Unnamed: 0
int64 0
350k
| ApplicationNumber
int64 9.75M
96.1M
| ArtUnit
int64 1.6k
3.99k
| Abstract
stringlengths 7
8.37k
| Claims
stringlengths 3
292k
| abstract-claims
stringlengths 68
293k
| TechCenter
int64 1.6k
3.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
343,800 | 16,803,247 | 2,643 | An XR device and a method for controlling the same are disclosed, in which a video is paused if a first action taken by an object included in the video is not matched with a second action of a user who follows the first action, and the video starts to be played if the first action and the second action are matched with each other. | 1. An XR device, comprising:
a display configured to display a video; a camera configured to receive an image including a subject; and a processor operably coupled with the display and the camera, and configured to:
recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in the video and a second action taken by the subject in the received image, and
play the video when the second action corresponds to the first action. 2. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the display includes a first display area and a second display area, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
display a scene of the video, which includes the object, in the first display area, display the image in the second display area, display a guide line indicating the first action in a position of the subject in the image, and play the video if the second action corresponds to the first action. 3. The XR device of claim 2, wherein the first and second display areas are included in a screen of the display or respectively included in first and second displays which are independent from each other. 4. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display the image on the display as a background, display at least one object in the video in the image in the form of augmented reality (AR), display a guide line indicating the first action in the positon of the subject in the image, and play the video if the second action corresponds to the first action. 5. The XR device of claim 1, wherein when at least one play point is selected from a full play period of the video, the processor is further configured to recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in a scene corresponding to the selected play point and a second action taken by the subject in the received image. 6. The XR device of claim 5, wherein the second action does not correspond to the first action in a state that a current play point of the video which is being played reaches the selected play point, the processor is further configured to pause the video which is being played until the second action corresponds to the first action. 7. The XR device of claim 1, wherein, when a partial play period is designated in a full play period of the video, the processor is further configured to:
recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in the designated partial play period, and pause the play of the partial play period from the time when the second action does not correspond to the first action while the partial play period is being played. 8. The XR device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to control a play speed of the partial play period in accordance with a speed of the second action in a state that the second action corresponds to the first action. 9. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to
search for at least one scene, which includes the first action corresponding to the second action, among all scenes of the video, display information indicating at least one scene which is searched, and when the information is selected, play the video from a scene corresponding to the selected information. 10. The XR device of claim 9, wherein the information is displayed on a point corresponding to the searched scene on a play bar indicating the full play period of the video, and includes a thumbnail image corresponding to the searched scene. 11. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to display information indicating a matching rate between the first and second actions. 12. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display a user interface (UI) for setting a reference matching rate on the display, and play the video if the matching rate between the first and second actions is more than the reference matching rate set through the UI. 13. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the image includes two or more subjects, and the processor is further configured to:
recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in the video and actions taken by two or more subjects included in the image, and play the video if all of the actions correspond to the first action. 14. The XR device of claim 1, wherein, when any one of at least one object included in the video is selected, the processor is further configured to recognize a first action taken by the selected object and a second action taken by the subject included in the received image. 15. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the image includes two or more subjects, the video includes two or more objects, and the processor is further configured to:
recognize an action taken by each subject and each object, which belong to first and second teams, when the a first subject and a first object of the subjects and the objects are selected as the first team and a second subject and a second object are selected as the second team, and play the video when an action of the subject belonging to the first team corresponds to an action of the object belonging to the first team and an action of the subject belonging to the second team corresponds to an action of the object belonging to the second team. 16. A method for controlling an XR device, the method comprising:
displaying, via a display, a video; receiving, via a camera, an image including a subject; recognizing, via a processor, a first action taken by at least one object included in the video and a second action taken by the subject in the received image; and playing, via the processor, the video when the second action corresponds to the first action. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein when at least one play point is selected from a full play period of the video, the recognizing step includes recognizing a first action taken by at least one object included in a scene corresponding to the selected play point and a second action taken by the subject in the received image. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein when the second action does not correspond to the first action in a state that a current play point of the video which is being played reaches the selected play point, the playing step includes pausing the video which is being played until the second action corresponds to the first action. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein when a partial play period is designated in a full play period of the video, the recognizing step includes recognizing a first action taken by at least one object included in the designated partial play period and a second action taken by the subject in the received image, and the playing step includes pausing the play of the partial play period from the time when the second action does not correspond to the first action while the partial play period is being played. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the playing step includes controlling a play speed of the partial play period in accordance with a speed of the second action in a state that the second action corresponds to the first action. | An XR device and a method for controlling the same are disclosed, in which a video is paused if a first action taken by an object included in the video is not matched with a second action of a user who follows the first action, and the video starts to be played if the first action and the second action are matched with each other.1. An XR device, comprising:
a display configured to display a video; a camera configured to receive an image including a subject; and a processor operably coupled with the display and the camera, and configured to:
recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in the video and a second action taken by the subject in the received image, and
play the video when the second action corresponds to the first action. 2. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the display includes a first display area and a second display area, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
display a scene of the video, which includes the object, in the first display area, display the image in the second display area, display a guide line indicating the first action in a position of the subject in the image, and play the video if the second action corresponds to the first action. 3. The XR device of claim 2, wherein the first and second display areas are included in a screen of the display or respectively included in first and second displays which are independent from each other. 4. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display the image on the display as a background, display at least one object in the video in the image in the form of augmented reality (AR), display a guide line indicating the first action in the positon of the subject in the image, and play the video if the second action corresponds to the first action. 5. The XR device of claim 1, wherein when at least one play point is selected from a full play period of the video, the processor is further configured to recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in a scene corresponding to the selected play point and a second action taken by the subject in the received image. 6. The XR device of claim 5, wherein the second action does not correspond to the first action in a state that a current play point of the video which is being played reaches the selected play point, the processor is further configured to pause the video which is being played until the second action corresponds to the first action. 7. The XR device of claim 1, wherein, when a partial play period is designated in a full play period of the video, the processor is further configured to:
recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in the designated partial play period, and pause the play of the partial play period from the time when the second action does not correspond to the first action while the partial play period is being played. 8. The XR device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to control a play speed of the partial play period in accordance with a speed of the second action in a state that the second action corresponds to the first action. 9. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to
search for at least one scene, which includes the first action corresponding to the second action, among all scenes of the video, display information indicating at least one scene which is searched, and when the information is selected, play the video from a scene corresponding to the selected information. 10. The XR device of claim 9, wherein the information is displayed on a point corresponding to the searched scene on a play bar indicating the full play period of the video, and includes a thumbnail image corresponding to the searched scene. 11. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to display information indicating a matching rate between the first and second actions. 12. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display a user interface (UI) for setting a reference matching rate on the display, and play the video if the matching rate between the first and second actions is more than the reference matching rate set through the UI. 13. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the image includes two or more subjects, and the processor is further configured to:
recognize a first action taken by at least one object included in the video and actions taken by two or more subjects included in the image, and play the video if all of the actions correspond to the first action. 14. The XR device of claim 1, wherein, when any one of at least one object included in the video is selected, the processor is further configured to recognize a first action taken by the selected object and a second action taken by the subject included in the received image. 15. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the image includes two or more subjects, the video includes two or more objects, and the processor is further configured to:
recognize an action taken by each subject and each object, which belong to first and second teams, when the a first subject and a first object of the subjects and the objects are selected as the first team and a second subject and a second object are selected as the second team, and play the video when an action of the subject belonging to the first team corresponds to an action of the object belonging to the first team and an action of the subject belonging to the second team corresponds to an action of the object belonging to the second team. 16. A method for controlling an XR device, the method comprising:
displaying, via a display, a video; receiving, via a camera, an image including a subject; recognizing, via a processor, a first action taken by at least one object included in the video and a second action taken by the subject in the received image; and playing, via the processor, the video when the second action corresponds to the first action. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein when at least one play point is selected from a full play period of the video, the recognizing step includes recognizing a first action taken by at least one object included in a scene corresponding to the selected play point and a second action taken by the subject in the received image. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein when the second action does not correspond to the first action in a state that a current play point of the video which is being played reaches the selected play point, the playing step includes pausing the video which is being played until the second action corresponds to the first action. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein when a partial play period is designated in a full play period of the video, the recognizing step includes recognizing a first action taken by at least one object included in the designated partial play period and a second action taken by the subject in the received image, and the playing step includes pausing the play of the partial play period from the time when the second action does not correspond to the first action while the partial play period is being played. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the playing step includes controlling a play speed of the partial play period in accordance with a speed of the second action in a state that the second action corresponds to the first action. | 2,600 |
343,801 | 16,803,231 | 2,643 | An external wearable medical device includes an electrode to detect patient cardiac activity; a therapy electrode to provide a therapy in response to detecting an arrhythmia event; a GUI display comprising a caregiver interface and a patient interface; and a processor configured to provide, to the caregiver interface, a first set of information that includes information for operating the device in conjunction with the patient and an alert history of the device including an indication of one or more detected arrhythmia events, provide, to the patient interface, a second set of information that includes information for allowing the patient to cause the device to suspend providing the therapy and a direction to the patient to contact a caregiver responsive to detecting an event affecting at least one of the device and the patient, and responsive to detecting the event, automatically transmitting a notification of the event to an external entity. | 1. An external wearable medical device comprising:
at least one electrode configured to detect cardiac activity of a patient; at least one therapy electrode configured to provide a therapy to the patient in response to detecting an arrhythmia event in the patient based at least in part on the detected cardiac activity; a graphical user interface display disposed on the external wearable medical device and comprising at least one caregiver interface and at least one patient interface; and at least one processor in communication with the graphical user interface display, wherein the at least one processor is configured to
provide a first set of information to the at least one caregiver interface, wherein the first set of information comprises information for operating the external wearable medical device in conjunction with the patient and an alert history of the wearable medical device including an indication of one or more detected arrhythmia events in the patient,
provide a second set of information to the at least one patient interface, wherein the second set of information comprises information for allowing the patient to cause the external wearable medical device to suspend providing the therapy to the patient, and wherein the second set of information further comprises a direction to the patient to contact a caregiver responsive to detecting an event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, and
responsive to detecting the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, automatically transmitting a notification of the event to an external entity. 2. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the external entity is a caregiver station monitoring a condition of the patient. 3. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the external entity is a base station configured to issue alerts to medical personnel. 4. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the notification of the event includes an indication of at least one of a type of event, a location of the patient, and an urgency of the event. 5. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient includes at least one of electrode falloff, excessive noise, and low battery. 6. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient comprises the detected arrhythmia event in the patient. 7. The external wearable medical device of claim 6, wherein the detected arrhythmia event comprises at least one of a ventricular tachycardia event, a ventricular fibrillation event, a bradycardia event, and an atrial fibrillation event. 8. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface display further comprises at least one service interface, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to provide a third set of information to the at least one service interface, wherein the third set of information comprises information for allowing a service technician to access device settings not accessible by the patient. 9. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the information for operating the external wearable medical device comprises at least one training module. 10. The external wearable medical device of claim 9, wherein the at least one training module comprises at least one of a patient training module and a caregiver training module. 11. The external wearable medical device of claim 9, wherein the at least one training module comprises a response button training module, a garment training module, and a device action training module. 12. The external wearable medical device of claim 9, wherein the first set of information comprises at least one of a direction to a caregiver to administer the at least one training module to the patient and a direction to the caregiver to review the at least one training module. 13. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide access to a user with a caregiver level access to modify a treatment protocol of the patient. 14. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide access to a user with patient level access to a limited set of allowed interactions. 15. A method of operating an external wearable medical device comprising:
