is associated to at least one second log category; clustering, by the second processing resource, a related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms to form a group of related symptoms; identifying, by the second processing resource, the related symptom having similar log category in each group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms; rating, by the second processing resource, the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of matching pairs; and mapping, by the second processing resource, the related symptom to one or more log categories in each group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, to generate a second lookup table. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first lookup table and the second lookup table are identical to one another. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein in response to determining that the current symptom do not exists in the first lookup table, collecting, by the first processing resource, the plurality of log files from the computing system and transferring the plurality of log files to the external computing system. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
analyzing, by the second processing resource, the plurality of log files to identify a fresh symptom and at least one fresh log category or the second log category associated with the fresh symptom; and determining, by the second processing resource, whether the fresh symptom exists in the data set. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to determining that the fresh symptom exists in the data set updating, by the second processing resource, the fresh symptom and the at least one fresh log category or the second log category into the data set; clustering, by the second processing resource, the related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms and the fresh symptom to form a new group of related symptoms; identifying, by the second processing resource, the related symptom having similar log category in each new group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms; rating, by the second processing resource, the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of new matching pairs; and mapping, by the second processing resource, the related symptom to one or more log categories in each new group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, to generate a third lookup table. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining, by the second processing resource, whether the second lookup table and the third lookup table are related. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising in response to determining that the second lookup table and the third lookup table are not related:
replacing, by the second processing resource, the second lookup table with the third lookup table; transferring, by the second processing resource, a copy of the replaced second lookup table, to the management system; and replacing, by the first processing resource, the first lookup table with the copy of the replaced second lookup table, in the management system. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each first symptom is further mapped to at least one resolution and a support case identification number associated with the at least one resolution. 11. A management system comprising:
a first machine readable medium storing program instructions; and a first processing resource operably coupled to the first machine readable medium, wherein the first processing resource executes the program instructions to: analyze alert data to identify a current symptom associated with an issue in a computing system; determine whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table comprising a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories, wherein each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table; collect one or more log files from a plurality of log files corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system, in response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table; and transfer the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. 12. The management system of claim 11, wherein the external computing system comprises a second machine readable medium storing program instructions and a second processing resource operably coupled to the second machine readable medium, wherein the second processing resource executes the program instructions to:
analyze a plurality of support cases to generate a data set comprising a plurality of second symptoms and a plurality of second log categories, wherein each second symptom is associated to at least one second log category; cluster an related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms to form a group of related symptoms; identify the related symptom having similar log category in each group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms; rate the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of matching pairs; and map the related symptom to one or more log categories in each group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, to generate a second lookup table. 13. The management system of claim 12, wherein the first lookup table and the second lookup table are identical to one another. 14. The management system of claim 12, wherein the first processing resource further executes the program instructions in response to determining that the current symptom do not exists in the first lookup table to collect the plurality of log files from the computing system and transfer the plurality of log files to the external computing system. 15. The management system of claim 14, wherein the second processing resource further executes the program instructions to:
analyze the plurality of log files to identify a fresh symptom and at least one fresh log category or the second log category associated with the fresh symptom; and determine whether the fresh symptom exists in the data set. 16. The management system of claim 15, wherein the second processing resource further executes the programming instructions in response to determining that the fresh symptom exists in the data set to:
update the fresh symptom and the at least one fresh log category or the second log category into the data set; cluster the related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms and the fresh symptom to form a new group of related symptoms; identify the related symptom having similar log category in each new group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms; rate the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of new matching pairs; and map the related symptom to one or more log categories in each new group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of new matching pairs in each new group of related symptoms, to generate a third lookup table. 17. The management system of claim 16, wherein the second processing resource further executes the programming instructions to determine whether the second lookup table and the third lookup table are identical. 18. The management system of claim 17, wherein the second processing resource further executes the programming instructions in response to determining that the second lookup table and the third lookup table are not identical to replace the second lookup table using the third lookup table and transfer a copy of the replaced second lookup table to the management system, and the first processing resource further executes the programming instructions to replace the first lookup table with the copy of the replaced second lookup table in the management system. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing instructions executable by a first processing resource in a management system, the instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze alert data to identify a current symptom associated with an issue corresponding to a computing system; instructions to determine whether the current symptom exists in a first lookup table comprising a plurality of first symptoms and a plurality of first log categories, wherein each first symptom is mapped to one or more first log categories in the first lookup table; instructions to collect one or more log files from a plurality of log files, corresponding to the one or more first log categories mapped to the current symptom, from the computing system, in response to determining that the current symptom exists in the first lookup table; and instructions to transfer the one or more log files to an external computing system for performing diagnostics on the issue. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions further comprises additional instructions executable by a second processing resource of the external computing system, the additional instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze a plurality of support cases to generate a data set comprising a plurality of second symptoms and a plurality of second log categories, wherein each second symptom is associated to at least one second log category; instructions to cluster an related symptom from the plurality of second symptoms to form a group of related symptoms; instructions to identify the related symptom having similar log category in each group of related symptoms, to form a plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms; instructions to rate the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, based on number of occurrences of each of the plurality of matching pairs; and instructions to map the related symptom to one or more log categories in each group of related symptoms, based on weighted average of the rating for the plurality of matching pairs in each group of related symptoms, to generate a second lookup table. | 3,700 |
344,012 | 16,803,436 | 3,715 | A music service application that can be run on a wireless mobile device enables audio data to be progressively downloaded from a remote server and also enables locally stored data to be played efficiently. Audio content that is relevant to a user is identified and downloaded to the user's mobile device, in some cases with minimal or no effort by the user. Continuous play features ensure that the user can experience an uninterrupted music experience, both in online and offline modes. Social features such as playlists and preferences of other users are leveraged, to provide users with popular music that is relevant to their interests. | 1. A method for playing audio tracks on a wireless mobile device, the method comprising: playing a first audio track on the wireless mobile device by running an application to progressively download the first audio track over a wireless communication link;
wherein upon detecting at the wireless mobile device that the communication link fails to satisfy a connectivity condition, the application is configured to select and play a second audio track that is stored on the wireless mobile device such that the second audio track is playable when the mobile device is not connected to a wireless network, the second audio track being played without a user of the mobile device initiating the playing of the second audio track. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the failure to satisfy the connectivity condition includes a predetermined buffer underflow. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by a user of the mobile device that includes the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by the user of the mobile device that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by searching for at least one audio track stored at the mobile device that is in the same genre as the first audio track. 8. A method for delivering audio tracks to a wireless mobile device,
the method comprising:
providing to a user of a wireless mobile device an application for receiving and playing audio content, wherein the application is capable of playing a first audio track stored on the mobile device when the mobile device is not connected to a wireless network; and
transmitting a second audio track from a remote server to the mobile device over a wireless connection based on a request from the user running the application;
wherein the application is capable of playing at least a portion of the second audio track while the second audio track is being transmitted to the mobile device and capable of switching to playing the first audio track without the user requesting playing of the first audio track if the wireless connection fails to satisfy a connectivity condition. 9. A mobile device comprising:
a transceiver capable of communication with a remote device over a wireless communication link; an audio output component; a computer processor operatively coupled to control the transceiver and the audio output component; one or more memory components operatively coupled to the processor; and an application stored in the one or more memory components for processing and playing of digital audio, wherein when running, the application is capable of causing the processor to: progressively download a first audio track over the communication link using the transceiver; play at least a portion of the first audio track through the audio output component while progressively downloading the first audio track; monitor the communication link to detect if the link fails to satisfy a connectivity condition; upon detecting a failure to satisfy the connectivity condition, select a second audio track stored in the one or more memory components, wherein the second audio track is playable when the mobile device is not connected to a wireless network; and play the second audio track through the audio output component without a user of the mobile device initiating the playing of the second audio track. 10. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein when running, the application is further capable of causing the processor to:
upon detecting that no audio tracks are currently scheduled to be played after the first audio track, play a third audio track through the audio output component without the user of the mobile device initiating the playing of the third audio track. 11. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist created by a person who has a genre preference matching a genre associated with the first audio track and who has at least a predetermined number of followers;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 12. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that is subscribed to by at least a predetermined number of people; wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device;
wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 13. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that is subscribed to by a user of the mobile device;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 14. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist created by a person that is followed by a user of the mobile device;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 15. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist created by an authority that is followed by a user of the mobile device;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 16. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by the user of the mobile device that includes the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 17. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by the user of the mobile device that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 18. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 19. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 20. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by searching for at least one audio track stored at the mobile device that is in the same genre as the first audio track. 21. (canceled) | A music service application that can be run on a wireless mobile device enables audio data to be progressively downloaded from a remote server and also enables locally stored data to be played efficiently. Audio content that is relevant to a user is identified and downloaded to the user's mobile device, in some cases with minimal or no effort by the user. Continuous play features ensure that the user can experience an uninterrupted music experience, both in online and offline modes. Social features such as playlists and preferences of other users are leveraged, to provide users with popular music that is relevant to their interests.1. A method for playing audio tracks on a wireless mobile device, the method comprising: playing a first audio track on the wireless mobile device by running an application to progressively download the first audio track over a wireless communication link;
wherein upon detecting at the wireless mobile device that the communication link fails to satisfy a connectivity condition, the application is configured to select and play a second audio track that is stored on the wireless mobile device such that the second audio track is playable when the mobile device is not connected to a wireless network, the second audio track being played without a user of the mobile device initiating the playing of the second audio track. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the failure to satisfy the connectivity condition includes a predetermined buffer underflow. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by a user of the mobile device that includes the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by the user of the mobile device that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is configured to select the second audio track by searching for at least one audio track stored at the mobile device that is in the same genre as the first audio track. 8. A method for delivering audio tracks to a wireless mobile device,
the method comprising:
providing to a user of a wireless mobile device an application for receiving and playing audio content, wherein the application is capable of playing a first audio track stored on the mobile device when the mobile device is not connected to a wireless network; and
transmitting a second audio track from a remote server to the mobile device over a wireless connection based on a request from the user running the application;
wherein the application is capable of playing at least a portion of the second audio track while the second audio track is being transmitted to the mobile device and capable of switching to playing the first audio track without the user requesting playing of the first audio track if the wireless connection fails to satisfy a connectivity condition. 9. A mobile device comprising:
a transceiver capable of communication with a remote device over a wireless communication link; an audio output component; a computer processor operatively coupled to control the transceiver and the audio output component; one or more memory components operatively coupled to the processor; and an application stored in the one or more memory components for processing and playing of digital audio, wherein when running, the application is capable of causing the processor to: progressively download a first audio track over the communication link using the transceiver; play at least a portion of the first audio track through the audio output component while progressively downloading the first audio track; monitor the communication link to detect if the link fails to satisfy a connectivity condition; upon detecting a failure to satisfy the connectivity condition, select a second audio track stored in the one or more memory components, wherein the second audio track is playable when the mobile device is not connected to a wireless network; and play the second audio track through the audio output component without a user of the mobile device initiating the playing of the second audio track. 10. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein when running, the application is further capable of causing the processor to:
upon detecting that no audio tracks are currently scheduled to be played after the first audio track, play a third audio track through the audio output component without the user of the mobile device initiating the playing of the third audio track. 11. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist created by a person who has a genre preference matching a genre associated with the first audio track and who has at least a predetermined number of followers;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 12. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that is subscribed to by at least a predetermined number of people; wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device;
wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 13. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that is subscribed to by a user of the mobile device;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 14. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist created by a person that is followed by a user of the mobile device;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 15. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to play the third audio track based on a search for at least one playlist created by an authority that is followed by a user of the mobile device;
wherein the search is performed at a remote server wirelessly connected to the mobile device; wherein the third audio track is in said at least one playlist. 16. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by the user of the mobile device that includes the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 17. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist created by the user of the mobile device that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 18. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 19. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by identifying at least one playlist that includes an audio track by an artist associated with the first audio track and that was not created by the user of the mobile device, and the second audio track is in said at least one playlist. 20. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the application is capable of causing the processor to select the second audio track by searching for at least one audio track stored at the mobile device that is in the same genre as the first audio track. 21. (canceled) | 3,700 |
344,013 | 16,803,490 | 3,715 | Disclosed herein are devices systems and methods for removing moisture from a material via radio frequency electromagnetic wave exposure. A moisture-removal system can include having spaced apart a first and a second electrical conductor extending along a same first direction, each of the first and second electrical conductor comprising opposing broad top and bottom sides, the broad bottom side of the first electrical conductor facing the broad top side of the second electrical conductor. The system includes a material containing moisture at least partially filling the space between the first and the second electrical conductor. The system further includes at least one first wire attached to a first radio frequency generator and to the first end of the first electrical conductor. The system also includes at least one second wire attached to the electrical ground of the first radio frequency generator to the first end of the second electrical conductor. | 1. A moisture-removal system comprising;
having spaced apart a first and a second electrical conductor extending along a same first direction, each of the first and second electrical conductor comprising opposing broad top and bottom sides, the broad bottom side of the first electrical conductor facing the broad top side of the second electrical conductor; and a material containing moisture at least partially filling the space between the first and the second electrical conductor; and at least one first wire with a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire attached to a first radio frequency generator and the second end of the first wire attached to the first end of the first electrical conductor; and at least one second wire with a first and a second end, with the first end of the second wire attached to the electrical ground of the first radio frequency generator and the second end of the second wire attached to the first end of the second electrical conductor. 2. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 3. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with both the first and the second electrical conductor. 4. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the material containing moisture makes no contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 5. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one tenth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 6. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one twentieth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 7. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one fiftieth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 8. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one hundredth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 9. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is between 1 MHz and 1 GHz. 10. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is 13.56 MHz. 11. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the radio frequency power of the radio frequency generator is at least 500 watts. 12. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the first wire is a central conductor of a first coaxial cable and the second wire is the outer shield of the first coaxial cable. 13. A moisture-removal system comprising:
having spaced apart a first and a second electrical conductor extending along a same first direction, each of the first and second electrical conductor comprising opposing broad top and bottom sides and opposing narrow edges, the broad bottom side of the first electrical conductor facing the broad top side of the second electrical conductor; and a material containing moisture at least partially filling the space between the first and the second electrical conductor; and a first inductor-capacitor assembly comprising at least one inductor and at least one capacitor, the inductor and the capacitor attached with each other, the first inductor-capacitor assembly having a first end, a second end and a third end; and at least a first wire, a second wire, a third wire and a fourth wire, each with a first end and a second end; and the first end of the first wire attached to a first radio frequency generator and the second end of the first wire attached to the first end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly; and the first end of the second wire attached to the electrical ground of the first radio frequency generator and the second end of the second wire attached to the third end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly; and the first end of the third wire attached to the second end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly, and the second end of the third wire is attached to the first end of the first electrical conductor; and the first end of the fourth wire attached to the third end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly and the second end of the fourth wire attached to the first end of the second electrical conductor. 14. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 15. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with both the first and the second electrical conductor. 16. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the material containing moisture makes no contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 17. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is between 1 MHz to 1 GHz. 18. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is 13.56 MHz. 19. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the radio frequency power of the radio frequency generator is at least 500 watts. 20. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the first wire is a central conductor of a first coaxial cable and the second wire is an outer shield of the first coaxial cable; and the third wire is a central conductor of a second coaxial cable and the fourth wire is the outer shield of the second coaxial cable. | Disclosed herein are devices systems and methods for removing moisture from a material via radio frequency electromagnetic wave exposure. A moisture-removal system can include having spaced apart a first and a second electrical conductor extending along a same first direction, each of the first and second electrical conductor comprising opposing broad top and bottom sides, the broad bottom side of the first electrical conductor facing the broad top side of the second electrical conductor. The system includes a material containing moisture at least partially filling the space between the first and the second electrical conductor. The system further includes at least one first wire attached to a first radio frequency generator and to the first end of the first electrical conductor. The system also includes at least one second wire attached to the electrical ground of the first radio frequency generator to the first end of the second electrical conductor.1. A moisture-removal system comprising;
having spaced apart a first and a second electrical conductor extending along a same first direction, each of the first and second electrical conductor comprising opposing broad top and bottom sides, the broad bottom side of the first electrical conductor facing the broad top side of the second electrical conductor; and a material containing moisture at least partially filling the space between the first and the second electrical conductor; and at least one first wire with a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire attached to a first radio frequency generator and the second end of the first wire attached to the first end of the first electrical conductor; and at least one second wire with a first and a second end, with the first end of the second wire attached to the electrical ground of the first radio frequency generator and the second end of the second wire attached to the first end of the second electrical conductor. 2. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 3. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with both the first and the second electrical conductor. 4. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the material containing moisture makes no contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 5. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one tenth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 6. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one twentieth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 7. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one fiftieth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 8. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the at least one of the first or the second electrical conductor contains at least one hole with the largest dimension small than one hundredth of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency generator. 9. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is between 1 MHz and 1 GHz. 10. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is 13.56 MHz. 11. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the radio frequency power of the radio frequency generator is at least 500 watts. 12. A moisture-removal system of claim 1, where the first wire is a central conductor of a first coaxial cable and the second wire is the outer shield of the first coaxial cable. 13. A moisture-removal system comprising:
having spaced apart a first and a second electrical conductor extending along a same first direction, each of the first and second electrical conductor comprising opposing broad top and bottom sides and opposing narrow edges, the broad bottom side of the first electrical conductor facing the broad top side of the second electrical conductor; and a material containing moisture at least partially filling the space between the first and the second electrical conductor; and a first inductor-capacitor assembly comprising at least one inductor and at least one capacitor, the inductor and the capacitor attached with each other, the first inductor-capacitor assembly having a first end, a second end and a third end; and at least a first wire, a second wire, a third wire and a fourth wire, each with a first end and a second end; and the first end of the first wire attached to a first radio frequency generator and the second end of the first wire attached to the first end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly; and the first end of the second wire attached to the electrical ground of the first radio frequency generator and the second end of the second wire attached to the third end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly; and the first end of the third wire attached to the second end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly, and the second end of the third wire is attached to the first end of the first electrical conductor; and the first end of the fourth wire attached to the third end of the first inductor-capacitor assembly and the second end of the fourth wire attached to the first end of the second electrical conductor. 14. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 15. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the material containing moisture makes a direct contact with both the first and the second electrical conductor. 16. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the material containing moisture makes no contact with either of the first or the second electrical conductor. 17. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is between 1 MHz to 1 GHz. 18. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the radio frequency of the first radio frequency generator is 13.56 MHz. 19. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the radio frequency power of the radio frequency generator is at least 500 watts. 20. A moisture-removal system of claim 13, where the first wire is a central conductor of a first coaxial cable and the second wire is an outer shield of the first coaxial cable; and the third wire is a central conductor of a second coaxial cable and the fourth wire is the outer shield of the second coaxial cable. | 3,700 |
344,014 | 16,803,485 | 2,895 | A semiconductor storage device includes first and second chips. The first chip includes memory cells provided on a first substrate in a memory cell region, a plurality of first pads provided on a first surface of the first substrate and disposed in an edge region of the first chip that surrounds the memory cell region, and a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first pads. The second chip includes a first circuit provided on a second substrate in a circuit region, a plurality of second pads provided on the second substrate and disposed in an edge region of the second chip that surrounds the circuit region, and a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second pads. The first pads of the first chip and the second pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. | 1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a first chip including
a plurality of memory cells provided on a first substrate in a memory cell region,
a plurality of first pads provided on a first surface of the first substrate and disposed in an edge region of the first chip that surrounds the memory cell region, and
a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first pads; and
a second chip including
a first circuit provided on a second substrate in a circuit region,
a plurality of second pads provided on the second substrate and disposed in an edge region of the second chip that surrounds the circuit region, and
a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second pads,
wherein the first pads of the first chip and the second pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer are electrically insulated from the memory cells and the first circuit. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the third pads are electrically connected to the first pads. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein two of the third pads are electrically connected through the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein an electrical resistance of a conductive path between said two of the third pads indicates a quality of the bonding between the first and second pads. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounding the first pads, and a third conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the third pads, and
the second chip further includes a plurality of fourth pads on the second substrate and surrounding the second pads, and a fourth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the fourth pads,
wherein the third pads of the first chip and the fourth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 6, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of fifth pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounded by the first pads, and a fifth conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the fifth pads, and the second chip further includes a plurality of sixth pads on the second substrate and surrounded by the second pads, and a sixth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the sixth pads, wherein the fifth pads of the first chip and the sixth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of seventh, eighth, and ninth pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the seventh, eighth, and ninth pads are electrically connected to the first, third, and fifth pads, respectively. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the seventh pads are electrically isolated from the eighth pads and the ninth pads, and the eighth pads are electrically isolated from the ninth pads. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein a length of the first, third, and fifth pads in a first direction is greater than an interval between the first and third pads in the first direction and an interval between the third and fifth pads in the first direction. 11. A method of forming a semiconductor storage device from a first chip and a second chip,
the first chip including
a plurality of memory cells provided on a first substrate in a memory cell region,
a plurality of first pads provided on a first surface of the first substrate and disposed in an edge region of the first chip that surrounds the memory cell region, and
a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first pads, and
the second chip including
a first circuit provided on a second substrate in a circuit region,
a plurality of second pads provided on the second substrate and disposed in an edge region of the second chip that surrounds the circuit region, and
a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second pads,
wherein said method includes:
positioning the first and second chips so that the first pads of the first chip and the second pads of the second chip are facing each other; and
bonding the first pads and the second pads. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer are electrically insulated from the memory cells and the first circuit. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the third pads are electrically connected to the first pads. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein two of the third pads are electrically connected through the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
measuring an electrical resistance of a conductive path between said two of the third pads to determine a quality of the bonding between the first and second pads. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounding the first pads, and a third conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the third pads, and
the second chip further includes a plurality of fourth pads on the second substrate and surrounding the second pads, and a fourth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the fourth pads,
wherein the third pads of the first chip and the fourth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of fifth pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounded by the first pads, and a fifth conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the fifth pads, and the second chip further includes a plurality of sixth pads on the second substrate and surrounded by the second pads, and a sixth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the sixth pads, wherein the fifth pads of the first chip and the sixth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of seventh, eighth, and ninth pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the seventh, eighth, and ninth pads are electrically connected to the first, third, and fifth pads, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
determining whether or not the seventh pads are electrically isolated from the eighth pads and whether or not the seventh pads are electrically isolated from the ninth pads; and detecting a misalignment according to said determining. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said determining is carried out by measuring an electrical resistance between one of the seventh pads and one of the eighth and ninth pads. | A semiconductor storage device includes first and second chips. The first chip includes memory cells provided on a first substrate in a memory cell region, a plurality of first pads provided on a first surface of the first substrate and disposed in an edge region of the first chip that surrounds the memory cell region, and a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first pads. The second chip includes a first circuit provided on a second substrate in a circuit region, a plurality of second pads provided on the second substrate and disposed in an edge region of the second chip that surrounds the circuit region, and a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second pads. The first pads of the first chip and the second pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other.1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a first chip including
a plurality of memory cells provided on a first substrate in a memory cell region,
a plurality of first pads provided on a first surface of the first substrate and disposed in an edge region of the first chip that surrounds the memory cell region, and
a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first pads; and
a second chip including
a first circuit provided on a second substrate in a circuit region,
a plurality of second pads provided on the second substrate and disposed in an edge region of the second chip that surrounds the circuit region, and
a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second pads,
wherein the first pads of the first chip and the second pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer are electrically insulated from the memory cells and the first circuit. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the third pads are electrically connected to the first pads. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, wherein two of the third pads are electrically connected through the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein an electrical resistance of a conductive path between said two of the third pads indicates a quality of the bonding between the first and second pads. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounding the first pads, and a third conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the third pads, and
the second chip further includes a plurality of fourth pads on the second substrate and surrounding the second pads, and a fourth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the fourth pads,
wherein the third pads of the first chip and the fourth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 6, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of fifth pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounded by the first pads, and a fifth conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the fifth pads, and the second chip further includes a plurality of sixth pads on the second substrate and surrounded by the second pads, and a sixth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the sixth pads, wherein the fifth pads of the first chip and the sixth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 7, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of seventh, eighth, and ninth pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the seventh, eighth, and ninth pads are electrically connected to the first, third, and fifth pads, respectively. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the seventh pads are electrically isolated from the eighth pads and the ninth pads, and the eighth pads are electrically isolated from the ninth pads. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein a length of the first, third, and fifth pads in a first direction is greater than an interval between the first and third pads in the first direction and an interval between the third and fifth pads in the first direction. 11. A method of forming a semiconductor storage device from a first chip and a second chip,
the first chip including
a plurality of memory cells provided on a first substrate in a memory cell region,
a plurality of first pads provided on a first surface of the first substrate and disposed in an edge region of the first chip that surrounds the memory cell region, and
a first conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first pads, and
the second chip including
a first circuit provided on a second substrate in a circuit region,
a plurality of second pads provided on the second substrate and disposed in an edge region of the second chip that surrounds the circuit region, and
a second conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second pads,
wherein said method includes:
positioning the first and second chips so that the first pads of the first chip and the second pads of the second chip are facing each other; and
bonding the first pads and the second pads. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer are electrically insulated from the memory cells and the first circuit. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the third pads are electrically connected to the first pads. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein two of the third pads are electrically connected through the first pads, the first conductive layer, the second pads, and the second conductive layer. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
measuring an electrical resistance of a conductive path between said two of the third pads to determine a quality of the bonding between the first and second pads. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of third pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounding the first pads, and a third conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the third pads, and
the second chip further includes a plurality of fourth pads on the second substrate and surrounding the second pads, and a fourth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the fourth pads,
wherein the third pads of the first chip and the fourth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the first chip further includes a plurality of fifth pads on the first surface of the first substrate and surrounded by the first pads, and a fifth conductive layer provided on the first substrate and electrically connected to the fifth pads, and the second chip further includes a plurality of sixth pads on the second substrate and surrounded by the second pads, and a sixth conductive layer provided on the second substrate and electrically connected to the sixth pads, wherein the fifth pads of the first chip and the sixth pads of the second chip are bonded facing each other. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first chip further includes a plurality of seventh, eighth, and ninth pads provided on a second surface of the first substrate that is opposite to the first surface, and the seventh, eighth, and ninth pads are electrically connected to the first, third, and fifth pads, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
determining whether or not the seventh pads are electrically isolated from the eighth pads and whether or not the seventh pads are electrically isolated from the ninth pads; and detecting a misalignment according to said determining. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said determining is carried out by measuring an electrical resistance between one of the seventh pads and one of the eighth and ninth pads. | 2,800 |
344,015 | 16,803,468 | 2,895 | Image data comprising an image of an environment is received from a mobile video device located at the environment. An image of a marker is extracted from the received image for use in identifying the location of the mobile video device. A location associated with the marker is extracted from a database and the extracted location is sent as the location of the mobile video device. Also received is a request for information about an item in the environment that is of interest to a user of the mobile video device. A location in the environment associated with the item of interest is identified, and the information indicating the location of the item is transmitted to the mobile device for display within an image of the environment on the mobile video device. The item of interest may be displayed as an augmented reality within an image of the environment. | 1. A method of augmenting a user's viewing experience of a sporting event, the method comprising:
detecting, by a server device, movement of an object involved in the sporting event; transmitting, by the server device, information describing a trajectory of the object to a user device; and causing, by the server device, the user device to output an augmented reality image that depicts a representation of the trajectory of the object. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the server device, an image that depicts an environment of the sporting event, wherein the augmented reality image depicts the environment of the sporting event. 3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the image is received from the user device. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the object comprises a ball. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the server device, a request from the user device for the information describing the trajectory of the object. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising ascertaining, by the server device, the movement of the object involved in the sporting event using a tracking device included in the object. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising causing, by the server device, the user device to scale the representation of the trajectory of the object based on display dimensions of the user device. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a depiction of a path of the object in the augmented reality image. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a visual indication that differentiates the trajectory of the object from other content depicted in the augmented reality image. 10. A method of augmenting a user's viewing experience of a sporting event, the method comprising:
displaying, by a user device, an image that depicts an environment of the sporting event; receiving, by the user device, information describing a trajectory of an object involved in the sporting event; and displaying, by the user device, an augmented reality image that depicts a representation of the trajectory of the object and the environment of the sporting event. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the image that depicts the environment of the sporting event is captured by the user device. 12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the object comprises a ball. 13. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising transmitting, by the user device, a request for the information describing the trajectory of the object to a server device. 14. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising scaling, by the user device, the representation of the trajectory of the object based on dimensions of the image. 15. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a depiction of a path of the object in the augmented reality image. 16. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a visual indication that differentiates the trajectory of the object from other content depicted in the augmented reality image. 17. A system for augmenting a user's viewing experience of a sporting event, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
detecting movement of an object involved in the sporting event;
transmitting information describing a trajectory of the object to a user device; and
causing the user device to output an augmented reality image that depicts a representation of the trajectory of the object. 18. The system as recited in claim 17, the operations further comprising receiving an image that depicts an environment of the sporting event, wherein the augmented reality image depicts the environment of the sporting event. 19. The system as recited in claim 17, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a depiction of a path of the object in the augmented reality image. 20. The system as recited in claim 17, the operations further comprising ascertaining the movement of the object involved in the sporting event using a tracking device included in the object. | Image data comprising an image of an environment is received from a mobile video device located at the environment. An image of a marker is extracted from the received image for use in identifying the location of the mobile video device. A location associated with the marker is extracted from a database and the extracted location is sent as the location of the mobile video device. Also received is a request for information about an item in the environment that is of interest to a user of the mobile video device. A location in the environment associated with the item of interest is identified, and the information indicating the location of the item is transmitted to the mobile device for display within an image of the environment on the mobile video device. The item of interest may be displayed as an augmented reality within an image of the environment.1. A method of augmenting a user's viewing experience of a sporting event, the method comprising:
detecting, by a server device, movement of an object involved in the sporting event; transmitting, by the server device, information describing a trajectory of the object to a user device; and causing, by the server device, the user device to output an augmented reality image that depicts a representation of the trajectory of the object. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the server device, an image that depicts an environment of the sporting event, wherein the augmented reality image depicts the environment of the sporting event. 3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the image is received from the user device. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the object comprises a ball. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the server device, a request from the user device for the information describing the trajectory of the object. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising ascertaining, by the server device, the movement of the object involved in the sporting event using a tracking device included in the object. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising causing, by the server device, the user device to scale the representation of the trajectory of the object based on display dimensions of the user device. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a depiction of a path of the object in the augmented reality image. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a visual indication that differentiates the trajectory of the object from other content depicted in the augmented reality image. 10. A method of augmenting a user's viewing experience of a sporting event, the method comprising:
displaying, by a user device, an image that depicts an environment of the sporting event; receiving, by the user device, information describing a trajectory of an object involved in the sporting event; and displaying, by the user device, an augmented reality image that depicts a representation of the trajectory of the object and the environment of the sporting event. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the image that depicts the environment of the sporting event is captured by the user device. 12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the object comprises a ball. 13. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising transmitting, by the user device, a request for the information describing the trajectory of the object to a server device. 14. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising scaling, by the user device, the representation of the trajectory of the object based on dimensions of the image. 15. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a depiction of a path of the object in the augmented reality image. 16. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a visual indication that differentiates the trajectory of the object from other content depicted in the augmented reality image. 17. A system for augmenting a user's viewing experience of a sporting event, the system comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
detecting movement of an object involved in the sporting event;
transmitting information describing a trajectory of the object to a user device; and
causing the user device to output an augmented reality image that depicts a representation of the trajectory of the object. 18. The system as recited in claim 17, the operations further comprising receiving an image that depicts an environment of the sporting event, wherein the augmented reality image depicts the environment of the sporting event. 19. The system as recited in claim 17, wherein the representation of the trajectory of the object comprises a depiction of a path of the object in the augmented reality image. 20. The system as recited in claim 17, the operations further comprising ascertaining the movement of the object involved in the sporting event using a tracking device included in the object. | 2,800 |
344,016 | 16,803,494 | 2,895 | A tissue compression cuff comprises a first fastening portion defining one or more openings and at least one band. The at least one band comprises a first end extending from the first fastening portion at a first end, and an opposing second end, the at least one band defining a first diameter at the first end and a second diameter at the second end. The first diameter is larger than the second diameter. A second fastening portion is positioned at the opposing second end of the at least one band. The second end of the at least one band is configured to be inserted through the one or more openings of the first fastening portion. The tissue compression cuff is sized and configured to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula and made from an electrospun textile made up of biocompatible nanofibers. | 1. A method of forming a tissue cuff from a fabricated textile comprised of electrospun nanofibers, the method comprising:
dissolving a non-biodegradable polymer in an organic solvent to produce a polymer solution; loading the polymer solution into an electrospinning instrument configured to be set at a specified flow rate of 1-20 ml/hr.; placing the mandrel from the needle tip at a distance ranging from 5 cm-50 cm; applying an electric current of 15-30 kV to a needle of the electrospinning instrument; electrospinning the polymer solution onto a mandrel for a first period of time to form an electrospun polymer material, the electrospinning occurring at room temperature and the mandrel rotating at 10-1000 r.p.m.; braiding a polyester yarn mesh onto the electrospun polymer material on the mandrel after the first period of time has elapsed; electrospinning the polymer solution onto the mandrel for a second period of time, wherein the second period of time comprises an amount of time required to embed the polyester braid into the electrospun polymer to form the fabricated textile material; removing residual organic solvent from the fabricated textile; removing the fabricated textile from the mandrel; and forming the tissue cuff from the fabricated textile, wherein the tissue cuff comprises:
a first fastening portion defining one or more openings,
one or more bands extending from the first fastening portion at a first end to an opposing second end, and
a second fastening portion positioned at the opposing second end of the one or more bands. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the tissue cuff from the fabricated textile comprises at least one of laser cutting and die punching of the fabricated textile. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more openings of the first fastening portion are configured to accept the second end of the one or more bands. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer solution comprises at least one biologically active agent. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one biologically active agent comprises at least one of an antimicrobial agent, an anti-proliferative agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a steroid, and a cancer drug. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one biologically active agent comprises at least one of a radiopaque and a contrast agent. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer solution comprises 5-30% weight per volume of the polymer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibers are biocompatible and comprise a diameter of from about 0.5 μm to about 3 μm. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the fabricated textile comprises a mesh. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrospinning comprises a first specified flow rate during the first period of time and a second specified flow rate during the second period of time, wherein the first specified flow rate is different than the second specified flow rate. 11. The method of claim 1, in which the tissue cuff is sized and configured to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula of a patient during hemodialysis. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-biodegradable polymer comprises at least one of polyester and polyurethane. 13. A tissue compression cuff comprising:
a first fastening portion defining one or more openings; one or more bands comprising a first end that extending from the first fastening portion at a first end, and an opposing second end, the one or more bands defining a first diameter at the first end and a second diameter at the second end, wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter; and a second fastening portion positioned at the opposing second end of the one or more bands, wherein the second end of the one or more bands is configured to be inserted through the one or more openings of the first fastening portion, wherein the tissue compression cuff is comprised of an electrospun textile comprising biocompatible nanofibers. 14. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, wherein the biocompatible nanofibers comprise a diameter of from 200 nm to about 2000 nm. 15. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, wherein the electrospun textile comprises a biologically active agent. 16. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, wherein the electrospun textile comprises a mesh. 17. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, in which the tissue cuff is configured to compress a tissue or otherwise restrict the flow of material or the volume of a biological conduit or pouch. 18. A fistula cuff comprising:
a first fastening portion defining one or more openings; at least one band comprising:
a first end extending from the first fastening portion at a first end, and
an opposing second end, the at least one band defining a first diameter at the first end and a second diameter at the second end, the first diameter being larger than the second diameter; and
a second fastening portion positioned at the opposing second end of the at least one band, wherein the second end of the at least one band is configured to be inserted through the one or more openings of the first fastening portion, the tissue compression cuff being sized and configured to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula and made from an electrospun textile made up of biocompatible nanofibers. 19. The fistula cuff of claim 18, wherein the biocompatible nanofibers comprise a diameter of from 200 nm to about 2000 nm. 20. The fistula cuff of claim 18, wherein the electrospun textile comprises a biologically active agent. | A tissue compression cuff comprises a first fastening portion defining one or more openings and at least one band. The at least one band comprises a first end extending from the first fastening portion at a first end, and an opposing second end, the at least one band defining a first diameter at the first end and a second diameter at the second end. The first diameter is larger than the second diameter. A second fastening portion is positioned at the opposing second end of the at least one band. The second end of the at least one band is configured to be inserted through the one or more openings of the first fastening portion. The tissue compression cuff is sized and configured to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula and made from an electrospun textile made up of biocompatible nanofibers.1. A method of forming a tissue cuff from a fabricated textile comprised of electrospun nanofibers, the method comprising:
dissolving a non-biodegradable polymer in an organic solvent to produce a polymer solution; loading the polymer solution into an electrospinning instrument configured to be set at a specified flow rate of 1-20 ml/hr.; placing the mandrel from the needle tip at a distance ranging from 5 cm-50 cm; applying an electric current of 15-30 kV to a needle of the electrospinning instrument; electrospinning the polymer solution onto a mandrel for a first period of time to form an electrospun polymer material, the electrospinning occurring at room temperature and the mandrel rotating at 10-1000 r.p.m.; braiding a polyester yarn mesh onto the electrospun polymer material on the mandrel after the first period of time has elapsed; electrospinning the polymer solution onto the mandrel for a second period of time, wherein the second period of time comprises an amount of time required to embed the polyester braid into the electrospun polymer to form the fabricated textile material; removing residual organic solvent from the fabricated textile; removing the fabricated textile from the mandrel; and forming the tissue cuff from the fabricated textile, wherein the tissue cuff comprises:
a first fastening portion defining one or more openings,
one or more bands extending from the first fastening portion at a first end to an opposing second end, and
a second fastening portion positioned at the opposing second end of the one or more bands. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the tissue cuff from the fabricated textile comprises at least one of laser cutting and die punching of the fabricated textile. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more openings of the first fastening portion are configured to accept the second end of the one or more bands. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer solution comprises at least one biologically active agent. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one biologically active agent comprises at least one of an antimicrobial agent, an anti-proliferative agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a steroid, and a cancer drug. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one biologically active agent comprises at least one of a radiopaque and a contrast agent. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer solution comprises 5-30% weight per volume of the polymer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibers are biocompatible and comprise a diameter of from about 0.5 μm to about 3 μm. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the fabricated textile comprises a mesh. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrospinning comprises a first specified flow rate during the first period of time and a second specified flow rate during the second period of time, wherein the first specified flow rate is different than the second specified flow rate. 11. The method of claim 1, in which the tissue cuff is sized and configured to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula of a patient during hemodialysis. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-biodegradable polymer comprises at least one of polyester and polyurethane. 13. A tissue compression cuff comprising:
a first fastening portion defining one or more openings; one or more bands comprising a first end that extending from the first fastening portion at a first end, and an opposing second end, the one or more bands defining a first diameter at the first end and a second diameter at the second end, wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter; and a second fastening portion positioned at the opposing second end of the one or more bands, wherein the second end of the one or more bands is configured to be inserted through the one or more openings of the first fastening portion, wherein the tissue compression cuff is comprised of an electrospun textile comprising biocompatible nanofibers. 14. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, wherein the biocompatible nanofibers comprise a diameter of from 200 nm to about 2000 nm. 15. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, wherein the electrospun textile comprises a biologically active agent. 16. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, wherein the electrospun textile comprises a mesh. 17. The tissue compression cuff of claim 13, in which the tissue cuff is configured to compress a tissue or otherwise restrict the flow of material or the volume of a biological conduit or pouch. 18. A fistula cuff comprising:
a first fastening portion defining one or more openings; at least one band comprising:
a first end extending from the first fastening portion at a first end, and
an opposing second end, the at least one band defining a first diameter at the first end and a second diameter at the second end, the first diameter being larger than the second diameter; and
a second fastening portion positioned at the opposing second end of the at least one band, wherein the second end of the at least one band is configured to be inserted through the one or more openings of the first fastening portion, the tissue compression cuff being sized and configured to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous fistula and made from an electrospun textile made up of biocompatible nanofibers. 19. The fistula cuff of claim 18, wherein the biocompatible nanofibers comprise a diameter of from 200 nm to about 2000 nm. 20. The fistula cuff of claim 18, wherein the electrospun textile comprises a biologically active agent. | 2,800 |
344,017 | 16,803,388 | 2,895 | A computer-implemented method for storing data of a new user account in a blockchain ledger, the method including: receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in the blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, in which the operation instruction includes the user identifier and a public key parameter; obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier; creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier; generating a data record including the operation instruction and the public key; and writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. | 1. A computer-implemented method for storing data of a new user account in a blockchain ledger, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in the blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, wherein the operation instruction comprises the user identifier and a public key parameter; obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier; creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier; generating a data record comprising the operation instruction and the public key; and writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the public key corresponding to the user identifier comprises:
obtaining the public key from a pre-stored public key information table; or invoking a key generation algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, obtaining the public key from the public-private key pair, and sending a private key from the public-private key pair to a service end corresponding to the user identifier. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier and the public key; and writing the mapping relationship into a user configuration file corresponding to the blockchain ledger. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining position information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, wherein the position information comprises a block height of a data block where the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier, the public key, and the position information; and writing the mapping relationship into a public key index table. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, from a second client, a request to obtain the public key, wherein the request comprises the user identifier; and querying the public key index table to obtain the public key corresponding to the user identifier; or querying the public key index table to obtain the position information, querying the blockchain ledger to obtain the data record corresponding to the position information, and obtaining the public key from the data record. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more further data records, and determining a hash value of each further data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more further data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more further data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, wherein the operation instruction comprises the user identifier and a public key parameter; obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier; creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier; generating a data record comprising the operation instruction and the public key; and writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. 8. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein obtaining the public key corresponding to the user identifier comprises:
obtaining the public key from a pre-stored public key information table; or invoking a key generation algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, obtaining the public key from the public-private key pair, and sending a private key from the public-private key pair to a service end corresponding to the user identifier. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier and the public key; and writing the mapping relationship into a user configuration file corresponding to the blockchain ledger. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining position information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, wherein the position information comprises a block height of a data block where the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier, the public key, and the position information; and writing the mapping relationship into a public key index table. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from a second client, a request to obtain the public key, wherein the request comprises the user identifier; and querying the public key index table to obtain the public key corresponding to the user identifier; or querying the public key index table to obtain the position information, querying the blockchain ledger to obtain the data record corresponding to the position information, and obtaining the public key from the data record. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more further data records, and determining a hash value of each further data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more further data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more further data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, wherein the operation instruction comprises the user identifier and a public key parameter;
obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier;
creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier;
generating a data record comprising the operation instruction and the public key; and
writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein obtaining the public key corresponding to the user identifier comprises:
obtaining the public key from a pre-stored public key information table; or invoking a key generation algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, obtaining the public key from the public-private key pair, and sending a private key from the public-private key pair to a service end corresponding to the user identifier. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier and the public key; and writing the mapping relationship into a user configuration file corresponding to the blockchain ledger. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining position information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, wherein the position information comprises a block height of a data block where the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier, the public key, and the position information; and writing the mapping relationship into a public key index table. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from a second client, a request to obtain the public key, wherein the request comprises the user identifier; and querying the public key index table to obtain the public key corresponding to the user identifier; or querying the public key index table to obtain the position information, querying the blockchain ledger to obtain the data record corresponding to the position information, and obtaining the public key from the data record. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more further data records, and determining a hash value of each further data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more further data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more further data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. | A computer-implemented method for storing data of a new user account in a blockchain ledger, the method including: receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in the blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, in which the operation instruction includes the user identifier and a public key parameter; obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier; creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier; generating a data record including the operation instruction and the public key; and writing the data record into the blockchain ledger.1. A computer-implemented method for storing data of a new user account in a blockchain ledger, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in the blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, wherein the operation instruction comprises the user identifier and a public key parameter; obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier; creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier; generating a data record comprising the operation instruction and the public key; and writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the public key corresponding to the user identifier comprises:
obtaining the public key from a pre-stored public key information table; or invoking a key generation algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, obtaining the public key from the public-private key pair, and sending a private key from the public-private key pair to a service end corresponding to the user identifier. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier and the public key; and writing the mapping relationship into a user configuration file corresponding to the blockchain ledger. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining position information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, wherein the position information comprises a block height of a data block where the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier, the public key, and the position information; and writing the mapping relationship into a public key index table. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, from a second client, a request to obtain the public key, wherein the request comprises the user identifier; and querying the public key index table to obtain the public key corresponding to the user identifier; or querying the public key index table to obtain the position information, querying the blockchain ledger to obtain the data record corresponding to the position information, and obtaining the public key from the data record. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more further data records, and determining a hash value of each further data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more further data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more further data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, wherein the operation instruction comprises the user identifier and a public key parameter; obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier; creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier; generating a data record comprising the operation instruction and the public key; and writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. 8. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein obtaining the public key corresponding to the user identifier comprises:
obtaining the public key from a pre-stored public key information table; or invoking a key generation algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, obtaining the public key from the public-private key pair, and sending a private key from the public-private key pair to a service end corresponding to the user identifier. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier and the public key; and writing the mapping relationship into a user configuration file corresponding to the blockchain ledger. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining position information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, wherein the position information comprises a block height of a data block where the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier, the public key, and the position information; and writing the mapping relationship into a public key index table. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from a second client, a request to obtain the public key, wherein the request comprises the user identifier; and querying the public key index table to obtain the public key corresponding to the user identifier; or querying the public key index table to obtain the position information, querying the blockchain ledger to obtain the data record corresponding to the position information, and obtaining the public key from the data record. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more further data records, and determining a hash value of each further data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more further data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more further data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, from a first client, by a server storing data in a blockchain ledger, an operation instruction instructing the server to create a user account corresponding to a user identifier, wherein the operation instruction comprises the user identifier and a public key parameter;
obtaining, based on the public key parameter, a public key corresponding to the user identifier;
creating, in the blockchain ledger, the user account corresponding to the user identifier;
generating a data record comprising the operation instruction and the public key; and
writing the data record into the blockchain ledger. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein obtaining the public key corresponding to the user identifier comprises:
obtaining the public key from a pre-stored public key information table; or invoking a key generation algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, obtaining the public key from the public-private key pair, and sending a private key from the public-private key pair to a service end corresponding to the user identifier. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier and the public key; and writing the mapping relationship into a user configuration file corresponding to the blockchain ledger. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining position information of the data record in the blockchain ledger, wherein the position information comprises a block height of a data block where the data record is located and an offset of the data record in the data block; establishing a mapping relationship between the user identifier, the public key, and the position information; and writing the mapping relationship into a public key index table. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from a second client, a request to obtain the public key, wherein the request comprises the user identifier; and querying the public key index table to obtain the public key corresponding to the user identifier; or querying the public key index table to obtain the position information, querying the blockchain ledger to obtain the data record corresponding to the position information, and obtaining the public key from the data record. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more further data records, and determining a hash value of each further data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more further data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more further data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. | 2,800 |
344,018 | 16,803,470 | 2,895 | An illustrative stent may comprise an elongated tubular member having a first end and a second end and an intermediate region disposed therebetween. The elongated tubular member may include at least one barb attached thereto. The barb may be configured to be tucked under a filament of the stent during delivery of the stent and protrude radially from the stent, when the stent is deployed. | 1. A stent, the stent comprising:
an elongated tubular member comprising at least one filament interwoven to form a plurality of cells, the elongated tubular member configured to move between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration; and at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament, the at least one barb having a first end, a second end, and a length extending therebetween, the at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament at least along a portion of the length of the at least one barb between the first and second ends, wherein at least the first end is free of attachment to the elongated tubular member in the expanded configuration; wherein the free first end of the at least one barb is configured to be positioned radially inward of and under an adjacent winding of the at least one filament when the elongated tubular member is in the collapsed configuration and to extend radially away from the elongated tubular member when the elongated tubular member is in the expanded configuration. 2. The stent of claim 1, wherein in the collapsed configuration the plurality of cells have a first profile and in the expanded configuration the plurality of cells have a second profile different from the first profile, wherein the first profile of the plurality of cells has a major dimension extending along a longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular member. 3. The stent of claim 2, wherein the second profile of the plurality of cells has a major dimension extending along a circumference of the elongated tubular member. 4. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a wire. 5. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second end of the at least one barb is attached to the at least one filament. 6. The stent of claim 5, wherein the portion of the length of the at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament is equivalent to a length between two adjacent cross-points defining one of the plurality of cells. 7. The stent of claim 6, wherein the elongated tubular member has an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defined by an inner surface of the at least one filament, wherein the second end and portion of the length of the at least one barb are fixed to the inner surface of the at least one filament. 8. The stent of claim 1, wherein each barb has a width transverse to the length, wherein the adjacent winding extends over an entirety of the width of the barb when the elongated tubular member is in the collapsed configuration. 9. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a wire helically wound around the at least one filament. 10. The stent of claim 9, wherein a middle portion of the wire forming each barb is helically wound around the at least one filament, and both first and second ends of the at least one barb are free and biased to extend radially outward from the elongated tubular member when unconstrained. 11. The stent of claim 10, wherein when the elongated tubular member is in the collapsed configuration, the free first end is disposed radially inward of a second filament and the second free end is disposed radially inward of a third filament. 12. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a material combination which behaves like a temperature sensitive bimetallic strip. 13. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a plurality of barbs spaced along a length and a circumference of the elongated tubular member. 14. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a plurality of barbs, wherein at least some of the plurality of barbs have a first length and at least some of the plurality of barbs have a second length different from the first length. 15. A stent, the stent comprising:
an elongated tubular member comprising at least one filament interwoven to form a plurality of cells, the elongated tubular member configured to move between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration; and a plurality of barbs fixed to the at least one filament and comprising a shape memory wire, the plurality of barbs each having a first end, a second end, and a length extending therebetween, each barb fixed to the at least one filament at least along a portion of the length of the barb between the first and second ends, at least the first end of each barb is free and biased to extend radially outward from the elongated tubular member when unconstrained; wherein in the collapsed configuration the at least one filament applies a radially inward constraining force to the free first end of each barb such that the free first end is constrained radially inward of the at least one filament and as the elongated tubular member moves from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration the free first end of at least some of the plurality of barbs is unconstrained by the at least one filament and extends radially outward from the elongated tubular member. 16. The stent of claim 15, wherein each cell is defined by junctions of the at least one filament, and wherein at least some of the plurality of barbs are fixed to the at least one filament between and spaced away from adjacent junctions. 17. The stent of claim 15, wherein the second end of at least some of the plurality of barbs is attached to the at least one filament. 18. The stent of claim 15, wherein at least some of the plurality of barbs comprises a wire helically wound around the at least one filament, wherein a middle portion of the wire is helically wound around the at least one filament, and both first and second ends are free and biased to extend radially outward from the elongated tubular member when unconstrained. 19. A stent, the stent comprising:
an elongated tubular member comprising at least one filament interwoven to form a plurality of cells defined by junctions of the at least one filament, the elongated tubular member configured to move between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration; and at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament, the at least one barb having a first end, a second end, and a length extending therebetween, the at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament at least along a portion of the length of the at least one barb between the first and second ends, wherein at least the first end of the at least one barb is free of attachment to the elongated tubular member in the expanded configuration, wherein at least one of the at least one barb is fixed to the at least one filament between and spaced away from adjacent junctions; wherein when in the collapsed configuration, the at least one filament is configured to exert a constraining force on the free first end to position the at least one barb radially inward of the at least one filament and when in the expanded configuration, the free first end of the at least one barb extends radially outward from the elongated tubular member. 20. The stent of claim 19, wherein the at least one barb comprises a shape memory material. | An illustrative stent may comprise an elongated tubular member having a first end and a second end and an intermediate region disposed therebetween. The elongated tubular member may include at least one barb attached thereto. The barb may be configured to be tucked under a filament of the stent during delivery of the stent and protrude radially from the stent, when the stent is deployed.1. A stent, the stent comprising:
an elongated tubular member comprising at least one filament interwoven to form a plurality of cells, the elongated tubular member configured to move between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration; and at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament, the at least one barb having a first end, a second end, and a length extending therebetween, the at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament at least along a portion of the length of the at least one barb between the first and second ends, wherein at least the first end is free of attachment to the elongated tubular member in the expanded configuration; wherein the free first end of the at least one barb is configured to be positioned radially inward of and under an adjacent winding of the at least one filament when the elongated tubular member is in the collapsed configuration and to extend radially away from the elongated tubular member when the elongated tubular member is in the expanded configuration. 2. The stent of claim 1, wherein in the collapsed configuration the plurality of cells have a first profile and in the expanded configuration the plurality of cells have a second profile different from the first profile, wherein the first profile of the plurality of cells has a major dimension extending along a longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular member. 3. The stent of claim 2, wherein the second profile of the plurality of cells has a major dimension extending along a circumference of the elongated tubular member. 4. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a wire. 5. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second end of the at least one barb is attached to the at least one filament. 6. The stent of claim 5, wherein the portion of the length of the at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament is equivalent to a length between two adjacent cross-points defining one of the plurality of cells. 7. The stent of claim 6, wherein the elongated tubular member has an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defined by an inner surface of the at least one filament, wherein the second end and portion of the length of the at least one barb are fixed to the inner surface of the at least one filament. 8. The stent of claim 1, wherein each barb has a width transverse to the length, wherein the adjacent winding extends over an entirety of the width of the barb when the elongated tubular member is in the collapsed configuration. 9. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a wire helically wound around the at least one filament. 10. The stent of claim 9, wherein a middle portion of the wire forming each barb is helically wound around the at least one filament, and both first and second ends of the at least one barb are free and biased to extend radially outward from the elongated tubular member when unconstrained. 11. The stent of claim 10, wherein when the elongated tubular member is in the collapsed configuration, the free first end is disposed radially inward of a second filament and the second free end is disposed radially inward of a third filament. 12. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a material combination which behaves like a temperature sensitive bimetallic strip. 13. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a plurality of barbs spaced along a length and a circumference of the elongated tubular member. 14. The stent of claim 1, wherein the at least one barb comprises a plurality of barbs, wherein at least some of the plurality of barbs have a first length and at least some of the plurality of barbs have a second length different from the first length. 15. A stent, the stent comprising:
an elongated tubular member comprising at least one filament interwoven to form a plurality of cells, the elongated tubular member configured to move between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration; and a plurality of barbs fixed to the at least one filament and comprising a shape memory wire, the plurality of barbs each having a first end, a second end, and a length extending therebetween, each barb fixed to the at least one filament at least along a portion of the length of the barb between the first and second ends, at least the first end of each barb is free and biased to extend radially outward from the elongated tubular member when unconstrained; wherein in the collapsed configuration the at least one filament applies a radially inward constraining force to the free first end of each barb such that the free first end is constrained radially inward of the at least one filament and as the elongated tubular member moves from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration the free first end of at least some of the plurality of barbs is unconstrained by the at least one filament and extends radially outward from the elongated tubular member. 16. The stent of claim 15, wherein each cell is defined by junctions of the at least one filament, and wherein at least some of the plurality of barbs are fixed to the at least one filament between and spaced away from adjacent junctions. 17. The stent of claim 15, wherein the second end of at least some of the plurality of barbs is attached to the at least one filament. 18. The stent of claim 15, wherein at least some of the plurality of barbs comprises a wire helically wound around the at least one filament, wherein a middle portion of the wire is helically wound around the at least one filament, and both first and second ends are free and biased to extend radially outward from the elongated tubular member when unconstrained. 19. A stent, the stent comprising:
an elongated tubular member comprising at least one filament interwoven to form a plurality of cells defined by junctions of the at least one filament, the elongated tubular member configured to move between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration; and at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament, the at least one barb having a first end, a second end, and a length extending therebetween, the at least one barb fixed to the at least one filament at least along a portion of the length of the at least one barb between the first and second ends, wherein at least the first end of the at least one barb is free of attachment to the elongated tubular member in the expanded configuration, wherein at least one of the at least one barb is fixed to the at least one filament between and spaced away from adjacent junctions; wherein when in the collapsed configuration, the at least one filament is configured to exert a constraining force on the free first end to position the at least one barb radially inward of the at least one filament and when in the expanded configuration, the free first end of the at least one barb extends radially outward from the elongated tubular member. 20. The stent of claim 19, wherein the at least one barb comprises a shape memory material. | 2,800 |
344,019 | 16,803,476 | 2,895 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a broadcast control method and apparatus, and a terminal device. The method includes: when the one or more application programs run on a background and meet a first preset condition, sending a first control instruction; and when the first control instruction is received, freezing and buffering a broadcast to be sent to the one or more application programs. | 1. A broadcast control method, wherein the method is applied to a terminal, a first application runs in an operating system of the terminal, and the method comprises:
when the first application runs on a background of the operating system of the terminal, buffering a first broadcast to be sent to the first application and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the buffering the first broadcast to be sent to the first application and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
determining that a running characteristic of the first application meets a first preset freezing condition, wherein the running characteristic of the first application comprises a background continuous runtime of the first application in the operating system of the terminal, and the first preset freezing condition comprises that a background continuous runtime of an application is greater than a preset runtime. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the buffering the first broadcast and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
determining that the first broadcast belongs to a preset frozen broadcast, wherein the preset frozen broadcast comprises at least one of a preset system broadcast or a preset second-application broadcast. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the buffering the first broadcast and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
determining that a running characteristic of the first broadcast meets a second preset freezing condition, wherein the running characteristic of the first broadcast comprises a receiver quantity of the first broadcast, and the second preset freezing condition comprises that a receiver quantity of a broadcast is greater than a preset receiver quantity; or determining that another running characteristic of the first broadcast meets a third preset freezing condition, wherein the another running characteristic of the first broadcast comprises transmission frequency of the first broadcast, and the third preset freezing condition comprises that transmission frequency of a broadcast is higher than preset transmission frequency. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the buffering the first broadcast and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
unfreezing the first broadcast and sending the first broadcast to the first application. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein before the unfreezing the first broadcast, the method further comprises:
detecting that the first application is switched from the background of the operating system of the terminal to a foreground to run. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein before the unfreezing the first broadcast, the method further comprises:
obtaining a second broadcast to be sent to the first application, wherein the second broadcast belongs to a preset important broadcast. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the buffering the first broadcast, the method further comprises:
obtaining a third broadcast to be sent to the first application; determining whether the third broadcast and the first broadcast belong to a same type of broadcast; and if the third broadcast and the first broadcast belong to a same type of broadcast, buffering the third broadcast and deleting the buffered first broadcast. 9. A terminal, wherein the terminal comprises:
at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the at least one processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the programming instructions instruct the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: when a first application runs on a background of an operating system of the terminal, buffering a first broadcast to be sent to the first application and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a broadcast control method and apparatus, and a terminal device. The method includes: when the one or more application programs run on a background and meet a first preset condition, sending a first control instruction; and when the first control instruction is received, freezing and buffering a broadcast to be sent to the one or more application programs.1. A broadcast control method, wherein the method is applied to a terminal, a first application runs in an operating system of the terminal, and the method comprises:
when the first application runs on a background of the operating system of the terminal, buffering a first broadcast to be sent to the first application and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the buffering the first broadcast to be sent to the first application and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
determining that a running characteristic of the first application meets a first preset freezing condition, wherein the running characteristic of the first application comprises a background continuous runtime of the first application in the operating system of the terminal, and the first preset freezing condition comprises that a background continuous runtime of an application is greater than a preset runtime. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the buffering the first broadcast and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
determining that the first broadcast belongs to a preset frozen broadcast, wherein the preset frozen broadcast comprises at least one of a preset system broadcast or a preset second-application broadcast. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the buffering the first broadcast and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
determining that a running characteristic of the first broadcast meets a second preset freezing condition, wherein the running characteristic of the first broadcast comprises a receiver quantity of the first broadcast, and the second preset freezing condition comprises that a receiver quantity of a broadcast is greater than a preset receiver quantity; or determining that another running characteristic of the first broadcast meets a third preset freezing condition, wherein the another running characteristic of the first broadcast comprises transmission frequency of the first broadcast, and the third preset freezing condition comprises that transmission frequency of a broadcast is higher than preset transmission frequency. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the buffering the first broadcast and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application, the method further comprises:
unfreezing the first broadcast and sending the first broadcast to the first application. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein before the unfreezing the first broadcast, the method further comprises:
detecting that the first application is switched from the background of the operating system of the terminal to a foreground to run. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein before the unfreezing the first broadcast, the method further comprises:
obtaining a second broadcast to be sent to the first application, wherein the second broadcast belongs to a preset important broadcast. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the buffering the first broadcast, the method further comprises:
obtaining a third broadcast to be sent to the first application; determining whether the third broadcast and the first broadcast belong to a same type of broadcast; and if the third broadcast and the first broadcast belong to a same type of broadcast, buffering the third broadcast and deleting the buffered first broadcast. 9. A terminal, wherein the terminal comprises:
at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the at least one processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the programming instructions instruct the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: when a first application runs on a background of an operating system of the terminal, buffering a first broadcast to be sent to the first application and stopping sending the first broadcast to the first application. | 2,800 |
344,020 | 16,803,482 | 2,895 | A multiplexer includes: a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the parallel resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers and a pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, PR1>PD1 where PR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a parallel resonator closest to the common terminal among the parallel resonators and PD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal. | 1. A multiplexer comprising:
a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series between the common terminal and the second terminal and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the parallel resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, PR1>PD1 where PR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the parallel resonators and PD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection. 2. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
when fap represents an antiresonant frequency of the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, f1 represents a center frequency of the passband of the first filter, and f2 represents a center frequency of the passband of the second filter, 2×fap/(f1+f2)≤PR1/PD1. 3. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
when PR2 represents an average pitch of the grating bars and PD2 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers in at least one parallel resonator other than the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the parallel resonators, PR1/PD1>PR2/PD2. 4. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
each of the series resonators includes a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, and when SR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators, SD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, fas represents an antiresonant frequency of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, f1 represents a center frequency of the passband of the first filter, and f2 represents a center frequency of the passband of the second filter, 2×fas/(f1+f2)≤SR1/SD1. 5. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection has a pathway connecting to the common terminal through none of the series resonators and a parallel resonator other than the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection of the parallel resonators. 6. A multiplexer comprising:
a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series between the common terminal and the second terminal and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the series resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, 2×fas/(f1+f2)≤SR1/SD1 where SR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators, SD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, fas represents an antiresonant frequency of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, f1 represents a center frequency of the passband of the first filter, and f2 represents a center frequency of the passband of the second filter. 7. The multiplexer according claim 6, wherein
when SR2 represents an average pitch of the grating bars and SD2 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers in at least one series resonator other than the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators, SR1/SD1>SR2/SD2. 8. The multiplexer according to claim 6, wherein
the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection has a pathway connecting to the common terminal through none of the parallel resonators and a series resonator other than the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection of the series resonators. 9. A multiplexer comprising:
a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series between the common terminal and the second terminal and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the series resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, a stopband of the reflector of a series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators including the passband of the first filter and the passband of the second filter. | A multiplexer includes: a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the parallel resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers and a pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, PR1>PD1 where PR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a parallel resonator closest to the common terminal among the parallel resonators and PD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal.1. A multiplexer comprising:
a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series between the common terminal and the second terminal and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the parallel resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, PR1>PD1 where PR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the parallel resonators and PD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection. 2. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
when fap represents an antiresonant frequency of the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, f1 represents a center frequency of the passband of the first filter, and f2 represents a center frequency of the passband of the second filter, 2×fap/(f1+f2)≤PR1/PD1. 3. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
when PR2 represents an average pitch of the grating bars and PD2 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers in at least one parallel resonator other than the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the parallel resonators, PR1/PD1>PR2/PD2. 4. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
each of the series resonators includes a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, and when SR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators, SD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, fas represents an antiresonant frequency of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, f1 represents a center frequency of the passband of the first filter, and f2 represents a center frequency of the passband of the second filter, 2×fas/(f1+f2)≤SR1/SD1. 5. The multiplexer according to claim 1, wherein
the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection has a pathway connecting to the common terminal through none of the series resonators and a parallel resonator other than the parallel resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection of the parallel resonators. 6. A multiplexer comprising:
a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series between the common terminal and the second terminal and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the series resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, 2×fas/(f1+f2)≤SR1/SD1 where SR1 represents an average pitch of the grating bars of a series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators, SD1 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, fas represents an antiresonant frequency of the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection, f1 represents a center frequency of the passband of the first filter, and f2 represents a center frequency of the passband of the second filter. 7. The multiplexer according claim 6, wherein
when SR2 represents an average pitch of the grating bars and SD2 represents an average pitch of the electrode fingers in at least one series resonator other than the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators, SR1/SD1>SR2/SD2. 8. The multiplexer according to claim 6, wherein
the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection has a pathway connecting to the common terminal through none of the parallel resonators and a series resonator other than the series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection of the series resonators. 9. A multiplexer comprising:
a first filter connected between a common terminal and a first terminal; and a second filter connected between the common terminal and a second terminal, a passband of the second filter being higher than a passband of the first filter, the second filter including series resonators connected in series between the common terminal and the second terminal and parallel resonators connected in parallel between the common terminal and the second terminal, each of the series resonators including a pair of comb-shaped electrodes and a pair of reflectors, the pair of comb-shaped electrodes including electrode fingers, the pair of reflectors sandwiching the pair of comb-shaped electrodes therebetween and including grating bars, a stopband of the reflector of a series resonator closest to the common terminal in terms of circuit connection among the series resonators including the passband of the first filter and the passband of the second filter. | 2,800 |
344,021 | 16,803,474 | 2,895 | Effective methods and compositions to deter abuse of pharmaceutical products (e.g., orally administered pharmaceutical products) including but not limited to immediate release, sustained or extended release and delayed release formulations for drugs subject to abuse. | 1. A therapeutic composition comprising:
a pharmaceutically effective amount of pseudoephedrine or a salt thereof; a triglyceride; hydroxypropylcellulose; polyethylene oxide; and a disintegrant selected from the group consisting of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium. 2. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an immediate release formulation. 3. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the hydroxypropylcellulose has a viscosity of about 1,500 mPa to about 3,000 mPa at a concentration of 1% in water. 4. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the hydroxypropylcellulose has a molecular weight of about 1,150,000. 5. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene oxide is present in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 7 wt %. 6. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene oxide is present in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 10 wt %. 7. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the triglyceride has a melting point of about 50° ° C. to about 80° C. 8. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the triglyceride is tristearin. 9. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the disintegrant is crospovidone and is present in an amount of about 15 wt % to about 25 wt %. 10. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the disintegrant is crospovidone and is present in an amount of about 18 wt % to about 22 wt %. 11. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, further comprising a glidant. 12. The therapeutic composition of claim 11, wherein the glidant comprises colloidal silicon dioxide. 13. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, further comprising a lubricant. 14. The therapeutic composition of claim 13, wherein the lubricant comprises magnesium stearate. 15. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a suppository, capsule, caplet, pill, gel, soft gelatin capsule, or compressed tablet form. 16. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in unit dose form. 17. A composition suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of a precursor compound included in the composition to a drug susceptible to abuse comprising:
a precursor compound that can be used in a chemical synthesis of a drug that is susceptible to abuse; a triglyceride; hydroxypropylcellulose; polyethylene oxide; and a disintegrant selected from the group consisting of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the precursor compound comprises pseudoephedrine. 19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition is an immediate release composition. 20. The therapeutic composition of composition of claim 16, wherein the unit dose form is a direct compressed unit dose form. 21. A method of making a composition suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compound included in the composition to a drug susceptible to abuse comprising:
providing ingredients comprising: a precursor compound that can be used in a chemical synthesis of a drug that is susceptible to abuse; a triglyceride, hydroxypropylcellulose; polyethylene oxide, and a disintegrant selected from the group consisting of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium; and directly compressing the ingredients into a unit dose form. | Effective methods and compositions to deter abuse of pharmaceutical products (e.g., orally administered pharmaceutical products) including but not limited to immediate release, sustained or extended release and delayed release formulations for drugs subject to abuse.1. A therapeutic composition comprising:
a pharmaceutically effective amount of pseudoephedrine or a salt thereof; a triglyceride; hydroxypropylcellulose; polyethylene oxide; and a disintegrant selected from the group consisting of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium. 2. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an immediate release formulation. 3. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the hydroxypropylcellulose has a viscosity of about 1,500 mPa to about 3,000 mPa at a concentration of 1% in water. 4. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the hydroxypropylcellulose has a molecular weight of about 1,150,000. 5. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene oxide is present in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 7 wt %. 6. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene oxide is present in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 10 wt %. 7. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the triglyceride has a melting point of about 50° ° C. to about 80° C. 8. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the triglyceride is tristearin. 9. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the disintegrant is crospovidone and is present in an amount of about 15 wt % to about 25 wt %. 10. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the disintegrant is crospovidone and is present in an amount of about 18 wt % to about 22 wt %. 11. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, further comprising a glidant. 12. The therapeutic composition of claim 11, wherein the glidant comprises colloidal silicon dioxide. 13. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, further comprising a lubricant. 14. The therapeutic composition of claim 13, wherein the lubricant comprises magnesium stearate. 15. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a suppository, capsule, caplet, pill, gel, soft gelatin capsule, or compressed tablet form. 16. The therapeutic composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in unit dose form. 17. A composition suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of a precursor compound included in the composition to a drug susceptible to abuse comprising:
a precursor compound that can be used in a chemical synthesis of a drug that is susceptible to abuse; a triglyceride; hydroxypropylcellulose; polyethylene oxide; and a disintegrant selected from the group consisting of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the precursor compound comprises pseudoephedrine. 19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition is an immediate release composition. 20. The therapeutic composition of composition of claim 16, wherein the unit dose form is a direct compressed unit dose form. 21. A method of making a composition suitable for reducing the chemical conversion of precursor compound included in the composition to a drug susceptible to abuse comprising:
providing ingredients comprising: a precursor compound that can be used in a chemical synthesis of a drug that is susceptible to abuse; a triglyceride, hydroxypropylcellulose; polyethylene oxide, and a disintegrant selected from the group consisting of crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium; and directly compressing the ingredients into a unit dose form. | 2,800 |
344,022 | 16,803,464 | 2,895 | A process for melting/sintering powder particles for layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects is performed by a) applying a layer of a powder material solidifiable under the action of electromagnetic radiation, b) heating the powder material to not more than 10 K below the melting point according to DIN 53765 by a radiation from a heat-radiating element whose maximum radiation intensity is at a wavelength of 5000 nm or at longer wavelengths, c) selective melting/sintering of at least a region of the powder material which corresponds to the cross section of the three-dimensional object, d) repeating steps a) to c) until the three-dimensional object is obtained. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. An apparatus for layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects, comprising:
heat-radiating elements, whose area, which give off the electromagnetic rays to the surface of the powder bed, is altogether at least 100% of a vertically projected area of the powder bed which is bounded by the build frame. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat-radiating elements are configured such that the intensity maximum of the radiation from the heat-radiating elements is at a wavelength of at least 5000 nm. 6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat-radiating elements are configured such that the total emissivity in the direction of the face normal of the heat-radiating elements is at least 0.2. 7-8. (canceled) 9. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising at least two heat-radiating elements operating concurrently. 10. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said heat-radiating elements are high surface area elements. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein at least two of said at least two heat-radiating elements radiate heat from different directions. 12. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a radiation source to effect selective melting/sintering. 13. The apparatus according to claim 4. wherein said high surface area heat-radiating elements are not used to perform selective melting/sintering. 14. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an irradiation power of the heat-radiating element is at least 2000 W/m2 based on a vertically projected area of a powder bed that is to be heated. | A process for melting/sintering powder particles for layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects is performed by a) applying a layer of a powder material solidifiable under the action of electromagnetic radiation, b) heating the powder material to not more than 10 K below the melting point according to DIN 53765 by a radiation from a heat-radiating element whose maximum radiation intensity is at a wavelength of 5000 nm or at longer wavelengths, c) selective melting/sintering of at least a region of the powder material which corresponds to the cross section of the three-dimensional object, d) repeating steps a) to c) until the three-dimensional object is obtained.1-3. (canceled) 4. An apparatus for layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects, comprising:
heat-radiating elements, whose area, which give off the electromagnetic rays to the surface of the powder bed, is altogether at least 100% of a vertically projected area of the powder bed which is bounded by the build frame. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat-radiating elements are configured such that the intensity maximum of the radiation from the heat-radiating elements is at a wavelength of at least 5000 nm. 6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat-radiating elements are configured such that the total emissivity in the direction of the face normal of the heat-radiating elements is at least 0.2. 7-8. (canceled) 9. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising at least two heat-radiating elements operating concurrently. 10. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said heat-radiating elements are high surface area elements. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein at least two of said at least two heat-radiating elements radiate heat from different directions. 12. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a radiation source to effect selective melting/sintering. 13. The apparatus according to claim 4. wherein said high surface area heat-radiating elements are not used to perform selective melting/sintering. 14. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an irradiation power of the heat-radiating element is at least 2000 W/m2 based on a vertically projected area of a powder bed that is to be heated. | 2,800 |
344,023 | 16,803,463 | 2,895 | A data supply chain can include functional blocks, which can automatically perform stages of data supply chain, which can include data discovery catalog, data contract negotiation, data preparation, data authentication and authorization, data usage and metering, data contract settlement, data disposal and data forensics and reporting. Information from one or more of the stages can be recorded. | 1. A data supply chain system comprising:
a hardware processor; a memory device coupled with the hardware processor; the hardware processor configured to at least:
facilitate discovery and cataloging of data;
facilitate automated data contract negotiation associated with the data;
prepare and authenticate the data based on the data contract;
monitor data usage of the data;
perform automatic data contract settlement;
responsive to automatically determining expiry of the data contract, perform data disposal; and
perform automatic data forensics,
wherein the hardware processor is configured to record information associated with discovering, facilitating, preparing, monitoring, performing automatic data contract settlement, performing data disposal and performing automatic data forensics. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to record the information in blockchain. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to catalog data to include attributes and data description associated with the data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the data description includes at least a data model, an application programming interface (API) and metadata associated with the data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to automatically negotiate data request, data pricing and terms and data payment using a machine readable contract. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to automatically curate the data, automatically perform sample testing of the data, and place the data in a geographic location, to prepare the data. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the hardware processor curates the data at least by cleansing and anonymizing the data. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is configured to create a credential for accessing the data. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to monitor usage by a filter. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to monitor auxiliary usage associated with usage of data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the auxiliary usage includes at least one of processor usage, memory usage, storage usage, input/output usage, container, virtual machine, and network usage. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to automatically delete a machine learning model trained using the data and information obtained from the machine learning model, in disposing the data. 13. A computer-implemented data supply chain method, comprising:
facilitating discovery and cataloging of data; facilitating automated data contract negotiation associated with the data; preparing and authenticating the data based on the data contract; monitoring data usage of the data; performing automatic data contract settlement; responsive to automatically determining expiry of the data contract, performing data disposal; and performing automatic data forensics, wherein information associated with discovering, facilitating, preparing, monitoring, performing automatic data contract settlement, performing data disposal and performing automatic data forensics are recorded. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cataloged data further includes at least attributes and data description associated with the data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the data description includes at least a data model, an application programming interface (API) and metadata associated with the data. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the facilitating automated data contract negotiation associated with the data includes automatically negotiating a data request, data pricing and terms and data payment using a machine readable contract. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the preparing of the data includes at least automatically curating the data, automatically performing sample testing of the data, and placing the data in a geographic location. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the curating includes at least cleansing and anonymizing the data. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the monitoring includes at least monitoring data usage and auxiliary usage associated with usage of data. 20. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to:
facilitate discovery and cataloging data; facilitate automated data contract negotiation associated with the data; prepare and authenticate the data based on the data contract; monitor data usage of the data; perform automatic data contract settlement; responsive to automatically determining expiry of the data contract, perform data disposal; and perform automatic data forensics,
wherein the hardware processor is configured to record, information associated with discovering, facilitating, preparing, monitoring, performing automatic data contract settlement,
performing data disposal and performing automatic data forensics. | A data supply chain can include functional blocks, which can automatically perform stages of data supply chain, which can include data discovery catalog, data contract negotiation, data preparation, data authentication and authorization, data usage and metering, data contract settlement, data disposal and data forensics and reporting. Information from one or more of the stages can be recorded.1. A data supply chain system comprising:
a hardware processor; a memory device coupled with the hardware processor; the hardware processor configured to at least:
facilitate discovery and cataloging of data;
facilitate automated data contract negotiation associated with the data;
prepare and authenticate the data based on the data contract;
monitor data usage of the data;
perform automatic data contract settlement;
responsive to automatically determining expiry of the data contract, perform data disposal; and
perform automatic data forensics,
wherein the hardware processor is configured to record information associated with discovering, facilitating, preparing, monitoring, performing automatic data contract settlement, performing data disposal and performing automatic data forensics. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to record the information in blockchain. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to catalog data to include attributes and data description associated with the data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the data description includes at least a data model, an application programming interface (API) and metadata associated with the data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to automatically negotiate data request, data pricing and terms and data payment using a machine readable contract. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to automatically curate the data, automatically perform sample testing of the data, and place the data in a geographic location, to prepare the data. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the hardware processor curates the data at least by cleansing and anonymizing the data. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is configured to create a credential for accessing the data. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to monitor usage by a filter. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to monitor auxiliary usage associated with usage of data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the auxiliary usage includes at least one of processor usage, memory usage, storage usage, input/output usage, container, virtual machine, and network usage. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is configured to automatically delete a machine learning model trained using the data and information obtained from the machine learning model, in disposing the data. 13. A computer-implemented data supply chain method, comprising:
facilitating discovery and cataloging of data; facilitating automated data contract negotiation associated with the data; preparing and authenticating the data based on the data contract; monitoring data usage of the data; performing automatic data contract settlement; responsive to automatically determining expiry of the data contract, performing data disposal; and performing automatic data forensics, wherein information associated with discovering, facilitating, preparing, monitoring, performing automatic data contract settlement, performing data disposal and performing automatic data forensics are recorded. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cataloged data further includes at least attributes and data description associated with the data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the data description includes at least a data model, an application programming interface (API) and metadata associated with the data. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the facilitating automated data contract negotiation associated with the data includes automatically negotiating a data request, data pricing and terms and data payment using a machine readable contract. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the preparing of the data includes at least automatically curating the data, automatically performing sample testing of the data, and placing the data in a geographic location. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the curating includes at least cleansing and anonymizing the data. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the monitoring includes at least monitoring data usage and auxiliary usage associated with usage of data. 20. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to:
facilitate discovery and cataloging data; facilitate automated data contract negotiation associated with the data; prepare and authenticate the data based on the data contract; monitor data usage of the data; perform automatic data contract settlement; responsive to automatically determining expiry of the data contract, perform data disposal; and perform automatic data forensics,
wherein the hardware processor is configured to record, information associated with discovering, facilitating, preparing, monitoring, performing automatic data contract settlement,
performing data disposal and performing automatic data forensics. | 2,800 |
344,024 | 16,803,456 | 2,895 | A display device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The display device includes a display panel, a first circuit board which has a first end attached onto the display panel, a driver integrated circuit which is disposed on the first circuit board, a sealing member disposed on the first circuit board and which surrounds an outer surface of the driver integrated circuit, and an insulating tape which is disposed on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display panel; a first circuit board which has a first end attached onto the display panel; a driver integrated circuit which is disposed on the first circuit board; a sealing member disposed on the first circuit board and which surrounds an outer surface of the driver integrated circuit; and an insulating tape which is disposed on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the insulating tape overlaps the driver integrated circuit and is attached onto at least a part of an upper surface of the sealing member. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein a side surface of the insulating tape forms a level surface with a side surface of the sealing member. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein a height of the sealing member is greater than a height measured from an upper surface of the first circuit board to an upper surface of the driver integrated circuit. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein at least a part of an upper surface of the insulating tape is sunken into the driver integrated circuit, and a lower surface of the sunken part contacts the upper surface of the driver integrated circuit. 6. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a protective resin which is disposed between the insulating tape and the first circuit board in an area surrounded by the sealing member. 7. The display device of claim 6, wherein the protective resin is disposed between the driver integrated circuit and the sealing member. 8. The display device of claim 6, wherein the protective resin is disposed between the upper surface of the driver integrated circuit and the insulating tape. 9. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a second circuit board which is attached onto a second end, opposite the first end, of the first circuit board. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the second circuit board is spaced apart from the sealing member. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the second circuit board surrounds one side of the sealing member and both sides, connected to both ends of the one side, of the sealing member and is spaced apart from the one side and the both sides. 12. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a print layer which is formed on the first circuit board to be spaced apart from the driver integrated circuit,
wherein at least a part of the print layer surrounds the outer surface of the driver integrated circuit, and at least portion of the sealing member partially overlaps the print layer. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the print layer comprises one or more print patterns, and the print patterns are spaced apart from each other and face the outer surface of the driver integrated circuit. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the sealing member comprises a first area overlapping a print pattern of the one or more print patterns and a second area adjacent to the first area and not overlapping the one or more print patterns. 15. A display device comprising:
a display panel which comprises a display area, a non-display area surrounding the display area, and a coupling area disposed on a side of the non-display area; a first circuit board which has a first end attached onto the coupling area of the display panel; a second circuit board which is attached onto a second end, opposite the first end, of the first circuit board; a driver integrated circuit which is disposed on the first circuit board to be spaced apart from the second circuit board; a print layer which is formed on the first circuit board to surround the driver integrated circuit at a distance from the driver integrated circuit; a sealing member which is disposed on the print layer to surround the driver integrated circuit and disposed between the driver integrated circuit and the second circuit board; an insulating tape which is disposed on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit; and a protective resin which is disposed between the insulating tape and the first circuit board in an area surrounded by the sealing member. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the insulating tape overlaps the driver integrated circuit and is attached onto at least a part of an upper surface of the sealing member. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the second circuit board surrounds one side of the sealing member and both sides, connected to both ends of the one side, of the sealing member and is spaced apart from the one side and the both sides. 18. A method of fabricating a display device, the method comprising:
preparing a first circuit board having a print layer formed on at least a part of the first circuit board; placing a driver integrated circuit in an area surrounded by the print layer and forming a sealing member on the print layer; and injecting a protective resin into an area surrounded by the sealing member and placing an insulating tape on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the forming of the sealing member comprises:
moving a camera, which senses a position of the print layer formed on the first circuit board, along the print layer; and injecting a sealant onto the print layer using a first nozzle moving in a same direction as the camera. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein in the placing of the insulating tape, the insulating tape is attached to at least a part of an upper surface of the sealing member. | A display device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The display device includes a display panel, a first circuit board which has a first end attached onto the display panel, a driver integrated circuit which is disposed on the first circuit board, a sealing member disposed on the first circuit board and which surrounds an outer surface of the driver integrated circuit, and an insulating tape which is disposed on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel; a first circuit board which has a first end attached onto the display panel; a driver integrated circuit which is disposed on the first circuit board; a sealing member disposed on the first circuit board and which surrounds an outer surface of the driver integrated circuit; and an insulating tape which is disposed on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the insulating tape overlaps the driver integrated circuit and is attached onto at least a part of an upper surface of the sealing member. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein a side surface of the insulating tape forms a level surface with a side surface of the sealing member. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein a height of the sealing member is greater than a height measured from an upper surface of the first circuit board to an upper surface of the driver integrated circuit. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein at least a part of an upper surface of the insulating tape is sunken into the driver integrated circuit, and a lower surface of the sunken part contacts the upper surface of the driver integrated circuit. 6. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a protective resin which is disposed between the insulating tape and the first circuit board in an area surrounded by the sealing member. 7. The display device of claim 6, wherein the protective resin is disposed between the driver integrated circuit and the sealing member. 8. The display device of claim 6, wherein the protective resin is disposed between the upper surface of the driver integrated circuit and the insulating tape. 9. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a second circuit board which is attached onto a second end, opposite the first end, of the first circuit board. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the second circuit board is spaced apart from the sealing member. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the second circuit board surrounds one side of the sealing member and both sides, connected to both ends of the one side, of the sealing member and is spaced apart from the one side and the both sides. 12. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a print layer which is formed on the first circuit board to be spaced apart from the driver integrated circuit,
wherein at least a part of the print layer surrounds the outer surface of the driver integrated circuit, and at least portion of the sealing member partially overlaps the print layer. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the print layer comprises one or more print patterns, and the print patterns are spaced apart from each other and face the outer surface of the driver integrated circuit. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the sealing member comprises a first area overlapping a print pattern of the one or more print patterns and a second area adjacent to the first area and not overlapping the one or more print patterns. 15. A display device comprising:
a display panel which comprises a display area, a non-display area surrounding the display area, and a coupling area disposed on a side of the non-display area; a first circuit board which has a first end attached onto the coupling area of the display panel; a second circuit board which is attached onto a second end, opposite the first end, of the first circuit board; a driver integrated circuit which is disposed on the first circuit board to be spaced apart from the second circuit board; a print layer which is formed on the first circuit board to surround the driver integrated circuit at a distance from the driver integrated circuit; a sealing member which is disposed on the print layer to surround the driver integrated circuit and disposed between the driver integrated circuit and the second circuit board; an insulating tape which is disposed on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit; and a protective resin which is disposed between the insulating tape and the first circuit board in an area surrounded by the sealing member. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the insulating tape overlaps the driver integrated circuit and is attached onto at least a part of an upper surface of the sealing member. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the second circuit board surrounds one side of the sealing member and both sides, connected to both ends of the one side, of the sealing member and is spaced apart from the one side and the both sides. 18. A method of fabricating a display device, the method comprising:
preparing a first circuit board having a print layer formed on at least a part of the first circuit board; placing a driver integrated circuit in an area surrounded by the print layer and forming a sealing member on the print layer; and injecting a protective resin into an area surrounded by the sealing member and placing an insulating tape on the sealing member and the driver integrated circuit. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the forming of the sealing member comprises:
moving a camera, which senses a position of the print layer formed on the first circuit board, along the print layer; and injecting a sealant onto the print layer using a first nozzle moving in a same direction as the camera. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein in the placing of the insulating tape, the insulating tape is attached to at least a part of an upper surface of the sealing member. | 2,800 |
344,025 | 16,803,462 | 2,895 | A secured device has a secure storage area and is configured to communicate with an authentication manager of a key server. A salt and a key identifier of a key are received to the secured device from the key server. Information corresponding to the key identifier is embedded into the salt to create a combined identifier-salt value. The combined identifier-salt value is stored in the secure storage area. The combined identifier-salt value is utilized as additional input to a hash function along with a password. The key is identified using the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt. | 1. A system for efficient use of secure storage space, comprising:
a secured device having a secure storage area, the secured device configured to communicate with an authentication manager of a key server, the secured device programmed to:
receive a salt and a key identifier of a key from the key server;
embed information corresponding to the key identifier into the salt to create a combined identifier-salt value;
store the combined identifier-salt value in the secure storage area;
utilize the combined identifier-salt value as additional input to a hash function along with a password; and
identify the key using the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to send, to the key server, a slot identifier of a key slot of the secure storage area into which the combined identifier-salt value is placed. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
receive, from the key server, a message to revoke the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirm that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, revoke the key; and if not, indicate an error condition. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
receive, from the key server, a message to update the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirm that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, update the key; and if not, indicate an error condition. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to reduce the key identifier into a reduced form factor key identifier by sampling a subset of bits of the key identifier to create a short key identifier, wherein the short key identifier is the information corresponding to the key identifier. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is the key identifier in its entirety. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is a lossless compressed version of the key identifier. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is embedded into the salt at a predefined location in the salt. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
responsive to being reset, send a reset flag to the key server; and receive from the key server responsive to the send of the reset flag, redeployment of keys to the secured device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
receive a request for a password entry for a requested key identifier; responsive to the request, send a generated nonce value and a requested salt corresponding to the requested key identifier retrieved from the secure storage area; and generate a second nonce value, to replace the generated nonce value, for a next request for password entry. 11. A method for efficient use of secure storage space, comprising:
receiving, to a secured device having a secure storage area, a salt value and a key identifier of a key from a key server; embedding information corresponding to the key identifier into the salt to create a combined identifier-salt value; storing the combined identifier-salt value in the secure storage area; utilizing the combined identifier-salt value as additional input to a hash function along with a password; and identifying the key using the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising sending, to the key server, a slot identifier of a key slot of the secure storage area into which the combined identifier-salt value is placed. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, from the key server, a message to revoke the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirming that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, revoking the key; and if not, indicating an error condition. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, from the key server, a message to update the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirming that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, updating the key; and if not, indicating an error condition. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising reducing the key identifier into a reduced form factor key identifier by sampling a subset of bits of the key identifier to create a short key identifier, wherein the short key identifier is the information corresponding to the key identifier. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is the key identifier in its entirety. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is a lossless compressed version of the key identifier. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is embedded into the salt at a predefined location in the salt. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
responsive to being reset, sending a reset flag to the key server; and receiving from the key server responsive to the send of the reset flag, redeployment of keys to the secured device. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a request for a password entry for a requested key identifier; responsive to the request, sending a generated nonce and a requested salt corresponding to the requested key identifier retrieved from the secure storage area; and generating a second none, to replace the generated nonce, for a next request for password entry. | A secured device has a secure storage area and is configured to communicate with an authentication manager of a key server. A salt and a key identifier of a key are received to the secured device from the key server. Information corresponding to the key identifier is embedded into the salt to create a combined identifier-salt value. The combined identifier-salt value is stored in the secure storage area. The combined identifier-salt value is utilized as additional input to a hash function along with a password. The key is identified using the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt.1. A system for efficient use of secure storage space, comprising:
a secured device having a secure storage area, the secured device configured to communicate with an authentication manager of a key server, the secured device programmed to:
receive a salt and a key identifier of a key from the key server;
embed information corresponding to the key identifier into the salt to create a combined identifier-salt value;
store the combined identifier-salt value in the secure storage area;
utilize the combined identifier-salt value as additional input to a hash function along with a password; and
identify the key using the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to send, to the key server, a slot identifier of a key slot of the secure storage area into which the combined identifier-salt value is placed. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
receive, from the key server, a message to revoke the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirm that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, revoke the key; and if not, indicate an error condition. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
receive, from the key server, a message to update the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirm that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, update the key; and if not, indicate an error condition. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to reduce the key identifier into a reduced form factor key identifier by sampling a subset of bits of the key identifier to create a short key identifier, wherein the short key identifier is the information corresponding to the key identifier. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is the key identifier in its entirety. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is a lossless compressed version of the key identifier. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is embedded into the salt at a predefined location in the salt. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
responsive to being reset, send a reset flag to the key server; and receive from the key server responsive to the send of the reset flag, redeployment of keys to the secured device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the secured device is further programmed to:
receive a request for a password entry for a requested key identifier; responsive to the request, send a generated nonce value and a requested salt corresponding to the requested key identifier retrieved from the secure storage area; and generate a second nonce value, to replace the generated nonce value, for a next request for password entry. 11. A method for efficient use of secure storage space, comprising:
receiving, to a secured device having a secure storage area, a salt value and a key identifier of a key from a key server; embedding information corresponding to the key identifier into the salt to create a combined identifier-salt value; storing the combined identifier-salt value in the secure storage area; utilizing the combined identifier-salt value as additional input to a hash function along with a password; and identifying the key using the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising sending, to the key server, a slot identifier of a key slot of the secure storage area into which the combined identifier-salt value is placed. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, from the key server, a message to revoke the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirming that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, revoking the key; and if not, indicating an error condition. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving, from the key server, a message to update the key, the message including the key identifier and the slot identifier; confirming that the key identifier of the key slot indicated by the slot identifier matches the information corresponding to the key identifier embedded into the salt stored to the key slot; if so, updating the key; and if not, indicating an error condition. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising reducing the key identifier into a reduced form factor key identifier by sampling a subset of bits of the key identifier to create a short key identifier, wherein the short key identifier is the information corresponding to the key identifier. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is the key identifier in its entirety. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is a lossless compressed version of the key identifier. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the information corresponding to the key identifier is embedded into the salt at a predefined location in the salt. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
responsive to being reset, sending a reset flag to the key server; and receiving from the key server responsive to the send of the reset flag, redeployment of keys to the secured device. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a request for a password entry for a requested key identifier; responsive to the request, sending a generated nonce and a requested salt corresponding to the requested key identifier retrieved from the secure storage area; and generating a second none, to replace the generated nonce, for a next request for password entry. | 2,800 |
344,026 | 16,803,466 | 2,895 | Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The at least one computer system may be further configured to create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic of the patient's heart and determine a fractional flow reserve within the patient's heart based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model. | 1-184. (canceled) 185. A method for providing computation of a hemodynamic index from medical image data of a patient, comprising the steps of:
automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient; and predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms. 186. The method of claim 185, wherein automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient comprises:
automatically extracting centerlines and cross-sectional contours for each of the one or more arteries of the patient from the medical image data of the patient. 187. The method of claim 185, wherein predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms comprises:
predicting the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index using the one or more algorithms based on extracted features related to the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model that are input to the one or more algorithms. 188. The method of claim 187, wherein the features include features extracted from the medical image data of the patient. 189. The method of claim 187, wherein the features include non-invasive patient data and measurements acquired for the patient. 190. The method of claim 187, wherein the features include features extracted from the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient. 191. The method of claim 187, further comprising:
automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient, wherein the features include the initial values computed for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model and features extracted from the initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 192. The method of claim 191, wherein automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient comprises:
computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries using a second algorithm. 193. The method of claim 187, further comprising:
performing an automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model, wherein the features include anatomical features related to one or more stenosis regions in the one or more arteries of the patient extracted from results of the automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 194. The method of claim 185, further comprising:
requesting user feedback for only the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index; receiving user feedback for the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index, resulting in a revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient; and computing final values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the one or more arteries of the patient based on the revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient. 195. The method of claim 185, wherein the hemodynamic index is fractional flow reserve. 196. The method of claim 185, wherein the one or more arteries of the patient comprise one or more coronary arteries of the patient. 197. An apparatus for providing computation of a hemodynamic index from medical image data of a patient, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing computer program instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising: automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient; and predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms. 198. The apparatus of claim 197, wherein predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms comprises:
predicting the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index using the one or more algorithms based on extracted features related to the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model that are input to the one or more algorithms. 199. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the operations further comprise: automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient, wherein the features include the initial values computed for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model and features extracted from the initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 200. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the operations further comprise:
performing an automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model, wherein the features include anatomical features related to one or more stenosis regions in the one or more arteries of the patient extracted from results of the automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 201. The apparatus of claim 197, wherein the operations further comprise:
requesting user feedback for only the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index; receiving user feedback for the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index, resulting in a revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient; and computing final values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the one or more arteries of the patient based on the revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient. 202. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer program instructions for providing computation of a hemodynamic index from medical image data of a patient, the computer program instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient; and predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms. 203. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 202, wherein predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms comprises:
predicting the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index using the one or more algorithms based on extracted features related to the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model that are input to the one or more algorithms. 204. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise:
automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient, wherein the features include the initial values computed for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model and features extracted from the initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. | Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The at least one computer system may be further configured to create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic of the patient's heart and determine a fractional flow reserve within the patient's heart based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model.1-184. (canceled) 185. A method for providing computation of a hemodynamic index from medical image data of a patient, comprising the steps of:
automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient; and predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms. 186. The method of claim 185, wherein automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient comprises:
automatically extracting centerlines and cross-sectional contours for each of the one or more arteries of the patient from the medical image data of the patient. 187. The method of claim 185, wherein predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms comprises:
predicting the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index using the one or more algorithms based on extracted features related to the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model that are input to the one or more algorithms. 188. The method of claim 187, wherein the features include features extracted from the medical image data of the patient. 189. The method of claim 187, wherein the features include non-invasive patient data and measurements acquired for the patient. 190. The method of claim 187, wherein the features include features extracted from the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient. 191. The method of claim 187, further comprising:
automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient, wherein the features include the initial values computed for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model and features extracted from the initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 192. The method of claim 191, wherein automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient comprises:
computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries using a second algorithm. 193. The method of claim 187, further comprising:
performing an automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model, wherein the features include anatomical features related to one or more stenosis regions in the one or more arteries of the patient extracted from results of the automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 194. The method of claim 185, further comprising:
requesting user feedback for only the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index; receiving user feedback for the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index, resulting in a revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient; and computing final values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the one or more arteries of the patient based on the revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient. 195. The method of claim 185, wherein the hemodynamic index is fractional flow reserve. 196. The method of claim 185, wherein the one or more arteries of the patient comprise one or more coronary arteries of the patient. 197. An apparatus for providing computation of a hemodynamic index from medical image data of a patient, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing computer program instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising: automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient; and predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms. 198. The apparatus of claim 197, wherein predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms comprises:
predicting the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index using the one or more algorithms based on extracted features related to the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model that are input to the one or more algorithms. 199. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the operations further comprise: automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient, wherein the features include the initial values computed for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model and features extracted from the initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 200. The apparatus of claim 198, wherein the operations further comprise:
performing an automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model, wherein the features include anatomical features related to one or more stenosis regions in the one or more arteries of the patient extracted from results of the automated anatomical evaluation of the one or more arteries of the patient in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. 201. The apparatus of claim 197, wherein the operations further comprise:
requesting user feedback for only the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index; receiving user feedback for the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model predicted by the one or more algorithms as requiring user feedback for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index, resulting in a revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient; and computing final values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the one or more arteries of the patient based on the revised anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient. 202. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer program instructions for providing computation of a hemodynamic index from medical image data of a patient, the computer program instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
automatically generating a patient-specific anatomical model of one or more arteries of a patient based on medical image data of the patient; and predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms. 203. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 202, wherein predicting regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of a hemodynamic index using one or more algorithms comprises:
predicting the regions in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model for which user feedback is required for accurate computation of the hemodynamic index using the one or more algorithms based on extracted features related to the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model that are input to the one or more algorithms. 204. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise:
automatically computing initial values for the hemodynamic index at a plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model of the one or more arteries of the patient, wherein the features include the initial values computed for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model and features extracted from the initial values for the hemodynamic index at the plurality of locations in the automatically generated patient-specific anatomical model. | 2,800 |
344,027 | 16,803,502 | 2,895 | An electrosurgical snare device is provided which uses a flow of inert gas to assist in the cutting and sealing process of tissue, while substantially reducing the fornnation of eschar and collateral tissue damage. The electrosurgical device includes a housing having a longitudinal axis; a support shaft attached to a distal end of the housing, and an end effector coupled to a distal end of the support shaft. The end effector includes a tube including a plurality of apertures and an electrically conducting spring disposed around the tube, where a spacing of the coils of the spring coincides with a spacing of the plurality of apertures, wherein a gas assisted electrosurgical effect is formed at each of the plurality of apertures when an inert gas flows through the tube and the spring is energized. The tube may be configured as a loop or snare. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. An electrosurgical device comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis; a support shaft attached to a distal end of the housing, the support shaft having a longitudinal axis substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the housing; and a tube, wherein at least a portion of the tube is configured as a loop extending from a distal end of the support shaft, the loop including a plurality of apertures disposed along a length of the tube and an electrically conducting spring disposed around the tube, the spring including a plurality of coils spaced apart from each other, where a spacing of the coils coincides with a spacing of the plurality of apertures; wherein a gas assisted electrosurgical effect is formed at each of the plurality of apertures when an inert gas flows through the tube and the spring is energized to cut and seal tissue using the loop. 16-18. (canceled) 19. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising an articulating mechanism that articulates the loop at a distal end of the support shaft. 20. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising a positioning assembly configured to move the loop between an extended position and a retracted position. 21. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the loop includes a diameter and the loop is configured to be drawn into the support shaft to decrease the diameter of the loop such that when the loop is drawn around tissue, inert gas is provided through the tube, the spring is energized, and the diameter of the loop is decreased to remove the tissue from a patient. 22. The electrosurgical device of claim 21, further comprising a back stop disposed at the distal end of the support shaft and configured to prevent the tissue from entering the support shaft. 23. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein tube includes a first end and a second, closed end, each end of the tube disposed through the distal end of the shaft, the first end coupled to a gas input for receiving the inert gas and the second, closed end coupled to an interior of the shaft. 24. The electrosurgical device of claim 23, further comprising an anchor for coupling the second, closed end of the tube to the interior of the shaft, the anchor configured to be rotatable to enable the tube to rotate. 25. The electrosurgical device of claim 23, wherein the tube is drawn into the support shaft to decrease a diameter of the loop. 26. The electrosurgical device of claim 23, wherein when the loop is drawn around tissue, inert gas is provided through the tube, the spring is energized, and the diameter of the loop is decreased to remove the tissue from a patient. 27. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising a second tube and a gas manifold, the second tube including a first end and a second end, the first end coupled to a gas input for receiving the inert gas and the second end coupled to the gas manifold, the gas manifold coupled to the first tube and configured to cause the second tube to be formed into the loop. 28. The electrosurgical device of claim 27, wherein the second tube is drawn into the support shaft to draw the loop into the support shaft and decrease the diameter of the loop. 29. The electrosurgical device of claim 28, wherein when the loop is drawn around tissue, inert gas is provided through the tube, the spring is energized, and the diameter of the loop is decreased to remove the tissue from a patient. 30. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein each aperture is located at the approximate center between adjacent coils of the electrically conducting spring. 31. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising a connector that connects the electrically conducting spring to an electrical energy source and the tube to a gas source, the connector including a memory device that stores an impedance value of the spring. 32. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising at least one lumen disposed in the support shaft and configured to remove debris from the distal end of the support shaft. 33. The electrosurgical device of claim 32, further comprising at least one second lumen disposed in the support shaft and configured to irrigate a surgical site. 34. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the tube is rotatable to vary a direction of the plurality of apertures thus varying a cutting and sealing direction of the loop. 35. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of apertures face away from the center of the loop and the loop is used to cut and seal tissue by pushing the electrosurgical device onto tissue. 36. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of apertures face toward the center of the loop and the loop is used to cut and seal tissue by pulling the electrosurgical device while tissue is disposed in the loop. 37. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of apertures face a predetermined angle relative to a plane of the loop such the loop is used to plane down a surface of the tissue a layer at a time. | An electrosurgical snare device is provided which uses a flow of inert gas to assist in the cutting and sealing process of tissue, while substantially reducing the fornnation of eschar and collateral tissue damage. The electrosurgical device includes a housing having a longitudinal axis; a support shaft attached to a distal end of the housing, and an end effector coupled to a distal end of the support shaft. The end effector includes a tube including a plurality of apertures and an electrically conducting spring disposed around the tube, where a spacing of the coils of the spring coincides with a spacing of the plurality of apertures, wherein a gas assisted electrosurgical effect is formed at each of the plurality of apertures when an inert gas flows through the tube and the spring is energized. The tube may be configured as a loop or snare.1-14. (canceled) 15. An electrosurgical device comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis; a support shaft attached to a distal end of the housing, the support shaft having a longitudinal axis substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the housing; and a tube, wherein at least a portion of the tube is configured as a loop extending from a distal end of the support shaft, the loop including a plurality of apertures disposed along a length of the tube and an electrically conducting spring disposed around the tube, the spring including a plurality of coils spaced apart from each other, where a spacing of the coils coincides with a spacing of the plurality of apertures; wherein a gas assisted electrosurgical effect is formed at each of the plurality of apertures when an inert gas flows through the tube and the spring is energized to cut and seal tissue using the loop. 16-18. (canceled) 19. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising an articulating mechanism that articulates the loop at a distal end of the support shaft. 20. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising a positioning assembly configured to move the loop between an extended position and a retracted position. 21. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the loop includes a diameter and the loop is configured to be drawn into the support shaft to decrease the diameter of the loop such that when the loop is drawn around tissue, inert gas is provided through the tube, the spring is energized, and the diameter of the loop is decreased to remove the tissue from a patient. 22. The electrosurgical device of claim 21, further comprising a back stop disposed at the distal end of the support shaft and configured to prevent the tissue from entering the support shaft. 23. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein tube includes a first end and a second, closed end, each end of the tube disposed through the distal end of the shaft, the first end coupled to a gas input for receiving the inert gas and the second, closed end coupled to an interior of the shaft. 24. The electrosurgical device of claim 23, further comprising an anchor for coupling the second, closed end of the tube to the interior of the shaft, the anchor configured to be rotatable to enable the tube to rotate. 25. The electrosurgical device of claim 23, wherein the tube is drawn into the support shaft to decrease a diameter of the loop. 26. The electrosurgical device of claim 23, wherein when the loop is drawn around tissue, inert gas is provided through the tube, the spring is energized, and the diameter of the loop is decreased to remove the tissue from a patient. 27. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising a second tube and a gas manifold, the second tube including a first end and a second end, the first end coupled to a gas input for receiving the inert gas and the second end coupled to the gas manifold, the gas manifold coupled to the first tube and configured to cause the second tube to be formed into the loop. 28. The electrosurgical device of claim 27, wherein the second tube is drawn into the support shaft to draw the loop into the support shaft and decrease the diameter of the loop. 29. The electrosurgical device of claim 28, wherein when the loop is drawn around tissue, inert gas is provided through the tube, the spring is energized, and the diameter of the loop is decreased to remove the tissue from a patient. 30. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein each aperture is located at the approximate center between adjacent coils of the electrically conducting spring. 31. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising a connector that connects the electrically conducting spring to an electrical energy source and the tube to a gas source, the connector including a memory device that stores an impedance value of the spring. 32. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, further comprising at least one lumen disposed in the support shaft and configured to remove debris from the distal end of the support shaft. 33. The electrosurgical device of claim 32, further comprising at least one second lumen disposed in the support shaft and configured to irrigate a surgical site. 34. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the tube is rotatable to vary a direction of the plurality of apertures thus varying a cutting and sealing direction of the loop. 35. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of apertures face away from the center of the loop and the loop is used to cut and seal tissue by pushing the electrosurgical device onto tissue. 36. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of apertures face toward the center of the loop and the loop is used to cut and seal tissue by pulling the electrosurgical device while tissue is disposed in the loop. 37. The electrosurgical device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of apertures face a predetermined angle relative to a plane of the loop such the loop is used to plane down a surface of the tissue a layer at a time. | 2,800 |
344,028 | 16,803,458 | 2,895 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may map an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission, wherein the mapping relates to at least one of an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission, a transport block size determination, a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission. The UE may transmit the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
mapping an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
transmitting the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the set of symbols is a set of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-ODFM) symbols, mapping the URLLC transmission comprises postponing the orphaned symbol repetition to an available transmission window. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the set of symbols is a set of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-ODFM) symbols, mapping the URLLC transmission comprises dropping the orphaned symbol repetition. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) is multiplexed with a demodulation reference signal of the orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a Zadoff-Chu sequence is used for the demodulation reference signal. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the HARQ ACK is indicated using a cyclic shift of the demodulation reference signal. 7. The method of any claim 4, wherein a pseudo-noise sequence is used for the demodulation reference signal. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the HARQ ACK is indicated using a comb index of the demodulation reference signal. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a first actual resource or a first actual repetition is used to perform the transport block size determination. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission in a slot are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions and the first repetition of the URLLC transmission in the slot is mapped with a demodulation reference signal in a third or fourth symbol of the slot when a condition is satisfied. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein all repetitions of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-SRS preempts or cancels an uplink shared channel associated with a best-effort service. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-SRS preempts or cancels the uplink shared channel in one or more conflicting symbols. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is explicitly indicated to the UE. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is explicitly indicated to the UE using downlink control information. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is implicitly indicated to the UE. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is implicitly indicated to the UE based at least in part on a timeline of downlink control information reception of the UE. 20. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
map an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
transmit the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 21. The UE of claim 20, wherein, when the set of symbols is a set of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-ODFM) symbols, mapping the URLLC transmission comprises dropping the orphaned symbol repetition. 22. The UE of claim 20, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. 23. The UE of claim 20, wherein a first actual resource or a first actual repetition is used to perform the transport block size determination. 24. The UE of claim 20, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions. 25. The UE of claim 20, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission in a slot are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions and the first repetition of the URLLC transmission in the slot is mapped with a demodulation reference signal in a third or fourth symbol of the slot when a condition is satisfied. 26. The UE of claim 20, wherein all repetitions of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first one or more symbols of the one or more repetitions. 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the one or more processors to:
map an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
transmit the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for mapping an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
means for transmitting the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may map an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission, wherein the mapping relates to at least one of an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission, a transport block size determination, a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission. The UE may transmit the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
mapping an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
transmitting the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the set of symbols is a set of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-ODFM) symbols, mapping the URLLC transmission comprises postponing the orphaned symbol repetition to an available transmission window. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the set of symbols is a set of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-ODFM) symbols, mapping the URLLC transmission comprises dropping the orphaned symbol repetition. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) is multiplexed with a demodulation reference signal of the orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a Zadoff-Chu sequence is used for the demodulation reference signal. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the HARQ ACK is indicated using a cyclic shift of the demodulation reference signal. 7. The method of any claim 4, wherein a pseudo-noise sequence is used for the demodulation reference signal. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the HARQ ACK is indicated using a comb index of the demodulation reference signal. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a first actual resource or a first actual repetition is used to perform the transport block size determination. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission in a slot are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions and the first repetition of the URLLC transmission in the slot is mapped with a demodulation reference signal in a third or fourth symbol of the slot when a condition is satisfied. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein all repetitions of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-SRS preempts or cancels an uplink shared channel associated with a best-effort service. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-SRS preempts or cancels the uplink shared channel in one or more conflicting symbols. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is explicitly indicated to the UE. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is explicitly indicated to the UE using downlink control information. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is implicitly indicated to the UE. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the A-SRS is implicitly indicated to the UE based at least in part on a timeline of downlink control information reception of the UE. 20. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
map an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
transmit the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 21. The UE of claim 20, wherein, when the set of symbols is a set of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-ODFM) symbols, mapping the URLLC transmission comprises dropping the orphaned symbol repetition. 22. The UE of claim 20, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. 23. The UE of claim 20, wherein a first actual resource or a first actual repetition is used to perform the transport block size determination. 24. The UE of claim 20, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions. 25. The UE of claim 20, wherein one or more repetitions after a first repetition of the URLLC transmission in a slot are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first set of symbols of the one or more repetitions and the first repetition of the URLLC transmission in the slot is mapped with a demodulation reference signal in a third or fourth symbol of the slot when a condition is satisfied. 26. The UE of claim 20, wherein all repetitions of the URLLC transmission are mapped with a demodulation reference symbol at a first one or more symbols of the one or more repetitions. 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the one or more processors to:
map an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
transmit the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for mapping an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) transmission to a set of symbols for uplink transmission,
wherein the mapping relates to at least one of:
an orphaned symbol repetition of the URLLC transmission,
a transport block size determination,
a shared channel mapping type of a repetition of the URLLC transmission, or
a priority of an aperiodic sounding reference signal (A-SRS) of the URLLC transmission; and
means for transmitting the URLLC transmission based at least in part on the mapping. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein a nominal length or a first nominal repetition of the URLLC transmission is used to perform the transport block size determination. | 2,800 |
344,029 | 16,803,515 | 2,895 | Methods and devices for treatment of a patient's cerebral aneurysm is described. The device includes a permeable shell having a radially constrained elongated state configured for delivery within a catheter lumen, an expanded state with a longitudinally shortened configuration relative to the radially constrained state, and a plurality of elongate filaments that are woven together to form a mesh. The proximal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a proximal hub and the distal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a distal hub. The proximal portion of the permeable shell includes a swellable polymer. The method includes advancing the implant in a microcatheter to a region of interest in the cerebral vasculature, deploying the implant within the cerebral aneurysm, and withdrawing the microcatheter from the region of interest after deploying the implant. | 1. A device for treatment of a patient's cerebral aneurysm, comprising a permeable shell including a radially constrained elongated state configured for delivery within a catheter lumen, an expanded state with a longitudinally shortened configuration relative to the radially constrained state, and a plurality of elongate filaments that are woven together to form a mesh, the expanded state having a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein each of the plurality of filaments has a proximal end and a distal end, and wherein the proximal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a proximal hub and the distal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a distal hub, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprises a swellable polymer. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the swellable polymer is disposed about a perimeter of the proximal portion of the permeable shell. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the permeable shell forms a shape in the expanded state selected from the group consisting of generally spherical, generally ovoid, and generally globular. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the permeable shell is adapted to reside within the aneurysm. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the device is adapted to span the neck of the aneurysm. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of filaments includes small filaments and large filaments. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the small filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.015 mm to about 0.05 mm. 8. The device of claim 6, wherein the large filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.04 mm to about 0.1 mm. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the distal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. 11. A method of treating a cerebral aneurysm within a cerebral vasculature of a patient, comprising the steps of:
advancing an implant in a microcatheter to a region of interest in the cerebral vasculature, wherein the implant comprises:
a permeable shell including a radially constrained elongated state configured for delivery within a catheter lumen, an expanded state with a longitudinally shortened configuration relative to the radially constrained state, and a plurality of elongate filaments that are woven together to form a mesh, the expanded state having a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein each of the plurality of filaments has a proximal end and a distal end, and wherein the proximal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a proximal hub and the distal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a distal hub, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprises a swellable polymer;
deploying the implant within the cerebral aneurysm, wherein the permeable shell expands to the expanded state in the interior cavity of the aneurysm; and withdrawing the microcatheter from the region of interest after deploying the implant. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the permeable shell forms a shape in the expanded state selected from the group consisting of generally spherical, generally ovoid, and generally globular. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the permeable shell is adapted to reside within the aneurysm. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the device is adapted to span the neck of the aneurysm. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprising the swellable polymer is configured to span a neck of the aneurysm. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprising the swellable polymer is configured to form a seal between the permeable shell and a surface of the cerebral vasculature. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of filaments includes small filaments and large filaments. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the small filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.015 mm to about 0.05 mm. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the large filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.04 mm to about 0.1 mm. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the distal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. 21. The method of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. | Methods and devices for treatment of a patient's cerebral aneurysm is described. The device includes a permeable shell having a radially constrained elongated state configured for delivery within a catheter lumen, an expanded state with a longitudinally shortened configuration relative to the radially constrained state, and a plurality of elongate filaments that are woven together to form a mesh. The proximal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a proximal hub and the distal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a distal hub. The proximal portion of the permeable shell includes a swellable polymer. The method includes advancing the implant in a microcatheter to a region of interest in the cerebral vasculature, deploying the implant within the cerebral aneurysm, and withdrawing the microcatheter from the region of interest after deploying the implant.1. A device for treatment of a patient's cerebral aneurysm, comprising a permeable shell including a radially constrained elongated state configured for delivery within a catheter lumen, an expanded state with a longitudinally shortened configuration relative to the radially constrained state, and a plurality of elongate filaments that are woven together to form a mesh, the expanded state having a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein each of the plurality of filaments has a proximal end and a distal end, and wherein the proximal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a proximal hub and the distal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a distal hub, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprises a swellable polymer. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the swellable polymer is disposed about a perimeter of the proximal portion of the permeable shell. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the permeable shell forms a shape in the expanded state selected from the group consisting of generally spherical, generally ovoid, and generally globular. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the permeable shell is adapted to reside within the aneurysm. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the device is adapted to span the neck of the aneurysm. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of filaments includes small filaments and large filaments. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the small filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.015 mm to about 0.05 mm. 8. The device of claim 6, wherein the large filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.04 mm to about 0.1 mm. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the distal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. 11. A method of treating a cerebral aneurysm within a cerebral vasculature of a patient, comprising the steps of:
advancing an implant in a microcatheter to a region of interest in the cerebral vasculature, wherein the implant comprises:
a permeable shell including a radially constrained elongated state configured for delivery within a catheter lumen, an expanded state with a longitudinally shortened configuration relative to the radially constrained state, and a plurality of elongate filaments that are woven together to form a mesh, the expanded state having a proximal portion and a distal portion, wherein each of the plurality of filaments has a proximal end and a distal end, and wherein the proximal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a proximal hub and the distal ends of each of the plurality of filaments are gathered by a distal hub, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprises a swellable polymer;
deploying the implant within the cerebral aneurysm, wherein the permeable shell expands to the expanded state in the interior cavity of the aneurysm; and withdrawing the microcatheter from the region of interest after deploying the implant. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the permeable shell forms a shape in the expanded state selected from the group consisting of generally spherical, generally ovoid, and generally globular. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the permeable shell is adapted to reside within the aneurysm. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the device is adapted to span the neck of the aneurysm. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprising the swellable polymer is configured to span a neck of the aneurysm. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell comprising the swellable polymer is configured to form a seal between the permeable shell and a surface of the cerebral vasculature. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of filaments includes small filaments and large filaments. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the small filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.015 mm to about 0.05 mm. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the large filaments have a transverse diameter of about 0.04 mm to about 0.1 mm. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the distal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. 21. The method of claim 11, wherein the proximal portion of the permeable shell in the expanded state has an everted configuration. | 2,800 |
344,030 | 16,803,480 | 2,895 | Certain embodiments involve a method for generating a search result. The method includes processing devices performing operations including receiving a query having a text input by a joint embedding model trained to generate an image result. Training the joint embedding model includes accessing a set of images and textual information. Training further includes encoding the images into image feature vectors based on spatial features. Further, training includes encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information. Training further includes generating a set of image-text pairs based on matches between image feature vectors and textual feature vectors. Further, training includes generating a visual grounding dataset based on spatial information. Training further includes generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings by grounding the image-text pairs with the visual grounding dataset. Additionally, operations include generating an image result for display by the joint embedding model based on the text input. | 1. A method in which one or more processing devices perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a joint embedding model trained to generate an image result, a search query comprising a text input, wherein the joint embedding model is trained by:
accessing training data comprising a set of images and textual information;
encoding the set of images into image feature vectors based on spatial features associated with each image;
encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information associated with the textual information;
generating a set of image-text pairs for the set of images based on matches between the image feature vectors and the textual feature vectors;
generating a visual grounding dataset for the set of images based on spatial information associated with the textual information; and
generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images by grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset; and
generating, for display, an image result using the joint embedding model by retrieving the image result based on the text input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the joint embedding model comprises a machine learning model and is configured to access shared data via a shared network, the one or more processing devices comprises a convolutional neural network, and the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating a joint embedding space by projecting 1×1 convolutional layers associated the image feature vectors onto 7×7 feature maps associated with the textual feature vectors; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images substantially simultaneously in the joint embedding space. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating activation maps for the set of images by performing an average pooling for the 1×1 convolutional layers projected onto the 7×7 feature maps; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the activation maps. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset comprises:
determining, for the set of images, a grounding loss associated with one or more regions of each respective image, the grounding loss based at least in part on the spatial information. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset further comprises:
determining, for the set of images, relevance rankings based at least in part on the number of matches associated with each image; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the relevance rankings and the grounding loss. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the search query further comprises an image input, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving, by the joint embedding model, the image result based at least in part on one or more features associated with the image input. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the image result is a first image result, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving a second image result based on the text input; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining relevance rankings for each of the first image result and the second image result; determining a highest relevance ranking from among the relevance rankings; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result in an arrangement that is based at least in part on the highest relevance ranking. 9. A system comprising:
one or more processing devices; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium communicatively coupled to the one or more processing devices and storing instructions, wherein the one or more processing devices are configured to execute the instructions and thereby perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a joint embedding model trained to generate an image result, a search query comprising a text input, wherein the joint embedding model is trained by:
accessing training data comprising a set of images and textual information;
encoding the set of images into image feature vectors based on spatial features associated with each image;
encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information associated with the textual information;
generating a set of image-text pairs for the set of images based on matches between the image feature vectors and the textual feature vectors;
generating a visual grounding dataset for the set of images based on spatial information associated with the textual information; and
generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images by grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset; and
generating, for display, an image result using the joint embedding model by retrieving the image result based on the text input. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the joint embedding model comprises a machine learning model and is configured to access shared data via a shared network, the one or more processing devices comprises a convolutional neural network, and the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating a joint embedding space by projecting 1×1 convolutional layers associated the image feature vectors onto 7×7 feature maps associated with the textual feature vectors; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images substantially simultaneously in the joint embedding space. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating activation maps for the set of images by performing an average pooling for the 1×1 convolutional layers projected onto the 7×7 feature maps; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the activation maps. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset comprises:
determining, for the set of images, a grounding loss associated with one or more regions of each respective image, the grounding loss based at least in part on the spatial information. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset further comprises:
determining, for the set of images, relevance rankings based at least in part on the number of matches associated with each image; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the relevance rankings and the grounding loss. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the search query further comprises an image input, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving, by the joint embedding model, the image result based at least in part on one or more features associated with the image input. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the image result is a first image result, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving a second image result based on the text input; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining relevance rankings for each of the first image result and the second image result; determining a highest relevance ranking from among the relevance rankings; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result in an arrangement that is based at least in part on the highest relevance ranking. 17. A method of training a joint embedding model in which one or more processing devices perform operations comprising:
accessing training data comprising a set of images and textual information; encoding the set of images into image feature vectors based on spatial features associated with each image; encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information associated with the textual information; generating a set of image-text pairs for the set of images based on matches between the image feature vectors and the textual feature vectors; generating a visual grounding dataset for the set of images based on spatial information associated with the textual information; and generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images by grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the joint embedding model comprises a machine learning model and is configured to access shared data via a shared network, the one or more processing devices comprises a convolutional neural network, and the operations further comprise:
generating a joint embedding space by projecting 1×1 convolutional layers associated the image feature vectors onto 7×7 feature maps associated with the textual feature vectors; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images substantially simultaneously in the joint embedding space. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating activation maps for the set of images by performing an average pooling for the 1×1 convolutional layers projected onto the 7×7 feature maps; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the activation maps. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset comprises:
determining, for the set of images, a grounding loss associated with one or more regions of each respective image, the grounding loss based at least in part on the spatial information; determining, for the set of images, relevance rankings based at least in part on the number of matches associated with each image; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the relevance rankings and the grounding loss. | Certain embodiments involve a method for generating a search result. The method includes processing devices performing operations including receiving a query having a text input by a joint embedding model trained to generate an image result. Training the joint embedding model includes accessing a set of images and textual information. Training further includes encoding the images into image feature vectors based on spatial features. Further, training includes encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information. Training further includes generating a set of image-text pairs based on matches between image feature vectors and textual feature vectors. Further, training includes generating a visual grounding dataset based on spatial information. Training further includes generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings by grounding the image-text pairs with the visual grounding dataset. Additionally, operations include generating an image result for display by the joint embedding model based on the text input.1. A method in which one or more processing devices perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a joint embedding model trained to generate an image result, a search query comprising a text input, wherein the joint embedding model is trained by:
accessing training data comprising a set of images and textual information;
encoding the set of images into image feature vectors based on spatial features associated with each image;
encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information associated with the textual information;
generating a set of image-text pairs for the set of images based on matches between the image feature vectors and the textual feature vectors;
generating a visual grounding dataset for the set of images based on spatial information associated with the textual information; and
generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images by grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset; and
generating, for display, an image result using the joint embedding model by retrieving the image result based on the text input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the joint embedding model comprises a machine learning model and is configured to access shared data via a shared network, the one or more processing devices comprises a convolutional neural network, and the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating a joint embedding space by projecting 1×1 convolutional layers associated the image feature vectors onto 7×7 feature maps associated with the textual feature vectors; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images substantially simultaneously in the joint embedding space. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating activation maps for the set of images by performing an average pooling for the 1×1 convolutional layers projected onto the 7×7 feature maps; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the activation maps. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset comprises:
determining, for the set of images, a grounding loss associated with one or more regions of each respective image, the grounding loss based at least in part on the spatial information. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset further comprises:
determining, for the set of images, relevance rankings based at least in part on the number of matches associated with each image; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the relevance rankings and the grounding loss. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the search query further comprises an image input, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving, by the joint embedding model, the image result based at least in part on one or more features associated with the image input. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the image result is a first image result, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving a second image result based on the text input; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining relevance rankings for each of the first image result and the second image result; determining a highest relevance ranking from among the relevance rankings; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result in an arrangement that is based at least in part on the highest relevance ranking. 9. A system comprising:
one or more processing devices; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium communicatively coupled to the one or more processing devices and storing instructions, wherein the one or more processing devices are configured to execute the instructions and thereby perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a joint embedding model trained to generate an image result, a search query comprising a text input, wherein the joint embedding model is trained by:
accessing training data comprising a set of images and textual information;
encoding the set of images into image feature vectors based on spatial features associated with each image;
encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information associated with the textual information;
generating a set of image-text pairs for the set of images based on matches between the image feature vectors and the textual feature vectors;
generating a visual grounding dataset for the set of images based on spatial information associated with the textual information; and
generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images by grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset; and
generating, for display, an image result using the joint embedding model by retrieving the image result based on the text input. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the joint embedding model comprises a machine learning model and is configured to access shared data via a shared network, the one or more processing devices comprises a convolutional neural network, and the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating a joint embedding space by projecting 1×1 convolutional layers associated the image feature vectors onto 7×7 feature maps associated with the textual feature vectors; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images substantially simultaneously in the joint embedding space. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the joint embedding model is further trained by:
generating activation maps for the set of images by performing an average pooling for the 1×1 convolutional layers projected onto the 7×7 feature maps; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the activation maps. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset comprises:
determining, for the set of images, a grounding loss associated with one or more regions of each respective image, the grounding loss based at least in part on the spatial information. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset further comprises:
determining, for the set of images, relevance rankings based at least in part on the number of matches associated with each image; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the relevance rankings and the grounding loss. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the search query further comprises an image input, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving, by the joint embedding model, the image result based at least in part on one or more features associated with the image input. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the image result is a first image result, and the operations further comprise:
retrieving a second image result based on the text input; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining relevance rankings for each of the first image result and the second image result; determining a highest relevance ranking from among the relevance rankings; and generating, for display, the first image result and the second image result in an arrangement that is based at least in part on the highest relevance ranking. 17. A method of training a joint embedding model in which one or more processing devices perform operations comprising:
accessing training data comprising a set of images and textual information; encoding the set of images into image feature vectors based on spatial features associated with each image; encoding the textual information into textual feature vectors based on semantic information associated with the textual information; generating a set of image-text pairs for the set of images based on matches between the image feature vectors and the textual feature vectors; generating a visual grounding dataset for the set of images based on spatial information associated with the textual information; and generating a set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images by grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the joint embedding model comprises a machine learning model and is configured to access shared data via a shared network, the one or more processing devices comprises a convolutional neural network, and the operations further comprise:
generating a joint embedding space by projecting 1×1 convolutional layers associated the image feature vectors onto 7×7 feature maps associated with the textual feature vectors; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images substantially simultaneously in the joint embedding space. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating activation maps for the set of images by performing an average pooling for the 1×1 convolutional layers projected onto the 7×7 feature maps; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the activation maps. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein grounding the set of image-text pairs using the visual grounding dataset comprises:
determining, for the set of images, a grounding loss associated with one or more regions of each respective image, the grounding loss based at least in part on the spatial information; determining, for the set of images, relevance rankings based at least in part on the number of matches associated with each image; and generating the set of visual-semantic joint embeddings for the set of images based at least in part on the relevance rankings and the grounding loss. | 2,800 |
344,031 | 16,803,478 | 2,895 | A child restraint includes an infant carrier having a carry handle. The infant carrier may be mounted on a stroller frame or on a vehicle seat or may be carried by a caregiver after separation from the stroller frame or vehicle seat. | 1. A child restraint comprising
a carrier-mount base including a foundation adapted to set on a passenger seat in a vehicle and a carrier retainer coupled to the foundation, an infant excursion seat includes a seating bucket formed to include an interior child-carrying space, a bucket carrier coupled to the seating bucket and adapted to be gripped by a caregiver to facilitate transport of the seating bucket relative to the carrier-mount base, and a seat retainer coupled to the seating bucket and arranged to face away from the interior child-carrying space, and an excursion-seat carrier including a bucket-support shell formed to include a bucket-receiving space sized to receive a portion of the seating bucket when the seating bucket is mounted on the bucket-support shell, a shell carry handle coupled to the bucket-support shell, a hook support coupled to the bucket-support shell, a releasable seat-anchor system associated with the infant excursion seat and coupled to the bucket-support shell, and a releasable base-anchor system associated with the carrier-mount base and coupled to the bucket-support shell, wherein the releasable base-anchor system includes an outboard first retainer hook mounted on the hook support for rotation about the hook support, an outer first hook-rotator spring arranged to act between the bucket-support shell and the outboard first retainer hook to urge the outboard first retainer hook to rotate in a first direction about the hook support to extend downwardly to engage the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to block separation of the excursion-seat carrier from the carrier-mount base when the excursion-seat carrier is mounted on a topside of the carrier-mount base, and an outboard-hook release arranged to rotate the outboard first retainer hook about the hook support in an opposite second direction to overcome a biasing torque applied by the outer first hook-rotator spring to disengage the outboard first retainer hook from the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to free the excursion-seat carrier to be separated from the carrier-mount base by a caregiver, and wherein the releasable seat-anchor system includes an inboard first retainer hook mounted on the hook support for rotation about the hook support, an inner hook-rotator spring arranged to act between the bucket-support shell and the inboard first retainer hook to urge the inboard first retainer hook to rotate in the first direction about the hook support to extend upwardly to engage the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat to block separation of the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier when the infant excursion seat is mounted on a topside of the excursion-seat carrier, and an inboard-hook release arranged to rotate the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in the opposite second direction to overcome a biasing torque applied by the inner hook-rotator spring to disengage the inboard first retainer hook from the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat to free to infant excursion seat to be separated from the excursion-seat carrier by a caregiver. 2. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the hook support is an elongated rod that is arranged to extend laterally along a central rod axis between opposing first and second side walls of the bucket-support shell, the outboard first retainer hook is arranged to lie in spaced-apart relation to the second side wall to locate the inboard first retainer hook therebetween, and each of the outboard and inboard first retainer hooks is mounted in rotative bearing engagement with the elongated rod to rotate independently of one another about the central rod axis. 3. The child restraint of claim 2, wherein the releasable base-anchor system further includes an outboard second retainer hook mounted in rotative bearing engagement with the elongated rod to rotate about the central rod axis and arranged to lie in spaced-apart relation to the outboard first retainer hook to locate the inboard first retainer hook therebetween, and the outboard-hook release is arranged to be mounted relative to the bucket-support shell to rotate the outboard first and second retainer hooks in unison in the opposite second direction about the central rod axis without rotating the inboard first retainer hook about the central rod axis in the opposite second direction. 4. The child restraint of claim 3, wherein the releasable seat-anchor system further includes an inboard second retainer hook mounted in rotative bearing engagement with the elongated rod to rotate about the central rod axis independent rotation of the outboard first and second retainer hooks about the central rod axis and arranged to lie between the inboard first retainer hook and the outboard second retainer hook and the inboard-hook release is arranged to be moved relative to the bucket-support shell to rotate the inboard first and second retainer hooks in the second opposite direction in unison about the central rod axis without rotating the outboard first and second retainer hooks about the central rod axis in the opposite second direction. 5. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the outboard-hook release includes a carrier-release rotary handle mounted on the bucket-support shell for rotation about a handle-rotation axis and an outboard hook rotator coupled to the outboard first retainer hook and to the carrier-release rotary handle and arranged to rotate the outboard first retainer hook about the hook support in the opposite second direction without rotating the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in response to rotation of the carrier-release rotary handle about the handle-rotation axis. 6. The child restraint of claim 5, wherein the inboard-hook release includes a first seat-release pull handle mounted on the bucket-support shell for sliding movement relative to the bucket-support shell and an inboard hook rotator coupled to the inboard first retainer hook and to the first seat-release pull handle and arranged to rotate the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in the opposite second direction without rotating the outboard first retainer hook about the hook support in response to sliding movement of the first seat-release pull handle relative to the bucket-support shell. 7. The child restraint of claim 6, wherein the inboard hook release further includes a second seat-release pull handle mounted on the bucket-support shell to lie in spaced-apart relation to the first seat-release pull handle for sliding movement relative to the bucket-support shell and the inboard hook rotator is also coupled to the second seat-release pull handle and arranged to rotate the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in response to sliding movement of the second seat-release pull handle relative to the bucket-support shell. 8. The child restraint of claim 7, wherein the bucket-support shell has a rearward end and an opposite forward end, the carrier-release rotary handle is coupled to the rearward end, the first seat-release pull handle is coupled to a first side of the opposite forward end, and the second seat-release pull handle is coupled to an opposite second side of the opposite forward end. 9. The child restraint of claim 8, wherein the seating bucket has a head end configured to receive a head of an infant seated in the interior child-carrying space and an opposite foot end configured to receive feet of an infant seated in the interior child-carrying space, the head end of the seating bucket is aligned to lie in close proximity to the rearward end of the bucket-support shell and the foot end of the seating bucket is aligned to lie in close proximity to the forward end of the bucket-support shell when the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat is retained in a stationary position on the bucket-support shell of the excursion seat carrier. 10. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the inboard hook release further includes a second seat-release pull handle mounted on the bucket-support shell for sliding movement relative to the bucket-support shell, the first seat-release handle is located on a first side of the bucket-support shell, the second seat-release handle is located on an opposite second side of the bucket-support shell to lie in laterally spaced-apart relation to the first seat-release handle, and the inboard hook rotator is coupled to each of the first and second seat-release handles and is configured to rotate the inboard first retainer hook in the opposite second direction about the hook support in response to sliding movement of one of the first and second seat-release pull handles relative to the budget-support shell of the seat-excursion carrier. 11. The child restraint of claim 10, wherein the outboard hook release includes the first spring coupled to bucket-support shell and the outboard first retainer hook and arranged yieldably to move the outboard first retainer hook relative to the bucket-support shell from a temporary raised position to a relatively lower normal lowered position, and a second spring coupled to the bucker-support shell and an outboard second retainer hook and arranged yieldably to move the outboard second retainer hook relative to the bucket-support shell from a temporary raised position to a relatively lower normal lowered position, and the outboard hook rotator is configured to provide means for rotating the outboard first and second retainer hooks to disengage the carrier retainer included in the excursion seat shell in response to movement of the carrier-release rotary handle to free the excursion-seat carrier to be separated from the carrier-mount base by a caregiver. 12. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the releasable seat-anchor system further includes an outboard second retainer hook mounted on the hook support for rotation about the hook support, the inner hook-rotator spring includes a hook bridge arranged to interconnect the inboard first and second retainer hooks to cause the inboard first and second retainer hooks to rotate in unison about the hook support and a torque generator arranged to interconnect the hook bridge to the bucket-support shell of the excursion-seat carrier and configured to yieldably rotate the hook bridge about the hook support to cause the inboard first and second retainer hooks to engage the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat to block separation of the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier when the infant excursion seat is mounted on the topside of the excursion-seat carrier. 13. The child restraint of claim 12, wherein the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat includes a plate mounted on an underside of the seating bucket, a first tab cantilevered to the plate to extend in a downward direction away from the interior child-carrying space formed in the seating bucket and formed to include a first hook-receiving aperture that is arranged to receive a distal portion of the inboard first retainer hook therein when the inboard first retainer hook is engaged to the seat retainer, and a second tab cantilevered to the plate to extend in a downward direction away from the interior child-carrying space formed in the seating bucket and to lie in laterally spaced-apart relation to the first tab and formed to include a second hook-receiving aperture that is arranged to receive a distal portion of the inboard second hook retainer therein when the inboard second retainer hook is engaged to the seat retainer. 14. The child restraint of claim 13, wherein the infant excursion seat further includes a child-restraint harness coupled to the seating bucket to restrain a child seated in the interior child-carrying space formed in the seating bucket, the plate is formed to include a central strap-receiving slot located between the first and second tabs, and the child-restraint harness includes a strap that is arranged to extend along the underside of the seating bucket and pass through the central strap-receiving slot formed in the plate. 15. The child restraint of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary seat-anchor system associated with the infant excursion seat and coupled to the excursion-seat carrier, and
wherein the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat includes a head end, an opposite foot end, and first and second side walls arranged to lie in laterally spaced-apart relation to one another to interconnect the head and foot ends to form a boundary of the interior child-receiving space formed in the seating bucket, the seat retainer is coupled to the opposite foot end of the seating bucket, and wherein the auxiliary seat-anchor system includes a spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch mounted on a rearward end of the bucket-support shell for movement relative to the bucket-support shell between a normal extended position arranged to extend toward an opposite forward end of the bucket-support shell and a temporary retracted position to lie relatively further away from the forward end of the seating bucket, the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch includes a downwardly facing barrier surface and an inclined ramp that cooperates with the downwardly facing barrier surface to form a non-obtuse included angle there between, and the auxiliary seat-anchor system further includes a first lug coupled to the head end of the seating bucket cooperatively to form a first-latch receiver above the first lug, the first lug includes an upwardly facing motion-blocking interior surface facing into the first latch receiver and a downwardly facing latch-moving exterior surface facing away from the first latch receiver, and wherein the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch is arranged to move from the normal extended position to the temporary retracted position during sliding movement of the downwardly facing latch-moving exterior surface of the first lug on the inclined ramp of the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch as the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat initially is lowered into the bucket-support shell of the excursion-seat carrier, and wherein the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch is arranged to move from the temporary retracted position to the normal extended position to extend into the first latch receiver during subsequent disengagement of the downwardly facing latch-moving exterior surface of the first lug and the inclined ramp in response to further lowering of the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat into the bucket-support shell of the excursion-seat carrier so that the upwardly facing motion-blocking interior surface of the first lug is arranged to lie in confronting relation to the downwardly facing barrier surface of the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch to block separation of the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier. 16. A child restraint comprising
a carrier-mount base including a foundation adapted to set on a passenger seat in a vehicle and a carrier retainer coupled to the foundation, an infant transporter including an excursion-seat carrier and an infant excursion seat configured to hold an infant, the excursion-seat carrier including a bucket-support shell and a shell carry handle mounted for pivotable movement on the bucket-support shell, the infant excursion seat including a seating bucket and a carry handle coupled to the seating bucket, base anchor means for releasably anchoring the excursion-seat carrier of the infant transporter to the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to allow a caregiver to unanchor the excursion-seat carrier from the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to separate the infant transporter while the foundation of the carrier-mount base remains on the passenger seat of the vehicle so that an infant restrained in the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat may be transported while the infant excursion seat remains anchored to the excursion-seat carrier using the shell carry handle of the excursion-seat carrier, and seat anchor means for releasably anchoring the infant excursion seat to the excursion-seat carrier to allow a caregiver to separate the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier while the excursion seat carrier remains anchored to the carrier-mount base so that an infant restrained in the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat may be transported using the carry handle coupled to the seating bucket. | A child restraint includes an infant carrier having a carry handle. The infant carrier may be mounted on a stroller frame or on a vehicle seat or may be carried by a caregiver after separation from the stroller frame or vehicle seat.1. A child restraint comprising
a carrier-mount base including a foundation adapted to set on a passenger seat in a vehicle and a carrier retainer coupled to the foundation, an infant excursion seat includes a seating bucket formed to include an interior child-carrying space, a bucket carrier coupled to the seating bucket and adapted to be gripped by a caregiver to facilitate transport of the seating bucket relative to the carrier-mount base, and a seat retainer coupled to the seating bucket and arranged to face away from the interior child-carrying space, and an excursion-seat carrier including a bucket-support shell formed to include a bucket-receiving space sized to receive a portion of the seating bucket when the seating bucket is mounted on the bucket-support shell, a shell carry handle coupled to the bucket-support shell, a hook support coupled to the bucket-support shell, a releasable seat-anchor system associated with the infant excursion seat and coupled to the bucket-support shell, and a releasable base-anchor system associated with the carrier-mount base and coupled to the bucket-support shell, wherein the releasable base-anchor system includes an outboard first retainer hook mounted on the hook support for rotation about the hook support, an outer first hook-rotator spring arranged to act between the bucket-support shell and the outboard first retainer hook to urge the outboard first retainer hook to rotate in a first direction about the hook support to extend downwardly to engage the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to block separation of the excursion-seat carrier from the carrier-mount base when the excursion-seat carrier is mounted on a topside of the carrier-mount base, and an outboard-hook release arranged to rotate the outboard first retainer hook about the hook support in an opposite second direction to overcome a biasing torque applied by the outer first hook-rotator spring to disengage the outboard first retainer hook from the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to free the excursion-seat carrier to be separated from the carrier-mount base by a caregiver, and wherein the releasable seat-anchor system includes an inboard first retainer hook mounted on the hook support for rotation about the hook support, an inner hook-rotator spring arranged to act between the bucket-support shell and the inboard first retainer hook to urge the inboard first retainer hook to rotate in the first direction about the hook support to extend upwardly to engage the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat to block separation of the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier when the infant excursion seat is mounted on a topside of the excursion-seat carrier, and an inboard-hook release arranged to rotate the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in the opposite second direction to overcome a biasing torque applied by the inner hook-rotator spring to disengage the inboard first retainer hook from the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat to free to infant excursion seat to be separated from the excursion-seat carrier by a caregiver. 2. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the hook support is an elongated rod that is arranged to extend laterally along a central rod axis between opposing first and second side walls of the bucket-support shell, the outboard first retainer hook is arranged to lie in spaced-apart relation to the second side wall to locate the inboard first retainer hook therebetween, and each of the outboard and inboard first retainer hooks is mounted in rotative bearing engagement with the elongated rod to rotate independently of one another about the central rod axis. 3. The child restraint of claim 2, wherein the releasable base-anchor system further includes an outboard second retainer hook mounted in rotative bearing engagement with the elongated rod to rotate about the central rod axis and arranged to lie in spaced-apart relation to the outboard first retainer hook to locate the inboard first retainer hook therebetween, and the outboard-hook release is arranged to be mounted relative to the bucket-support shell to rotate the outboard first and second retainer hooks in unison in the opposite second direction about the central rod axis without rotating the inboard first retainer hook about the central rod axis in the opposite second direction. 4. The child restraint of claim 3, wherein the releasable seat-anchor system further includes an inboard second retainer hook mounted in rotative bearing engagement with the elongated rod to rotate about the central rod axis independent rotation of the outboard first and second retainer hooks about the central rod axis and arranged to lie between the inboard first retainer hook and the outboard second retainer hook and the inboard-hook release is arranged to be moved relative to the bucket-support shell to rotate the inboard first and second retainer hooks in the second opposite direction in unison about the central rod axis without rotating the outboard first and second retainer hooks about the central rod axis in the opposite second direction. 5. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the outboard-hook release includes a carrier-release rotary handle mounted on the bucket-support shell for rotation about a handle-rotation axis and an outboard hook rotator coupled to the outboard first retainer hook and to the carrier-release rotary handle and arranged to rotate the outboard first retainer hook about the hook support in the opposite second direction without rotating the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in response to rotation of the carrier-release rotary handle about the handle-rotation axis. 6. The child restraint of claim 5, wherein the inboard-hook release includes a first seat-release pull handle mounted on the bucket-support shell for sliding movement relative to the bucket-support shell and an inboard hook rotator coupled to the inboard first retainer hook and to the first seat-release pull handle and arranged to rotate the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in the opposite second direction without rotating the outboard first retainer hook about the hook support in response to sliding movement of the first seat-release pull handle relative to the bucket-support shell. 7. The child restraint of claim 6, wherein the inboard hook release further includes a second seat-release pull handle mounted on the bucket-support shell to lie in spaced-apart relation to the first seat-release pull handle for sliding movement relative to the bucket-support shell and the inboard hook rotator is also coupled to the second seat-release pull handle and arranged to rotate the inboard first retainer hook about the hook support in response to sliding movement of the second seat-release pull handle relative to the bucket-support shell. 8. The child restraint of claim 7, wherein the bucket-support shell has a rearward end and an opposite forward end, the carrier-release rotary handle is coupled to the rearward end, the first seat-release pull handle is coupled to a first side of the opposite forward end, and the second seat-release pull handle is coupled to an opposite second side of the opposite forward end. 9. The child restraint of claim 8, wherein the seating bucket has a head end configured to receive a head of an infant seated in the interior child-carrying space and an opposite foot end configured to receive feet of an infant seated in the interior child-carrying space, the head end of the seating bucket is aligned to lie in close proximity to the rearward end of the bucket-support shell and the foot end of the seating bucket is aligned to lie in close proximity to the forward end of the bucket-support shell when the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat is retained in a stationary position on the bucket-support shell of the excursion seat carrier. 10. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the inboard hook release further includes a second seat-release pull handle mounted on the bucket-support shell for sliding movement relative to the bucket-support shell, the first seat-release handle is located on a first side of the bucket-support shell, the second seat-release handle is located on an opposite second side of the bucket-support shell to lie in laterally spaced-apart relation to the first seat-release handle, and the inboard hook rotator is coupled to each of the first and second seat-release handles and is configured to rotate the inboard first retainer hook in the opposite second direction about the hook support in response to sliding movement of one of the first and second seat-release pull handles relative to the budget-support shell of the seat-excursion carrier. 11. The child restraint of claim 10, wherein the outboard hook release includes the first spring coupled to bucket-support shell and the outboard first retainer hook and arranged yieldably to move the outboard first retainer hook relative to the bucket-support shell from a temporary raised position to a relatively lower normal lowered position, and a second spring coupled to the bucker-support shell and an outboard second retainer hook and arranged yieldably to move the outboard second retainer hook relative to the bucket-support shell from a temporary raised position to a relatively lower normal lowered position, and the outboard hook rotator is configured to provide means for rotating the outboard first and second retainer hooks to disengage the carrier retainer included in the excursion seat shell in response to movement of the carrier-release rotary handle to free the excursion-seat carrier to be separated from the carrier-mount base by a caregiver. 12. The child restraint of claim 1, wherein the releasable seat-anchor system further includes an outboard second retainer hook mounted on the hook support for rotation about the hook support, the inner hook-rotator spring includes a hook bridge arranged to interconnect the inboard first and second retainer hooks to cause the inboard first and second retainer hooks to rotate in unison about the hook support and a torque generator arranged to interconnect the hook bridge to the bucket-support shell of the excursion-seat carrier and configured to yieldably rotate the hook bridge about the hook support to cause the inboard first and second retainer hooks to engage the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat to block separation of the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier when the infant excursion seat is mounted on the topside of the excursion-seat carrier. 13. The child restraint of claim 12, wherein the seat retainer of the infant excursion seat includes a plate mounted on an underside of the seating bucket, a first tab cantilevered to the plate to extend in a downward direction away from the interior child-carrying space formed in the seating bucket and formed to include a first hook-receiving aperture that is arranged to receive a distal portion of the inboard first retainer hook therein when the inboard first retainer hook is engaged to the seat retainer, and a second tab cantilevered to the plate to extend in a downward direction away from the interior child-carrying space formed in the seating bucket and to lie in laterally spaced-apart relation to the first tab and formed to include a second hook-receiving aperture that is arranged to receive a distal portion of the inboard second hook retainer therein when the inboard second retainer hook is engaged to the seat retainer. 14. The child restraint of claim 13, wherein the infant excursion seat further includes a child-restraint harness coupled to the seating bucket to restrain a child seated in the interior child-carrying space formed in the seating bucket, the plate is formed to include a central strap-receiving slot located between the first and second tabs, and the child-restraint harness includes a strap that is arranged to extend along the underside of the seating bucket and pass through the central strap-receiving slot formed in the plate. 15. The child restraint of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary seat-anchor system associated with the infant excursion seat and coupled to the excursion-seat carrier, and
wherein the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat includes a head end, an opposite foot end, and first and second side walls arranged to lie in laterally spaced-apart relation to one another to interconnect the head and foot ends to form a boundary of the interior child-receiving space formed in the seating bucket, the seat retainer is coupled to the opposite foot end of the seating bucket, and wherein the auxiliary seat-anchor system includes a spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch mounted on a rearward end of the bucket-support shell for movement relative to the bucket-support shell between a normal extended position arranged to extend toward an opposite forward end of the bucket-support shell and a temporary retracted position to lie relatively further away from the forward end of the seating bucket, the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch includes a downwardly facing barrier surface and an inclined ramp that cooperates with the downwardly facing barrier surface to form a non-obtuse included angle there between, and the auxiliary seat-anchor system further includes a first lug coupled to the head end of the seating bucket cooperatively to form a first-latch receiver above the first lug, the first lug includes an upwardly facing motion-blocking interior surface facing into the first latch receiver and a downwardly facing latch-moving exterior surface facing away from the first latch receiver, and wherein the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch is arranged to move from the normal extended position to the temporary retracted position during sliding movement of the downwardly facing latch-moving exterior surface of the first lug on the inclined ramp of the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch as the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat initially is lowered into the bucket-support shell of the excursion-seat carrier, and wherein the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch is arranged to move from the temporary retracted position to the normal extended position to extend into the first latch receiver during subsequent disengagement of the downwardly facing latch-moving exterior surface of the first lug and the inclined ramp in response to further lowering of the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat into the bucket-support shell of the excursion-seat carrier so that the upwardly facing motion-blocking interior surface of the first lug is arranged to lie in confronting relation to the downwardly facing barrier surface of the spring-loaded first seat-retainer latch to block separation of the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier. 16. A child restraint comprising
a carrier-mount base including a foundation adapted to set on a passenger seat in a vehicle and a carrier retainer coupled to the foundation, an infant transporter including an excursion-seat carrier and an infant excursion seat configured to hold an infant, the excursion-seat carrier including a bucket-support shell and a shell carry handle mounted for pivotable movement on the bucket-support shell, the infant excursion seat including a seating bucket and a carry handle coupled to the seating bucket, base anchor means for releasably anchoring the excursion-seat carrier of the infant transporter to the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to allow a caregiver to unanchor the excursion-seat carrier from the carrier retainer of the carrier-mount base to separate the infant transporter while the foundation of the carrier-mount base remains on the passenger seat of the vehicle so that an infant restrained in the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat may be transported while the infant excursion seat remains anchored to the excursion-seat carrier using the shell carry handle of the excursion-seat carrier, and seat anchor means for releasably anchoring the infant excursion seat to the excursion-seat carrier to allow a caregiver to separate the infant excursion seat from the excursion-seat carrier while the excursion seat carrier remains anchored to the carrier-mount base so that an infant restrained in the seating bucket of the infant excursion seat may be transported using the carry handle coupled to the seating bucket. | 2,800 |
344,032 | 16,803,492 | 2,895 | A compressor having a front housing in which a crank chamber is formed. A cylinder block is coupled to an opposite surface facing the front housing and includes reciprocating pistons in a plurality of cylinder bores. A rear housing is coupled to an opposite surface facing the cylinder block, the rear housing includes a suction chamber and a discharge chamber formed therein. A rotating shaft 400 is inserted via centers of the front housing and the cylinder block, the shaft inserted into a swash plate. A diameter maintenance part is configured to constantly maintain a diameter based on an axis direction of the piston 220. A sensor part is configured to sense a speed and a stroke of the piston in accordance with a change in position of a position determination part positioned on one side of the diameter maintenance part. | 1. A compressor comprising:
a front housing in which a crank chamber is formed; a cylinder block which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the front housing and in which a piston is deployed to perform a reciprocating motion inside a plurality of cylinder bores along an inner circumferential direction; a rear housing which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the cylinder block and in which a suction chamber and a discharge chamber are formed; a rotating shaft which is inserted via centers of the front housing and the cylinder block and into which a swash plate is inserted; a diameter maintenance part configured to constantly maintain a diameter based on an axis direction of the piston; and a sensor part configured to sense a speed and a stroke of the piston in accordance with a change in position of a position determination part positioned on one side of the diameter maintenance part. 2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein a distance B of the diameter maintenance part from a conversion point P between the position determination part and the diameter maintenance part to an end of the piston is shorter than an axis-direction length A of the diameter maintenance part. 3. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the sensor part receives a switching signal in accordance with a gap distance in a vertical direction when a sensor value being sensed in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston moves from the position determination part to the diameter maintenance part or moves from the diameter maintenance part to the position determination part. 4. The compressor of claim 1, wherein when the piston performs the reciprocating motion once, a virtual extension line DL, obtained by extending an axis-direction center of the sensor part, and the conversion point P meet each other twice. 5. The compressor of claim 1, wherein if a sensing target of the sensor part is the position determination part, data input through the sensor part is input as a first magnetic field signal t1 over time t, and
if the sensing target of the sensor part is the diameter maintenance part, the data input through the sensor part is input as a second magnetic field signal t2 over the time t,
wherein the second magnetic field signal t2 is detected to be at a higher level than the first magnetic field signal t1. 6. The compressor of claim 1, wherein a coating layer is formed on the diameter maintenance part so that a surface thereof is uniformly maintained. 7. The compressor of claim 1, further comprising an operation part configured to receive data sensed by the sensor part and to operate in real time the speed and the stroke of the piston. 8. A compressor comprising:
a front housing in which a crank chamber is formed; a cylinder block which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the front housing and in which a piston is deployed to perform a reciprocating motion inside a plurality of cylinder bores along an inner circumferential direction; a rear housing which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the cylinder block and in which a suction chamber and a discharge chamber are formed; a rotating shaft which is inserted via centers of the front housing and the cylinder block and into which a swash plate is inserted; and a sensor part configured to sense a speed and a stroke of the piston in accordance with a change in position of the piston, wherein the sensor part includes: a body part configured to form an external appearance and formed of an insulator; and a support part provided with a fixing part inserted in an axis direction of the body part to fix the body part to prevent the secession of the body part and fix the body part, and configured to couple the body part to the cylinder block. 9. The compressor of claim 8, wherein the sensor part is positioned on an upper side in a gravity direction based on a center of gravity of the compressor. 10. The compressor of claim 8, wherein a step height is formed on the body part to project outward, and a groove inwardly recessed to correspond to the step height is formed in the support part. 11. The compressor of claim 10, wherein the fixing part is formed to be bent inwardly to surround the step height. 12. The compressor of claim 8, wherein a retainer for preventing the secession of the body part is installed on the body part using a tension in a circumferential direction of the body part. 13. The compressor of claim 8, wherein a sealing member is installed between the body part and the cylinder block. | A compressor having a front housing in which a crank chamber is formed. A cylinder block is coupled to an opposite surface facing the front housing and includes reciprocating pistons in a plurality of cylinder bores. A rear housing is coupled to an opposite surface facing the cylinder block, the rear housing includes a suction chamber and a discharge chamber formed therein. A rotating shaft 400 is inserted via centers of the front housing and the cylinder block, the shaft inserted into a swash plate. A diameter maintenance part is configured to constantly maintain a diameter based on an axis direction of the piston 220. A sensor part is configured to sense a speed and a stroke of the piston in accordance with a change in position of a position determination part positioned on one side of the diameter maintenance part.1. A compressor comprising:
a front housing in which a crank chamber is formed; a cylinder block which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the front housing and in which a piston is deployed to perform a reciprocating motion inside a plurality of cylinder bores along an inner circumferential direction; a rear housing which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the cylinder block and in which a suction chamber and a discharge chamber are formed; a rotating shaft which is inserted via centers of the front housing and the cylinder block and into which a swash plate is inserted; a diameter maintenance part configured to constantly maintain a diameter based on an axis direction of the piston; and a sensor part configured to sense a speed and a stroke of the piston in accordance with a change in position of a position determination part positioned on one side of the diameter maintenance part. 2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein a distance B of the diameter maintenance part from a conversion point P between the position determination part and the diameter maintenance part to an end of the piston is shorter than an axis-direction length A of the diameter maintenance part. 3. The compressor of claim 1, wherein the sensor part receives a switching signal in accordance with a gap distance in a vertical direction when a sensor value being sensed in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston moves from the position determination part to the diameter maintenance part or moves from the diameter maintenance part to the position determination part. 4. The compressor of claim 1, wherein when the piston performs the reciprocating motion once, a virtual extension line DL, obtained by extending an axis-direction center of the sensor part, and the conversion point P meet each other twice. 5. The compressor of claim 1, wherein if a sensing target of the sensor part is the position determination part, data input through the sensor part is input as a first magnetic field signal t1 over time t, and
if the sensing target of the sensor part is the diameter maintenance part, the data input through the sensor part is input as a second magnetic field signal t2 over the time t,
wherein the second magnetic field signal t2 is detected to be at a higher level than the first magnetic field signal t1. 6. The compressor of claim 1, wherein a coating layer is formed on the diameter maintenance part so that a surface thereof is uniformly maintained. 7. The compressor of claim 1, further comprising an operation part configured to receive data sensed by the sensor part and to operate in real time the speed and the stroke of the piston. 8. A compressor comprising:
a front housing in which a crank chamber is formed; a cylinder block which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the front housing and in which a piston is deployed to perform a reciprocating motion inside a plurality of cylinder bores along an inner circumferential direction; a rear housing which is coupled to an opposite surface facing the cylinder block and in which a suction chamber and a discharge chamber are formed; a rotating shaft which is inserted via centers of the front housing and the cylinder block and into which a swash plate is inserted; and a sensor part configured to sense a speed and a stroke of the piston in accordance with a change in position of the piston, wherein the sensor part includes: a body part configured to form an external appearance and formed of an insulator; and a support part provided with a fixing part inserted in an axis direction of the body part to fix the body part to prevent the secession of the body part and fix the body part, and configured to couple the body part to the cylinder block. 9. The compressor of claim 8, wherein the sensor part is positioned on an upper side in a gravity direction based on a center of gravity of the compressor. 10. The compressor of claim 8, wherein a step height is formed on the body part to project outward, and a groove inwardly recessed to correspond to the step height is formed in the support part. 11. The compressor of claim 10, wherein the fixing part is formed to be bent inwardly to surround the step height. 12. The compressor of claim 8, wherein a retainer for preventing the secession of the body part is installed on the body part using a tension in a circumferential direction of the body part. 13. The compressor of claim 8, wherein a sealing member is installed between the body part and the cylinder block. | 2,800 |
344,033 | 16,803,495 | 2,643 | A network device, in a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, receives a first location of a user equipment device (UE) and a second location of a Multi-Access Edge Computing data center (MEC) operated by a second network operator. The network devices performs at least one of: 1) determining a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the MEC data center within the first wireless network; or 2) deploying a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a particular hosting center that is close to the MEC. The network device sets up a connection between at least one of the determined closest gateway or UPF and the MEC, or the deployed VNF and the MEC, to enable the UE to access the MEC via the first wireless network. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a network device in a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, a first location of a user equipment device (UE) connected to a first radio access network (RAN) of the first network operator, and a second location of a first Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) data center operated by a second network operator of a second wireless network associated with a second RAN; performing at least one of:
determining, by the network device, a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the first MEC data center within the first wireless network; or
deploying a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a hosting center that is close to the first MEC data center; and
setting up, by the network device in the first wireless network, a connection between at least one of:
the determined closest gateway or UPF and the first MEC data center, or
the deployed VNF and the first MEC data center, to enable the UE to access an application service hosted by the first MEC data center via a network session with the first wireless network using the connection to the first RAN. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein deploying the VNF in the hosting center comprises:
identifying a hosting center that is close to the first location or the second location; and deploying the VNF at the identified hosting center. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center comprises:
comparing locations of multiple gateways or UPFs within the first wireless network to at least one of the first location or the second location; and selecting one of the multiple gateways or UPFs as the closest gateway or UPF based on the comparison. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
setting up at least one of a network slice or an Access Point Name (APN) between the first wireless network and the first MEC data center. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the UE accesses the first MEC data center via the first wireless network and the network slice or APN. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center comprises:
determining, based on the first location and the second location, a gateway or UPF that is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center, and wherein deploying the VNF in a hosting center comprises:
deploying the VNF in a hosting center that, based on the first location and the second location, is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device receives the first location of the UE and the second location of the first MEC data center from a second network device with which the UE and the first MEC data center previously registered. 8. A network device, comprising:
at least one communication interface configured to receive, via a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, a first location of a user equipment device (UE) connected to a first radio access network (RAN) of the first network operator, and a second location of a first Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) data center operated by a second network operator of a second wireless network associated with a second RAN; a processor or logic configured to:
perform at least one of:
determine a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the first MEC data center within the first wireless network; or
deploy a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a hosting center that is close to the first MEC data center; and
set up, in the first wireless network, a connection between at least one of:
the determined closest gateway or UPF and the first MEC data center, or
the deployed VNF and the first MEC data center, to enable the UE to access an application service hosted by the first MEC data center via a network session with the first wireless network using the connection to the first RAN. 9. The network device of claim 8, wherein, when deploying the VNF in the hosting center, the processor or logic is further configured to:
identify a hosting center that is close to the first location or the second location; and deploy the VNF at the identified hosting center. 10. The network device of claim 8, wherein, when determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center, the processor or logic is further configured to:
compare locations of multiple gateways or UPFs within the first wireless network to at least one of the first location or the second location; and select one of the multiple gateways or UPFs as the closest gateway or UPF based on the comparison. 11. The network device of claim 8, wherein the processor or logic is further configured to:
set up at least one of a network slice or an Access Point Name (APN) between the first wireless network and the first MEC data center. 12. The network device of claim 11, wherein the UE accesses the first MEC data center via the first wireless network and the network slice or APN. 13. The network device of claim 8, wherein, when determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center, the processor or logic is configured to:
determine, based on the first location and the second location, a gateway or UPF that is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center, and wherein, when deploying the VNF in a hosting center, the processor or logic is configured to:
deploy the VNF in a hosting center that, based on the first location and the second location, is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center. 14. The network device of claim 8, wherein the network device receives the first location of the UE and the second location of the first MEC data center from a second network device with which the UE and the first MEC data center previously registered. 15. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions executable by a network device with one or more processors, wherein execution of the instructions cause the network device to:
receive, at the network device in a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, a first location of a user equipment device (UE) connected to a first radio access network (RAN) of the first network operator, and a second location of a first Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) data center operated by a second network operator of a second wireless network associated with a second RAN; perform at least one of:
determining, by the network device, a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the first MEC data center within the first wireless network; or
deploying a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a hosting center that is close to the first MEC data center; and
set up, by the network device in the first wireless network, a connection between at least one of:
the determined closest gateway or UPF and the first MEC data center, or
the deployed VNF and the first MEC data center, to enable the UE to access an application service hosted by the first MEC data center via a network session with the first wireless network using the connection to the first RAN. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions cause the network device to deploy the VNF in the hosting center further causes the network device to:
identify a hosting center that is close to the first location or the second location; and deploy the VNF at the identified hosting center. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions to cause the network device to determine the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center further causes the device to:
compare locations of multiple gateways or UPFs within the first wireless network to at least one of the first location or the second location; and select one of the multiple gateways or UPFs as the closest gateway or UPF based on the comparison. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further cause the network device to:
set up at least one of a network slice or an Access Point Name (APN) between the first wireless network and the first MEC data center, wherein the UE accesses the first MEC data center via the first wireless network and the network slice or APN. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions to cause the network device to determine the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center further causes the network device to:
determine, based on the first location and the second location, a gateway or UPF that is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center, and wherein execution of the instructions to cause the network device to deploy the VNF in a hosting center further causes the network device to:
deploy the VNF in a hosting center that, based on the first location and the second location, is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the network device receives the first location of the UE and the second location of the first MEC data center from a second network device with which the UE and the first MEC data center previously registered. | A network device, in a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, receives a first location of a user equipment device (UE) and a second location of a Multi-Access Edge Computing data center (MEC) operated by a second network operator. The network devices performs at least one of: 1) determining a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the MEC data center within the first wireless network; or 2) deploying a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a particular hosting center that is close to the MEC. The network device sets up a connection between at least one of the determined closest gateway or UPF and the MEC, or the deployed VNF and the MEC, to enable the UE to access the MEC via the first wireless network.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a network device in a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, a first location of a user equipment device (UE) connected to a first radio access network (RAN) of the first network operator, and a second location of a first Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) data center operated by a second network operator of a second wireless network associated with a second RAN; performing at least one of:
determining, by the network device, a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the first MEC data center within the first wireless network; or
deploying a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a hosting center that is close to the first MEC data center; and
setting up, by the network device in the first wireless network, a connection between at least one of:
the determined closest gateway or UPF and the first MEC data center, or
the deployed VNF and the first MEC data center, to enable the UE to access an application service hosted by the first MEC data center via a network session with the first wireless network using the connection to the first RAN. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein deploying the VNF in the hosting center comprises:
identifying a hosting center that is close to the first location or the second location; and deploying the VNF at the identified hosting center. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center comprises:
comparing locations of multiple gateways or UPFs within the first wireless network to at least one of the first location or the second location; and selecting one of the multiple gateways or UPFs as the closest gateway or UPF based on the comparison. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
setting up at least one of a network slice or an Access Point Name (APN) between the first wireless network and the first MEC data center. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the UE accesses the first MEC data center via the first wireless network and the network slice or APN. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center comprises:
determining, based on the first location and the second location, a gateway or UPF that is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center, and wherein deploying the VNF in a hosting center comprises:
deploying the VNF in a hosting center that, based on the first location and the second location, is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device receives the first location of the UE and the second location of the first MEC data center from a second network device with which the UE and the first MEC data center previously registered. 8. A network device, comprising:
at least one communication interface configured to receive, via a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, a first location of a user equipment device (UE) connected to a first radio access network (RAN) of the first network operator, and a second location of a first Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) data center operated by a second network operator of a second wireless network associated with a second RAN; a processor or logic configured to:
perform at least one of:
determine a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the first MEC data center within the first wireless network; or
deploy a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a hosting center that is close to the first MEC data center; and
set up, in the first wireless network, a connection between at least one of:
the determined closest gateway or UPF and the first MEC data center, or
the deployed VNF and the first MEC data center, to enable the UE to access an application service hosted by the first MEC data center via a network session with the first wireless network using the connection to the first RAN. 9. The network device of claim 8, wherein, when deploying the VNF in the hosting center, the processor or logic is further configured to:
identify a hosting center that is close to the first location or the second location; and deploy the VNF at the identified hosting center. 10. The network device of claim 8, wherein, when determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center, the processor or logic is further configured to:
compare locations of multiple gateways or UPFs within the first wireless network to at least one of the first location or the second location; and select one of the multiple gateways or UPFs as the closest gateway or UPF based on the comparison. 11. The network device of claim 8, wherein the processor or logic is further configured to:
set up at least one of a network slice or an Access Point Name (APN) between the first wireless network and the first MEC data center. 12. The network device of claim 11, wherein the UE accesses the first MEC data center via the first wireless network and the network slice or APN. 13. The network device of claim 8, wherein, when determining the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center, the processor or logic is configured to:
determine, based on the first location and the second location, a gateway or UPF that is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center, and wherein, when deploying the VNF in a hosting center, the processor or logic is configured to:
deploy the VNF in a hosting center that, based on the first location and the second location, is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center. 14. The network device of claim 8, wherein the network device receives the first location of the UE and the second location of the first MEC data center from a second network device with which the UE and the first MEC data center previously registered. 15. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions executable by a network device with one or more processors, wherein execution of the instructions cause the network device to:
receive, at the network device in a first wireless network operated by a first network operator, a first location of a user equipment device (UE) connected to a first radio access network (RAN) of the first network operator, and a second location of a first Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) data center operated by a second network operator of a second wireless network associated with a second RAN; perform at least one of:
determining, by the network device, a closest gateway or user plane function (UPF) to the first MEC data center within the first wireless network; or
deploying a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a hosting center that is close to the first MEC data center; and
set up, by the network device in the first wireless network, a connection between at least one of:
the determined closest gateway or UPF and the first MEC data center, or
the deployed VNF and the first MEC data center, to enable the UE to access an application service hosted by the first MEC data center via a network session with the first wireless network using the connection to the first RAN. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions cause the network device to deploy the VNF in the hosting center further causes the network device to:
identify a hosting center that is close to the first location or the second location; and deploy the VNF at the identified hosting center. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions to cause the network device to determine the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center further causes the device to:
compare locations of multiple gateways or UPFs within the first wireless network to at least one of the first location or the second location; and select one of the multiple gateways or UPFs as the closest gateway or UPF based on the comparison. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further cause the network device to:
set up at least one of a network slice or an Access Point Name (APN) between the first wireless network and the first MEC data center, wherein the UE accesses the first MEC data center via the first wireless network and the network slice or APN. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions to cause the network device to determine the closest gateway or UPF to the first MEC data center further causes the network device to:
determine, based on the first location and the second location, a gateway or UPF that is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center, and wherein execution of the instructions to cause the network device to deploy the VNF in a hosting center further causes the network device to:
deploy the VNF in a hosting center that, based on the first location and the second location, is geographically closest to the first MEC data center, or that has a lowest latency to the first MEC data center. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the network device receives the first location of the UE and the second location of the first MEC data center from a second network device with which the UE and the first MEC data center previously registered. | 2,600 |
344,034 | 16,803,460 | 2,643 | A terminal apparatus performs: receiving a first selection operation of selecting a shot image; acquiring a first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image; acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates; controlling a display to display a selection screen for selecting one template, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount such that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template; receiving a second selection operation of selecting a selection template on the selection screen; creating a composite image by combining the shot image with a frame included in the selection template; and outputting the composite image. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions, when executed by a computer of a terminal apparatus, causing the terminal apparatus to perform:
receiving a first selection operation of selecting a shot image; acquiring a first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image; acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates; controlling a display to display a selection screen for selecting one of the plurality of templates, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount in such a manner that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template; receiving a second selection operation of selecting, as a selection template, a template on the selection screen; creating a composite image by combining the shot image with a frame included in the selection template; and outputting the composite image. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
in response to receiving the first selection operation of a plurality of shot images, controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a same number of frames as the plurality of shot images, at least one of the frames having the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the object included in the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
acquiring, as the first characteristic amount, a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the shot image and a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the object; calculating a combined first characteristic amount by combining the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the shot image with the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the object by using a particular ratio; and controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the combined first characteristic amount. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
determining an order of display of a plurality of templates such that the plurality of templates are displayed in ascending order of a difference between the first characteristic amount and the second characteristic amount; and controlling the display to display the selection screen of the plurality of templates in accordance with the determined order of display. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
calculating a first difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the shot image; calculating a second difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the object; calculating, for the frame of each of the plurality of templates, a third difference value by combining the first difference value with the second difference value by using a particular ratio; and controlling the display to display the plurality of templates in ascending order of the third difference value. 8. A terminal apparatus comprising:
a display; a controller; and a memory storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causing the terminal apparatus to perform:
receiving a first selection operation of selecting a shot image;
acquiring a first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image;
acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates;
controlling the display to display a selection screen for selecting one of the plurality of templates, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount in such a manner that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template;
receiving a second selection operation of selecting, as a selection template, a template on the selection screen;
creating a composite image by combining the shot image with a frame included in the selection template; and
outputting the composite image. 9. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causes the terminal apparatus to further perform:
in response to receiving the first selection operation of a plurality of shot images, controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a same number of frames as the plurality of shot images, at least one of the frames having the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount. 10. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the object included in the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 11. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 12. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causes the terminal apparatus to further perform:
acquiring, as the first characteristic amount, a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the shot image and a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the object; calculating a combined first characteristic amount by combining the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the shot image with the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the object by using a particular ratio; and controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the combined first characteristic amount. 13. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causes the terminal apparatus to further perform:
determining an order of display of a plurality of templates such that the plurality of templates are displayed in ascending order of a difference between the first characteristic amount and the second characteristic amount; and controlling the display to display the selection screen of the plurality of templates in accordance with the determined order of display. 14. A control apparatus configured to communicate with a terminal apparatus including a display, the control apparatus being configured to perform:
acquiring a first characteristic amount of a shot image for which a selection operation is performed at the terminal apparatus, the first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image; acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates; transmitting, to the terminal apparatus, data of a selection screen for selecting one of the plurality of templates, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount in such a manner that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template; receiving, from the terminal apparatus, information relating to a selection template selected through the selection screen; and transmitting image data of the selection template to the terminal apparatus. 15. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
in a case where a plurality of shot images is selected at the terminal apparatus, creating the selection screen for displaying, as the particular template, a template including a same number of frames as the plurality of shot images, at least one of the frames having the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount. 16. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the object included in the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 17. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 18. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
acquiring, as the first characteristic amount, a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the shot image and a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the object; calculating a combined first characteristic amount by combining the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the shot image with the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the object by using a particular ratio; and creating the selection screen for displaying, as the particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the combined first characteristic amount. 19. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
determining an order of display of a plurality of templates such that the plurality of templates are displayed in ascending order of a difference between the first characteristic amount and the second characteristic amount; and creating the selection screen of the plurality of templates in accordance with the determined order of display. 20. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
calculating a first difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the shot image; calculating a second difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the object; calculating, for the frame of each of the plurality of templates, a third difference value by combining the first difference value with the second difference value by using a particular ratio; and creating the selection screen for displaying the plurality of templates in ascending order of the third difference value. | A terminal apparatus performs: receiving a first selection operation of selecting a shot image; acquiring a first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image; acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates; controlling a display to display a selection screen for selecting one template, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount such that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template; receiving a second selection operation of selecting a selection template on the selection screen; creating a composite image by combining the shot image with a frame included in the selection template; and outputting the composite image.1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions, when executed by a computer of a terminal apparatus, causing the terminal apparatus to perform:
receiving a first selection operation of selecting a shot image; acquiring a first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image; acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates; controlling a display to display a selection screen for selecting one of the plurality of templates, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount in such a manner that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template; receiving a second selection operation of selecting, as a selection template, a template on the selection screen; creating a composite image by combining the shot image with a frame included in the selection template; and outputting the composite image. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
in response to receiving the first selection operation of a plurality of shot images, controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a same number of frames as the plurality of shot images, at least one of the frames having the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the object included in the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
acquiring, as the first characteristic amount, a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the shot image and a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the object; calculating a combined first characteristic amount by combining the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the shot image with the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the object by using a particular ratio; and controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the combined first characteristic amount. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
determining an order of display of a plurality of templates such that the plurality of templates are displayed in ascending order of a difference between the first characteristic amount and the second characteristic amount; and controlling the display to display the selection screen of the plurality of templates in accordance with the determined order of display. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the computer of the terminal apparatus, causes the terminal apparatus to perform:
calculating a first difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the shot image; calculating a second difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the object; calculating, for the frame of each of the plurality of templates, a third difference value by combining the first difference value with the second difference value by using a particular ratio; and controlling the display to display the plurality of templates in ascending order of the third difference value. 8. A terminal apparatus comprising:
a display; a controller; and a memory storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causing the terminal apparatus to perform:
receiving a first selection operation of selecting a shot image;
acquiring a first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image;
acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates;
controlling the display to display a selection screen for selecting one of the plurality of templates, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount in such a manner that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template;
receiving a second selection operation of selecting, as a selection template, a template on the selection screen;
creating a composite image by combining the shot image with a frame included in the selection template; and
outputting the composite image. 9. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causes the terminal apparatus to further perform:
in response to receiving the first selection operation of a plurality of shot images, controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a same number of frames as the plurality of shot images, at least one of the frames having the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount. 10. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the object included in the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 11. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 12. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causes the terminal apparatus to further perform:
acquiring, as the first characteristic amount, a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the shot image and a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the object; calculating a combined first characteristic amount by combining the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the shot image with the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the object by using a particular ratio; and controlling the display to display, as the particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the combined first characteristic amount. 13. The terminal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the controller, causes the terminal apparatus to further perform:
determining an order of display of a plurality of templates such that the plurality of templates are displayed in ascending order of a difference between the first characteristic amount and the second characteristic amount; and controlling the display to display the selection screen of the plurality of templates in accordance with the determined order of display. 14. A control apparatus configured to communicate with a terminal apparatus including a display, the control apparatus being configured to perform:
acquiring a first characteristic amount of a shot image for which a selection operation is performed at the terminal apparatus, the first characteristic amount relating to a shape of at least one of the shot image and an object included in the shot image; acquiring a second characteristic amount relating to a shape of a frame included in each of a plurality of templates; transmitting, to the terminal apparatus, data of a selection screen for selecting one of the plurality of templates, the selection screen showing, as a particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount in such a manner that the particular template is distinguishable from a template other than the particular template; receiving, from the terminal apparatus, information relating to a selection template selected through the selection screen; and transmitting image data of the selection template to the terminal apparatus. 15. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
in a case where a plurality of shot images is selected at the terminal apparatus, creating the selection screen for displaying, as the particular template, a template including a same number of frames as the plurality of shot images, at least one of the frames having the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the first characteristic amount. 16. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the object included in the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 17. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the shot image; and
wherein the second characteristic amount includes information indicative of an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates. 18. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
acquiring, as the first characteristic amount, a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the shot image and a characteristic amount relating to a shape of the object; calculating a combined first characteristic amount by combining the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the shot image with the characteristic amount relating to the shape of the object by using a particular ratio; and creating the selection screen for displaying, as the particular template, a template including a frame of the second characteristic amount indicative of a shape corresponding to the combined first characteristic amount. 19. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
determining an order of display of a plurality of templates such that the plurality of templates are displayed in ascending order of a difference between the first characteristic amount and the second characteristic amount; and creating the selection screen of the plurality of templates in accordance with the determined order of display. 20. The control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control apparatus is configured to further perform:
calculating a first difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the shot image; calculating a second difference value between an aspect ratio of the frame included in each of the plurality of templates and an aspect ratio of the object; calculating, for the frame of each of the plurality of templates, a third difference value by combining the first difference value with the second difference value by using a particular ratio; and creating the selection screen for displaying the plurality of templates in ascending order of the third difference value. | 2,600 |
344,035 | 16,803,503 | 2,643 | Paraffin-embedded tissue, which may be disposed on a solid substrate, is prepared by a dry technique that removes paraffin from tissue without adding any liquid to the tissue, thereby rendering the tissue substantially free of paraffin. The dry technique may entail applying heat energy to the tissue effective to melt the paraffin and thereby render it flowable, and applying an electric field. The electric field is effective to impart electrical charge to the paraffin and to move the paraffin out from the tissue due to electrical charge repulsion or attraction, which may be assisted by moving an electrode utilized to generate the electric field relative to the paraffin. The electric field, or both the electric field and the heat energy, may be applied until the tissue is substantially free of paraffin. | 1.-19. (canceled) 20. A tissue preparation device, comprising:
a heating device configured for applying heat energy to a tissue effective to melt paraffin embedded in the tissue; and an electric field-generating device configured for applying an electrical field effective to ionize paraffin and to move the ionized paraffin out from the tissue. 21. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the electric field-generating device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode. 22. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the electric field-generating device produces a corona discharge in a region surrounding the first electrode. 23. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode has a configuration selected from the group consisting of:
a curved feature configured to generate a region of elevated electric field strength surrounding the first electrode; and an edge or tip configured to generate a region of elevated electric field strength surrounding the first electrode. 24. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode is a planar electrode. 25. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode comprises an array of electrodes. 26. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode is coaxially surrounded by an electrically insulating body. 27. The tissue preparation device of claim 26, wherein the electrically insulating body is configured to be hand-held by a user. 28. The tissue preparation device of claim 26, wherein the electrically insulating body is mounted to a motorized stage or robot. 29. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode is configured for movement relative to the second electrode. 30. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode is a counter-electrode or ground plane. 31. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode has a thin planar geometry 32. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode has an elongated rod-type geometry. 33. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode coaxially surrounds the first electrode, and an electrically insulating body is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. 34. The tissue preparation device of claim 33, wherein the second electrode is coaxially surrounded by an electrically insulating and/or thermally insulating material. 35. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, further comprising a voltage source for supplying a voltage potential to the electric field-generating device. 36. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, further comprising a controller that controls the application of voltage to the electric field-generating device or the level of voltage applied to the electric field-generating device. 37. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the heating device comprises a resistive heating element. 38. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the heating device comprises a radiant heating source. 39. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the electric field-generating device produces a plasma in an ionization region to which the paraffin is exposed. 40. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the first electrode comprises a needle or pin. 41. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first and second electrodes are positioned in a chamber configured to receive a tissue on a supporting substrate. 42. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the paraffin-embedded tissue is mounted or freely resting on a substrate, such as a glass slide, a plate, a frit, a porous medium, a filter or a container. 43. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the substrate has a higher surface energy than the paraffin. 44. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the tissue, substantially free of paraffin, adheres to the substrate. 45. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the container is selected from the group consisting of a column, vial, test tube, vessel, flask and a well of a microtiter plate. 46. The tissue preparation device of claim 39, wherein the plasma is formed from air, oxygen, nitrogen or a noble gas such as argon. 47. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, further comprising a paraffin collection device. 48. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the device may be oriented horizontally, vertically or at any angle relative a horizontal reference plane. 49. A tissue preparation device comprising a heating device and an electric field generating device which produces tissue substantially free of paraffin and which is subsequently stable at room temperature for an extended period of time. 50. The tissue preparation device of claim 49, wherein the tissue is stable at room temperature overnight. | Paraffin-embedded tissue, which may be disposed on a solid substrate, is prepared by a dry technique that removes paraffin from tissue without adding any liquid to the tissue, thereby rendering the tissue substantially free of paraffin. The dry technique may entail applying heat energy to the tissue effective to melt the paraffin and thereby render it flowable, and applying an electric field. The electric field is effective to impart electrical charge to the paraffin and to move the paraffin out from the tissue due to electrical charge repulsion or attraction, which may be assisted by moving an electrode utilized to generate the electric field relative to the paraffin. The electric field, or both the electric field and the heat energy, may be applied until the tissue is substantially free of paraffin.1.-19. (canceled) 20. A tissue preparation device, comprising:
a heating device configured for applying heat energy to a tissue effective to melt paraffin embedded in the tissue; and an electric field-generating device configured for applying an electrical field effective to ionize paraffin and to move the ionized paraffin out from the tissue. 21. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the electric field-generating device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode. 22. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the electric field-generating device produces a corona discharge in a region surrounding the first electrode. 23. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode has a configuration selected from the group consisting of:
a curved feature configured to generate a region of elevated electric field strength surrounding the first electrode; and an edge or tip configured to generate a region of elevated electric field strength surrounding the first electrode. 24. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode is a planar electrode. 25. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode comprises an array of electrodes. 26. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode is coaxially surrounded by an electrically insulating body. 27. The tissue preparation device of claim 26, wherein the electrically insulating body is configured to be hand-held by a user. 28. The tissue preparation device of claim 26, wherein the electrically insulating body is mounted to a motorized stage or robot. 29. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first electrode is configured for movement relative to the second electrode. 30. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode is a counter-electrode or ground plane. 31. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode has a thin planar geometry 32. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode has an elongated rod-type geometry. 33. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the second electrode coaxially surrounds the first electrode, and an electrically insulating body is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. 34. The tissue preparation device of claim 33, wherein the second electrode is coaxially surrounded by an electrically insulating and/or thermally insulating material. 35. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, further comprising a voltage source for supplying a voltage potential to the electric field-generating device. 36. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, further comprising a controller that controls the application of voltage to the electric field-generating device or the level of voltage applied to the electric field-generating device. 37. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the heating device comprises a resistive heating element. 38. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the heating device comprises a radiant heating source. 39. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the electric field-generating device produces a plasma in an ionization region to which the paraffin is exposed. 40. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the first electrode comprises a needle or pin. 41. The tissue preparation device of claim 21, wherein the first and second electrodes are positioned in a chamber configured to receive a tissue on a supporting substrate. 42. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, wherein the paraffin-embedded tissue is mounted or freely resting on a substrate, such as a glass slide, a plate, a frit, a porous medium, a filter or a container. 43. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the substrate has a higher surface energy than the paraffin. 44. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the tissue, substantially free of paraffin, adheres to the substrate. 45. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the container is selected from the group consisting of a column, vial, test tube, vessel, flask and a well of a microtiter plate. 46. The tissue preparation device of claim 39, wherein the plasma is formed from air, oxygen, nitrogen or a noble gas such as argon. 47. The tissue preparation device of claim 20, further comprising a paraffin collection device. 48. The tissue preparation device of claim 42, wherein the device may be oriented horizontally, vertically or at any angle relative a horizontal reference plane. 49. A tissue preparation device comprising a heating device and an electric field generating device which produces tissue substantially free of paraffin and which is subsequently stable at room temperature for an extended period of time. 50. The tissue preparation device of claim 49, wherein the tissue is stable at room temperature overnight. | 2,600 |
344,036 | 16,803,491 | 2,643 | A wireless power reception device and a wireless communication method thereby are provided. The wireless communication method by the wireless power reception device may comprise the steps of: receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmission device; measuring the strength of the wireless power signal; modulating the amplitude of the wireless power signal according to the measured strength of the wireless power signal; and performing communication with the wireless power transmission device by using the signal having the amplitude modulated. | 1. A method by a wireless power receiving apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmitting apparatus; measuring the strength of the wireless power signal; determining a strength of the wireless power signal; setting a configurable gate bias of a first modulator to a first setting based on the strength of the wireless power signal; and communicating with the wireless power transmitting apparatus using the first modulator to modulate an amplitude of the wireless power signal. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting the first modulator from among a plurality of modulators included in the wireless power receiving apparatus based on the strength of the wireless power signal. 3. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point; and selecting the first modulator based on a determination that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point, wherein the first modulator is different from a second modulator usable when the strength of the wireless power signal is below the control point. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modulator includes at least one transistor and further includes a resistor that replaces a capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one transistor is a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modulator is coupled to an alternating current (AC) terminal of the wireless power receiving apparatus and is connected in parallel to a controller of the wireless power receiving apparatus. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modulator is coupled to a direct current (DC) terminal of the wireless power receiving apparatus. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the configurable gate bias is selected from a group consisting of 3.3 volts, 3 volts, 2.5 volts, and 2 volts, the configurable gate bias selected in relation to the strength of the wireless power signal. 9. A wireless power receiving apparatus comprising:
at least one secondary core configured to receive a wireless power signal transmitted from a wireless power transmitting apparatus; a detection circuit configured to measure the strength of the wireless power signal; a first modulator configured to modulate an amplitude of the wireless power signal; and a controller configured to set a configurable gate bias of the first modulator based on the strength of the wireless power signal and communicate with the wireless power transmitting apparatus by using the first modulator. 10. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to select the first modulator from among a plurality of modulators included in the wireless power receiving apparatus based on the strength of the wireless power signal. 11. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point; and select the first modulator based on a determination that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point, wherein the first modulator is different from a second modulator usable when the strength of the wireless power signal is below the control point. 12. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first modulator includes at least one transistor and further includes a resistor that replaces a capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. 13. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one transistor is a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET). 17. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first modulator is coupled to an AC terminal or DC terminal of the wireless power receiving apparatus. 18. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the configurable gate bias is selected from a group consisting of 3.3 volts, 3 volts, 2.5 volts, and 2 volts, the configurable gate bias selected in relation to the strength of the wireless power signal. | A wireless power reception device and a wireless communication method thereby are provided. The wireless communication method by the wireless power reception device may comprise the steps of: receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmission device; measuring the strength of the wireless power signal; modulating the amplitude of the wireless power signal according to the measured strength of the wireless power signal; and performing communication with the wireless power transmission device by using the signal having the amplitude modulated.1. A method by a wireless power receiving apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a wireless power signal from a wireless power transmitting apparatus; measuring the strength of the wireless power signal; determining a strength of the wireless power signal; setting a configurable gate bias of a first modulator to a first setting based on the strength of the wireless power signal; and communicating with the wireless power transmitting apparatus using the first modulator to modulate an amplitude of the wireless power signal. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting the first modulator from among a plurality of modulators included in the wireless power receiving apparatus based on the strength of the wireless power signal. 3. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point; and selecting the first modulator based on a determination that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point, wherein the first modulator is different from a second modulator usable when the strength of the wireless power signal is below the control point. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modulator includes at least one transistor and further includes a resistor that replaces a capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one transistor is a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modulator is coupled to an alternating current (AC) terminal of the wireless power receiving apparatus and is connected in parallel to a controller of the wireless power receiving apparatus. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modulator is coupled to a direct current (DC) terminal of the wireless power receiving apparatus. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the configurable gate bias is selected from a group consisting of 3.3 volts, 3 volts, 2.5 volts, and 2 volts, the configurable gate bias selected in relation to the strength of the wireless power signal. 9. A wireless power receiving apparatus comprising:
at least one secondary core configured to receive a wireless power signal transmitted from a wireless power transmitting apparatus; a detection circuit configured to measure the strength of the wireless power signal; a first modulator configured to modulate an amplitude of the wireless power signal; and a controller configured to set a configurable gate bias of the first modulator based on the strength of the wireless power signal and communicate with the wireless power transmitting apparatus by using the first modulator. 10. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to select the first modulator from among a plurality of modulators included in the wireless power receiving apparatus based on the strength of the wireless power signal. 11. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point; and select the first modulator based on a determination that the strength of the wireless power signal is at or above a control point, wherein the first modulator is different from a second modulator usable when the strength of the wireless power signal is below the control point. 12. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first modulator includes at least one transistor and further includes a resistor that replaces a capacitor that would otherwise be included in a traditional modulator design. 13. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one transistor is a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET). 17. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first modulator is coupled to an AC terminal or DC terminal of the wireless power receiving apparatus. 18. The wireless power receiving apparatus of claim 9, wherein the configurable gate bias is selected from a group consisting of 3.3 volts, 3 volts, 2.5 volts, and 2 volts, the configurable gate bias selected in relation to the strength of the wireless power signal. | 2,600 |
344,037 | 16,803,493 | 1,729 | A pasting carrier for a lead-acid battery. The pasting carrier includes a nonwoven fiber mat having a thickness between 5 and 50 mils, the nonwoven fiber mat being composed of a plurality of entangled glass microfibers. | 1. A battery, comprising:
a first electrode, comprising: a first highly conductive grid; a first pasting carrier comprising a nonwoven fiber mat having a thickness between 5 and 50 mils, the nonwoven fiber mat comprising a plurality of entangled glass microfibers; and a first conductive material coupled to the first pasting carrier and to the first highly conductive grid; wherein the wettability of the first pasting carrier enables the first pasting carrier to support the first conductive material by absorbing a portion of the first conductive material while preventing the first conductive material from passing through the first pasting carrier. 2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a positive electrode and the first conductive material comprises lead oxide paste. 3. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a negative electrode and the first conductive material comprises lead oxide paste. 4. The battery of claim 1, comprising a second electrode, the second electrode comprising a second highly conductive grid, and a second pasting carrier having a thickness between 15 and 30 mils and an air permeability between 0.31 and 7.5 centimeters per second, the nonwoven fiber mat comprising a plurality of entangled glass microfibers, a second conductive material coupled to the second pasting carrier and to the second highly conductive grid, wherein the wettability of the second pasting carrier enables the second pasting carrier to absorb a portion of the second conductive material while preventing the second conductive material from passing through the second pasting carrier. 5. The battery of claim 1, wherein the plurality of entangled glass microfibers comprise between 30 and 60 weight percentage of smaller sized glass microfibers having average fiber diameter of between 250 and 450 nanometers. 6. The battery of claim 2, wherein the plurality of entangled glass microfibers comprise between 0 and 40 weight percentage of larger sized glass microfibers having an average fiber diameter of between 0.65 and 1 microns. 7. The battery of claim 6, wherein the plurality of entangled glass microfibers comprise between 25 and 45 weight percentage of a binder that binds the smaller sized glass microfibers and the larger sized glass microfibers together, the smaller sized glass microfibers and the larger sized glass microfibers being substantially homogenously or uniformly distributed and blended throughout the nonwoven fiber mat. 8. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first pasting carrier includes between 0 and 30% weight percentage of a polymer component. 9. A method of manufacturing a lead-acid pasting carrier, the method comprising:
dispersing glass microfibers in an aqueous solution to form an aqueous slurry with the glass microfibers; distributing the aqueous slurry onto a screen and removing a liquid from the aqueous slurry to form a nonwoven fiber mat comprising entangled glass microfibers; applying a binder to the entangled glass microfibers to bond the glass microfibers together, wherein the binder may be applied to the glass microfibers by mixing in the aqueous slurry or applied to the glass microfibers after removing the liquid from the aqueous slurry; and drying the entangled glass microfibers to form the nonwoven fiber mat having a thickness between 5 and 50 mils; wherein the wettability of the lead acid pasting carrier enables the pasting carrier to support a conductive material by absorbing a portion of the conductive material while preventing the conductive material from passing through the lead-acid pasting carrier. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising dispersing a polymer component within the aqueous slurry of the glass microfibers so that the polymer component is homogenously or uniformly distributed throughout the aqueous slurry. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the liquid is removed at a sufficient rate in order to ensure uniform or homogenous dispersion of the glass microfiber and polymer components. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein dispersing the glass microfibers in the aqueous solution comprises dispersing between 30 and 60 weight percentage of smaller sized glass microfibers in the aqueous solution, the smaller sized glass microfibers having an average fiber diameter between 250 and 450 nanometers. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein dispersing the glass microfibers in the aqueous solution further comprises dispersing between 0 and 40 weight percentage of larger sized glass microfibers within the aqueous solution, the larger sized glass microfibers having an average fiber diameter between 0.65 and 1 microns, the smaller sized glass microfibers and the larger sized glass microfibers being homogenously or uniformly distributed within the aqueous slurry. | A pasting carrier for a lead-acid battery. The pasting carrier includes a nonwoven fiber mat having a thickness between 5 and 50 mils, the nonwoven fiber mat being composed of a plurality of entangled glass microfibers.1. A battery, comprising:
a first electrode, comprising: a first highly conductive grid; a first pasting carrier comprising a nonwoven fiber mat having a thickness between 5 and 50 mils, the nonwoven fiber mat comprising a plurality of entangled glass microfibers; and a first conductive material coupled to the first pasting carrier and to the first highly conductive grid; wherein the wettability of the first pasting carrier enables the first pasting carrier to support the first conductive material by absorbing a portion of the first conductive material while preventing the first conductive material from passing through the first pasting carrier. 2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a positive electrode and the first conductive material comprises lead oxide paste. 3. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a negative electrode and the first conductive material comprises lead oxide paste. 4. The battery of claim 1, comprising a second electrode, the second electrode comprising a second highly conductive grid, and a second pasting carrier having a thickness between 15 and 30 mils and an air permeability between 0.31 and 7.5 centimeters per second, the nonwoven fiber mat comprising a plurality of entangled glass microfibers, a second conductive material coupled to the second pasting carrier and to the second highly conductive grid, wherein the wettability of the second pasting carrier enables the second pasting carrier to absorb a portion of the second conductive material while preventing the second conductive material from passing through the second pasting carrier. 5. The battery of claim 1, wherein the plurality of entangled glass microfibers comprise between 30 and 60 weight percentage of smaller sized glass microfibers having average fiber diameter of between 250 and 450 nanometers. 6. The battery of claim 2, wherein the plurality of entangled glass microfibers comprise between 0 and 40 weight percentage of larger sized glass microfibers having an average fiber diameter of between 0.65 and 1 microns. 7. The battery of claim 6, wherein the plurality of entangled glass microfibers comprise between 25 and 45 weight percentage of a binder that binds the smaller sized glass microfibers and the larger sized glass microfibers together, the smaller sized glass microfibers and the larger sized glass microfibers being substantially homogenously or uniformly distributed and blended throughout the nonwoven fiber mat. 8. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first pasting carrier includes between 0 and 30% weight percentage of a polymer component. 9. A method of manufacturing a lead-acid pasting carrier, the method comprising:
dispersing glass microfibers in an aqueous solution to form an aqueous slurry with the glass microfibers; distributing the aqueous slurry onto a screen and removing a liquid from the aqueous slurry to form a nonwoven fiber mat comprising entangled glass microfibers; applying a binder to the entangled glass microfibers to bond the glass microfibers together, wherein the binder may be applied to the glass microfibers by mixing in the aqueous slurry or applied to the glass microfibers after removing the liquid from the aqueous slurry; and drying the entangled glass microfibers to form the nonwoven fiber mat having a thickness between 5 and 50 mils; wherein the wettability of the lead acid pasting carrier enables the pasting carrier to support a conductive material by absorbing a portion of the conductive material while preventing the conductive material from passing through the lead-acid pasting carrier. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising dispersing a polymer component within the aqueous slurry of the glass microfibers so that the polymer component is homogenously or uniformly distributed throughout the aqueous slurry. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the liquid is removed at a sufficient rate in order to ensure uniform or homogenous dispersion of the glass microfiber and polymer components. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein dispersing the glass microfibers in the aqueous solution comprises dispersing between 30 and 60 weight percentage of smaller sized glass microfibers in the aqueous solution, the smaller sized glass microfibers having an average fiber diameter between 250 and 450 nanometers. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein dispersing the glass microfibers in the aqueous solution further comprises dispersing between 0 and 40 weight percentage of larger sized glass microfibers within the aqueous solution, the larger sized glass microfibers having an average fiber diameter between 0.65 and 1 microns, the smaller sized glass microfibers and the larger sized glass microfibers being homogenously or uniformly distributed within the aqueous slurry. | 1,700 |
344,038 | 16,803,501 | 3,773 | An assembly may include a retractor pivotally coupled to a guide rod. The retractor may include a generally arcuate projection having a convex retractor surface, a concave cutting shield surface, and a retractor coupling feature. The guide rod may include an elongate member and a rod coupling feature that may be configured to engage the retractor coupling feature to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor. The assembly may be placed on a lateral side of a medial collateral ligament of a knee joint to retract the medial collateral ligament away from a tibial plateau of the knee joint and protect the medial collateral ligament during a tibial plateau resection procedure. | 1. An assembly comprising:
a retractor comprising:
a retractor handle extending along a first longitudinal axis; and
a retractor member comprising:
a generally arcuate projection comprising:
a proximal end coupled to the retractor handle;
a distal end transversely projecting away from the first longitudinal axis;
a superior surface;
an inferior surface;
a retractor surface extending intermediate the superior and inferior surfaces, the retractor surface comprising a convex curvature; and
a cutting shield surface located opposite the retractor surface and extending intermediate the superior and inferior surfaces, the cutting shield surface comprising a concave curvature; and
a guide rod comprising:
an elongate member having a rod proximal end and a rod distal end, the elongate member extending along a second longitudinal axis; and
a rod coupling feature coupled to the rod distal end,
the rod coupling feature configured to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the retractor member further comprises a guide projection coupled to the cutting shield surface and projecting toward the first longitudinal axis. 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the guide projection further comprises:
an attachment aperture formed through the guide projection; and a chamfered surface that at least partially surrounds the attachment aperture, wherein the rod coupling feature is shaped to be received within the attachment aperture formed in the guide projection in order to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the rod coupling feature comprises a hook member, the hook member comprising:
a proximal hook surface; and a distal hook surface, wherein:
at least a portion of the proximal hook surface extends toward the rod proximal end at a first angle, the proximal hook surface configured to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor, and
at least a portion of the distal hook surface extends toward the rod proximal end at a second angle. 5. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the distal hook surface is configured to engage the chamfered surface to facilitate decoupling of the guide rod from the retractor when a distally directed force of sufficient magnitude is applied to the guide rod. 6. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the proximal hook surface extends about a proximal end of the hook member from a first side of the hook member to a second side of the hook member. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the first side of the hook member and the second side of the hook member are angled together towards a superior side of the hook member. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the superior side of the hook member comprises a hook member tip projecting toward the rod proximal end above at least a portion of the proximal hook surface. 9. The assembly of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the proximal hook surface comprises a cam surface. 10. The assembly of claim 4, wherein:
a first portion the proximal hook surface is concave; and a second portion the proximal hook surface is convex. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the retractor surface and the cutting shield surface each decrease in height moving from the proximal end of the arcuate projection to the distal end of the arcuate projection. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the retractor further comprises at least one of:
a pointed tip located at the distal end of the arcuate projection; a lower concave curvature formed in the inferior surface of the arcuate projection and located proximal the pointed tip; a lower convex curvature formed in the inferior surface of the arcuate projection and located proximal the lower concave curvature; and a notch located intermediate the retractor handle and the retractor member. 13. A method for retracting a medial collateral ligament with an assembly comprising a retractor including a retractor coupling feature and a guide rod including a rod coupling feature configured to engage the retractor coupling feature and pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor, the method comprising:
pivotally coupling the guide rod to the retractor by engaging the rod coupling feature with the retractor coupling feature; inserting the assembly into an incision at a surgical site proximal a knee joint; and maneuvering the assembly relative to the knee joint and placing the assembly on a lateral side of a medial collateral ligament of the knee joint. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
decoupling the guide rod from the retractor by applying a distally directed force to the guide rod; and removing the guide rod from the knee joint. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
retracting the medial collateral ligament away from a tibial plateau of the knee joint with the retractor. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
resecting at least a portion of the tibial plateau with a bone saw while retracting the medial collateral ligament away from the tibial plateau to prevent damaging the medial collateral ligament with the bone saw. 17. A method for retracting a medial collateral ligament of a knee joint with a retractor comprising a generally arcuate projection having a convex retractor surface and a concave cutting shield surface, the method comprising:
inserting the retractor into an incision at a surgical site proximal the knee joint; and maneuvering the retractor relative to the knee joint to locate the retractor on a lateral side of the medial collateral ligament. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
retracting the medial collateral ligament away from a tibial plateau of the knee joint with the convex retractor surface. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
resecting at least a portion of the tibial plateau with a bone saw while retracting the medial collateral ligament away from the tibial plateau in order to prevent damaging the medial collateral ligament with the bone saw. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
resecting at least a portion of a tibial plateau of the knee joint with a bone saw while the concave cutting shield surface prevents the bone saw from damaging the medial collateral ligament. | An assembly may include a retractor pivotally coupled to a guide rod. The retractor may include a generally arcuate projection having a convex retractor surface, a concave cutting shield surface, and a retractor coupling feature. The guide rod may include an elongate member and a rod coupling feature that may be configured to engage the retractor coupling feature to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor. The assembly may be placed on a lateral side of a medial collateral ligament of a knee joint to retract the medial collateral ligament away from a tibial plateau of the knee joint and protect the medial collateral ligament during a tibial plateau resection procedure.1. An assembly comprising:
a retractor comprising:
a retractor handle extending along a first longitudinal axis; and
a retractor member comprising:
a generally arcuate projection comprising:
a proximal end coupled to the retractor handle;
a distal end transversely projecting away from the first longitudinal axis;
a superior surface;
an inferior surface;
a retractor surface extending intermediate the superior and inferior surfaces, the retractor surface comprising a convex curvature; and
a cutting shield surface located opposite the retractor surface and extending intermediate the superior and inferior surfaces, the cutting shield surface comprising a concave curvature; and
a guide rod comprising:
an elongate member having a rod proximal end and a rod distal end, the elongate member extending along a second longitudinal axis; and
a rod coupling feature coupled to the rod distal end,
the rod coupling feature configured to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the retractor member further comprises a guide projection coupled to the cutting shield surface and projecting toward the first longitudinal axis. 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the guide projection further comprises:
an attachment aperture formed through the guide projection; and a chamfered surface that at least partially surrounds the attachment aperture, wherein the rod coupling feature is shaped to be received within the attachment aperture formed in the guide projection in order to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the rod coupling feature comprises a hook member, the hook member comprising:
a proximal hook surface; and a distal hook surface, wherein:
at least a portion of the proximal hook surface extends toward the rod proximal end at a first angle, the proximal hook surface configured to pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor, and
at least a portion of the distal hook surface extends toward the rod proximal end at a second angle. 5. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the distal hook surface is configured to engage the chamfered surface to facilitate decoupling of the guide rod from the retractor when a distally directed force of sufficient magnitude is applied to the guide rod. 6. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the proximal hook surface extends about a proximal end of the hook member from a first side of the hook member to a second side of the hook member. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the first side of the hook member and the second side of the hook member are angled together towards a superior side of the hook member. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the superior side of the hook member comprises a hook member tip projecting toward the rod proximal end above at least a portion of the proximal hook surface. 9. The assembly of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the proximal hook surface comprises a cam surface. 10. The assembly of claim 4, wherein:
a first portion the proximal hook surface is concave; and a second portion the proximal hook surface is convex. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the retractor surface and the cutting shield surface each decrease in height moving from the proximal end of the arcuate projection to the distal end of the arcuate projection. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the retractor further comprises at least one of:
a pointed tip located at the distal end of the arcuate projection; a lower concave curvature formed in the inferior surface of the arcuate projection and located proximal the pointed tip; a lower convex curvature formed in the inferior surface of the arcuate projection and located proximal the lower concave curvature; and a notch located intermediate the retractor handle and the retractor member. 13. A method for retracting a medial collateral ligament with an assembly comprising a retractor including a retractor coupling feature and a guide rod including a rod coupling feature configured to engage the retractor coupling feature and pivotably couple the guide rod to the retractor, the method comprising:
pivotally coupling the guide rod to the retractor by engaging the rod coupling feature with the retractor coupling feature; inserting the assembly into an incision at a surgical site proximal a knee joint; and maneuvering the assembly relative to the knee joint and placing the assembly on a lateral side of a medial collateral ligament of the knee joint. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
decoupling the guide rod from the retractor by applying a distally directed force to the guide rod; and removing the guide rod from the knee joint. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
retracting the medial collateral ligament away from a tibial plateau of the knee joint with the retractor. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
resecting at least a portion of the tibial plateau with a bone saw while retracting the medial collateral ligament away from the tibial plateau to prevent damaging the medial collateral ligament with the bone saw. 17. A method for retracting a medial collateral ligament of a knee joint with a retractor comprising a generally arcuate projection having a convex retractor surface and a concave cutting shield surface, the method comprising:
inserting the retractor into an incision at a surgical site proximal the knee joint; and maneuvering the retractor relative to the knee joint to locate the retractor on a lateral side of the medial collateral ligament. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
retracting the medial collateral ligament away from a tibial plateau of the knee joint with the convex retractor surface. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
resecting at least a portion of the tibial plateau with a bone saw while retracting the medial collateral ligament away from the tibial plateau in order to prevent damaging the medial collateral ligament with the bone saw. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
resecting at least a portion of a tibial plateau of the knee joint with a bone saw while the concave cutting shield surface prevents the bone saw from damaging the medial collateral ligament. | 3,700 |
344,039 | 16,803,483 | 3,773 | According to an embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a substrate, a semiconductor device, a non-conductive portion, first and second metal films, and a rechargeable battery. The semiconductor device is mounted on a first surface of the substrate and includes a wireless circuit. The non-conductive portion is formed on the first surface to seal the semiconductor device. The first metal film is provided along a surface of the non-conductive portion and at least one edge surface of the substrate to contact at the edge surface with a first-wire disposed on the substrate. The second metal film is provided along the surface of the non-conductive portion and the edge surface and separately from the first metal film to contact at the edge surface with a second-wire disposed on the substrate. The rechargeable battery includes first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first-wire and to the second-wire, respectively. | 1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a substrate; a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of the substrate and including a wireless circuit; a non-conductive portion formed on the first surface of the substrate to seal the semiconductor device; a first metal film provided along from a surface of the non-conductive portion to at least one edge surface of the substrate to make contact at the edge surface with a first wire disposed on the substrate; a second metal film provided along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate and separately from the first metal film to make contact at the edge surface with a second wire disposed on the substrate; and a rechargeable battery including a first electrode electrically connected to the first wire, and a second electrode electrically connected to the second wire. 2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on a second surface of the substrate. 3. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a battery substrate placed opposite to a second surface of the substrate, wherein
the rechargeable battery is mounted on the battery substrate. 4. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on the first surface of the substrate, and is sealed as with the semiconductor device by the non-conductive portion. 5. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode of the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the first wire via a third wire and a power circuit disposed on the substrate. 6. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second metal film is provided so as to partly overlap with the semiconductor device as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the substrate. 7. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the surface of the non-conductive portion includes an upper surface parallel with the first surface of the substrate, and a side surface intersecting with the upper surface, and the first metal film is provided along from the side surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate. 8. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal film and the second metal film are formed by cutting an integral metal film formed along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate to form a slit-shaped gap, wherein the integral metal film is separated into the first metal film and the second metal film by the gap. 9. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in at least one of the first metal film and the second metal film, at least a portion of a slot antenna is located. 10. A method of manufacturing an electronic apparatus, the method comprising:
forming an integral metal film along from a surface of a non-conductive portion for sealing a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of a substrate to at least one edge surface of the substrate; and forming a slit-shaped gap by cutting the integral metal film to separate the integral metal film into a first metal film and a second metal film, wherein the first metal film contacts with a first wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, the second metal film contacts with a second wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, and the first wire is electrically connected to a first electrode of a rechargeable battery, and the second wire is electrically connected to a second electrode of the rechargeable battery. | According to an embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a substrate, a semiconductor device, a non-conductive portion, first and second metal films, and a rechargeable battery. The semiconductor device is mounted on a first surface of the substrate and includes a wireless circuit. The non-conductive portion is formed on the first surface to seal the semiconductor device. The first metal film is provided along a surface of the non-conductive portion and at least one edge surface of the substrate to contact at the edge surface with a first-wire disposed on the substrate. The second metal film is provided along the surface of the non-conductive portion and the edge surface and separately from the first metal film to contact at the edge surface with a second-wire disposed on the substrate. The rechargeable battery includes first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first-wire and to the second-wire, respectively.1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a substrate; a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of the substrate and including a wireless circuit; a non-conductive portion formed on the first surface of the substrate to seal the semiconductor device; a first metal film provided along from a surface of the non-conductive portion to at least one edge surface of the substrate to make contact at the edge surface with a first wire disposed on the substrate; a second metal film provided along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate and separately from the first metal film to make contact at the edge surface with a second wire disposed on the substrate; and a rechargeable battery including a first electrode electrically connected to the first wire, and a second electrode electrically connected to the second wire. 2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on a second surface of the substrate. 3. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a battery substrate placed opposite to a second surface of the substrate, wherein
the rechargeable battery is mounted on the battery substrate. 4. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on the first surface of the substrate, and is sealed as with the semiconductor device by the non-conductive portion. 5. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode of the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the first wire via a third wire and a power circuit disposed on the substrate. 6. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second metal film is provided so as to partly overlap with the semiconductor device as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the substrate. 7. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the surface of the non-conductive portion includes an upper surface parallel with the first surface of the substrate, and a side surface intersecting with the upper surface, and the first metal film is provided along from the side surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate. 8. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal film and the second metal film are formed by cutting an integral metal film formed along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate to form a slit-shaped gap, wherein the integral metal film is separated into the first metal film and the second metal film by the gap. 9. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in at least one of the first metal film and the second metal film, at least a portion of a slot antenna is located. 10. A method of manufacturing an electronic apparatus, the method comprising:
forming an integral metal film along from a surface of a non-conductive portion for sealing a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of a substrate to at least one edge surface of the substrate; and forming a slit-shaped gap by cutting the integral metal film to separate the integral metal film into a first metal film and a second metal film, wherein the first metal film contacts with a first wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, the second metal film contacts with a second wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, and the first wire is electrically connected to a first electrode of a rechargeable battery, and the second wire is electrically connected to a second electrode of the rechargeable battery. | 3,700 |
344,040 | 16,803,486 | 3,773 | According to an embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a substrate, a semiconductor device, a non-conductive portion, first and second metal films, and a rechargeable battery. The semiconductor device is mounted on a first surface of the substrate and includes a wireless circuit. The non-conductive portion is formed on the first surface to seal the semiconductor device. The first metal film is provided along a surface of the non-conductive portion and at least one edge surface of the substrate to contact at the edge surface with a first-wire disposed on the substrate. The second metal film is provided along the surface of the non-conductive portion and the edge surface and separately from the first metal film to contact at the edge surface with a second-wire disposed on the substrate. The rechargeable battery includes first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first-wire and to the second-wire, respectively. | 1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a substrate; a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of the substrate and including a wireless circuit; a non-conductive portion formed on the first surface of the substrate to seal the semiconductor device; a first metal film provided along from a surface of the non-conductive portion to at least one edge surface of the substrate to make contact at the edge surface with a first wire disposed on the substrate; a second metal film provided along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate and separately from the first metal film to make contact at the edge surface with a second wire disposed on the substrate; and a rechargeable battery including a first electrode electrically connected to the first wire, and a second electrode electrically connected to the second wire. 2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on a second surface of the substrate. 3. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a battery substrate placed opposite to a second surface of the substrate, wherein
the rechargeable battery is mounted on the battery substrate. 4. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on the first surface of the substrate, and is sealed as with the semiconductor device by the non-conductive portion. 5. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode of the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the first wire via a third wire and a power circuit disposed on the substrate. 6. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second metal film is provided so as to partly overlap with the semiconductor device as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the substrate. 7. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the surface of the non-conductive portion includes an upper surface parallel with the first surface of the substrate, and a side surface intersecting with the upper surface, and the first metal film is provided along from the side surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate. 8. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal film and the second metal film are formed by cutting an integral metal film formed along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate to form a slit-shaped gap, wherein the integral metal film is separated into the first metal film and the second metal film by the gap. 9. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in at least one of the first metal film and the second metal film, at least a portion of a slot antenna is located. 10. A method of manufacturing an electronic apparatus, the method comprising:
forming an integral metal film along from a surface of a non-conductive portion for sealing a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of a substrate to at least one edge surface of the substrate; and forming a slit-shaped gap by cutting the integral metal film to separate the integral metal film into a first metal film and a second metal film, wherein the first metal film contacts with a first wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, the second metal film contacts with a second wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, and the first wire is electrically connected to a first electrode of a rechargeable battery, and the second wire is electrically connected to a second electrode of the rechargeable battery. | According to an embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a substrate, a semiconductor device, a non-conductive portion, first and second metal films, and a rechargeable battery. The semiconductor device is mounted on a first surface of the substrate and includes a wireless circuit. The non-conductive portion is formed on the first surface to seal the semiconductor device. The first metal film is provided along a surface of the non-conductive portion and at least one edge surface of the substrate to contact at the edge surface with a first-wire disposed on the substrate. The second metal film is provided along the surface of the non-conductive portion and the edge surface and separately from the first metal film to contact at the edge surface with a second-wire disposed on the substrate. The rechargeable battery includes first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first-wire and to the second-wire, respectively.1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a substrate; a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of the substrate and including a wireless circuit; a non-conductive portion formed on the first surface of the substrate to seal the semiconductor device; a first metal film provided along from a surface of the non-conductive portion to at least one edge surface of the substrate to make contact at the edge surface with a first wire disposed on the substrate; a second metal film provided along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate and separately from the first metal film to make contact at the edge surface with a second wire disposed on the substrate; and a rechargeable battery including a first electrode electrically connected to the first wire, and a second electrode electrically connected to the second wire. 2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on a second surface of the substrate. 3. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a battery substrate placed opposite to a second surface of the substrate, wherein
the rechargeable battery is mounted on the battery substrate. 4. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery is mounted on the first surface of the substrate, and is sealed as with the semiconductor device by the non-conductive portion. 5. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode of the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the first wire via a third wire and a power circuit disposed on the substrate. 6. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second metal film is provided so as to partly overlap with the semiconductor device as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the substrate. 7. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the surface of the non-conductive portion includes an upper surface parallel with the first surface of the substrate, and a side surface intersecting with the upper surface, and the first metal film is provided along from the side surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate. 8. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal film and the second metal film are formed by cutting an integral metal film formed along from the surface of the non-conductive portion to the at least one edge surface of the substrate to form a slit-shaped gap, wherein the integral metal film is separated into the first metal film and the second metal film by the gap. 9. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in at least one of the first metal film and the second metal film, at least a portion of a slot antenna is located. 10. A method of manufacturing an electronic apparatus, the method comprising:
forming an integral metal film along from a surface of a non-conductive portion for sealing a semiconductor device mounted on a first surface of a substrate to at least one edge surface of the substrate; and forming a slit-shaped gap by cutting the integral metal film to separate the integral metal film into a first metal film and a second metal film, wherein the first metal film contacts with a first wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, the second metal film contacts with a second wire disposed on the substrate at the at least one edge surface of the substrate, and the first wire is electrically connected to a first electrode of a rechargeable battery, and the second wire is electrically connected to a second electrode of the rechargeable battery. | 3,700 |
344,041 | 16,803,479 | 3,773 | The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for chucking in substrate processing chambers. In one implementation, a method of chucking one or more substrates in a substrate processing chamber includes applying a chucking voltage to a pedestal. A substrate is disposed on a support surface of the pedestal. The method also includes ramping the chucking voltage from the applied voltage, detecting an impedance shift while ramping the chucking voltage, determining a corresponding chucking voltage at which the impedance shift occurs, and determining a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift and the corresponding chucking voltage. | 1. A method of chucking one or more substrates in a substrate processing chamber, comprising:
applying a chucking voltage to a pedestal, with a substrate disposed on a support surface of the pedestal; ramping the chucking voltage from the applied voltage; detecting an impedance shift while ramping the chucking voltage; determining a corresponding chucking voltage at which the impedance shift occurs; and determining a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift and the corresponding chucking voltage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the impedance shift is an impedance shift of a radio frequency energy generator that supplies radio frequency energy to the substrate processing chamber. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the impedance shift comprises measuring the impedance shift. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying the refined chucking voltage during a deposition process. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal comprises ramping up the chucking voltage until the impedance shift occurs. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the refined chucking voltage is a minimum voltage value that chucks the substrate to the support surface of the pedestal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the refined chucking voltage reduces a bow of the substrate. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a plasma. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal, the detecting the impedance shift, and the determining the refined chucking voltage are repeated on one or more additional substrates. 10. A method of chucking one or more substrates in a substrate processing chamber, comprising:
applying a chucking voltage to a pedestal using a preselected value, with a substrate disposed on a support surface of the pedestal; detecting an impedance shift; determining a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift; and adjusting the applied chucking voltage using the refined chucking voltage. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the impedance shift is an impedance shift of a radio frequency energy generator that supplies radio frequency energy to the substrate processing chamber. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the detecting the impedance shift comprises measuring the impedance shift. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising conducting a deposition process. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal using the preselected value comprises ramping up the chucking voltage towards the preselected value until the impedance shift occurs. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the refined chucking voltage is a minimum voltage value that chucks the substrate to the support surface of the pedestal. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the refined chucking voltage reduces a bow of the substrate. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising generating a plasma. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal, the detecting the impedance shift, and the determining the refined chucking voltage are repeated on one or more additional substrates. 19. A controller for substrate processing chamber systems, comprising:
a processor; and a set of computer instructions that, when executed, instruct the processor to:
cause a direct current voltage generator to apply a chucking voltage to a pedestal,
cause an impedance detector to detect an impedance shift of a radio frequency energy generator, and
determine a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift. 20. The controller of claim 19, wherein the set of computer instructions, when executed, instruct the processor to store the refined chucking voltage in a memory. | The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for chucking in substrate processing chambers. In one implementation, a method of chucking one or more substrates in a substrate processing chamber includes applying a chucking voltage to a pedestal. A substrate is disposed on a support surface of the pedestal. The method also includes ramping the chucking voltage from the applied voltage, detecting an impedance shift while ramping the chucking voltage, determining a corresponding chucking voltage at which the impedance shift occurs, and determining a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift and the corresponding chucking voltage.1. A method of chucking one or more substrates in a substrate processing chamber, comprising:
applying a chucking voltage to a pedestal, with a substrate disposed on a support surface of the pedestal; ramping the chucking voltage from the applied voltage; detecting an impedance shift while ramping the chucking voltage; determining a corresponding chucking voltage at which the impedance shift occurs; and determining a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift and the corresponding chucking voltage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the impedance shift is an impedance shift of a radio frequency energy generator that supplies radio frequency energy to the substrate processing chamber. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the impedance shift comprises measuring the impedance shift. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying the refined chucking voltage during a deposition process. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal comprises ramping up the chucking voltage until the impedance shift occurs. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the refined chucking voltage is a minimum voltage value that chucks the substrate to the support surface of the pedestal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the refined chucking voltage reduces a bow of the substrate. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a plasma. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal, the detecting the impedance shift, and the determining the refined chucking voltage are repeated on one or more additional substrates. 10. A method of chucking one or more substrates in a substrate processing chamber, comprising:
applying a chucking voltage to a pedestal using a preselected value, with a substrate disposed on a support surface of the pedestal; detecting an impedance shift; determining a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift; and adjusting the applied chucking voltage using the refined chucking voltage. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the impedance shift is an impedance shift of a radio frequency energy generator that supplies radio frequency energy to the substrate processing chamber. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the detecting the impedance shift comprises measuring the impedance shift. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising conducting a deposition process. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal using the preselected value comprises ramping up the chucking voltage towards the preselected value until the impedance shift occurs. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the refined chucking voltage is a minimum voltage value that chucks the substrate to the support surface of the pedestal. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the refined chucking voltage reduces a bow of the substrate. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising generating a plasma. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the applying the chucking voltage to the pedestal, the detecting the impedance shift, and the determining the refined chucking voltage are repeated on one or more additional substrates. 19. A controller for substrate processing chamber systems, comprising:
a processor; and a set of computer instructions that, when executed, instruct the processor to:
cause a direct current voltage generator to apply a chucking voltage to a pedestal,
cause an impedance detector to detect an impedance shift of a radio frequency energy generator, and
determine a refined chucking voltage based on the impedance shift. 20. The controller of claim 19, wherein the set of computer instructions, when executed, instruct the processor to store the refined chucking voltage in a memory. | 3,700 |
344,042 | 16,803,443 | 3,773 | Embodiments of this application provide a resource processing method, apparatus, and system, and a computer-readable medium. A background server performs identification according to a received resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; the background server transmits a resource processing request to a second interface when the to-be-processed resource includes a resource provided by a second cloud service, and the second interface initiates, to an authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; the authentication server performs authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returns an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; the second interface transmits a resource processing indication to the background server in response to the authentication success message; and the background server then processes the to-be-processed resource accordingly. | 1. A resource processing method, applied to a computer system comprising an interface device, a background server and an authentication server; in the computer system, the interface device being configured with at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface corresponding to a first cloud service, and the second interface corresponding to a second cloud service; and the method comprising:
obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface; performing, by the background server, identification according to the resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service; initiating, by the second interface according to the resource processing request, an authentication request to the authentication server for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returning, by the authentication server an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; transmitting, by the second interface in response to the authentication success message, a resource processing indication to the background server; and processing, by the background server, the to-be-processed resource in response to the resource processing indication from the second interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
before obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface:
initiating, by the first interface to the authentication server in response to a resource processing request transmitted by a client, an authentication request used for accessing a resource provided by the first cloud service;
performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, and returning an authentication success message to the first interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; and
transmitting, by the first interface in response to the authentication success message, the resource processing indication to the background server. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface comprises: transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface; and the performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service comprises: encrypting, by the background server, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first encryption key, and transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface, the resource processing request carrying information obtained after encryption; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface comprises: decrypting, by the second interface, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first decryption key, and encrypting information obtained after decryption by using a second encryption key in a case that decryption is successful, and transmitting an authentication request to the authentication server, the authentication request carrying the information obtained after encryption; and the performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: decrypting, by the authentication server by using a second decryption key, the information in the authentication request transmitted by the second interface, and performing, based on the information obtained after decryption in a case that decryption is successful, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 5. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
before transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service:
obtaining a cloud service corresponding to each resource in the to-be-processed resource according to a preset correspondence between a cloud service and a resource;
determining whether the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service; and
determining that the to-be-processed resource comprises the resource provided by the second cloud service in a case that it is determined that the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service. 6. A resource processing computer system, comprising an interface device, a background server and an authentication server, the interface device being configured with at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface corresponding to a first cloud service, and the second interface corresponding to a second cloud service, each having one or more processors, memory coupled to the one or more processors and a plurality of programs stored in the memory that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the resource processing computer system to perform a plurality of operations comprising:
obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface; performing, by the background server, identification according to the resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service; initiating, by the second interface according to the resource processing request, an authentication request to the authentication server for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returning, by the authentication server an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; transmitting, by the second interface in response to the authentication success message, a resource processing indication to the background server; and processing, by the background server, the to-be-processed resource in response to the resource processing indication from the second interface. 7. The resource processing computer system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface:
initiating, by the first interface to the authentication server in response to a resource processing request transmitted by a client, an authentication request used for accessing a resource provided by the first cloud service;
performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, and returning an authentication success message to the first interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; and
transmitting, by the first interface in response to the authentication success message, the resource processing indication to the background server. 8. The resource processing computer system according to claim 6, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface comprises: transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface; and the performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 9. The resource processing computer system according to claim 8, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service comprises: encrypting, by the background server, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first encryption key, and transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface, the resource processing request carrying information obtained after encryption; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface comprises: decrypting, by the second interface, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first decryption key, and encrypting information obtained after decryption by using a second encryption key in a case that decryption is successful, and transmitting an authentication request to the authentication server, the authentication request carrying the information obtained after encryption; and the performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: decrypting, by the authentication server by using a second decryption key, the information in the authentication request transmitted by the second interface, and performing, based on the information obtained after decryption in a case that decryption is successful, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 10. The resource processing computer system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service:
obtaining a cloud service corresponding to each resource in the to-be-processed resource according to a preset correspondence between a cloud service and a resource;
determining whether the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service; and
determining that the to-be-processed resource comprises the resource provided by the second cloud service in a case that it is determined that the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of machine readable instructions in connection with a resource processing computer system, comprising an interface device, a background server and an authentication server, each having one or more processors, the interface device being configured with at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface corresponding to a first cloud service, and the second interface corresponding to a second cloud service, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the resource processing computer system to perform a plurality of operations comprising:
obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface; performing, by the background server, identification according to the resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service; initiating, by the second interface according to the resource processing request, an authentication request to the authentication server for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returning, by the authentication server an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; transmitting, by the second interface in response to the authentication success message, a resource processing indication to the background server; and processing, by the background server, the to-be-processed resource in response to the resource processing indication from the second interface. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface:
initiating, by the first interface to the authentication server in response to a resource processing request transmitted by a client, an authentication request used for accessing a resource provided by the first cloud service;
performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, and returning an authentication success message to the first interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; and
transmitting, by the first interface in response to the authentication success message, the resource processing indication to the background server. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface comprises: transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface; and the performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 13, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service comprises: encrypting, by the background server, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first encryption key, and transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface, the resource processing request carrying information obtained after encryption; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface comprises: decrypting, by the second interface, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first decryption key, and encrypting information obtained after decryption by using a second encryption key in a case that decryption is successful, and transmitting an authentication request to the authentication server, the authentication request carrying the information obtained after encryption; and the performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: decrypting, by the authentication server by using a second decryption key, the information in the authentication request transmitted by the second interface, and performing, based on the information obtained after decryption in a case that decryption is successful, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service:
obtaining a cloud service corresponding to each resource in the to-be-processed resource according to a preset correspondence between a cloud service and a resource;
determining whether the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service; and
determining that the to-be-processed resource comprises the resource provided by the second cloud service in a case that it is determined that the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service. | Embodiments of this application provide a resource processing method, apparatus, and system, and a computer-readable medium. A background server performs identification according to a received resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; the background server transmits a resource processing request to a second interface when the to-be-processed resource includes a resource provided by a second cloud service, and the second interface initiates, to an authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; the authentication server performs authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returns an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; the second interface transmits a resource processing indication to the background server in response to the authentication success message; and the background server then processes the to-be-processed resource accordingly.1. A resource processing method, applied to a computer system comprising an interface device, a background server and an authentication server; in the computer system, the interface device being configured with at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface corresponding to a first cloud service, and the second interface corresponding to a second cloud service; and the method comprising:
obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface; performing, by the background server, identification according to the resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service; initiating, by the second interface according to the resource processing request, an authentication request to the authentication server for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returning, by the authentication server an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; transmitting, by the second interface in response to the authentication success message, a resource processing indication to the background server; and processing, by the background server, the to-be-processed resource in response to the resource processing indication from the second interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
before obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface:
initiating, by the first interface to the authentication server in response to a resource processing request transmitted by a client, an authentication request used for accessing a resource provided by the first cloud service;
performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, and returning an authentication success message to the first interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; and
transmitting, by the first interface in response to the authentication success message, the resource processing indication to the background server. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface comprises: transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface; and the performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service comprises: encrypting, by the background server, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first encryption key, and transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface, the resource processing request carrying information obtained after encryption; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface comprises: decrypting, by the second interface, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first decryption key, and encrypting information obtained after decryption by using a second encryption key in a case that decryption is successful, and transmitting an authentication request to the authentication server, the authentication request carrying the information obtained after encryption; and the performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: decrypting, by the authentication server by using a second decryption key, the information in the authentication request transmitted by the second interface, and performing, based on the information obtained after decryption in a case that decryption is successful, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 5. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
before transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service:
obtaining a cloud service corresponding to each resource in the to-be-processed resource according to a preset correspondence between a cloud service and a resource;
determining whether the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service; and
determining that the to-be-processed resource comprises the resource provided by the second cloud service in a case that it is determined that the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service. 6. A resource processing computer system, comprising an interface device, a background server and an authentication server, the interface device being configured with at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface corresponding to a first cloud service, and the second interface corresponding to a second cloud service, each having one or more processors, memory coupled to the one or more processors and a plurality of programs stored in the memory that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the resource processing computer system to perform a plurality of operations comprising:
obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface; performing, by the background server, identification according to the resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service; initiating, by the second interface according to the resource processing request, an authentication request to the authentication server for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returning, by the authentication server an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; transmitting, by the second interface in response to the authentication success message, a resource processing indication to the background server; and processing, by the background server, the to-be-processed resource in response to the resource processing indication from the second interface. 7. The resource processing computer system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface:
initiating, by the first interface to the authentication server in response to a resource processing request transmitted by a client, an authentication request used for accessing a resource provided by the first cloud service;
performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, and returning an authentication success message to the first interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; and
transmitting, by the first interface in response to the authentication success message, the resource processing indication to the background server. 8. The resource processing computer system according to claim 6, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface comprises: transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface; and the performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 9. The resource processing computer system according to claim 8, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service comprises: encrypting, by the background server, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first encryption key, and transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface, the resource processing request carrying information obtained after encryption; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface comprises: decrypting, by the second interface, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first decryption key, and encrypting information obtained after decryption by using a second encryption key in a case that decryption is successful, and transmitting an authentication request to the authentication server, the authentication request carrying the information obtained after encryption; and the performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: decrypting, by the authentication server by using a second decryption key, the information in the authentication request transmitted by the second interface, and performing, based on the information obtained after decryption in a case that decryption is successful, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 10. The resource processing computer system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service:
obtaining a cloud service corresponding to each resource in the to-be-processed resource according to a preset correspondence between a cloud service and a resource;
determining whether the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service; and
determining that the to-be-processed resource comprises the resource provided by the second cloud service in a case that it is determined that the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a plurality of machine readable instructions in connection with a resource processing computer system, comprising an interface device, a background server and an authentication server, each having one or more processors, the interface device being configured with at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface corresponding to a first cloud service, and the second interface corresponding to a second cloud service, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the resource processing computer system to perform a plurality of operations comprising:
obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface; performing, by the background server, identification according to the resource processing indication, to determine a to-be-processed resource; transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service; initiating, by the second interface according to the resource processing request, an authentication request to the authentication server for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service; performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service, and returning, by the authentication server an authentication success message to the second interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; transmitting, by the second interface in response to the authentication success message, a resource processing indication to the background server; and processing, by the background server, the to-be-processed resource in response to the resource processing indication from the second interface. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before obtaining, by the background server, a resource processing indication from the first interface:
initiating, by the first interface to the authentication server in response to a resource processing request transmitted by a client, an authentication request used for accessing a resource provided by the first cloud service;
performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the first cloud service, and returning an authentication success message to the first interface in a case that the authentication succeeds; and
transmitting, by the first interface in response to the authentication success message, the resource processing indication to the background server. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server, a resource processing request to the second interface comprises: transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server according to the resource processing request, an authentication request used for accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface; and the performing, by the authentication server in response to the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 13, wherein:
the transmitting, by the background server to the second interface, a resource processing request carrying signature information of the first cloud service, and information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service comprises: encrypting, by the background server, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first encryption key, and transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface, the resource processing request carrying information obtained after encryption; the initiating, by the second interface to the authentication server, an authentication request carrying the signature information of the first cloud service, the information about the resource comprised in the to-be-processed resource and provided by the second cloud service, and information about the second interface comprises: decrypting, by the second interface, the information carried in the resource processing request by using a first decryption key, and encrypting information obtained after decryption by using a second encryption key in a case that decryption is successful, and transmitting an authentication request to the authentication server, the authentication request carrying the information obtained after encryption; and the performing, by the authentication server according to the information carried in the authentication request, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service comprises: decrypting, by the authentication server by using a second decryption key, the information in the authentication request transmitted by the second interface, and performing, based on the information obtained after decryption in a case that decryption is successful, authentication on accessing the resource provided by the second cloud service. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of operations further comprise:
before transmitting a resource processing request to the second interface in a case that the to-be-processed resource comprises a resource provided by the second cloud service:
obtaining a cloud service corresponding to each resource in the to-be-processed resource according to a preset correspondence between a cloud service and a resource;
determining whether the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service; and
determining that the to-be-processed resource comprises the resource provided by the second cloud service in a case that it is determined that the obtained cloud service comprises the second cloud service. | 3,700 |
344,043 | 16,803,487 | 3,773 | A system to control access to domains, servers, or content, among other things. There may be individualized or global policies. Policy servers or other devices may interface with databases, DNS servers, firewalls, programmable virtualized routers, or dynamic host configuration protocol servers, among other devices to dynamically update various policy enforcement elements. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, the memory storing executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising:
receiving, by a virtual network function associated with the apparatus, a policy of a plurality of policies, the plurality of policies comprising information associated with accessing a respective plurality of devices in a network;
receiving access information for accessing a first device of the plurality of devices in the network, wherein the access information is stored in association with a domain name on a second device remote from the virtual network function;
receiving, by the virtual network function, a request to access the first device;
determining, by the virtual network function, to restrict access to the first device according to the policy;
updating, by the virtual network function, the policy to include at least a portion of the access information to restrict the access to the first device; and
sending, by the virtual network function, the updated policy to at least one of the first device or another device in the network. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the access information comprises one or more internet protocol addresses corresponding to the domain name. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the virtual network function, to redirect access to a third device according to a second policy of the plurality of policies; updating, by the virtual network function, the second policy to include information associated with redirecting the access to the third device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated second policy to an intermediary device for routing to a firewall device, wherein the updated second policy configures the firewall device to restrict access to the third device. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on a previous location of a mobile device, the policy was received from a second network, wherein the mobile device is currently connected to the network. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the updated policy is sent to the plurality of devices at approximately the same time, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a firewall or domain name service server. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, the updated policy is associated with a restriction of the domain name, a network identifier, a protocol, or a data packet content. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a switch or a router. 8. A method comprising:
receiving, by a virtual network function, a policy of a plurality of policies, the plurality of policies comprising information associated with accessing a respective plurality of devices in a network; receiving access information for accessing a first device of the plurality of devices in the network, wherein the access information is stored in association with a domain name on a second device remote from the virtual network function; receiving, by the virtual network function, a request to access the first device; determining, by the virtual network function, to restrict access to the first device according to the policy; updating, by the virtual network function, the policy to include at least a portion of the access information to restrict the access to the first device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated policy to at least one of the first device or another device in the network. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least a portion of the access information comprises one or more internet protocol addresses corresponding to the domain name. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, by the virtual network function, to redirect access to a third device according to a second policy of the plurality of policies; updating, by the virtual network function, the second policy to include information associated with redirecting the access to the third device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated second policy to an intermediary device for routing to a firewall device, wherein the updated second policy configures the firewall device to restrict access to the third device. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein, based on a previous location of a mobile device, the policy was received from a second network, wherein the mobile device is currently connected to the network. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the updated policy is sent to the plurality of devices at approximately the same time, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a firewall or domain name service server. 13. The method of claim 8, the updated policy is associated with a restriction of a network identifier, protocol, or data packet content. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a switch or a router. 15. A computer readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions that when executed by a computing device cause said computing device to effectuate operations comprising:
receiving, by a virtual network function, a policy of a plurality of policies, the plurality of policies comprising information associated with accessing a respective plurality of devices in a network; receiving access information for accessing a first device of the plurality of devices in the network, wherein the access information is stored in association with a domain name on a second device remote from the virtual network function; receiving, by the virtual network function, a request to access the first device; determining, by the virtual network function, to restrict access to the first device according to the policy; updating, by the virtual network function, the policy to include at least a portion of the access information to restrict the access to the first device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated policy to at least one of the first device or another device in the network. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the at least a portion of the access information comprises one or more internet protocol addresses corresponding to the domain name. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
determining, by the virtual network function, to redirect access to a third device according to a second policy of the plurality of policies; updating, by the virtual network function, the second policy to include information associated with redirecting the access to the third device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated second policy to an intermediary device for routing to a firewall device, wherein the updated second policy configures the firewall device to restrict access to the third device. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein, based on a previous location of a mobile device, the policy was received from a second network, wherein the mobile device is currently connected to the network. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the updated policy is sent to the plurality of devices at approximately the same time, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a firewall or domain name service server. 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, the updated policy is associated with a restriction of a protocol or a data packet content. | A system to control access to domains, servers, or content, among other things. There may be individualized or global policies. Policy servers or other devices may interface with databases, DNS servers, firewalls, programmable virtualized routers, or dynamic host configuration protocol servers, among other devices to dynamically update various policy enforcement elements.1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, the memory storing executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to effectuate operations comprising:
receiving, by a virtual network function associated with the apparatus, a policy of a plurality of policies, the plurality of policies comprising information associated with accessing a respective plurality of devices in a network;
receiving access information for accessing a first device of the plurality of devices in the network, wherein the access information is stored in association with a domain name on a second device remote from the virtual network function;
receiving, by the virtual network function, a request to access the first device;
determining, by the virtual network function, to restrict access to the first device according to the policy;
updating, by the virtual network function, the policy to include at least a portion of the access information to restrict the access to the first device; and
sending, by the virtual network function, the updated policy to at least one of the first device or another device in the network. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the access information comprises one or more internet protocol addresses corresponding to the domain name. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the virtual network function, to redirect access to a third device according to a second policy of the plurality of policies; updating, by the virtual network function, the second policy to include information associated with redirecting the access to the third device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated second policy to an intermediary device for routing to a firewall device, wherein the updated second policy configures the firewall device to restrict access to the third device. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on a previous location of a mobile device, the policy was received from a second network, wherein the mobile device is currently connected to the network. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the updated policy is sent to the plurality of devices at approximately the same time, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a firewall or domain name service server. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, the updated policy is associated with a restriction of the domain name, a network identifier, a protocol, or a data packet content. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a switch or a router. 8. A method comprising:
receiving, by a virtual network function, a policy of a plurality of policies, the plurality of policies comprising information associated with accessing a respective plurality of devices in a network; receiving access information for accessing a first device of the plurality of devices in the network, wherein the access information is stored in association with a domain name on a second device remote from the virtual network function; receiving, by the virtual network function, a request to access the first device; determining, by the virtual network function, to restrict access to the first device according to the policy; updating, by the virtual network function, the policy to include at least a portion of the access information to restrict the access to the first device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated policy to at least one of the first device or another device in the network. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least a portion of the access information comprises one or more internet protocol addresses corresponding to the domain name. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, by the virtual network function, to redirect access to a third device according to a second policy of the plurality of policies; updating, by the virtual network function, the second policy to include information associated with redirecting the access to the third device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated second policy to an intermediary device for routing to a firewall device, wherein the updated second policy configures the firewall device to restrict access to the third device. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein, based on a previous location of a mobile device, the policy was received from a second network, wherein the mobile device is currently connected to the network. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the updated policy is sent to the plurality of devices at approximately the same time, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a firewall or domain name service server. 13. The method of claim 8, the updated policy is associated with a restriction of a network identifier, protocol, or data packet content. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a switch or a router. 15. A computer readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions that when executed by a computing device cause said computing device to effectuate operations comprising:
receiving, by a virtual network function, a policy of a plurality of policies, the plurality of policies comprising information associated with accessing a respective plurality of devices in a network; receiving access information for accessing a first device of the plurality of devices in the network, wherein the access information is stored in association with a domain name on a second device remote from the virtual network function; receiving, by the virtual network function, a request to access the first device; determining, by the virtual network function, to restrict access to the first device according to the policy; updating, by the virtual network function, the policy to include at least a portion of the access information to restrict the access to the first device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated policy to at least one of the first device or another device in the network. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the at least a portion of the access information comprises one or more internet protocol addresses corresponding to the domain name. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising:
determining, by the virtual network function, to redirect access to a third device according to a second policy of the plurality of policies; updating, by the virtual network function, the second policy to include information associated with redirecting the access to the third device; and sending, by the virtual network function, the updated second policy to an intermediary device for routing to a firewall device, wherein the updated second policy configures the firewall device to restrict access to the third device. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein, based on a previous location of a mobile device, the policy was received from a second network, wherein the mobile device is currently connected to the network. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the updated policy is sent to the plurality of devices at approximately the same time, wherein the plurality of devices comprises a firewall or domain name service server. 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, the updated policy is associated with a restriction of a protocol or a data packet content. | 3,700 |
344,044 | 16,803,514 | 3,773 | Disclosed embodiments include a method for reducing amplifier offset drift comprised of receiving a first differential input signal at a first transistor base terminal and a second differential input signal at a second transistor base terminal, coupling the collector of the first transistor to the emitter of a third transistor and the emitter of the second transistor to the emitter of a fourth transistor, then coupling the base of the third transistor to the base of the fourth transistor. The method is also comprised of coupling the collector of the fourth transistor to an output terminal, generating a temperature dependent error correction current to minimize the difference in the amount of current flowing through the third transistor and the amount of current flowing through the fourth transistor, then injecting the error correction current into the emitter terminal of at least one of either the third transistor or the fourth transistor. | 1. A method for reducing offset drift in an amplifier comprised of:
receiving a first differential input signal at the control terminal of a first transistor and a second differential input signal at the control terminal of a second transistor; coupling a first terminal of the first transistor to a second terminal of a third transistor and a second terminal of the second transistor to a second terminal of a fourth transistor; coupling a control terminal of the third transistor to a control terminal of the fourth transistor; coupling a first terminal of the fourth transistor to an output terminal; generating a temperature dependent error correction current to minimize the difference in the amount of current flowing through the third transistor and the amount of current flowing through the fourth transistor; and providing the error correction current to the second terminal of at least one of the third transistor or the fourth transistor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the error correction current has an approximately opposite response to a change in temperature compared to a temperature dependent offset error in the amplifier. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a switch controls whether the polarity of the error correction current is positive or negative. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the switch can prevent the error correction current from being injected into the third transistor or fourth transistor. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the error correction current is first generated as an error correction voltage, and the error correction voltage is then input to a transconductance stage that converts the voltage to a current. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a current source is coupled to a second terminal of the first transistor and a second terminal of the second transistor, raising the voltage at the second terminal of the first transistor and the second terminal of the second transistor above a lower supply voltage. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a control terminal is a base, a first terminal is a collector, and a second terminal is an emitter. 8. A circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the control terminal is coupled to a first differential input terminal, and the first terminal is coupled to a first terminal of an error correction circuit; a second transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the control terminal is coupled to a second differential input terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor, and the second terminal is coupled to a second terminal of the error correction circuit; a third transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the error correction circuit; a fourth transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the third transistor, and the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the error correction circuit; and an output amplifier stage with an input coupled to the fourth collector and an output coupled to an output terminal. 9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the error correction circuit minimizes the difference between the current through the third transistor and the current through the fourth transistor. 10. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the error correction circuit includes a switch that determines whether the current output has a positive polarity or a negative polarity. 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the switch can decouple the error correction circuit from the third emitter and the fourth emitter. 12. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising a current mirror coupled between the second terminal of the third transistor and a first voltage source, and between the second terminal of the fourth transistor and the first voltage source. 13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control terminal is a base of a transistor, the first terminal is an emitter of a transistor, and the second terminal is a collector of a transistor. 14. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the circuit includes a current source coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor and the first terminal of the second transistor. 15. An error correction circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the second terminal is coupled to a current source through a first resistor, and the control terminal is coupled to a first differential voltage output and to the first terminal through a second resistor and a third resistor; a second transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the second terminal is coupled to the current source through a fourth resistor, and the control terminal is coupled to a second differential voltage output through a fifth resistor and to the first terminal through the fifth resistor and a sixth resistor; a transconductance stage having a differential input coupled to the first differential voltage output and the second differential voltage output, and a differential output coupled to a first differential current output and a second differential current output; and a polarity selection switch coupled to the first differential current output and the second differential current output, and having a differential error correction current output. 16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the polarity selection switch determines whether the polarity of the differential error correction current output is positive or negative. 17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the polarity selection switch can disable the differential error correction current output. 18. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the transconductance stage includes a third transistor and a fourth transistor. 19. The circuit of claim 18, wherein the third transistor and the fourth transistor are between a current source and the differential output of the transconductance stage. 20. The circuit of claim 15, wherein there is at least one temperature where the differential voltage across the first differential voltage output and the second differential voltage output is approximately zero. | Disclosed embodiments include a method for reducing amplifier offset drift comprised of receiving a first differential input signal at a first transistor base terminal and a second differential input signal at a second transistor base terminal, coupling the collector of the first transistor to the emitter of a third transistor and the emitter of the second transistor to the emitter of a fourth transistor, then coupling the base of the third transistor to the base of the fourth transistor. The method is also comprised of coupling the collector of the fourth transistor to an output terminal, generating a temperature dependent error correction current to minimize the difference in the amount of current flowing through the third transistor and the amount of current flowing through the fourth transistor, then injecting the error correction current into the emitter terminal of at least one of either the third transistor or the fourth transistor.1. A method for reducing offset drift in an amplifier comprised of:
receiving a first differential input signal at the control terminal of a first transistor and a second differential input signal at the control terminal of a second transistor; coupling a first terminal of the first transistor to a second terminal of a third transistor and a second terminal of the second transistor to a second terminal of a fourth transistor; coupling a control terminal of the third transistor to a control terminal of the fourth transistor; coupling a first terminal of the fourth transistor to an output terminal; generating a temperature dependent error correction current to minimize the difference in the amount of current flowing through the third transistor and the amount of current flowing through the fourth transistor; and providing the error correction current to the second terminal of at least one of the third transistor or the fourth transistor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the error correction current has an approximately opposite response to a change in temperature compared to a temperature dependent offset error in the amplifier. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a switch controls whether the polarity of the error correction current is positive or negative. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the switch can prevent the error correction current from being injected into the third transistor or fourth transistor. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the error correction current is first generated as an error correction voltage, and the error correction voltage is then input to a transconductance stage that converts the voltage to a current. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a current source is coupled to a second terminal of the first transistor and a second terminal of the second transistor, raising the voltage at the second terminal of the first transistor and the second terminal of the second transistor above a lower supply voltage. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a control terminal is a base, a first terminal is a collector, and a second terminal is an emitter. 8. A circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the control terminal is coupled to a first differential input terminal, and the first terminal is coupled to a first terminal of an error correction circuit; a second transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the control terminal is coupled to a second differential input terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor, and the second terminal is coupled to a second terminal of the error correction circuit; a third transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the error correction circuit; a fourth transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the first terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the third transistor, and the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the error correction circuit; and an output amplifier stage with an input coupled to the fourth collector and an output coupled to an output terminal. 9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the error correction circuit minimizes the difference between the current through the third transistor and the current through the fourth transistor. 10. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the error correction circuit includes a switch that determines whether the current output has a positive polarity or a negative polarity. 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the switch can decouple the error correction circuit from the third emitter and the fourth emitter. 12. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising a current mirror coupled between the second terminal of the third transistor and a first voltage source, and between the second terminal of the fourth transistor and the first voltage source. 13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control terminal is a base of a transistor, the first terminal is an emitter of a transistor, and the second terminal is a collector of a transistor. 14. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the circuit includes a current source coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor and the first terminal of the second transistor. 15. An error correction circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the second terminal is coupled to a current source through a first resistor, and the control terminal is coupled to a first differential voltage output and to the first terminal through a second resistor and a third resistor; a second transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, the second terminal is coupled to the current source through a fourth resistor, and the control terminal is coupled to a second differential voltage output through a fifth resistor and to the first terminal through the fifth resistor and a sixth resistor; a transconductance stage having a differential input coupled to the first differential voltage output and the second differential voltage output, and a differential output coupled to a first differential current output and a second differential current output; and a polarity selection switch coupled to the first differential current output and the second differential current output, and having a differential error correction current output. 16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the polarity selection switch determines whether the polarity of the differential error correction current output is positive or negative. 17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the polarity selection switch can disable the differential error correction current output. 18. The circuit of claim 15, wherein the transconductance stage includes a third transistor and a fourth transistor. 19. The circuit of claim 18, wherein the third transistor and the fourth transistor are between a current source and the differential output of the transconductance stage. 20. The circuit of claim 15, wherein there is at least one temperature where the differential voltage across the first differential voltage output and the second differential voltage output is approximately zero. | 3,700 |
344,045 | 16,803,481 | 3,773 | A device for the transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve is provided. The device has an elongated symmetrical support with at least one electrode pair, and the support can be applied on a person's forehead in the supraorbital region to cover the afferent paths of the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Each electrode pair contacts a self-adhesive conductive gel that at least partially covers one surface of the support for attaching the support to the forehead to be applied to two lateral zones with the exception of an insulating central zone. Each lateral zone has one electrode of the electrode pair, an electric circuit for supplying to the electrode pair electric pulses that have a predefined intensity, and a measurement means for measuring the intensity of the supplied pulses that is connected to the electric circuit. | 1. A device for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of a trigeminal nerve, comprising:
an elongated symmetrical support having at least one electrode pair, the support configured to be applied on a forehead of a person's face in a supraorbital region such that afferent paths of supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of an ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve are covered; wherein each electrode pair is in contact with a self-adhesive conductive gel, the conductive gel at least partially covers one surface of the support for attaching the support to the forehead and is applied to two lateral zones without being applied to an insulating central zone; and wherein each lateral zone has one electrode of the electrode pair and at least one electric circuit configured to supply to the electrode pair electric pulses having a predefined intensity, and the electric circuit has a microcontroller unit configured to measure an intensity of the supplied pulses and to steer the pulses. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller unit is connected to an auditory signal control means configured to control an auditory signal providing means for creating an auditory signal when the measured intensity is different from the predefined intensity. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the predefined intensity of the pulses is from 1 to 35 mA. 4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one monitoring means configured to record a plurality of parameters during each use of the device, wherein said monitoring means is connected to the electric circuit and has at least one of a sensor and a storage means configured to store the recorded plurality of parameters. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of parameters are selected from the group consisting of: a number of treatment sessions performed by the device, a total time of treatment sessions, a maximum pulse intensity used throughout all sessions, a frequently used pulse intensity throughout all sessions, a total charge transferred to the person throughout all sessions, and any combination thereof. 6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one biofeedback means for recording a physical response of the person to the supplied pulses, wherein the biofeedback means is connected to the electrode of the device and has at least one conversion means for converting the recorded physical responses into a biofeedback signal that is configured to be perceived by the person. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the biofeedback signal is at least one of a visual and an auditory signal. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit has a programmable signal generator configured to generate electrical pulses of a duration of between 150 and 450 microseconds with a maximum increase in intensity of 0 to 20 mA at a rate of less than or equal to 40 microamperes per second and with a step up in intensity not exceeding 50 microamperes. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is integrated into an apparatus, and the apparatus is mechanically connectable to the elongated symmetrical support. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is integrated into an apparatus, and the apparatus is magnetically connectable to the elongated symmetrical support. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is configured for use in electrotherapeutic treatment of neurological disorders selected from the group consisting of migraine, tension, headaches, cluster headaches, hemicrania continua, Semi unilateral neuralgaform non conjunctival tearing (SUCNT), chronic paroxystic hemicranias, trigeminal neuralgia, facial nerve disturbances, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, depression, cyclothymia, post-traumatic stress syndrome, post-concussion syndrome, coma, anxiety, tremor, aphasia, obsessive compulsive disorder, insomnia, sleep disorders, sleep apnea syndrome, hypersomnia, epilepsy, drop attacks, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzeihmer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Cerebellar syndrome. 12. A kit comprising a device as described in claim 1 and a leaflet with instructions to a user. | A device for the transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve is provided. The device has an elongated symmetrical support with at least one electrode pair, and the support can be applied on a person's forehead in the supraorbital region to cover the afferent paths of the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Each electrode pair contacts a self-adhesive conductive gel that at least partially covers one surface of the support for attaching the support to the forehead to be applied to two lateral zones with the exception of an insulating central zone. Each lateral zone has one electrode of the electrode pair, an electric circuit for supplying to the electrode pair electric pulses that have a predefined intensity, and a measurement means for measuring the intensity of the supplied pulses that is connected to the electric circuit.1. A device for transcutaneous electrical stimulation of a trigeminal nerve, comprising:
an elongated symmetrical support having at least one electrode pair, the support configured to be applied on a forehead of a person's face in a supraorbital region such that afferent paths of supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of an ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve are covered; wherein each electrode pair is in contact with a self-adhesive conductive gel, the conductive gel at least partially covers one surface of the support for attaching the support to the forehead and is applied to two lateral zones without being applied to an insulating central zone; and wherein each lateral zone has one electrode of the electrode pair and at least one electric circuit configured to supply to the electrode pair electric pulses having a predefined intensity, and the electric circuit has a microcontroller unit configured to measure an intensity of the supplied pulses and to steer the pulses. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller unit is connected to an auditory signal control means configured to control an auditory signal providing means for creating an auditory signal when the measured intensity is different from the predefined intensity. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the predefined intensity of the pulses is from 1 to 35 mA. 4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one monitoring means configured to record a plurality of parameters during each use of the device, wherein said monitoring means is connected to the electric circuit and has at least one of a sensor and a storage means configured to store the recorded plurality of parameters. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of parameters are selected from the group consisting of: a number of treatment sessions performed by the device, a total time of treatment sessions, a maximum pulse intensity used throughout all sessions, a frequently used pulse intensity throughout all sessions, a total charge transferred to the person throughout all sessions, and any combination thereof. 6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one biofeedback means for recording a physical response of the person to the supplied pulses, wherein the biofeedback means is connected to the electrode of the device and has at least one conversion means for converting the recorded physical responses into a biofeedback signal that is configured to be perceived by the person. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the biofeedback signal is at least one of a visual and an auditory signal. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit has a programmable signal generator configured to generate electrical pulses of a duration of between 150 and 450 microseconds with a maximum increase in intensity of 0 to 20 mA at a rate of less than or equal to 40 microamperes per second and with a step up in intensity not exceeding 50 microamperes. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is integrated into an apparatus, and the apparatus is mechanically connectable to the elongated symmetrical support. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is integrated into an apparatus, and the apparatus is magnetically connectable to the elongated symmetrical support. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is configured for use in electrotherapeutic treatment of neurological disorders selected from the group consisting of migraine, tension, headaches, cluster headaches, hemicrania continua, Semi unilateral neuralgaform non conjunctival tearing (SUCNT), chronic paroxystic hemicranias, trigeminal neuralgia, facial nerve disturbances, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, depression, cyclothymia, post-traumatic stress syndrome, post-concussion syndrome, coma, anxiety, tremor, aphasia, obsessive compulsive disorder, insomnia, sleep disorders, sleep apnea syndrome, hypersomnia, epilepsy, drop attacks, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzeihmer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Cerebellar syndrome. 12. A kit comprising a device as described in claim 1 and a leaflet with instructions to a user. | 3,700 |
344,046 | 16,803,499 | 3,773 | An automated plant cultivation system operating seed or plant capsule(s) and/or capsule(s) retaining casing(s) capable of controlling the growing environment of each plant capsule throughout the plant life cycle wherein the capsule(s) can be adapted to operate under any irrigation method. | 1. A plant cultivation system comprising:
at least one of a linear magazine structure, a seed and/or plant capsule and a seed and/or plant casing, wherein:
at least one detachable seed and/or plant capsule is inserted into the magazine structure seed and/or plant reservoir opening from the top side;
at least one detachable seed and/or plant casing is inserted into an opening in the seed and/or plant capsule top cover;
the seed and/or plant capsule is configured to facilitate at least two consecutive casing deployments from same top cover opening; and
the roots of the plant within the casing grows into the interior space of the capsule through at least one opening in the casing abutting walls inside the capsule. 2. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the plant roots within the casing are severed upon rotating the casing about a vertical axis of the casing. 3. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the casing is made of bio-degradable material. 4. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the casing has an identifier tag to authenticate the casing before joining it to the cultivator network of devices. 5. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein at least one of a drip head or mister inside the capsule distributes fluid to at least one plant root. 6. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the capsule employs at least one connector preventing fluid dripping out of the capsule upon removal from the magazine. 7. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein upon removal of the capsule from the magazine, at least one fluid connector prevents inflow and/or backflow into the magazine capsule reservoir. 8. A detachable plant seed and/or plant capsule comprising:
at least one of a cover, a casing opening in the cover, a nutrient and/or sprinkler/mister opening in the cover, and a fluid connector, wherein:
a seed and/or plant casing is inserted into an interior of the capsule from at least one top cover opening;
nutrient and/or pest-control solid/fluid material transferred inside at least one opening in the top cover of the capsule;
at least one irrigation drip head or mister can be placed in the nutrient and/or pest-control opening at the top of the capsule; and
at least one fluid connector is coupled to the capsule. 9. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the connector prevents fluid dripping upon removal from the magazine. 10. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the roots of at least one detachable casing inserted into the capsule grow into the interior of the capsule. 11. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 10, wherein the roots of the detachable casing are severed upon rotating the casing about its vertical axis. 12. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the capsule can be configured to grow plants employing hydroponic, aeroponic, and/or other plant growth medium. 13. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the casing material is biodegradable. 14. A plant cultivation system comprising:
at least one of a linear magazine structure, a seed and/or capsule, a camera, AI code and a processor, wherein:
at least one detachable seed and/or plant capsule is inserted into the magazine structure seed and/or plant capsule reservoir opening from the top;
at least one camera is coupled to the bottom side of the magazine structure with the camera's aperture facing toward at least one capsule below;
the camera transmits data to the cultivation system processor;
the processor employs AI code; and
the processor receiving data from the camera is configured to recognize identifier tags on at least one of a casing, a capsule, and/or a magazine. 15. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data on plant growth stage of the capsule. 16. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data that identifies and reports anomalies in the health of the plant leaves. 17. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to measure ambient light. 18. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data to observe and alert when pests invade a plant. 19. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data to observe and alert when a plant needs to be pollinated. 20. A method using a camera with a linear plant retaining magazine, the method comprising:
coupling the camera to the linear plant retaining magazine at a camera aperture facing toward at least one capsule; sending real-time data from the camera to a cultivation system processor, wherein the processor employs AI code; and utilizing the AI code, providing optimal growing condition to each casing or each casing and/or capsule of the magazine. | An automated plant cultivation system operating seed or plant capsule(s) and/or capsule(s) retaining casing(s) capable of controlling the growing environment of each plant capsule throughout the plant life cycle wherein the capsule(s) can be adapted to operate under any irrigation method.1. A plant cultivation system comprising:
at least one of a linear magazine structure, a seed and/or plant capsule and a seed and/or plant casing, wherein:
at least one detachable seed and/or plant capsule is inserted into the magazine structure seed and/or plant reservoir opening from the top side;
at least one detachable seed and/or plant casing is inserted into an opening in the seed and/or plant capsule top cover;
the seed and/or plant capsule is configured to facilitate at least two consecutive casing deployments from same top cover opening; and
the roots of the plant within the casing grows into the interior space of the capsule through at least one opening in the casing abutting walls inside the capsule. 2. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the plant roots within the casing are severed upon rotating the casing about a vertical axis of the casing. 3. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the casing is made of bio-degradable material. 4. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the casing has an identifier tag to authenticate the casing before joining it to the cultivator network of devices. 5. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein at least one of a drip head or mister inside the capsule distributes fluid to at least one plant root. 6. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the capsule employs at least one connector preventing fluid dripping out of the capsule upon removal from the magazine. 7. The plant cultivation system of claim 1, wherein upon removal of the capsule from the magazine, at least one fluid connector prevents inflow and/or backflow into the magazine capsule reservoir. 8. A detachable plant seed and/or plant capsule comprising:
at least one of a cover, a casing opening in the cover, a nutrient and/or sprinkler/mister opening in the cover, and a fluid connector, wherein:
a seed and/or plant casing is inserted into an interior of the capsule from at least one top cover opening;
nutrient and/or pest-control solid/fluid material transferred inside at least one opening in the top cover of the capsule;
at least one irrigation drip head or mister can be placed in the nutrient and/or pest-control opening at the top of the capsule; and
at least one fluid connector is coupled to the capsule. 9. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the connector prevents fluid dripping upon removal from the magazine. 10. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the roots of at least one detachable casing inserted into the capsule grow into the interior of the capsule. 11. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 10, wherein the roots of the detachable casing are severed upon rotating the casing about its vertical axis. 12. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the capsule can be configured to grow plants employing hydroponic, aeroponic, and/or other plant growth medium. 13. The seed and/or plant capsule of claim 8, wherein the casing material is biodegradable. 14. A plant cultivation system comprising:
at least one of a linear magazine structure, a seed and/or capsule, a camera, AI code and a processor, wherein:
at least one detachable seed and/or plant capsule is inserted into the magazine structure seed and/or plant capsule reservoir opening from the top;
at least one camera is coupled to the bottom side of the magazine structure with the camera's aperture facing toward at least one capsule below;
the camera transmits data to the cultivation system processor;
the processor employs AI code; and
the processor receiving data from the camera is configured to recognize identifier tags on at least one of a casing, a capsule, and/or a magazine. 15. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data on plant growth stage of the capsule. 16. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data that identifies and reports anomalies in the health of the plant leaves. 17. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to measure ambient light. 18. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data to observe and alert when pests invade a plant. 19. The plant cultivation system of claim 14, wherein the camera AI code is configured to provide the processor data to observe and alert when a plant needs to be pollinated. 20. A method using a camera with a linear plant retaining magazine, the method comprising:
coupling the camera to the linear plant retaining magazine at a camera aperture facing toward at least one capsule; sending real-time data from the camera to a cultivation system processor, wherein the processor employs AI code; and utilizing the AI code, providing optimal growing condition to each casing or each casing and/or capsule of the magazine. | 3,700 |
344,047 | 16,803,532 | 3,773 | A double disk dermal device for administration of one or more active agents to the skin or mucosa of a host, in particular a patch is described including: a) active reservoir film layer; b) a backing overlay adjacent to the active reservoir film layer extending beyond the perimeter of the reservoir layer in all directions; c) second overlay backing layer with a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive which is adjacent to the first backing overlay extending beyond the perimeter of the first backing overlay in all directions; and d) a removable release liner. A method of making the device is also provided. | 1. A dermal device for administration of one or more active agents to the skin or mucosa, the device comprising:
a disk, comprising a reservoir layer comprising
a film layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is opposite the second surface and the film layer is comprised of a material that brings structural integrity to the reservoir layer; and
a first adhesive layer on the first surface of the film layer and a second adhesive layer on the second surface of the film layer, wherein the film layer is embedded between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer;
a backing overlay adjacent to the disk extending beyond the perimeter of the disk; and a removable release liner. 2. A process for preparing a dermal device, the process comprising the steps of:
fixing a first layer to a first release liner; placing a second material adjacent to the first layer to form an active inner reservoir layer, wherein the second material brings structural integrity to the active inner reservoir layer; winding the exposed side of the active inner reservoir layer on a second release liner to form a dual release liner unit; kiss-cutting the active inner reservoir layer into suitable size patches; and laminating a backing layer extending beyond the perimeter of the active inner reservoir layer on the exposed side of the active inner reservoir layer, wherein the process is performed using a continuous manufacturing process. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of the same release coating chemistry. 4. The process of claim 2, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of different release coating chemistry. 5. The process of claim 2, wherein the second material is a porous mesh film. 6. The process of claim 2, wherein the porous mesh film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, cellulose, acrylate, glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, mixed cellulose ester, and mixtures thereof. 7. The process of claim 2, wherein the second material is a nonporous film. 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the nonporous film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of degradable and non-degradable polymer materials. 9. The process of claim 8, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of spunbound polyester fabrics, polyethylene, poly-caprolactone, polysaccharide based polymers, celluloses, biopolyesters, polylactides, polyesteramides, aliphatic or aromatic copolyesters, gums, chitosan, starches and mixtures thereof. 10. The process of claim 2, further comprising fixing a second layer to the second material, wherein the second material is located between the first layer and the second layer. 11. The process of claim 2, wherein the step of fixing a first layer to a first release liner comprises coating a wet adhesive film on the first release liner. 12. A process for preparing a dermal device, the process comprising the steps of:
coating a wet adhesive film on a first release liner; drying the wet adhesive film on the first release liner to form an active inner reservoir layer; laminating the active inner reservoir layer with a first backing film layer coated with an adhesive tie layer that brings structural integrity to the waste rewind; winding the exposed side of the adhesive tie layer on a second release liner to form a dual release liner unit; removing the second release liner to expose one side of the adhesive tie layer; kiss-cutting the laminated active inner reservoir layer into suitable size patches; laminating a second backing layer extending beyond the perimeter of the active inner reservoir layer on the exposed side of the adhesive tie layer; and laminating the second backing layer with an outer disk adhesive layer, wherein the process is performed using a continuous manufacturing process. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of the same release coating chemistry. 14. The process of claim 12, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of different release coating chemistry. | A double disk dermal device for administration of one or more active agents to the skin or mucosa of a host, in particular a patch is described including: a) active reservoir film layer; b) a backing overlay adjacent to the active reservoir film layer extending beyond the perimeter of the reservoir layer in all directions; c) second overlay backing layer with a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive which is adjacent to the first backing overlay extending beyond the perimeter of the first backing overlay in all directions; and d) a removable release liner. A method of making the device is also provided.1. A dermal device for administration of one or more active agents to the skin or mucosa, the device comprising:
a disk, comprising a reservoir layer comprising
a film layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is opposite the second surface and the film layer is comprised of a material that brings structural integrity to the reservoir layer; and
a first adhesive layer on the first surface of the film layer and a second adhesive layer on the second surface of the film layer, wherein the film layer is embedded between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer;
a backing overlay adjacent to the disk extending beyond the perimeter of the disk; and a removable release liner. 2. A process for preparing a dermal device, the process comprising the steps of:
fixing a first layer to a first release liner; placing a second material adjacent to the first layer to form an active inner reservoir layer, wherein the second material brings structural integrity to the active inner reservoir layer; winding the exposed side of the active inner reservoir layer on a second release liner to form a dual release liner unit; kiss-cutting the active inner reservoir layer into suitable size patches; and laminating a backing layer extending beyond the perimeter of the active inner reservoir layer on the exposed side of the active inner reservoir layer, wherein the process is performed using a continuous manufacturing process. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of the same release coating chemistry. 4. The process of claim 2, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of different release coating chemistry. 5. The process of claim 2, wherein the second material is a porous mesh film. 6. The process of claim 2, wherein the porous mesh film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, cellulose, acrylate, glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, mixed cellulose ester, and mixtures thereof. 7. The process of claim 2, wherein the second material is a nonporous film. 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the nonporous film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of degradable and non-degradable polymer materials. 9. The process of claim 8, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of spunbound polyester fabrics, polyethylene, poly-caprolactone, polysaccharide based polymers, celluloses, biopolyesters, polylactides, polyesteramides, aliphatic or aromatic copolyesters, gums, chitosan, starches and mixtures thereof. 10. The process of claim 2, further comprising fixing a second layer to the second material, wherein the second material is located between the first layer and the second layer. 11. The process of claim 2, wherein the step of fixing a first layer to a first release liner comprises coating a wet adhesive film on the first release liner. 12. A process for preparing a dermal device, the process comprising the steps of:
coating a wet adhesive film on a first release liner; drying the wet adhesive film on the first release liner to form an active inner reservoir layer; laminating the active inner reservoir layer with a first backing film layer coated with an adhesive tie layer that brings structural integrity to the waste rewind; winding the exposed side of the adhesive tie layer on a second release liner to form a dual release liner unit; removing the second release liner to expose one side of the adhesive tie layer; kiss-cutting the laminated active inner reservoir layer into suitable size patches; laminating a second backing layer extending beyond the perimeter of the active inner reservoir layer on the exposed side of the adhesive tie layer; and laminating the second backing layer with an outer disk adhesive layer, wherein the process is performed using a continuous manufacturing process. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of the same release coating chemistry. 14. The process of claim 12, wherein the first release liner and the second release liner are comprised of different release coating chemistry. | 3,700 |
344,048 | 16,803,513 | 3,773 | The projection has a first width at the radially inner free end thereof or at the radially outer free end thereof and has a second width at the opposite end thereof at the transition to the annular section. | 1. A gear rim carrier part (10) for a two-component or multi-component gearwheel (46, 50), wherein
the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the outside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially inwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially inner free end (18), or
the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the inside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially outwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially outer free end (46),
the projection (16) has a first width (a) at the radially inner free end (18) thereof or at the radially outer free end (46) thereof and has a second width (b) at the opposite end thereof at the transition to the annular section (12), the first width (a) is smaller than the second width (b), the projection (16) broadens continuously or continuously in sections from the first width (a) to the second width (b), and a number of protrusions (24) extending substantially along the axis of rotation (D) are arranged on the projection (16). 2. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that a number of first protrusions (24 1) and a number of second protrusions (24 2) are arranged on the projection (16), wherein the first protrusions (24 1) proceed from a first axial surface (20) of the projection (16) and the second protrusions (24 2) proceed from a second axial surface (22) of the projection (16). 3. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the first protrusions (24 1) and the second protrusions (24 2) are arranged offset relative to one another in the circumferential direction. 4. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that a number of radially inner protrusions (38) and a number of radially outer protrusions (40) proceed from the first axial surface (20) and/or from the second axial surface (22). 5. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that two or more extensions (36) extending substantially along the axis of rotation (D) are arranged within the protrusions (24). 6. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have a trapezoidal cross section. 7. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have an end face (26) and/or a further end face (34) which extends parallel to a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D). 8. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that
the first axial surface (20) and/or the second axial surface (22) form an axial surface angle (α) with a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D), and the protrusions (24) each have at least one end face (26) which forms an end face angle (β) with a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D), and the end face angle (β) is greater than or equal to the axial surface angle (α). 9. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 8,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have a further end face (34) which
extends parallel to a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D) or
which forms a further end face angle (γ) with a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D). 10. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have an outer radial surface (30) and an inner radial surface (28), wherein the outer radial surface (30) and/or the inner radial surface (28) extend parallel to the axis of rotation (D). 11. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) merge with a curved transition surface (32) into the projection (16). 12. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the axial surfaces (20, 22), the end faces (26), the further end faces (34), the outer radial surfaces (30) and/or the inner radial surfaces (28) are curved. 13. A two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50), comprising
a gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1, and a connecting part (49) which is connected in a form-fitting manner to the gear rim carrier part (10), wherein the connecting part (49) surrounds the projection (16). 14. The two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the two-component or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) is designed as a spur gear (52), wherein the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the outside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially inwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially inner free end (18). 15. The two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) comprises an insert part (54) which is connected to the connecting part (49) and is surrounded by the connecting part (49). 16. The two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the two-component or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) is designed as a ring gear (44), wherein the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the inside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially outwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially outer free end (46). | The projection has a first width at the radially inner free end thereof or at the radially outer free end thereof and has a second width at the opposite end thereof at the transition to the annular section.1. A gear rim carrier part (10) for a two-component or multi-component gearwheel (46, 50), wherein
the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the outside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially inwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially inner free end (18), or
the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the inside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially outwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially outer free end (46),
the projection (16) has a first width (a) at the radially inner free end (18) thereof or at the radially outer free end (46) thereof and has a second width (b) at the opposite end thereof at the transition to the annular section (12), the first width (a) is smaller than the second width (b), the projection (16) broadens continuously or continuously in sections from the first width (a) to the second width (b), and a number of protrusions (24) extending substantially along the axis of rotation (D) are arranged on the projection (16). 2. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that a number of first protrusions (24 1) and a number of second protrusions (24 2) are arranged on the projection (16), wherein the first protrusions (24 1) proceed from a first axial surface (20) of the projection (16) and the second protrusions (24 2) proceed from a second axial surface (22) of the projection (16). 3. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the first protrusions (24 1) and the second protrusions (24 2) are arranged offset relative to one another in the circumferential direction. 4. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that a number of radially inner protrusions (38) and a number of radially outer protrusions (40) proceed from the first axial surface (20) and/or from the second axial surface (22). 5. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that two or more extensions (36) extending substantially along the axis of rotation (D) are arranged within the protrusions (24). 6. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have a trapezoidal cross section. 7. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have an end face (26) and/or a further end face (34) which extends parallel to a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D). 8. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that
the first axial surface (20) and/or the second axial surface (22) form an axial surface angle (α) with a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D), and the protrusions (24) each have at least one end face (26) which forms an end face angle (β) with a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D), and the end face angle (β) is greater than or equal to the axial surface angle (α). 9. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 8,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have a further end face (34) which
extends parallel to a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D) or
which forms a further end face angle (γ) with a plane (E) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D). 10. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) have an outer radial surface (30) and an inner radial surface (28), wherein the outer radial surface (30) and/or the inner radial surface (28) extend parallel to the axis of rotation (D). 11. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the protrusions (24) merge with a curved transition surface (32) into the projection (16). 12. The gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 2,
characterized in that the axial surfaces (20, 22), the end faces (26), the further end faces (34), the outer radial surfaces (30) and/or the inner radial surfaces (28) are curved. 13. A two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50), comprising
a gear rim carrier part (10) according to claim 1, and a connecting part (49) which is connected in a form-fitting manner to the gear rim carrier part (10), wherein the connecting part (49) surrounds the projection (16). 14. The two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the two-component or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) is designed as a spur gear (52), wherein the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the outside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially inwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially inner free end (18). 15. The two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) comprises an insert part (54) which is connected to the connecting part (49) and is surrounded by the connecting part (49). 16. The two- or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the two-component or multi-component gearwheel (42, 50) is designed as a ring gear (44), wherein the gear rim carrier part (10) comprises
an annular section (12) which revolves around an axis of rotation (D) in the circumferential direction,
a gear rim (14) arranged radially on the inside of the annular section (12), and
a projection (16) which extends radially outwards from the annular section (12) and has a radially outer free end (46). | 3,700 |
344,049 | 16,803,500 | 2,641 | A device operatively couples a tractor ABS controller with TABS controllers in units towed by the tractor. A PLC interface circuit of the device communicates messages received from a PLC network of the towed units to a CAN network of the tractor via a CAN interface circuit. The device may also rebroadcast messages received from the PLC network back onto the PLC network, and may also wirelessly broadcast messages received from the PLC network back onto a wireless network. The device receives messages from the towed units at a message rate, determines a quantity of towed units from the message rate, and communicates the determined quantity of towed units on the CAN network of the tractor. The device receives messages indicating towed unit identification (ID) information, determines a quantity of towed units from the towed unit ID information, and communicates the determined quantity of towed units on the CAN network. | 1. An interface device operatively coupling an associated first control and communication network of one or more towed units of an associated combination vehicle with an associated second control and communication network of an associated towing vehicle of the associated combination vehicle towing the one or more towed units, the interface device comprising:
a first interface circuit operatively coupled with the first control and communication network of the one or more towed units, the first interface circuit receiving a first towed unit message from one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via the first control and communication network, the first towed unit message comprising first towed unit message data representative of a first towed unit status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers disposed in the one or more towed units; a second interface circuit operatively coupled with the second control and communication network of the towing vehicle, wherein the second control and communication network is different than the first control and communication network; a processor operatively coupled with the first and second interface circuits; a memory device operatively coupled with the processor; and logic stored in the memory device, the logic being executable by the processor to:
convert the first towed unit message data of the first towed unit message to a converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 2. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit comprises a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the second interface circuit comprises a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a CAN bus of the associated towing vehicle. 3. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit comprises a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the second interface circuit comprises a wireless communication network interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a wireless communication network. 4. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
control the first interface circuit to re-transmit the first towed unit message comprising the first towed unit message data on the first control and communication network of the associated one or more towed units. 5. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit operates to receive a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network at a first message rate; and the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
determine, from the first message rate, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 6. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit operates to receive a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises identification (ID) data representative of a unique identification of the one or more towed units; and the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
determine, from the identification (ID) data representative of the unique identification of one or more towed units, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 7. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit operates to receive a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises health status data representative of a health status of a one or the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units; and the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
determine, from the health status data of the plurality of first towed unit messages, an overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units;
generate overall health status data representative of the determined overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units quantity of towed units;
convert the overall health status data to an overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 8. A method of interfacing an associated first control and communication network of one or more towed units of an associated combination vehicle with an associated second control and communication network of an associated towing vehicle of the associated combination vehicle towing the one or more towed units, the method comprising:
receiving by a first interface circuit operatively coupled with the first control and communication network of the one or more towed units a first towed unit message from one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via the first control and communication network, the first towed unit message comprising first towed unit message data representative of a first towed unit status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers disposed in the one or more towed units; converting the first towed unit message data of the first towed unit message to a converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network; transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network to a second interface circuit operatively coupled with the second control and communication network of the towing vehicle, wherein the second control and communication network is different than the first control and communication network; and transmitting by the second interface circuit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the receiving the first towed unit message comprises receiving the first towed unit message by a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network comprises transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network by a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a CAN bus of the associated towing vehicle. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the receiving the first towed unit message comprises receiving the first towed unit message by a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network comprises transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network by a wireless communication network interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a wireless communication network. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
retransmitting the first towed unit message comprising the first towed unit message data on the first control and communication network of the associated one or more towed units. 12. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network at a first message rate; and executing logic stored in a memory device of an interface device by a processor to:
determine, from the first message rate, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises identification (ID) data representative of a unique identification of the one or more towed units; and executing logic stored in a memory device of an interface device by a processor to:
determine, from the identification (ID) data representative of the unique identification of one or more towed units, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 14. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises health status data representative of a health status of a one or the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units; and executing logic stored in a memory device of an interface device by a processor to:
determine, from the health status data of the plurality of first towed unit messages, an overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units;
generate overall health status data representative of the determined overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units quantity of towed units;
convert the overall health status data to an overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. | A device operatively couples a tractor ABS controller with TABS controllers in units towed by the tractor. A PLC interface circuit of the device communicates messages received from a PLC network of the towed units to a CAN network of the tractor via a CAN interface circuit. The device may also rebroadcast messages received from the PLC network back onto the PLC network, and may also wirelessly broadcast messages received from the PLC network back onto a wireless network. The device receives messages from the towed units at a message rate, determines a quantity of towed units from the message rate, and communicates the determined quantity of towed units on the CAN network of the tractor. The device receives messages indicating towed unit identification (ID) information, determines a quantity of towed units from the towed unit ID information, and communicates the determined quantity of towed units on the CAN network.1. An interface device operatively coupling an associated first control and communication network of one or more towed units of an associated combination vehicle with an associated second control and communication network of an associated towing vehicle of the associated combination vehicle towing the one or more towed units, the interface device comprising:
a first interface circuit operatively coupled with the first control and communication network of the one or more towed units, the first interface circuit receiving a first towed unit message from one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via the first control and communication network, the first towed unit message comprising first towed unit message data representative of a first towed unit status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers disposed in the one or more towed units; a second interface circuit operatively coupled with the second control and communication network of the towing vehicle, wherein the second control and communication network is different than the first control and communication network; a processor operatively coupled with the first and second interface circuits; a memory device operatively coupled with the processor; and logic stored in the memory device, the logic being executable by the processor to:
convert the first towed unit message data of the first towed unit message to a converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 2. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit comprises a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the second interface circuit comprises a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a CAN bus of the associated towing vehicle. 3. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit comprises a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the second interface circuit comprises a wireless communication network interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a wireless communication network. 4. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
control the first interface circuit to re-transmit the first towed unit message comprising the first towed unit message data on the first control and communication network of the associated one or more towed units. 5. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit operates to receive a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network at a first message rate; and the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
determine, from the first message rate, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 6. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit operates to receive a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises identification (ID) data representative of a unique identification of the one or more towed units; and the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
determine, from the identification (ID) data representative of the unique identification of one or more towed units, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 7. The interface device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first interface circuit operates to receive a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises health status data representative of a health status of a one or the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units; and the logic stored in the memory device is executable by the processor to:
determine, from the health status data of the plurality of first towed unit messages, an overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units;
generate overall health status data representative of the determined overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units quantity of towed units;
convert the overall health status data to an overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 8. A method of interfacing an associated first control and communication network of one or more towed units of an associated combination vehicle with an associated second control and communication network of an associated towing vehicle of the associated combination vehicle towing the one or more towed units, the method comprising:
receiving by a first interface circuit operatively coupled with the first control and communication network of the one or more towed units a first towed unit message from one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via the first control and communication network, the first towed unit message comprising first towed unit message data representative of a first towed unit status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers disposed in the one or more towed units; converting the first towed unit message data of the first towed unit message to a converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network; transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network to a second interface circuit operatively coupled with the second control and communication network of the towing vehicle, wherein the second control and communication network is different than the first control and communication network; and transmitting by the second interface circuit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the receiving the first towed unit message comprises receiving the first towed unit message by a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network comprises transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network by a Controller Area Network (CAN) interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a CAN bus of the associated towing vehicle. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the receiving the first towed unit message comprises receiving the first towed unit message by a Power Line Communication (PLC) interface circuit configured to receive the first towed unit message from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units via an associated PLC control and communication network of the one or more towed units; and the transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network comprises transmitting the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network by a wireless communication network interface circuit configured to transmit the converted towed unit message compatible with the second control and communication network on a wireless communication network. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
retransmitting the first towed unit message comprising the first towed unit message data on the first control and communication network of the associated one or more towed units. 12. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network at a first message rate; and executing logic stored in a memory device of an interface device by a processor to:
determine, from the first message rate, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises identification (ID) data representative of a unique identification of the one or more towed units; and executing logic stored in a memory device of an interface device by a processor to:
determine, from the identification (ID) data representative of the unique identification of one or more towed units, a quantity of towed units of the one or more towed units;
generate towed unit quantity data representative of the determined quantity of towed units;
convert the towed unit quantity data to a towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the towed unit quantity message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. 14. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of first towed unit messages from the one or more associated towed unit controllers of the one or more towed units the via the first control and communication network, wherein each of the plurality of first towed unit messages comprises health status data representative of a health status of a one or the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units; and executing logic stored in a memory device of an interface device by a processor to:
determine, from the health status data of the plurality of first towed unit messages, an overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units;
generate overall health status data representative of the determined overall health status of the one or more associated towed unit controllers of one or more towed units quantity of towed units;
convert the overall health status data to an overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network;
transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network to the second interface circuit; and
control the second interface circuit to transmit the overall health status message compatible with the second control and communication network on the second control and communication network of the associated towing vehicle. | 2,600 |
344,050 | 16,803,508 | 2,641 | Described herein are methods for using remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP-CVD) and sputtering deposition to grow layers for light emitting devices. A method includes growing a light emitting device structure on a growth substrate, and growing a tunnel junction on the light emitting device structure using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition. The tunnel junction includes a p++ layer in direct contact with a p-type region, where the p++ layer is grown by using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition. Another method for growing a device includes growing a p-type region over a growth substrate using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition, and growing further layers over the p-type region. Another method for growing a device includes growing a light emitting region and an n-type region using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition over a p-type region. | 1. A method for growing a device, the method comprising:
growing a device structure on a growth substrate using a non-RP-CVD and non-sputtering deposition process, the device structure including a n-type region and a p-type region stacked together; and growing at least a portion of a layer of a tunnel junction on the device structure by using at least one of remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP-CVD) and sputtering deposition in a gaseous environment comprising one or more of a nitrogen-containing gas and a hydrogen-containing gas. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein growing the tunnel junction further comprises:
directly contacting a p++ layer with the p-type region, wherein the p++ layer is more heavily doped than the p-type region; and contacting a n++ layer with the p++ layer, wherein the portion of the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer; the device structure and tunnel junction comprising a III-nitride material. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the n++ layer is grown by the at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in an environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the p++ layer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein
growing the device structure further comprises:
growing the n-type region, the layer of the tunnel junction, and the p-type region by metal organic chemical vapor deposition;
annealing the n-type region, the III-nitride layer, and the p-type region; and
growing at least a portion of the layer of the tunnel junction further comprises:
after said annealing, growing the p++ layer on the p-type region, wherein the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the tunnel junction further comprises an additional layer disposed between the p++ layer and the n++ layer, the additional layer having a different composition from the p++ layer and the n++ layer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein growing the device structure further comprises:
growing the n-type region, and a first portion of the p-type region by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); annealing the n-type region, and the first portion of the p-type region; and after said annealing, growing a second portion of the p-type region by at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in at least a reduced hydrogen environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the first portion of the p-type region and the second portion of the p-type region. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first metal contact in direct contact with the n-type region and a second metal contact in direct contact with the n-type contact layer. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
growing a second device structure on the tunnel junction. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein growing the tunnel junction further comprises:
directly contacting a p++ layer with the p-type region, wherein the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer and the p++ layer is more heavily doped than the p-type region, at least a portion of the p++ layer grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); annealing at least the portion of the p++ layer; and directly contacting a n++ layer with the p++ layer, the n++ layer grown by at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in an environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the p++ layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a light emitting device and the device structure includes a light emitting region between the n-type region and the p-type region. 11. A method for growing a device, the method comprising:
growing a device structure on a growth substrate using a MOCVD process, the device structure including a n-type region, and a p-type region stacked together; and growing at least a portion of a layer of a tunnel junction on the device structure by using at least one of remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP-CVD) and sputtering deposition in a gaseous environment comprising one or more of a nitrogen-containing gas and a hydrogen-containing gas that does not cause inoperability of at least the p-type region. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein growing the tunnel junction further comprises:
directly contacting a p++ layer with the p-type region, wherein the p++ layer is more heavily doped than the p-type region; and contacting a n++ layer with the p++ layer, wherein the portion of the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer, the device structure and tunnel junction comprising a III-nitride material. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
growing the device structure further comprises:
annealing the n-type region, the III-nitride layer, and the p-type region; and
growing at least a portion of the layer of the tunnel junction further comprises:
after said annealing, growing the p++ layer on the p-type region, wherein the layer is the p++ layer. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the tunnel junction further comprises an additional layer disposed between the p++ layer and the n++ layer, the additional layer having a different composition from the p++ layer and the n++ layer. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein growing the device structure further comprising:
annealing the n-type region, the region, and the first portion of the p-type region; and after said annealing, growing a second portion of the p-type region by at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in an environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the first portion of the p-type region and the second portion of the p-type region. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the device is a light emitting device and the device structure includes a light emitting region between the n-type region and the p-type region. | Described herein are methods for using remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP-CVD) and sputtering deposition to grow layers for light emitting devices. A method includes growing a light emitting device structure on a growth substrate, and growing a tunnel junction on the light emitting device structure using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition. The tunnel junction includes a p++ layer in direct contact with a p-type region, where the p++ layer is grown by using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition. Another method for growing a device includes growing a p-type region over a growth substrate using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition, and growing further layers over the p-type region. Another method for growing a device includes growing a light emitting region and an n-type region using at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition over a p-type region.1. A method for growing a device, the method comprising:
growing a device structure on a growth substrate using a non-RP-CVD and non-sputtering deposition process, the device structure including a n-type region and a p-type region stacked together; and growing at least a portion of a layer of a tunnel junction on the device structure by using at least one of remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP-CVD) and sputtering deposition in a gaseous environment comprising one or more of a nitrogen-containing gas and a hydrogen-containing gas. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein growing the tunnel junction further comprises:
directly contacting a p++ layer with the p-type region, wherein the p++ layer is more heavily doped than the p-type region; and contacting a n++ layer with the p++ layer, wherein the portion of the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer; the device structure and tunnel junction comprising a III-nitride material. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the n++ layer is grown by the at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in an environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the p++ layer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein
growing the device structure further comprises:
growing the n-type region, the layer of the tunnel junction, and the p-type region by metal organic chemical vapor deposition;
annealing the n-type region, the III-nitride layer, and the p-type region; and
growing at least a portion of the layer of the tunnel junction further comprises:
after said annealing, growing the p++ layer on the p-type region, wherein the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the tunnel junction further comprises an additional layer disposed between the p++ layer and the n++ layer, the additional layer having a different composition from the p++ layer and the n++ layer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein growing the device structure further comprises:
growing the n-type region, and a first portion of the p-type region by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); annealing the n-type region, and the first portion of the p-type region; and after said annealing, growing a second portion of the p-type region by at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in at least a reduced hydrogen environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the first portion of the p-type region and the second portion of the p-type region. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first metal contact in direct contact with the n-type region and a second metal contact in direct contact with the n-type contact layer. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
growing a second device structure on the tunnel junction. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein growing the tunnel junction further comprises:
directly contacting a p++ layer with the p-type region, wherein the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer and the p++ layer is more heavily doped than the p-type region, at least a portion of the p++ layer grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); annealing at least the portion of the p++ layer; and directly contacting a n++ layer with the p++ layer, the n++ layer grown by at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in an environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the p++ layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a light emitting device and the device structure includes a light emitting region between the n-type region and the p-type region. 11. A method for growing a device, the method comprising:
growing a device structure on a growth substrate using a MOCVD process, the device structure including a n-type region, and a p-type region stacked together; and growing at least a portion of a layer of a tunnel junction on the device structure by using at least one of remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RP-CVD) and sputtering deposition in a gaseous environment comprising one or more of a nitrogen-containing gas and a hydrogen-containing gas that does not cause inoperability of at least the p-type region. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein growing the tunnel junction further comprises:
directly contacting a p++ layer with the p-type region, wherein the p++ layer is more heavily doped than the p-type region; and contacting a n++ layer with the p++ layer, wherein the portion of the layer of the tunnel junction is the p++ layer, the device structure and tunnel junction comprising a III-nitride material. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
growing the device structure further comprises:
annealing the n-type region, the III-nitride layer, and the p-type region; and
growing at least a portion of the layer of the tunnel junction further comprises:
after said annealing, growing the p++ layer on the p-type region, wherein the layer is the p++ layer. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the tunnel junction further comprises an additional layer disposed between the p++ layer and the n++ layer, the additional layer having a different composition from the p++ layer and the n++ layer. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein growing the device structure further comprising:
annealing the n-type region, the region, and the first portion of the p-type region; and after said annealing, growing a second portion of the p-type region by at least one of RP-CVD and sputtering deposition in an environment that does not cause inoperability of at least the first portion of the p-type region and the second portion of the p-type region. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the device is a light emitting device and the device structure includes a light emitting region between the n-type region and the p-type region. | 2,600 |
344,051 | 16,803,538 | 2,641 | A lawn mower includes a cutter blade that cuts grass, a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage that discharges grass clippings cut by the cutler blade from the housing, a grass clippings container that contain grass clippings, and an opening degree adjust valve. The grass clippings discharge passage includes an upstream opening connected to the housing, and a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion. The opening degree adjust valve is provided at the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and adjusts an opening degree of the downstream opening. | 1. A lawn mower comprising:
a power source; a rotation shaft configured to be rotated by power of the power source; a cutter blade configured to be rotated by the rotation shaft so as to cut grass; a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage configured to discharge grass clippings cut by the cutter blade from the housing; a grass clippings container detachably attached to the body portion and configured to contain grass clippings; and an opening degree adjust valve, wherein the grass clippings discharge passage includes:
an upstream opening connected to the housing; and
a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion,
wherein the grass clippings container is provided to cover the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and configured to contain grass clippings ejected from the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage, and wherein the opening degree adjust valve is provided at the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and is configured to adjust an opening degree of the downstream opening. 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the opening degree adjust valve is driven by operation of an operator. 3. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a wheel, wherein the opening degree adjust valve is configured to be driven while interlocking with rotation of the wheel. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the opening degree adjust valve includes a flap configured to rotate in a substantially horizontal direction, and wherein the flap is configured to rotate to adjust the opening degree of the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and an ejecting direction of grass clippings from the downstream opening in the substantially horizontal direction. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 4,
wherein the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage is provided on one end side in a left-right direction of a rear surface of the body portion, and wherein the flap is configured to rotate in the substantially horizontal direction about a flap rotation shaft provided on a side surface of the one end side of the grass clippings discharge passage, the flap rotation shaft extending in an upper-lower direction. | A lawn mower includes a cutter blade that cuts grass, a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage that discharges grass clippings cut by the cutler blade from the housing, a grass clippings container that contain grass clippings, and an opening degree adjust valve. The grass clippings discharge passage includes an upstream opening connected to the housing, and a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion. The opening degree adjust valve is provided at the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and adjusts an opening degree of the downstream opening.1. A lawn mower comprising:
a power source; a rotation shaft configured to be rotated by power of the power source; a cutter blade configured to be rotated by the rotation shaft so as to cut grass; a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage configured to discharge grass clippings cut by the cutter blade from the housing; a grass clippings container detachably attached to the body portion and configured to contain grass clippings; and an opening degree adjust valve, wherein the grass clippings discharge passage includes:
an upstream opening connected to the housing; and
a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion,
wherein the grass clippings container is provided to cover the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and configured to contain grass clippings ejected from the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage, and wherein the opening degree adjust valve is provided at the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and is configured to adjust an opening degree of the downstream opening. 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the opening degree adjust valve is driven by operation of an operator. 3. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a wheel, wherein the opening degree adjust valve is configured to be driven while interlocking with rotation of the wheel. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the opening degree adjust valve includes a flap configured to rotate in a substantially horizontal direction, and wherein the flap is configured to rotate to adjust the opening degree of the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and an ejecting direction of grass clippings from the downstream opening in the substantially horizontal direction. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 4,
wherein the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage is provided on one end side in a left-right direction of a rear surface of the body portion, and wherein the flap is configured to rotate in the substantially horizontal direction about a flap rotation shaft provided on a side surface of the one end side of the grass clippings discharge passage, the flap rotation shaft extending in an upper-lower direction. | 2,600 |
344,052 | 16,803,524 | 2,812 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode. A method of manufacturing the semiconductor device includes selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device including a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode,
the method comprising: selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer include nickel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gold layer is formed by an electroless plating method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the second metal layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming an additional gold layer continuously on the gold layer after replacing the second metal layer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the additional gold layer is formed by the electroless plating method. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the device further includes an insulating layer at the front surface side of the semiconductor part, the insulating layer covering a periphery of the electrode; and the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the gold layer are formed on an exposed region of the electrode surrounded by the insulating layer. 8. A method of laminating metal, the method comprising:
forming a metal layer on an underlying layer, the metal layer including nickel; forming an intermediate layer on the metal layer, the intermediate layer covering the metal layer, the intermediate layer including palladium; forming a substitution layer on the intermediate layer, the substitution layer covering the intermediate layer, the substitution layer including nickel; and forming a gold layer on the intermediate layer by replacing the nickel in the substitution layer with gold using an electroless plating method. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed by replacing the substitution layer, the gold layer being in contact with the intermediate layer. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed to have a thickness in a stacking direction of the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer, the thickness of the gold layer being thicker than a thickness of the substitution layer in the stacking direction. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode. A method of manufacturing the semiconductor device includes selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device including a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode,
the method comprising: selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer include nickel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gold layer is formed by an electroless plating method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the second metal layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming an additional gold layer continuously on the gold layer after replacing the second metal layer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the additional gold layer is formed by the electroless plating method. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the device further includes an insulating layer at the front surface side of the semiconductor part, the insulating layer covering a periphery of the electrode; and the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the gold layer are formed on an exposed region of the electrode surrounded by the insulating layer. 8. A method of laminating metal, the method comprising:
forming a metal layer on an underlying layer, the metal layer including nickel; forming an intermediate layer on the metal layer, the intermediate layer covering the metal layer, the intermediate layer including palladium; forming a substitution layer on the intermediate layer, the substitution layer covering the intermediate layer, the substitution layer including nickel; and forming a gold layer on the intermediate layer by replacing the nickel in the substitution layer with gold using an electroless plating method. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed by replacing the substitution layer, the gold layer being in contact with the intermediate layer. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed to have a thickness in a stacking direction of the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer, the thickness of the gold layer being thicker than a thickness of the substitution layer in the stacking direction. | 2,800 |
344,053 | 16,803,525 | 2,812 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode. A method of manufacturing the semiconductor device includes selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer. | 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device including a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode,
the method comprising: selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer include nickel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gold layer is formed by an electroless plating method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the second metal layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming an additional gold layer continuously on the gold layer after replacing the second metal layer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the additional gold layer is formed by the electroless plating method. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the device further includes an insulating layer at the front surface side of the semiconductor part, the insulating layer covering a periphery of the electrode; and the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the gold layer are formed on an exposed region of the electrode surrounded by the insulating layer. 8. A method of laminating metal, the method comprising:
forming a metal layer on an underlying layer, the metal layer including nickel; forming an intermediate layer on the metal layer, the intermediate layer covering the metal layer, the intermediate layer including palladium; forming a substitution layer on the intermediate layer, the substitution layer covering the intermediate layer, the substitution layer including nickel; and forming a gold layer on the intermediate layer by replacing the nickel in the substitution layer with gold using an electroless plating method. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed by replacing the substitution layer, the gold layer being in contact with the intermediate layer. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed to have a thickness in a stacking direction of the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer, the thickness of the gold layer being thicker than a thickness of the substitution layer in the stacking direction. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode. A method of manufacturing the semiconductor device includes selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer.1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device including a semiconductor part; an electrode selectively provided on the semiconductor part, the electrode being electrically connected to the semiconductor part; and multiple metal layers provided on the electrode,
the method comprising: selectively forming a first metal layer on the electrode; forming a palladium layer on the first metal layer, the palladium layer covering the first metal layer; forming a second metal layer on the palladium layer, the second metal layer covering the palladium layer; and forming a gold layer directly on the palladium layer by replacing the second metal layer with the gold layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer include nickel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gold layer is formed by an electroless plating method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the second metal layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming an additional gold layer continuously on the gold layer after replacing the second metal layer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the additional gold layer is formed by the electroless plating method. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the device further includes an insulating layer at the front surface side of the semiconductor part, the insulating layer covering a periphery of the electrode; and the first metal layer, the palladium layer and the gold layer are formed on an exposed region of the electrode surrounded by the insulating layer. 8. A method of laminating metal, the method comprising:
forming a metal layer on an underlying layer, the metal layer including nickel; forming an intermediate layer on the metal layer, the intermediate layer covering the metal layer, the intermediate layer including palladium; forming a substitution layer on the intermediate layer, the substitution layer covering the intermediate layer, the substitution layer including nickel; and forming a gold layer on the intermediate layer by replacing the nickel in the substitution layer with gold using an electroless plating method. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer are formed by the electroless plating method. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed by replacing the substitution layer, the gold layer being in contact with the intermediate layer. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gold layer is formed to have a thickness in a stacking direction of the metal layer, the intermediate layer and the substitution layer, the thickness of the gold layer being thicker than a thickness of the substitution layer in the stacking direction. | 2,800 |
344,054 | 16,803,519 | 1,721 | A multijunction solar cell assembly and its method of manufacture including interconnected first and second discrete semiconductor body subassemblies disposed adjacent and parallel to each other, each semiconductor body subassembly including first top subcell, second (and possibly third) lattice matched middle subcells; a graded interlayer adjacent to the last middle solar subcell; and a bottom solar subcell adjacent to said graded interlayer being lattice mismatched with respect to the last middle solar subcell; wherein the interconnected subassemblies form at least a four junction solar cell by a series connection being formed between the bottom solar subcell in the first semiconductor body and the bottom solar subcell in the second semiconductor body. | 1. A multijunction solar cell assembly having a terminal of a first polarity and a terminal of a second polarity comprising:
(a) a first semiconductor body including:
an upper first solar subcell (A1) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof,
a second solar subcell (B1) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A1);
a third solar subcell (C1) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B1);
an interlayer adjacent to said third solar subcell (C1), said interlayer having a fourth band gap or band gaps greater than said third band gap; and
a fourth solar subcell (D1) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap and being lattice mismatched with the third solar subcell (C1), and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof,
(b) a second semiconductor body disposed adjacent and parallel to the first semiconductor body and including:
an upper first solar subcell (A2) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof,
a second solar subcell (B2) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A2);
a third solar subcell (C2) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B2) and having a bottom contact;
an interlayer adjacent to said third solar subcell (C2), said interlayer having a fourth band gap greater than said third band gap; and
a fourth solar subcell (D2) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap and being lattice mismatched with the third solar subcell (C2), and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof connected to the terminal of a second polarity;
(c) wherein the top contact of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the top contact of the second semiconductor body and to a terminal of first polarity;
wherein the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the bottom contact of the third solar subcell (C2) of the second semiconductor body;
the second contact on the bottom surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D2) of the second semiconductor body thereof so as to form a five junction solar cell;
and wherein the interlayer in each of the first and second semiconductor bodies is compositionally graded to substantially lattice match the third solar subcell (C1, C2) on one side and the lower fourth solar subcell (D1, D2) on the other side, and is composed of any of the As, P, N, Sb based III-V compound semiconductors subject to the constraints of having the in-plane lattice parameter less than or equal to that of the third solar subcell (C1, C2) and greater than or equal to that of the lower fourth solar subcell (D1, D2). 2. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the short circuit density of each fourth subcell (D1, D2) being at least twice that of the solar subcells in each semiconductor body which are connected in a series with the fourth subcell (D1, D2). 3. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the fourth subcell (D1, D2) has a band gap of approximately 0.67 eV, the third subcell (C1, C2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.41 eV and 1.31 eV, the second subcell (B1, B2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.65 to 1.8 eV and the upper first subcell (A1, A2) has a band gap in the range of 2.0 to 2.20 eV. 4. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the upper first subcell (A1, A2) is composed of indium gallium aluminum phosphide;
the second solar subcell (B1, B2) includes an emitter layer composed of indium gallium phosphide or aluminum gallium arsenide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide, and a base layer composed of aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide phosphide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide; the third solar subcell (C1, C2) is composed of indium gallium arsenide; the fourth subcell (D1, D2) is composed of germanium. 5. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the interlayer is composed of p type (Al)InxGa1-xAs or InxGa1-xP with 0<x<1, and (Al) designates that aluminum is an optional constituent. 6. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the first and second semiconductor bodies further comprise a first highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the fourth solar subcell (D1) and a blocking p-n diode or insulating layer disposed adjacent to and above the first highly doped lateral conduction layer, and a second highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the blocking p-n diode or insulating layer. 7. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 3, wherein the third subcell (C1, C2) has a band gap of approximately 1.37 eV, the second subcell (B1, B2) has a band gap of approximately 1.73 eV and the upper first subcell (A1, A2) has a band gap of approximately 2.10 eV. 8. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the band gap of the interlayer is in the range of 1.41 eV to 1.6 eV throughout its thickness. 9. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
a distributed Bragg reflector layer adjacent to and between the third (C1, C2) and the fourth (D1, D2) solar subcells and arranged so that light can enter and pass through the third solar subcell (C1, C2) and at least a portion of which can be reflected back into the third solar subcell (C1, C2) by the distributed Bragg reflector layer, and the distributed Bragg reflector layer is composed of a plurality of alternating layers of lattice matched materials with discontinuities in their respective indices of refraction and the difference in refractive indices between alternating layers is maximized in order to minimize the number of periods required to achieve a given reflectivity, and the thickness and refractive index of each period determines the stop band and its limiting wavelength, and wherein the distributed Bragg reflector layer includes a first distributed Bragg reflector layer composed of a plurality of p type AlxGa1-x(In)As layers, and a second distributed Bragg reflector layer disposed over the first distributed Bragg reflector layer and composed of a plurality of n type or p type AlyGa1-y(In)As layers, where 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and y is greater than x, and (In) designates that indium is an optional constituent. 10. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) and third middle (C1, C2) subcells are approximately 11 mA/cm2, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the bottom subcell (D1, D2) is approximately 34 mA/cm2. 11. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein at least the base of at least one of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) or third (C1, C2) solar subcells has a graded doping. 12. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 6 comprising:
a first opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a top surface of the semiconductor body to the first lateral conduction layer;
a second opening in the first semiconductor body extending from the top surface of the semiconductor body to the second lateral conduction layer; and
a third opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a surface of the first semiconductor body to the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1), a first metallic contact pad disposed on the first lateral conduction layer of each of the first and second semiconductor bodies;
a second metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the first semiconductor body; and
an electrical interconnect connecting the first and second contact pads, a third metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the second semiconductor body;
a fourth metallic contact pad disposed on the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body; and
an electrical interconnect connecting the third and fourth contact pads. 13. A multijunction solar cell assembly having a terminal of a first polarity and a terminal of a second polarity comprising:
(a) a first semiconductor body including:
an upper first solar subcell (A1) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof;
a second solar subcell (B1) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A1);
a third solar subcell (C1) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B1);
a fourth solar subcell (D1) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap, and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof;
(b) a second semiconductor body disposed adjacent and parallel to the first semiconductor body and including:
an upper first solar subcell (A2) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof;
a second solar subcell (B2) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A2);
a third solar subcell (C2) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B2) and having a bottom contact;
a fourth solar subcell (D2) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap, and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof connected to the terminal of a second polarity;
(c) wherein the top contact of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the top contact of the second semiconductor body and to a terminal of first polarity;
wherein the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the bottom contact of the third solar subcell (C2) of the second semiconductor body;
the second contact on the bottom surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D2) of the second semiconductor body thereof so as to form a five junction solar cell;
wherein the first and second semiconductor bodies further comprise a first highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the fourth solar subcell (D1) and a blocking p-n diode or insulating layer disposed adjacent to and above the first highly doped lateral conduction layer, and a second highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the blocking p-n diode or insulating layer. 14. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the fourth subcell (D1, D2) has a band gap of approximately 0.67 eV, the third subcell (C1, C2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.41 eV and 1.31 eV, the second subcell (B1, B2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.65 to 1.8 eV and the upper first subcell (A1, A2) has a band gap in the range of 2.0 to 2.20 eV. 15. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 13, wherein the upper first subcell (A1, A2) is composed of indium gallium aluminum phosphide;
the second solar subcell (B1, B2) includes an emitter layer composed of indium gallium phosphide or aluminum gallium arsenide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide, and a base layer composed of aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide phosphide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide; the third solar subcell (C1, C2) is composed of indium gallium arsenide; and the fourth subcell (D1, D2) is composed of germanium. 16. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, further comprising:
a distributed Bragg reflector layer adjacent to and between the third (C1, C2) and the fourth (D1, D2) solar subcells are arranged so that light can enter and pass through the third solar subcell (C1, C2) and at least a portion of which can be reflected back into the third solar subcell (C1, C2) by the distributed Bragg reflector layer, and the distributed Bragg reflector layer is composed of a plurality of alternating layers of lattice matched materials with discontinuities in their respective indices of refraction and the difference in refractive indices between alternating layers is maximized in order to minimize the number of periods required to achieve a given reflectivity, and the thickness and refractive index of each period determines the stop band and its limiting wavelength, and wherein the distributed Bragg reflector layer includes a first distributed Bragg reflector layer disposed over the first distributed Bragg reflector layer and composed of a plurality of n type or p type AlyGa1-y(In)As layers, where 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and y is greater than x, and (In) designates that indium is an optional constituent. 17. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, wherein the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) and third middle (C1, C2) subcells are approximately 11 mA/cm2, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the bottom subcell (D1, D2) is approximately 34 mA/cm2. 18. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, wherein at least the base of at least one of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) or third (C1, C2) solar subcells has a graded doping. 19. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, comprising:
a first opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a top surface of the semiconductor body to the first lateral conduction layer; a second opening in the first semiconductor body extending from the top surface of the semiconductor body to the second lateral conduction layer; a second opening in the first semiconductor body extending from the top surface of the semiconductor body to the second lateral conduction layer; and a third opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a surface of the first semiconductor body to the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1), a first metallic contact pad disposed on the first lateral conduction layer of each of the first and second semiconductor bodies; a second metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the first semiconductor body; and an electrical interconnect connecting the first and second contact pads, a third metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the second semiconductor body; a fourth metallic contact pad disposed on the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body; and an electrical interconnect connecting the third and fourth contact pads. 20. A multijunction solar cell assembly including a terminal of first polarity and a terminal of second polarity comprising:
first and second semiconductor bodies including substantially identical tandem vertical stacks of at least an upper first and a bottom second solar subcell lattice mismatched to the upper first solar subcell in which the second semiconductor body is mounted adjacent and parallel to the first semiconductor body; a bottom contact on the bottom second subcell of the second semiconductor body connected to the terminal of second polarity; a top electric contact on both the upper first subcells of the first and second semiconductor bodies electrically connected to the top electrical contacts to the terminal of first polarity; and an electrical interconnect connecting the bottom second subcell of the first semiconductor body in a series electrical circuit with the bottom second subcell of the second semiconductor body so that at least a three junction solar cell is formed by the electrically interconnected semiconductor bodies; wherein the first and second semiconductor bodies further comprise a first highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the bottom second solar subcell and a blocking p-n diode or insulating layer disposed adjacent to and above the first highly doped lateral conduction layer, and a second highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the blocking p-n diode or insulating layer. | A multijunction solar cell assembly and its method of manufacture including interconnected first and second discrete semiconductor body subassemblies disposed adjacent and parallel to each other, each semiconductor body subassembly including first top subcell, second (and possibly third) lattice matched middle subcells; a graded interlayer adjacent to the last middle solar subcell; and a bottom solar subcell adjacent to said graded interlayer being lattice mismatched with respect to the last middle solar subcell; wherein the interconnected subassemblies form at least a four junction solar cell by a series connection being formed between the bottom solar subcell in the first semiconductor body and the bottom solar subcell in the second semiconductor body.1. A multijunction solar cell assembly having a terminal of a first polarity and a terminal of a second polarity comprising:
(a) a first semiconductor body including:
an upper first solar subcell (A1) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof,
a second solar subcell (B1) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A1);
a third solar subcell (C1) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B1);
an interlayer adjacent to said third solar subcell (C1), said interlayer having a fourth band gap or band gaps greater than said third band gap; and
a fourth solar subcell (D1) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap and being lattice mismatched with the third solar subcell (C1), and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof,
(b) a second semiconductor body disposed adjacent and parallel to the first semiconductor body and including:
an upper first solar subcell (A2) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof,
a second solar subcell (B2) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A2);
a third solar subcell (C2) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B2) and having a bottom contact;
an interlayer adjacent to said third solar subcell (C2), said interlayer having a fourth band gap greater than said third band gap; and
a fourth solar subcell (D2) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap and being lattice mismatched with the third solar subcell (C2), and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof connected to the terminal of a second polarity;
(c) wherein the top contact of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the top contact of the second semiconductor body and to a terminal of first polarity;
wherein the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the bottom contact of the third solar subcell (C2) of the second semiconductor body;
the second contact on the bottom surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D2) of the second semiconductor body thereof so as to form a five junction solar cell;
and wherein the interlayer in each of the first and second semiconductor bodies is compositionally graded to substantially lattice match the third solar subcell (C1, C2) on one side and the lower fourth solar subcell (D1, D2) on the other side, and is composed of any of the As, P, N, Sb based III-V compound semiconductors subject to the constraints of having the in-plane lattice parameter less than or equal to that of the third solar subcell (C1, C2) and greater than or equal to that of the lower fourth solar subcell (D1, D2). 2. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the short circuit density of each fourth subcell (D1, D2) being at least twice that of the solar subcells in each semiconductor body which are connected in a series with the fourth subcell (D1, D2). 3. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the fourth subcell (D1, D2) has a band gap of approximately 0.67 eV, the third subcell (C1, C2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.41 eV and 1.31 eV, the second subcell (B1, B2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.65 to 1.8 eV and the upper first subcell (A1, A2) has a band gap in the range of 2.0 to 2.20 eV. 4. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the upper first subcell (A1, A2) is composed of indium gallium aluminum phosphide;
the second solar subcell (B1, B2) includes an emitter layer composed of indium gallium phosphide or aluminum gallium arsenide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide, and a base layer composed of aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide phosphide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide; the third solar subcell (C1, C2) is composed of indium gallium arsenide; the fourth subcell (D1, D2) is composed of germanium. 5. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the interlayer is composed of p type (Al)InxGa1-xAs or InxGa1-xP with 0<x<1, and (Al) designates that aluminum is an optional constituent. 6. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the first and second semiconductor bodies further comprise a first highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the fourth solar subcell (D1) and a blocking p-n diode or insulating layer disposed adjacent to and above the first highly doped lateral conduction layer, and a second highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the blocking p-n diode or insulating layer. 7. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 3, wherein the third subcell (C1, C2) has a band gap of approximately 1.37 eV, the second subcell (B1, B2) has a band gap of approximately 1.73 eV and the upper first subcell (A1, A2) has a band gap of approximately 2.10 eV. 8. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the band gap of the interlayer is in the range of 1.41 eV to 1.6 eV throughout its thickness. 9. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
a distributed Bragg reflector layer adjacent to and between the third (C1, C2) and the fourth (D1, D2) solar subcells and arranged so that light can enter and pass through the third solar subcell (C1, C2) and at least a portion of which can be reflected back into the third solar subcell (C1, C2) by the distributed Bragg reflector layer, and the distributed Bragg reflector layer is composed of a plurality of alternating layers of lattice matched materials with discontinuities in their respective indices of refraction and the difference in refractive indices between alternating layers is maximized in order to minimize the number of periods required to achieve a given reflectivity, and the thickness and refractive index of each period determines the stop band and its limiting wavelength, and wherein the distributed Bragg reflector layer includes a first distributed Bragg reflector layer composed of a plurality of p type AlxGa1-x(In)As layers, and a second distributed Bragg reflector layer disposed over the first distributed Bragg reflector layer and composed of a plurality of n type or p type AlyGa1-y(In)As layers, where 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and y is greater than x, and (In) designates that indium is an optional constituent. 10. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 2, wherein the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) and third middle (C1, C2) subcells are approximately 11 mA/cm2, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the bottom subcell (D1, D2) is approximately 34 mA/cm2. 11. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein at least the base of at least one of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) or third (C1, C2) solar subcells has a graded doping. 12. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 6 comprising:
a first opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a top surface of the semiconductor body to the first lateral conduction layer;
a second opening in the first semiconductor body extending from the top surface of the semiconductor body to the second lateral conduction layer; and
a third opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a surface of the first semiconductor body to the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1), a first metallic contact pad disposed on the first lateral conduction layer of each of the first and second semiconductor bodies;
a second metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the first semiconductor body; and
an electrical interconnect connecting the first and second contact pads, a third metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the second semiconductor body;
a fourth metallic contact pad disposed on the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body; and
an electrical interconnect connecting the third and fourth contact pads. 13. A multijunction solar cell assembly having a terminal of a first polarity and a terminal of a second polarity comprising:
(a) a first semiconductor body including:
an upper first solar subcell (A1) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof;
a second solar subcell (B1) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A1);
a third solar subcell (C1) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B1) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B1);
a fourth solar subcell (D1) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap, and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof;
(b) a second semiconductor body disposed adjacent and parallel to the first semiconductor body and including:
an upper first solar subcell (A2) composed of a semiconductor material having a first band gap, and including a top contact on the top surface thereof;
a second solar subcell (B2) adjacent to said first solar subcell (A2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a second band gap smaller than the first band gap and being lattice matched with the upper first solar subcell (A2);
a third solar subcell (C2) adjacent to said second solar subcell (B2) and composed of a semiconductor material having a third band gap smaller than the second band gap and being lattice matched with the second solar subcell (B2) and having a bottom contact;
a fourth solar subcell (D2) adjacent to said interlayer and composed of a semiconductor material having a fifth band gap smaller than the fourth band gap, and including a first contact on the top surface thereof, and a second contact on the bottom surface thereof connected to the terminal of a second polarity;
(c) wherein the top contact of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the top contact of the second semiconductor body and to a terminal of first polarity;
wherein the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the bottom contact of the third solar subcell (C2) of the second semiconductor body;
the second contact on the bottom surface of the fourth solar subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body is electrically coupled with the first contact on the top surface of the fourth solar subcell (D2) of the second semiconductor body thereof so as to form a five junction solar cell;
wherein the first and second semiconductor bodies further comprise a first highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the fourth solar subcell (D1) and a blocking p-n diode or insulating layer disposed adjacent to and above the first highly doped lateral conduction layer, and a second highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the blocking p-n diode or insulating layer. 14. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the fourth subcell (D1, D2) has a band gap of approximately 0.67 eV, the third subcell (C1, C2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.41 eV and 1.31 eV, the second subcell (B1, B2) has a band gap in the range of approximately 1.65 to 1.8 eV and the upper first subcell (A1, A2) has a band gap in the range of 2.0 to 2.20 eV. 15. A multijunction solar cell as defined in claim 13, wherein the upper first subcell (A1, A2) is composed of indium gallium aluminum phosphide;
the second solar subcell (B1, B2) includes an emitter layer composed of indium gallium phosphide or aluminum gallium arsenide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide, and a base layer composed of aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide phosphide or indium aluminum gallium arsenide; the third solar subcell (C1, C2) is composed of indium gallium arsenide; and the fourth subcell (D1, D2) is composed of germanium. 16. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, further comprising:
a distributed Bragg reflector layer adjacent to and between the third (C1, C2) and the fourth (D1, D2) solar subcells are arranged so that light can enter and pass through the third solar subcell (C1, C2) and at least a portion of which can be reflected back into the third solar subcell (C1, C2) by the distributed Bragg reflector layer, and the distributed Bragg reflector layer is composed of a plurality of alternating layers of lattice matched materials with discontinuities in their respective indices of refraction and the difference in refractive indices between alternating layers is maximized in order to minimize the number of periods required to achieve a given reflectivity, and the thickness and refractive index of each period determines the stop band and its limiting wavelength, and wherein the distributed Bragg reflector layer includes a first distributed Bragg reflector layer disposed over the first distributed Bragg reflector layer and composed of a plurality of n type or p type AlyGa1-y(In)As layers, where 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and y is greater than x, and (In) designates that indium is an optional constituent. 17. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, wherein the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) and third middle (C1, C2) subcells are approximately 11 mA/cm2, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) of the bottom subcell (D1, D2) is approximately 34 mA/cm2. 18. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, wherein at least the base of at least one of the first (A1, A2), second (B1, B2) or third (C1, C2) solar subcells has a graded doping. 19. A multijunction solar cell assembly as defined in claim 13, comprising:
a first opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a top surface of the semiconductor body to the first lateral conduction layer; a second opening in the first semiconductor body extending from the top surface of the semiconductor body to the second lateral conduction layer; a second opening in the first semiconductor body extending from the top surface of the semiconductor body to the second lateral conduction layer; and a third opening in the first semiconductor body extending from a surface of the first semiconductor body to the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1), a first metallic contact pad disposed on the first lateral conduction layer of each of the first and second semiconductor bodies; a second metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the first semiconductor body; and an electrical interconnect connecting the first and second contact pads, a third metallic contact pad disposed on the second lateral conduction layer of the second semiconductor body; a fourth metallic contact pad disposed on the p-type semiconductor material of the bottom subcell (D1) of the first semiconductor body; and an electrical interconnect connecting the third and fourth contact pads. 20. A multijunction solar cell assembly including a terminal of first polarity and a terminal of second polarity comprising:
first and second semiconductor bodies including substantially identical tandem vertical stacks of at least an upper first and a bottom second solar subcell lattice mismatched to the upper first solar subcell in which the second semiconductor body is mounted adjacent and parallel to the first semiconductor body; a bottom contact on the bottom second subcell of the second semiconductor body connected to the terminal of second polarity; a top electric contact on both the upper first subcells of the first and second semiconductor bodies electrically connected to the top electrical contacts to the terminal of first polarity; and an electrical interconnect connecting the bottom second subcell of the first semiconductor body in a series electrical circuit with the bottom second subcell of the second semiconductor body so that at least a three junction solar cell is formed by the electrically interconnected semiconductor bodies; wherein the first and second semiconductor bodies further comprise a first highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the bottom second solar subcell and a blocking p-n diode or insulating layer disposed adjacent to and above the first highly doped lateral conduction layer, and a second highly doped lateral conduction layer disposed adjacent to and above the blocking p-n diode or insulating layer. | 1,700 |
344,055 | 16,803,511 | 1,721 | The invention relates to a composite material for shielding electromagnetic radiation, a raw material for additive manufacturing methods and a product comprising the material as well as a method of manufacturing the product. The composite material according to the invention can serve as a material protecting electronic elements, electronic devices or living organisms from electromagnetic radiation in the microwave and terahertz range (0.3-10000 GHz). | 1. A composite material for shielding electromagnetic radiation, comprising:
88-99.88 wt % of a thermoplastic, electrically non-conductive polymer; 0.1-10 wt % of a nanocarbon material in form of flakes having a diameter to thickness ratio higher than 3, the thickness of the flakes not exceeding 30 nm and the diameter being of 100 to 5000 nm, 0.01-1 wt % of nanoparticles introducing a loss unrelated to electrical conductivity in a given frequency range, i.e. unrelated to the dispersion of an electromagnetic wave on free carriers, 0.01-1 wt % of an auxiliary material which allows to control the dispersion of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and/or which can change the properties of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles, 2. The material according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (PU), terpolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), a polyester such as, in particular, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), polyamide (PA), terpolymer of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic (ASA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), modified poly(phenylene ether) (MPPE), LSZH, a derivative of one of said polymers or a combination thereof. 3. The material according to claim 1, wherein the nanocarbon material is selected from flake graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, modified flake graphene, nanographite or a combination thereof. 4. The material according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are dielectric particles having a ferromagnetic resonance frequency (adequate to the band for which attenuation is to be significant) and/or an anisotropy coefficient of magnetic and/or electrical permittivity, and/or a dielectric loss for an alternating electromagnetic field (EM) resulting from the polarisation of components constituting the particle. 5. The material according to claim 4, wherein the nanoparticles are selected from nanoparticles of silicon carbide (SiC), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), Fe—BN, ferrite-based nanoparticles, preferably having hexagonal structure, containing cobalt or barium, or strontium, preferably CoFe2O4, BaFe12O19, SrFe12O19, Ba3Me2Fe24O41, Ba3Sr2Fe24O41, Ba2Co2Fe12O22, BaCo2Fe16O27, Ba2Co2Fe28O46, Ba4Co2Fe36O61), iron-based nanoparticles, preferably Fe—Cr, Fe—Ni, Fe—Si, Fe—Co nanoparticles, or combinations thereof. 6. The material according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary material is a graphene-functionalising compound, including a plasticiser, an antioxidant, a hardener, or a combination thereof. 7. The material according to claim 6, wherein the plasticiser is an organic oil, an alcohol, an anhydride or a combination thereof. 8. The material according to claim 6, wherein the antioxidant is a natural antioxidant, preferably a carotenoid, a flavonoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, phenols or combinations thereof. 9. A raw material for additive methods of manufacturing elements for shielding electromagnetic radiation, characterised in that it comprises the material defined in claim 1, preferably in the form of a granulate, a filament or a tape. 10. A product for shielding electromagnetic radiation, characterised in that it comprises the material defined in claim 1. 11. A method for obtaining the product according to claim 10, characterised in that it comprises the steps of:
(i) mixing
88-99.88 wt % of a thermoplastic, electrically non-conductive polymer, preferably in form of grains having a size not larger than 1 mm,
0.1-10 wt % of a nanocarbon material in form of flakes having a diameter to thickness ratio higher than 3, the thickness of the flakes not exceeding 30 nm and the diameter being of 100 to 5000 nm,
0.01-1 wt % of nanoparticles introducing a loss unrelated to electrical conductivity,
0.01-1 wt % of an auxiliary material which allows to control the dispersion of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and/or which can change the properties of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles;
(ii) injecting the molten mixture into a mould defining the product shape; (iii) hardening the material to obtain the finished product. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the mixing step (i) is carried out by dry mechanical mixing at room temperature. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the mixing step (i) is carried out by mechanical mixing at a temperature above the polymer flow temperature. | The invention relates to a composite material for shielding electromagnetic radiation, a raw material for additive manufacturing methods and a product comprising the material as well as a method of manufacturing the product. The composite material according to the invention can serve as a material protecting electronic elements, electronic devices or living organisms from electromagnetic radiation in the microwave and terahertz range (0.3-10000 GHz).1. A composite material for shielding electromagnetic radiation, comprising:
88-99.88 wt % of a thermoplastic, electrically non-conductive polymer; 0.1-10 wt % of a nanocarbon material in form of flakes having a diameter to thickness ratio higher than 3, the thickness of the flakes not exceeding 30 nm and the diameter being of 100 to 5000 nm, 0.01-1 wt % of nanoparticles introducing a loss unrelated to electrical conductivity in a given frequency range, i.e. unrelated to the dispersion of an electromagnetic wave on free carriers, 0.01-1 wt % of an auxiliary material which allows to control the dispersion of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and/or which can change the properties of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles, 2. The material according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (PU), terpolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), a polyester such as, in particular, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), polyamide (PA), terpolymer of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic (ASA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), modified poly(phenylene ether) (MPPE), LSZH, a derivative of one of said polymers or a combination thereof. 3. The material according to claim 1, wherein the nanocarbon material is selected from flake graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, modified flake graphene, nanographite or a combination thereof. 4. The material according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are dielectric particles having a ferromagnetic resonance frequency (adequate to the band for which attenuation is to be significant) and/or an anisotropy coefficient of magnetic and/or electrical permittivity, and/or a dielectric loss for an alternating electromagnetic field (EM) resulting from the polarisation of components constituting the particle. 5. The material according to claim 4, wherein the nanoparticles are selected from nanoparticles of silicon carbide (SiC), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), Fe—BN, ferrite-based nanoparticles, preferably having hexagonal structure, containing cobalt or barium, or strontium, preferably CoFe2O4, BaFe12O19, SrFe12O19, Ba3Me2Fe24O41, Ba3Sr2Fe24O41, Ba2Co2Fe12O22, BaCo2Fe16O27, Ba2Co2Fe28O46, Ba4Co2Fe36O61), iron-based nanoparticles, preferably Fe—Cr, Fe—Ni, Fe—Si, Fe—Co nanoparticles, or combinations thereof. 6. The material according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary material is a graphene-functionalising compound, including a plasticiser, an antioxidant, a hardener, or a combination thereof. 7. The material according to claim 6, wherein the plasticiser is an organic oil, an alcohol, an anhydride or a combination thereof. 8. The material according to claim 6, wherein the antioxidant is a natural antioxidant, preferably a carotenoid, a flavonoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, phenols or combinations thereof. 9. A raw material for additive methods of manufacturing elements for shielding electromagnetic radiation, characterised in that it comprises the material defined in claim 1, preferably in the form of a granulate, a filament or a tape. 10. A product for shielding electromagnetic radiation, characterised in that it comprises the material defined in claim 1. 11. A method for obtaining the product according to claim 10, characterised in that it comprises the steps of:
(i) mixing
88-99.88 wt % of a thermoplastic, electrically non-conductive polymer, preferably in form of grains having a size not larger than 1 mm,
0.1-10 wt % of a nanocarbon material in form of flakes having a diameter to thickness ratio higher than 3, the thickness of the flakes not exceeding 30 nm and the diameter being of 100 to 5000 nm,
0.01-1 wt % of nanoparticles introducing a loss unrelated to electrical conductivity,
0.01-1 wt % of an auxiliary material which allows to control the dispersion of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and/or which can change the properties of the nanocarbon material and the nanoparticles;
(ii) injecting the molten mixture into a mould defining the product shape; (iii) hardening the material to obtain the finished product. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the mixing step (i) is carried out by dry mechanical mixing at room temperature. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the mixing step (i) is carried out by mechanical mixing at a temperature above the polymer flow temperature. | 1,700 |
344,056 | 16,803,504 | 1,721 | The present invention relates to electrode arrays that find use for rapid ablation of a target area of tissue in an organ and in particular to use of the electrode arrays to resect organs to coagulate tissue so that resection can be performed with minimal loss of blood. The target area may include a bulk area of tissue (such as a tumor) or organ (such as a kidney) or a defined target area within a tissue or organ (such as a linear strip, curved strip, cylindrical area, or other shape). | 1. An ablation apparatus comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) power source, a first set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the first set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source a second set of two or more electrodes having a tissue piercing distal portions, the second set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source wherein the first and second set of electrodes are oriented so that when alternating current power is applied to either the first or second set of electrodes a current flows from that set of electrodes to the other of the first and second set of electrodes. 2. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrodes are needle-shaped. 3. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second set of electrodes each comprise from 2 to 10 electrodes. 4. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder. 5. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes are positioned in the electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array and the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array and wherein the first and second linear arrays are substantially parallel. 6. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes are positioned in the electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array and the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array and wherein the first and second linear arrays have angle therebetween of from 10 to 170 degrees. 7. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes each comprise three or more electrodes and sets of electrodes is positioned in the electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially curved array and the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially curved array. 8. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes each comprise three or more electrodes and the sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array and the second set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array. 9. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least a third set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the third set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source. 10. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array, the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is in a third substantially linear array and wherein the first, second and third linear arrays are substantially parallel. 11. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array, the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is in a third substantially linear array and wherein the first and second linear arrays have angle therebetween of from 10 to 170 degrees and the second and third linear arrays have angle therebetween of from 10 to 170 degrees. 12. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes each comprise three or more electrodes and the sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first curved array, the second set of electrodes is in a second curved array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is in a third linear array and wherein the first, second and third linear arrays are substantially parallel. 13. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes and the sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array, the second set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array. 14. The ablation apparatus claim 9, wherein the RF power comprises a switching circuit to allow sequential switching of current flow between the at least three sets of electrodes. 15. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sets of electrodes are movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position. 16. The ablation apparatus of claim 15, wherein the sets of electrodes movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position are arranged in hollow tube so that the sets of electrodes are collapsed when in the tube and expand when moved outside the tube. 17. The ablation apparatus of claim 15, wherein the hollow tube is a trocar. 18. The ablation apparatus of claim 16, wherein the hollow tube is a stent that is insertable into a luminal space in the body of a subject. 19. An ablation apparatus comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) power source; a first set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the first set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source; a second set of two or more electrodes having a tissue piercing distal portions, the second set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source; and a hollow tube, wherein the sets of electrode movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position and are arranged in the hollow tube so that the sets of electrodes are collapsed when in the tube and expand when moved to a position outside of the tube. 20. A method of tissue ablation comprising:
providing a radio frequency (RF) power source, a first set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the first set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source, and a second set of two or more electrodes having a tissue piercing distal portions, the second set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source; inserting said first and second set of electrodes into a tissue to be ablated; applying alternating current power via said RF power source so that a current flows from that set electrodes to the other of the first and second set of electrodes thereby creating a zone of ablated tissue. | The present invention relates to electrode arrays that find use for rapid ablation of a target area of tissue in an organ and in particular to use of the electrode arrays to resect organs to coagulate tissue so that resection can be performed with minimal loss of blood. The target area may include a bulk area of tissue (such as a tumor) or organ (such as a kidney) or a defined target area within a tissue or organ (such as a linear strip, curved strip, cylindrical area, or other shape).1. An ablation apparatus comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) power source, a first set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the first set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source a second set of two or more electrodes having a tissue piercing distal portions, the second set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source wherein the first and second set of electrodes are oriented so that when alternating current power is applied to either the first or second set of electrodes a current flows from that set of electrodes to the other of the first and second set of electrodes. 2. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrodes are needle-shaped. 3. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second set of electrodes each comprise from 2 to 10 electrodes. 4. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder. 5. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes are positioned in the electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array and the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array and wherein the first and second linear arrays are substantially parallel. 6. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes are positioned in the electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array and the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array and wherein the first and second linear arrays have angle therebetween of from 10 to 170 degrees. 7. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes each comprise three or more electrodes and sets of electrodes is positioned in the electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially curved array and the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially curved array. 8. The ablation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes each comprise three or more electrodes and the sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array and the second set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array. 9. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least a third set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the third set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source. 10. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array, the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is in a third substantially linear array and wherein the first, second and third linear arrays are substantially parallel. 11. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first substantially linear array, the second set of electrodes is in a second substantially linear array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is in a third substantially linear array and wherein the first and second linear arrays have angle therebetween of from 10 to 170 degrees and the second and third linear arrays have angle therebetween of from 10 to 170 degrees. 12. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes each comprise three or more electrodes and the sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is in a first curved array, the second set of electrodes is in a second curved array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is in a third linear array and wherein the first, second and third linear arrays are substantially parallel. 13. The ablation apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first set of electrodes, second set of electrodes and at least a third set of electrodes and the sets of electrodes are positioned in an electrically insulated holder so that the first set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array, the second set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array, and the at least a third set of electrodes is arranged in a non-linear array where one or more of the electrodes is offset from the other electrodes in the array. 14. The ablation apparatus claim 9, wherein the RF power comprises a switching circuit to allow sequential switching of current flow between the at least three sets of electrodes. 15. The ablation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sets of electrodes are movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position. 16. The ablation apparatus of claim 15, wherein the sets of electrodes movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position are arranged in hollow tube so that the sets of electrodes are collapsed when in the tube and expand when moved outside the tube. 17. The ablation apparatus of claim 15, wherein the hollow tube is a trocar. 18. The ablation apparatus of claim 16, wherein the hollow tube is a stent that is insertable into a luminal space in the body of a subject. 19. An ablation apparatus comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) power source; a first set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the first set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source; a second set of two or more electrodes having a tissue piercing distal portions, the second set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source; and a hollow tube, wherein the sets of electrode movable between a collapsed position and an expanded position and are arranged in the hollow tube so that the sets of electrodes are collapsed when in the tube and expand when moved to a position outside of the tube. 20. A method of tissue ablation comprising:
providing a radio frequency (RF) power source, a first set of two or more electrodes having tissue piercing distal portions, the first set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source, and a second set of two or more electrodes having a tissue piercing distal portions, the second set of electrodes electrically connected via the RF power source; inserting said first and second set of electrodes into a tissue to be ablated; applying alternating current power via said RF power source so that a current flows from that set electrodes to the other of the first and second set of electrodes thereby creating a zone of ablated tissue. | 1,700 |
344,057 | 16,803,505 | 1,721 | A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, whereby incident radiation is detected separately in several discrete spectral ranges, the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges is converted into further processable electrical signals, and the signals are evaluated together. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft is configured to perform such a method. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, the method comprising:
separately recording the incident radiation in several discrete spectral ranges; converting the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges into further processable electrical signals; and evaluating the electrical signals together. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
detecting the incident radiation in at least one narrowband and/or in at least one broadband spectral range. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
tuning the at least one narrowband spectral range to a specific laser frequency. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one narrowband spectral range is tuned to a wavelength of at least one of 532 nm, 1055 nm, 1064 nm, 1070 nm, 1315 nm or 1550 nm. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
tuning the at least one broadband spectral range so that it covers the optical spectrum. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one broadband spectral range is tuned to cover a wavelength range from approximately 400 nm to approximately 1700 nm. 25. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of:
centrally inputting the electrical signals; processing the electrical signals; preparing the electrical signals; or making the electrical signals available. 26. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of:
marking the measurement times using a synchronization signal; or making the measurement times available using a synchronization signal. 27. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
adapting a measuring rate for characterizing a pulsed laser radiation. 28. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
separately compensation-filtering the incident radiation in the spectral ranges. 29. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
imaging the incident radiation in the spectral ranges on a plurality of pixels of a pixel matrix detector. 30. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of:
detecting a pulsed laser radiation using an asynchronous laser pulse detection; or detecting continuous laser radiation in an imaging mode. 31. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
distinguishing space-specific stray light sources. 32. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
regulating a thermal household with the help of radiators. 33. The method of claim 19, wherein the incident radiation is separated in the spectral ranges using a beam splitter module so the incident radiation can be separately detected. 34. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, wherein the device is configured to performing a method according to claim 19. 35. The device of claim 34, comprising:
a single optical module with a beam splitter module configured to separate the incident radiation into the spectral ranges; at least one optical sensor for each spectral range; and a single evaluation device configured for the joint evaluation of the electrical signals. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the beam splitter module comprises a first beam splitter and two second beam splitters. | A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, whereby incident radiation is detected separately in several discrete spectral ranges, the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges is converted into further processable electrical signals, and the signals are evaluated together. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft is configured to perform such a method.1-18. (canceled) 19. A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, the method comprising:
separately recording the incident radiation in several discrete spectral ranges; converting the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges into further processable electrical signals; and evaluating the electrical signals together. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
detecting the incident radiation in at least one narrowband and/or in at least one broadband spectral range. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
tuning the at least one narrowband spectral range to a specific laser frequency. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one narrowband spectral range is tuned to a wavelength of at least one of 532 nm, 1055 nm, 1064 nm, 1070 nm, 1315 nm or 1550 nm. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
tuning the at least one broadband spectral range so that it covers the optical spectrum. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one broadband spectral range is tuned to cover a wavelength range from approximately 400 nm to approximately 1700 nm. 25. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of:
centrally inputting the electrical signals; processing the electrical signals; preparing the electrical signals; or making the electrical signals available. 26. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of:
marking the measurement times using a synchronization signal; or making the measurement times available using a synchronization signal. 27. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
adapting a measuring rate for characterizing a pulsed laser radiation. 28. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
separately compensation-filtering the incident radiation in the spectral ranges. 29. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
imaging the incident radiation in the spectral ranges on a plurality of pixels of a pixel matrix detector. 30. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of:
detecting a pulsed laser radiation using an asynchronous laser pulse detection; or detecting continuous laser radiation in an imaging mode. 31. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
distinguishing space-specific stray light sources. 32. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
regulating a thermal household with the help of radiators. 33. The method of claim 19, wherein the incident radiation is separated in the spectral ranges using a beam splitter module so the incident radiation can be separately detected. 34. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, wherein the device is configured to performing a method according to claim 19. 35. The device of claim 34, comprising:
a single optical module with a beam splitter module configured to separate the incident radiation into the spectral ranges; at least one optical sensor for each spectral range; and a single evaluation device configured for the joint evaluation of the electrical signals. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the beam splitter module comprises a first beam splitter and two second beam splitters. | 1,700 |
344,058 | 16,803,497 | 2,817 | A semiconductor device includes a first gate structure extending along a first lateral direction. The semiconductor device includes a first interconnect structure, disposed above the first gate structure, that extends along a second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction. The first interconnect structure includes a first portion and a second portion electrically isolated from each other by a first dielectric structure. The semiconductor device includes a second interconnect structure, disposed between the first gate structure and the first interconnect structure, that electrically couples the first gate structure to the first portion of the first interconnect structure. The second interconnect structure includes a recessed portion that is substantially aligned with the first gate structure and the dielectric structure along a vertical direction. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first gate structure; a first interconnect structure disposed in an interconnect layer, the interconnect layer disposed above the first gate structure, wherein the first interconnect structure is laterally displaced from the first gate structure; and a second interconnect structure disposed between the first gate structure and the interconnect layer, the second interconnect structure including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the second interconnect structure are laterally adjacent to each other, and the first portion is vertically shorter than the second portion by a recess, and wherein the first gate structure is electrically coupled to the first interconnect structure by contacting only the first portion of the second interconnect structure to the first gate structure and contacting only the second portion of the second interconnect structure to the first interconnect structure. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the second interconnect structure is electrically isolated from the first interconnect structure and any of other interconnect structures disposed in the interconnect layer by at least a dielectric structure filling the recess. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the second interconnect structure has a first top boundary and a first bottom boundary, the first top boundary is vertically and laterally spaced apart from the first interconnect structure, and the first bottom boundary directly contacts a top boundary of the first gate structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the second portion of the second interconnect structure has a second top boundary and a second bottom boundary, the second top boundary directly contacts the first interconnect structure, and the second bottom boundary is laterally displaced from the top boundary of the first gate structure. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the second interconnect structure is vertically aligned with the recess and the first gate structure, and the second portion of the second interconnect structure is vertically aligned with an end portion of the first interconnect structure. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second gate structure laterally spaced apart from the first gate structure; a third interconnect structure disposed in the interconnect layer, wherein the third interconnect structure is laterally spaced apart from the first interconnect structure; and a fourth interconnect structure, disposed between the second gate structure and the interconnect layer, that connects the second gate structure to the third interconnect structure. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are laterally spaced apart from each other by a distance, and wherein a width by which at least one of the first interconnect structure or the third interconnect structure is laterally extended is equal to or greater than 1.5 times the distance. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are adjacent two of a number of gate structures that constitute a standard cell, the number being equal to or less than 5. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first interconnect structure is included in one of a number of signal tracks disposed in the interconnect layer, the number being equal to or less than 3. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the second interconnect structure is vertically spaced apart from a source/drain structure by an isolation structure, the source/drain structure being laterally spaced apart from the first gate structure. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first gate structure extending along a first lateral direction; a first interconnect structure, disposed above the first gate structure, that extends along a second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction, the first interconnect structure including a first portion and a second portion electrically isolated from each other by a first dielectric structure; a second interconnect structure, disposed between the first gate structure and the first interconnect structure, that electrically couples the first gate structure to the first portion of the first interconnect structure, wherein the second interconnect structure includes a recessed portion that is substantially aligned with the first gate structure and the dielectric structure along a vertical direction. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the recessed portion of the second interconnect structure is directly connected to the first gate structure, and wherein the second interconnect structure further includes a non-recessed portion that is directly connected to the first portion of the first interconnect structure. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, further comprising:
a source/drain structure disposed on one of two sides of the first gate structure along the second lateral direction, wherein the source/drain structure is substantially aligned with the non-recessed portion of the second interconnect structure along the vertical direction and electrically isolated from the non-recessed portion of the second interconnect structure by a second dielectric structure. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising:
a second gate structure disposed opposite the first gate structure from the source/drain structure along the second lateral direction, wherein the second gate structure is electrically coupled to the second portion of the first interconnect structure through a third interconnect structure. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the second interconnect structure and the third interconnect structure are disposed in the same interconnect layer. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are spaced apart from each other by a distance along the second lateral direction, and wherein a width by which at least the first portion or the second portion of the first interconnect structure is extended along the second lateral direction is equal to or greater than 1.5 times the distance. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are adjacent two of a number of gate structures that constitute a standard cell, the number being equal to or less than 5. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the first interconnect structure is included in one of a number of signal tracks disposed in an interconnect layer, the number being equal to or less than 3. 19. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a gate structure overlaid by a first sacrificial layer and a source/drain structure overlaid by a second sacrificial layer; replacing the first sacrificial layer and an upper portion of the second sacrificial layer with a first interconnect structure; recessing a portion of the first interconnect structure, wherein the recessed portion is vertically aligned with the gate structure; filling the recessed portion with a dielectric material to form a recessed dielectric structure; and forming a second interconnect structure over the first interconnect structure, wherein the second interconnect structure is cut into a plurality of portions by a dielectric structure that is vertically aligned with the recessed dielectric structure. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a portion of a top boundary of the first interconnect structure is in direct contact with one of the plurality of portions of the second interconnect structure, and a portion of a bottom boundary of the first interconnect structure is in direct contact with the gate structure. | A semiconductor device includes a first gate structure extending along a first lateral direction. The semiconductor device includes a first interconnect structure, disposed above the first gate structure, that extends along a second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction. The first interconnect structure includes a first portion and a second portion electrically isolated from each other by a first dielectric structure. The semiconductor device includes a second interconnect structure, disposed between the first gate structure and the first interconnect structure, that electrically couples the first gate structure to the first portion of the first interconnect structure. The second interconnect structure includes a recessed portion that is substantially aligned with the first gate structure and the dielectric structure along a vertical direction.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first gate structure; a first interconnect structure disposed in an interconnect layer, the interconnect layer disposed above the first gate structure, wherein the first interconnect structure is laterally displaced from the first gate structure; and a second interconnect structure disposed between the first gate structure and the interconnect layer, the second interconnect structure including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the second interconnect structure are laterally adjacent to each other, and the first portion is vertically shorter than the second portion by a recess, and wherein the first gate structure is electrically coupled to the first interconnect structure by contacting only the first portion of the second interconnect structure to the first gate structure and contacting only the second portion of the second interconnect structure to the first interconnect structure. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the second interconnect structure is electrically isolated from the first interconnect structure and any of other interconnect structures disposed in the interconnect layer by at least a dielectric structure filling the recess. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the second interconnect structure has a first top boundary and a first bottom boundary, the first top boundary is vertically and laterally spaced apart from the first interconnect structure, and the first bottom boundary directly contacts a top boundary of the first gate structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the second portion of the second interconnect structure has a second top boundary and a second bottom boundary, the second top boundary directly contacts the first interconnect structure, and the second bottom boundary is laterally displaced from the top boundary of the first gate structure. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the second interconnect structure is vertically aligned with the recess and the first gate structure, and the second portion of the second interconnect structure is vertically aligned with an end portion of the first interconnect structure. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second gate structure laterally spaced apart from the first gate structure; a third interconnect structure disposed in the interconnect layer, wherein the third interconnect structure is laterally spaced apart from the first interconnect structure; and a fourth interconnect structure, disposed between the second gate structure and the interconnect layer, that connects the second gate structure to the third interconnect structure. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are laterally spaced apart from each other by a distance, and wherein a width by which at least one of the first interconnect structure or the third interconnect structure is laterally extended is equal to or greater than 1.5 times the distance. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are adjacent two of a number of gate structures that constitute a standard cell, the number being equal to or less than 5. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first interconnect structure is included in one of a number of signal tracks disposed in the interconnect layer, the number being equal to or less than 3. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the second interconnect structure is vertically spaced apart from a source/drain structure by an isolation structure, the source/drain structure being laterally spaced apart from the first gate structure. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first gate structure extending along a first lateral direction; a first interconnect structure, disposed above the first gate structure, that extends along a second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction, the first interconnect structure including a first portion and a second portion electrically isolated from each other by a first dielectric structure; a second interconnect structure, disposed between the first gate structure and the first interconnect structure, that electrically couples the first gate structure to the first portion of the first interconnect structure, wherein the second interconnect structure includes a recessed portion that is substantially aligned with the first gate structure and the dielectric structure along a vertical direction. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the recessed portion of the second interconnect structure is directly connected to the first gate structure, and wherein the second interconnect structure further includes a non-recessed portion that is directly connected to the first portion of the first interconnect structure. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, further comprising:
a source/drain structure disposed on one of two sides of the first gate structure along the second lateral direction, wherein the source/drain structure is substantially aligned with the non-recessed portion of the second interconnect structure along the vertical direction and electrically isolated from the non-recessed portion of the second interconnect structure by a second dielectric structure. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising:
a second gate structure disposed opposite the first gate structure from the source/drain structure along the second lateral direction, wherein the second gate structure is electrically coupled to the second portion of the first interconnect structure through a third interconnect structure. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the second interconnect structure and the third interconnect structure are disposed in the same interconnect layer. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are spaced apart from each other by a distance along the second lateral direction, and wherein a width by which at least the first portion or the second portion of the first interconnect structure is extended along the second lateral direction is equal to or greater than 1.5 times the distance. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the first gate structure and the second gate structure are adjacent two of a number of gate structures that constitute a standard cell, the number being equal to or less than 5. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the first interconnect structure is included in one of a number of signal tracks disposed in an interconnect layer, the number being equal to or less than 3. 19. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a gate structure overlaid by a first sacrificial layer and a source/drain structure overlaid by a second sacrificial layer; replacing the first sacrificial layer and an upper portion of the second sacrificial layer with a first interconnect structure; recessing a portion of the first interconnect structure, wherein the recessed portion is vertically aligned with the gate structure; filling the recessed portion with a dielectric material to form a recessed dielectric structure; and forming a second interconnect structure over the first interconnect structure, wherein the second interconnect structure is cut into a plurality of portions by a dielectric structure that is vertically aligned with the recessed dielectric structure. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a portion of a top boundary of the first interconnect structure is in direct contact with one of the plurality of portions of the second interconnect structure, and a portion of a bottom boundary of the first interconnect structure is in direct contact with the gate structure. | 2,800 |
344,059 | 16,803,488 | 2,817 | A rake assembly for a steering column includes a pin adapted to move along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position. The rake assembly also includes a first tray fixed to a support structure, the first tray having a plurality of teeth. The rake assembly further includes a rocker tray having a plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the plurality of teeth of the first tray when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray, the second axis being transverse to the first axis. | 1. A rake assembly for a steering column comprising:
a pin adapted to move along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position; a first tray fixed to a support structure, the first tray having a plurality of teeth; and a rocker tray having a plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the plurality of teeth of the first tray when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray, the second axis being transverse to the first axis. 2. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray are located on an inner surface of the rocker tray, the rocker tray including an outer surface defined by a first segment and a second segment, wherein the first segment and the second segment are planar segments oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to each other. 3. The rake assembly of claim 2, wherein the plurality of teeth of the first tray are located on an outer surface of the first tray, wherein the outer surface of the first tray, the inner surface of the rocker tray, and the first segment of the outer surface of the rocker tray are oriented parallel to each other. 4. The rake assembly of claim 2, wherein the inner surface of the rocker tray defines a counter bore having a face that is angled relative to the first segment of the outer surface. 5. The rake assembly of claim 4, wherein the face of the counter bore is oriented parallel relative to the second segment of the outer surface of the rocker tray. 6. The rake assembly of claim 4, wherein a spring is in contact with the face of the counter bore to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position. 7. The rake assembly of claim 1, further comprising a spring in contact with the rocker tray and adapted to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position. 8. The rake assembly of claim 7, further comprising:
a first opening defined by the support structure; a second opening defined by the first tray; and a third opening defined by the rocker tray, wherein the spring is at least partially disposed within the first opening and the second opening. 9. The rake assembly of claim 8, further comprising a spring seat element disposed within the first opening, the spring in contact with the spring seat element at a first end of the spring and in contact with the rocker tray at a second end of the spring. 10. The rake assembly of claim 8, wherein the rocker tray includes at least one leg disposed within the second opening to maintain alignment of the rocker tray relative to the first tray. 11. The rake assembly of claim 1, further comprising a nut attached to an end of the pin. 12. The rake assembly of claim 11, further comprising a thrust bearing disposed between the nut and an outer surface of the rocker tray. 13. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the second axis is oriented normal to the first axis. 14. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray are tetrahedral teeth with each tooth having a point apex. 15. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth of the first tray are separated as a first set of teeth and a second set of teeth, and the plurality of the teeth of the rocker tray are separated as a third set of teeth and a fourth set of teeth. 16. A rake assembly for a steering column comprising:
a pin adapted to move along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position; a first tray fixed to a support structure, the first tray having a plurality of teeth; a rocker tray having a plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the plurality of teeth of the first tray when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray, the second axis being transverse to the first axis, wherein the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray are located on an inner surface of the rocker tray, the rocker tray including an outer surface defined by a first segment and a second segment, wherein the first segment and the second segment are planar segments oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to each other; a spring in contact with the rocker tray and adapted to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position; a first opening defined by the support structure; a second opening defined by the first tray; and a third opening defined by the rocker tray, wherein the spring is at least partially disposed within the first opening and the second opening. 17. The rake assembly of claim 16, further comprising a spring seat element disposed within the first opening, the spring in contact with the spring seat element at a first end of the spring and in contact with the rocker tray at a second end of the spring. 18. The rake assembly of claim 17, wherein the rocker tray includes at least one leg disposed within the second opening to maintain alignment of the rocker tray relative to the first tray. 19. A steering column assembly comprising:
a jacket pivotable about a rake axis; a pin having a lever operatively coupled to a first end of the pin, the moveable along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position; a support structure operatively coupled to the jacket; a first tray fixed to the support structure, the first tray having a first plurality of teeth and a second plurality of teeth; a rocker tray having a third plurality of teeth and a fourth plurality of teeth, the first plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the third plurality of teeth, and the second plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the fourth plurality of teeth when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray; a spring in contact with the rocker tray and adapted to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position; a first opening defined by the support structure; a second opening defined by the first tray; and a third opening defined by the rocker tray, wherein the spring is at least partially disposed within the first opening and the second opening. | A rake assembly for a steering column includes a pin adapted to move along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position. The rake assembly also includes a first tray fixed to a support structure, the first tray having a plurality of teeth. The rake assembly further includes a rocker tray having a plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the plurality of teeth of the first tray when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray, the second axis being transverse to the first axis.1. A rake assembly for a steering column comprising:
a pin adapted to move along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position; a first tray fixed to a support structure, the first tray having a plurality of teeth; and a rocker tray having a plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the plurality of teeth of the first tray when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray, the second axis being transverse to the first axis. 2. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray are located on an inner surface of the rocker tray, the rocker tray including an outer surface defined by a first segment and a second segment, wherein the first segment and the second segment are planar segments oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to each other. 3. The rake assembly of claim 2, wherein the plurality of teeth of the first tray are located on an outer surface of the first tray, wherein the outer surface of the first tray, the inner surface of the rocker tray, and the first segment of the outer surface of the rocker tray are oriented parallel to each other. 4. The rake assembly of claim 2, wherein the inner surface of the rocker tray defines a counter bore having a face that is angled relative to the first segment of the outer surface. 5. The rake assembly of claim 4, wherein the face of the counter bore is oriented parallel relative to the second segment of the outer surface of the rocker tray. 6. The rake assembly of claim 4, wherein a spring is in contact with the face of the counter bore to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position. 7. The rake assembly of claim 1, further comprising a spring in contact with the rocker tray and adapted to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position. 8. The rake assembly of claim 7, further comprising:
a first opening defined by the support structure; a second opening defined by the first tray; and a third opening defined by the rocker tray, wherein the spring is at least partially disposed within the first opening and the second opening. 9. The rake assembly of claim 8, further comprising a spring seat element disposed within the first opening, the spring in contact with the spring seat element at a first end of the spring and in contact with the rocker tray at a second end of the spring. 10. The rake assembly of claim 8, wherein the rocker tray includes at least one leg disposed within the second opening to maintain alignment of the rocker tray relative to the first tray. 11. The rake assembly of claim 1, further comprising a nut attached to an end of the pin. 12. The rake assembly of claim 11, further comprising a thrust bearing disposed between the nut and an outer surface of the rocker tray. 13. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the second axis is oriented normal to the first axis. 14. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray are tetrahedral teeth with each tooth having a point apex. 15. The rake assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of teeth of the first tray are separated as a first set of teeth and a second set of teeth, and the plurality of the teeth of the rocker tray are separated as a third set of teeth and a fourth set of teeth. 16. A rake assembly for a steering column comprising:
a pin adapted to move along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position; a first tray fixed to a support structure, the first tray having a plurality of teeth; a rocker tray having a plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the plurality of teeth of the first tray when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray, the second axis being transverse to the first axis, wherein the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray are located on an inner surface of the rocker tray, the rocker tray including an outer surface defined by a first segment and a second segment, wherein the first segment and the second segment are planar segments oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to each other; a spring in contact with the rocker tray and adapted to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position; a first opening defined by the support structure; a second opening defined by the first tray; and a third opening defined by the rocker tray, wherein the spring is at least partially disposed within the first opening and the second opening. 17. The rake assembly of claim 16, further comprising a spring seat element disposed within the first opening, the spring in contact with the spring seat element at a first end of the spring and in contact with the rocker tray at a second end of the spring. 18. The rake assembly of claim 17, wherein the rocker tray includes at least one leg disposed within the second opening to maintain alignment of the rocker tray relative to the first tray. 19. A steering column assembly comprising:
a jacket pivotable about a rake axis; a pin having a lever operatively coupled to a first end of the pin, the moveable along a first axis between a locked position and an unlocked position; a support structure operatively coupled to the jacket; a first tray fixed to the support structure, the first tray having a first plurality of teeth and a second plurality of teeth; a rocker tray having a third plurality of teeth and a fourth plurality of teeth, the first plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the third plurality of teeth, and the second plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with the fourth plurality of teeth when in the locked position and un-mesh when in the unlocked position, the rocker tray being adapted to rock about a second axis from an un-tilted state when in the locked position and to a tilted state when in the unlocked position to provide a degree of motion to facilitate meshing of the plurality of teeth of the first tray and the plurality of teeth of the rocker tray; a spring in contact with the rocker tray and adapted to bias the rake assembly toward the unlocked position; a first opening defined by the support structure; a second opening defined by the first tray; and a third opening defined by the rocker tray, wherein the spring is at least partially disposed within the first opening and the second opening. | 2,800 |
344,060 | 16,803,489 | 2,817 | Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving control information in a communication system supporting unlicensed band communication. An operation method of a terminal may comprise receiving, from a base station, first configuration information of a CORESET and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; receiving, from the base station, third configuration information indicating one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and performing a PDCCH monitoring operation on the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets. Therefore, the performance of the communication system can be improved. | 1. An operation method of a terminal in a communication system, the operation method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, first configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; receiving, from the base station, third configuration information indicating one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and performing a PDCCH monitoring operation on the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets is located within each resource block (RB) set configured in an unlicensed band. 2. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein remaining parameters excluding parameters indicating frequency domain resources among parameters included in the first configuration information and the second configuration information are shared for the one or more PDSCCH monitoring resource sets. 3. The operation method according to claim 2, wherein the remaining parameters include one or more among information indicating a duration of the CORESET, information indicating a control channel element (CCE)-resource element group (REG) mapping type, information indicating whether to apply interleaving in a CCE-REG mapping operation, information indicating a size of an REG bundle, interleaving rule information, a shift index, precoder granularity information, transmission configuration information (TCI) state information, information indicating whether a field indicating a TCI state is present in downlink control information (DCI), and a scrambling identifier of a PDCCH demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS). 4. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the third configuration information is a bitmap, and each bit included in the bitmap indicates whether a PDCCH monitoring resource set is configured in an RB set. 5. The operation method according to claim 4, wherein a size of the bitmap corresponds to a number of RB sets configured within one bandwidth part. 6. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets includes one or more RBs, the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets are located in frequency domain without overlapping, and one or more RB sets to which the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets belong are located within one bandwidth part. 7. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the CORESET is a CORESET other than a CORESET configured through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). 8. The operation method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving a PDCCH in at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein the at least one PDCCH monitoring resource set in which the PDCCH is received is located within RB sets in which a listen before talk (LBT) operation performed by the base station is successful. 9. An operation method of a base station in a communication system, the operation method comprising:
transmitting, to a terminal, first configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; transmitting, to the terminal, third configuration information indicating one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and transmitting a PDCCH through at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets is located within each resource block (RB) set configured in an unlicensed band. 10. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein remaining parameters excluding parameters indicating frequency domain resources among parameters included in the first configuration information and the second configuration information are shared for the one or more PDSCCH monitoring resource sets. 11. The operation method according to claim 10, wherein the remaining parameters include one or more among information indicating a duration of the CORESET, information indicating a control channel element (CCE)-resource element group (REG) mapping type, information indicating whether to apply interleaving in a CCE-REG mapping operation, information indicating a size of an REG bundle, interleaving rule information, a shift index, precoder granularity information, transmission configuration information (TCI) state information, information indicating whether a field indicating a TCI state is present in downlink control information (DCI), and a scrambling identifier of a PDCCH demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS). 12. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein the third configuration information is a bitmap, and each bit included in the bitmap indicates whether a PDCCH monitoring resource set is configured in an RB set. 13. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets includes one or more RBs, the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets are located in frequency domain without overlapping, and one or more RB sets to which the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets belong are located within one bandwidth part. 14. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein the CORESET is a CORESET other than a CORESET configured through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). 15. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein at least one PDCCH monitoring resource set in which the PDCCH is transmitted is located within RB sets in which a listen before talk (LBT) operation performed by the base station is successful. 16. A terminal in a communication system, the terminal comprising:
a processor; a memory electronically communicating with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory, wherein when the instructions are executed by the processor, the instructions cause the terminal to: receive, from a base station, first configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; receive, from the base station, third configuration information indicating one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and perform a PDCCH monitoring operation on the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets is located within each resource block (RB) set configured in an unlicensed band. 17. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein remaining parameters excluding parameters indicating frequency domain resources among parameters included in the first configuration information and the second configuration information are shared for the one or more PDSCCH monitoring resource sets. 18. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein the third configuration information is a bitmap, and each bit included in the bitmap indicates whether a PDCCH monitoring resource set is configured in an RB set. 19. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets includes one or more RBs, the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets are located in frequency domain without overlapping, and one or more RB sets to which the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets belong are located within one bandwidth part. 20. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein the CORESET is a CORESET other than a CORESET configured through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). | Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving control information in a communication system supporting unlicensed band communication. An operation method of a terminal may comprise receiving, from a base station, first configuration information of a CORESET and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; receiving, from the base station, third configuration information indicating one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and performing a PDCCH monitoring operation on the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets. Therefore, the performance of the communication system can be improved.1. An operation method of a terminal in a communication system, the operation method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, first configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; receiving, from the base station, third configuration information indicating one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and performing a PDCCH monitoring operation on the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets is located within each resource block (RB) set configured in an unlicensed band. 2. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein remaining parameters excluding parameters indicating frequency domain resources among parameters included in the first configuration information and the second configuration information are shared for the one or more PDSCCH monitoring resource sets. 3. The operation method according to claim 2, wherein the remaining parameters include one or more among information indicating a duration of the CORESET, information indicating a control channel element (CCE)-resource element group (REG) mapping type, information indicating whether to apply interleaving in a CCE-REG mapping operation, information indicating a size of an REG bundle, interleaving rule information, a shift index, precoder granularity information, transmission configuration information (TCI) state information, information indicating whether a field indicating a TCI state is present in downlink control information (DCI), and a scrambling identifier of a PDCCH demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS). 4. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the third configuration information is a bitmap, and each bit included in the bitmap indicates whether a PDCCH monitoring resource set is configured in an RB set. 5. The operation method according to claim 4, wherein a size of the bitmap corresponds to a number of RB sets configured within one bandwidth part. 6. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets includes one or more RBs, the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets are located in frequency domain without overlapping, and one or more RB sets to which the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets belong are located within one bandwidth part. 7. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the CORESET is a CORESET other than a CORESET configured through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). 8. The operation method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving a PDCCH in at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein the at least one PDCCH monitoring resource set in which the PDCCH is received is located within RB sets in which a listen before talk (LBT) operation performed by the base station is successful. 9. An operation method of a base station in a communication system, the operation method comprising:
transmitting, to a terminal, first configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; transmitting, to the terminal, third configuration information indicating one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and transmitting a PDCCH through at least one of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets is located within each resource block (RB) set configured in an unlicensed band. 10. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein remaining parameters excluding parameters indicating frequency domain resources among parameters included in the first configuration information and the second configuration information are shared for the one or more PDSCCH monitoring resource sets. 11. The operation method according to claim 10, wherein the remaining parameters include one or more among information indicating a duration of the CORESET, information indicating a control channel element (CCE)-resource element group (REG) mapping type, information indicating whether to apply interleaving in a CCE-REG mapping operation, information indicating a size of an REG bundle, interleaving rule information, a shift index, precoder granularity information, transmission configuration information (TCI) state information, information indicating whether a field indicating a TCI state is present in downlink control information (DCI), and a scrambling identifier of a PDCCH demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS). 12. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein the third configuration information is a bitmap, and each bit included in the bitmap indicates whether a PDCCH monitoring resource set is configured in an RB set. 13. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets includes one or more RBs, the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets are located in frequency domain without overlapping, and one or more RB sets to which the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets belong are located within one bandwidth part. 14. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein the CORESET is a CORESET other than a CORESET configured through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). 15. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein at least one PDCCH monitoring resource set in which the PDCCH is transmitted is located within RB sets in which a listen before talk (LBT) operation performed by the base station is successful. 16. A terminal in a communication system, the terminal comprising:
a processor; a memory electronically communicating with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory, wherein when the instructions are executed by the processor, the instructions cause the terminal to: receive, from a base station, first configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) and second configuration information of a search space associated with the CORESET; receive, from the base station, third configuration information indicating one or more physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring resource sets associated with the CORESET and the search space; and perform a PDCCH monitoring operation on the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets is located within each resource block (RB) set configured in an unlicensed band. 17. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein remaining parameters excluding parameters indicating frequency domain resources among parameters included in the first configuration information and the second configuration information are shared for the one or more PDSCCH monitoring resource sets. 18. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein the third configuration information is a bitmap, and each bit included in the bitmap indicates whether a PDCCH monitoring resource set is configured in an RB set. 19. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein each of the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets includes one or more RBs, the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets are located in frequency domain without overlapping, and one or more RB sets to which the one or more PDCCH monitoring resource sets belong are located within one bandwidth part. 20. The terminal according to claim 16, wherein the CORESET is a CORESET other than a CORESET configured through a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). | 2,800 |
344,061 | 16,803,528 | 2,817 | A variable exhaust nozzle for use with a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud and an inner plug that can move relative to the outer shroud. The relative movement of the inner plug and the outer shroud changes the shape of the variable exhaust nozzle from one that converges in area to one that converges and then diverges in area. | 1. A variable exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the variable exhaust nozzle comprising an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, the outer shroud extends axially between a forward axial location and a terminal shroud end, and the outer boundary surface decreases in diameter as the outer shroud extends axially aft from the forward axial location to the terminal shroud end, and
an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a terminal tail end, and the inner boundary surface increases in diameter and then decreases in diameter as the inner plug extends axially aft from the nose to the terminal tail end, wherein a variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path is defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end and defined radially between the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface, and wherein one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is configured to translate axially relative to the other of the outer shroud and the inner plug between an open position in which the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface cooperate to cause the variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path to converge in area to a first throat located at the terminal shroud end without diverging and a closed position in which the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface cooperate to cause the variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path to converge in area to a second throat and then diverge in area aft of the second throat, and the second throat is spaced apart axially from the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end. 2. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the terminal tail end is located axially aft of the terminal shroud end when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the open position. 3. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 2, wherein the nose of the inner plug is located axially forward of the terminal shroud end when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the open position and when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the closed position. 4. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein a minimum area of the variable area region when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the open position is greater than a minimum area of the variable area region when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the closed position. 5. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path diverges in area aft of the second throat without converging in area aft of the second throat. 6. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is movable relative to the axis between a plurality of positions between the open position and the closed position and the variable exhaust nozzle further comprises an actuation controller configured to selectively move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug and to stop and hold the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis in the open position, the closed position, and at least one of the plurality of positions. 7. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 6, wherein the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is configured to default to one of the open position and the closed position in response to failure of the actuation controller. 8. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 6, wherein the actuation controller is configured to receive a first input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a take-off mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the open position in response to receiving the first input and the actuation controller is configured to receive a second input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a cruise mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the closed position in response to receiving the second input. 9. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the inner plug is generally droplet shaped. 10. A variable exhaust nozzle comprising
an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis, the outer shroud having a terminal shroud end, and an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, wherein at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is movable relative to the axis between a first position in which the variable area region converges in area, a second position in which the variable area region converges and then diverges in area, and a plurality of positions between the first position and the second position. 11. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is movable relative to the axis between a plurality of positions between the first position and the second position and the variable exhaust nozzle further comprises an actuation controller configured to selectively move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug and to stop and hold the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis. 12. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 11, wherein the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is configured to default to one of the first position and the second position in response to failure of the actuation controller. 13. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the inner plug is generally droplet shaped. 14. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the outer shroud defines an outer boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the outer shroud extends axially between a forward axial location and a terminal shroud end, and the outer boundary surface decreases in diameter as the outer shroud extends axially aft from the forward axial location to the terminal shroud end. 15. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 15, wherein the inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a terminal tail end, and the inner boundary surface increases in diameter and then decreases in diameter as the inner plug extends axially aft from the nose to the terminal tail end, 16. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, further comprising an actuation controller configured to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug, the actuation controller is further configured to receive a first input indicative that a gas turbine engine is in a take-off mode and to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the first position in response to receiving the first input, and the actuation controller is further configured to receive a second input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a cruise mode and to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the second position in response to receiving the second input. 17. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein a minimum area of the variable area region when the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the first position is greater than a minimum area of the variable area region when the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the second position. 18. A method comprising
providing an inner plug arranged circumferentially about an axis and an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug, the outer shroud having a terminal shroud end, and the inner plug extending axially between a nose and a tail, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperating to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, moving at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to a first position in which the variable area region converges in area, and moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to a second position in which the variable area region converges and then diverges in area. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising providing an actuator controller configured to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis between the first position and the second position and further comprising moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to one of the first position and the second position in response to a failure of the actuator controller. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising providing an actuator controller configured to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis between the first position and the second position, receiving a first input with the actuator controller indicative of a take-off mode of a gas turbine engine, moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to the first position in response to receiving the first input, receiving a second input with the actuator controller indicative of a cruise mode of the gas turbine engine, and moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to the second position in response to receiving the second input. | A variable exhaust nozzle for use with a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud and an inner plug that can move relative to the outer shroud. The relative movement of the inner plug and the outer shroud changes the shape of the variable exhaust nozzle from one that converges in area to one that converges and then diverges in area.1. A variable exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the variable exhaust nozzle comprising an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, the outer shroud extends axially between a forward axial location and a terminal shroud end, and the outer boundary surface decreases in diameter as the outer shroud extends axially aft from the forward axial location to the terminal shroud end, and
an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a terminal tail end, and the inner boundary surface increases in diameter and then decreases in diameter as the inner plug extends axially aft from the nose to the terminal tail end, wherein a variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path is defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end and defined radially between the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface, and wherein one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is configured to translate axially relative to the other of the outer shroud and the inner plug between an open position in which the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface cooperate to cause the variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path to converge in area to a first throat located at the terminal shroud end without diverging and a closed position in which the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface cooperate to cause the variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path to converge in area to a second throat and then diverge in area aft of the second throat, and the second throat is spaced apart axially from the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end. 2. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the terminal tail end is located axially aft of the terminal shroud end when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the open position. 3. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 2, wherein the nose of the inner plug is located axially forward of the terminal shroud end when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the open position and when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the closed position. 4. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein a minimum area of the variable area region when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the open position is greater than a minimum area of the variable area region when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the closed position. 5. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path diverges in area aft of the second throat without converging in area aft of the second throat. 6. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is movable relative to the axis between a plurality of positions between the open position and the closed position and the variable exhaust nozzle further comprises an actuation controller configured to selectively move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug and to stop and hold the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis in the open position, the closed position, and at least one of the plurality of positions. 7. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 6, wherein the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is configured to default to one of the open position and the closed position in response to failure of the actuation controller. 8. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 6, wherein the actuation controller is configured to receive a first input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a take-off mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the open position in response to receiving the first input and the actuation controller is configured to receive a second input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a cruise mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the closed position in response to receiving the second input. 9. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the inner plug is generally droplet shaped. 10. A variable exhaust nozzle comprising
an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis, the outer shroud having a terminal shroud end, and an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, wherein at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is movable relative to the axis between a first position in which the variable area region converges in area, a second position in which the variable area region converges and then diverges in area, and a plurality of positions between the first position and the second position. 11. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is movable relative to the axis between a plurality of positions between the first position and the second position and the variable exhaust nozzle further comprises an actuation controller configured to selectively move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug and to stop and hold the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis. 12. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 11, wherein the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is configured to default to one of the first position and the second position in response to failure of the actuation controller. 13. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the inner plug is generally droplet shaped. 14. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the outer shroud defines an outer boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the outer shroud extends axially between a forward axial location and a terminal shroud end, and the outer boundary surface decreases in diameter as the outer shroud extends axially aft from the forward axial location to the terminal shroud end. 15. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 15, wherein the inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a terminal tail end, and the inner boundary surface increases in diameter and then decreases in diameter as the inner plug extends axially aft from the nose to the terminal tail end, 16. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, further comprising an actuation controller configured to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug, the actuation controller is further configured to receive a first input indicative that a gas turbine engine is in a take-off mode and to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the first position in response to receiving the first input, and the actuation controller is further configured to receive a second input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a cruise mode and to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the second position in response to receiving the second input. 17. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein a minimum area of the variable area region when the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the first position is greater than a minimum area of the variable area region when the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the second position. 18. A method comprising
providing an inner plug arranged circumferentially about an axis and an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug, the outer shroud having a terminal shroud end, and the inner plug extending axially between a nose and a tail, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperating to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, moving at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to a first position in which the variable area region converges in area, and moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to a second position in which the variable area region converges and then diverges in area. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising providing an actuator controller configured to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis between the first position and the second position and further comprising moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to one of the first position and the second position in response to a failure of the actuator controller. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising providing an actuator controller configured to move the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis between the first position and the second position, receiving a first input with the actuator controller indicative of a take-off mode of a gas turbine engine, moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to the first position in response to receiving the first input, receiving a second input with the actuator controller indicative of a cruise mode of the gas turbine engine, and moving the at least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the axis to the second position in response to receiving the second input. | 2,800 |
344,062 | 16,803,539 | 3,747 | An internal combustion engine and a method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided, that are more efficient than existing engines. The internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber, and the engine is configurable to operate in: a compressionless operating mode where the engine is driven by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber without compression of the fuel and oxidant; and a compression generating operating mode where the engine is used to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. | 1. An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, the engine configurable to operate in:
a compressionless operating mode where the engine is at least partly driven by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber without compression of the fuel and oxidant by a compression stroke of the engine; and a compression generating operating mode where the engine is at least partly used to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. 2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine is configurable to switch between the compressionless operating mode and the compression generating operating mode while the engine is running. 3. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein in the compression generating operating mode the contents of the combustion chamber does not include a fuel. 4. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 wherein in the compressionless operating mode the engine is configured to:
initially provide the fuel and the oxidant into the combustion chamber, such that at least one of the fuel and oxidant is provided at a level significantly higher than stochiometric proportions, to thereby act as a buffer for initial combustion of the fuel and oxidant;
ignite the fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber of the engine to thereby drive the engine; and
subsequent to igniting the fuel and oxidant, provide further fuel and/or oxidant into the combustion chamber, such that levels of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber approach stochiometric proportions, and such that when combustion is complete, substantially all of the fuel and oxidant has been combusted. 5. The internal combustion engine of claim 4, wherein the further fuel and/or oxidant is provided in the same stroke of the engine as the initial fuel and oxidant and while the fuel and oxidant are still combusting. 6. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises substantially pure hydrogen, and the oxidant comprises oxygen of at least 90% purity. 7. The internal combustion engine of claim 6, wherein excess oxygen is provided to act as a buffer for combustion of the fuel and oxidant. 8. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine comprises at least one piston, wherein the at least one piston is driven by the combustion of the fuel and oxidant in the compressionless operating mode, wherein the fuel and oxidant is injected into the combustion chamber when the piston is at or near top dead centre, and wherein the piston compresses the fluid in the combustion chamber in the compression generating operating mode. 9. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a discharge valve provided in association with a discharge port to enable the product of the combusted fuel and the oxidant to escape from the combustion chamber, the engine further comprising a condensing manifold, coupled to the discharge port, configured to provide a low pressure environment to the combustion chamber to thereby at least assist in driving the engine using a pressure differential. 10. The internal combustion engine of claim 9, wherein the condensing manifold comprises one or more heat exchangers, configured to remove heat from the combustion product in the condensing manifold, and a one-way valve, downstream from the discharge valve, to enable excess product to escape from the condensing manifold, while enabling a low-pressure environment to be created therein. 11. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine is configured to inject pre-heated water into the combustion chamber, the pre-heated water not chemically involved in the combustion of the fuel and the oxidant, to assist in providing torque to the engine. 12. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine configurable to switch between the compressionless operating mode where the engine is driven at least partly by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber and a non-combustion operating mode where the engine is driven at least partly without combustion in the combustion chamber, while the engine is running. 13. The internal combustion engine of claim 12, wherein the engine is configurable to operate in a steam powered operating mode where the engine is driven by the expansion of the water into steam in the combustion chamber. 14. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the compressionless operating mode comprises a twin-stroke cycle comprising an expansive power stroke, followed by a discharge stroke and wherein the discharge stroke comprises a contractive power stroke. 15. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the compression generating operating mode provides engine braking by restricting the flow of gas from a discharge port of the combustion chamber to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. 16. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein in the compression generating operating mode the engine compresses air, the engine comprising an intake valve, for receiving uncompressed air, and a discharge valve, for providing the compressed air. 17. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine is configurable to operate in an air powered mode, wherein the engine is driven, at least in part, by the compressed air. 18. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, comprising a plurality of cylinders, wherein each cylinder is selectively configurable to operate in one or more operating modes, comprising a compressionless and a compression generating operating mode. 19. A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, the method comprising:
configuring the engine to operate in a compressionless operating mode where the engine is driven by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber without compression of the fuel and oxidant by a compression stroke of the engine; and subsequently reconfiguring the engine to operate in a compression generating operating mode where the engine is used to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. 20. A power system comprising:
electrolysis unit to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water; storage means, for storing hydrogen and oxygen; and an engine according to claim 1, configured to drive a generator to generate power. | An internal combustion engine and a method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided, that are more efficient than existing engines. The internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber, and the engine is configurable to operate in: a compressionless operating mode where the engine is driven by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber without compression of the fuel and oxidant; and a compression generating operating mode where the engine is used to compress fluid in the combustion chamber.1. An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, the engine configurable to operate in:
a compressionless operating mode where the engine is at least partly driven by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber without compression of the fuel and oxidant by a compression stroke of the engine; and a compression generating operating mode where the engine is at least partly used to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. 2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine is configurable to switch between the compressionless operating mode and the compression generating operating mode while the engine is running. 3. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein in the compression generating operating mode the contents of the combustion chamber does not include a fuel. 4. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 wherein in the compressionless operating mode the engine is configured to:
initially provide the fuel and the oxidant into the combustion chamber, such that at least one of the fuel and oxidant is provided at a level significantly higher than stochiometric proportions, to thereby act as a buffer for initial combustion of the fuel and oxidant;
ignite the fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber of the engine to thereby drive the engine; and
subsequent to igniting the fuel and oxidant, provide further fuel and/or oxidant into the combustion chamber, such that levels of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber approach stochiometric proportions, and such that when combustion is complete, substantially all of the fuel and oxidant has been combusted. 5. The internal combustion engine of claim 4, wherein the further fuel and/or oxidant is provided in the same stroke of the engine as the initial fuel and oxidant and while the fuel and oxidant are still combusting. 6. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises substantially pure hydrogen, and the oxidant comprises oxygen of at least 90% purity. 7. The internal combustion engine of claim 6, wherein excess oxygen is provided to act as a buffer for combustion of the fuel and oxidant. 8. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine comprises at least one piston, wherein the at least one piston is driven by the combustion of the fuel and oxidant in the compressionless operating mode, wherein the fuel and oxidant is injected into the combustion chamber when the piston is at or near top dead centre, and wherein the piston compresses the fluid in the combustion chamber in the compression generating operating mode. 9. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a discharge valve provided in association with a discharge port to enable the product of the combusted fuel and the oxidant to escape from the combustion chamber, the engine further comprising a condensing manifold, coupled to the discharge port, configured to provide a low pressure environment to the combustion chamber to thereby at least assist in driving the engine using a pressure differential. 10. The internal combustion engine of claim 9, wherein the condensing manifold comprises one or more heat exchangers, configured to remove heat from the combustion product in the condensing manifold, and a one-way valve, downstream from the discharge valve, to enable excess product to escape from the condensing manifold, while enabling a low-pressure environment to be created therein. 11. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine is configured to inject pre-heated water into the combustion chamber, the pre-heated water not chemically involved in the combustion of the fuel and the oxidant, to assist in providing torque to the engine. 12. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine configurable to switch between the compressionless operating mode where the engine is driven at least partly by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber and a non-combustion operating mode where the engine is driven at least partly without combustion in the combustion chamber, while the engine is running. 13. The internal combustion engine of claim 12, wherein the engine is configurable to operate in a steam powered operating mode where the engine is driven by the expansion of the water into steam in the combustion chamber. 14. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the compressionless operating mode comprises a twin-stroke cycle comprising an expansive power stroke, followed by a discharge stroke and wherein the discharge stroke comprises a contractive power stroke. 15. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the compression generating operating mode provides engine braking by restricting the flow of gas from a discharge port of the combustion chamber to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. 16. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein in the compression generating operating mode the engine compresses air, the engine comprising an intake valve, for receiving uncompressed air, and a discharge valve, for providing the compressed air. 17. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the engine is configurable to operate in an air powered mode, wherein the engine is driven, at least in part, by the compressed air. 18. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, comprising a plurality of cylinders, wherein each cylinder is selectively configurable to operate in one or more operating modes, comprising a compressionless and a compression generating operating mode. 19. A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, the method comprising:
configuring the engine to operate in a compressionless operating mode where the engine is driven by combustion of fuel and oxidant in the combustion chamber without compression of the fuel and oxidant by a compression stroke of the engine; and subsequently reconfiguring the engine to operate in a compression generating operating mode where the engine is used to compress fluid in the combustion chamber. 20. A power system comprising:
electrolysis unit to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water; storage means, for storing hydrogen and oxygen; and an engine according to claim 1, configured to drive a generator to generate power. | 3,700 |
344,063 | 16,803,507 | 3,747 | An estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: acquire first point cloud data; generate, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and estimate an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. | 1. An estimation apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire first point cloud data;
generate, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and
estimate an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
select the attention point from the first point cloud data;
select, from the first point cloud data, the observation points of a predetermined number in accordance with a predetermined selection probability; and
generate, for each observation point, a vector obtained by combining coordinate components of the observation point and coordinate components of the attention point, and
wherein the second point cloud data is represented by a tensor in which components of the vector are arrayed. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor carries out the calculation of the belonging probability for each attribute by a neural network including an input layer to which the second point cloud data is input and an output layer from which the belonging probability for each attribute is output. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
repeat, a predetermined number of times, generation processing of the second point cloud data; calculate the belonging probability for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times; and calculate an integration probability for each attribute based on the belonging probability calculated for each second point cloud data. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the integration probability is an average of a plurality of belonging probabilities calculated for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times. 6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to determine an attribute having a greater integration probability as the attribute of the attention point. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; determine, when the degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value, to repeat, a predetermined additional number of times, generation of the second point cloud data and calculation of the belonging probability; and determine the attribute of the attention point by using the integration probability calculated based further on a belonging probability that is further calculated the predetermined additional number of times. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and correct an attribute and a degree of reliability of an undetermined attention point whose degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value or whose attribute is undetermined, by an attribute and a degree of reliability of an attention point whose distance from the undetermined attention point is below a distance threshold value and whose degree of reliability is greater than the reliability threshold value. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and control, based on the degree of reliability, display of a reliability map representing a degree of reliability of a point of the first point cloud data corresponding to the attention point. 10. An estimation method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
acquiring first point cloud data; generating, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and estimating an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. 11. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the generating includes:
selecting the attention point from the first point cloud data;
selecting, from the first point cloud data, the observation points of a predetermined number in accordance with a predetermined selection probability; and
generating, for each observation point, a vector obtained by combining coordinate components of the observation point and coordinate components of the attention point, and
wherein the second point cloud data is represented by a tensor in which components of the vector are arrayed. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the calculation of the belonging probability for each attribute in the estimating is carried out by a neural network including an input layer to which the second point cloud data is input and an output layer from which the belonging probability for each attribute is output. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein
the generating includes repeating, a predetermined number of times, generation processing of the second point cloud data, the estimating includes calculating the belonging probability for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times, and the method further comprises calculating an integration probability for each attribute based on the belonging probability calculated for each second point cloud data. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the integration probability is an average of a plurality of belonging probabilities calculated for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times. 15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising determining an attribute having a greater integration probability as the attribute of the attention point. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising calculating, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation,
wherein the determining the attribute includes:
determining, when the degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value, to repeat, a predetermined additional number of times, generation of the second point cloud data and calculation of the belonging probability; and
determining the attribute of the attention point by using the integration probability calculated based further on a belonging probability that is further calculated the predetermined additional number of times. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