monitoring ECG information of a patient, the ECG information obtained from at least one ECG sensing electrode of the external wearable medical device; providing, on a graphical user interface display disposed on the external wearable medical device, a first set of information in at least one caregiver interface, wherein the first set of information comprises information for operating the external wearable medical device in conjunction with the patient and an alert history of the external wearable medical device including an indication of any detected arrhythmia event in the patient, providing, on the graphical user interface, a second set of information in at least one patient interface, wherein the second set of information comprises information for allowing the patient to cause the external wearable medical device to suspend providing a therapy to the patient, and wherein the second set of information further comprises a direction to the patient to contact a caregiver responsive to detecting an event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, and responsive to detecting the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, automatically transmitting a notification of the event to an external entity. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the notification of the event includes an indication of at least one of a type of event, a location of the patient, and an urgency of the event. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient includes at least one of electrode falloff, excessive noise, and low battery. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient comprises the detected arrhythmia event in the patient. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the detected arrhythmia event comprises at least one of a ventricular tachycardia event, a ventricular fibrillation event, a bradycardia event, and an atrial fibrillation event. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the external entity is a caregiver station monitoring a condition of the patient. | An external wearable medical device includes an electrode to detect patient cardiac activity; a therapy electrode to provide a therapy in response to detecting an arrhythmia event; a GUI display comprising a caregiver interface and a patient interface; and a processor configured to provide, to the caregiver interface, a first set of information that includes information for operating the device in conjunction with the patient and an alert history of the device including an indication of one or more detected arrhythmia events, provide, to the patient interface, a second set of information that includes information for allowing the patient to cause the device to suspend providing the therapy and a direction to the patient to contact a caregiver responsive to detecting an event affecting at least one of the device and the patient, and responsive to detecting the event, automatically transmitting a notification of the event to an external entity.1. An external wearable medical device comprising:
at least one electrode configured to detect cardiac activity of a patient; at least one therapy electrode configured to provide a therapy to the patient in response to detecting an arrhythmia event in the patient based at least in part on the detected cardiac activity; a graphical user interface display disposed on the external wearable medical device and comprising at least one caregiver interface and at least one patient interface; and at least one processor in communication with the graphical user interface display, wherein the at least one processor is configured to
provide a first set of information to the at least one caregiver interface, wherein the first set of information comprises information for operating the external wearable medical device in conjunction with the patient and an alert history of the wearable medical device including an indication of one or more detected arrhythmia events in the patient,
provide a second set of information to the at least one patient interface, wherein the second set of information comprises information for allowing the patient to cause the external wearable medical device to suspend providing the therapy to the patient, and wherein the second set of information further comprises a direction to the patient to contact a caregiver responsive to detecting an event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, and
responsive to detecting the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, automatically transmitting a notification of the event to an external entity. 2. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the external entity is a caregiver station monitoring a condition of the patient. 3. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the external entity is a base station configured to issue alerts to medical personnel. 4. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the notification of the event includes an indication of at least one of a type of event, a location of the patient, and an urgency of the event. 5. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient includes at least one of electrode falloff, excessive noise, and low battery. 6. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient comprises the detected arrhythmia event in the patient. 7. The external wearable medical device of claim 6, wherein the detected arrhythmia event comprises at least one of a ventricular tachycardia event, a ventricular fibrillation event, a bradycardia event, and an atrial fibrillation event. 8. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface display further comprises at least one service interface, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to provide a third set of information to the at least one service interface, wherein the third set of information comprises information for allowing a service technician to access device settings not accessible by the patient. 9. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the information for operating the external wearable medical device comprises at least one training module. 10. The external wearable medical device of claim 9, wherein the at least one training module comprises at least one of a patient training module and a caregiver training module. 11. The external wearable medical device of claim 9, wherein the at least one training module comprises a response button training module, a garment training module, and a device action training module. 12. The external wearable medical device of claim 9, wherein the first set of information comprises at least one of a direction to a caregiver to administer the at least one training module to the patient and a direction to the caregiver to review the at least one training module. 13. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide access to a user with a caregiver level access to modify a treatment protocol of the patient. 14. The external wearable medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide access to a user with patient level access to a limited set of allowed interactions. 15. A method of operating an external wearable medical device comprising:
monitoring ECG information of a patient, the ECG information obtained from at least one ECG sensing electrode of the external wearable medical device; providing, on a graphical user interface display disposed on the external wearable medical device, a first set of information in at least one caregiver interface, wherein the first set of information comprises information for operating the external wearable medical device in conjunction with the patient and an alert history of the external wearable medical device including an indication of any detected arrhythmia event in the patient, providing, on the graphical user interface, a second set of information in at least one patient interface, wherein the second set of information comprises information for allowing the patient to cause the external wearable medical device to suspend providing a therapy to the patient, and wherein the second set of information further comprises a direction to the patient to contact a caregiver responsive to detecting an event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, and responsive to detecting the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient, automatically transmitting a notification of the event to an external entity. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the notification of the event includes an indication of at least one of a type of event, a location of the patient, and an urgency of the event. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient includes at least one of electrode falloff, excessive noise, and low battery. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the event affecting at least one of the external wearable medical device and the patient comprises the detected arrhythmia event in the patient. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the detected arrhythmia event comprises at least one of a ventricular tachycardia event, a ventricular fibrillation event, a bradycardia event, and an atrial fibrillation event. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the external entity is a caregiver station monitoring a condition of the patient. | 2,600 |
343,802 | 16,803,249 | 2,643 | In a hybrid vehicle, each of an engine and an MG1 is mechanically coupled to a drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed. The planetary gear and an MG2 are configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the MG2 are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined. The engine includes a turbocharger, an EGR valve, and a WGV. When opening of the EGR valve exceeds first opening, a controller maintains opening of the WGV at second opening or larger. | 1. A hybrid vehicle comprising:
a drive wheel; an engine, a first motor generator, and a second motor generator mechanically coupled to the drive wheel; and a controller that controls the engine, the first motor generator, and the second motor generator, the engine including
an engine main body where combustion is performed,
an intake air passage and an exhaust passage connected to the engine main body,
a recirculation path that connects the intake air passage and the exhaust passage to each other without passing through the engine main body,
an EGR valve provided in the recirculation path,
a turbocharger,
a bypass path connected to the exhaust passage, and
a waste gate valve provided in the bypass path,
the EGR valve adjusting an amount of exhaust recirculated from the exhaust passage to the intake air passage, the turbocharger including
a compressor provided in the intake air passage, and
a turbine provided in the exhaust passage, the compressor and the turbine being rotated together,
the bypass path allowing exhaust to flow as bypassing the turbine, each of the engine and the first motor generator being mechanically coupled to the drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed, the planetary gear and the second motor generator being configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the second motor generator are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined, wherein when opening of the EGR valve exceeds first opening, the controller maintains opening of the waste gate valve at second opening or larger. 2. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller permits closing of the waste gate valve to opening smaller than the second opening only when the EGR valve is fully closed. 3. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
when a first requirement is satisfied while the engine is in a first operation state, the controller controls the EGR valve to be opened to opening larger than the first opening with opening of the waste gate valve being maintained at the second opening or larger, when a second requirement is satisfied while the engine is in a second operation state, the controller controls the waste gate valve to be closed to prescribed opening smaller than the second opening with the EGR valve being maintained in a fully closed state, and the first operation state and the second operation state are not simultaneously established. 4. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein
the first operation state refers to a state that torque requested of the engine is smaller than a threshold value, and the second operation state refers to a state that torque requested of the engine is larger than the threshold value. 5. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein
a fully closed state is defined as the prescribed opening smaller than the second opening. 6. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising:
a first actuator that drives the EGR valve in accordance with a command from the controller; and a second actuator that drives the waste gate valve in accordance with a command from the controller, wherein the first requirement includes a requirement that a first time period has elapsed since issuance of a command to fully open the waste gate valve from the controller to the second actuator, and the second requirement includes a requirement that a second time period has elapsed since issuance of a command to fully close the EGR valve from the controller to the first actuator. 7. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein
the first requirement includes a requirement that opening of the waste gate valve is equal to or larger than the second opening and a requirement that a boost pressure of the engine is equal to or lower than a prescribed value, and the second requirement includes a requirement that the EGR valve is fully closed and a requirement that an EGR ratio is equal to or lower than a prescribed value, the EGR ratio representing a ratio occupied by recirculated exhaust in intake air supplied to the engine main body. 8. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
a fully closed state is defined as the first opening and a fully opened state is defined as the second opening. 9. A method of engine control of a hybrid vehicle, the hybrid vehicle including a drive wheel, an engine, a first motor generator, and a second motor generator mechanically coupled to the drive wheel, and a controller that controls the engine, the first motor generator, and the second motor generator; the engine including an engine main body where combustion is performed, an intake air passage and an exhaust passage connected to the engine main body, a recirculation path that connects the intake air passage and the exhaust passage to each other without passing through the engine main body, an EGR valve provided in the recirculation path, a turbocharger, a bypass path connected to the exhaust passage, and a waste gate valve provided in the bypass path, the EGR valve adjusting an amount of exhaust recirculated from the exhaust passage to the intake air passage; the turbocharger including a compressor provided in the intake air passage and a turbine provided in the exhaust passage, the compressor and the turbine being rotated together, the bypass path allowing exhaust to flow as bypassing the turbine; each of the engine and the first motor generator being mechanically coupled to the drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed, the planetary gear and the second motor generator being configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the second motor generator are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined; the method comprising: by the controller,
determining whether both of a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being a condition that opening of the EGR valve is not prohibited, the second condition being a condition that an EGR execution condition is satisfied; when the first and second conditions are satisfied, opening the EGR valve to opening larger than first opening after setting opening of the waste gate valve to second opening or larger, and prohibiting closing of the waste gate valve to opening smaller than the second opening; when an EGR stop condition is satisfied while the EGR valve is opened to opening larger than the first opening, canceling prohibition of closing of the waste gate valve to the opening smaller than the second opening after fully closing the EGR valve; determining whether both of a third condition and a fourth condition are satisfied, the third condition being a condition that closing of the waste gate valve to the opening smaller than the second opening is not prohibited, the fourth condition being a condition that a forced induction execution condition is satisfied; when the third and fourth conditions are satisfied, closing the waste gate valve to the opening smaller than the second opening after fully closing the EGR valve, and prohibiting opening of the EGR valve; and when a forced induction stop condition is satisfied while the waste gate valve is closed to the opening smaller than the second opening, canceling prohibition of opening of the EGR valve after setting the opening of the waste gate valve to the second opening or larger. | In a hybrid vehicle, each of an engine and an MG1 is mechanically coupled to a drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed. The planetary gear and an MG2 are configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the MG2 are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined. The engine includes a turbocharger, an EGR valve, and a WGV. When opening of the EGR valve exceeds first opening, a controller maintains opening of the WGV at second opening or larger.1. A hybrid vehicle comprising:
a drive wheel; an engine, a first motor generator, and a second motor generator mechanically coupled to the drive wheel; and a controller that controls the engine, the first motor generator, and the second motor generator, the engine including
an engine main body where combustion is performed,
an intake air passage and an exhaust passage connected to the engine main body,
a recirculation path that connects the intake air passage and the exhaust passage to each other without passing through the engine main body,
an EGR valve provided in the recirculation path,
a turbocharger,
a bypass path connected to the exhaust passage, and
a waste gate valve provided in the bypass path,
the EGR valve adjusting an amount of exhaust recirculated from the exhaust passage to the intake air passage, the turbocharger including
a compressor provided in the intake air passage, and
a turbine provided in the exhaust passage, the compressor and the turbine being rotated together,
the bypass path allowing exhaust to flow as bypassing the turbine, each of the engine and the first motor generator being mechanically coupled to the drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed, the planetary gear and the second motor generator being configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the second motor generator are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined, wherein when opening of the EGR valve exceeds first opening, the controller maintains opening of the waste gate valve at second opening or larger. 2. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller permits closing of the waste gate valve to opening smaller than the second opening only when the EGR valve is fully closed. 3. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
when a first requirement is satisfied while the engine is in a first operation state, the controller controls the EGR valve to be opened to opening larger than the first opening with opening of the waste gate valve being maintained at the second opening or larger, when a second requirement is satisfied while the engine is in a second operation state, the controller controls the waste gate valve to be closed to prescribed opening smaller than the second opening with the EGR valve being maintained in a fully closed state, and the first operation state and the second operation state are not simultaneously established. 4. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein
the first operation state refers to a state that torque requested of the engine is smaller than a threshold value, and the second operation state refers to a state that torque requested of the engine is larger than the threshold value. 5. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein
a fully closed state is defined as the prescribed opening smaller than the second opening. 6. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising:
a first actuator that drives the EGR valve in accordance with a command from the controller; and a second actuator that drives the waste gate valve in accordance with a command from the controller, wherein the first requirement includes a requirement that a first time period has elapsed since issuance of a command to fully open the waste gate valve from the controller to the second actuator, and the second requirement includes a requirement that a second time period has elapsed since issuance of a command to fully close the EGR valve from the controller to the first actuator. 7. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 3, wherein
the first requirement includes a requirement that opening of the waste gate valve is equal to or larger than the second opening and a requirement that a boost pressure of the engine is equal to or lower than a prescribed value, and the second requirement includes a requirement that the EGR valve is fully closed and a requirement that an EGR ratio is equal to or lower than a prescribed value, the EGR ratio representing a ratio occupied by recirculated exhaust in intake air supplied to the engine main body. 8. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
a fully closed state is defined as the first opening and a fully opened state is defined as the second opening. 9. A method of engine control of a hybrid vehicle, the hybrid vehicle including a drive wheel, an engine, a first motor generator, and a second motor generator mechanically coupled to the drive wheel, and a controller that controls the engine, the first motor generator, and the second motor generator; the engine including an engine main body where combustion is performed, an intake air passage and an exhaust passage connected to the engine main body, a recirculation path that connects the intake air passage and the exhaust passage to each other without passing through the engine main body, an EGR valve provided in the recirculation path, a turbocharger, a bypass path connected to the exhaust passage, and a waste gate valve provided in the bypass path, the EGR valve adjusting an amount of exhaust recirculated from the exhaust passage to the intake air passage; the turbocharger including a compressor provided in the intake air passage and a turbine provided in the exhaust passage, the compressor and the turbine being rotated together, the bypass path allowing exhaust to flow as bypassing the turbine; each of the engine and the first motor generator being mechanically coupled to the drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed, the planetary gear and the second motor generator being configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the second motor generator are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined; the method comprising: by the controller,