calculating, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and correcting an attribute and a degree of reliability of an undetermined attention point whose degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value or whose attribute is undetermined, by an attribute and a degree of reliability of an attention point whose distance from the undetermined attention point is below a distance threshold value and whose degree of reliability is greater than the reliability threshold value. 18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
calculating, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and controlling, based on the degree of reliability, display of a reliability map representing a degree of reliability of a point of the first point cloud data corresponding to the attention point. 19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
acquire first point cloud data; generate, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and estimate an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. 20. The computer program product according to claim 19,
wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
select the attention point from the first point cloud data;
select, from the first point cloud data, the observation points of a predetermined number in accordance with a predetermined selection probability; and
generate, for each observation point, a vector obtained by combining coordinate components of the observation point and coordinate components of the attention point, and
wherein the second point cloud data is represented by a tensor in which components of the vector are arrayed. 21. The computer program product according to claim 19, wherein the program instructs the computer to carry out the calculation of the belonging probability for each attribute by a neural network including an input layer to which the second point cloud data is input and an output layer from which the belonging probability for each attribute is output. 22. The computer program product according to claim 19, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
repeat, a predetermined number of times, generation processing of the second point cloud data; calculate the belonging probability for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times; and calculate an integration probability for each attribute based on the belonging probability calculated for each second point cloud data. 23. The computer program product according to claim 22, wherein the integration probability is an average of a plurality of belonging probabilities calculated for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times. 24. The computer program product according to claim 22, wherein the program further instructs the computer to determine an attribute having a greater integration probability as the attribute of the attention point. 25. The computer program product according to claim 24, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; determine, when the degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value, to repeat, a predetermined additional number of times, generation of the second point cloud data and calculation of the belonging probability; and determine the attribute of the attention point by using the integration probability calculated based further on a belonging probability that is further calculated the predetermined additional number of times. 26. The computer program product according to claim 24, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and correct an attribute and a degree of reliability of an undetermined attention point whose degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value or whose attribute is undetermined, by an attribute and a degree of reliability of an attention point whose distance from the undetermined attention point is below a distance threshold value and whose degree of reliability is greater than the reliability threshold value. 27. The computer program product according to claim 24, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and control, based on the degree of reliability, display of a reliability map representing a degree of reliability of a point of the first point cloud data corresponding to the attention point. | An estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: acquire first point cloud data; generate, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and estimate an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data.1. An estimation apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire first point cloud data;
generate, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and
estimate an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
select the attention point from the first point cloud data;
select, from the first point cloud data, the observation points of a predetermined number in accordance with a predetermined selection probability; and
generate, for each observation point, a vector obtained by combining coordinate components of the observation point and coordinate components of the attention point, and
wherein the second point cloud data is represented by a tensor in which components of the vector are arrayed. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor carries out the calculation of the belonging probability for each attribute by a neural network including an input layer to which the second point cloud data is input and an output layer from which the belonging probability for each attribute is output. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
repeat, a predetermined number of times, generation processing of the second point cloud data; calculate the belonging probability for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times; and calculate an integration probability for each attribute based on the belonging probability calculated for each second point cloud data. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the integration probability is an average of a plurality of belonging probabilities calculated for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times. 6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to determine an attribute having a greater integration probability as the attribute of the attention point. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; determine, when the degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value, to repeat, a predetermined additional number of times, generation of the second point cloud data and calculation of the belonging probability; and determine the attribute of the attention point by using the integration probability calculated based further on a belonging probability that is further calculated the predetermined additional number of times. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and correct an attribute and a degree of reliability of an undetermined attention point whose degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value or whose attribute is undetermined, by an attribute and a degree of reliability of an attention point whose distance from the undetermined attention point is below a distance threshold value and whose degree of reliability is greater than the reliability threshold value. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and control, based on the degree of reliability, display of a reliability map representing a degree of reliability of a point of the first point cloud data corresponding to the attention point. 10. An estimation method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
acquiring first point cloud data; generating, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and estimating an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. 11. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the generating includes:
selecting the attention point from the first point cloud data;
selecting, from the first point cloud data, the observation points of a predetermined number in accordance with a predetermined selection probability; and
generating, for each observation point, a vector obtained by combining coordinate components of the observation point and coordinate components of the attention point, and
wherein the second point cloud data is represented by a tensor in which components of the vector are arrayed. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the calculation of the belonging probability for each attribute in the estimating is carried out by a neural network including an input layer to which the second point cloud data is input and an output layer from which the belonging probability for each attribute is output. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein
the generating includes repeating, a predetermined number of times, generation processing of the second point cloud data, the estimating includes calculating the belonging probability for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times, and the method further comprises calculating an integration probability for each attribute based on the belonging probability calculated for each second point cloud data. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the integration probability is an average of a plurality of belonging probabilities calculated for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times. 15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising determining an attribute having a greater integration probability as the attribute of the attention point. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising calculating, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation,
wherein the determining the attribute includes:
determining, when the degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value, to repeat, a predetermined additional number of times, generation of the second point cloud data and calculation of the belonging probability; and
determining the attribute of the attention point by using the integration probability calculated based further on a belonging probability that is further calculated the predetermined additional number of times. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
calculating, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and correcting an attribute and a degree of reliability of an undetermined attention point whose degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value or whose attribute is undetermined, by an attribute and a degree of reliability of an attention point whose distance from the undetermined attention point is below a distance threshold value and whose degree of reliability is greater than the reliability threshold value. 18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
calculating, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and controlling, based on the degree of reliability, display of a reliability map representing a degree of reliability of a point of the first point cloud data corresponding to the attention point. 19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
acquire first point cloud data; generate, from the first point cloud data, second point cloud data in which an attention point and at least one observation point are combined, the attention point gaining attention as a target of attribute estimation; and estimate an attribute of the attention point by calculating, for each attribute, a belonging probability of belonging to the attribute by using the second point cloud data. 20. The computer program product according to claim 19,
wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
select the attention point from the first point cloud data;
select, from the first point cloud data, the observation points of a predetermined number in accordance with a predetermined selection probability; and
generate, for each observation point, a vector obtained by combining coordinate components of the observation point and coordinate components of the attention point, and
wherein the second point cloud data is represented by a tensor in which components of the vector are arrayed. 21. The computer program product according to claim 19, wherein the program instructs the computer to carry out the calculation of the belonging probability for each attribute by a neural network including an input layer to which the second point cloud data is input and an output layer from which the belonging probability for each attribute is output. 22. The computer program product according to claim 19, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
repeat, a predetermined number of times, generation processing of the second point cloud data; calculate the belonging probability for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times; and calculate an integration probability for each attribute based on the belonging probability calculated for each second point cloud data. 23. The computer program product according to claim 22, wherein the integration probability is an average of a plurality of belonging probabilities calculated for each second point cloud data generated the predetermined number of times. 24. The computer program product according to claim 22, wherein the program further instructs the computer to determine an attribute having a greater integration probability as the attribute of the attention point. 25. The computer program product according to claim 24, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; determine, when the degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value, to repeat, a predetermined additional number of times, generation of the second point cloud data and calculation of the belonging probability; and determine the attribute of the attention point by using the integration probability calculated based further on a belonging probability that is further calculated the predetermined additional number of times. 26. The computer program product according to claim 24, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and correct an attribute and a degree of reliability of an undetermined attention point whose degree of reliability is below a reliability threshold value or whose attribute is undetermined, by an attribute and a degree of reliability of an attention point whose distance from the undetermined attention point is below a distance threshold value and whose degree of reliability is greater than the reliability threshold value. 27. The computer program product according to claim 24, wherein the program further instructs the computer to:
calculate, based on the integration probability, a degree of reliability representing reliability of estimation; and control, based on the degree of reliability, display of a reliability map representing a degree of reliability of a point of the first point cloud data corresponding to the attention point. | 3,700 |
344,064 | 16,803,543 | 3,747 | A firestat for providing an output for controlling an opening and closing of a fire/smoke damper. The firestat includes a fire/smoke damper test switch and an actuator configured to depress the fire/smoke damper test switch. The firestat is further configured to release the fire/smoke damper test switch in response to a depressing force applied to the actuator, wherein melting or other damage to the actuator causes a release of the test switch. | 1. A firestat configured to provide an output for controlling an opening and closing of a fire damper, comprising:
a fire damper test switch; and an actuator configured to depress the fire damper test switch, wherein the actuator is further configured to release the fire damper test switch in response to a depressing force applied to the actuator, and wherein a destructive condition to the actuator causes a release of the test switch. 2. The firestat of claim 1, wherein releasing the fire damper test switch causes the fire damper to close and depressing of the fire damper test switch causes the fire damper to open. 3. The firestat of claim 1, wherein the actuator further comprises:
an elongated body extending along a first axis; and a contacting portion that extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 4. The firestat of claim 3, wherein depressing the fire damper test switch causes continuity allowing a current to pass through the test switch. 5. The firestat of claim 3, wherein the actuator is biased in a first direction and is configured to depress the fire damper test switch in the first direction when in a resting state, and wherein depressing the actuator causes the test switch to be released. 6. The firestat of claim 5, wherein the actuator is movable in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 7. The firestat of claim 6, wherein the actuator is biased in the first direction by an elastic member. 8. The firestat of claim 7, wherein the firestat further comprises a housing, and wherein the elastic member is contained between the housing and a cavity of the actuator. 9. The firestat of claim 5, wherein the actuator further comprises a contact portion configured to contact the test switch, wherein abutment of the test switch and the contact portion limits travel of the actuator in the first direction. 10. The firestat of claim 9, wherein melting or breakage of the contact portion due to an ambient temperature being over a temperature threshold causes the test switch to move from a depressed position to a released position. 11. The firestat of claim 10, wherein the actuator further comprises:
a cavity within the elongated body that extends along the first axis, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a spring. 12. The firestat of claim 11, further comprising:
a protrusion configured to slidably fit within the cavity. 13. The firestat of claim 12 further comprising:
an actuator receiving portion, wherein the actuator receiving portion is configured to slidably receive an outer surface of the elongated body. 14. The firestat of claim 13, wherein a housing of the firestat includes the protrusion and the actuator receiving portion, wherein the housing further comprises a test switch mounting portion for mounting the test switch thereto. 15. The firestat of claim 14, wherein the actuator includes a first end at the contact portion and a second end configured to receive a depression force, wherein the second end protrudes from an opening in the actuator receiving portion of the housing. 16. The firestat of claim 15, wherein the destructive condition comprises a melting of the actuator. 17. An apparatus for selectively depressing and releasing a fire damper test switch, comprising:
an actuator configured to depress the fire damper test switch when in a resting state, wherein depressing the actuator causes the actuator to release the fire damper test switch, and wherein failure of the actuator causes a release of the test switch. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the actuator further comprises:
an elongated body extending along a first axis; and a contacting portion that extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 19. The apparatus of claiml8, wherein the actuator is biased in a first direction to depress the fire damper test switch in a first direction when in a resting state. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein actuator is configured to release the damper test switch when the actuator is depressed in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the actuator is configured to be biased in the first direction by an elastic member. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the actuator is configured to release the damper test switch when subjected to a temperature that causes melting or breakage of the contact portion. 23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the actuator further comprises:
a cavity within the elongated body that extends along the first axis, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a spring. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the cavity of the actuator is configured to slideably receive a protrusion of a firestat housing. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the actuator further comprises an outer surface configured to be slidably received by an actuator receiving portion of the firestat housing. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the actuator is configured to contain an elastic member within the cavity of the elongated body and the protrusion of the firestat housing when the outer surface is slidably received by the actuator receiving portion of the firestat housing. | A firestat for providing an output for controlling an opening and closing of a fire/smoke damper. The firestat includes a fire/smoke damper test switch and an actuator configured to depress the fire/smoke damper test switch. The firestat is further configured to release the fire/smoke damper test switch in response to a depressing force applied to the actuator, wherein melting or other damage to the actuator causes a release of the test switch.1. A firestat configured to provide an output for controlling an opening and closing of a fire damper, comprising:
a fire damper test switch; and an actuator configured to depress the fire damper test switch, wherein the actuator is further configured to release the fire damper test switch in response to a depressing force applied to the actuator, and wherein a destructive condition to the actuator causes a release of the test switch. 2. The firestat of claim 1, wherein releasing the fire damper test switch causes the fire damper to close and depressing of the fire damper test switch causes the fire damper to open. 3. The firestat of claim 1, wherein the actuator further comprises:
an elongated body extending along a first axis; and a contacting portion that extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 4. The firestat of claim 3, wherein depressing the fire damper test switch causes continuity allowing a current to pass through the test switch. 5. The firestat of claim 3, wherein the actuator is biased in a first direction and is configured to depress the fire damper test switch in the first direction when in a resting state, and wherein depressing the actuator causes the test switch to be released. 6. The firestat of claim 5, wherein the actuator is movable in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 7. The firestat of claim 6, wherein the actuator is biased in the first direction by an elastic member. 8. The firestat of claim 7, wherein the firestat further comprises a housing, and wherein the elastic member is contained between the housing and a cavity of the actuator. 9. The firestat of claim 5, wherein the actuator further comprises a contact portion configured to contact the test switch, wherein abutment of the test switch and the contact portion limits travel of the actuator in the first direction. 10. The firestat of claim 9, wherein melting or breakage of the contact portion due to an ambient temperature being over a temperature threshold causes the test switch to move from a depressed position to a released position. 11. The firestat of claim 10, wherein the actuator further comprises:
a cavity within the elongated body that extends along the first axis, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a spring. 12. The firestat of claim 11, further comprising:
a protrusion configured to slidably fit within the cavity. 13. The firestat of claim 12 further comprising:
an actuator receiving portion, wherein the actuator receiving portion is configured to slidably receive an outer surface of the elongated body. 14. The firestat of claim 13, wherein a housing of the firestat includes the protrusion and the actuator receiving portion, wherein the housing further comprises a test switch mounting portion for mounting the test switch thereto. 15. The firestat of claim 14, wherein the actuator includes a first end at the contact portion and a second end configured to receive a depression force, wherein the second end protrudes from an opening in the actuator receiving portion of the housing. 16. The firestat of claim 15, wherein the destructive condition comprises a melting of the actuator. 17. An apparatus for selectively depressing and releasing a fire damper test switch, comprising:
an actuator configured to depress the fire damper test switch when in a resting state, wherein depressing the actuator causes the actuator to release the fire damper test switch, and wherein failure of the actuator causes a release of the test switch. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the actuator further comprises:
an elongated body extending along a first axis; and a contacting portion that extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 19. The apparatus of claiml8, wherein the actuator is biased in a first direction to depress the fire damper test switch in a first direction when in a resting state. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein actuator is configured to release the damper test switch when the actuator is depressed in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the actuator is configured to be biased in the first direction by an elastic member. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the actuator is configured to release the damper test switch when subjected to a temperature that causes melting or breakage of the contact portion. 23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the actuator further comprises:
a cavity within the elongated body that extends along the first axis, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a spring. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the cavity of the actuator is configured to slideably receive a protrusion of a firestat housing. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the actuator further comprises an outer surface configured to be slidably received by an actuator receiving portion of the firestat housing. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the actuator is configured to contain an elastic member within the cavity of the elongated body and the protrusion of the firestat housing when the outer surface is slidably received by the actuator receiving portion of the firestat housing. | 3,700 |
344,065 | 16,803,522 | 3,747 | The semiconductor device of the present invention includes an insulating layer, a high voltage coil and a low voltage coil which are disposed in the insulating layer at an interval in the vertical direction, a low potential portion which is provided in a low voltage region disposed around a high voltage region for the high voltage coil in planar view and is connected with potential lower than the high voltage coil, and an electric field shield portion which is disposed between the high voltage coil and the low voltage region and includes an electrically floated metal member. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first lead frame; a first semiconductor chip bonded to the first lead frame; a second lead frame; a second semiconductor chip bonded to the second lead frame; and an inductor chip mounted on the second lead frame, the inductor chip being placed between the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip in plan view, wherein the inductor chip comprises: a lower side inductor wiring, an upper side inductor wiring formed over the lower side inductor wiring to face each other in sectional view and formed with adjacent wirings, and a peripheral wiring surrounding the lower side inductor wiring and the upper side inductor wiring in a plan view, wherein a distance between the adjacent wirings forming the upper side inductor wiring being less than a distance between the peripheral wiring and an outermost wiring of the upper side inductor wiring. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein an insulating material is disposed between the lower side inductor wiring and the upper side inductor wiring. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein a coil protective layer is placed over the upper side inductor wiring. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the coil protective film is thicker than a thickness of the upper side inductor wiring. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the adjacent wirings of the upper side inductor wiring are disposed relative to each other with even pitches. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the lower side inductor wiring is formed with adjacent wirings wherein the adjacent wirings of the lower side inductor wiring are disposed relative to each other with even pitches. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein a wiring pattern is connected to a surface of the lower side inductor wiring and connected to an opening pad formed at a surface of the inductor chip. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the upper side inductor wiring is made of a material including copper. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the lower side inductor wiring is made of a material including copper. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein a control signal is supplied from the first semiconductor chip to the second semiconductor chip via the inductor chip. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein the first semiconductor chip, the second semiconductor chip, and the inductor chip are molded and formed as a Small Outline Package (SOP) package. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the peripheral wiring is a shield wiring. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein the opening pad is formed as a rectangular shape in plan view. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the coil protective film is made of a material including a polyimide. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 14, wherein metal wires are connected between the first semiconductor chip and the inductor chip. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein a high output voltage transistor with a high output voltage rating is formed in the second semiconductor chip, which high output voltage rating is higher than an output voltage rating of a low output voltage transistor formed in the first semiconductor chip. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein size of the inductor chip is smaller than the second semiconductor chip in plan view. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein size of the inductor chip is smaller than the first semiconductor chip in plan view. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the upper side inductor wiring is formed as including a rounded shape. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein the peripheral wiring is separated from the lower side inductor wiring and the upper side inductor wiring electrically. | The semiconductor device of the present invention includes an insulating layer, a high voltage coil and a low voltage coil which are disposed in the insulating layer at an interval in the vertical direction, a low potential portion which is provided in a low voltage region disposed around a high voltage region for the high voltage coil in planar view and is connected with potential lower than the high voltage coil, and an electric field shield portion which is disposed between the high voltage coil and the low voltage region and includes an electrically floated metal member.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first lead frame; a first semiconductor chip bonded to the first lead frame; a second lead frame; a second semiconductor chip bonded to the second lead frame; and an inductor chip mounted on the second lead frame, the inductor chip being placed between the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip in plan view, wherein the inductor chip comprises: a lower side inductor wiring, an upper side inductor wiring formed over the lower side inductor wiring to face each other in sectional view and formed with adjacent wirings, and a peripheral wiring surrounding the lower side inductor wiring and the upper side inductor wiring in a plan view, wherein a distance between the adjacent wirings forming the upper side inductor wiring being less than a distance between the peripheral wiring and an outermost wiring of the upper side inductor wiring. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein an insulating material is disposed between the lower side inductor wiring and the upper side inductor wiring. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein a coil protective layer is placed over the upper side inductor wiring. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the coil protective film is thicker than a thickness of the upper side inductor wiring. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the adjacent wirings of the upper side inductor wiring are disposed relative to each other with even pitches. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the lower side inductor wiring is formed with adjacent wirings wherein the adjacent wirings of the lower side inductor wiring are disposed relative to each other with even pitches. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein a wiring pattern is connected to a surface of the lower side inductor wiring and connected to an opening pad formed at a surface of the inductor chip. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the upper side inductor wiring is made of a material including copper. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the lower side inductor wiring is made of a material including copper. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein a control signal is supplied from the first semiconductor chip to the second semiconductor chip via the inductor chip. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein the first semiconductor chip, the second semiconductor chip, and the inductor chip are molded and formed as a Small Outline Package (SOP) package. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the peripheral wiring is a shield wiring. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein the opening pad is formed as a rectangular shape in plan view. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the coil protective film is made of a material including a polyimide. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 14, wherein metal wires are connected between the first semiconductor chip and the inductor chip. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein a high output voltage transistor with a high output voltage rating is formed in the second semiconductor chip, which high output voltage rating is higher than an output voltage rating of a low output voltage transistor formed in the first semiconductor chip. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein size of the inductor chip is smaller than the second semiconductor chip in plan view. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein size of the inductor chip is smaller than the first semiconductor chip in plan view. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the upper side inductor wiring is formed as including a rounded shape. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein the peripheral wiring is separated from the lower side inductor wiring and the upper side inductor wiring electrically. | 3,700 |
344,066 | 16,803,531 | 3,747 | The working machine includes an operator seat, an armrest arranged adjacent to the operator seat, an operation lever arranged in front of the armrest, and a jug dial arranged adjacent to the operation lever. The jog dial is arranged on a position allowing an operator seated on the operator seat to operate the operation lever and the jog dial with an arm placed on the armrest. | 1. A working machine comprising:
an operator seat; an armrest arranged adjacent to the operator seat; an operation lever arranged in front of the arm rest; and a jug dial arranged adjacent to the operation lever. 2. The working machine according to claim 1,
wherein the jog dial is arranged on a position allowing an operator seated on the operator seat to operate the operation lever and the jog dial with an arm placed on the armrest. 3. The working machine according to claim 1, comprising
a console on which the jog dial is arranged, the console having
an operating-tool attachment surface on which the jog dial is arranged,
wherein the operating-tool attachment surface inclines upward extending forward. 4. The working machine according to claim 1,
wherein the operating-tool attachment surface gradually inclines toward a side separating from the operator seat as extending backward. 5. The working machine according to claim 1, comprising
at least one button-operating portion arranged around the jog dial and configured to be pressed by an operator. 6. The working machine according to claim 1, comprising
a display device arranged in front of the jog dial, wherein the jog dial is an operating tool to operate the display device. 7. The working machine according to claim 1,
wherein the jog dial is arranged in a field of view of the operator who is seated on the operator seat and watches the display device. 8. A working machine comprising:
a cabin; an operator seat arranged in the cabin; and a console arranged between the operator seat and a side wall portion of the cabin, the console including:
a console cover having a protruding portion protruding toward the side wall portion of the cabin; and
a console supporting portion to which the console cover is attached,
wherein the protruding portion is attached to the console supporting portion and is overlapped with at least a part of the side wall portion of the cabin below the protruding portion in a planar view. 9. The working machine according to claim 8,
wherein the protruding portion is provided with a first operating tool to be operated by the operator. 10. The working machine according to claim 9,
wherein the protruding portion has an operating-tool attachment surface having a surface to which the first operating tool is attached and facing the operator seated on the operator seat, and wherein the operating-tool attachment surface inclines upward as extending forward and inclines backward as extending toward the side wall portion of the cabin. 11. The working machine according to claim 9, comprising:
an operation lever arranged between the console and the operator seat; and an armrest arranged behind the operation lever, wherein the first operating tool is arranged adjacent to the operation lever around the operation lever. 12. The working machine according to claim 11,
wherein the first operating tool is arranged on a position allowing the operator seated on the operator seat to operate the operation lever and the first operating tool with an arm placed on the armrest. 13. The working machine according to claim 9, comprising
a display device arranged in front of the first operating tool, wherein the first operating tool includes a jog dial configured to be operated the display device. 14. The working machine according to claim 8,
wherein the console cover includes:
a first divided portion attached to the console supporting portion; and
a second divided portion attached to the console supporting portion separately from the first divided portion,
and wherein the first divided portion has the protruding portion that is attached to the console supporting portion and is overlapped with at least a part of the side wall portion of the cabin in a planar view. 15. The working machine according to claim 14, comprising
a lever arranged on the console and configured to be swung in a front-rear direction, wherein the console cover includes
a guide groove through which the lever is inserted, the guide groove allowing the lever to be swung in the front-rear direction,
and wherein the guide groove is formed on both the first divided portion and the second divided portion. 16. The working machine according to claim 8,
wherein the console cover extends in the front-rear direction along the side wall portion of the cabin, and wherein the protruding portion is arranged on a front end portion of the console cover. 17. A manufacturing method of the working machine according to claim 8, comprising:
a first step for hanging a portion including the side wall portion of the cabin from above and housing the operator seat and the console supporting portion in the cabin; and a second step for attaching a portion including the protruding portion of the console cover to the console supporting portion. | The working machine includes an operator seat, an armrest arranged adjacent to the operator seat, an operation lever arranged in front of the armrest, and a jug dial arranged adjacent to the operation lever. The jog dial is arranged on a position allowing an operator seated on the operator seat to operate the operation lever and the jog dial with an arm placed on the armrest.1. A working machine comprising:
an operator seat; an armrest arranged adjacent to the operator seat; an operation lever arranged in front of the arm rest; and a jug dial arranged adjacent to the operation lever. 2. The working machine according to claim 1,
wherein the jog dial is arranged on a position allowing an operator seated on the operator seat to operate the operation lever and the jog dial with an arm placed on the armrest. 3. The working machine according to claim 1, comprising
a console on which the jog dial is arranged, the console having
an operating-tool attachment surface on which the jog dial is arranged,
wherein the operating-tool attachment surface inclines upward extending forward. 4. The working machine according to claim 1,
wherein the operating-tool attachment surface gradually inclines toward a side separating from the operator seat as extending backward. 5. The working machine according to claim 1, comprising
at least one button-operating portion arranged around the jog dial and configured to be pressed by an operator. 6. The working machine according to claim 1, comprising
a display device arranged in front of the jog dial, wherein the jog dial is an operating tool to operate the display device. 7. The working machine according to claim 1,
wherein the jog dial is arranged in a field of view of the operator who is seated on the operator seat and watches the display device. 8. A working machine comprising:
a cabin; an operator seat arranged in the cabin; and a console arranged between the operator seat and a side wall portion of the cabin, the console including:
a console cover having a protruding portion protruding toward the side wall portion of the cabin; and
a console supporting portion to which the console cover is attached,
wherein the protruding portion is attached to the console supporting portion and is overlapped with at least a part of the side wall portion of the cabin below the protruding portion in a planar view. 9. The working machine according to claim 8,
wherein the protruding portion is provided with a first operating tool to be operated by the operator. 10. The working machine according to claim 9,
wherein the protruding portion has an operating-tool attachment surface having a surface to which the first operating tool is attached and facing the operator seated on the operator seat, and wherein the operating-tool attachment surface inclines upward as extending forward and inclines backward as extending toward the side wall portion of the cabin. 11. The working machine according to claim 9, comprising:
an operation lever arranged between the console and the operator seat; and an armrest arranged behind the operation lever, wherein the first operating tool is arranged adjacent to the operation lever around the operation lever. 12. The working machine according to claim 11,
wherein the first operating tool is arranged on a position allowing the operator seated on the operator seat to operate the operation lever and the first operating tool with an arm placed on the armrest. 13. The working machine according to claim 9, comprising
a display device arranged in front of the first operating tool, wherein the first operating tool includes a jog dial configured to be operated the display device. 14. The working machine according to claim 8,
wherein the console cover includes:
a first divided portion attached to the console supporting portion; and
a second divided portion attached to the console supporting portion separately from the first divided portion,
and wherein the first divided portion has the protruding portion that is attached to the console supporting portion and is overlapped with at least a part of the side wall portion of the cabin in a planar view. 15. The working machine according to claim 14, comprising
a lever arranged on the console and configured to be swung in a front-rear direction, wherein the console cover includes
a guide groove through which the lever is inserted, the guide groove allowing the lever to be swung in the front-rear direction,
and wherein the guide groove is formed on both the first divided portion and the second divided portion. 16. The working machine according to claim 8,
wherein the console cover extends in the front-rear direction along the side wall portion of the cabin, and wherein the protruding portion is arranged on a front end portion of the console cover. 17. A manufacturing method of the working machine according to claim 8, comprising:
a first step for hanging a portion including the side wall portion of the cabin from above and housing the operator seat and the console supporting portion in the cabin; and a second step for attaching a portion including the protruding portion of the console cover to the console supporting portion. | 3,700 |
344,067 | 16,803,536 | 3,747 | An object manipulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: calculate, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects; generate information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and control actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. | 1. An object manipulation apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
calculate, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects;
generate information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and
control actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor
calculates, from the image, an object area of the object to be grasped, and calculates the evaluation value by a score representing grasping easiness of the object to be grasped indicated by the object area. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to acquire the image,
wherein the hardware processor converts an image format of the image acquired by the sensor into an image format used in the calculation of the evaluation value. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the information representing the second behavior manner includes
identification information used for identifying a picking tool, and
a grasping position/posture by the picking tool, and
the hardware processor carries out the control of the actuation of grasping the object to be grasped by using the picking tool identified by the identification information in accordance with the grasping position/posture. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor
calculates the evaluation value by using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and updates an evaluation manner of the evaluation value by updating a parameter of the CNN such that a value of a loss function of the CNN becomes smaller. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor
calculates, from the image, an object area of the object to be grasped from the image, samples candidates of a posture for grasping the object to be grasped indicated by the object area for each pixel of the object area, calculates, for each picking tool, a score representing grasping easiness in the candidates of the posture, selects a posture whose evaluation value becomes larger from the candidates of the posture, generates, as teaching data, a heatmap representing the selected posture and the evaluation value of the selected posture for each pixel of the object area, and stores, in the memory, a learning data set in which the teaching data and the image are associated with each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor
calculates the object area and the heatmap by the CNN using the learning data set, and updates the parameter of the CNN such that the value of the loss function of the CNN becomes smaller. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor
generates, as the second behavior manner, a behavior manner for obtaining an expected value of a larger accumulative reward by using a deep Q-network (DQN) based on a current observation state determined from the image and the plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner, and updates the second behavior manner by updating a parameter of the DQN such that the expected value of the accumulative reward becomes larger. 9. A handling method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
calculating, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects; generating information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and controlling actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. 10. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
calculate, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects; generate information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and control actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. | An object manipulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: calculate, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects; generate information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and control actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated.1. An object manipulation apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
calculate, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects;
generate information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and
control actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor
calculates, from the image, an object area of the object to be grasped, and calculates the evaluation value by a score representing grasping easiness of the object to be grasped indicated by the object area. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to acquire the image,
wherein the hardware processor converts an image format of the image acquired by the sensor into an image format used in the calculation of the evaluation value. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the information representing the second behavior manner includes
identification information used for identifying a picking tool, and
a grasping position/posture by the picking tool, and
the hardware processor carries out the control of the actuation of grasping the object to be grasped by using the picking tool identified by the identification information in accordance with the grasping position/posture. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor
calculates the evaluation value by using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and updates an evaluation manner of the evaluation value by updating a parameter of the CNN such that a value of a loss function of the CNN becomes smaller. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor
calculates, from the image, an object area of the object to be grasped from the image, samples candidates of a posture for grasping the object to be grasped indicated by the object area for each pixel of the object area, calculates, for each picking tool, a score representing grasping easiness in the candidates of the posture, selects a posture whose evaluation value becomes larger from the candidates of the posture, generates, as teaching data, a heatmap representing the selected posture and the evaluation value of the selected posture for each pixel of the object area, and stores, in the memory, a learning data set in which the teaching data and the image are associated with each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hardware processor
calculates the object area and the heatmap by the CNN using the learning data set, and updates the parameter of the CNN such that the value of the loss function of the CNN becomes smaller. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor
generates, as the second behavior manner, a behavior manner for obtaining an expected value of a larger accumulative reward by using a deep Q-network (DQN) based on a current observation state determined from the image and the plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner, and updates the second behavior manner by updating a parameter of the DQN such that the expected value of the accumulative reward becomes larger. 9. A handling method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
calculating, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects; generating information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and controlling actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. 10. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
calculate, based on an image in which one or more objects to be grasped are contained, an evaluation value of a first behavior manner of grasping the one or more objects; generate information representing a second behavior manner based on the image and a plurality of evaluation values of the first behavior manner; and control actuation of grasping the object to be grasped in accordance with the information being generated. | 3,700 |
344,068 | 16,803,517 | 3,747 | A variable exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud and an inner plug. The outer shroud is arranged circumferentially about an axis. The inner plug extends along the axis and is at least partially located within the outer shroud. At least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug are movable selectively to cause a variable area region of the variable exhaust nozzle to change. | 1. A variable exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the variable exhaust nozzle comprising
an inner plug that extends axially between a nose and a terminal tail end of the inner plug to define an inner boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path that extends circumferentially about an axis, an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug to define an outer boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the outer shroud extends axially between a forward axial location and a terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, and a variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path being defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud and defined radially between the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface, and an actuation controller configured to move selectively one of the outer shroud and the inner plug axially relative to the other of the outer shroud and the inner plug through a plurality of positions to change the variable area region, the plurality of positions includes a first plurality of positions and a second plurality of positions different from the first plurality of positions, the first plurality of positions includes a first end position in which the variable area region converges without diverging and a second end position in which the variable area region converges to a throat and then diverges aft of the throat, and wherein the actuation controller is configured to selectively stop and hold the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the first plurality of positions and the actuation controller is blocked from selectively stopping and holding the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the second plurality of positions. 2. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the second plurality of positions includes only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug which cause the variable area region to have a first throat with a first area and a second throat with a second area that is within about 5 percent or less of the first area. 3. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 2, wherein the second set of positions include only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in which the second area is within about 2 percent or less of the first area. 4. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug through the second plurality of positions at a speed that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold speed. 5. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 4, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug at a speed that is less than the predetermined threshold speed when moving among and through the first plurality of positions. 6. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of positions includes a subset of forward positions and a subset of aft positions and the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug moves through the second plurality of positions when moving from the subset of forward positions to the subset of aft positions. 7. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the outer boundary surface decreases in diameter as the outer shroud extends axially aft from the forward axial location to the terminal shroud end. 8. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 7, wherein the inner boundary surface increases in diameter and then decreases in diameter as the inner plug extends axially aft from the nose to the terminal tail end. 9. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the actuation controller is further configured to receive a first input indicative that a gas turbine engine is in a take-off mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the first end position in response to receiving the first input and to receive a second input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a cruise mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the second end position in response to receiving the second input. 10. A variable exhaust nozzle comprising
an inner plug arranged circumferentially about an axis, an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug, an actuation controller configured to move selectively one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the other of the outer shroud and the inner plug through a plurality of positions that includes a first plurality of positions and a second plurality of positions different from the first plurality of positions, wherein the actuation controller is configured to selectively stop and hold the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the first plurality of positions and the actuation controller is blocked from selectively stopping and holding the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the second plurality of positions. 11. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of positions includes a first end position and a second end position that defines movement limits of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug, the outer shroud has a terminal shroud end, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail of the inner plug, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, and the variable area region converges without diverging when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the first end position. 12. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 11, wherein the variable area region converges to a throat and then diverges aft of the throat when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the second end position. 13. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug axially relative to the axis through the second plurality of positions at a speed that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold speed. 14. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 13, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug axially relative to the axis at a speed that is less than the predetermined threshold speed when moving among and through the first plurality of positions. 15. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the outer shroud has a terminal shroud end, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail of the inner plug, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, the second plurality of positions includes only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug which cause the variable area region to have a first throat with a first area and a second throat with a second area that is within about 5 percent or less of the first area. 16. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 15, wherein the second set of positions include only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in which the second area is within about 2 percent or less of the first area. 17. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of positions includes a subset of forward positions and a subset of aft positions and the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug moves through the second plurality of positions when moving from the subset of forward positions to the subset of aft positions. 18. A method of operating a variable exhaust nozzle adapted for use with a gas turbine engine, the method comprising
providing an inner plug arranged circumferentially about an axis and an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug, moving one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the other one of the outer shroud and the inner plug between a first plurality of positions and a second plurality of positions, holding selectively the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in position relative to the other of the outer shroud in any of the first plurality of positions, and blocking the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug from being held in position relative to the other of the outer shroud in any of the second plurality of positions. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the outer shroud has a terminal shroud end, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, and the first plurality of positions includes a first position in which the variable area region converges in area and a second position in which the variable area region converges in area and then diverges in area. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a throat location of the variable area region cycles between axial locations when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is moving through the second plurality of positions, the method further comprises determining a transition speed for moving the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug through the second plurality of positions based at least on a limit of throat axial location cycles, and the method further comprises moving the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the other one of the outer shroud and the inner plug through the second plurality of positions at the transition speed. | A variable exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud and an inner plug. The outer shroud is arranged circumferentially about an axis. The inner plug extends along the axis and is at least partially located within the outer shroud. At least one of the outer shroud and the inner plug are movable selectively to cause a variable area region of the variable exhaust nozzle to change.1. A variable exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the variable exhaust nozzle comprising
an inner plug that extends axially between a nose and a terminal tail end of the inner plug to define an inner boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path that extends circumferentially about an axis, an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug to define an outer boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, the outer shroud extends axially between a forward axial location and a terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, and a variable area region of the exhaust nozzle flow path being defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud and defined radially between the outer boundary surface and the inner boundary surface, and an actuation controller configured to move selectively one of the outer shroud and the inner plug axially relative to the other of the outer shroud and the inner plug through a plurality of positions to change the variable area region, the plurality of positions includes a first plurality of positions and a second plurality of positions different from the first plurality of positions, the first plurality of positions includes a first end position in which the variable area region converges without diverging and a second end position in which the variable area region converges to a throat and then diverges aft of the throat, and wherein the actuation controller is configured to selectively stop and hold the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the first plurality of positions and the actuation controller is blocked from selectively stopping and holding the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the second plurality of positions. 2. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the second plurality of positions includes only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug which cause the variable area region to have a first throat with a first area and a second throat with a second area that is within about 5 percent or less of the first area. 3. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 2, wherein the second set of positions include only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in which the second area is within about 2 percent or less of the first area. 4. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug through the second plurality of positions at a speed that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold speed. 5. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 4, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug at a speed that is less than the predetermined threshold speed when moving among and through the first plurality of positions. 6. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of positions includes a subset of forward positions and a subset of aft positions and the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug moves through the second plurality of positions when moving from the subset of forward positions to the subset of aft positions. 7. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the outer boundary surface decreases in diameter as the outer shroud extends axially aft from the forward axial location to the terminal shroud end. 8. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 7, wherein the inner boundary surface increases in diameter and then decreases in diameter as the inner plug extends axially aft from the nose to the terminal tail end. 9. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 1, wherein the actuation controller is further configured to receive a first input indicative that a gas turbine engine is in a take-off mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the first end position in response to receiving the first input and to receive a second input indicative that the gas turbine engine is in a cruise mode and to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug to the second end position in response to receiving the second input. 10. A variable exhaust nozzle comprising
an inner plug arranged circumferentially about an axis, an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug, an actuation controller configured to move selectively one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the other of the outer shroud and the inner plug through a plurality of positions that includes a first plurality of positions and a second plurality of positions different from the first plurality of positions, wherein the actuation controller is configured to selectively stop and hold the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the first plurality of positions and the actuation controller is blocked from selectively stopping and holding the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in any of the second plurality of positions. 11. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of positions includes a first end position and a second end position that defines movement limits of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug, the outer shroud has a terminal shroud end, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail of the inner plug, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, and the variable area region converges without diverging when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the first end position. 12. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 11, wherein the variable area region converges to a throat and then diverges aft of the throat when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is in the second end position. 13. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug axially relative to the axis through the second plurality of positions at a speed that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold speed. 14. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 13, wherein the actuation controller is configured to move the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug axially relative to the axis at a speed that is less than the predetermined threshold speed when moving among and through the first plurality of positions. 15. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the outer shroud has a terminal shroud end, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail of the inner plug, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, the second plurality of positions includes only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug which cause the variable area region to have a first throat with a first area and a second throat with a second area that is within about 5 percent or less of the first area. 16. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 15, wherein the second set of positions include only positions of the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in which the second area is within about 2 percent or less of the first area. 17. The variable exhaust nozzle of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of positions includes a subset of forward positions and a subset of aft positions and the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug moves through the second plurality of positions when moving from the subset of forward positions to the subset of aft positions. 18. A method of operating a variable exhaust nozzle adapted for use with a gas turbine engine, the method comprising
providing an inner plug arranged circumferentially about an axis and an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about the inner plug, moving one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the other one of the outer shroud and the inner plug between a first plurality of positions and a second plurality of positions, holding selectively the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug in position relative to the other of the outer shroud in any of the first plurality of positions, and blocking the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug from being held in position relative to the other of the outer shroud in any of the second plurality of positions. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the outer shroud has a terminal shroud end, the inner plug extends axially between a nose and a tail, the inner plug and the outer shroud cooperate to form an exhaust nozzle flow path having a variable area region defined axially between the nose of the inner plug and the terminal shroud end of the outer shroud, and the first plurality of positions includes a first position in which the variable area region converges in area and a second position in which the variable area region converges in area and then diverges in area. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a throat location of the variable area region cycles between axial locations when the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug is moving through the second plurality of positions, the method further comprises determining a transition speed for moving the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug through the second plurality of positions based at least on a limit of throat axial location cycles, and the method further comprises moving the one of the outer shroud and the inner plug relative to the other one of the outer shroud and the inner plug through the second plurality of positions at the transition speed. | 3,700 |
344,069 | 16,803,518 | 3,747 | Disclosed embodiments include power machines having doors with a display that allows the display of information, such as gauges, user inputs, mapped obstacles, boundaries, etc., allowing the operator of the machine to see the displayed information closer to the line of sight with the work area. | 1. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable with respect to the cab between a closed position and an open position and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of the cab when in the open position; and a display configured to display information to the operator of the power machine, the display being visible to the operator when looking through the cab door when the cab door is in the closed position, and the display configured to allow at least partial visibility through the door to view a work area outside of the cab. 2. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the display includes a heads-up display system with a rear projection display device configured to display the information on a transparent material positioned in front of the operator in the cab. 3. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the display includes display material integrated into the cab door. 4. The power machine of claim 3, wherein the display with the display material integrated into the cab door is a touchscreen display allowing the operator to provide input through the display to control one or more machine functions and/or display parameters. 5. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to control the one or more display parameters by selecting information to be displayed. 6. The power machine of claim 5, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to allow the operator to reconfigure the display of information. 7. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to display augmented control information. 8. The power machine of claim 7, wherein the display being configured to display augmented control information includes the display being configured to display augmented reality images for the work area, the augmented reality images including at least one of representations of obstructions, defined paths, virtual roads, and boundaries. 9. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the cab door is located over an opening at a front of the cab. 10. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable between a closed position and an open position with respect to the cab and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of a front of the cab when the cab door is in the open position; and a display integrated into the cab door, the display having display material configured to display information to the operator of the power machine when the door is in the closed position while also allowing at least partial visibility through the display material of a work area outside of the cab. 11. The power machine of claim 10, wherein the display with the display material integrated into the cab door is a touchscreen display allowing the operator to provide input through the display to control one or more machine functions and/or display parameters. 12. The power machine of claim 11, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to control the one or more display parameters by selecting information to be displayed responsive to operator touchscreen input. 13. The power machine of claim 12, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to allow the operator to reconfigure the display of information. 14. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable with respect to the cab and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of a front of the cab; a display visible to the operator when looking through the cab door, the display having display material configured to allow at least partial visibility through the display material of a work area outside of the cab, the display further configured to display information to the operator of the power machine; and a controller configured to control the display to display augmented reality information. 15. The power machine of claim 14, wherein the augmented reality information includes augmented reality images for the work area. 16. The power machine of claim 15, wherein the augmented reality images include representations of obstructions. 17. The power machine of claim 15, wherein the augmented reality images include representations of at least one of defined paths, virtual roads, and boundaries. 18. The power machine of claim 14, wherein the display includes a heads-up display system with a rear projection display device configured to display the augmented reality information on a transparent material positioned in front of the operator in the cab. 19. The power machine of claim 14, wherein the display includes display material integrated into the cab door. 20. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable with respect to the cab and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of the cab; and a touchscreen display integrated into the cab door, the touch screen display having display material configured to display information to the operator of the power machine while allowing at least partial visibility through the display material of a work area outside of the cab, the touchscreen display configured to allow the operator to provide input through the touchscreen display to control one or more machine functions and/or display parameters. 21. The power machine of claim 20, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to control the one or more display parameters by selecting information to be displayed. 22. The power machine of claim 21, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to allow the operator to reconfigure the display of information. 23. A power machine comprising:
a frame; a cab mounted on the frame; a lift arm mounted to the frame and capable of moving under power to perform a work function; a transparent surface on a portion of the cab, that allows an operator to see outside the cab; and a display configured to display information to the operator of the power machine, the display being visible to the operator when looking through the transparent surface, and the display configured to allow at least partial visibility through the transparent surface to view a work area outside of the cab. | Disclosed embodiments include power machines having doors with a display that allows the display of information, such as gauges, user inputs, mapped obstacles, boundaries, etc., allowing the operator of the machine to see the displayed information closer to the line of sight with the work area.1. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable with respect to the cab between a closed position and an open position and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of the cab when in the open position; and a display configured to display information to the operator of the power machine, the display being visible to the operator when looking through the cab door when the cab door is in the closed position, and the display configured to allow at least partial visibility through the door to view a work area outside of the cab. 2. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the display includes a heads-up display system with a rear projection display device configured to display the information on a transparent material positioned in front of the operator in the cab. 3. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the display includes display material integrated into the cab door. 4. The power machine of claim 3, wherein the display with the display material integrated into the cab door is a touchscreen display allowing the operator to provide input through the display to control one or more machine functions and/or display parameters. 5. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to control the one or more display parameters by selecting information to be displayed. 6. The power machine of claim 5, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to allow the operator to reconfigure the display of information. 7. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to display augmented control information. 8. The power machine of claim 7, wherein the display being configured to display augmented control information includes the display being configured to display augmented reality images for the work area, the augmented reality images including at least one of representations of obstructions, defined paths, virtual roads, and boundaries. 9. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the cab door is located over an opening at a front of the cab. 10. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable between a closed position and an open position with respect to the cab and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of a front of the cab when the cab door is in the open position; and a display integrated into the cab door, the display having display material configured to display information to the operator of the power machine when the door is in the closed position while also allowing at least partial visibility through the display material of a work area outside of the cab. 11. The power machine of claim 10, wherein the display with the display material integrated into the cab door is a touchscreen display allowing the operator to provide input through the display to control one or more machine functions and/or display parameters. 12. The power machine of claim 11, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to control the one or more display parameters by selecting information to be displayed responsive to operator touchscreen input. 13. The power machine of claim 12, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to allow the operator to reconfigure the display of information. 14. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable with respect to the cab and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of a front of the cab; a display visible to the operator when looking through the cab door, the display having display material configured to allow at least partial visibility through the display material of a work area outside of the cab, the display further configured to display information to the operator of the power machine; and a controller configured to control the display to display augmented reality information. 15. The power machine of claim 14, wherein the augmented reality information includes augmented reality images for the work area. 16. The power machine of claim 15, wherein the augmented reality images include representations of obstructions. 17. The power machine of claim 15, wherein the augmented reality images include representations of at least one of defined paths, virtual roads, and boundaries. 18. The power machine of claim 14, wherein the display includes a heads-up display system with a rear projection display device configured to display the augmented reality information on a transparent material positioned in front of the operator in the cab. 19. The power machine of claim 14, wherein the display includes display material integrated into the cab door. 20. A power machine comprising:
a cab; a cab door moveable with respect to the cab and configured to allow an operator to enter into and exit out of the cab; and a touchscreen display integrated into the cab door, the touch screen display having display material configured to display information to the operator of the power machine while allowing at least partial visibility through the display material of a work area outside of the cab, the touchscreen display configured to allow the operator to provide input through the touchscreen display to control one or more machine functions and/or display parameters. 21. The power machine of claim 20, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to control the one or more display parameters by selecting information to be displayed. 22. The power machine of claim 21, wherein the touchscreen display is configured to allow the operator to reconfigure the display of information. 23. A power machine comprising:
a frame; a cab mounted on the frame; a lift arm mounted to the frame and capable of moving under power to perform a work function; a transparent surface on a portion of the cab, that allows an operator to see outside the cab; and a display configured to display information to the operator of the power machine, the display being visible to the operator when looking through the transparent surface, and the display configured to allow at least partial visibility through the transparent surface to view a work area outside of the cab. | 3,700 |
344,070 | 16,803,530 | 3,747 | A vehicle control signal generator includes emulation circuitry for emulating at least one operation of at least one vehicle control circuit. The emulation circuitry is programmed or configured to determine or receive user input and based at least partially on the user input, generate at least one control signal for controlling at least one of the following onboard vehicle subsystems: a propulsion system, a train line control system, an air brake system, a dynamic braking system, a head of train (HOT) system, an end of train telemetry (EOT) system, a 4-Aspect cab signaling system, a positive train control (PTC) system, an event recorder system, or any combination thereof. | 1. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive vehicle control (PVC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PVC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 2. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 3. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 4. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 5. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 6. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 7. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 6, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 8. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a monitoring component configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the monitoring component configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 9. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 10. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the monitoring component includes a positive vehicle control (PVC) system. 11. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 12. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 13. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 14. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 15. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 14, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 16. A rail vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a rail vehicle system and to emulate control of the rail vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system or a braking system of the rail vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system, the control signal configured to actually control operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive train control (PTC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PTC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 17. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 18. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the rail vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 19. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 20. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 19, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the rail vehicle system. | A vehicle control signal generator includes emulation circuitry for emulating at least one operation of at least one vehicle control circuit. The emulation circuitry is programmed or configured to determine or receive user input and based at least partially on the user input, generate at least one control signal for controlling at least one of the following onboard vehicle subsystems: a propulsion system, a train line control system, an air brake system, a dynamic braking system, a head of train (HOT) system, an end of train telemetry (EOT) system, a 4-Aspect cab signaling system, a positive train control (PTC) system, an event recorder system, or any combination thereof.1. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive vehicle control (PVC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PVC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 2. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 3. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 4. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 5. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 6. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 7. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 6, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 8. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a monitoring component configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the monitoring component configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 9. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 10. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the monitoring component includes a positive vehicle control (PVC) system. 11. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 12. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 13. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 14. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 15. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 14, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 16. A rail vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a rail vehicle system and to emulate control of the rail vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system or a braking system of the rail vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system, the control signal configured to actually control operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive train control (PTC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PTC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 17. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 18. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the rail vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 19. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 20. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 19, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the rail vehicle system. | 3,700 |
344,071 | 16,803,526 | 3,747 | A vehicle control signal generator includes emulation circuitry for emulating at least one operation of at least one vehicle control circuit. The emulation circuitry is programmed or configured to determine or receive user input and based at least partially on the user input, generate at least one control signal for controlling at least one of the following onboard vehicle subsystems: a propulsion system, a train line control system, an air brake system, a dynamic braking system, a head of train (HOT) system, an end of train telemetry (EOT) system, a 4-Aspect cab signaling system, a positive train control (PTC) system, an event recorder system, or any combination thereof. | 1. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive vehicle control (PVC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PVC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 2. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 3. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 4. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 5. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 6. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 7. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 6, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 8. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a monitoring component configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the monitoring component configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 9. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 10. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the monitoring component includes a positive vehicle control (PVC) system. 11. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 12. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 13. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 14. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 15. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 14, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 16. A rail vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a rail vehicle system and to emulate control of the rail vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system or a braking system of the rail vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system, the control signal configured to actually control operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive train control (PTC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PTC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 17. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 18. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the rail vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 19. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 20. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 19, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the rail vehicle system. | A vehicle control signal generator includes emulation circuitry for emulating at least one operation of at least one vehicle control circuit. The emulation circuitry is programmed or configured to determine or receive user input and based at least partially on the user input, generate at least one control signal for controlling at least one of the following onboard vehicle subsystems: a propulsion system, a train line control system, an air brake system, a dynamic braking system, a head of train (HOT) system, an end of train telemetry (EOT) system, a 4-Aspect cab signaling system, a positive train control (PTC) system, an event recorder system, or any combination thereof.1. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive vehicle control (PVC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PVC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 2. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 3. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 4. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 5. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 6. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 1, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 7. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 6, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 8. A vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a vehicle system and to emulate control of the vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system of the vehicle system to propel the vehicle system or a braking system of the vehicle system to slow or stop movement of the vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a monitoring component configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the monitoring component configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 9. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the emulation circuitry is configured to output the control signal during emulated control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system remains stationary to be identical to another control signal that is generated during actual control of the vehicle system while the vehicle system is moving. 10. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, wherein the monitoring component includes a positive vehicle control (PVC) system. 11. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 12. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 13. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 10, wherein the PVC system is configured to direct a display to present a notification to the operator indicating that the operator input is not permitted. 14. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 8, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 15. The vehicle control signal generator of claim 14, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the vehicle system. 16. A rail vehicle control signal generator comprising:
emulation circuitry configured to receive operator input for a rail vehicle system and to emulate control of the rail vehicle system based on the operator input, the emulation circuitry configured to generate a control signal configured to control one or more of a propulsion system or a braking system of the rail vehicle system, the emulation circuitry configured to output the control signal based on the operator input without sending the control signal to the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system to change operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system, the control signal configured to actually control operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system; and a positive train control (PTC) system configured to be disposed onboard the vehicle system and to determine operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system as directed by the control signal that is output by the emulation circuitry, the PTC system configured to generate an output signal to notify the operator whether the operation of the one or more of the propulsion system or the braking system is permissible. 17. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the vehicle system to continue moving toward an upcoming segment of the route while the vehicle system is not allowed to enter into the upcoming segment of the route. 18. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, wherein the PTC system is configured to determine whether the control signal directs the rail vehicle system to continue moving faster than a speed limit. 19. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 16, further comprising:
an event recorder configured to store data indicative of the control signal from the emulation circuitry and the output signal from the monitoring component. 20. The rail vehicle control signal generator of claim 19, wherein the event recorder is configured to repeat one or more of the control signal or the output signal during playback of the data stored in the event recorder to repeat emulated control of the rail vehicle system. | 3,700 |
344,072 | 16,803,527 | 3,747 | An apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system, including a membrane and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system, including a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement comprising a gas separation membrane for separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas in the first subsystem; a heater for heating air supplied to the apparatus; and a thermostat for controlling the heater and thereby maintaining the supplied air at a selected temperature. | 1. In apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system, including a membrane and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system, including a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement comprising:
a) a gas separation membrane for separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas in the first subsystem; b) a heater for heating air supplied to the apparatus; and c) a thermostat for controlling the heater and thereby maintaining the supplied air at a selected temperature. 2. In a method of drying granular resin material in a hopper including supplying a first portion of air to a membrane; heating gas supplied by the membrane and supplying the heated supplied gas to a first portion of the hopper; supplying a portion of incoming compressed air independently of the membrane to a mixing device; withdrawing heating gas from the hopper and using the mixing device to mix the withdrawn heating gas with incoming compressed air;
and supplying the resulting mixture of gases to a second portion of the hopper to heat granular resin material in hopper, the improvement comprising: a) furnishing inert gas from a gas separation membrane as the first portion of heating gas; and b) regulating temperature of the gas separation membrane by controlling temperature of compressed air supplied thereto to maintain the gas separation membrane at a preselected temperature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the improvement further comprises passing heated drying gas through the granular resin material in the hopper in a direction opposite that of granular resin material travel through the hopper. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the improvement further comprises withdrawing inert heating gas from the hopper in an amount several times the amount of compressed air supplied to the mixing device. 5. The method of claim 2 further comprising passing the compressed air through the mixing device to induce withdrawal of inert heating gas from the hopper. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising supplying an air-inert gas mixture to the second portion of the hopper in an amount several times the amount of inert gas supplied to the first portion of the hopper. 7. In apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system, including a membrane dryer and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane dryer to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system, including a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement comprising:
a) a gas separation membrane for separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas to the first and second subsystems; b) a heater for supplying heat to the gas separation membrane; and c) a thermostat for controlling the gas separation membrane heater and thereby maintaining the gas separation membrane at a selected temperature. 8. In a method of drying granular resin material in a hopper including supplying a first portion of gas to a membrane dryer; heating gas dried by the membrane dryer and supplying the heated drying gas to a first portion of the hopper; supplying a second portion of heating gas independently of the membrane dryer to a gas mixing device; withdrawing heating gas from the hopper and using the mixing device to mix the withdrawn gas with the second portion of gas; and supplying the mixed gases to a second portion of the hopper to heat granular resin material in hopper, the improvement comprising:
a) furnishing inert gas from a gas separation membrane as the first and second portions of heating gas; and b) regulating temperature of the gas separation membrane by controlling application of heat thereto to maintain the gas separation membrane at a preselected temperature. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the improvement further comprises passing heated drying gas through the granular resin material in the hopper in a direction opposite that of granular resin material travel through the hopper. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the improvement further comprises withdrawing inert gas from the hopper in an amount several times the amount of the second portion of inert gas supplied to the mixing device. 11. The method of claim 8 further comprising passing the second portion of inert heating gas through the mixing device to induce withdrawal of inert heating gas from the hopper. 12. The method of claim 8 further comprising supplying mixed inert gases to the second portion of the hopper in an amount several times the amount of inert gas supplied to the first portion of the hopper. 13. In apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system having a membrane dryer and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane dryer to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system having a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement consisting of:
a) a gas separation membrane separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas to the first and second subsystems; b) a heater supplying heat to the gas separation membrane; and c) a thermostat for controlling the gas separation membrane heater to maintain the gas separation membrane at a selected temperature. 14. In a method of drying granular resin material in a hopper including supplying a first portion of gas to a membrane dryer, heating gas dried by the membrane dryer and supplying the heated drying gas to a first portion of the hopper; supplying a second portion of heating gas independently of the membrane dryer to a gas mixing device; withdrawing heating gas from the hopper with the mixing device mixing the withdrawn gas with the second portion of gas; and supplying the mixed gases to a second portion of the hopper to heat granular resin material in hopper, the improvement consisting of:
a) furnishing inert gas from a gas separation membrane as the first and second portions of heating gas; and b) controlling application of heat to the gas separation membrane to maintain the gas separation membrane at a preselected temperature. 15. An apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper, comprising:
a conduit configured to direct inlet air to the apparatus; a first heater in fluid communication with the conduit and configured to heat substantially all of the inlet air supplied to the apparatus; a gas separation membrane in fluid communication with the first heater, the gas separation membrane being configured to receive no more than a first portion of the inlet air exiting the first heater, and to separate inert gases from the first portion of the inlet air; a second heater in fluid communication with the gas separation membrane and the hopper, the second heater being configured to heat the inert gases, and to supply the heated inert gases to a first portion of the hopper; a mixing device in fluid communication the first heater and the hopper, the mixing device being configured to induce withdrawal of gas from within the hopper, and to mix the withdrawn gas with a second portion of the inlet air exiting the first heater; and a third heater in fluid communication with the mixing device and the hopper, the third heater being configured to heat the mixture of the withdrawn gases and the second portion of the inlet air, and to supply the heated mixture to a second portion of the hopper. 16. An apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper, comprising:
a conduit configured to direct inlet air to the apparatus; a first heater in fluid communication with the conduit and configured to heat substantially all of the inlet air supplied to the apparatus; a gas separation membrane in fluid communication with the first heater, the gas separation membrane being configured to receive substantially all of the inlet air exiting the first heater, and to separate inert gases from the inlet air; a membrane dryer in fluid communication with the gas separation membrane, the membrane dryer being configured to receive no more than a first portion of the inert gases exiting the gas separation membrane, and to dry the first portion of the inert gases; a second heater in fluid communication with the membrane dryer and the hopper, the second heater being configured to heat the first portion of the inert gases, and to supply the heated inert gases to a first portion of the hopper; a mixing device in fluid communication the gas separation membrane and the hopper, the mixing device being configured to induce withdrawal of gas from within the hopper, and to mix the withdrawn gas with a second portion of the inert gases exiting the gas separation membrane; and | An apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system, including a membrane and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system, including a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement comprising a gas separation membrane for separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas in the first subsystem; a heater for heating air supplied to the apparatus; and a thermostat for controlling the heater and thereby maintaining the supplied air at a selected temperature.1. In apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system, including a membrane and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system, including a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement comprising:
a) a gas separation membrane for separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas in the first subsystem; b) a heater for heating air supplied to the apparatus; and c) a thermostat for controlling the heater and thereby maintaining the supplied air at a selected temperature. 2. In a method of drying granular resin material in a hopper including supplying a first portion of air to a membrane; heating gas supplied by the membrane and supplying the heated supplied gas to a first portion of the hopper; supplying a portion of incoming compressed air independently of the membrane to a mixing device; withdrawing heating gas from the hopper and using the mixing device to mix the withdrawn heating gas with incoming compressed air;
and supplying the resulting mixture of gases to a second portion of the hopper to heat granular resin material in hopper, the improvement comprising: a) furnishing inert gas from a gas separation membrane as the first portion of heating gas; and b) regulating temperature of the gas separation membrane by controlling temperature of compressed air supplied thereto to maintain the gas separation membrane at a preselected temperature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the improvement further comprises passing heated drying gas through the granular resin material in the hopper in a direction opposite that of granular resin material travel through the hopper. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the improvement further comprises withdrawing inert heating gas from the hopper in an amount several times the amount of compressed air supplied to the mixing device. 5. The method of claim 2 further comprising passing the compressed air through the mixing device to induce withdrawal of inert heating gas from the hopper. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising supplying an air-inert gas mixture to the second portion of the hopper in an amount several times the amount of inert gas supplied to the first portion of the hopper. 7. In apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system, including a membrane dryer and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane dryer to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system, including a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement comprising:
a) a gas separation membrane for separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas to the first and second subsystems; b) a heater for supplying heat to the gas separation membrane; and c) a thermostat for controlling the gas separation membrane heater and thereby maintaining the gas separation membrane at a selected temperature. 8. In a method of drying granular resin material in a hopper including supplying a first portion of gas to a membrane dryer; heating gas dried by the membrane dryer and supplying the heated drying gas to a first portion of the hopper; supplying a second portion of heating gas independently of the membrane dryer to a gas mixing device; withdrawing heating gas from the hopper and using the mixing device to mix the withdrawn gas with the second portion of gas; and supplying the mixed gases to a second portion of the hopper to heat granular resin material in hopper, the improvement comprising:
a) furnishing inert gas from a gas separation membrane as the first and second portions of heating gas; and b) regulating temperature of the gas separation membrane by controlling application of heat thereto to maintain the gas separation membrane at a preselected temperature. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the improvement further comprises passing heated drying gas through the granular resin material in the hopper in a direction opposite that of granular resin material travel through the hopper. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the improvement further comprises withdrawing inert gas from the hopper in an amount several times the amount of the second portion of inert gas supplied to the mixing device. 11. The method of claim 8 further comprising passing the second portion of inert heating gas through the mixing device to induce withdrawal of inert heating gas from the hopper. 12. The method of claim 8 further comprising supplying mixed inert gases to the second portion of the hopper in an amount several times the amount of inert gas supplied to the first portion of the hopper. 13. In apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper including a first sub-system having a membrane dryer and a heater receiving drying gas from the membrane dryer to be heated, the first sub-system supplying dried heated gas to a first portion of the hopper; and a second sub-system having a mixing device and a heater for receiving drying gas from the mixing device to be heated, the mixing device inducing withdrawal of gas from the hopper and mixing the withdrawn gas with gas supplied from the first subsystem, the mixed gases being heated and supplied to a second portion of the hopper, the improvement consisting of:
a) a gas separation membrane separating inert gases from air supplied to the apparatus and providing the separated inert gas to the first and second subsystems; b) a heater supplying heat to the gas separation membrane; and c) a thermostat for controlling the gas separation membrane heater to maintain the gas separation membrane at a selected temperature. 14. In a method of drying granular resin material in a hopper including supplying a first portion of gas to a membrane dryer, heating gas dried by the membrane dryer and supplying the heated drying gas to a first portion of the hopper; supplying a second portion of heating gas independently of the membrane dryer to a gas mixing device; withdrawing heating gas from the hopper with the mixing device mixing the withdrawn gas with the second portion of gas; and supplying the mixed gases to a second portion of the hopper to heat granular resin material in hopper, the improvement consisting of:
a) furnishing inert gas from a gas separation membrane as the first and second portions of heating gas; and b) controlling application of heat to the gas separation membrane to maintain the gas separation membrane at a preselected temperature. 15. An apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper, comprising:
a conduit configured to direct inlet air to the apparatus; a first heater in fluid communication with the conduit and configured to heat substantially all of the inlet air supplied to the apparatus; a gas separation membrane in fluid communication with the first heater, the gas separation membrane being configured to receive no more than a first portion of the inlet air exiting the first heater, and to separate inert gases from the first portion of the inlet air; a second heater in fluid communication with the gas separation membrane and the hopper, the second heater being configured to heat the inert gases, and to supply the heated inert gases to a first portion of the hopper; a mixing device in fluid communication the first heater and the hopper, the mixing device being configured to induce withdrawal of gas from within the hopper, and to mix the withdrawn gas with a second portion of the inlet air exiting the first heater; and a third heater in fluid communication with the mixing device and the hopper, the third heater being configured to heat the mixture of the withdrawn gases and the second portion of the inlet air, and to supply the heated mixture to a second portion of the hopper. 16. An apparatus for drying granular resin material in a hopper, comprising:
a conduit configured to direct inlet air to the apparatus; a first heater in fluid communication with the conduit and configured to heat substantially all of the inlet air supplied to the apparatus; a gas separation membrane in fluid communication with the first heater, the gas separation membrane being configured to receive substantially all of the inlet air exiting the first heater, and to separate inert gases from the inlet air; a membrane dryer in fluid communication with the gas separation membrane, the membrane dryer being configured to receive no more than a first portion of the inert gases exiting the gas separation membrane, and to dry the first portion of the inert gases; a second heater in fluid communication with the membrane dryer and the hopper, the second heater being configured to heat the first portion of the inert gases, and to supply the heated inert gases to a first portion of the hopper; a mixing device in fluid communication the gas separation membrane and the hopper, the mixing device being configured to induce withdrawal of gas from within the hopper, and to mix the withdrawn gas with a second portion of the inert gases exiting the gas separation membrane; and | 3,700 |
344,073 | 16,803,535 | 3,747 | An exhaust nozzle for use with a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud and a nozzle-plug assembly coupled to the outer shroud. The nozzle-plug assembly includes an inner plug and at least one support vane that is coupled to the outer shroud to support the inner plug in an exhaust nozzle flow path. | 1. A gas turbine engine comprising
an engine core including a compressor configured to receive and compress an airflow, a combustor configured to receive a compressed airflow from the compressor and combust the compressed airflow to produce hot, high-pressure combustion products, and a turbine configured to interact with the high-pressure combustion products, and an exhaust nozzle configured to receive the high-pressure combustion products from the engine core and discharge the high-pressure combustion products to the atmosphere, the exhaust nozzle including an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path and a nozzle-plug assembly arranged in the exhaust nozzle flow path, wherein the nozzle-plug assembly includes an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, at least one support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, and an expansion-permissive link that interconnects the inner plug to the support vane to support inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path while allowing thermal expansion and contraction of the inner plug and the support vane relative to one another. 2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the support vane includes a vane-support frame that interconnects the outer shroud and the inner plug to support the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path and an outer vane shell coupled to the vane-support frame to provide an outer flow path boundary for the at least one support vane. 3. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the vane-support frame includes a plurality of support beams and an endplate coupled to the plurality of support beams and wherein the inner plug includes a plug support frame that is spaced apart from the endplate by a first distance when the exhaust nozzle is in a cold-build state and is spaced apart from the endplate by a second distance, less than the first distance, when the exhaust nozzle is in a hot-use state. 4. The gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein the expansion-permissive link includes a load shaft that extends through apertures formed in both the endplate and the plug-support frame, a first bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the endplate of the vane-support structure, and a second bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the plug-support frame. 5. The gas turbine engine of claim 4, wherein the load shaft is configured to translate relative to the first and second bearing sleeves as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and the hot-use state. 6. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the plurality of support beams include a first set of support beams that extend forward from the inner plug at an acute angle relative to the axis and a second set of support beams that extend transversely to the first set of support beams. 7. The gas turbine engine of claim 6, wherein each of the support beams of the second set interconnect at least two of the support beams of the first set. 8. The gas turbine engine of claim 6, wherein each of the support beams of the second set extend perpendicularly to each of the support beams of the first set. 9. The gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein the inner plug further includes an outer plug shell that defines a vane-receiving space and receives a portion of the outer vane shell therein. 10. The gas turbine engine of claim 9, wherein the outer vane shell translates relative to the outer plug shell as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and a hot-use state. 11. An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the exhaust nozzle comprising
an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, a nozzle-plug assembly including an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path and a support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, the inner plug including a plug support frame and an outer vane shell, and the support vane including a vane support frame and an outer vane shell, and an expansion-permissive link that interconnects the plug support frame and the vane support frame to transfer loads from the inner plug, through the support vane, and to the outer shroud, wherein the expansion-permissive link is configured to allow movement of the support vane relative to the plug support frame between a cold-build state position, in which the vane support frame is spaced apart from the plug support frame by a first distance, and a hot-use state position, in which the vane support frame is spaced apart from the plug support frame by a second distance less than the first distance. 12. The exhaust nozzle of claim 11, wherein the vane-support frame includes a plurality of support beams and an endplate coupled to the plurality of support beams, and the expansion-permissive link interconnects the plug support frame to the plurality of support beams and the endplate of the vane-support frame. 13. The exhaust nozzle of claim 12, wherein the expansion-permissive link includes a load shaft that extends through apertures formed in both the endplate and the plug-support frame, a first bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the endplate of the vane-support structure, and a second bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the plug-support frame. 14. The exhaust nozzle of claim 13, wherein the load shaft is configured to translate relative to the first and second bearing sleeves as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and a hot-use state. 15. The exhaust nozzle of claim 12, wherein the nozzle-plug assembly includes a first support vane and a second support vane that each interconnect the inner plug and the outer shroud and the expansion-permissive link includes a first support rod coupled to the first support vane and a second support rod coupled to the second support vane. 16. The exhaust nozzle of claim 15, wherein the first support rod and the second support rod are coupled together and extend axially forward and radially away from the axis to provide a v-shaped expansion-permissive link that allows thermal growth of the first and second vanes in axial and radial directions relative to the axis. 17. The exhaust nozzle of claim 12, wherein the plurality of support beams include a first set of support beams that extend forward from the inner plug at an acute angle relative to the axis and a second set of support beams that extend transversely to the first set of support beams. 18. The exhaust nozzle of claim 17, wherein each of the support beams of the second set interconnect at least two of the support beams of the first set. 19. The exhaust nozzle of claim 18, wherein each of the support beams of the second set extend perpendicularly to each of the support beams of the first set. 20. The exhaust nozzle of claim 13, wherein the outer plug shell defines a vane-receiving space and receives a portion of the outer vane shell therein and the outer vane shell translates relative to the outer plug shell as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and a hot-use state. | An exhaust nozzle for use with a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud and a nozzle-plug assembly coupled to the outer shroud. The nozzle-plug assembly includes an inner plug and at least one support vane that is coupled to the outer shroud to support the inner plug in an exhaust nozzle flow path.1. A gas turbine engine comprising
an engine core including a compressor configured to receive and compress an airflow, a combustor configured to receive a compressed airflow from the compressor and combust the compressed airflow to produce hot, high-pressure combustion products, and a turbine configured to interact with the high-pressure combustion products, and an exhaust nozzle configured to receive the high-pressure combustion products from the engine core and discharge the high-pressure combustion products to the atmosphere, the exhaust nozzle including an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path and a nozzle-plug assembly arranged in the exhaust nozzle flow path, wherein the nozzle-plug assembly includes an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, at least one support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, and an expansion-permissive link that interconnects the inner plug to the support vane to support inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path while allowing thermal expansion and contraction of the inner plug and the support vane relative to one another. 2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the support vane includes a vane-support frame that interconnects the outer shroud and the inner plug to support the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path and an outer vane shell coupled to the vane-support frame to provide an outer flow path boundary for the at least one support vane. 3. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the vane-support frame includes a plurality of support beams and an endplate coupled to the plurality of support beams and wherein the inner plug includes a plug support frame that is spaced apart from the endplate by a first distance when the exhaust nozzle is in a cold-build state and is spaced apart from the endplate by a second distance, less than the first distance, when the exhaust nozzle is in a hot-use state. 4. The gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein the expansion-permissive link includes a load shaft that extends through apertures formed in both the endplate and the plug-support frame, a first bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the endplate of the vane-support structure, and a second bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the plug-support frame. 5. The gas turbine engine of claim 4, wherein the load shaft is configured to translate relative to the first and second bearing sleeves as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and the hot-use state. 6. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the plurality of support beams include a first set of support beams that extend forward from the inner plug at an acute angle relative to the axis and a second set of support beams that extend transversely to the first set of support beams. 7. The gas turbine engine of claim 6, wherein each of the support beams of the second set interconnect at least two of the support beams of the first set. 8. The gas turbine engine of claim 6, wherein each of the support beams of the second set extend perpendicularly to each of the support beams of the first set. 9. The gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein the inner plug further includes an outer plug shell that defines a vane-receiving space and receives a portion of the outer vane shell therein. 10. The gas turbine engine of claim 9, wherein the outer vane shell translates relative to the outer plug shell as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and a hot-use state. 11. An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the exhaust nozzle comprising
an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, a nozzle-plug assembly including an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path and a support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, the inner plug including a plug support frame and an outer vane shell, and the support vane including a vane support frame and an outer vane shell, and an expansion-permissive link that interconnects the plug support frame and the vane support frame to transfer loads from the inner plug, through the support vane, and to the outer shroud, wherein the expansion-permissive link is configured to allow movement of the support vane relative to the plug support frame between a cold-build state position, in which the vane support frame is spaced apart from the plug support frame by a first distance, and a hot-use state position, in which the vane support frame is spaced apart from the plug support frame by a second distance less than the first distance. 12. The exhaust nozzle of claim 11, wherein the vane-support frame includes a plurality of support beams and an endplate coupled to the plurality of support beams, and the expansion-permissive link interconnects the plug support frame to the plurality of support beams and the endplate of the vane-support frame. 13. The exhaust nozzle of claim 12, wherein the expansion-permissive link includes a load shaft that extends through apertures formed in both the endplate and the plug-support frame, a first bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the endplate of the vane-support structure, and a second bearing sleeve positioned between the load shaft and the plug-support frame. 14. The exhaust nozzle of claim 13, wherein the load shaft is configured to translate relative to the first and second bearing sleeves as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and a hot-use state. 15. The exhaust nozzle of claim 12, wherein the nozzle-plug assembly includes a first support vane and a second support vane that each interconnect the inner plug and the outer shroud and the expansion-permissive link includes a first support rod coupled to the first support vane and a second support rod coupled to the second support vane. 16. The exhaust nozzle of claim 15, wherein the first support rod and the second support rod are coupled together and extend axially forward and radially away from the axis to provide a v-shaped expansion-permissive link that allows thermal growth of the first and second vanes in axial and radial directions relative to the axis. 17. The exhaust nozzle of claim 12, wherein the plurality of support beams include a first set of support beams that extend forward from the inner plug at an acute angle relative to the axis and a second set of support beams that extend transversely to the first set of support beams. 18. The exhaust nozzle of claim 17, wherein each of the support beams of the second set interconnect at least two of the support beams of the first set. 19. The exhaust nozzle of claim 18, wherein each of the support beams of the second set extend perpendicularly to each of the support beams of the first set. 20. The exhaust nozzle of claim 13, wherein the outer plug shell defines a vane-receiving space and receives a portion of the outer vane shell therein and the outer vane shell translates relative to the outer plug shell as the exhaust nozzle changes between the cold-build state and a hot-use state. | 3,700 |
344,074 | 16,803,553 | 3,736 | A packaging system for a bicycle includes a rear panel and a front panel that mates with the rear panel to form an enclosure. The front panel partially detaches from the rear panel to lay flat on a ground surface that supports the packaging system such that at least a portion of an interior side of the front panel forms a work surface that covers the ground surface. The packaging system also includes a rear insert positioned within the enclosure, wherein the rear insert includes a tire receptacle configured to receive a rear tire of the bicycle. The packaging system further includes a front insert positioned within the enclosure opposite of the rear insert, wherein the front insert includes a front fork mount attached thereto, and wherein the front fork mount is configured to secure front forks of the bicycle. | 1. A packaging system for a bicycle, comprising:
a rear panel; a front panel that mates with the rear panel to form an enclosure, wherein the front panel partially detaches from the rear panel to lay flat on a ground surface that supports the packaging system such that at least a portion of an interior side of the front panel forms a work surface that covers the ground surface; a rear insert positioned within the enclosure, wherein the rear insert includes a tire receptacle configured to receive a rear tire of the bicycle; and a front insert positioned within the enclosure opposite of the rear insert, wherein the front insert includes a front fork mount attached thereto, and wherein the front fork mount is configured to secure front forks of the bicycle. 2. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the rear panel is identical in shape and size to the front panel. 3. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the work surface includes an indicia that directs a user where to stand to remove the bicycle from the enclosure. 4. The packaging system of claim 3, wherein the indicia comprises a pair of footprints. 5. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the work surface includes text that specifies a purpose of the work surface. 6. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the rear support includes a central divider, and wherein the central divider forms a first sidewall of the tire receptacle. 7. The packaging system of claim 6, further comprising a tire support wall on an interior of the rear support, wherein the tire support wall forms a second sidewall of the tire receptacle. 8. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein an interior of the rear support includes a plurality of stops, and wherein one or more of the plurality of stops is used to support a tool kit. 9. The packaging system of claim 1, further comprising a tire wedge that mounts within the rear support to secure the rear tire of the bicycle. 10. The packaging system of claim 9, wherein the tire wedge includes a slot that mates with a central divider of the rear insert. 11. The packaging system of claim 10, where a portion of the tire wedge that does not include the slot is positioned in a partial gap between the central divider and an interior of a front wall of the rear insert. 12. The packaging system of claim 9, wherein the rear support is configured to accommodate a plurality of sizes of tire wedges, and wherein the plurality of sizes of tire wedges are designed to secure a corresponding plurality of sizes of rear tires. 13. The packaging system of claim 9, wherein a bottom edge of the tire wedge is configured to rest upon and interact with treads of the rear tire to hold the rear tire in place. 14. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein a bottom wall of the front support includes openings, and further comprising a strap that runs through the openings to secure the front fork mount to the bottom wall. 15. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the front fork mount includes a pair of grooves that are designed to receive the front forks of the bicycle. 16. The packaging system of claim 15, wherein each groove in the pair of grooves includes a plurality of receptacles. 17. The packaging system of claim 16, wherein the plurality of receptacles are of varying sizes to accommodate varying sizes of the front forks. 18. The packaging system of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of openings that correspond to the plurality of receptacles. 19. The packaging system of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of openings is designed to receive a fastener plug that secures the front forks of the bicycle to the front fork mount. 20. The packaging system of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of openings has a different size and is configured to accommodate a different fastener plug. | A packaging system for a bicycle includes a rear panel and a front panel that mates with the rear panel to form an enclosure. The front panel partially detaches from the rear panel to lay flat on a ground surface that supports the packaging system such that at least a portion of an interior side of the front panel forms a work surface that covers the ground surface. The packaging system also includes a rear insert positioned within the enclosure, wherein the rear insert includes a tire receptacle configured to receive a rear tire of the bicycle. The packaging system further includes a front insert positioned within the enclosure opposite of the rear insert, wherein the front insert includes a front fork mount attached thereto, and wherein the front fork mount is configured to secure front forks of the bicycle.1. A packaging system for a bicycle, comprising:
a rear panel; a front panel that mates with the rear panel to form an enclosure, wherein the front panel partially detaches from the rear panel to lay flat on a ground surface that supports the packaging system such that at least a portion of an interior side of the front panel forms a work surface that covers the ground surface; a rear insert positioned within the enclosure, wherein the rear insert includes a tire receptacle configured to receive a rear tire of the bicycle; and a front insert positioned within the enclosure opposite of the rear insert, wherein the front insert includes a front fork mount attached thereto, and wherein the front fork mount is configured to secure front forks of the bicycle. 2. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the rear panel is identical in shape and size to the front panel. 3. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the work surface includes an indicia that directs a user where to stand to remove the bicycle from the enclosure. 4. The packaging system of claim 3, wherein the indicia comprises a pair of footprints. 5. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the work surface includes text that specifies a purpose of the work surface. 6. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the rear support includes a central divider, and wherein the central divider forms a first sidewall of the tire receptacle. 7. The packaging system of claim 6, further comprising a tire support wall on an interior of the rear support, wherein the tire support wall forms a second sidewall of the tire receptacle. 8. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein an interior of the rear support includes a plurality of stops, and wherein one or more of the plurality of stops is used to support a tool kit. 9. The packaging system of claim 1, further comprising a tire wedge that mounts within the rear support to secure the rear tire of the bicycle. 10. The packaging system of claim 9, wherein the tire wedge includes a slot that mates with a central divider of the rear insert. 11. The packaging system of claim 10, where a portion of the tire wedge that does not include the slot is positioned in a partial gap between the central divider and an interior of a front wall of the rear insert. 12. The packaging system of claim 9, wherein the rear support is configured to accommodate a plurality of sizes of tire wedges, and wherein the plurality of sizes of tire wedges are designed to secure a corresponding plurality of sizes of rear tires. 13. The packaging system of claim 9, wherein a bottom edge of the tire wedge is configured to rest upon and interact with treads of the rear tire to hold the rear tire in place. 14. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein a bottom wall of the front support includes openings, and further comprising a strap that runs through the openings to secure the front fork mount to the bottom wall. 15. The packaging system of claim 1, wherein the front fork mount includes a pair of grooves that are designed to receive the front forks of the bicycle. 16. The packaging system of claim 15, wherein each groove in the pair of grooves includes a plurality of receptacles. 17. The packaging system of claim 16, wherein the plurality of receptacles are of varying sizes to accommodate varying sizes of the front forks. 18. The packaging system of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of openings that correspond to the plurality of receptacles. 19. The packaging system of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of openings is designed to receive a fastener plug that secures the front forks of the bicycle to the front fork mount. 20. The packaging system of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of openings has a different size and is configured to accommodate a different fastener plug. | 3,700 |
344,075 | 16,803,498 | 3,736 | Delegating a scope of permission between pairwise DIDs. First, a computing system determines a relationship between the first DID and a second DID. The first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs. Based on the relationship, the computing system delegates a scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID. In particular, the computing system defines the scope of permission, grants a public key of the second DID the scope of the permission. The delegation of the defined scope of permission is signed by a private key of the first DID, such that the signature is a proof of the delegation. A portion of data related to the delegation is then propagated onto the distributed ledger. | 1. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform the following: determine a relationship between a first decentralized identifier (DID) owner of a first DID and a second DID owner of a second DID, the first DID and the second DID being pairwise DIDs; and based on the relationship, delegate a scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID, comprising:
define the scope of permission;
grant a public key of the second DID the defined scope of permission;
generate a signature by a private key of the first DID, proving the delegation of the defined scope of permission to the public key of the second DID; and
propagate a portion of data related to the delegation onto a distributed ledger. 2. The computing system of claim 1, the computing system further caused to:
map a plurality of relationships to a plurality of scope of permissions; record the mapped data in a storage that is accessible to the computing system; and based on the mapped data, determine the scope of permission corresponding to the relationship between the first DID owner and the second DID owner 3. The computing system of claim 2, wherein the mapping the plurality of relationships to the plurality of scopes of permission is based on at least one of the following: (1) data recorded in DID document(s), (2) data propagated onto the distributed ledger, or (3) user input(s). 4. The computing system of claim 3, the computing system further caused to:
receive a user input for generating, updating, or deleting a mapped pair of a particular scope of permission and a particular relationship, and based on the user input, update the recorded mapped data in the storage. 5. The computing system of claim 4, the computing system further caused to:
in response to the user indication, update delegation(s) between pairwise DIDs that have a particular relationship that is affected by the user input. 6. The computing system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of relationships includes at least one of the following (1) a child-parent relationship, (2) a spousal relationship, (3) an employee-employer relationship, (4) customer-service relationship, or (5) a contract relationship. 7. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to:
in response to a request from the second DID owner of the second DID for access to a scope of permission, determine whether the particular relationship still exists; and in response to a determination that the particular relationship no longer exists, revoke the delegation of the corresponding scope of permission and propagate a portion of data related to the revocation of permission to the distributed ledger. 8. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to:
periodically check whether the particular relationship still exists; and in response to a determination that the particular relationship no longer exists, revoke the delegation of the corresponding scope of permission and propagate data related to the revocation of permission to the distributed ledger. 9. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to:
in response to receiving a user input that changes information related to the first DID or information related to the second DID, determine whether the particular relationship still exists; and in response to a determination that the particular relationship no longer exists, revoke the delegation of the corresponding scope of permission and propagate data related to the revocation of permission to the distributed ledger. 10. The computing system of claim 1, wherein:
the defining the scope of permission includes defining one or more restrictions; and the propagating a portion of data related to the delegation includes propagating the one or more restrictions to the distributed ledger. 11. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes an expiration time of the delegation. 12. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes a restriction that restricts access to a portion of data or service for a predetermined number of times. 13. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes a restriction to access to a portion of data, the restriction includes at least one of the following: (1) a read permission, (2) a write permission, (3) a delete permission, or (4) a delegation permission. 14. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes one or more conditions, the one or more conditions including at least one of the following: (1) requiring the second DID to pay a predetermined amount of cryptocurrency, (2) requiring the second DID to provide particular personal data, or (3) requiring the second DID to provide one or more verifiable claims,
wherein the particular personal data includes at least one of the following: (1) an email address, (2) a phone number, (3) a location, (4) a name of the second DID owner, (5) an IP address, or (6) a device identifier. 15. The computing system of claim 10, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
receive a request from a device of the second DID owner for accessing to a scope of permission; request for proof of delegation of the requested scope of permission; receive a proof code from the device of the second DID owner, the proof code configured to prove that the second DID has been delegated to the requested scope of permission; validate the proof code; and based on the validation of the proof code, grant or deny the request from the second DID. 16. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the proof code includes the signature signed by the private key of the first DID. 17. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the validating the proof code includes:
decrypting the signature by a public key of the first DID; retrieving data related to the delegation from the distributed ledger; and analyzing the decrypted signature and the data related to the delegation to determine whether the proof code is valid. 18. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the validating the proof code further includes:
verifying the requested scope of permission is within the delegated scope of permission; and when the scope of permission includes one or more conditions, determining whether the one or more conditions are satisfied. 19. A method implemented at a computing system for delegating a scope of permission owned by a first decentralized identifier (DID) to a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs, comprising:
determining a relationship between the first DID and a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs; and based on the relationship, delegating a scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID, comprising:
defining the scope of permission;
granting a public key of the second DID the defined scope of permission;
generating a signature by a private key of the first DID, proving the delegation of the defined scope of permission to the public key of the second DID; and
propagating a portion of data related to the delegation onto a distributed ledger. 20. A computer program product comprising one or more hardware storage devices having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing system, the computer-executable instructions cause the computer system to perform a method for delegating a scope of permission owned by a first decentralized identifier (DID) to a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs, comprising:
determining a relationship between the first DID and a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs; and based on the relationship, delegating a particular scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID, comprising:
defining the scope of permission;
granting a public key of the second DID the defined scope of permission;
generating a signature by a private key of the first DID, proving the delegation of the defined scope of permission to the public key of the second DID; and
propagating a portion of data related to the delegation onto a distributed ledger. | Delegating a scope of permission between pairwise DIDs. First, a computing system determines a relationship between the first DID and a second DID. The first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs. Based on the relationship, the computing system delegates a scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID. In particular, the computing system defines the scope of permission, grants a public key of the second DID the scope of the permission. The delegation of the defined scope of permission is signed by a private key of the first DID, such that the signature is a proof of the delegation. A portion of data related to the delegation is then propagated onto the distributed ledger.1. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform the following: determine a relationship between a first decentralized identifier (DID) owner of a first DID and a second DID owner of a second DID, the first DID and the second DID being pairwise DIDs; and based on the relationship, delegate a scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID, comprising:
define the scope of permission;
grant a public key of the second DID the defined scope of permission;
generate a signature by a private key of the first DID, proving the delegation of the defined scope of permission to the public key of the second DID; and
propagate a portion of data related to the delegation onto a distributed ledger. 2. The computing system of claim 1, the computing system further caused to:
map a plurality of relationships to a plurality of scope of permissions; record the mapped data in a storage that is accessible to the computing system; and based on the mapped data, determine the scope of permission corresponding to the relationship between the first DID owner and the second DID owner 3. The computing system of claim 2, wherein the mapping the plurality of relationships to the plurality of scopes of permission is based on at least one of the following: (1) data recorded in DID document(s), (2) data propagated onto the distributed ledger, or (3) user input(s). 4. The computing system of claim 3, the computing system further caused to:
receive a user input for generating, updating, or deleting a mapped pair of a particular scope of permission and a particular relationship, and based on the user input, update the recorded mapped data in the storage. 5. The computing system of claim 4, the computing system further caused to:
in response to the user indication, update delegation(s) between pairwise DIDs that have a particular relationship that is affected by the user input. 6. The computing system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of relationships includes at least one of the following (1) a child-parent relationship, (2) a spousal relationship, (3) an employee-employer relationship, (4) customer-service relationship, or (5) a contract relationship. 7. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to:
in response to a request from the second DID owner of the second DID for access to a scope of permission, determine whether the particular relationship still exists; and in response to a determination that the particular relationship no longer exists, revoke the delegation of the corresponding scope of permission and propagate a portion of data related to the revocation of permission to the distributed ledger. 8. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to:
periodically check whether the particular relationship still exists; and in response to a determination that the particular relationship no longer exists, revoke the delegation of the corresponding scope of permission and propagate data related to the revocation of permission to the distributed ledger. 9. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to:
in response to receiving a user input that changes information related to the first DID or information related to the second DID, determine whether the particular relationship still exists; and in response to a determination that the particular relationship no longer exists, revoke the delegation of the corresponding scope of permission and propagate data related to the revocation of permission to the distributed ledger. 10. The computing system of claim 1, wherein:
the defining the scope of permission includes defining one or more restrictions; and the propagating a portion of data related to the delegation includes propagating the one or more restrictions to the distributed ledger. 11. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes an expiration time of the delegation. 12. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes a restriction that restricts access to a portion of data or service for a predetermined number of times. 13. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes a restriction to access to a portion of data, the restriction includes at least one of the following: (1) a read permission, (2) a write permission, (3) a delete permission, or (4) a delegation permission. 14. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more restrictions includes one or more conditions, the one or more conditions including at least one of the following: (1) requiring the second DID to pay a predetermined amount of cryptocurrency, (2) requiring the second DID to provide particular personal data, or (3) requiring the second DID to provide one or more verifiable claims,
wherein the particular personal data includes at least one of the following: (1) an email address, (2) a phone number, (3) a location, (4) a name of the second DID owner, (5) an IP address, or (6) a device identifier. 15. The computing system of claim 10, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
receive a request from a device of the second DID owner for accessing to a scope of permission; request for proof of delegation of the requested scope of permission; receive a proof code from the device of the second DID owner, the proof code configured to prove that the second DID has been delegated to the requested scope of permission; validate the proof code; and based on the validation of the proof code, grant or deny the request from the second DID. 16. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the proof code includes the signature signed by the private key of the first DID. 17. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the validating the proof code includes:
decrypting the signature by a public key of the first DID; retrieving data related to the delegation from the distributed ledger; and analyzing the decrypted signature and the data related to the delegation to determine whether the proof code is valid. 18. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the validating the proof code further includes:
verifying the requested scope of permission is within the delegated scope of permission; and when the scope of permission includes one or more conditions, determining whether the one or more conditions are satisfied. 19. A method implemented at a computing system for delegating a scope of permission owned by a first decentralized identifier (DID) to a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs, comprising:
determining a relationship between the first DID and a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs; and based on the relationship, delegating a scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID, comprising:
defining the scope of permission;
granting a public key of the second DID the defined scope of permission;
generating a signature by a private key of the first DID, proving the delegation of the defined scope of permission to the public key of the second DID; and
propagating a portion of data related to the delegation onto a distributed ledger. 20. A computer program product comprising one or more hardware storage devices having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing system, the computer-executable instructions cause the computer system to perform a method for delegating a scope of permission owned by a first decentralized identifier (DID) to a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs, comprising:
determining a relationship between the first DID and a second DID, the first DID and the second DID are pairwise DIDs; and based on the relationship, delegating a particular scope of permission owned by the first DID to the second DID, comprising:
defining the scope of permission;
granting a public key of the second DID the defined scope of permission;
generating a signature by a private key of the first DID, proving the delegation of the defined scope of permission to the public key of the second DID; and
propagating a portion of data related to the delegation onto a distributed ledger. | 3,700 |
344,076 | 16,803,516 | 3,736 | A non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery includes a positive electrode containing manganese dioxide and a carbon material; a negative electrode including one of lithium and a lithium alloy; a non-aqueous electrolyte solution; and a container configured to accommodate the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In a spectrum that is measured by performing Raman spectroscopic analysis with respect to the positive electrode by using argon laser at a wavelength of 514.5 nm, an average value of peak intensity ratios ID/IG of an intensity ID of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1330 cm−1 to an intensity IG of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1580 cm−1 satisfies a relationship of 0.5≤ID/IG≤1.3. | 1. A non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery, comprising:
a positive electrode including manganese dioxide and a carbon material; a negative electrode including one of lithium and a lithium alloy; a non-aqueous electrolyte solution; and a container configured to accommodate the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein in a spectrum that is measured by performing Raman spectroscopic analysis with respect to the positive electrode by using argon laser at a wavelength of 514.5 nm, an average value of peak intensity ratios ID/IG of an intensity ID of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1330 cm−1 to an intensity IG of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1580 cm−1 satisfies a relationship of 0.5≤ID/IG≤1.3, and a mass ratio M2/M1 of a mass M1 of the positive electrode to a mass M2 of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution satisfies a relationship of 0.22≤M2/M1. 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the container includes a positive electrode can, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery further includes a conductive layer provided between a bottom portion of the positive electrode can and the positive electrode, and an area ratio S1/S2 of an area S1 in which the conductive layer is in contact with a bottom surface of the positive electrode to a bottom area S2 of the positive electrode satisfies a relationship of 0.72≤S1/S2. 3. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein an outer diameter ratio D2/D1 of an outer diameter D2 of the positive electrode when an open circuit voltage is 3.2 V to an outer diameter D1 of the battery satisfies a relationship of 0.8≤D2/D1. 4. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein a mass ratio of the manganese dioxide to the carbon material is from 90:10 to 97:3. 5. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the manganese dioxide includes β-MnO2. 6. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the positive electrode further includes a binding agent, and the binding agent includes at least a fluorine-based resin. 7. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 6,
wherein the fluorine-based resin includes at least one type of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. 8. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 6,
wherein a content of the fluorine-based resin in the positive electrode is greater than or equal to 1.4 mass % and less than 10 mass %. 9. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the negative electrode includes a facing surface that faces the positive electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery further includes a powder that is provided on the facing surface and the powder includes a lithium aluminum alloy. 10. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes cyclic carbonate and an ether compound. 11. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 10,
wherein the cyclic carbonate includes propylene carbonate, and the ether compound includes 1,2-dimethoxy ethane. 12. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 11,
wherein a mass ratio of the propylene carbonate to the 1,2-dimethoxy ethane is from 1:1 to 3:1. 13. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes lithium perchlorate, and a content of the lithium perchlorate in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is from 4 mass % to 10 mass %. 14. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1, further comprising:
a ring member including the positive electrode, wherein the container includes a positive electrode can, and the ring member is welded to a bottom portion of the positive electrode can. 15. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 14, further comprising:
a conductive layer provided between the bottom portion of the positive electrode can and the positive electrode, wherein a peripheral edge of the conductive layer is positioned in a position between the bottom portion of the positive electrode can and the ring member or a position outside the ring member. 16. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1, further comprising:
a separator, wherein the separator includes one of a porous film and a non-woven fabric. 17. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the carbon material includes activated carbon black. 18. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the carbon material includes activated carbon black and natural graphite. 19. A communication device, comprising:
the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1, wherein the communication device is configured to receive power supply from the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. 20. The communication device according to claim 19, further comprising an LPWA type communication unit. | A non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery includes a positive electrode containing manganese dioxide and a carbon material; a negative electrode including one of lithium and a lithium alloy; a non-aqueous electrolyte solution; and a container configured to accommodate the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In a spectrum that is measured by performing Raman spectroscopic analysis with respect to the positive electrode by using argon laser at a wavelength of 514.5 nm, an average value of peak intensity ratios ID/IG of an intensity ID of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1330 cm−1 to an intensity IG of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1580 cm−1 satisfies a relationship of 0.5≤ID/IG≤1.3.1. A non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery, comprising:
a positive electrode including manganese dioxide and a carbon material; a negative electrode including one of lithium and a lithium alloy; a non-aqueous electrolyte solution; and a container configured to accommodate the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein in a spectrum that is measured by performing Raman spectroscopic analysis with respect to the positive electrode by using argon laser at a wavelength of 514.5 nm, an average value of peak intensity ratios ID/IG of an intensity ID of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1330 cm−1 to an intensity IG of a peak appearing in the vicinity of 1580 cm−1 satisfies a relationship of 0.5≤ID/IG≤1.3, and a mass ratio M2/M1 of a mass M1 of the positive electrode to a mass M2 of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution satisfies a relationship of 0.22≤M2/M1. 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the container includes a positive electrode can, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery further includes a conductive layer provided between a bottom portion of the positive electrode can and the positive electrode, and an area ratio S1/S2 of an area S1 in which the conductive layer is in contact with a bottom surface of the positive electrode to a bottom area S2 of the positive electrode satisfies a relationship of 0.72≤S1/S2. 3. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein an outer diameter ratio D2/D1 of an outer diameter D2 of the positive electrode when an open circuit voltage is 3.2 V to an outer diameter D1 of the battery satisfies a relationship of 0.8≤D2/D1. 4. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein a mass ratio of the manganese dioxide to the carbon material is from 90:10 to 97:3. 5. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the manganese dioxide includes β-MnO2. 6. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the positive electrode further includes a binding agent, and the binding agent includes at least a fluorine-based resin. 7. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 6,
wherein the fluorine-based resin includes at least one type of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. 8. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 6,
wherein a content of the fluorine-based resin in the positive electrode is greater than or equal to 1.4 mass % and less than 10 mass %. 9. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the negative electrode includes a facing surface that faces the positive electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery further includes a powder that is provided on the facing surface and the powder includes a lithium aluminum alloy. 10. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes cyclic carbonate and an ether compound. 11. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 10,
wherein the cyclic carbonate includes propylene carbonate, and the ether compound includes 1,2-dimethoxy ethane. 12. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 11,
wherein a mass ratio of the propylene carbonate to the 1,2-dimethoxy ethane is from 1:1 to 3:1. 13. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes lithium perchlorate, and a content of the lithium perchlorate in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is from 4 mass % to 10 mass %. 14. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1, further comprising:
a ring member including the positive electrode, wherein the container includes a positive electrode can, and the ring member is welded to a bottom portion of the positive electrode can. 15. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 14, further comprising:
a conductive layer provided between the bottom portion of the positive electrode can and the positive electrode, wherein a peripheral edge of the conductive layer is positioned in a position between the bottom portion of the positive electrode can and the ring member or a position outside the ring member. 16. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1, further comprising:
a separator, wherein the separator includes one of a porous film and a non-woven fabric. 17. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the carbon material includes activated carbon black. 18. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1,
wherein the carbon material includes activated carbon black and natural graphite. 19. A communication device, comprising:
the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to claim 1, wherein the communication device is configured to receive power supply from the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. 20. The communication device according to claim 19, further comprising an LPWA type communication unit. | 3,700 |
344,077 | 16,803,449 | 3,736 | Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for distributed data storage. One computer-implemented method includes: determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1; dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. | 1. A computer-implemented method for distributed data storage, the method comprising:
determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1; dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data input and output frequency is determined by counting a quantity of times a data recording or data retrieving operation is performed by a corresponding subsystem of the N subsystems within a predetermined period of time. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, the method further comprises:
after the one-to-one correspondence is established, determining that a storage re-division condition is satisfied; and determining data input and output frequency of each of the N subsystems in response to determining that the storage re-division condition is satisfied. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the storage re-division condition is satisfied if at least one service function supported by at least one of the N subsystems is updated. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the service system is a blockchain service system, the N subsystems include a first subsystem for recording data to a blockchain and a second subsystem for retrieving data that has been recorded on the blockchain for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the first subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of solid state drives and the second subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of hard disk drives. 6. A computer-implemented system for distributed data storage, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1;
dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and
establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. 7. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, wherein the data input and output frequency is determined by counting a quantity of times a data recording or data retrieving operation is performed by a corresponding subsystem of the N subsystems within a predetermined period of time. 8. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, the operations further comprising:
after the one-to-one correspondence is established, determining that a storage re-division condition is satisfied; and determining data input and output frequency of each of the N subsystems in response to determining that the storage re-division condition is satisfied. 9. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the storage re-division condition is satisfied if at least one service function supported by at least one of the N subsystems is updated. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, wherein the service system is a blockchain service system, the N subsystems include a first subsystem for recording data to a blockchain and a second subsystem for retrieving data that has been recorded on the blockchain for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the first subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of solid state drives and the second subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of hard disk drives. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for distributed data storage, comprising:
determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1; dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the data input and output frequency is determined by counting a quantity of times a data recording or data retrieving operation is performed by a corresponding subsystem of the N subsystems within a predetermined period of time. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising one or more instructions for:
after the one-to-one correspondence is established, determining that a storage re-division condition is satisfied; and determining data input and output frequency of each of the N subsystems in response to determining that the storage re-division condition is satisfied. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the storage re-division condition is satisfied if at least one service function supported by at least one of the N subsystems is updated. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the service system is a blockchain service system, the N subsystems include a first subsystem for recording data to a blockchain and a second subsystem for retrieving data that has been recorded on the blockchain for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the first subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of solid state drives and the second subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of hard disk drives. | Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for distributed data storage. One computer-implemented method includes: determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1; dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency.1. A computer-implemented method for distributed data storage, the method comprising:
determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1; dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data input and output frequency is determined by counting a quantity of times a data recording or data retrieving operation is performed by a corresponding subsystem of the N subsystems within a predetermined period of time. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, the method further comprises:
after the one-to-one correspondence is established, determining that a storage re-division condition is satisfied; and determining data input and output frequency of each of the N subsystems in response to determining that the storage re-division condition is satisfied. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the storage re-division condition is satisfied if at least one service function supported by at least one of the N subsystems is updated. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the service system is a blockchain service system, the N subsystems include a first subsystem for recording data to a blockchain and a second subsystem for retrieving data that has been recorded on the blockchain for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the first subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of solid state drives and the second subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of hard disk drives. 6. A computer-implemented system for distributed data storage, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1;
dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and
establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. 7. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, wherein the data input and output frequency is determined by counting a quantity of times a data recording or data retrieving operation is performed by a corresponding subsystem of the N subsystems within a predetermined period of time. 8. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, the operations further comprising:
after the one-to-one correspondence is established, determining that a storage re-division condition is satisfied; and determining data input and output frequency of each of the N subsystems in response to determining that the storage re-division condition is satisfied. 9. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the storage re-division condition is satisfied if at least one service function supported by at least one of the N subsystems is updated. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 6, wherein the service system is a blockchain service system, the N subsystems include a first subsystem for recording data to a blockchain and a second subsystem for retrieving data that has been recorded on the blockchain for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the first subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of solid state drives and the second subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of hard disk drives. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for distributed data storage, comprising:
determining data input and output frequency of each of N subsystems of a service system, where N is a positive number greater than 1; dividing a plurality of storage devices into N subgroups, wherein each subgroup includes at least one of the plurality of storage devices; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the N subsystems and the N subgroups, wherein a subsystem with higher determined data input and output frequency corresponds to a subgroup that includes a number of solid state drives that are greater than or equal to a number of solid state drives included in a subgroup corresponding to a subsystem with lower determined data input and output frequency. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the data input and output frequency is determined by counting a quantity of times a data recording or data retrieving operation is performed by a corresponding subsystem of the N subsystems within a predetermined period of time. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising one or more instructions for:
after the one-to-one correspondence is established, determining that a storage re-division condition is satisfied; and determining data input and output frequency of each of the N subsystems in response to determining that the storage re-division condition is satisfied. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the storage re-division condition is satisfied if at least one service function supported by at least one of the N subsystems is updated. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the service system is a blockchain service system, the N subsystems include a first subsystem for recording data to a blockchain and a second subsystem for retrieving data that has been recorded on the blockchain for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the first subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of solid state drives and the second subsystem corresponds to an N subgroup of the N subgroups that is composed of hard disk drives. | 3,700 |
344,078 | 16,803,550 | 3,736 | Systems and methods for improving food-related personalization for a user including generating a recipe database including a set of recipe data structures; deriving a recipe vector representation of the recipe data structures; determining a set of user food preferences; extracting a set of recipe vector constraints from the set of user food preferences; determining a personalized food plan for the user, including automatically selecting a subset of the set of recipe data structures associated with recipe vector representations that satisfy the set of recipe vector constraints; determining fulfillment parameters for grocery items associated with the personalized food plan; and automatically facilitating fulfillment of grocery items associated with the personalized food plan based on the fulfillment parameters. | 1. A method for improving food-related personalization for a user, comprising:
determining a set of recipe data structures from food related data; deriving a recipe vector representation of each of the set of recipe data structures, comprising using a trained neural network model to determine the recipe vector representation comprising values equivalent to a set of weights of an intermediate layer of the trained neural network model; determining a set of user food preferences; and determining a personalized food plan based on the recipe vector representation of each of the set of recipe data structures and the set of user food preferences. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of recipe data structures comprises natural language data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the recipe vector representation further comprises determining the trained neural network model by training a neural network model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the neural network model is trained using semi-supervised learning. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of user food preferences are determined at least in part based on social media content. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the set of recipe data structures specifies ingredients of a set of ingredients, and further comprising:
deriving an ingredient vector representation associated with each ingredient of the set of ingredients; and determining a set of substitution parameters associated with each ingredient based on the ingredient vector representation, comprising comparing the ingredient vector representation of each ingredient with the ingredient vector representation of each of other ingredient. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of user food preferences comprises a user allergy. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a constraint associated with the set of user food preferences, wherein determining the personalized food plan comprises:
comparing the recipe vector representation of each of the set of recipe data structures to the constraint; and selecting recipe data structures of the set of recipe data structures that satisfy the constraint based on the comparison. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the constraint is an item availability constraint. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically facilitating fulfillment of grocery items associated with the personalized food plan. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein automatically facilitating fulfillment of grocery items comprises facilitating physical transport of the grocery items. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining fulfilled items, and updating the personalized food plan based on the fulfilled items. 13. A method for improving food-related personalization for a user, comprising:
determining a recipe data structure based on recipe data; determining a recipe vector representation of the recipe data structure by encoding the recipe data structure using a machine learning model; determining a recipe vector constraint associated with the recipe data structure; and generating a personalized food plan based on a comparison between the recipe vector constraint and the recipe vector representation. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a model is a neural network. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the neural network comprises a plurality of neuronal layers and wherein the recipe vector representation comprises an intermediate layer of the plurality of neuronal layers. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the recipe data structure is associated with a set of ingredients of a plurality of ingredients. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining a first ingredient vector representation of a first ingredient of the set of ingredients and a second ingredient vector representation of a second ingredient of the plurality of ingredients, using the machine learning model. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the recipe data structure comprises the first ingredient, and further comprising determining that the second ingredient can be substituted for the first ingredient comprising:
comparing the second ingredient vector representation to the recipe vector constraint; and based on the comparison, determining that the second ingredient vector satisfies the recipe vector constraint. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the recipe data structure is associated with a set of preparation parameters, and further comprising modifying a preparation parameter of the set of preparation parameters based on a modification to a set of ingredients associated with the recipe data structure. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a connected cooking device is controlled according to the preparation parameter subsequent to modifying the preparation parameter. | Systems and methods for improving food-related personalization for a user including generating a recipe database including a set of recipe data structures; deriving a recipe vector representation of the recipe data structures; determining a set of user food preferences; extracting a set of recipe vector constraints from the set of user food preferences; determining a personalized food plan for the user, including automatically selecting a subset of the set of recipe data structures associated with recipe vector representations that satisfy the set of recipe vector constraints; determining fulfillment parameters for grocery items associated with the personalized food plan; and automatically facilitating fulfillment of grocery items associated with the personalized food plan based on the fulfillment parameters.1. A method for improving food-related personalization for a user, comprising:
determining a set of recipe data structures from food related data; deriving a recipe vector representation of each of the set of recipe data structures, comprising using a trained neural network model to determine the recipe vector representation comprising values equivalent to a set of weights of an intermediate layer of the trained neural network model; determining a set of user food preferences; and determining a personalized food plan based on the recipe vector representation of each of the set of recipe data structures and the set of user food preferences. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of recipe data structures comprises natural language data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the recipe vector representation further comprises determining the trained neural network model by training a neural network model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the neural network model is trained using semi-supervised learning. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of user food preferences are determined at least in part based on social media content. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the set of recipe data structures specifies ingredients of a set of ingredients, and further comprising:
deriving an ingredient vector representation associated with each ingredient of the set of ingredients; and determining a set of substitution parameters associated with each ingredient based on the ingredient vector representation, comprising comparing the ingredient vector representation of each ingredient with the ingredient vector representation of each of other ingredient. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of user food preferences comprises a user allergy. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a constraint associated with the set of user food preferences, wherein determining the personalized food plan comprises:
comparing the recipe vector representation of each of the set of recipe data structures to the constraint; and selecting recipe data structures of the set of recipe data structures that satisfy the constraint based on the comparison. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the constraint is an item availability constraint. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically facilitating fulfillment of grocery items associated with the personalized food plan. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein automatically facilitating fulfillment of grocery items comprises facilitating physical transport of the grocery items. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining fulfilled items, and updating the personalized food plan based on the fulfilled items. 13. A method for improving food-related personalization for a user, comprising:
determining a recipe data structure based on recipe data; determining a recipe vector representation of the recipe data structure by encoding the recipe data structure using a machine learning model; determining a recipe vector constraint associated with the recipe data structure; and generating a personalized food plan based on a comparison between the recipe vector constraint and the recipe vector representation. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the machine learning model is a model is a neural network. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the neural network comprises a plurality of neuronal layers and wherein the recipe vector representation comprises an intermediate layer of the plurality of neuronal layers. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the recipe data structure is associated with a set of ingredients of a plurality of ingredients. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining a first ingredient vector representation of a first ingredient of the set of ingredients and a second ingredient vector representation of a second ingredient of the plurality of ingredients, using the machine learning model. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the recipe data structure comprises the first ingredient, and further comprising determining that the second ingredient can be substituted for the first ingredient comprising:
comparing the second ingredient vector representation to the recipe vector constraint; and based on the comparison, determining that the second ingredient vector satisfies the recipe vector constraint. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the recipe data structure is associated with a set of preparation parameters, and further comprising modifying a preparation parameter of the set of preparation parameters based on a modification to a set of ingredients associated with the recipe data structure. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a connected cooking device is controlled according to the preparation parameter subsequent to modifying the preparation parameter. | 3,700 |
344,079 | 16,803,506 | 3,736 | Provided is a method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, wherein: the spectacle lens includes a lens substrate having microprotrusions on at least one surface, and a coating film formed on the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions; and the method includes forming the coating film by applying an application liquid, through spin-coating, to the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions. | 1. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, wherein
the spectacle lens includes a lens substrate having microprotrusions on at least one surface, and a coating film formed on the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions; and the method includes forming the coating film by applying an application liquid, through spin coating, to the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions. 2. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 1,
wherein the application liquid is a curable composition including a curable compound, and the method further includes performing a curing treatment of the curable compound after the application. 3. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 2,
wherein the curable composition has a viscosity in the range of 1 mPa·s to 50 mPa·s. 4. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 1,
wherein the spin coating is performed by supplying the application liquid from above to a surface having the microprotrusions that rotates vertically upward. 5. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 1,
wherein the coating film has a thickness in a range of 0.5 μm to 100 μm. | Provided is a method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, wherein: the spectacle lens includes a lens substrate having microprotrusions on at least one surface, and a coating film formed on the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions; and the method includes forming the coating film by applying an application liquid, through spin-coating, to the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions.1. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, wherein
the spectacle lens includes a lens substrate having microprotrusions on at least one surface, and a coating film formed on the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions; and the method includes forming the coating film by applying an application liquid, through spin coating, to the surface of the lens substrate that has the microprotrusions. 2. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 1,
wherein the application liquid is a curable composition including a curable compound, and the method further includes performing a curing treatment of the curable compound after the application. 3. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 2,
wherein the curable composition has a viscosity in the range of 1 mPa·s to 50 mPa·s. 4. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 1,
wherein the spin coating is performed by supplying the application liquid from above to a surface having the microprotrusions that rotates vertically upward. 5. The method for manufacturing a spectacle lens according to claim 1,
wherein the coating film has a thickness in a range of 0.5 μm to 100 μm. | 3,700 |
344,080 | 16,803,545 | 3,736 | There is provided mechanisms for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array. A method being is by a network node. The method comprises obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission. The method comprises forming virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array. The method comprises expanding weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture. The method comprises initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. | 1. A method for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the method being performed by a network node and comprising:
obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission; forming virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array; expanding weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is for a needed beam for transmission of the signal, the needed beam requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is defined by a needed beam width or needed number of antenna ports for transmission of the signal using the antenna array. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight factors are expanded such that the virtual antenna elements utilize the full antenna aperture. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein an angular power pattern of the virtual antenna elements is identical to an angular power pattern of one of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual antenna elements have a total power being the sum of output power for all physical antenna elements of the antenna array. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual antenna elements are formed by reduction factors Q and R being applied to all antenna elements of the antenna array. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein all non-zero elements of the reduction factors Q and R have constant modulus. 9. The method of claim 7:
wherein Q comprises:
a first factor Q2A for reduction along a first dimension and resulting in a first polarization of the virtual antenna elements; and
a second factor Q2B for reduction along the first dimension and resulting in a second polarization of the virtual antenna elements;
wherein R comprises:
a first factor R2A for reduction along a second dimension and resulting in the first polarization of the virtual antenna elements; and
a second factor R2B for reduction along the second dimension and resulting in the second polarization of the virtual antenna elements. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein Q2A and Q2B have identical dimensions resulting in same reduction, and wherein R2A and R2B have identical dimensions resulting in same reduction. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein reduction using Q2A and Q2B and reduction using R2A and R2B result in the virtual antenna elements having orthogonal polarization in all directions. 12. The method of claim 9:
wherein elements of Q2B are derived from Q2A by reversing in order, negating, and/or complex conjugating the elements of Q2A; and wherein elements of R2B are derived from R2A by reversing in order, negating, and/or complex conjugating the elements of R2A. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual antenna elements for each polarization have a phase center separation identical to the phase center separation of the full antenna aperture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the full antenna aperture of the antenna array is iteratively reduced at least two times along at least one dimension of the antenna array. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the expanding comprises:
determining the weight factors for a weight matrix Wv; expanding the weight matrix Wv such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and applying the weight matrices to the virtual antenna elements. 16. The method of 15:
wherein the virtual antenna elements are formed by reduction factors Q and R being applied to all antenna elements of the antenna array; wherein the weight matrices are expanded using the reduction factors Q and R. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the partial antenna aperture is used to form one or two beam ports 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing and the expanding only are performed along one dimension of the antenna array. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is a two-dimensional antenna array. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the reducing and the expanding are performed along both dimensions of the antenna array. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is a dual polarized antenna array. 22. A network node for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the network node comprising:
processing circuitry; memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the network node is operative to:
obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission;
form virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;
expand weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and
initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 23. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium storing a computer program product for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the computer program product comprising software instructions which, when run on processing circuitry of a network node, causes the network node to:
obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission; form virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array; expand weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 24. A method for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the method being performed by a wireless device and comprising:
obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission; forming virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array; expanding weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 25. A wireless device for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the wireless device comprising:
processing circuitry; memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the wireless device is operative to:
obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission;
form virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;
expand weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and
initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. | There is provided mechanisms for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array. A method being is by a network node. The method comprises obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission. The method comprises forming virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array. The method comprises expanding weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture. The method comprises initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements.1. A method for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the method being performed by a network node and comprising:
obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission; forming virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array; expanding weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is for a needed beam for transmission of the signal, the needed beam requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is defined by a needed beam width or needed number of antenna ports for transmission of the signal using the antenna array. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight factors are expanded such that the virtual antenna elements utilize the full antenna aperture. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein an angular power pattern of the virtual antenna elements is identical to an angular power pattern of one of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual antenna elements have a total power being the sum of output power for all physical antenna elements of the antenna array. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual antenna elements are formed by reduction factors Q and R being applied to all antenna elements of the antenna array. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein all non-zero elements of the reduction factors Q and R have constant modulus. 9. The method of claim 7:
wherein Q comprises:
a first factor Q2A for reduction along a first dimension and resulting in a first polarization of the virtual antenna elements; and
a second factor Q2B for reduction along the first dimension and resulting in a second polarization of the virtual antenna elements;
wherein R comprises:
a first factor R2A for reduction along a second dimension and resulting in the first polarization of the virtual antenna elements; and
a second factor R2B for reduction along the second dimension and resulting in the second polarization of the virtual antenna elements. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein Q2A and Q2B have identical dimensions resulting in same reduction, and wherein R2A and R2B have identical dimensions resulting in same reduction. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein reduction using Q2A and Q2B and reduction using R2A and R2B result in the virtual antenna elements having orthogonal polarization in all directions. 12. The method of claim 9:
wherein elements of Q2B are derived from Q2A by reversing in order, negating, and/or complex conjugating the elements of Q2A; and wherein elements of R2B are derived from R2A by reversing in order, negating, and/or complex conjugating the elements of R2A. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual antenna elements for each polarization have a phase center separation identical to the phase center separation of the full antenna aperture. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the full antenna aperture of the antenna array is iteratively reduced at least two times along at least one dimension of the antenna array. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the expanding comprises:
determining the weight factors for a weight matrix Wv; expanding the weight matrix Wv such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and applying the weight matrices to the virtual antenna elements. 16. The method of 15:
wherein the virtual antenna elements are formed by reduction factors Q and R being applied to all antenna elements of the antenna array; wherein the weight matrices are expanded using the reduction factors Q and R. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the partial antenna aperture is used to form one or two beam ports 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing and the expanding only are performed along one dimension of the antenna array. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is a two-dimensional antenna array. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the reducing and the expanding are performed along both dimensions of the antenna array. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is a dual polarized antenna array. 22. A network node for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the network node comprising:
processing circuitry; memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the network node is operative to:
obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission;
form virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;
expand weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and
initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 23. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium storing a computer program product for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the computer program product comprising software instructions which, when run on processing circuitry of a network node, causes the network node to:
obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission; form virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array; expand weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 24. A method for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the method being performed by a wireless device and comprising:
obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission; forming virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array; expanding weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. 25. A wireless device for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the wireless device comprising:
processing circuitry; memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the wireless device is operative to:
obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical elements of the antenna array for transmission;
form virtual antenna elements for the partial antenna array, thereby reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;
expand weight factors applied to the virtual antenna elements by connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and
initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements. | 3,700 |
344,081 | 16,803,541 | 3,736 | An example method for estimating a disease state for a patient can include: capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. | 1. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
detecting a pupil of the patient; capturing images of the pupil over time; and processing the images to estimate a pupil diameter variability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the pupil diameter variability to a baseline; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the pupil diameter variability to the baseline. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alert when the estimated disease state indicates a high probability of a health issue of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the pupil diameter variability to an electronic medical record. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising annotating data with at least one patient outcome metric. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using one or more annotations of the data to measure algorithm performance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the images to estimate the pupil diameter variability comprises measuring pupil size with an infrared detector. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a diameter of the pupil with a pupilometer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captured with a high-speed still image camera or video camera. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captures at a rate of from 16 to 600 frames per second 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating a pulse rate of the patient based on the pupil diameter variability. 12. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the images includes capturing images of a pupil of the patient. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein estimating the disease state further comprises analyzing patient health factors. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the physiological data includes using detection of backscatter to capture the physiological data. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in position as a result of a physiological process; comparing a phase of the transmitted and backscattered radiation; and using the phase to detect pulses or respiration cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological process includes gross muscle contraction. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising detecting urination or defecation. 19. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
scanning a chest of a patient with a radar beam; receiving a backscattered signal; demodulating data from the backscattered signal; and calculating a pulse rate and pulse rate variability from the demodulated data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pulse rate is calculated by subtracting a pulse reception time from a pulse transmission time. | An example method for estimating a disease state for a patient can include: capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit.1. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
detecting a pupil of the patient; capturing images of the pupil over time; and processing the images to estimate a pupil diameter variability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the pupil diameter variability to a baseline; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the pupil diameter variability to the baseline. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alert when the estimated disease state indicates a high probability of a health issue of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the pupil diameter variability to an electronic medical record. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising annotating data with at least one patient outcome metric. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using one or more annotations of the data to measure algorithm performance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the images to estimate the pupil diameter variability comprises measuring pupil size with an infrared detector. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a diameter of the pupil with a pupilometer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captured with a high-speed still image camera or video camera. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captures at a rate of from 16 to 600 frames per second 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating a pulse rate of the patient based on the pupil diameter variability. 12. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the images includes capturing images of a pupil of the patient. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein estimating the disease state further comprises analyzing patient health factors. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the physiological data includes using detection of backscatter to capture the physiological data. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in position as a result of a physiological process; comparing a phase of the transmitted and backscattered radiation; and using the phase to detect pulses or respiration cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological process includes gross muscle contraction. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising detecting urination or defecation. 19. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
scanning a chest of a patient with a radar beam; receiving a backscattered signal; demodulating data from the backscattered signal; and calculating a pulse rate and pulse rate variability from the demodulated data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pulse rate is calculated by subtracting a pulse reception time from a pulse transmission time. | 3,700 |
344,082 | 16,803,534 | 3,736 | An example method for estimating a disease state for a patient can include: capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. | 1. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
detecting a pupil of the patient; capturing images of the pupil over time; and processing the images to estimate a pupil diameter variability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the pupil diameter variability to a baseline; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the pupil diameter variability to the baseline. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alert when the estimated disease state indicates a high probability of a health issue of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the pupil diameter variability to an electronic medical record. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising annotating data with at least one patient outcome metric. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using one or more annotations of the data to measure algorithm performance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the images to estimate the pupil diameter variability comprises measuring pupil size with an infrared detector. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a diameter of the pupil with a pupilometer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captured with a high-speed still image camera or video camera. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captures at a rate of from 16 to 600 frames per second 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating a pulse rate of the patient based on the pupil diameter variability. 12. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the images includes capturing images of a pupil of the patient. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein estimating the disease state further comprises analyzing patient health factors. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the physiological data includes using detection of backscatter to capture the physiological data. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in position as a result of a physiological process; comparing a phase of the transmitted and backscattered radiation; and using the phase to detect pulses or respiration cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological process includes gross muscle contraction. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising detecting urination or defecation. 19. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
scanning a chest of a patient with a radar beam; receiving a backscattered signal; demodulating data from the backscattered signal; and calculating a pulse rate and pulse rate variability from the demodulated data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pulse rate is calculated by subtracting a pulse reception time from a pulse transmission time. | An example method for estimating a disease state for a patient can include: capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit.1. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
detecting a pupil of the patient; capturing images of the pupil over time; and processing the images to estimate a pupil diameter variability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the pupil diameter variability to a baseline; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the pupil diameter variability to the baseline. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alert when the estimated disease state indicates a high probability of a health issue of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the pupil diameter variability to an electronic medical record. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising annotating data with at least one patient outcome metric. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using one or more annotations of the data to measure algorithm performance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the images to estimate the pupil diameter variability comprises measuring pupil size with an infrared detector. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a diameter of the pupil with a pupilometer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captured with a high-speed still image camera or video camera. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captures at a rate of from 16 to 600 frames per second 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating a pulse rate of the patient based on the pupil diameter variability. 12. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the images includes capturing images of a pupil of the patient. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein estimating the disease state further comprises analyzing patient health factors. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the physiological data includes using detection of backscatter to capture the physiological data. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in position as a result of a physiological process; comparing a phase of the transmitted and backscattered radiation; and using the phase to detect pulses or respiration cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological process includes gross muscle contraction. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising detecting urination or defecation. 19. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
scanning a chest of a patient with a radar beam; receiving a backscattered signal; demodulating data from the backscattered signal; and calculating a pulse rate and pulse rate variability from the demodulated data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pulse rate is calculated by subtracting a pulse reception time from a pulse transmission time. | 3,700 |
344,083 | 16,803,540 | 3,736 | An example method for estimating a disease state for a patient can include: capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. | 1. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
detecting a pupil of the patient; capturing images of the pupil over time; and processing the images to estimate a pupil diameter variability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the pupil diameter variability to a baseline; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the pupil diameter variability to the baseline. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alert when the estimated disease state indicates a high probability of a health issue of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the pupil diameter variability to an electronic medical record. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising annotating data with at least one patient outcome metric. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using one or more annotations of the data to measure algorithm performance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the images to estimate the pupil diameter variability comprises measuring pupil size with an infrared detector. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a diameter of the pupil with a pupilometer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captured with a high-speed still image camera or video camera. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captures at a rate of from 16 to 600 frames per second 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating a pulse rate of the patient based on the pupil diameter variability. 12. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the images includes capturing images of a pupil of the patient. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein estimating the disease state further comprises analyzing patient health factors. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the physiological data includes using detection of backscatter to capture the physiological data. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in position as a result of a physiological process; comparing a phase of the transmitted and backscattered radiation; and using the phase to detect pulses or respiration cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological process includes gross muscle contraction. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising detecting urination or defecation. 19. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
scanning a chest of a patient with a radar beam; receiving a backscattered signal; demodulating data from the backscattered signal; and calculating a pulse rate and pulse rate variability from the demodulated data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pulse rate is calculated by subtracting a pulse reception time from a pulse transmission time. | An example method for estimating a disease state for a patient can include: capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit.1. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
detecting a pupil of the patient; capturing images of the pupil over time; and processing the images to estimate a pupil diameter variability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the pupil diameter variability to a baseline; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the pupil diameter variability to the baseline. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alert when the estimated disease state indicates a high probability of a health issue of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the pupil diameter variability to an electronic medical record. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising annotating data with at least one patient outcome metric. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising using one or more annotations of the data to measure algorithm performance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the images to estimate the pupil diameter variability comprises measuring pupil size with an infrared detector. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a diameter of the pupil with a pupilometer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captured with a high-speed still image camera or video camera. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the images of the pupil are captures at a rate of from 16 to 600 frames per second 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating a pulse rate of the patient based on the pupil diameter variability. 12. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
capturing physiological data including images from the patient over time; processing the physiological data to detect a variability; comparing the variability to a baseline or a range; and estimating the disease state for the patient based upon the comparing of the variability to the baseline or the limit. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the images includes capturing images of a pupil of the patient. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein estimating the disease state further comprises analyzing patient health factors. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein capturing the physiological data includes using detection of backscatter to capture the physiological data. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in position as a result of a physiological process; comparing a phase of the transmitted and backscattered radiation; and using the phase to detect pulses or respiration cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the physiological process includes gross muscle contraction. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising detecting urination or defecation. 19. A method for estimating a disease state for a patient, the method comprising:
scanning a chest of a patient with a radar beam; receiving a backscattered signal; demodulating data from the backscattered signal; and calculating a pulse rate and pulse rate variability from the demodulated data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pulse rate is calculated by subtracting a pulse reception time from a pulse transmission time. | 3,700 |
344,084 | 16,803,529 | 3,736 | Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes an insulating layer and a conductive element in the insulating layer. The semiconductor device includes a first barrier pattern in contact with a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the insulating layer. The semiconductor device includes a second barrier pattern on the first barrier pattern. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a metal pattern on the second barrier pattern. Related semiconductor packages are also provided. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulating layer; a conductive element in the first insulating layer; a first barrier pattern in contact with a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the first insulating layer; a second barrier pattern on the first barrier pattern; and a first metal pattern on the second barrier pattern, wherein a width of the first barrier pattern is smaller than a width of the first metal pattern, and wherein a width of the second barrier pattern is smaller than the width of the first barrier pattern. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier pattern comprises metal nitride. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier pattern has a thickness ranging from 10 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a metal film on the first metal pattern; and a connection terminal on and in contact with the metal film, wherein the first metal pattern comprises copper, and wherein the metal film comprises nickel. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer comprises a polymer or oxide layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a connection terminal on the first metal pattern,
wherein the connection terminal does not cover a side surface of the first barrier pattern and a side surface of the second barrier pattern. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first metal film on the first metal pattern; a second metal film on the first metal film; and a connection terminal on and in contact with the second metal film, wherein the first metal pattern comprises copper, wherein the first metal film comprises nickel, and wherein the second metal film comprises gold. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises:
a third barrier pattern; a second metal pattern between the third barrier pattern and the first barrier pattern; and a fourth barrier pattern between the third barrier pattern and the second metal pattern, wherein the first barrier pattern is in contact with the second metal pattern. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a side surface of the first barrier pattern, a side surface of the second barrier pattern, and a side surface of the first metal pattern are respective flat surfaces. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a side surface of the first barrier pattern, a side surface of the second barrier pattern, and a side surface of the first metal pattern are respective uneven surfaces. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer to cover a side surface of the first barrier pattern, a side surface of the second barrier pattern, and a side surface of the first metal pattern. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the conductive element is a via, a redistribution, or a pad. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier pattern, the second barrier pattern, and the first metal pattern provide a redistribution, a pad, or an under-bump metallurgy (UBM) layer. 14. A semiconductor device comprising:
an insulating layer; a conductive element in the insulating layer; a first barrier pattern in contact with a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the insulating layer; and a metal pattern on the first barrier pattern, wherein a thickness of the first barrier pattern ranges from 10 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å, and wherein the first barrier pattern comprises metal nitride. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, further comprising a second barrier pattern between the metal pattern and the first barrier pattern,
wherein the second barrier pattern comprises a metallic material. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein a side surface of the first barrier pattern is not vertically aligned with a side surface of the metal pattern. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein a width of the metal pattern is larger than a width of the first barrier pattern. 18. A semiconductor package comprising:
a board; and a first semiconductor package mounted on the board, the first semiconductor package comprising a re-distribution layer, a semiconductor chip on the re-distribution layer, and a terminal structure between the re-distribution layer and the board, wherein the re-distribution layer comprises an insulating layer and a conductive element in the insulating layer, wherein the terminal structure comprises:
a first barrier pattern and a second barrier pattern that are sequentially stacked on a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the insulating layer;
a metal pattern on the second barrier pattern; and
a connection terminal between the metal pattern and the board,
wherein a width of the second barrier pattern is smaller than a width of the first barrier pattern and a width of the metal pattern, and wherein the second barrier pattern comprises titanium. 19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein the first barrier pattern comprises titanium nitride. 20. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein a thickness of the first barrier pattern ranges from 10 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å. | Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes an insulating layer and a conductive element in the insulating layer. The semiconductor device includes a first barrier pattern in contact with a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the insulating layer. The semiconductor device includes a second barrier pattern on the first barrier pattern. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a metal pattern on the second barrier pattern. Related semiconductor packages are also provided.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulating layer; a conductive element in the first insulating layer; a first barrier pattern in contact with a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the first insulating layer; a second barrier pattern on the first barrier pattern; and a first metal pattern on the second barrier pattern, wherein a width of the first barrier pattern is smaller than a width of the first metal pattern, and wherein a width of the second barrier pattern is smaller than the width of the first barrier pattern. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier pattern comprises metal nitride. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier pattern has a thickness ranging from 10 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a metal film on the first metal pattern; and a connection terminal on and in contact with the metal film, wherein the first metal pattern comprises copper, and wherein the metal film comprises nickel. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer comprises a polymer or oxide layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a connection terminal on the first metal pattern,
wherein the connection terminal does not cover a side surface of the first barrier pattern and a side surface of the second barrier pattern. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first metal film on the first metal pattern; a second metal film on the first metal film; and a connection terminal on and in contact with the second metal film, wherein the first metal pattern comprises copper, wherein the first metal film comprises nickel, and wherein the second metal film comprises gold. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises:
a third barrier pattern; a second metal pattern between the third barrier pattern and the first barrier pattern; and a fourth barrier pattern between the third barrier pattern and the second metal pattern, wherein the first barrier pattern is in contact with the second metal pattern. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a side surface of the first barrier pattern, a side surface of the second barrier pattern, and a side surface of the first metal pattern are respective flat surfaces. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a side surface of the first barrier pattern, a side surface of the second barrier pattern, and a side surface of the first metal pattern are respective uneven surfaces. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer to cover a side surface of the first barrier pattern, a side surface of the second barrier pattern, and a side surface of the first metal pattern. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the conductive element is a via, a redistribution, or a pad. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier pattern, the second barrier pattern, and the first metal pattern provide a redistribution, a pad, or an under-bump metallurgy (UBM) layer. 14. A semiconductor device comprising:
an insulating layer; a conductive element in the insulating layer; a first barrier pattern in contact with a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the insulating layer; and a metal pattern on the first barrier pattern, wherein a thickness of the first barrier pattern ranges from 10 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å, and wherein the first barrier pattern comprises metal nitride. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, further comprising a second barrier pattern between the metal pattern and the first barrier pattern,
wherein the second barrier pattern comprises a metallic material. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein a side surface of the first barrier pattern is not vertically aligned with a side surface of the metal pattern. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein a width of the metal pattern is larger than a width of the first barrier pattern. 18. A semiconductor package comprising:
a board; and a first semiconductor package mounted on the board, the first semiconductor package comprising a re-distribution layer, a semiconductor chip on the re-distribution layer, and a terminal structure between the re-distribution layer and the board, wherein the re-distribution layer comprises an insulating layer and a conductive element in the insulating layer, wherein the terminal structure comprises:
a first barrier pattern and a second barrier pattern that are sequentially stacked on a surface of the conductive element and a surface of the insulating layer;
a metal pattern on the second barrier pattern; and
a connection terminal between the metal pattern and the board,
wherein a width of the second barrier pattern is smaller than a width of the first barrier pattern and a width of the metal pattern, and wherein the second barrier pattern comprises titanium. 19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein the first barrier pattern comprises titanium nitride. 20. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein a thickness of the first barrier pattern ranges from 10 angstroms (Å) to 100 Å. | 3,700 |
344,085 | 16,803,521 | 3,736 | An exhaust nozzle for use with a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud, an inner plug spaced radially apart from the outer shroud, and at least one support vane that is coupled to the outer shroud. The outer shroud and the inner plug cooperate to provide an exhaust nozzle flow path therebetween. The at least one support vane interconnects the outer shroud and the inner plug to support the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path. | 1. A gas turbine engine comprising
an engine core including a compressor configured to receive and compress an airflow, a combustor configured to receive a compressed airflow from the compressor and combust the compressed airflow to produce hot, high-pressure combustion products, and a turbine configured to interact with the high-pressure combustion products, and an exhaust nozzle configured to receive the high-pressure combustion products from the engine core and discharge the high-pressure combustion products to the atmosphere, the exhaust nozzle including an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, and at least one support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, wherein the inner plug includes a plug-support frame coupled to the support vane to position the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path and an outer plug shell coupled to the plug-support frame to provide an outer flow path boundary for the inner plug, the plug-support frame being configured to block movement of the outer plug shell relative to the plug-support frame and allow thermal expansion and contraction of the outer plug shell as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. 2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the plug-support frame includes a main body that extends longitudinally along the central axis, a load-bearing disk coupled to the main body, and a plurality of load-bearing rods that interconnect the main body and the outer plug shell to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body as the outer vane shell expands radially outward away from the central axis. 3. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods includes a support shaft that is coupled to the main body for pivotable movement relative to the main body. 4. The gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein each of the support shafts is coupled to the outer plug shell for pivotable movement relative to the outer plug shell. 5. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the outer plug shell includes a centerbody section that has a cylindrical shape and a nozzle section that has a droplet shape and each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section. 6. The gas turbine engine of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section downstream of where the nozzle section has a greatest diameter. 7. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the outer plug shell includes load-transfer ring that is aligned with the load-bearing disk relative to the central axis. 8. The gas turbine engine of claim 7, wherein the load-bearing disk is formed to include a plurality of first axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of first keys that engage the load-transfer ring to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body. 9. The gas turbine engine of claim 8, the load-transfer ring is formed to include a plurality of second axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of second keys that interlock with the plurality of first keys of the load-bearing disk. 10. The gas turbine engine of claim 9, wherein the load-bearing ring and the load-transfer ring are configured to translate relative to one another as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. 11. An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the exhaust nozzle comprising
outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, and at least one support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, wherein the inner plug includes a plug-support frame coupled to the support vane to position the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path and an outer plug shell coupled to the plug-support frame to provide an outer flow path boundary for the inner plug, the plug-support frame being configured to block movement of the outer plug shell relative to the plug-support frame and allow thermal expansion and contraction of the outer plug shell as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. 12. The gas turbine engine of claim 11, wherein the plug-support frame includes a main body that extends longitudinally along the central axis, a load-bearing disk coupled to the main body, and a plurality of load-bearing rods that interconnect the main body and the outer plug shell to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body as the outer vane shell expands radially outward away from the central axis. 13. The gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods includes a support shaft that is mounted to the main body for pivotable movement relative to the main body. 14. The gas turbine engine of claim 13, wherein each support shaft is mounted to the outer plug shell for pivotable movement relative to the outer plug shell. 15. The gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the outer plug shell includes a centerbody section that has a cylindrical shape and a nozzle section that has a droplet shape and each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section downstream of where the nozzle section has a greatest diameter. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the outer plug shell includes load-transfer ring that is aligned with the load-bearing disk relative to the central axis. 18. The gas turbine engine of claim 17, wherein the load-bearing disk is formed to include a plurality of first axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of first keys that engage the load-transfer ring to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body. 19. The gas turbine engine of claim 18, the load-transfer ring is formed to include a plurality of second axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of second keys that interlock with the plurality of first keys of the load-bearing disk. 20. The gas turbine engine of claim 19, wherein the load-bearing ring and the load-transfer ring are configured to translate relative to one another as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. | An exhaust nozzle for use with a gas turbine engine includes an outer shroud, an inner plug spaced radially apart from the outer shroud, and at least one support vane that is coupled to the outer shroud. The outer shroud and the inner plug cooperate to provide an exhaust nozzle flow path therebetween. The at least one support vane interconnects the outer shroud and the inner plug to support the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path.1. A gas turbine engine comprising
an engine core including a compressor configured to receive and compress an airflow, a combustor configured to receive a compressed airflow from the compressor and combust the compressed airflow to produce hot, high-pressure combustion products, and a turbine configured to interact with the high-pressure combustion products, and an exhaust nozzle configured to receive the high-pressure combustion products from the engine core and discharge the high-pressure combustion products to the atmosphere, the exhaust nozzle including an outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, and at least one support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, wherein the inner plug includes a plug-support frame coupled to the support vane to position the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path and an outer plug shell coupled to the plug-support frame to provide an outer flow path boundary for the inner plug, the plug-support frame being configured to block movement of the outer plug shell relative to the plug-support frame and allow thermal expansion and contraction of the outer plug shell as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. 2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the plug-support frame includes a main body that extends longitudinally along the central axis, a load-bearing disk coupled to the main body, and a plurality of load-bearing rods that interconnect the main body and the outer plug shell to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body as the outer vane shell expands radially outward away from the central axis. 3. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods includes a support shaft that is coupled to the main body for pivotable movement relative to the main body. 4. The gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein each of the support shafts is coupled to the outer plug shell for pivotable movement relative to the outer plug shell. 5. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the outer plug shell includes a centerbody section that has a cylindrical shape and a nozzle section that has a droplet shape and each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section. 6. The gas turbine engine of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section downstream of where the nozzle section has a greatest diameter. 7. The gas turbine engine of claim 2, wherein the outer plug shell includes load-transfer ring that is aligned with the load-bearing disk relative to the central axis. 8. The gas turbine engine of claim 7, wherein the load-bearing disk is formed to include a plurality of first axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of first keys that engage the load-transfer ring to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body. 9. The gas turbine engine of claim 8, the load-transfer ring is formed to include a plurality of second axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of second keys that interlock with the plurality of first keys of the load-bearing disk. 10. The gas turbine engine of claim 9, wherein the load-bearing ring and the load-transfer ring are configured to translate relative to one another as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. 11. An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, the exhaust nozzle comprising
outer shroud arranged circumferentially about an axis to define an outer boundary surface of an exhaust nozzle flow path, an inner plug arranged circumferentially about the axis to define an inner boundary surface of the exhaust nozzle flow path, and at least one support vane that extends between the outer shroud and the inner plug through the exhaust nozzle flow path, wherein the inner plug includes a plug-support frame coupled to the support vane to position the inner plug in the exhaust nozzle flow path and an outer plug shell coupled to the plug-support frame to provide an outer flow path boundary for the inner plug, the plug-support frame being configured to block movement of the outer plug shell relative to the plug-support frame and allow thermal expansion and contraction of the outer plug shell as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. 12. The gas turbine engine of claim 11, wherein the plug-support frame includes a main body that extends longitudinally along the central axis, a load-bearing disk coupled to the main body, and a plurality of load-bearing rods that interconnect the main body and the outer plug shell to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body as the outer vane shell expands radially outward away from the central axis. 13. The gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods includes a support shaft that is mounted to the main body for pivotable movement relative to the main body. 14. The gas turbine engine of claim 13, wherein each support shaft is mounted to the outer plug shell for pivotable movement relative to the outer plug shell. 15. The gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the outer plug shell includes a centerbody section that has a cylindrical shape and a nozzle section that has a droplet shape and each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of load-bearing rods is coupled to the nozzle section downstream of where the nozzle section has a greatest diameter. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the outer plug shell includes load-transfer ring that is aligned with the load-bearing disk relative to the central axis. 18. The gas turbine engine of claim 17, wherein the load-bearing disk is formed to include a plurality of first axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of first keys that engage the load-transfer ring to transfer loads from the outer plug shell to the main body. 19. The gas turbine engine of claim 18, the load-transfer ring is formed to include a plurality of second axially-extending slots spaced circumferentially about the central axis to provide a plurality of second keys that interlock with the plurality of first keys of the load-bearing disk. 20. The gas turbine engine of claim 19, wherein the load-bearing ring and the load-transfer ring are configured to translate relative to one another as a temperature of the exhaust nozzle changes. | 3,700 |
344,086 | 16,803,573 | 3,736 | Disclosed is a configuration of a portable device holder. The portable device holder according to the present invention includes: a strap, a fixing plate, a closing plate, a movable plate and an attachment means. The portable device holder is attached to the back side of the portable device so that the portable device can be more stably hold or installed, can display promotional words and phrases on the central part of the strap where the central part is protruded if pushing both side tip ends and thus, can be used for sales promotion, and further, can reduce the occupied volume by spreading the strap when not in use. | 1. A portable device holder comprising:
a strap which is formed in a band shape in which the length is longer than the width, both side tip parts are wider than a central part, the both sides are formed to be symmetrical with each other, and a hooking part having an outwardly protruding structure is respectively formed at the side surface of the both side tip parts; a fixing plate in which a rectangular pull-out part is formed through the central part so that the central part of the strap can be exposed to the outside, and a strap housing part having a shape corresponding to the tip part of the strap on both sides around the strap pull-out part is formed in a groove shape on the back side; a closing plate which is attached to the back side of the fixing plate to block the strap pull-out part and the strap housing part from being opened rearward; a movable plate which is installed on the central part of the strap, and operates to be spaced apart from the fixed plate at regular intervals while protruding the central part of the strap through the strap pull-out part of the fixing plate when the tip parts of the strap are operated in a direction close to each other; and an attachment means which is formed on one side surface of the closing plate so that the closing plate can be maintained in a state attached to the back side of the portable device. 2. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein the width of the central part of the strap is formed to be the same width in a certain section, and the operating part between the central part and the tip part is formed with a narrow width compared to the width of the central part and the tip part. 3. The portable device holder of claim 2, wherein the both side ends of the operating part of the strap are formed in a concave shape, and the tip parts of the strap are formed in a concave shape. 4. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein a bending guide is respectively formed in a section of the strap corresponding to the boundary of the strap pull-out part of the fixing plate. 5. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein a center projection for guiding the center of the strap with respect to the fixing plate is formed on the central part of the trap, while a center groove is formed in the fixing plate at a position corresponding to the center projection. 6. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein, the movable plate is configured by a structure rotatably coupled to the central part of the strap 7. A portable device holder comprising:
a strap which is formed in a band shape in which the length is longer than the width, and a guide rail having a predetermined length may be respectively formed at both sides of the central part; a fixing plate in which a rectangular pull-out part is formed through the central part so that the central part of the strap can be exposed to the outside, a strap housing part having a shape corresponding to the tip part of the strap on both sides around the strap pull-out part is formed in a groove shape, and a guide pin inserted in a guide rail is fixed and formed; a closing plate which is attached to the back side of the fixing plate to block the strap pull-out part and the strap housing part from being opened rearward; a movable plate which is installed on the central part of the strap, and operates to be spaced apart from the fixed plate at regular intervals while protruding the central part of the strap through the strap pull-out part of the fixing plate when the tip parts of the strap are operated in a direction close to each other; and an attachment means which is formed on one side of the closing plate so that the closing plate can be maintained in a state attached to the back side of the portable device. | Disclosed is a configuration of a portable device holder. The portable device holder according to the present invention includes: a strap, a fixing plate, a closing plate, a movable plate and an attachment means. The portable device holder is attached to the back side of the portable device so that the portable device can be more stably hold or installed, can display promotional words and phrases on the central part of the strap where the central part is protruded if pushing both side tip ends and thus, can be used for sales promotion, and further, can reduce the occupied volume by spreading the strap when not in use.1. A portable device holder comprising:
a strap which is formed in a band shape in which the length is longer than the width, both side tip parts are wider than a central part, the both sides are formed to be symmetrical with each other, and a hooking part having an outwardly protruding structure is respectively formed at the side surface of the both side tip parts; a fixing plate in which a rectangular pull-out part is formed through the central part so that the central part of the strap can be exposed to the outside, and a strap housing part having a shape corresponding to the tip part of the strap on both sides around the strap pull-out part is formed in a groove shape on the back side; a closing plate which is attached to the back side of the fixing plate to block the strap pull-out part and the strap housing part from being opened rearward; a movable plate which is installed on the central part of the strap, and operates to be spaced apart from the fixed plate at regular intervals while protruding the central part of the strap through the strap pull-out part of the fixing plate when the tip parts of the strap are operated in a direction close to each other; and an attachment means which is formed on one side surface of the closing plate so that the closing plate can be maintained in a state attached to the back side of the portable device. 2. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein the width of the central part of the strap is formed to be the same width in a certain section, and the operating part between the central part and the tip part is formed with a narrow width compared to the width of the central part and the tip part. 3. The portable device holder of claim 2, wherein the both side ends of the operating part of the strap are formed in a concave shape, and the tip parts of the strap are formed in a concave shape. 4. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein a bending guide is respectively formed in a section of the strap corresponding to the boundary of the strap pull-out part of the fixing plate. 5. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein a center projection for guiding the center of the strap with respect to the fixing plate is formed on the central part of the trap, while a center groove is formed in the fixing plate at a position corresponding to the center projection. 6. The portable device holder of claim 1, wherein, the movable plate is configured by a structure rotatably coupled to the central part of the strap 7. A portable device holder comprising:
a strap which is formed in a band shape in which the length is longer than the width, and a guide rail having a predetermined length may be respectively formed at both sides of the central part; a fixing plate in which a rectangular pull-out part is formed through the central part so that the central part of the strap can be exposed to the outside, a strap housing part having a shape corresponding to the tip part of the strap on both sides around the strap pull-out part is formed in a groove shape, and a guide pin inserted in a guide rail is fixed and formed; a closing plate which is attached to the back side of the fixing plate to block the strap pull-out part and the strap housing part from being opened rearward; a movable plate which is installed on the central part of the strap, and operates to be spaced apart from the fixed plate at regular intervals while protruding the central part of the strap through the strap pull-out part of the fixing plate when the tip parts of the strap are operated in a direction close to each other; and an attachment means which is formed on one side of the closing plate so that the closing plate can be maintained in a state attached to the back side of the portable device. | 3,700 |
344,087 | 16,803,533 | 3,736 | Provided is a glass type electronic device in which an optical driving assembly is disposed in a spatially efficient position and which stably implements an optical path. The glass type electronic device includes a binocular lens provided to correspond to both eyes of a wearer, a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and seated on a head of the wearer, an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case for emitting an image light to the binocular lens, and a battery supplying power to the optical driving assembly. The electronic component case is disposed to correspond to an area between superciliary arches of the wearer. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and configured to be seated on a head of the wearer; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame; an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit image light to the binocular lens; and a battery configured to supply power to the optical driving assembly, wherein a position of the electronic component case corresponds to an area between superciliary arches of the wearer. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
the lens frame comprises an upper frame coupled to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the electronic component case is fixed to the upper frame. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the electronic component case is provided at a rear side of the upper frame. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, further comprising a support member provided at a rear side of the electronic component case to support an area between the superciliary arches of the wearer. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the support member is provided at the rear side of the electronic component case and comprises an elastic material. 6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the rear side of the upper frame comprises a concave portion that is recessed forward, and
the electronic component case includes a forward protrusion that fills the concave portion of the upper frame. 7. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein an upper transverse width of an upper portion of the electronic component case is greater than a lower transverse width of a lower portion of the electronic component case. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the upper portion of the electronic component case corresponds to the area between the superciliary arches of the wearer and the lower portion of the electronic component case corresponds to an area of a nasal root of the wearer. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the battery is provided in the upper portion of the electronic component case. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the battery is spaced apart forward from the area between the superciliary arches of the wearer. 11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to emit light; and an emitting lens group provided on an optical path of the light emitted from the image source panel, and wherein the image source panel and the emitting lens group are provided in the lower portion of the electronic component case. 12. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein:
the lens frame further comprises a side frame configured to be seated at both sides of the head of the wearer, the upper frame comprises:
an inner portion forming a center area of the lens frame; and
an outer portion provided transversely outward of the inner portion and connected to the side frame,
the inner portion is fixed to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the outer portion is spaced from the upper boundary of the binocular lens and is fixed to the side frame. 13. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame connected to the binocular lens and configured to be seated on a head of the wearer; an electronic component case disposed in a central area of the binocular lens and connected to the lens frame; and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit image light to the binocular lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to emit light; and
an emitting lens group provided on an optical path of the light emitted from the image source panel. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the optical driving assembly further includes a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to a reflection region of the binocular lens. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the reflective mirror is provided between the reflection region and the emitting lens group, as viewed from the front side of the electronic device. 16. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein, with respect to a vertical plane passing through a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group and a center of the reflection region, a direction vector of the light emitted from the emitting lens group has a rearward component. 17. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the binocular lens comprises an optically transparent material, and the reflection region is coated so that at least a portion of light is reflected. 18. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein:
the lens frame comprises an upper frame coupled to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the electronic component case is fixed to the upper frame of the lens frame. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein:
the lens frame further comprises a side frame seated at both sides of the head of the wearer, the upper frame of the lens frame comprises:
an inner portion forming a center area of the lens frame; and
an outer portion provided transversely outward of the inner portion and connected to the side frame, the inner portion is fixed only to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the outer portion is spaced from the upper boundary of the binocular lens and is fixed to the side frame of the lens frame. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens; a lens frame having a rear side with a concave portion; a case fixed to the concave portion of the lens frame; an optical driving assembly mounted in the case and configured to emit image light to the lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
a lens group; and
a reflective mirror positioned adjacent to emitting lens group and configured to reflect light emitted from the lens group. | Provided is a glass type electronic device in which an optical driving assembly is disposed in a spatially efficient position and which stably implements an optical path. The glass type electronic device includes a binocular lens provided to correspond to both eyes of a wearer, a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and seated on a head of the wearer, an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame, an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case for emitting an image light to the binocular lens, and a battery supplying power to the optical driving assembly. The electronic component case is disposed to correspond to an area between superciliary arches of the wearer.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame fixed to the binocular lens and configured to be seated on a head of the wearer; an electronic component case fixed to the lens frame; an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit image light to the binocular lens; and a battery configured to supply power to the optical driving assembly, wherein a position of the electronic component case corresponds to an area between superciliary arches of the wearer. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
the lens frame comprises an upper frame coupled to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the electronic component case is fixed to the upper frame. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the electronic component case is provided at a rear side of the upper frame. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, further comprising a support member provided at a rear side of the electronic component case to support an area between the superciliary arches of the wearer. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the support member is provided at the rear side of the electronic component case and comprises an elastic material. 6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the rear side of the upper frame comprises a concave portion that is recessed forward, and
the electronic component case includes a forward protrusion that fills the concave portion of the upper frame. 7. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein an upper transverse width of an upper portion of the electronic component case is greater than a lower transverse width of a lower portion of the electronic component case. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the upper portion of the electronic component case corresponds to the area between the superciliary arches of the wearer and the lower portion of the electronic component case corresponds to an area of a nasal root of the wearer. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the battery is provided in the upper portion of the electronic component case. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the battery is spaced apart forward from the area between the superciliary arches of the wearer. 11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to emit light; and an emitting lens group provided on an optical path of the light emitted from the image source panel, and wherein the image source panel and the emitting lens group are provided in the lower portion of the electronic component case. 12. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein:
the lens frame further comprises a side frame configured to be seated at both sides of the head of the wearer, the upper frame comprises:
an inner portion forming a center area of the lens frame; and
an outer portion provided transversely outward of the inner portion and connected to the side frame,
the inner portion is fixed to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the outer portion is spaced from the upper boundary of the binocular lens and is fixed to the side frame. 13. An electronic device, comprising:
a binocular lens provided to correspond to eyes of a wearer; a lens frame connected to the binocular lens and configured to be seated on a head of the wearer; an electronic component case disposed in a central area of the binocular lens and connected to the lens frame; and an optical driving assembly mounted in the electronic component case and configured to emit image light to the binocular lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
an image source panel configured to emit light; and
an emitting lens group provided on an optical path of the light emitted from the image source panel. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the optical driving assembly further includes a reflective mirror configured to reflect the light, emitted from the emitting lens group, to a reflection region of the binocular lens. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the reflective mirror is provided between the reflection region and the emitting lens group, as viewed from the front side of the electronic device. 16. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein, with respect to a vertical plane passing through a center of an exit surface of the emitting lens group and a center of the reflection region, a direction vector of the light emitted from the emitting lens group has a rearward component. 17. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the binocular lens comprises an optically transparent material, and the reflection region is coated so that at least a portion of light is reflected. 18. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein:
the lens frame comprises an upper frame coupled to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the electronic component case is fixed to the upper frame of the lens frame. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein:
the lens frame further comprises a side frame seated at both sides of the head of the wearer, the upper frame of the lens frame comprises:
an inner portion forming a center area of the lens frame; and
an outer portion provided transversely outward of the inner portion and connected to the side frame, the inner portion is fixed only to an upper boundary of the binocular lens, and the outer portion is spaced from the upper boundary of the binocular lens and is fixed to the side frame of the lens frame. 20. An electronic device, comprising:
a lens; a lens frame having a rear side with a concave portion; a case fixed to the concave portion of the lens frame; an optical driving assembly mounted in the case and configured to emit image light to the lens, wherein the optical driving assembly comprises:
a lens group; and
a reflective mirror positioned adjacent to emitting lens group and configured to reflect light emitted from the lens group. | 3,700 |
344,088 | 16,803,561 | 3,736 | The present invention relates to a biologic that inhibits angiogenesis. In particular, the present invention relates to fusion proteins that inhibit the integrin activated pathway and one other angiogenic factor-activated pathway, the compositions of these fusion proteins, as well as methods for producing and using the same. | 1.-21. (canceled) 22. A fusion protein comprising:
an integrin binding peptide comprising disintegrin binding to integrin αvβx or α5β1 or its integrin binding fragments; other protein binding peptide binding to an angiogenic factor, wherein the angiogenic factor comprises Angiopoietin (ANG), Ephrin (Eph), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Neuropilin (NRP), Plasminogen Activators, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Tumor Growth Factor beta (TGF-β), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Vascular Endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF), Connective-Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), and receptors thereof; and a Fc domain; 23. The fusion protein according to claim 22, comprising the integrin binding peptide, the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide from C-terminus to N-terminus or from N-terminus to C-terminus. 24. The fusion protein according to claim 22, further comprising a linker sequence between the integrin binding peptide and the other protein binding peptide or a signal peptide sequence upstream of the other protein binding peptide. 25. The fusion protein according to claim 22, further comprising a GS or G9 linker between the Fc domain and the integrin binding peptide or between the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide. 26. The fusion protein according to claim 22, wherein the integrin binding peptide has at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7. 27. A nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein according to claim 22. 28. A dimer of the fusion protein according to claim 22. 29. A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 27. 30. A method of producing a fusion protein, comprising culturing a host cell comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 27 under a condition that produces the fusion protein, and recovering the fusion protein produced by the host cell. 31. A composition comprising the fusion protein according to claim 22 and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, carrier or excipient. 32. A fusion protein comprising:
an integrin binding peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7; other protein binding peptide comprising an extracellular domain of a VEGF receptor; and a Fc domain; 33. The fusion protein according to claim 32, comprising the integrin binding peptide, the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide from C-terminus to N-terminus or from N-terminus to C-terminus. 34. The fusion protein according to claim 32, further comprising a linker sequence between the integrin binding peptide and the other protein binding peptide or a signal peptide sequence upstream of the other protein binding peptide. 35. The fusion protein according to claim 32, further comprising a GS or G9 linker between the Fc domain and the integrin binding peptide or between the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide. 36. The fusion protein according to claim 32, wherein the extracellular domain of the VEGF receptor comprises i) an Ig-like domain D2 of a VEGFR1 and an Ig-like domain D3 of a VEGFR2; ii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 10; or iv) Ig-like domains D1-D7 of the VEGF receptor. 37. A nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein according to claim 32. 38. A dimer of the fusion protein according to claim 32. 39. A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 37. 40. A method of producing a fusion protein, comprising culturing a host cell comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 37 under a condition that produces the fusion protein, and recovering the fusion protein produced by the host cell. 41. A composition comprising the fusion protein according to claim 32 and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, carrier or excipient. | The present invention relates to a biologic that inhibits angiogenesis. In particular, the present invention relates to fusion proteins that inhibit the integrin activated pathway and one other angiogenic factor-activated pathway, the compositions of these fusion proteins, as well as methods for producing and using the same.1.-21. (canceled) 22. A fusion protein comprising:
an integrin binding peptide comprising disintegrin binding to integrin αvβx or α5β1 or its integrin binding fragments; other protein binding peptide binding to an angiogenic factor, wherein the angiogenic factor comprises Angiopoietin (ANG), Ephrin (Eph), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Neuropilin (NRP), Plasminogen Activators, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Tumor Growth Factor beta (TGF-β), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Vascular Endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF), Connective-Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), and receptors thereof; and a Fc domain; 23. The fusion protein according to claim 22, comprising the integrin binding peptide, the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide from C-terminus to N-terminus or from N-terminus to C-terminus. 24. The fusion protein according to claim 22, further comprising a linker sequence between the integrin binding peptide and the other protein binding peptide or a signal peptide sequence upstream of the other protein binding peptide. 25. The fusion protein according to claim 22, further comprising a GS or G9 linker between the Fc domain and the integrin binding peptide or between the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide. 26. The fusion protein according to claim 22, wherein the integrin binding peptide has at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7. 27. A nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein according to claim 22. 28. A dimer of the fusion protein according to claim 22. 29. A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 27. 30. A method of producing a fusion protein, comprising culturing a host cell comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 27 under a condition that produces the fusion protein, and recovering the fusion protein produced by the host cell. 31. A composition comprising the fusion protein according to claim 22 and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, carrier or excipient. 32. A fusion protein comprising:
an integrin binding peptide having an amino acid sequence selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, and SEQ ID NO: 7, or an amino acid sequence having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7; other protein binding peptide comprising an extracellular domain of a VEGF receptor; and a Fc domain; 33. The fusion protein according to claim 32, comprising the integrin binding peptide, the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide from C-terminus to N-terminus or from N-terminus to C-terminus. 34. The fusion protein according to claim 32, further comprising a linker sequence between the integrin binding peptide and the other protein binding peptide or a signal peptide sequence upstream of the other protein binding peptide. 35. The fusion protein according to claim 32, further comprising a GS or G9 linker between the Fc domain and the integrin binding peptide or between the Fc domain and the other protein binding peptide. 36. The fusion protein according to claim 32, wherein the extracellular domain of the VEGF receptor comprises i) an Ig-like domain D2 of a VEGFR1 and an Ig-like domain D3 of a VEGFR2; ii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO: 10; or iv) Ig-like domains D1-D7 of the VEGF receptor. 37. A nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein according to claim 32. 38. A dimer of the fusion protein according to claim 32. 39. A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 37. 40. A method of producing a fusion protein, comprising culturing a host cell comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 37 under a condition that produces the fusion protein, and recovering the fusion protein produced by the host cell. 41. A composition comprising the fusion protein according to claim 32 and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, carrier or excipient. | 3,700 |
344,089 | 16,803,566 | 3,736 | A retail merchandise tray is provided. The retail merchandise tray includes a pair of load bearing members, a front stop mounted to the load bearing members, a wire support structure removably attached to the front stop and load bearing members, a pusher that slides along the wire support structure, and a pair of movable divider assemblies. | 1-30. (canceled) 31. A retail merchandise tray, comprising:
a pair of opposed load bearing members; a front stop wall mounted to the pair of load bearing members; a support frame including a lateral element and at least one longitudinal element extending perpendicularly from the lateral element, wherein the lateral element includes a pair of opposed ends, wherein at least one end includes an inner abutment and an outer key, the inner abutment and the outer key protrude from the lateral element at the at least one end, the outer key, inner abutment and the lateral element are integrally formed as one piece, wherein the outer key is arranged to pass through a keyway formed in one of the pair of load bearing members such that the load bearing member is located between the outer key and the inner abutment, wherein the outer key and inner abutment prevent the load bearing member from moving laterally relative to the lateral element; and a pusher mounted to the support frame, the pusher movable along the support frame toward and away from the front stop along wall a first axis, wherein the pusher is configured to push the products towards the front stop wall; at least one divider assembly movable relative to the pair of opposed load bearing members along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; a pair of spacers aligned along the first axis and interposed between the pair of load bearing members and situated below the support frame. 32. The retail merchandise tray of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one divider assembly movable relative to the pair of opposed load bearing members along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; a pair of spacers aligned along the first axis and interposed between the pair of load bearing members and situated below the support frame. 33. The retail merchandise tray of claim 31, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a pair of divider assemblies movable about the second axis and arranged such that the pair of load bearing members are interposed between the pair of divider assemblies. 34. The retail merchandise tray of claim 32, wherein the support frame has opposed first and second ends, the support frame removably attached at the first end to the front stop and removably attached at the second end to the pair of load bearing members. 35. The retail merchandise tray of claim 34, wherein the divider wall includes an upright portion having opposed sides, wherein a flange extends from at least one of the opposed sides perpendicular to the upright portion. 36. The retail merchandise tray of claim 35, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a baffle plate extension connected to the at least one flange by a slidable connection, and wherein the baffle plate extension is mounted to each of the pair of spacers by a slidable connection such that the baffle plate extension is slidable relative to the pair of spacers and relative to the divider wall. 37. The retail merchandise tray of claim 36, wherein the slidable connection between the baffle plate extension and the at least one flange comprise a tab depending downwardly from the flange and a slot formed in the baffle plate extension which receives the tab, and wherein the slidable connection between the baffle plate extension and the pair of spacers includes a pair of clips formed on the baffle plate extension, with one clip of the pair of clips connected to one spacer of the pair of spacers, and the other clip of the pair of clips connected to the other spacer of the pair of spacers. 38. The retail merchandise tray of claim 37, further comprising a baffle plate connected to the pair of spacers, the baffle plate including a pair of clips, with one clip of the pair of clips connected to one spacer of the pair of spacers, and the other clip of the pair of clips connected to the other spacer of the pair of spacers. 39. The retail merchandise tray of claim 31, further comprising a shelf mounting arrangement for mounting the retail merchandise tray to a shelf, the shelf mounting arrangement comprising one of:
a mounting plate removably attached to one of the pair of spacers, the mounting plate having extensions configured to extend into apertures of the shelf to fix the tray to the shelf; or a mounting rail configured for mounting to the retail shelf and at least one mounting tab, the mounting rail including a plurality of spaced apart teeth arranged to receive the at least one mounting tab in a space between adjacent teeth, the at least one mounting tab being formed on the front stop. 40. The retail merchandise tray of claim 39, wherein the front stop includes a mounting portion and an upright portion, wherein the mounting portion is one of integrally formed with the upright portion as a rigid one piece component or formed as a separate piece from the upright portion, with a hinge formed between the upright portion and the mounting portion such that the upright portion is rotatable about the hinge relative to the mounting portion. 41. The retail merchandise tray of claim 32, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a divider wall and a pair of supports, the pair of supports removably attached to the divider by a resilient connection. 42. A retail merchandise tray for storing products therein, comprising:
a frame configured to mount the merchandise tray to a support structure comprising:
a front stop wall;
a support frame having opposed first and second ends, the support frame removably attached at the first end to the front stop wall;
a pusher mounted to the frame, the pusher movable toward and away from the front stop wall along a first axis; at least one divider assembly movable relative to the frame along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis to adjust a width of the retail merchandise tray, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a divider wall; a baffle bottom plate connected to the frame with the baffle bottom plate being below the support frame, the baffle bottom plate including a clip extending upwardly therefrom that grasps the frame in order to releasably secure the baffle bottom plate to the retail merchandising tray; and wherein the front stop wall, the support frame, and each divider wall define borders to confine the products within the retail merchandise tray. 43. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a pair of divider assemblies movable along the second axis and arranged such that the frame is interposed between the pair of divider assemblies. 44. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the at least one divider assembly further comprises a pair of supports, each pair of supports removably attached to a corresponding divider wall by a resilient connection. 45. The retail merchandise tray of claim 44, wherein each divider wall includes an upright portion having opposed sides, wherein a flange extends from at least one of the opposed sides perpendicular to each upright portion. 46. The retail merchandise tray of claim 45, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a baffle plate extension connected to each flange by a slidable connection, and wherein each baffle plate extension is mounted to the frame by a slidable connection such that each baffle plate extension is slidable relative to the frame and each divider wall respectively. 47. The retail merchandise tray of claim 46, wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and each flange comprises a tab depending downwardly from each flange and a slot formed in each baffle plate extension which receives a respective tab of a corresponding flange, and wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and the frame includes at least one clip formed on each baffle plate extension. 48. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the front stop wall includes a mounting portion and an upright portion, wherein the mounting portion is one of integrally formed with the upright portion as a rigid one piece component or formed as a separate piece from the upright portion with a hinge formed between the upright portion and the mounting portion such that the upright portion is rotatable about the hinge relative to the mounting portion. 49. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the support frame includes a lateral element and at least one longitudinal element extending from the lateral element. 50. A retail merchandise tray for storing products therein, comprising:
a frame configured to mount the merchandise tray to a support structure a front stop wall mounted to the frame; a pusher mounted to the frame, the pusher movable toward and away from the front stop wall along a first axis; at least one divider assembly movable relative to the frame along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis to adjust a width of the retail merchandise tray, wherein the at least one divider includes a divider wall and a pair of supports; wherein each divider wall includes an upright portion having opposed sides, wherein a flange extends from at least one of the opposed sides perpendicular to each upright portion; wherein the at least one divider assembly further comprises a baffle plate extension connected to each flange by a slidable connection, and wherein each baffle plate extension is mounted to the frame by a slidable connection such that each baffle plate extension is slidable relative to the frame and each divider wall respectively; wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and each flange comprise a tab depending downwardly from each flange and a slot formed in each baffle plate extension which receives a respective tab of a corresponding flange. 51. The retail merchandise tray of claim 50, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a pair of divider assemblies movable along the second axis and arranged such that the frame is interposed between the pair of divider assemblies. 52. The retail merchandise tray of claim 50 wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and the frame includes a pair of clips formed on each baffle plate extension, the pair of clips slidably connected to the frame. 53. The retail merchandise tray of claim 52, further comprising a baffle plate connected to the frame, the baffle plate including a pair of second clips connected to the frame. | A retail merchandise tray is provided. The retail merchandise tray includes a pair of load bearing members, a front stop mounted to the load bearing members, a wire support structure removably attached to the front stop and load bearing members, a pusher that slides along the wire support structure, and a pair of movable divider assemblies.1-30. (canceled) 31. A retail merchandise tray, comprising:
a pair of opposed load bearing members; a front stop wall mounted to the pair of load bearing members; a support frame including a lateral element and at least one longitudinal element extending perpendicularly from the lateral element, wherein the lateral element includes a pair of opposed ends, wherein at least one end includes an inner abutment and an outer key, the inner abutment and the outer key protrude from the lateral element at the at least one end, the outer key, inner abutment and the lateral element are integrally formed as one piece, wherein the outer key is arranged to pass through a keyway formed in one of the pair of load bearing members such that the load bearing member is located between the outer key and the inner abutment, wherein the outer key and inner abutment prevent the load bearing member from moving laterally relative to the lateral element; and a pusher mounted to the support frame, the pusher movable along the support frame toward and away from the front stop along wall a first axis, wherein the pusher is configured to push the products towards the front stop wall; at least one divider assembly movable relative to the pair of opposed load bearing members along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; a pair of spacers aligned along the first axis and interposed between the pair of load bearing members and situated below the support frame. 32. The retail merchandise tray of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one divider assembly movable relative to the pair of opposed load bearing members along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; a pair of spacers aligned along the first axis and interposed between the pair of load bearing members and situated below the support frame. 33. The retail merchandise tray of claim 31, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a pair of divider assemblies movable about the second axis and arranged such that the pair of load bearing members are interposed between the pair of divider assemblies. 34. The retail merchandise tray of claim 32, wherein the support frame has opposed first and second ends, the support frame removably attached at the first end to the front stop and removably attached at the second end to the pair of load bearing members. 35. The retail merchandise tray of claim 34, wherein the divider wall includes an upright portion having opposed sides, wherein a flange extends from at least one of the opposed sides perpendicular to the upright portion. 36. The retail merchandise tray of claim 35, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a baffle plate extension connected to the at least one flange by a slidable connection, and wherein the baffle plate extension is mounted to each of the pair of spacers by a slidable connection such that the baffle plate extension is slidable relative to the pair of spacers and relative to the divider wall. 37. The retail merchandise tray of claim 36, wherein the slidable connection between the baffle plate extension and the at least one flange comprise a tab depending downwardly from the flange and a slot formed in the baffle plate extension which receives the tab, and wherein the slidable connection between the baffle plate extension and the pair of spacers includes a pair of clips formed on the baffle plate extension, with one clip of the pair of clips connected to one spacer of the pair of spacers, and the other clip of the pair of clips connected to the other spacer of the pair of spacers. 38. The retail merchandise tray of claim 37, further comprising a baffle plate connected to the pair of spacers, the baffle plate including a pair of clips, with one clip of the pair of clips connected to one spacer of the pair of spacers, and the other clip of the pair of clips connected to the other spacer of the pair of spacers. 39. The retail merchandise tray of claim 31, further comprising a shelf mounting arrangement for mounting the retail merchandise tray to a shelf, the shelf mounting arrangement comprising one of:
a mounting plate removably attached to one of the pair of spacers, the mounting plate having extensions configured to extend into apertures of the shelf to fix the tray to the shelf; or a mounting rail configured for mounting to the retail shelf and at least one mounting tab, the mounting rail including a plurality of spaced apart teeth arranged to receive the at least one mounting tab in a space between adjacent teeth, the at least one mounting tab being formed on the front stop. 40. The retail merchandise tray of claim 39, wherein the front stop includes a mounting portion and an upright portion, wherein the mounting portion is one of integrally formed with the upright portion as a rigid one piece component or formed as a separate piece from the upright portion, with a hinge formed between the upright portion and the mounting portion such that the upright portion is rotatable about the hinge relative to the mounting portion. 41. The retail merchandise tray of claim 32, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a divider wall and a pair of supports, the pair of supports removably attached to the divider by a resilient connection. 42. A retail merchandise tray for storing products therein, comprising:
a frame configured to mount the merchandise tray to a support structure comprising:
a front stop wall;
a support frame having opposed first and second ends, the support frame removably attached at the first end to the front stop wall;
a pusher mounted to the frame, the pusher movable toward and away from the front stop wall along a first axis; at least one divider assembly movable relative to the frame along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis to adjust a width of the retail merchandise tray, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a divider wall; a baffle bottom plate connected to the frame with the baffle bottom plate being below the support frame, the baffle bottom plate including a clip extending upwardly therefrom that grasps the frame in order to releasably secure the baffle bottom plate to the retail merchandising tray; and wherein the front stop wall, the support frame, and each divider wall define borders to confine the products within the retail merchandise tray. 43. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a pair of divider assemblies movable along the second axis and arranged such that the frame is interposed between the pair of divider assemblies. 44. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the at least one divider assembly further comprises a pair of supports, each pair of supports removably attached to a corresponding divider wall by a resilient connection. 45. The retail merchandise tray of claim 44, wherein each divider wall includes an upright portion having opposed sides, wherein a flange extends from at least one of the opposed sides perpendicular to each upright portion. 46. The retail merchandise tray of claim 45, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a baffle plate extension connected to each flange by a slidable connection, and wherein each baffle plate extension is mounted to the frame by a slidable connection such that each baffle plate extension is slidable relative to the frame and each divider wall respectively. 47. The retail merchandise tray of claim 46, wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and each flange comprises a tab depending downwardly from each flange and a slot formed in each baffle plate extension which receives a respective tab of a corresponding flange, and wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and the frame includes at least one clip formed on each baffle plate extension. 48. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the front stop wall includes a mounting portion and an upright portion, wherein the mounting portion is one of integrally formed with the upright portion as a rigid one piece component or formed as a separate piece from the upright portion with a hinge formed between the upright portion and the mounting portion such that the upright portion is rotatable about the hinge relative to the mounting portion. 49. The retail merchandise tray of claim 42, wherein the support frame includes a lateral element and at least one longitudinal element extending from the lateral element. 50. A retail merchandise tray for storing products therein, comprising:
a frame configured to mount the merchandise tray to a support structure a front stop wall mounted to the frame; a pusher mounted to the frame, the pusher movable toward and away from the front stop wall along a first axis; at least one divider assembly movable relative to the frame along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis to adjust a width of the retail merchandise tray, wherein the at least one divider includes a divider wall and a pair of supports; wherein each divider wall includes an upright portion having opposed sides, wherein a flange extends from at least one of the opposed sides perpendicular to each upright portion; wherein the at least one divider assembly further comprises a baffle plate extension connected to each flange by a slidable connection, and wherein each baffle plate extension is mounted to the frame by a slidable connection such that each baffle plate extension is slidable relative to the frame and each divider wall respectively; wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and each flange comprise a tab depending downwardly from each flange and a slot formed in each baffle plate extension which receives a respective tab of a corresponding flange. 51. The retail merchandise tray of claim 50, wherein the at least one divider assembly includes a pair of divider assemblies movable along the second axis and arranged such that the frame is interposed between the pair of divider assemblies. 52. The retail merchandise tray of claim 50 wherein the slidable connection between each baffle plate extension and the frame includes a pair of clips formed on each baffle plate extension, the pair of clips slidably connected to the frame. 53. The retail merchandise tray of claim 52, further comprising a baffle plate connected to the frame, the baffle plate including a pair of second clips connected to the frame. | 3,700 |
344,090 | 16,803,571 | 3,736 | A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, whereby incident radiation is detected separately in several discrete spectral ranges, the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges is converted into further processable electrical signals, and the signals are evaluated together. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft is configured to perform such a method. | 1-21. (canceled) 22. A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, the method comprising:
separately recording the incident radiation in several discrete spectral ranges; converting the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges into further processable electrical signals; and evaluating the electrical signals together. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
detecting the incident radiation in at least one narrowband and/or in at least one broadband spectral range. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
tuning the at least one narrowband spectral range to a specific laser frequency. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one narrowband spectral range is tuned to a wavelength of at least one of 532 nm, 1055 nm, 1064 nm, 1070 nm, 1315 nm or 1550 nm. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
tuning the at least one broadband spectral range so that it covers the optical spectrum. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the at least one broadband spectral range is tuned to cover a wavelength range from approximately 400 nm to approximately 1700 nm. 28. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of:
centrally inputting the electrical signals; processing the electrical signals; preparing the electrical signals; or making the electrical signals available. 29. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of:
marking the measurement times using a synchronization signal; or making the measurement times available using a synchronization signal. 30. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
adapting a measuring rate for characterizing a pulsed laser radiation. 31. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
separately compensation-filtering the incident radiation in the spectral ranges. 32. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
imaging the incident radiation in the spectral ranges on a plurality of pixels of a pixel matrix detector. 33. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of:
detecting a pulsed laser radiation using an asynchronous laser pulse detection; or detecting continuous laser radiation in an imaging mode. 34. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
distinguishing space-specific stray light sources. 35. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
regulating a thermal household with the help of radiators. 36. The method of claim 22, wherein the incident radiation is separated in the spectral ranges using a beam splitter module so the incident radiation can be separately detected. 37. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
inputting the incident radiation in parallel so that the radiation can be recorded separately in the spectral ranges. 38. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, wherein the device is configured to performing a method according to claim 22. 39. The device of claim 38, comprising:
a single optical module with a beam splitter module configured to separate the incident radiation into the spectral ranges; at least one optical sensor for each spectral range; and a single evaluation device configured for the joint evaluation of the electrical signals. 40. The device of claim 39, wherein the beam splitter module comprises a first beam splitter and two second beam splitters. 41. The device claim 38, comprising:
a plurality of separate optical modules configured for the parallel supply of the incident radiation; at least one optical sensor for each spectral range; and a single evaluation device configured for the joint evaluation of the signals. 42. The device of claim 41, wherein the plurality of optical modules are constructed identically. | A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, whereby incident radiation is detected separately in several discrete spectral ranges, the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges is converted into further processable electrical signals, and the signals are evaluated together. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft is configured to perform such a method.1-21. (canceled) 22. A method for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, the method comprising:
separately recording the incident radiation in several discrete spectral ranges; converting the radiation recorded in the spectral ranges into further processable electrical signals; and evaluating the electrical signals together. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
detecting the incident radiation in at least one narrowband and/or in at least one broadband spectral range. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
tuning the at least one narrowband spectral range to a specific laser frequency. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one narrowband spectral range is tuned to a wavelength of at least one of 532 nm, 1055 nm, 1064 nm, 1070 nm, 1315 nm or 1550 nm. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
tuning the at least one broadband spectral range so that it covers the optical spectrum. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the at least one broadband spectral range is tuned to cover a wavelength range from approximately 400 nm to approximately 1700 nm. 28. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of:
centrally inputting the electrical signals; processing the electrical signals; preparing the electrical signals; or making the electrical signals available. 29. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of:
marking the measurement times using a synchronization signal; or making the measurement times available using a synchronization signal. 30. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
adapting a measuring rate for characterizing a pulsed laser radiation. 31. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
separately compensation-filtering the incident radiation in the spectral ranges. 32. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
imaging the incident radiation in the spectral ranges on a plurality of pixels of a pixel matrix detector. 33. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of:
detecting a pulsed laser radiation using an asynchronous laser pulse detection; or detecting continuous laser radiation in an imaging mode. 34. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
distinguishing space-specific stray light sources. 35. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
regulating a thermal household with the help of radiators. 36. The method of claim 22, wherein the incident radiation is separated in the spectral ranges using a beam splitter module so the incident radiation can be separately detected. 37. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
inputting the incident radiation in parallel so that the radiation can be recorded separately in the spectral ranges. 38. A device for detecting incident laser radiation on a spacecraft, wherein the device is configured to performing a method according to claim 22. 39. The device of claim 38, comprising:
a single optical module with a beam splitter module configured to separate the incident radiation into the spectral ranges; at least one optical sensor for each spectral range; and a single evaluation device configured for the joint evaluation of the electrical signals. 40. The device of claim 39, wherein the beam splitter module comprises a first beam splitter and two second beam splitters. 41. The device claim 38, comprising:
a plurality of separate optical modules configured for the parallel supply of the incident radiation; at least one optical sensor for each spectral range; and a single evaluation device configured for the joint evaluation of the signals. 42. The device of claim 41, wherein the plurality of optical modules are constructed identically. | 3,700 |
344,091 | 16,803,575 | 2,119 | An electric control box assembly includes an outer box body, an inner box body provided in the outer box body and including an insulating member, an electric control board provided in the inner box body, and a component provided in the outer box body and located outside the inner box body. The component is connected with the inner box body. | 1. An electric control box assembly comprising:
an outer box body; an inner box body provided in the outer box body and including an insulating member; an electric control board provided in the inner box body; and a component provided in the outer box body and located outside the inner box body, the component being connected with the inner box body. 2. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a mounting bracket provided at an outer side wall of the inner box body; wherein the component is connected to the mounting bracket. 3. The electric control box assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting bracket is connected with the outer box body. 4. The electric control box assembly according to claim 3, further comprising:
a fastener connecting the mounting bracket with the outer box body; wherein:
the inner box body includes a positioning lug; and
the outer box body includes a pre-positioning hole fitted with the positioning lug. 5. The electric control box assembly according to claim 2, wherein the inner box body is integrally formed with the mounting bracket. 6. The electric control box assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting bracket includes two mounting sub-brackets disposed opposite to and spaced apart from each other, the component being accommodated in an accommodation space formed by the two mounting sub-brackets and the inner box body. 7. The electric control box assembly according to claim 6, further comprising:
a fastener; wherein:
one of the mounting sub-brackets includes a mounting plate and a mounting column provided on the mounting plate;
the component includes a connection lug; and
the fastener is configured to pass through the connection lug and the mounting column to connect the component to the mounting bracket. 8. The electric control box assembly according to claim 7,
wherein:
the electric control board includes a fixation hole;
the inner box body includes a fixation column; and
the fastener is a first fastener;
the electric control box assembly further comprising:
a second fastener configured to pass through the fixation hole and the fixation column to fix the electric control board in the inner box body, a central axis of the second fastener being perpendicular to a central axis of the first fastener. 9. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fastener; wherein:
the electric control board includes a fixation hole and a plurality of positioning holes;
the inner box body includes a fixation column and a plurality of positioning columns;
the third fastener is configured to pass through the fixation hole and the fixation column to fix the electric control board in the inner box body; and
a number of the positioning columns is same as a number of the positioning holes, the positioning columns being in one-to-one-correspondence with the positioning holes. 10. The electric control box assembly according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of positioning columns include three positioning columns arranged in a triangle, and the plurality of positioning holes include three positioning holes arranged in a triangle. 11. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the outer box body includes a first accommodation cavity accommodating the inner box body and a second accommodation cavity accommodating the component, an area of a first cross section of the first accommodation cavity being smaller than an area of a second cross section of the second accommodation cavity, and the first cross section and the second cross section being perpendicular to a direction along which the inner box body and the component are arranged. 12. The electric control box assembly according to claim 11, wherein the outer box body includes an open end and a back plate opposite to the open end, the back plate being step shaped. 13. The electric control box assembly according to claim 12, further comprising:
a mounting bracket provided at an outer side wall of the inner box body; wherein:
the component is connected to the mounting bracket; and
the inner box body and the mounting bracket form a stepped structure. 14. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the outer box body includes a mounting lug configured to mount the outer box body to an appliance. 15. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the outer box body includes two wiring holes spaced apart from each other, one of the two wiring holes being configured to allow a high-voltage wire harness to pass through, and another one of the two wiring holes being configured to allow a low-voltage wire harness to pass through. 16. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the component includes a transformer. 17. An air conditioner comprising
a chassis; a fixation bracket provided on the chassis and including a baffle; and an electric control box assembly provided in the fixation bracket and including:
an outer box body, an open end of the outer box body being opposite to and in contact with the baffle;
an inner box body provided in the outer box body and including an insulating member;
an electric control board provided in the inner box body; and
a component provided in the outer box body and located outside the inner box body, the component being connected with the inner box body;
wherein:
an open end of the outer box body is opposite to and in contact with the baffle;
the baffle includes a service opening formed in a portion of the baffle that is opposite to the open end of the outer box body; and
a cover configured to open and close the service opening is provided at the service opening. 18. The air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein:
the cover includes a positioning lug formed at a lower end of the cover; the baffle includes a pre-positioning hole fitted with the positioning lug; and an upper end of the cover is connected with the baffle by a fastener. 19. The air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein:
the fixation bracket includes:
a front enclosure plate; and
a front cover plate covering a top of the front enclosure plate;
an accommodation space is formed between the front cover plate and the front enclosure plate and accommodates an air duct member; an air duct is formed in the air duct member and is in communication with an air inlet and an air outlet of the air conditioner; and the baffle includes a part of a side wall of the front cover plate. 20. The air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein an electric control system of the air conditioner includes:
a first electric control device provided at a side of an air duct member of the air conditioner in a horizontal direction, an air duct being formed in the air duct member and in communication with an air inlet and an air outlet of the air conditioner; and a second electric control device including the electric control box assembly and provided below the air duct member. | An electric control box assembly includes an outer box body, an inner box body provided in the outer box body and including an insulating member, an electric control board provided in the inner box body, and a component provided in the outer box body and located outside the inner box body. The component is connected with the inner box body.1. An electric control box assembly comprising:
an outer box body; an inner box body provided in the outer box body and including an insulating member; an electric control board provided in the inner box body; and a component provided in the outer box body and located outside the inner box body, the component being connected with the inner box body. 2. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a mounting bracket provided at an outer side wall of the inner box body; wherein the component is connected to the mounting bracket. 3. The electric control box assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting bracket is connected with the outer box body. 4. The electric control box assembly according to claim 3, further comprising:
a fastener connecting the mounting bracket with the outer box body; wherein:
the inner box body includes a positioning lug; and
the outer box body includes a pre-positioning hole fitted with the positioning lug. 5. The electric control box assembly according to claim 2, wherein the inner box body is integrally formed with the mounting bracket. 6. The electric control box assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting bracket includes two mounting sub-brackets disposed opposite to and spaced apart from each other, the component being accommodated in an accommodation space formed by the two mounting sub-brackets and the inner box body. 7. The electric control box assembly according to claim 6, further comprising:
a fastener; wherein:
one of the mounting sub-brackets includes a mounting plate and a mounting column provided on the mounting plate;
the component includes a connection lug; and
the fastener is configured to pass through the connection lug and the mounting column to connect the component to the mounting bracket. 8. The electric control box assembly according to claim 7,
wherein:
the electric control board includes a fixation hole;
the inner box body includes a fixation column; and
the fastener is a first fastener;
the electric control box assembly further comprising:
a second fastener configured to pass through the fixation hole and the fixation column to fix the electric control board in the inner box body, a central axis of the second fastener being perpendicular to a central axis of the first fastener. 9. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fastener; wherein:
the electric control board includes a fixation hole and a plurality of positioning holes;
the inner box body includes a fixation column and a plurality of positioning columns;
the third fastener is configured to pass through the fixation hole and the fixation column to fix the electric control board in the inner box body; and
a number of the positioning columns is same as a number of the positioning holes, the positioning columns being in one-to-one-correspondence with the positioning holes. 10. The electric control box assembly according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of positioning columns include three positioning columns arranged in a triangle, and the plurality of positioning holes include three positioning holes arranged in a triangle. 11. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the outer box body includes a first accommodation cavity accommodating the inner box body and a second accommodation cavity accommodating the component, an area of a first cross section of the first accommodation cavity being smaller than an area of a second cross section of the second accommodation cavity, and the first cross section and the second cross section being perpendicular to a direction along which the inner box body and the component are arranged. 12. The electric control box assembly according to claim 11, wherein the outer box body includes an open end and a back plate opposite to the open end, the back plate being step shaped. 13. The electric control box assembly according to claim 12, further comprising:
a mounting bracket provided at an outer side wall of the inner box body; wherein:
the component is connected to the mounting bracket; and
the inner box body and the mounting bracket form a stepped structure. 14. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the outer box body includes a mounting lug configured to mount the outer box body to an appliance. 15. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the outer box body includes two wiring holes spaced apart from each other, one of the two wiring holes being configured to allow a high-voltage wire harness to pass through, and another one of the two wiring holes being configured to allow a low-voltage wire harness to pass through. 16. The electric control box assembly according to claim 1, wherein the component includes a transformer. 17. An air conditioner comprising
a chassis; a fixation bracket provided on the chassis and including a baffle; and an electric control box assembly provided in the fixation bracket and including:
an outer box body, an open end of the outer box body being opposite to and in contact with the baffle;
an inner box body provided in the outer box body and including an insulating member;
an electric control board provided in the inner box body; and
a component provided in the outer box body and located outside the inner box body, the component being connected with the inner box body;
wherein:
an open end of the outer box body is opposite to and in contact with the baffle;
the baffle includes a service opening formed in a portion of the baffle that is opposite to the open end of the outer box body; and
a cover configured to open and close the service opening is provided at the service opening. 18. The air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein:
the cover includes a positioning lug formed at a lower end of the cover; the baffle includes a pre-positioning hole fitted with the positioning lug; and an upper end of the cover is connected with the baffle by a fastener. 19. The air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein:
the fixation bracket includes:
a front enclosure plate; and
a front cover plate covering a top of the front enclosure plate;
an accommodation space is formed between the front cover plate and the front enclosure plate and accommodates an air duct member; an air duct is formed in the air duct member and is in communication with an air inlet and an air outlet of the air conditioner; and the baffle includes a part of a side wall of the front cover plate. 20. The air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein an electric control system of the air conditioner includes:
a first electric control device provided at a side of an air duct member of the air conditioner in a horizontal direction, an air duct being formed in the air duct member and in communication with an air inlet and an air outlet of the air conditioner; and a second electric control device including the electric control box assembly and provided below the air duct member. | 2,100 |
344,092 | 16,803,549 | 2,119 | A lever assembly for a steering column includes a rotatable lock lever. The lever assembly also includes a bolt operatively coupled to the rotatable lock lever and rotated therewith. The lever assembly further includes a clamp load assembly operatively coupled to the bolt. The clamp load assembly includes an assist cam having a cam profile defined by at least one ramp. The clamp load assembly also includes an assist follower having a follower profile in contact with the cam profile. The clamp load assembly further includes an assist spring disposed between the assist follower and a column structure, the assist spring biasing the assist follower into contact with the assist cam. | 1. A lever assembly for a steering column comprising:
a rotatable lock lever; a bolt operatively coupled to the rotatable lock lever and rotated therewith; and a clamp load assembly operatively coupled to the bolt, the clamp load assembly comprising:
an assist cam having a cam profile defined by at least one ramp;
an assist follower having a follower profile in contact with the cam profile; and
an assist spring disposed between the assist follower and a column structure, the assist spring biasing the assist follower into contact with the assist cam. 2. The lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the assist spring is a linear spring. 3. The lever assembly of claim 2, wherein the assist spring is a coil spring. 4. The lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the column structure is a lower jacket. 5. The lever assembly of claim 4, wherein the lower jacket prevents rotation of the assist follower. 6. The lever assembly of claim 4, wherein the lower jacket prevents translation along an axis of the bolt of the assist cam. 7. The lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the assist cam includes a detent. 8. The lever assembly of claim 7, wherein the follower profile of the assist follower comprises at least one lobe. 9. The lever assembly of claim 8, wherein the at least one lobe is disposed within the detent of the assist cam in a fully unlocked position of the clamp load assembly. 10. A clamp load assembly for a steering column lock lever assembly comprising:
a cam having a cam profile; a follower having a follower profile in contact with the cam profile; and a linear assist spring in contact with the follower and biasing the follower into contact with the cam during movement between an unlocked condition and a locked condition of the clamp load assembly, wherein the cam, the follower and the linear assist spring are an axially stacked assembly. 11. The lever assembly of claim 10, wherein the linear assist spring is a linear spring. 12. The lever assembly of claim 11, wherein the linear assist spring is a coil spring. 13. The lever assembly of claim 10, further comprising a column structure that is in contact with the clamp load assembly. 14. The lever assembly of claim 13, wherein the column structure prevents rotation of the follower. 15. The lever assembly of claim 13, wherein the column structure prevents translation along an axis of a bolt of the cam. 16. The lever assembly of claim 10, wherein the cam includes a detent. 17. The lever assembly of claim 16, wherein the follower profile of the follower comprises at least one lobe. 18. The lever assembly of claim 17, wherein the at least one lobe is disposed within the detent of the cam in a fully unlocked position of the clamp load assembly. | A lever assembly for a steering column includes a rotatable lock lever. The lever assembly also includes a bolt operatively coupled to the rotatable lock lever and rotated therewith. The lever assembly further includes a clamp load assembly operatively coupled to the bolt. The clamp load assembly includes an assist cam having a cam profile defined by at least one ramp. The clamp load assembly also includes an assist follower having a follower profile in contact with the cam profile. The clamp load assembly further includes an assist spring disposed between the assist follower and a column structure, the assist spring biasing the assist follower into contact with the assist cam.1. A lever assembly for a steering column comprising:
a rotatable lock lever; a bolt operatively coupled to the rotatable lock lever and rotated therewith; and a clamp load assembly operatively coupled to the bolt, the clamp load assembly comprising:
an assist cam having a cam profile defined by at least one ramp;
an assist follower having a follower profile in contact with the cam profile; and
an assist spring disposed between the assist follower and a column structure, the assist spring biasing the assist follower into contact with the assist cam. 2. The lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the assist spring is a linear spring. 3. The lever assembly of claim 2, wherein the assist spring is a coil spring. 4. The lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the column structure is a lower jacket. 5. The lever assembly of claim 4, wherein the lower jacket prevents rotation of the assist follower. 6. The lever assembly of claim 4, wherein the lower jacket prevents translation along an axis of the bolt of the assist cam. 7. The lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the assist cam includes a detent. 8. The lever assembly of claim 7, wherein the follower profile of the assist follower comprises at least one lobe. 9. The lever assembly of claim 8, wherein the at least one lobe is disposed within the detent of the assist cam in a fully unlocked position of the clamp load assembly. 10. A clamp load assembly for a steering column lock lever assembly comprising:
a cam having a cam profile; a follower having a follower profile in contact with the cam profile; and a linear assist spring in contact with the follower and biasing the follower into contact with the cam during movement between an unlocked condition and a locked condition of the clamp load assembly, wherein the cam, the follower and the linear assist spring are an axially stacked assembly. 11. The lever assembly of claim 10, wherein the linear assist spring is a linear spring. 12. The lever assembly of claim 11, wherein the linear assist spring is a coil spring. 13. The lever assembly of claim 10, further comprising a column structure that is in contact with the clamp load assembly. 14. The lever assembly of claim 13, wherein the column structure prevents rotation of the follower. 15. The lever assembly of claim 13, wherein the column structure prevents translation along an axis of a bolt of the cam. 16. The lever assembly of claim 10, wherein the cam includes a detent. 17. The lever assembly of claim 16, wherein the follower profile of the follower comprises at least one lobe. 18. The lever assembly of claim 17, wherein the at least one lobe is disposed within the detent of the cam in a fully unlocked position of the clamp load assembly. | 2,100 |
344,093 | 16,803,548 | 2,119 | An electrical energy processing unit of an apparatus to kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth is disclosed. The electrical energy processing unit includes a converter and a control circuit. Also disclosed are an apparatus that includes the electrical energy processing unit and a method of utilizing the apparatus. Further disclosed are a computer program for a processor of the control circuit of the electrical energy processing unit and a non-transitory computer readable medium that includes the computer program. | 1. An apparatus to electrically kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth, the apparatus comprising:
an electrical energy processing unit comprising a converter configured to receive unprocessed electrical energy from an electrical energy source, to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to processed electrical energy and to transmit said processed electrical energy between an applicator electrode of an applicator unit and an earth electrode of an earth unit, at least one applicator unit to apply the processed electrical energy to a plant, the applicator unit comprising an applicator electrode, the applicator electrode comprising an electrically conductive material, which is connected to the converter of the electrical energy processing unit to receive therefrom the processed electrical energy; and an earth unit comprising an earth electrode of electrically conductive material, which is connected to the converter to receive the processed electrical energy transmitted from the applicator unit through a load comprising a plant; and wherein the applicator electrode is configured for direct transmission of the processed electrical energy to a plant, wherein the processed electrical energy comprises a waveform with a frequency of at least 18 kHz and with a peak voltage of at least 1 kV and with an electrical current of at least 10 mA rms. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit is configured to produce processed electrical energy that comprises a power of at least 5 W. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit is configured to produce processed electrical energy that is operable to kill a plant or at least partially attenuating plant growth with a treatment time of at least 10 milliseconds. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit further comprises a control circuit operable to control the converter to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy, wherein the control circuit is configured to control an aspect of the processed electrical energy comprising one or a combination of the: voltage; current; power, the said aspect controlled to be:
maintained substantially at a predetermined value; or below or above a predetermined value; or within a particular range, which is determined by a first predetermined value and second different predetermined value. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the said aspect of the processed electrical energy by controlling an amplitude and/or duty cycle or period of the processed electrical energy. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit comprises a control circuit operable to control the converter to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy, wherein the converter comprises at least one sensor, the control circuit being operatively connected to the sensor to receive therefrom a converter feedback signal, the converter feedback signal comprising information to monitor an aspect of the processed electric energy, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide closed-loop control of the said aspect of the processed electrical energy using the said converter feedback signal. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the earth electrode comprises a substantially flat surface configured to receive the processed electrical energy when resting on a surface of the ground. 8. A method of using the apparatus of claim 1 to electrically kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth comprising:
supplying directly to a plant processed electrical energy, wherein the processed electrical energy comprises a waveform with a frequency of at least 18 kHz and with a peak voltage of at least 1 kV and with an electrical current of at least 10 mA rms. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising using the apparatus according to claim 7 to electrically kill or at least attenuate growth of a first plant located at a first location and a second plant located at a second location by: moving the earth electrode of the earth unit along the ground whilst maintaining electrical continuity between the earth unit and the ground. 10. Use of the apparatus of claim 1 for killing or at least attenuating plant growth. 11. A computer program for a processor of a control circuit of an electrical energy processing unit, the computer program comprising program code to implement the method of claim 8. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising the computer program of claim 11. | An electrical energy processing unit of an apparatus to kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth is disclosed. The electrical energy processing unit includes a converter and a control circuit. Also disclosed are an apparatus that includes the electrical energy processing unit and a method of utilizing the apparatus. Further disclosed are a computer program for a processor of the control circuit of the electrical energy processing unit and a non-transitory computer readable medium that includes the computer program.1. An apparatus to electrically kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth, the apparatus comprising:
an electrical energy processing unit comprising a converter configured to receive unprocessed electrical energy from an electrical energy source, to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to processed electrical energy and to transmit said processed electrical energy between an applicator electrode of an applicator unit and an earth electrode of an earth unit, at least one applicator unit to apply the processed electrical energy to a plant, the applicator unit comprising an applicator electrode, the applicator electrode comprising an electrically conductive material, which is connected to the converter of the electrical energy processing unit to receive therefrom the processed electrical energy; and an earth unit comprising an earth electrode of electrically conductive material, which is connected to the converter to receive the processed electrical energy transmitted from the applicator unit through a load comprising a plant; and wherein the applicator electrode is configured for direct transmission of the processed electrical energy to a plant, wherein the processed electrical energy comprises a waveform with a frequency of at least 18 kHz and with a peak voltage of at least 1 kV and with an electrical current of at least 10 mA rms. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit is configured to produce processed electrical energy that comprises a power of at least 5 W. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit is configured to produce processed electrical energy that is operable to kill a plant or at least partially attenuating plant growth with a treatment time of at least 10 milliseconds. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit further comprises a control circuit operable to control the converter to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy, wherein the control circuit is configured to control an aspect of the processed electrical energy comprising one or a combination of the: voltage; current; power, the said aspect controlled to be:
maintained substantially at a predetermined value; or below or above a predetermined value; or within a particular range, which is determined by a first predetermined value and second different predetermined value. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the said aspect of the processed electrical energy by controlling an amplitude and/or duty cycle or period of the processed electrical energy. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy processing unit comprises a control circuit operable to control the converter to convert the unprocessed electrical energy to the processed electrical energy, wherein the converter comprises at least one sensor, the control circuit being operatively connected to the sensor to receive therefrom a converter feedback signal, the converter feedback signal comprising information to monitor an aspect of the processed electric energy, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide closed-loop control of the said aspect of the processed electrical energy using the said converter feedback signal. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the earth electrode comprises a substantially flat surface configured to receive the processed electrical energy when resting on a surface of the ground. 8. A method of using the apparatus of claim 1 to electrically kill a plant or at least attenuate plant growth comprising:
supplying directly to a plant processed electrical energy, wherein the processed electrical energy comprises a waveform with a frequency of at least 18 kHz and with a peak voltage of at least 1 kV and with an electrical current of at least 10 mA rms. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising using the apparatus according to claim 7 to electrically kill or at least attenuate growth of a first plant located at a first location and a second plant located at a second location by: moving the earth electrode of the earth unit along the ground whilst maintaining electrical continuity between the earth unit and the ground. 10. Use of the apparatus of claim 1 for killing or at least attenuating plant growth. 11. A computer program for a processor of a control circuit of an electrical energy processing unit, the computer program comprising program code to implement the method of claim 8. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising the computer program of claim 11. | 2,100 |
344,094 | 16,803,544 | 2,119 | This invention relates to coated roofing granules, roofing materials made therefrom, and methods of preparing such coated roofing granules. By coating roofing granules with an aqueous coating that includes water, a silicon-containing oligomer or polymer, and an acrylic resin, coated roofing granules can be prepared that exhibit reduced staining as compared to traditional roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of coating roofing granules comprising:
(a) obtaining roofing granules; (b) heating the roofing granules to an elevated temperature of 150° F. to 520° F. to obtain heated roofing granules; (c) applying a coating to the heated roofing granules to form coated roofing granules, the coating comprising:
(i) water,
(ii) at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and
(iii) an acrylic resin having a glass transition temperature of −18° C. to 60° C.; and
(d) after the applying a coating to the heated roofing granules of step (c), applying a petroleum oil to the coated roofing granules. 22. A method of coating roofing granules comprising:
(a) obtaining roofing granules; (b) heating the roofing granules to an elevated temperature of 150° F. to 520° F. to obtain heated roofing granules; and (c) applying a coating to the heated roofing granules to form coated roofing granules, the coating comprising:
(i) water,
(ii) at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and
(iii) an acrylic resin having a glass transition temperature of −18° C. to 60° C.,
wherein the roofing granules are not treated with petroleum oil, and wherein, when the coated roofing granules are applied to an asphalt shingle, the coated roofing granules exhibit reduced staining as compared to roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is at least one of polyoctyltrimethoxysilane, potassium methyl siliconate, polymethylhydrogensiloxane, methyl siloxane, aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane, aminoalkyl polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylsiloxane, potassium propylsilanetriolate, and combinations thereof. 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the acrylic resin comprises an emulsion or dispersion of polyacrylates, acrylic-styrene polymers, vinyl-acrylic polymers, or combinations thereof. 25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 26. The method according to claim 21, wherein the acrylic resin is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 27. The method according to claim 21, wherein the water is present in an amount of 5 to 100 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 28. The method according to claim 21, further comprising preparing the coating by mixing (i) the water, (ii) the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and (iii) the acrylic resin, to form the coating. 29. The method according to claim 22, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is at least one of polyoctyltrimethoxysilane, potassium methyl siliconate, polymethylhydrogensiloxane, methyl siloxane, aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane, aminoalkyl polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylsiloxane, potassium propylsilanetriolate, and combinations thereof. 30. The method according to claim 22, wherein the acrylic resin comprises an emulsion or dispersion of polyacrylates, acrylic-styrene polymers, vinyl-acrylic polymers, or combinations thereof. 31. The method according to claim 22, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 32. The method according to claim 22, wherein the acrylic resin is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 33. The method according to claim 22, wherein the water is present in an amount of 5 to 100 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 34. The method according to claim 22, further comprising preparing the coating by mixing (i) the water, (ii) the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and (iii) the acrylic resin, to form the coating. | This invention relates to coated roofing granules, roofing materials made therefrom, and methods of preparing such coated roofing granules. By coating roofing granules with an aqueous coating that includes water, a silicon-containing oligomer or polymer, and an acrylic resin, coated roofing granules can be prepared that exhibit reduced staining as compared to traditional roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of coating roofing granules comprising:
(a) obtaining roofing granules; (b) heating the roofing granules to an elevated temperature of 150° F. to 520° F. to obtain heated roofing granules; (c) applying a coating to the heated roofing granules to form coated roofing granules, the coating comprising:
(i) water,
(ii) at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and
(iii) an acrylic resin having a glass transition temperature of −18° C. to 60° C.; and
(d) after the applying a coating to the heated roofing granules of step (c), applying a petroleum oil to the coated roofing granules. 22. A method of coating roofing granules comprising:
(a) obtaining roofing granules; (b) heating the roofing granules to an elevated temperature of 150° F. to 520° F. to obtain heated roofing granules; and (c) applying a coating to the heated roofing granules to form coated roofing granules, the coating comprising:
(i) water,
(ii) at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and
(iii) an acrylic resin having a glass transition temperature of −18° C. to 60° C.,
wherein the roofing granules are not treated with petroleum oil, and wherein, when the coated roofing granules are applied to an asphalt shingle, the coated roofing granules exhibit reduced staining as compared to roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is at least one of polyoctyltrimethoxysilane, potassium methyl siliconate, polymethylhydrogensiloxane, methyl siloxane, aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane, aminoalkyl polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylsiloxane, potassium propylsilanetriolate, and combinations thereof. 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the acrylic resin comprises an emulsion or dispersion of polyacrylates, acrylic-styrene polymers, vinyl-acrylic polymers, or combinations thereof. 25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 26. The method according to claim 21, wherein the acrylic resin is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 27. The method according to claim 21, wherein the water is present in an amount of 5 to 100 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 28. The method according to claim 21, further comprising preparing the coating by mixing (i) the water, (ii) the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and (iii) the acrylic resin, to form the coating. 29. The method according to claim 22, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is at least one of polyoctyltrimethoxysilane, potassium methyl siliconate, polymethylhydrogensiloxane, methyl siloxane, aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane, aminoalkyl polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylsiloxane, potassium propylsilanetriolate, and combinations thereof. 30. The method according to claim 22, wherein the acrylic resin comprises an emulsion or dispersion of polyacrylates, acrylic-styrene polymers, vinyl-acrylic polymers, or combinations thereof. 31. The method according to claim 22, wherein the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 32. The method according to claim 22, wherein the acrylic resin is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 33. The method according to claim 22, wherein the water is present in an amount of 5 to 100 pounds per ton of the roofing granules. 34. The method according to claim 22, further comprising preparing the coating by mixing (i) the water, (ii) the at least one silicon-containing oligomer or silicon-containing polymer, and (iii) the acrylic resin, to form the coating. | 2,100 |
344,095 | 16,803,558 | 2,119 | Example implementations described herein are directed to searching ML models to facilitate IO load prediction. Even if there is no existing ML model applicable to the underlying container, example implementations described herein obtain the ML model for the nearest container. Through such example implementations, the underlying systems can reduce the total ML models maintained for the prediction of IO load and can enhance ML models with enough learning data for each ML model. | 1. A method, comprising:
determining, from a repository comprising a plurality of machine learning (ML) models, each of the plurality of ML models configured to conduct performance prediction, a ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for a container implemented on a server, the determining the ML model comprising searching the repository based on a version tree of the container; and executing the ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for the container implemented in the server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance prediction comprises prediction of spike IO, wherein the ML models are configured to conduct performance prediction through predicting spike IO. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the searching the repository based on the version tree of the container comprises:
for the searching being indicative of there being no ML model corresponding to a version of the container in the repository, searching the repository for ones of the plurality of ML models having a different version of the container based on traversing the version tree of the container, and selecting one or more of the plurality of ML models based on a distance from the version of the container implemented in the server determined from the traversing of the version tree of the container. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models comprises estimating an IO prediction accuracy based on the distance from the version of the container, and selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models having an accuracy above a threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for a prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below a threshold, changing the executed ML model through conducting another search of the repository; and for the container accumulating a log for a preset period of time and for the prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below the threshold, generating an ML model configured for performance prediction corresponding to the version of the container. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, for the executed ML model predicting an IO load meeting a threshold, suppressing application events on the server. 7. A non-transitory computer readable medium, storing instructions for executing a process, the instructions comprising:
determining, from a repository comprising a plurality of machine learning (ML) models, each of the plurality of ML models configured to conduct performance prediction, a ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for a container implemented on a server, the determining the ML model comprising searching the repository based on a version tree of the container; and executing the ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for the container implemented in the server. 8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the performance prediction comprises prediction of spike IO, wherein the ML models are configured to conduct performance prediction through predicting spike IO. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the searching the repository based on the version tree of the container comprises:
for the searching being indicative of there being no ML model corresponding to a version of the container in the repository, searching the repository for ones of the plurality of ML models having a different version of the container based on traversing the version tree of the container, and selecting one or more of the plurality of ML models based on a distance from the version of the container implemented in the server determined from the traversing of the version tree of the container. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models comprises estimating an IO prediction accuracy based on the distance from the version of the container, and selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models having an accuracy above a threshold. 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, the instructions further comprising:
for a prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below a threshold, changing the executed ML model through conducting another search of the repository; and for the container accumulating a log for a preset period of time and for the prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below the threshold, generating an ML model configured for performance prediction corresponding to the version of the container. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, the instructions further comprising, for the executed ML model predicting an IO load meeting a threshold, suppressing application events on the server. 13. A server, comprising:
a processor, configured to:
determine, from a repository comprising a plurality of machine learning (ML) models, each of the plurality of ML models configured to conduct performance prediction, a ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for a container implemented on the server, by searching the repository based on a version tree of the container; and
execute the ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for the container implemented in the server. 14. The server of claim 13, wherein the performance prediction involves prediction of spike IO, wherein the ML models are configured to conduct performance prediction through predicting spike IO. 15. The server of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to search the repository based on the version tree of the container by:
for the searching being indicative of there being no ML model corresponding to a version of the container in the repository, searching the repository for ones of the plurality of ML models having a different version of the container based on traversing the version tree of the container, and selecting one or more of the plurality of ML models based on a distance from the version of the container implemented in the server determined from the traversing of the version tree of the container. 16. The server of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to select the one or more of the plurality of ML models by estimating an IO prediction accuracy based on the distance from the version of the container, and selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models having an accuracy above a threshold. 17. The server of claim 13, the processor further configured to:
for a prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below a threshold, change the executed ML model through conducting another search of the repository; and for the container accumulating a log for a preset period of time and for the prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below the threshold, generate an ML model configured for performance prediction corresponding to the version of the container. 18. The server of claim 13, the processor configured to, for the executed ML model predicting an IO load meeting a threshold, suppress application events on the server. | Example implementations described herein are directed to searching ML models to facilitate IO load prediction. Even if there is no existing ML model applicable to the underlying container, example implementations described herein obtain the ML model for the nearest container. Through such example implementations, the underlying systems can reduce the total ML models maintained for the prediction of IO load and can enhance ML models with enough learning data for each ML model.1. A method, comprising:
determining, from a repository comprising a plurality of machine learning (ML) models, each of the plurality of ML models configured to conduct performance prediction, a ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for a container implemented on a server, the determining the ML model comprising searching the repository based on a version tree of the container; and executing the ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for the container implemented in the server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance prediction comprises prediction of spike IO, wherein the ML models are configured to conduct performance prediction through predicting spike IO. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the searching the repository based on the version tree of the container comprises:
for the searching being indicative of there being no ML model corresponding to a version of the container in the repository, searching the repository for ones of the plurality of ML models having a different version of the container based on traversing the version tree of the container, and selecting one or more of the plurality of ML models based on a distance from the version of the container implemented in the server determined from the traversing of the version tree of the container. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models comprises estimating an IO prediction accuracy based on the distance from the version of the container, and selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models having an accuracy above a threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for a prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below a threshold, changing the executed ML model through conducting another search of the repository; and for the container accumulating a log for a preset period of time and for the prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below the threshold, generating an ML model configured for performance prediction corresponding to the version of the container. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, for the executed ML model predicting an IO load meeting a threshold, suppressing application events on the server. 7. A non-transitory computer readable medium, storing instructions for executing a process, the instructions comprising:
determining, from a repository comprising a plurality of machine learning (ML) models, each of the plurality of ML models configured to conduct performance prediction, a ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for a container implemented on a server, the determining the ML model comprising searching the repository based on a version tree of the container; and executing the ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for the container implemented in the server. 8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the performance prediction comprises prediction of spike IO, wherein the ML models are configured to conduct performance prediction through predicting spike IO. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the searching the repository based on the version tree of the container comprises:
for the searching being indicative of there being no ML model corresponding to a version of the container in the repository, searching the repository for ones of the plurality of ML models having a different version of the container based on traversing the version tree of the container, and selecting one or more of the plurality of ML models based on a distance from the version of the container implemented in the server determined from the traversing of the version tree of the container. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models comprises estimating an IO prediction accuracy based on the distance from the version of the container, and selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models having an accuracy above a threshold. 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, the instructions further comprising:
for a prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below a threshold, changing the executed ML model through conducting another search of the repository; and for the container accumulating a log for a preset period of time and for the prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below the threshold, generating an ML model configured for performance prediction corresponding to the version of the container. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, the instructions further comprising, for the executed ML model predicting an IO load meeting a threshold, suppressing application events on the server. 13. A server, comprising:
a processor, configured to:
determine, from a repository comprising a plurality of machine learning (ML) models, each of the plurality of ML models configured to conduct performance prediction, a ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for a container implemented on the server, by searching the repository based on a version tree of the container; and
execute the ML model from the plurality of ML models to conduct the performance prediction for the container implemented in the server. 14. The server of claim 13, wherein the performance prediction involves prediction of spike IO, wherein the ML models are configured to conduct performance prediction through predicting spike IO. 15. The server of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to search the repository based on the version tree of the container by:
for the searching being indicative of there being no ML model corresponding to a version of the container in the repository, searching the repository for ones of the plurality of ML models having a different version of the container based on traversing the version tree of the container, and selecting one or more of the plurality of ML models based on a distance from the version of the container implemented in the server determined from the traversing of the version tree of the container. 16. The server of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to select the one or more of the plurality of ML models by estimating an IO prediction accuracy based on the distance from the version of the container, and selecting the one or more of the plurality of ML models having an accuracy above a threshold. 17. The server of claim 13, the processor further configured to:
for a prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below a threshold, change the executed ML model through conducting another search of the repository; and for the container accumulating a log for a preset period of time and for the prediction accuracy of the executed ML model falling below the threshold, generate an ML model configured for performance prediction corresponding to the version of the container. 18. The server of claim 13, the processor configured to, for the executed ML model predicting an IO load meeting a threshold, suppress application events on the server. | 2,100 |
344,096 | 16,803,578 | 2,119 | Systems and methods for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map are provided. A system includes a device including at least one sensor configured to collect a set of location data points, and a computer-based model construction system coupled to the device and configured to generate a geometry surface model from the set of location data points, associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map, calculate a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point, and display the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. | 1. A system for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map, the system comprising:
a device comprising at least one sensor configured to:
collect a set of location data points; and
a computer-based model construction system coupled to the device and configured to:
generate a geometry surface model from the set of location data points;
associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map;
calculate a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point; and
display the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein to associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points, the computer-based model construction system is configured to associate an activation direction with each of the plurality of points. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein to calculate a confidence metric, the computer-based model construction system is configured to calculate a confidence metric between a lower bound and an upper bound. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the lower bound is 0 and the upper bound is 1. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein to display the EP map, the computer-based model construction system is configured to:
display a slider that enables a user to set a threshold between the upper bound and the lower bound; and display only EP parameters that have a calculated confidence metric greater than or equal to the threshold. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein to display the EP map, the computer-based model construction system is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the lower bound such that all of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually increase the threshold to the upper bound over a predetermined period of time. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein to display the EP map, the computer-based model construction system is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the upper bound such that none of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually decrease the threshold to the lower bound over a predetermined period of time. 8. A computer-implemented method for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map, the method comprising:
generating a geometry surface model from a set of location data points; associating an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map; calculating a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point; and displaying the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein associating an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points comprises associating an activation direction with each of the plurality of points. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein calculating a confidence metric comprises calculating a confidence metric between a lower bound and an upper bound. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the lower bound is 0 and the upper bound is 1. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein displaying the EP map comprises:
displaying a slider that enables a user to set a threshold between the upper bound and the lower bound; and displaying only EP parameters that have a calculated confidence metric greater than or equal to the threshold. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein displaying the EP map further comprises:
initially setting the threshold to the lower bound such that all of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually increasing the threshold to the upper bound over a predetermined period of time. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein displaying the EP map further comprises:
initially setting the threshold to the upper bound such that none of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually decreasing the threshold to the lower bound over a predetermined period of time. 15. A processing apparatus for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map, the processing apparatus configured to:
generate a geometry surface model from a set of location data points; associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map; calculate a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point; and display the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. 16. The processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein to associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points, the processing apparatus is configured to associate an activation direction with each of the plurality of points. 17. The processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein to calculate a confidence metric, the processing apparatus is configured to calculate a confidence metric between a lower bound and an upper bound. 18. The processing apparatus of claim 17, wherein to display the EP map, the processing apparatus is configured to:
display a slider that enables a user to set a threshold between the upper bound and the lower bound; and display only EP parameters that have a calculated confidence metric greater than or equal to the threshold. 19. The processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein to display the EP map, the processing apparatus is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the lower bound such that all of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually increase the threshold to the upper bound over a predetermined period of time. 20. The processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein to display the EP map, the processing apparatus is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the upper bound such that none of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually decrease the threshold to the lower bound over a predetermined period of time. | Systems and methods for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map are provided. A system includes a device including at least one sensor configured to collect a set of location data points, and a computer-based model construction system coupled to the device and configured to generate a geometry surface model from the set of location data points, associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map, calculate a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point, and display the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics.1. A system for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map, the system comprising:
a device comprising at least one sensor configured to:
collect a set of location data points; and
a computer-based model construction system coupled to the device and configured to:
generate a geometry surface model from the set of location data points;
associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map;
calculate a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point; and
display the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein to associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points, the computer-based model construction system is configured to associate an activation direction with each of the plurality of points. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein to calculate a confidence metric, the computer-based model construction system is configured to calculate a confidence metric between a lower bound and an upper bound. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the lower bound is 0 and the upper bound is 1. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein to display the EP map, the computer-based model construction system is configured to:
display a slider that enables a user to set a threshold between the upper bound and the lower bound; and display only EP parameters that have a calculated confidence metric greater than or equal to the threshold. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein to display the EP map, the computer-based model construction system is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the lower bound such that all of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually increase the threshold to the upper bound over a predetermined period of time. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein to display the EP map, the computer-based model construction system is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the upper bound such that none of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually decrease the threshold to the lower bound over a predetermined period of time. 8. A computer-implemented method for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map, the method comprising:
generating a geometry surface model from a set of location data points; associating an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map; calculating a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point; and displaying the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein associating an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points comprises associating an activation direction with each of the plurality of points. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein calculating a confidence metric comprises calculating a confidence metric between a lower bound and an upper bound. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the lower bound is 0 and the upper bound is 1. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein displaying the EP map comprises:
displaying a slider that enables a user to set a threshold between the upper bound and the lower bound; and displaying only EP parameters that have a calculated confidence metric greater than or equal to the threshold. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein displaying the EP map further comprises:
initially setting the threshold to the lower bound such that all of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually increasing the threshold to the upper bound over a predetermined period of time. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein displaying the EP map further comprises:
initially setting the threshold to the upper bound such that none of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually decreasing the threshold to the lower bound over a predetermined period of time. 15. A processing apparatus for generating and displaying an electrophysiology (EP) map, the processing apparatus configured to:
generate a geometry surface model from a set of location data points; associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points on the geometry surface model to generate an EP map; calculate a confidence metric for the EP parameter associated with each point; and display the EP map based on the calculated confidence metrics. 16. The processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein to associate an EP parameter with each of a plurality of points, the processing apparatus is configured to associate an activation direction with each of the plurality of points. 17. The processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein to calculate a confidence metric, the processing apparatus is configured to calculate a confidence metric between a lower bound and an upper bound. 18. The processing apparatus of claim 17, wherein to display the EP map, the processing apparatus is configured to:
display a slider that enables a user to set a threshold between the upper bound and the lower bound; and display only EP parameters that have a calculated confidence metric greater than or equal to the threshold. 19. The processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein to display the EP map, the processing apparatus is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the lower bound such that all of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually increase the threshold to the upper bound over a predetermined period of time. 20. The processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein to display the EP map, the processing apparatus is configured to:
initially set the threshold to the upper bound such that none of the EP parameters are displayed; and gradually decrease the threshold to the lower bound over a predetermined period of time. | 2,100 |
344,097 | 16,803,586 | 2,119 | A lawn mower includes a cutter blade that cuts grass; a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage that discharge grass clippings cut by the cutter blade from the housing; a grass clippings container detachably attached to the body portion, and a slide device. The grass clippings discharge passage includes an upstream opening connected to the housing, and a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion. The grass clippings container includes an opening opened toward the body portion and connected to the body portion, an end surface facing the opening, and a side surface extending from the opening to the end surface. The slide device adjusts a distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clipping container. | 1. A lawn mower comprising:
a power source; a rotation shaft configured to be rotated by power of the power source; a cutter blade configured to be rotated by the rotation shaft so as to cut grass; a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage configured to discharge grass clippings cut by the cutter blade from the housing; a grass clippings container detachably attached to the body portion and configured to contain grass clippings; and a slide device, wherein the grass clippings discharge passage includes:
an upstream opening connected to the housing; and
a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion,
wherein the grass clippings container
is provided to cover the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage,
includes an opening opened toward the body portion and connected to the body portion, an end surface facing the opening, and a side surface extending from the opening to the end surface, and
is configured to contain grass clippings ejected from the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage, and
wherein the slide device is configured to adjust a distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clipping container. 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the slide device includes an expandable portion provided on the side surface of the grass clippings container and configured to expand and contract the grass clippings container, and wherein the expandable portion is configured to expand and contract to adjust the distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clippings container. 3. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the slide device includes an expandable extension portion provided in the grass clippings discharge passage such that the downstream opening expands toward the end surface of the grass clippings container, and wherein the extension portion in the grass clippings discharge passage is configured to expand and contract to adjust the distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clippings container. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the slide device is configured to be driven by operation of an operator. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a wheel, wherein the slide device is configured to be driven while interlocking with rotation of the wheel. 6. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electric motor, wherein the slide device is configured to be driven by the electric motor. | A lawn mower includes a cutter blade that cuts grass; a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage that discharge grass clippings cut by the cutter blade from the housing; a grass clippings container detachably attached to the body portion, and a slide device. The grass clippings discharge passage includes an upstream opening connected to the housing, and a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion. The grass clippings container includes an opening opened toward the body portion and connected to the body portion, an end surface facing the opening, and a side surface extending from the opening to the end surface. The slide device adjusts a distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clipping container.1. A lawn mower comprising:
a power source; a rotation shaft configured to be rotated by power of the power source; a cutter blade configured to be rotated by the rotation shaft so as to cut grass; a body portion including a housing containing the cutter blade, and a grass clippings discharge passage configured to discharge grass clippings cut by the cutter blade from the housing; a grass clippings container detachably attached to the body portion and configured to contain grass clippings; and a slide device, wherein the grass clippings discharge passage includes:
an upstream opening connected to the housing; and
a downstream opening for ejecting grass clippings to outside of the body portion,
wherein the grass clippings container
is provided to cover the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage,
includes an opening opened toward the body portion and connected to the body portion, an end surface facing the opening, and a side surface extending from the opening to the end surface, and
is configured to contain grass clippings ejected from the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage, and
wherein the slide device is configured to adjust a distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clipping container. 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the slide device includes an expandable portion provided on the side surface of the grass clippings container and configured to expand and contract the grass clippings container, and wherein the expandable portion is configured to expand and contract to adjust the distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clippings container. 3. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the slide device includes an expandable extension portion provided in the grass clippings discharge passage such that the downstream opening expands toward the end surface of the grass clippings container, and wherein the extension portion in the grass clippings discharge passage is configured to expand and contract to adjust the distance between the downstream opening of the grass clippings discharge passage and the end surface of the grass clippings container. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the slide device is configured to be driven by operation of an operator. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a wheel, wherein the slide device is configured to be driven while interlocking with rotation of the wheel. 6. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electric motor, wherein the slide device is configured to be driven by the electric motor. | 2,100 |
344,098 | 16,803,572 | 2,119 | A display device includes a display panel including pixels, a luminance controller that divides the display panel into blocks based on coordinate information, calculates a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the blocks when reference images are sequentially displayed on the blocks, calculates a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the blocks based on input image data, and calculates a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel, and a data driver that generates a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and supplies the data voltage to the pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a luminance controller configured to divide the display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information, to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks, to calculate a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on input image data, and to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel; and a data driver configured to generate a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and to supply the data voltage to the plurality of pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller includes:
a coordinate generator configured to generate the coordinate information for dividing the display panel into the plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data supplied to the data driver based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense the block current and the sensing current of each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate the block reference current based on the block current sensed by the current sensor; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and the input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate the target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate the scaling factor based on the target current and the sensing current. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to the data driver, and the display panel sequentially displays the reference image corresponding to the reference image data on the plurality of blocks. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 6. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off. 7. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the sensing current when the input image data is input. 8. The display device of claim 2, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller calculates the block reference current by sensing the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off and stores the block reference current in a memory. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 12. A luminance control device comprising:
a coordinate generator configured to generate coordinate information for dividing a display panel of a display device into a plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing in each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel. 13. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to a data driver. 14. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 15. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 16. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the current sensor generates the block current by sensing a current in each of the plurality of blocks when the display device is powered on or powered off and generates the sensing current by sensing the current in each of the plurality of blocks when the input image data is input. 17. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 18. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 19. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 20. A method of driving a display device comprising:
dividing a display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information; sequentially displaying reference images on each of the plurality of blocks; sensing a block current in each of the plurality of blocks; calculating a block reference current based on the block current; storing the block reference current; calculating a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; calculating a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; displaying an input image corresponding to the input image data on the display panel; sensing a sensing current in each of the plurality of blocks; and calculating a scaling factor for controlling a voltage level of a data voltage corresponding to the input image data based on the sensing current and the target current. | A display device includes a display panel including pixels, a luminance controller that divides the display panel into blocks based on coordinate information, calculates a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the blocks when reference images are sequentially displayed on the blocks, calculates a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the blocks based on input image data, and calculates a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel, and a data driver that generates a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and supplies the data voltage to the pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a luminance controller configured to divide the display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information, to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks, to calculate a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on input image data, and to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel; and a data driver configured to generate a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and to supply the data voltage to the plurality of pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller includes:
a coordinate generator configured to generate the coordinate information for dividing the display panel into the plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data supplied to the data driver based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense the block current and the sensing current of each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate the block reference current based on the block current sensed by the current sensor; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and the input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate the target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate the scaling factor based on the target current and the sensing current. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to the data driver, and the display panel sequentially displays the reference image corresponding to the reference image data on the plurality of blocks. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 6. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off. 7. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the sensing current when the input image data is input. 8. The display device of claim 2, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller calculates the block reference current by sensing the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off and stores the block reference current in a memory. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 12. A luminance control device comprising:
a coordinate generator configured to generate coordinate information for dividing a display panel of a display device into a plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing in each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel. 13. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to a data driver. 14. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 15. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 16. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the current sensor generates the block current by sensing a current in each of the plurality of blocks when the display device is powered on or powered off and generates the sensing current by sensing the current in each of the plurality of blocks when the input image data is input. 17. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 18. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 19. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 20. A method of driving a display device comprising:
dividing a display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information; sequentially displaying reference images on each of the plurality of blocks; sensing a block current in each of the plurality of blocks; calculating a block reference current based on the block current; storing the block reference current; calculating a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; calculating a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; displaying an input image corresponding to the input image data on the display panel; sensing a sensing current in each of the plurality of blocks; and calculating a scaling factor for controlling a voltage level of a data voltage corresponding to the input image data based on the sensing current and the target current. | 2,100 |
344,099 | 16,803,581 | 2,119 | A display device includes a display panel including pixels, a luminance controller that divides the display panel into blocks based on coordinate information, calculates a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the blocks when reference images are sequentially displayed on the blocks, calculates a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the blocks based on input image data, and calculates a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel, and a data driver that generates a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and supplies the data voltage to the pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a luminance controller configured to divide the display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information, to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks, to calculate a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on input image data, and to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel; and a data driver configured to generate a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and to supply the data voltage to the plurality of pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller includes:
a coordinate generator configured to generate the coordinate information for dividing the display panel into the plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data supplied to the data driver based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense the block current and the sensing current of each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate the block reference current based on the block current sensed by the current sensor; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and the input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate the target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate the scaling factor based on the target current and the sensing current. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to the data driver, and the display panel sequentially displays the reference image corresponding to the reference image data on the plurality of blocks. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 6. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off. 7. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the sensing current when the input image data is input. 8. The display device of claim 2, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller calculates the block reference current by sensing the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off and stores the block reference current in a memory. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 12. A luminance control device comprising:
a coordinate generator configured to generate coordinate information for dividing a display panel of a display device into a plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing in each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel. 13. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to a data driver. 14. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 15. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 16. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the current sensor generates the block current by sensing a current in each of the plurality of blocks when the display device is powered on or powered off and generates the sensing current by sensing the current in each of the plurality of blocks when the input image data is input. 17. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 18. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 19. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 20. A method of driving a display device comprising:
dividing a display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information; sequentially displaying reference images on each of the plurality of blocks; sensing a block current in each of the plurality of blocks; calculating a block reference current based on the block current; storing the block reference current; calculating a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; calculating a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; displaying an input image corresponding to the input image data on the display panel; sensing a sensing current in each of the plurality of blocks; and calculating a scaling factor for controlling a voltage level of a data voltage corresponding to the input image data based on the sensing current and the target current. | A display device includes a display panel including pixels, a luminance controller that divides the display panel into blocks based on coordinate information, calculates a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the blocks when reference images are sequentially displayed on the blocks, calculates a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the blocks based on input image data, and calculates a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel, and a data driver that generates a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and supplies the data voltage to the pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a luminance controller configured to divide the display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information, to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks, to calculate a target current based on the block reference current and a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on input image data, and to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel; and a data driver configured to generate a data voltage corresponding to the input image data and to supply the data voltage to the plurality of pixels by adjusting a voltage level of the data voltage based on the scaling factor. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller includes:
a coordinate generator configured to generate the coordinate information for dividing the display panel into the plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data supplied to the data driver based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense the block current and the sensing current of each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate the block reference current based on the block current sensed by the current sensor; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and the input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate the target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate the scaling factor based on the target current and the sensing current. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to the data driver, and the display panel sequentially displays the reference image corresponding to the reference image data on the plurality of blocks. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 6. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off. 7. The display device of claim 2, wherein the current sensor senses the sensing current when the input image data is input. 8. The display device of claim 2, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the luminance controller calculates the block reference current by sensing the block current when the display device is powered on or powered off and stores the block reference current in a memory. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 12. A luminance control device comprising:
a coordinate generator configured to generate coordinate information for dividing a display panel of a display device into a plurality of blocks; a block image data generator configured to generate reference image data based on the coordinate information; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing in each of the plurality of blocks; a block reference current calculator configured to calculate a block reference current based on a block current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when a reference image is sequentially displayed on the plurality of blocks; a memory configured to store the block reference current; a block load calculator configured to calculate a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; a target current calculator configured to calculate a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; and a scaling factor calculator configured to calculate a scaling factor based on the target current and a sensing current sensed in each of the plurality of blocks when an input image corresponding to the input image data is displayed on the display panel. 13. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block image data generator sequentially supplies the reference image data to a data driver. 14. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block reference current calculator outputs an average value of the block current sensed for a preset time period as the block reference current. 15. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the block load calculator calculates the block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on a total load of the input image data. 16. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the current sensor generates the block current by sensing a current in each of the plurality of blocks when the display device is powered on or powered off and generates the sensing current by sensing the current in each of the plurality of blocks when the input image data is input. 17. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the coordinate generator generates the coordinate information including (m−1) x-axis coordinates and (n−1) y-axis coordinates, and the block image data generator generates the reference image data supplied to (m×n) blocks based on the coordinate information, where m and n are natural numbers greater than 2. 18. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of blocks has a maximum load when the reference image is displayed on each of the plurality of blocks. 19. The luminance control device of claim 12, wherein the reference image includes a white image. 20. A method of driving a display device comprising:
dividing a display panel into a plurality of blocks based on coordinate information; sequentially displaying reference images on each of the plurality of blocks; sensing a block current in each of the plurality of blocks; calculating a block reference current based on the block current; storing the block reference current; calculating a block load of each of the plurality of blocks based on the coordinate information and input image data; calculating a target current of each of the plurality of blocks based on the block reference current and the block load; displaying an input image corresponding to the input image data on the display panel; sensing a sensing current in each of the plurality of blocks; and calculating a scaling factor for controlling a voltage level of a data voltage corresponding to the input image data based on the sensing current and the target current. | 2,100 |
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