determining whether both of a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being a condition that opening of the EGR valve is not prohibited, the second condition being a condition that an EGR execution condition is satisfied; when the first and second conditions are satisfied, opening the EGR valve to opening larger than first opening after setting opening of the waste gate valve to second opening or larger, and prohibiting closing of the waste gate valve to opening smaller than the second opening; when an EGR stop condition is satisfied while the EGR valve is opened to opening larger than the first opening, canceling prohibition of closing of the waste gate valve to the opening smaller than the second opening after fully closing the EGR valve; determining whether both of a third condition and a fourth condition are satisfied, the third condition being a condition that closing of the waste gate valve to the opening smaller than the second opening is not prohibited, the fourth condition being a condition that a forced induction execution condition is satisfied; when the third and fourth conditions are satisfied, closing the waste gate valve to the opening smaller than the second opening after fully closing the EGR valve, and prohibiting opening of the EGR valve; and when a forced induction stop condition is satisfied while the waste gate valve is closed to the opening smaller than the second opening, canceling prohibition of opening of the EGR valve after setting the opening of the waste gate valve to the second opening or larger. | 2,600 |
343,803 | 16,803,214 | 2,643 | A computer-implemented method of generating, from an array of topic records, an output array of keywords for use in targeting online advertisements related to topics represented by the array of topic records, includes obtaining the array of topic records in computer-readable form, determining a relevancy value for words and topics, classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a high-volume class or a low-volume class, generating and storing an array of seed keywords derived by sampling from an embedded space, ranking the seed keywords to form an array of ranked keywords, updating the array of ranked keywords based on keyword cost-per-click data, iterating the ranking and updating at least once, and evaluating an optimization improvement value for an iteration. | 1. A computer-implemented method of generating, from an array of topic records, an output array of keywords for use in targeting online advertisements related to topics represented by the array of topic records, the method comprising:
obtaining the array of topic records in computer-readable form; storing the array of topic records as an array of topic vectors, wherein topic vectors encode for topics; obtaining data that is used to represent word vectors and storing the data as an array of word vectors; determining, for each word vector of a plurality of word vectors in the array of word vectors and topic vector of a plurality of topic vectors in the array of topic vectors, a relevancy value for the word and topic; classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a high-volume class or a low-volume class; generating and storing an array of seed keywords derived by sampling from an embedded space; ranking the seed keywords to form an array of ranked keywords; updating the array of ranked keywords based on a keyword score that can be computed from measurable metrics; iterating the ranking and updating at least once; evaluating an optimization improvement value for an iteration; and when either the optimization improvement value for the iteration is below a pre-determined threshold or the maximum time limit for the optimization is reached, generating the output array of keywords from the array of ranked keywords. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a high-volume class comprises a paragraph vector model step and classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a low-volume class comprises a PMI-SVD model step. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the array of topic records in computer-readable form comprises:
sending user interface data representing a user interface to a user device; obtaining a user reply from the user device; and generating the array of topic records from the user reply. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the relevancy value for the word and topic comprises computing a cosine distance between the word vector and the topic vector. 5. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least:
perform the operations described in claim 1. | A computer-implemented method of generating, from an array of topic records, an output array of keywords for use in targeting online advertisements related to topics represented by the array of topic records, includes obtaining the array of topic records in computer-readable form, determining a relevancy value for words and topics, classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a high-volume class or a low-volume class, generating and storing an array of seed keywords derived by sampling from an embedded space, ranking the seed keywords to form an array of ranked keywords, updating the array of ranked keywords based on keyword cost-per-click data, iterating the ranking and updating at least once, and evaluating an optimization improvement value for an iteration.1. A computer-implemented method of generating, from an array of topic records, an output array of keywords for use in targeting online advertisements related to topics represented by the array of topic records, the method comprising:
obtaining the array of topic records in computer-readable form; storing the array of topic records as an array of topic vectors, wherein topic vectors encode for topics; obtaining data that is used to represent word vectors and storing the data as an array of word vectors; determining, for each word vector of a plurality of word vectors in the array of word vectors and topic vector of a plurality of topic vectors in the array of topic vectors, a relevancy value for the word and topic; classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a high-volume class or a low-volume class; generating and storing an array of seed keywords derived by sampling from an embedded space; ranking the seed keywords to form an array of ranked keywords; updating the array of ranked keywords based on a keyword score that can be computed from measurable metrics; iterating the ranking and updating at least once; evaluating an optimization improvement value for an iteration; and when either the optimization improvement value for the iteration is below a pre-determined threshold or the maximum time limit for the optimization is reached, generating the output array of keywords from the array of ranked keywords. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a high-volume class comprises a paragraph vector model step and classifying the topic vectors in the plurality of topic vectors into a low-volume class comprises a PMI-SVD model step. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the array of topic records in computer-readable form comprises:
sending user interface data representing a user interface to a user device; obtaining a user reply from the user device; and generating the array of topic records from the user reply. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the relevancy value for the word and topic comprises computing a cosine distance between the word vector and the topic vector. 5. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least:
perform the operations described in claim 1. | 2,600 |
343,804 | 16,803,197 | 2,643 | Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating uplink control information (UCI) in a network operating over multiple aggregated unlicensed carriers are provided. A first wireless communication device communicates, with a second wireless communication device, a downlink communication signal. The first wireless communication device communicates, with the second wireless communication device, an unscheduled uplink communication signal including an uplink report associated with the downlink communication signal, the unscheduled uplink communication signal communicated based on a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure. The uplink report includes at least one of an acknowledgement (ACK) for data in the downlink communication signal, a negative-acknowledgement (NACK) for the data in the downlink communication signal, or channel information based at least on the downlink communication signal. | 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
communicating, by a first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device, a resource configuration for communicating an unscheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the unscheduled PUSCH signal including an uplink control information (UCI) report based on the resource configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource configuration indicates a resource allocated for the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the UCI report includes at least one of hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI), or unscheduled UCI. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with unscheduled uplink data. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal does not include any uplink data. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, or CSI part 2. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2 is rate-matched around the unscheduled UCI in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal further includes unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the unscheduled UCI and the at least one of HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the PUSCH signal includes coded bits for at least one of (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, CSI part 2, or unscheduled UCI. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the PUSCH signal includes code bits for unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the coded bits for the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, the CSI part 2, or the unscheduled UCI. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the UCI report based on a predetermined periodicity. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, an UCI report request in a first frequency band, wherein the communicating the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band in response to the UCI report request, the UCI report in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first frequency band is at a higher frequency than the second frequency band. 14. An apparatus comprising:
a transceiver configured to:
communicate, with a wireless communication device, a resource configuration for communicating an unscheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal; and
communicate, with the wireless communication device, the unscheduled PUSCH signal including an uplink control information (UCI) report based on the resource configuration. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the resource configuration indicates a resource allocated for the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the UCI report includes at least one of hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI), or unscheduled UCI. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with unscheduled uplink data. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal does not include any uplink data. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, or CSI part 2. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2 is rate-matched around the unscheduled UCI in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal further includes unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the unscheduled UCI and the at least one of HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2. 22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the PUSCH signal includes coded bits for at least one of (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, CSI part 2, or unscheduled UCI. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the PUSCH signal includes code bits for unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the coded bits for the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, the CSI part 2, or the unscheduled UCI. 24. A computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising:
code for causing a first wireless communication device to communicate, with a second wireless communication device, a resource configuration for communicating an unscheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, the unscheduled PUSCH signal including an uplink control information (UCI) report based on the resource configuration. 25. The computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the resource configuration indicates a resource allocated for the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 26. The computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the UCI report includes at least one of hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI), or unscheduled UCI. 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with unscheduled uplink data. 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, or CSI part 2. 29. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2 is rate-matched around the unscheduled UCI in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal further includes unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the unscheduled UCI and the at least one of HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2. | Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating uplink control information (UCI) in a network operating over multiple aggregated unlicensed carriers are provided. A first wireless communication device communicates, with a second wireless communication device, a downlink communication signal. The first wireless communication device communicates, with the second wireless communication device, an unscheduled uplink communication signal including an uplink report associated with the downlink communication signal, the unscheduled uplink communication signal communicated based on a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure. The uplink report includes at least one of an acknowledgement (ACK) for data in the downlink communication signal, a negative-acknowledgement (NACK) for the data in the downlink communication signal, or channel information based at least on the downlink communication signal.1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
communicating, by a first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device, a resource configuration for communicating an unscheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the unscheduled PUSCH signal including an uplink control information (UCI) report based on the resource configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource configuration indicates a resource allocated for the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the UCI report includes at least one of hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI), or unscheduled UCI. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with unscheduled uplink data. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal does not include any uplink data. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, or CSI part 2. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2 is rate-matched around the unscheduled UCI in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal further includes unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the unscheduled UCI and the at least one of HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the PUSCH signal includes coded bits for at least one of (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, CSI part 2, or unscheduled UCI. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the PUSCH signal includes code bits for unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the coded bits for the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, the CSI part 2, or the unscheduled UCI. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the UCI report based on a predetermined periodicity. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, an UCI report request in a first frequency band, wherein the communicating the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band in response to the UCI report request, the UCI report in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first frequency band is at a higher frequency than the second frequency band. 14. An apparatus comprising:
a transceiver configured to:
communicate, with a wireless communication device, a resource configuration for communicating an unscheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal; and
communicate, with the wireless communication device, the unscheduled PUSCH signal including an uplink control information (UCI) report based on the resource configuration. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the resource configuration indicates a resource allocated for the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the UCI report includes at least one of hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI), or unscheduled UCI. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with unscheduled uplink data. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal does not include any uplink data. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, or CSI part 2. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2 is rate-matched around the unscheduled UCI in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal further includes unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the unscheduled UCI and the at least one of HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2. 22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the PUSCH signal includes coded bits for at least one of (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, CSI part 2, or unscheduled UCI. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the PUSCH signal includes code bits for unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the coded bits for the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, the CSI part 2, or the unscheduled UCI. 24. A computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising:
code for causing a first wireless communication device to communicate, with a second wireless communication device, a resource configuration for communicating an unscheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, the unscheduled PUSCH signal including an uplink control information (UCI) report based on the resource configuration. 25. The computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the resource configuration indicates a resource allocated for the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 26. The computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein the UCI report includes at least one of hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information, channel state information (CSI), or unscheduled UCI. 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with unscheduled uplink data. 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal includes the unscheduled UCI multiplexed with the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, channel state information (CSI) part 1, or CSI part 2. 29. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the at least one of the HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2 is rate-matched around the unscheduled UCI in the unscheduled PUSCH signal. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the unscheduled PUSCH signal further includes unscheduled uplink data multiplexed with the unscheduled UCI and the at least one of HARQ ACK/NACK information, the CSI part 1, or the CSI part 2. | 2,600 |
343,805 | 16,803,276 | 3,648 | A robotic work tool system, comprising a robotic work tool, said robotic work tool comprising a position determining device for determining a current position and at least one deduced reckoning (also known as dead reckoning) navigation sensor, the robotic work tool being configured to determine that a reliable and accurate current position is possible to determine and in response thereto determine an expected navigation parameter, compare the expected navigation parameter to a current navigation parameter to determine a navigation error, determine if the navigation error is negligible, and if the navigation error is not negligible, cause the robotic work tool to change its trajectory to accommodate for the navigation error. Wherein the robotic work tool (100) is further configured to change the trajectory by aligning the trajectory with an expected trajectory, wherein the expected trajectory is determined as an expected direction originating from an expected position and wherein the robotic work tool (100) is configured to change the trajectory by returning to a position that should have been visited and aligning the trajectory with the expected direction originating from the expected position, said position that should have been visited being aligned with the expected direction originating from the expected position. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A robotic lawnmower comprising a position determining device for determining a current position of the robotic lawnmower and at least one deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the deduced reckoning navigation sensor being configured to provide signals for deduced reckoning navigation, wherein the robotic lawnmower is configured to:
in response to the position determining device determining the current position of the robotic lawnmower, operate based on the current position, in response to the position determining device no longer being able to determine the current position, continue operating using the deduced reckoning navigation, determine that the position determining device is again able to determine the current position, and in response thereto, determine an expected navigation parameter based on control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the expected navigation parameter comprising an expected position and an expected direction of the robotic lawnmower, compare the expected navigation parameter to a current navigation parameter to determine a navigation error, the current navigation parameter comprising the current position and a current direction of the robotic lawnmower, determine if the navigation error is negligible, in response to the navigation error not being negligible, cause the robotic lawnmower to change a trajectory to accommodate for the navigation error by aligning the trajectory with an expected trajectory of the robotic lawnmower, wherein the expected trajectory is determined as being along the expected direction originating from the expected position of the robotic lawnmower, and perform the change of the trajectory by returning to a position that has been passed and should have been visited and aligning the trajectory with the expected direction originating from the expected position, said position that should have been visited being aligned with the expected direction originating from the expected position and not coinciding with the expected position, and wherein the position that should have been visited is determined to be a point in an area in which navigation from the position determining device is not possible or the position that should have been visited is a position where a signal from the position determining device could have been received again but along the expected trajectory. 15. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the expected position is a position being determined based on the control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor used when no signal from the position determining device was received. 16. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the robotic lawnmower is configured to determine the position that should have been visited by extrapolating positions known to have signal reception. 17. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the robotic lawnmower is configured to calibrate the deduced reckoning navigation sensor based on the determined navigation error. 18. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the position determining device is an optical position determining device. 19. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the position determining device is a radio frequency position determining device. 20. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the position determining device is an ultrawideband beacon. 21. A method for operating a robotic lawnmower, said robotic lawnmower comprising a position determining device for determining a current position of the robotic lawnmower and at least one deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the deduced reckoning navigation sensor configured to provide signals for deduced reckoning navigation, the method comprising:
in response to the position device determining the current position of the robotic lawnmower, causing the robotic lawnmower to operate based on the current position retrieved from the position determining device; in response to the position determining device no longer being able to determine the current position, causing the robotic lawnmower to continue operating using the deduced reckoning navigation; determining that the position determining device is again able to determine the current position and in response thereto determining an expected navigation parameter based on control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the expected navigation parameter comprising an expected position and an expected direction of the robotic lawnmower; comparing the expected navigation parameter to a current navigation parameter to determine a navigation error, the current navigation parameter comprising the current position and a current direction of the robotic lawnmower; determining if the navigation error is negligible; in response to the navigation error not being negligible, causing the robotic lawnmower to change a trajectory to accommodate for the navigation error by aligning the trajectory with an expected trajectory, wherein the expected trajectory is determined as being along the expected direction originating from the expected position of the robotic lawnmower; and performing the change of the trajectory by returning to a position that has been passed and that should have been visited and aligning the trajectory with the expected direction originating from the expected position of the robotic lawnmower, the position that should have been visited being aligned with the expected direction originating from the expected position and not coinciding with the expected position, wherein the position that should have been visited is determined to be a point in an area in which navigation via the position determining device is not possible, or the position that should have been visited is a position where a signal from the position determining device could have been received again but along the expected trajectory. 22. The method according to claim 8, wherein the expected position is a position being determined based on the control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor used when no signal from the position determining device was received. 23. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises determining the position that should have been visited by extrapolating positions known to have signal reception. 24. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises calibrating the deduced reckoning navigation sensor based on the determined navigation error. 25. The method according to claim 8, wherein the position determining device is an optical position determining device. 26. The method according to claim 8, wherein the position determining device is a radio frequency position determining device. 27. The method according to claim 8, wherein the position determining device is an ultrawideband beacon. | A robotic work tool system, comprising a robotic work tool, said robotic work tool comprising a position determining device for determining a current position and at least one deduced reckoning (also known as dead reckoning) navigation sensor, the robotic work tool being configured to determine that a reliable and accurate current position is possible to determine and in response thereto determine an expected navigation parameter, compare the expected navigation parameter to a current navigation parameter to determine a navigation error, determine if the navigation error is negligible, and if the navigation error is not negligible, cause the robotic work tool to change its trajectory to accommodate for the navigation error. Wherein the robotic work tool (100) is further configured to change the trajectory by aligning the trajectory with an expected trajectory, wherein the expected trajectory is determined as an expected direction originating from an expected position and wherein the robotic work tool (100) is configured to change the trajectory by returning to a position that should have been visited and aligning the trajectory with the expected direction originating from the expected position, said position that should have been visited being aligned with the expected direction originating from the expected position.1-13. (canceled) 14. A robotic lawnmower comprising a position determining device for determining a current position of the robotic lawnmower and at least one deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the deduced reckoning navigation sensor being configured to provide signals for deduced reckoning navigation, wherein the robotic lawnmower is configured to:
in response to the position determining device determining the current position of the robotic lawnmower, operate based on the current position, in response to the position determining device no longer being able to determine the current position, continue operating using the deduced reckoning navigation, determine that the position determining device is again able to determine the current position, and in response thereto, determine an expected navigation parameter based on control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the expected navigation parameter comprising an expected position and an expected direction of the robotic lawnmower, compare the expected navigation parameter to a current navigation parameter to determine a navigation error, the current navigation parameter comprising the current position and a current direction of the robotic lawnmower, determine if the navigation error is negligible, in response to the navigation error not being negligible, cause the robotic lawnmower to change a trajectory to accommodate for the navigation error by aligning the trajectory with an expected trajectory of the robotic lawnmower, wherein the expected trajectory is determined as being along the expected direction originating from the expected position of the robotic lawnmower, and perform the change of the trajectory by returning to a position that has been passed and should have been visited and aligning the trajectory with the expected direction originating from the expected position, said position that should have been visited being aligned with the expected direction originating from the expected position and not coinciding with the expected position, and wherein the position that should have been visited is determined to be a point in an area in which navigation from the position determining device is not possible or the position that should have been visited is a position where a signal from the position determining device could have been received again but along the expected trajectory. 15. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the expected position is a position being determined based on the control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor used when no signal from the position determining device was received. 16. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the robotic lawnmower is configured to determine the position that should have been visited by extrapolating positions known to have signal reception. 17. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the robotic lawnmower is configured to calibrate the deduced reckoning navigation sensor based on the determined navigation error. 18. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the position determining device is an optical position determining device. 19. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the position determining device is a radio frequency position determining device. 20. The robotic lawnmower according to claim 1, wherein the position determining device is an ultrawideband beacon. 21. A method for operating a robotic lawnmower, said robotic lawnmower comprising a position determining device for determining a current position of the robotic lawnmower and at least one deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the deduced reckoning navigation sensor configured to provide signals for deduced reckoning navigation, the method comprising:
in response to the position device determining the current position of the robotic lawnmower, causing the robotic lawnmower to operate based on the current position retrieved from the position determining device; in response to the position determining device no longer being able to determine the current position, causing the robotic lawnmower to continue operating using the deduced reckoning navigation; determining that the position determining device is again able to determine the current position and in response thereto determining an expected navigation parameter based on control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor, the expected navigation parameter comprising an expected position and an expected direction of the robotic lawnmower; comparing the expected navigation parameter to a current navigation parameter to determine a navigation error, the current navigation parameter comprising the current position and a current direction of the robotic lawnmower; determining if the navigation error is negligible; in response to the navigation error not being negligible, causing the robotic lawnmower to change a trajectory to accommodate for the navigation error by aligning the trajectory with an expected trajectory, wherein the expected trajectory is determined as being along the expected direction originating from the expected position of the robotic lawnmower; and performing the change of the trajectory by returning to a position that has been passed and that should have been visited and aligning the trajectory with the expected direction originating from the expected position of the robotic lawnmower, the position that should have been visited being aligned with the expected direction originating from the expected position and not coinciding with the expected position, wherein the position that should have been visited is determined to be a point in an area in which navigation via the position determining device is not possible, or the position that should have been visited is a position where a signal from the position determining device could have been received again but along the expected trajectory. 22. The method according to claim 8, wherein the expected position is a position being determined based on the control data for the deduced reckoning navigation sensor used when no signal from the position determining device was received. 23. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises determining the position that should have been visited by extrapolating positions known to have signal reception. 24. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises calibrating the deduced reckoning navigation sensor based on the determined navigation error. 25. The method according to claim 8, wherein the position determining device is an optical position determining device. 26. The method according to claim 8, wherein the position determining device is a radio frequency position determining device. 27. The method according to claim 8, wherein the position determining device is an ultrawideband beacon. | 3,600 |
343,806 | 16,803,193 | 3,648 | An air system for use in an air bed system can include a manifold and one or more valves. The manifold can define a an inlet, an outlet, and a vent fluidically connected to atmosphere. A method of operating an air bed system can include deflating an air chamber through the vent in a first valve configuration and through the vent and an exhaust port in a second valve configuration. | 1. An air bed system comprising:
a mattress comprising a first inflatable air chamber; an air pump; and an air system comprising:
a manifold defining a pump inlet fluidly connected to the air pump, a first vent fluidly connected to atmosphere, and a first outlet fluidly connected to the first inflatable air chamber;
a first valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the first outlet,
wherein when the first valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the first outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through both the first vent and the first outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the first inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 2. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the mattress comprises a second inflatable air chamber, wherein the manifold defines a second outlet fluidly connected to the second inflatable air chamber, and wherein the air system comprises a second valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the second outlet. 3. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein when the second valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the second outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through the first vent and the second outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 4. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises a third valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 5. The air bed system of claim 4, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump and the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 6. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises an exhaust valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 7. The air bed system of claim 6, wherein the air system is operable to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via the first vent when the first valve is open and the exhaust valve is close and is operable to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via both the first vent and the exhaust port when the first valve and the exhaust valve are open. 8. The air bed of claim 6, and further comprising:
a controller in communication with the first valve and configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the exhaust valve to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and to send a second signal to open the first and exhaust valves to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 9. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein when the first valve is closed, the first inflatable air chamber is substantially sealed from the manifold and the pump inlet is in fluid communication with the first vent. 10. A method of operating an air bed system, the method comprising:
pumping air from a pump into a first inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through a vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a first valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through the vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the first valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through both the vent and a valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a second valve configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a first air chamber valve is open and an exhaust port valve is closed in the first valve configuration and wherein both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open in the second configuration. 12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising:
pumping air from the pump into a second inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through the first vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a third valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the second inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the third valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through both the first vent and the valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a fourth valve configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a second air chamber valve is closed in the first valve configuration and the second valve configuration, wherein the second air chamber valve is open and both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are closed in the third valve configuration, and wherein the second air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open and the first air chamber valve is closed in the fourth valve configuration. 14. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:
automatically deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the first valve configuration in response to sensing user presence on the air bed system and determining that pressure of the first inflatable air chamber should be reduced; and deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the second valve configuration in response to receiving a user input to deflate the first inflatable air chamber. 15. An air system for use in an air bed system, the air system comprising:
a manifold defining a manifold interior, a first vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, an exhaust port fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, a pump inlet configured for fluidly connecting a pump to the manifold interior, and first and second chamber outlets configured for fluidly connecting the manifold interior to first and second inflatable air chambers; a first valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the first chamber outlet; a second valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the second chamber outlet; and a third valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port. 16. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 17. The air system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the second and third valves to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and wherein the controller is configured to send a second signal to open the first and third valves without opening the second valve to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 18. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent has a diameter of between 0.005 inch and 0.04 inch and the exhaust port has a diameter of between 0.2 inch and 0.6 inch. 19. The air system of claim 15, wherein the exhaust port has an area about 400 times larger than that of the first vent. 20. The air system of claim 15, and further comprising a second vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, wherein the first and second vents extend through a top of the air manifold. | An air system for use in an air bed system can include a manifold and one or more valves. The manifold can define a an inlet, an outlet, and a vent fluidically connected to atmosphere. A method of operating an air bed system can include deflating an air chamber through the vent in a first valve configuration and through the vent and an exhaust port in a second valve configuration.1. An air bed system comprising:
a mattress comprising a first inflatable air chamber; an air pump; and an air system comprising:
a manifold defining a pump inlet fluidly connected to the air pump, a first vent fluidly connected to atmosphere, and a first outlet fluidly connected to the first inflatable air chamber;
a first valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the first outlet,
wherein when the first valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the first outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through both the first vent and the first outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the first inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 2. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the mattress comprises a second inflatable air chamber, wherein the manifold defines a second outlet fluidly connected to the second inflatable air chamber, and wherein the air system comprises a second valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the second outlet. 3. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein when the second valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the second outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through the first vent and the second outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 4. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises a third valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 5. The air bed system of claim 4, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump and the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 6. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises an exhaust valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 7. The air bed system of claim 6, wherein the air system is operable to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via the first vent when the first valve is open and the exhaust valve is close and is operable to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via both the first vent and the exhaust port when the first valve and the exhaust valve are open. 8. The air bed of claim 6, and further comprising:
a controller in communication with the first valve and configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the exhaust valve to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and to send a second signal to open the first and exhaust valves to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 9. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein when the first valve is closed, the first inflatable air chamber is substantially sealed from the manifold and the pump inlet is in fluid communication with the first vent. 10. A method of operating an air bed system, the method comprising:
pumping air from a pump into a first inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through a vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a first valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through the vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the first valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through both the vent and a valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a second valve configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a first air chamber valve is open and an exhaust port valve is closed in the first valve configuration and wherein both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open in the second configuration. 12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising:
pumping air from the pump into a second inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through the first vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a third valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the second inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the third valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through both the first vent and the valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a fourth valve configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a second air chamber valve is closed in the first valve configuration and the second valve configuration, wherein the second air chamber valve is open and both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are closed in the third valve configuration, and wherein the second air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open and the first air chamber valve is closed in the fourth valve configuration. 14. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:
automatically deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the first valve configuration in response to sensing user presence on the air bed system and determining that pressure of the first inflatable air chamber should be reduced; and deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the second valve configuration in response to receiving a user input to deflate the first inflatable air chamber. 15. An air system for use in an air bed system, the air system comprising:
a manifold defining a manifold interior, a first vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, an exhaust port fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, a pump inlet configured for fluidly connecting a pump to the manifold interior, and first and second chamber outlets configured for fluidly connecting the manifold interior to first and second inflatable air chambers; a first valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the first chamber outlet; a second valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the second chamber outlet; and a third valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port. 16. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 17. The air system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the second and third valves to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and wherein the controller is configured to send a second signal to open the first and third valves without opening the second valve to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 18. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent has a diameter of between 0.005 inch and 0.04 inch and the exhaust port has a diameter of between 0.2 inch and 0.6 inch. 19. The air system of claim 15, wherein the exhaust port has an area about 400 times larger than that of the first vent. 20. The air system of claim 15, and further comprising a second vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, wherein the first and second vents extend through a top of the air manifold. | 3,600 |
343,807 | 16,803,272 | 3,648 | An air system for use in an air bed system can include a manifold and one or more valves. The manifold can define a an inlet, an outlet, and a vent fluidically connected to atmosphere. A method of operating an air bed system can include deflating an air chamber through the vent in a first valve configuration and through the vent and an exhaust port in a second valve configuration. | 1. An air bed system comprising:
a mattress comprising a first inflatable air chamber; an air pump; and an air system comprising:
a manifold defining a pump inlet fluidly connected to the air pump, a first vent fluidly connected to atmosphere, and a first outlet fluidly connected to the first inflatable air chamber;
a first valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the first outlet,
wherein when the first valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the first outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through both the first vent and the first outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the first inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 2. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the mattress comprises a second inflatable air chamber, wherein the manifold defines a second outlet fluidly connected to the second inflatable air chamber, and wherein the air system comprises a second valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the second outlet. 3. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein when the second valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the second outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through the first vent and the second outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 4. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises a third valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 5. The air bed system of claim 4, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump and the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 6. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises an exhaust valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 7. The air bed system of claim 6, wherein the air system is operable to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via the first vent when the first valve is open and the exhaust valve is close and is operable to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via both the first vent and the exhaust port when the first valve and the exhaust valve are open. 8. The air bed of claim 6, and further comprising:
a controller in communication with the first valve and configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the exhaust valve to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and to send a second signal to open the first and exhaust valves to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 9. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein when the first valve is closed, the first inflatable air chamber is substantially sealed from the manifold and the pump inlet is in fluid communication with the first vent. 10. A method of operating an air bed system, the method comprising:
pumping air from a pump into a first inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through a vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a first valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through the vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the first valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through both the vent and a valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a second valve configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a first air chamber valve is open and an exhaust port valve is closed in the first valve configuration and wherein both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open in the second configuration. 12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising:
pumping air from the pump into a second inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through the first vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a third valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the second inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the third valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through both the first vent and the valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a fourth valve configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a second air chamber valve is closed in the first valve configuration and the second valve configuration, wherein the second air chamber valve is open and both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are closed in the third valve configuration, and wherein the second air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open and the first air chamber valve is closed in the fourth valve configuration. 14. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:
automatically deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the first valve configuration in response to sensing user presence on the air bed system and determining that pressure of the first inflatable air chamber should be reduced; and deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the second valve configuration in response to receiving a user input to deflate the first inflatable air chamber. 15. An air system for use in an air bed system, the air system comprising:
a manifold defining a manifold interior, a first vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, an exhaust port fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, a pump inlet configured for fluidly connecting a pump to the manifold interior, and first and second chamber outlets configured for fluidly connecting the manifold interior to first and second inflatable air chambers; a first valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the first chamber outlet; a second valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the second chamber outlet; and a third valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port. 16. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 17. The air system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the second and third valves to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and wherein the controller is configured to send a second signal to open the first and third valves without opening the second valve to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 18. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent has a diameter of between 0.005 inch and 0.04 inch and the exhaust port has a diameter of between 0.2 inch and 0.6 inch. 19. The air system of claim 15, wherein the exhaust port has an area about 400 times larger than that of the first vent. 20. The air system of claim 15, and further comprising a second vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, wherein the first and second vents extend through a top of the air manifold. | An air system for use in an air bed system can include a manifold and one or more valves. The manifold can define a an inlet, an outlet, and a vent fluidically connected to atmosphere. A method of operating an air bed system can include deflating an air chamber through the vent in a first valve configuration and through the vent and an exhaust port in a second valve configuration.1. An air bed system comprising:
a mattress comprising a first inflatable air chamber; an air pump; and an air system comprising:
a manifold defining a pump inlet fluidly connected to the air pump, a first vent fluidly connected to atmosphere, and a first outlet fluidly connected to the first inflatable air chamber;
a first valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the first outlet,
wherein when the first valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the first outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through both the first vent and the first outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the first inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 2. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the mattress comprises a second inflatable air chamber, wherein the manifold defines a second outlet fluidly connected to the second inflatable air chamber, and wherein the air system comprises a second valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the second outlet. 3. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein when the second valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the second outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through the first vent and the second outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 4. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises a third valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 5. The air bed system of claim 4, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump and the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 6. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises an exhaust valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 7. The air bed system of claim 6, wherein the air system is operable to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via the first vent when the first valve is open and the exhaust valve is close and is operable to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via both the first vent and the exhaust port when the first valve and the exhaust valve are open. 8. The air bed of claim 6, and further comprising:
a controller in communication with the first valve and configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the exhaust valve to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and to send a second signal to open the first and exhaust valves to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 9. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein when the first valve is closed, the first inflatable air chamber is substantially sealed from the manifold and the pump inlet is in fluid communication with the first vent. 10. A method of operating an air bed system, the method comprising:
pumping air from a pump into a first inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through a vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a first valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through the vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the first valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through both the vent and a valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a second valve configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a first air chamber valve is open and an exhaust port valve is closed in the first valve configuration and wherein both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open in the second configuration. 12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising:
pumping air from the pump into a second inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through the first vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a third valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the second inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the third valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through both the first vent and the valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a fourth valve configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a second air chamber valve is closed in the first valve configuration and the second valve configuration, wherein the second air chamber valve is open and both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are closed in the third valve configuration, and wherein the second air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open and the first air chamber valve is closed in the fourth valve configuration. 14. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:
automatically deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the first valve configuration in response to sensing user presence on the air bed system and determining that pressure of the first inflatable air chamber should be reduced; and deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the second valve configuration in response to receiving a user input to deflate the first inflatable air chamber. 15. An air system for use in an air bed system, the air system comprising:
a manifold defining a manifold interior, a first vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, an exhaust port fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, a pump inlet configured for fluidly connecting a pump to the manifold interior, and first and second chamber outlets configured for fluidly connecting the manifold interior to first and second inflatable air chambers; a first valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the first chamber outlet; a second valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the second chamber outlet; and a third valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port. 16. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 17. The air system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the second and third valves to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and wherein the controller is configured to send a second signal to open the first and third valves without opening the second valve to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 18. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent has a diameter of between 0.005 inch and 0.04 inch and the exhaust port has a diameter of between 0.2 inch and 0.6 inch. 19. The air system of claim 15, wherein the exhaust port has an area about 400 times larger than that of the first vent. 20. The air system of claim 15, and further comprising a second vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, wherein the first and second vents extend through a top of the air manifold. | 3,600 |
343,808 | 16,803,187 | 3,648 | An air system for use in an air bed system can include a manifold and one or more valves. The manifold can define a an inlet, an outlet, and a vent fluidically connected to atmosphere. A method of operating an air bed system can include deflating an air chamber through the vent in a first valve configuration and through the vent and an exhaust port in a second valve configuration. | 1. An air bed system comprising:
a mattress comprising a first inflatable air chamber; an air pump; and an air system comprising:
a manifold defining a pump inlet fluidly connected to the air pump, a first vent fluidly connected to atmosphere, and a first outlet fluidly connected to the first inflatable air chamber;
a first valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the first outlet,
wherein when the first valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the first outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through both the first vent and the first outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the first inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 2. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the mattress comprises a second inflatable air chamber, wherein the manifold defines a second outlet fluidly connected to the second inflatable air chamber, and wherein the air system comprises a second valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the second outlet. 3. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein when the second valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the second outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through the first vent and the second outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 4. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises a third valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 5. The air bed system of claim 4, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump and the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 6. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises an exhaust valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 7. The air bed system of claim 6, wherein the air system is operable to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via the first vent when the first valve is open and the exhaust valve is close and is operable to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via both the first vent and the exhaust port when the first valve and the exhaust valve are open. 8. The air bed of claim 6, and further comprising:
a controller in communication with the first valve and configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the exhaust valve to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and to send a second signal to open the first and exhaust valves to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 9. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein when the first valve is closed, the first inflatable air chamber is substantially sealed from the manifold and the pump inlet is in fluid communication with the first vent. 10. A method of operating an air bed system, the method comprising:
pumping air from a pump into a first inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through a vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a first valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through the vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the first valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through both the vent and a valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a second valve configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a first air chamber valve is open and an exhaust port valve is closed in the first valve configuration and wherein both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open in the second configuration. 12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising:
pumping air from the pump into a second inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through the first vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a third valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the second inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the third valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through both the first vent and the valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a fourth valve configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a second air chamber valve is closed in the first valve configuration and the second valve configuration, wherein the second air chamber valve is open and both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are closed in the third valve configuration, and wherein the second air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open and the first air chamber valve is closed in the fourth valve configuration. 14. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:
automatically deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the first valve configuration in response to sensing user presence on the air bed system and determining that pressure of the first inflatable air chamber should be reduced; and deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the second valve configuration in response to receiving a user input to deflate the first inflatable air chamber. 15. An air system for use in an air bed system, the air system comprising:
a manifold defining a manifold interior, a first vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, an exhaust port fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, a pump inlet configured for fluidly connecting a pump to the manifold interior, and first and second chamber outlets configured for fluidly connecting the manifold interior to first and second inflatable air chambers; a first valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the first chamber outlet; a second valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the second chamber outlet; and a third valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port. 16. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 17. The air system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the second and third valves to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and wherein the controller is configured to send a second signal to open the first and third valves without opening the second valve to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 18. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent has a diameter of between 0.005 inch and 0.04 inch and the exhaust port has a diameter of between 0.2 inch and 0.6 inch. 19. The air system of claim 15, wherein the exhaust port has an area about 400 times larger than that of the first vent. 20. The air system of claim 15, and further comprising a second vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, wherein the first and second vents extend through a top of the air manifold. | An air system for use in an air bed system can include a manifold and one or more valves. The manifold can define a an inlet, an outlet, and a vent fluidically connected to atmosphere. A method of operating an air bed system can include deflating an air chamber through the vent in a first valve configuration and through the vent and an exhaust port in a second valve configuration.1. An air bed system comprising:
a mattress comprising a first inflatable air chamber; an air pump; and an air system comprising:
a manifold defining a pump inlet fluidly connected to the air pump, a first vent fluidly connected to atmosphere, and a first outlet fluidly connected to the first inflatable air chamber;
a first valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the first outlet,
wherein when the first valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the first outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through both the first vent and the first outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the first inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 2. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the mattress comprises a second inflatable air chamber, wherein the manifold defines a second outlet fluidly connected to the second inflatable air chamber, and wherein the air system comprises a second valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the second outlet. 3. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein when the second valve is open, the air pump is fluidly connected to both the first vent and the second outlet such that air pumped from the air pump into the manifold can flow out of the manifold through the first vent and the second outlet when the pump is operating and air can flow from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to the atmosphere when the pump is not operating. 4. The air bed system of claim 2, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises a third valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 5. The air bed system of claim 4, wherein the pump is a positive displacement pump and the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 6. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein the manifold further defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to atmosphere and wherein the air system comprises an exhaust valve operably connected to the manifold to selectively open and close the exhaust port. 7. The air bed system of claim 6, wherein the air system is operable to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via the first vent when the first valve is open and the exhaust valve is close and is operable to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber via both the first vent and the exhaust port when the first valve and the exhaust valve are open. 8. The air bed of claim 6, and further comprising:
a controller in communication with the first valve and configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the exhaust valve to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and to send a second signal to open the first and exhaust valves to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 9. The air bed system of claim 1, wherein when the first valve is closed, the first inflatable air chamber is substantially sealed from the manifold and the pump inlet is in fluid communication with the first vent. 10. A method of operating an air bed system, the method comprising:
pumping air from a pump into a first inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through a vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a first valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through the vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the first valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the first inflatable air chamber through both the vent and a valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the first inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a second valve configuration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a first air chamber valve is open and an exhaust port valve is closed in the first valve configuration and wherein both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open in the second configuration. 12. The method of claim 10, the method further comprising:
pumping air from the pump into a second inflatable air chamber of the air bed system and through the first vent to atmosphere when the air bed system has a third valve configuration and the pump is operating; flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through the first vent to atmosphere to slowly deflate the second inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has the third valve configuration and the pump is not operating; and flowing air from the second inflatable air chamber through both the first vent and the valved exhaust port to atmosphere to quickly deflate the inflatable air chamber when the air bed system has a fourth valve configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a second air chamber valve is closed in the first valve configuration and the second valve configuration, wherein the second air chamber valve is open and both of the first air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are closed in the third valve configuration, and wherein the second air chamber valve and the exhaust port valve are open and the first air chamber valve is closed in the fourth valve configuration. 14. The method of claim 12, the method further comprising:
automatically deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the first valve configuration in response to sensing user presence on the air bed system and determining that pressure of the first inflatable air chamber should be reduced; and deflating the first inflatable air chamber in the second valve configuration in response to receiving a user input to deflate the first inflatable air chamber. 15. An air system for use in an air bed system, the air system comprising:
a manifold defining a manifold interior, a first vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, an exhaust port fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, a pump inlet configured for fluidly connecting a pump to the manifold interior, and first and second chamber outlets configured for fluidly connecting the manifold interior to first and second inflatable air chambers; a first valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the first chamber outlet; a second valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the second chamber outlet; and a third valve operably connected to the manifold for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port. 16. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent is non-valved and remains open during substantially all operating conditions regardless of the position of the first, second, and third valves. 17. The air system of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to send a first signal to open the first valve without opening the second and third valves to allow for slower deflation of the first inflatable air chamber and wherein the controller is configured to send a second signal to open the first and third valves without opening the second valve to allow for faster deflation of the first inflatable air chamber. 18. The air system of claim 15, wherein the first vent has a diameter of between 0.005 inch and 0.04 inch and the exhaust port has a diameter of between 0.2 inch and 0.6 inch. 19. The air system of claim 15, wherein the exhaust port has an area about 400 times larger than that of the first vent. 20. The air system of claim 15, and further comprising a second vent fluidly connecting the manifold interior to atmosphere, wherein the first and second vents extend through a top of the air manifold. | 3,600 |
343,809 | 16,803,273 | 3,648 | An actuator is configured such that a first film body and a second film body are stacked on each other. The first film body includes a first dielectric elastomer film and a first electrode layer provided on a surface of the first dielectric elastomer film. The second film body includes a second dielectric elastomer film and a second electrode layer provided on a surface of the second dielectric elastomer film. The electrode layer included in at least one of the first film body and the second film body includes a plurality of linear electrodes extending in a first direction and provided at intervals in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. | 1. An actuator comprising:
a first film body including a first dielectric elastomer film and a first electrode layer provided on a surface of the first dielectric elastomer film; and a second film body including a second dielectric elastomer film and a second electrode layer provided on a surface of the second dielectric elastomer film, wherein: the actuator is configured such that the first film body and the second film body are stacked on each other; and the electrode layer included in at least one of the first film body and the second film body includes a plurality of linear electrodes extending in a first direction and provided at intervals in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 2. The actuator according to claim 1, wherein the first film body and the second film body are rolled while the first film body and the second film body are stacked on each other. 3. The actuator according to claim 2, wherein the first film body and the second film body are rolled such that the first direction coincides with a direction in which the first film body and the second film body are rolled while the first film body and the second film body are stacked on each other. 4. The actuator according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer includes the plurality of linear electrodes extending in the first direction, a first connection electrode connecting a first end of one of the linear electrodes and a first end of another one of the linear electrodes that is adjacent to the one of the linear electrodes on one side, and a second connection electrode connecting a second end of the one of the linear electrodes and a second end of yet another one of the linear electrodes that is adjacent to the one of the linear electrodes on the other side. | An actuator is configured such that a first film body and a second film body are stacked on each other. The first film body includes a first dielectric elastomer film and a first electrode layer provided on a surface of the first dielectric elastomer film. The second film body includes a second dielectric elastomer film and a second electrode layer provided on a surface of the second dielectric elastomer film. The electrode layer included in at least one of the first film body and the second film body includes a plurality of linear electrodes extending in a first direction and provided at intervals in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction.1. An actuator comprising:
a first film body including a first dielectric elastomer film and a first electrode layer provided on a surface of the first dielectric elastomer film; and a second film body including a second dielectric elastomer film and a second electrode layer provided on a surface of the second dielectric elastomer film, wherein: the actuator is configured such that the first film body and the second film body are stacked on each other; and the electrode layer included in at least one of the first film body and the second film body includes a plurality of linear electrodes extending in a first direction and provided at intervals in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 2. The actuator according to claim 1, wherein the first film body and the second film body are rolled while the first film body and the second film body are stacked on each other. 3. The actuator according to claim 2, wherein the first film body and the second film body are rolled such that the first direction coincides with a direction in which the first film body and the second film body are rolled while the first film body and the second film body are stacked on each other. 4. The actuator according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer includes the plurality of linear electrodes extending in the first direction, a first connection electrode connecting a first end of one of the linear electrodes and a first end of another one of the linear electrodes that is adjacent to the one of the linear electrodes on one side, and a second connection electrode connecting a second end of the one of the linear electrodes and a second end of yet another one of the linear electrodes that is adjacent to the one of the linear electrodes on the other side. | 3,600 |
343,810 | 16,803,254 | 3,648 | An active suspension system comprises at least one biasing device configured to support a body from a structure, and at least one motor. A magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatus(es) is coupled to the at least one motor to receive torque from the motor, the MR fluid clutch apparatus controllable to transmit a variable amount of torque. A mechanism is between the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus and the body to convert the torque received from the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus into a force on the body. Sensor(s) provide information indicative of a state of the body or structure. A controller receives the information indicative of the state of the body or structure and for outputting a signal to control the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus in exerting a desired force on the body to control movement of the body according to a desired movement behavior. | 1. A vehicle comprising:
a chassis; wheel assemblies; an active steering system connecting at least a pair of said wheel assemblies to the chassis by steering members, the active steering system including at least one motor, at least one magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatus coupled to the at least one motor to receive torque from the motor, the MR fluid clutch apparatus controllable to transmit a variable amount of torque, a mechanism between the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus and one of the steering members to convert the torque received from the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus into a force on the steering member, at least one sensor for providing information indicative of a state of the vehicle, and a controller for receiving the information indicative of the state of the vehicle and for outputting a signal to control the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus in exerting a desired force on the steering member to adjust the wheel position or orientation independently of a steering input. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the steering members are displaceable in translation, the mechanism being coupled to the steering member for the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus to exert the desired force to displaceable the steering member in translation. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, comprising one said active steering system for one of the wheel assemblies on a first side of the vehicle, and comprising another one of said active steering system for one of the wheel assemblies on a second side of the vehicle, the active steering systems being selectively independent from one another, for at least one of the front wheel assemblies and the rear wheel assemblies of the vehicle. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism adjusts a length of the steering member in at least one direction. 5. The vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the steering member is at least one suspension link. 6. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein at least one wheel assembly is connected to the chassis by a pair of the suspension link, and wherein each of the pair of the suspension link is part of one of the mechanisms. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism includes a hydraulic network comprising at least one hydraulic conduit between the MR fluid clutch apparatus to adjusts a length of the steering member in at least one direction. 8. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the hydraulic network comprises a biased piston system in fluid communication with the hydraulic conduit to maintain a fluid pressure in the hydraulic conduit via a basing of the piston. 9. The vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the biased piston system is located distally from the wheel assembly. 10. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the hydraulic network comprises two of the hydraulic conduit to adjust a length of the steering member in two directions. 11. The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein a first of the two hydraulic conduits is connected to the linkage via the biased piston system, and a second of the two hydraulic conduits is directly connected to the linkage. 12. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the active steering system has two of said magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatuses sharing one of said motor. 13. The vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the mechanism is a rotary-to-linear device. 14. A dynamic motion control device comprising:
a structure; a body coupled to the structure; at least one motor; at least one magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatus coupled to the at least one motor to receive torque from the motor, the MR fluid clutch apparatus controllable to transmit a variable amount of torque; a mechanism between the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus and the body to convert the torque received from the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus into a force on the body; at least one sensor for providing information indicative of a state of the body or structure; and a controller for receiving the information indicative of the state of the body or structure and for outputting a signal to control the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus in exerting a desired force on the body to control movement of the body according to a desired movement behavior. 15. The dynamic motion control device according to claim 14, comprising two of the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus receiving torque from the at least one motor, the two MR fluid clutch apparatuses outputting torque in opposite directions to cause a reciprocating movement of the body via the mechanism. 16. The dynamic motion control device according to claim 14, comprising multiple of the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus receiving torque from the at least one motor, the multiple MR fluid clutch apparatuses outputting torque in order to apply force on multiple degrees of freedom of the body via one or multiple mechanism. | An active suspension system comprises at least one biasing device configured to support a body from a structure, and at least one motor. A magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatus(es) is coupled to the at least one motor to receive torque from the motor, the MR fluid clutch apparatus controllable to transmit a variable amount of torque. A mechanism is between the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus and the body to convert the torque received from the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus into a force on the body. Sensor(s) provide information indicative of a state of the body or structure. A controller receives the information indicative of the state of the body or structure and for outputting a signal to control the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus in exerting a desired force on the body to control movement of the body according to a desired movement behavior.1. A vehicle comprising:
a chassis; wheel assemblies; an active steering system connecting at least a pair of said wheel assemblies to the chassis by steering members, the active steering system including at least one motor, at least one magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatus coupled to the at least one motor to receive torque from the motor, the MR fluid clutch apparatus controllable to transmit a variable amount of torque, a mechanism between the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus and one of the steering members to convert the torque received from the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus into a force on the steering member, at least one sensor for providing information indicative of a state of the vehicle, and a controller for receiving the information indicative of the state of the vehicle and for outputting a signal to control the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus in exerting a desired force on the steering member to adjust the wheel position or orientation independently of a steering input. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the steering members are displaceable in translation, the mechanism being coupled to the steering member for the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus to exert the desired force to displaceable the steering member in translation. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, comprising one said active steering system for one of the wheel assemblies on a first side of the vehicle, and comprising another one of said active steering system for one of the wheel assemblies on a second side of the vehicle, the active steering systems being selectively independent from one another, for at least one of the front wheel assemblies and the rear wheel assemblies of the vehicle. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism adjusts a length of the steering member in at least one direction. 5. The vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the steering member is at least one suspension link. 6. The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein at least one wheel assembly is connected to the chassis by a pair of the suspension link, and wherein each of the pair of the suspension link is part of one of the mechanisms. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism includes a hydraulic network comprising at least one hydraulic conduit between the MR fluid clutch apparatus to adjusts a length of the steering member in at least one direction. 8. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the hydraulic network comprises a biased piston system in fluid communication with the hydraulic conduit to maintain a fluid pressure in the hydraulic conduit via a basing of the piston. 9. The vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the biased piston system is located distally from the wheel assembly. 10. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the hydraulic network comprises two of the hydraulic conduit to adjust a length of the steering member in two directions. 11. The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein a first of the two hydraulic conduits is connected to the linkage via the biased piston system, and a second of the two hydraulic conduits is directly connected to the linkage. 12. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the active steering system has two of said magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatuses sharing one of said motor. 13. The vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the mechanism is a rotary-to-linear device. 14. A dynamic motion control device comprising:
a structure; a body coupled to the structure; at least one motor; at least one magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch apparatus coupled to the at least one motor to receive torque from the motor, the MR fluid clutch apparatus controllable to transmit a variable amount of torque; a mechanism between the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus and the body to convert the torque received from the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus into a force on the body; at least one sensor for providing information indicative of a state of the body or structure; and a controller for receiving the information indicative of the state of the body or structure and for outputting a signal to control the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus in exerting a desired force on the body to control movement of the body according to a desired movement behavior. 15. The dynamic motion control device according to claim 14, comprising two of the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus receiving torque from the at least one motor, the two MR fluid clutch apparatuses outputting torque in opposite directions to cause a reciprocating movement of the body via the mechanism. 16. The dynamic motion control device according to claim 14, comprising multiple of the at least one MR fluid clutch apparatus receiving torque from the at least one motor, the multiple MR fluid clutch apparatuses outputting torque in order to apply force on multiple degrees of freedom of the body via one or multiple mechanism. | 3,600 |
343,811 | 16,803,178 | 3,648 | In a wireless communication system, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) is encoded based on a Polar code and then is transmitted. Half-frame information within the PBCH is mapped to a bit position 247 among bit positions of the Polar code and synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index information within the PBCH is mapped to bit positions 253, 254, and 255 of the Polar code. | 1. A base station configured to transmit a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising:
a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: mapping information bits for the PBCH to input bit positions of a Polar code of size N=512, based on a Polar sequence; encoding the information bits based on the Polar code; and transmitting the PBCH based on the encoded information bits, wherein the information bits for the PBCH include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, wherein mapping the information bits for the PBCH to input bit positions of the Polar code further comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code based on the Polar sequence, and mapping the 3 bits related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code based on the Polar sequence. 2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 3. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 4. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the information bits for the PBCH further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein mapping the information bits for the PBCH to input bit positions of the Polar code further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 5. The base station according to claim 1, wherein transmitting the PBCH comprises:
transmitting the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. 6. A user equipment configured to receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in a wireless communication system, the user equipment comprising:
a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving the PBCH; and decoding the PBCH the PBCH based on a Polar code of size N=512 to obtain information bits, wherein decoding the PBCH comprises decoding the PBCH based on a mapping relationship between the information bits and input bit positions of the Polar code, wherein the information bits include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, and wherein the mapping relationship comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code, and mapping the 3 bit related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code. 7. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 8. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 9. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein the information bits further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein the mapping relationship further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 10. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein receiving the PBCH comprises:
receiving the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. 11. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising,
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving the PBCH; and decoding the PBCH the PBCH based on a Polar code of size N=512 to obtain information bits, wherein decoding the PBCH comprises decoding the PBCH based on a mapping relationship between the information bits and input bit positions of the Polar code, wherein the information bits include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, and wherein the mapping relationship comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code, and mapping the 3 bit related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the information bits further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein the mapping relationship further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein receiving the PBCH comprises:
receiving the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. 16. A computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving the PBCH; and decoding the PBCH the PBCH based on a Polar code of size N=512 to obtain information bits, wherein decoding the PBCH comprises decoding the PBCH based on a mapping relationship between the information bits and input bit positions of the Polar code, wherein the information bits include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, and wherein the mapping relationship comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code, and mapping the 3 bit related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code. 17. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 18. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 19. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the information bits further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein the mapping relationship further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 20. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein receiving the PBCH comprises:
receiving the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. | In a wireless communication system, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) is encoded based on a Polar code and then is transmitted. Half-frame information within the PBCH is mapped to a bit position 247 among bit positions of the Polar code and synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index information within the PBCH is mapped to bit positions 253, 254, and 255 of the Polar code.1. A base station configured to transmit a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising:
a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: mapping information bits for the PBCH to input bit positions of a Polar code of size N=512, based on a Polar sequence; encoding the information bits based on the Polar code; and transmitting the PBCH based on the encoded information bits, wherein the information bits for the PBCH include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, wherein mapping the information bits for the PBCH to input bit positions of the Polar code further comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code based on the Polar sequence, and mapping the 3 bits related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code based on the Polar sequence. 2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 3. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 4. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the information bits for the PBCH further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein mapping the information bits for the PBCH to input bit positions of the Polar code further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 5. The base station according to claim 1, wherein transmitting the PBCH comprises:
transmitting the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. 6. A user equipment configured to receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in a wireless communication system, the user equipment comprising:
a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving the PBCH; and decoding the PBCH the PBCH based on a Polar code of size N=512 to obtain information bits, wherein decoding the PBCH comprises decoding the PBCH based on a mapping relationship between the information bits and input bit positions of the Polar code, wherein the information bits include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, and wherein the mapping relationship comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code, and mapping the 3 bit related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code. 7. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 8. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 9. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein the information bits further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein the mapping relationship further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 10. The user equipment according to claim 6, wherein receiving the PBCH comprises:
receiving the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. 11. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising,
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving the PBCH; and decoding the PBCH the PBCH based on a Polar code of size N=512 to obtain information bits, wherein decoding the PBCH comprises decoding the PBCH based on a mapping relationship between the information bits and input bit positions of the Polar code, wherein the information bits include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, and wherein the mapping relationship comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code, and mapping the 3 bit related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the information bits further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein the mapping relationship further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein receiving the PBCH comprises:
receiving the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. 16. A computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving the PBCH; and decoding the PBCH the PBCH based on a Polar code of size N=512 to obtain information bits, wherein decoding the PBCH comprises decoding the PBCH based on a mapping relationship between the information bits and input bit positions of the Polar code, wherein the information bits include (i) 1 bit related to half-frame information and (ii) 3 bits related to a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) index, and wherein the mapping relationship comprises: mapping the 1 bit related to the half-frame information to input bit position 247 among input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code, and mapping the 3 bit related to the SSB index to input bit positions 253, 254, and 255 among the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code. 17. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the number of the information bits is 56. 18. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the Polar sequence includes a sequence with bit indexes 0 to 511 that arranges the input bit positions 0 to 511 of the Polar code in ascending order of reliability. 19. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the information bits further include 10 bits related to a system frame number (SFN) for a frame to which the PBCH belongs, and
wherein the mapping relationship further comprises: mapping the second and third least significant bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to input bit positions 441 and 469 of the Polar code, respectively, and mapping the other 8 bits of the 10 bits related to the SFN to bit positions 367, 375, 415, 444, 470, 473, 483 and 485 of the Polar code. 20. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein receiving the PBCH comprises:
receiving the PBCH with a demodulation reference signal for the PBCH. | 3,600 |
343,812 | 16,803,245 | 3,648 | Novel tools and techniques might provide for implementing combined broadband and wireless self-organizing network (“SON”) for provisioning of services. In some embodiments, a computing system might receive, from one or more first sensors and one or more second sensors, first operational states of fixed broadband network nodes and second operational states of wireless network nodes, respectively. The computing system might analyze the received first and second operational states, might determine an optimal network pathway and/or an optimal network backhaul pathway, and might establish the optimal network pathway and/or the optimal network backhaul pathway, through a determined combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, thereby implementing the combined broadband and wireless self-organizing network (“SON”) for provisioning of services. | 1. A method, comprising:
monitoring, with one or more first sensors, one or more first operational states of each of a plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between a service provider facility and a plurality of network interface devices located at a plurality of service areas; monitoring, with one or more second sensors, one or more second operational states of each of a plurality of wireless network nodes, the plurality of wireless network nodes comprising a plurality of wireless access points and a plurality of wireless endpoint devices, the plurality of wireless endpoint devices being located at the plurality of service areas; analyzing, with a computing system, the monitored one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the monitored one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes; determining, with the computing system, an optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based at least in part on the analysis of the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states, the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and establishing, with the computing system, the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, comprises sending, with the computing system, instructions to one or more intermediary network switches to direct broadband traffic along the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices to provide broadband service to the one or more wireless endpoint devices. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining and establishing the optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes are performed differently for different types of network services provided. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, with the computing system, one or more optimal network backhaul pathways to the service provider facility, through a determined second combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based on the analysis of the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states, the determined second combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising at least one fixed broadband network node of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and at least one wireless network node of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and establishing, with the computing system, the determined one or more optimal network backhaul pathways from the at least one wireless endpoint device to the service provider facility, through the determined second combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states each comprises bandwidth usage and bandwidth capacity, wherein determining the one or more optimal network backhaul pathways comprises determining, with the computing system, the one or more optimal network backhaul pathways based on available bandwidth exceeding subscribed-to bandwidth for each of a plurality of customers. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein establishing the determined one or more optimal network backhaul pathways from the at least one wireless endpoint device to the service provider facility comprises sending, with the computing system, instructions to intermediary network switches to direct backhaul traffic along the determined one or more optimal network backhaul pathways from the at least one wireless endpoint device to the service provider facility to provide backhaul service. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the optimal network pathway and determining the one or more optimal network backhaul pathways are initiated in response to each of one or more trigger events. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more trigger events each comprises one of a sudden statistically significant change in network performance characteristics, a change in network performance characteristics that exceed predetermined threshold levels, a seasonal change in wireless propagation characteristics, a weather-related change in wireless propagation characteristics, a network service fault at one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes, a network service fault at one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes, a completed sales transaction with a customer for provisioning of network services to the customer, or a change in network usage that exceeds specified levels. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes are associated with fixed broadband services comprising at least one of a passive optical network (“PON”) service, a gigabit PON (“GPON”) service, an Ethernet fiber line service, an Ethernet PON (“EPON”) service, a next generation PON (“NGPON”) service, a second generation NGPON or 40 Gigabit-capable PON (“NGPON2”) service, a digital subscriber line (“DSL”) service, an asymmetric DSL (“ADSL”) service, a symmetric DSL (“SDSL”) service, a high speed voice and data link service, a rate-adaptive DSL (“RADSL”) service, a very high bit rate DSL (“VDSL,” “VDSL2,” or “VDSL2-Vplus”), a uni-DSL (“UDSL”) service, a frequency division vectoring service, a microwave radio service, a millimeter-wave radio service, a free-space optical service, a data over cable service interface specification (“DOCSIS”)-based cable service, or a fixed backhaul wireless service. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of wireless network nodes are associated with wireless communications comprising at least one of machine-to-machine Internet of Things (“IoT”) communications, Bluetooth communications, Z-wave communications, ZigBee communications, WiFi communications, or cellular network communications. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
repeating the processes of:
monitoring the one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes;
monitoring the one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and
analyzing the monitored one or more first operations states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the monitored one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
determining, with the computing system, a second optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined third combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based on the repeated analysis of the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states; determining, with the computing system, whether the optimal network pathway and the second optimal network pathway are different; and based on a determination that the optimal network pathway and the second optimal network pathway are different, establishing, with the computing system, the determined second optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined third combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one fixed broadband network node of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes comprises at least one first sensor of the one or more first sensors, wherein the at least one first sensor monitors the one or more first operational states of each of one or more adjacent fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes, wherein at least one wireless network node of the plurality of wireless network nodes comprises at least one second sensor of the one or more second sensors, wherein the at least one second sensor monitors the one or more second operational states of each of one or more adjacent wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the one or more first operational states comprises obtaining information comprising at least one of available bandwidth, number of operational splitters, location information, type of fixed broadband network, loop qualification information, loop length, port speed audit information, train rate information, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) vectoring rate information, maximum available bit rates, current synchronization rates, tone utilization information, line code violation information, or upstream and downstream forward error correction (“FEC”) information. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the one or more second operational states comprises obtaining information comprising at least one of power levels, channel width, channel number, frequency of use of each channel, antenna elements, modulation coding scheme information, signal preconditioning, or cyclic prefix, wherein the modulation coding scheme information comprises at least one of modulation level, forward error correction (“FEC”) type, or multiple-input multiple-output (“MIMO”) rank. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the optimal network pathway comprises determining, with the computing system, the optimal network pathway to optimize at least one of coverage, capacity, latency, load balancing, privilege of a given area, mobility robustness, or key performance characteristics of the combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the optimal network pathway comprises determining, with the computing system, one or more parameters to adjust in each of one or more of at least one fixed broadband network node of the plurality of fixed broadband network node or at least one wireless network node of the plurality of wireless network node to optimize at least one of coverage, capacity, latency, load balancing, privilege of a given area, mobility robustness, or key performance characteristics of the combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, and wherein establishing the determined optimal network pathway comprises adjusting, with the computing system, the determined one or more parameters in each of one or more of the at least one fixed broadband network node or the at least one wireless network node. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of bandwidth, train rate, tone being used, power levels, channel width, channel number, frequency of use, antenna element parameters, modulation coding scheme, signal preconditioning parameters, or cyclic prefix, wherein the modulation coding scheme includes at least one of modulation level, forward error correction (“FEC”) type, or multiple-input multiple-output (“MIMO”) rank. 18. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer software comprising a set of instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the apparatus to:
receive, from one or more first sensors, information regarding one or more first operational states of each of a plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between a service provider facility and a plurality of network interface devices located at a plurality of service areas;
receive, from one or more second sensors, information regarding one or more second operational states of each of a plurality of wireless network nodes, the plurality of wireless network nodes comprising a plurality of wireless access points and a plurality of wireless endpoint devices, the plurality of wireless endpoint devices being located at the plurality of service areas;
analyze the received information regarding the one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
determine an optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based at least in part on the analysis of the received information regarding the one or more first operational states and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states, the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and
establish the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 19. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus comprises one of a server computer located at the service provider facility, a distributed computing system, at least one of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes, or at least one of the plurality of wireless network nodes. 20. A system, comprising:
one or more first sensors that monitor one or more first operational states of each of a plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between a service provider facility and a plurality of network interface devices located at a plurality of service areas; one or more second sensors that monitor one or more second operational states of each of a plurality of wireless network nodes, the plurality of wireless network nodes comprising a plurality of wireless access points and a plurality of wireless endpoint devices, the plurality of wireless endpoint devices being located at the plurality of service areas; and a computing system, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a non-transitory computer readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer software comprising a set of instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the computing system to:
receive, from the one or more first sensors, information regarding one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between the service provider facility and the plurality of network interface devices located at the plurality of service areas;
receive, from the one or more second sensors, information regarding one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
analyze the received information regarding the one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
determine an optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based at least in part on the analysis of the received information regarding the one or more first operational states and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states, the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and
establish the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. | Novel tools and techniques might provide for implementing combined broadband and wireless self-organizing network (“SON”) for provisioning of services. In some embodiments, a computing system might receive, from one or more first sensors and one or more second sensors, first operational states of fixed broadband network nodes and second operational states of wireless network nodes, respectively. The computing system might analyze the received first and second operational states, might determine an optimal network pathway and/or an optimal network backhaul pathway, and might establish the optimal network pathway and/or the optimal network backhaul pathway, through a determined combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, thereby implementing the combined broadband and wireless self-organizing network (“SON”) for provisioning of services.1. A method, comprising:
monitoring, with one or more first sensors, one or more first operational states of each of a plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between a service provider facility and a plurality of network interface devices located at a plurality of service areas; monitoring, with one or more second sensors, one or more second operational states of each of a plurality of wireless network nodes, the plurality of wireless network nodes comprising a plurality of wireless access points and a plurality of wireless endpoint devices, the plurality of wireless endpoint devices being located at the plurality of service areas; analyzing, with a computing system, the monitored one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the monitored one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes; determining, with the computing system, an optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based at least in part on the analysis of the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states, the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and establishing, with the computing system, the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, comprises sending, with the computing system, instructions to one or more intermediary network switches to direct broadband traffic along the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices to provide broadband service to the one or more wireless endpoint devices. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining and establishing the optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes are performed differently for different types of network services provided. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, with the computing system, one or more optimal network backhaul pathways to the service provider facility, through a determined second combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based on the analysis of the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states, the determined second combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising at least one fixed broadband network node of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and at least one wireless network node of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and establishing, with the computing system, the determined one or more optimal network backhaul pathways from the at least one wireless endpoint device to the service provider facility, through the determined second combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states each comprises bandwidth usage and bandwidth capacity, wherein determining the one or more optimal network backhaul pathways comprises determining, with the computing system, the one or more optimal network backhaul pathways based on available bandwidth exceeding subscribed-to bandwidth for each of a plurality of customers. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein establishing the determined one or more optimal network backhaul pathways from the at least one wireless endpoint device to the service provider facility comprises sending, with the computing system, instructions to intermediary network switches to direct backhaul traffic along the determined one or more optimal network backhaul pathways from the at least one wireless endpoint device to the service provider facility to provide backhaul service. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the optimal network pathway and determining the one or more optimal network backhaul pathways are initiated in response to each of one or more trigger events. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more trigger events each comprises one of a sudden statistically significant change in network performance characteristics, a change in network performance characteristics that exceed predetermined threshold levels, a seasonal change in wireless propagation characteristics, a weather-related change in wireless propagation characteristics, a network service fault at one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes, a network service fault at one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes, a completed sales transaction with a customer for provisioning of network services to the customer, or a change in network usage that exceeds specified levels. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes are associated with fixed broadband services comprising at least one of a passive optical network (“PON”) service, a gigabit PON (“GPON”) service, an Ethernet fiber line service, an Ethernet PON (“EPON”) service, a next generation PON (“NGPON”) service, a second generation NGPON or 40 Gigabit-capable PON (“NGPON2”) service, a digital subscriber line (“DSL”) service, an asymmetric DSL (“ADSL”) service, a symmetric DSL (“SDSL”) service, a high speed voice and data link service, a rate-adaptive DSL (“RADSL”) service, a very high bit rate DSL (“VDSL,” “VDSL2,” or “VDSL2-Vplus”), a uni-DSL (“UDSL”) service, a frequency division vectoring service, a microwave radio service, a millimeter-wave radio service, a free-space optical service, a data over cable service interface specification (“DOCSIS”)-based cable service, or a fixed backhaul wireless service. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of wireless network nodes are associated with wireless communications comprising at least one of machine-to-machine Internet of Things (“IoT”) communications, Bluetooth communications, Z-wave communications, ZigBee communications, WiFi communications, or cellular network communications. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
repeating the processes of:
monitoring the one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes;
monitoring the one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and
analyzing the monitored one or more first operations states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the monitored one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
determining, with the computing system, a second optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined third combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based on the repeated analysis of the monitored one or more first operational states and the monitored one or more second operational states; determining, with the computing system, whether the optimal network pathway and the second optimal network pathway are different; and based on a determination that the optimal network pathway and the second optimal network pathway are different, establishing, with the computing system, the determined second optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined third combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one fixed broadband network node of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes comprises at least one first sensor of the one or more first sensors, wherein the at least one first sensor monitors the one or more first operational states of each of one or more adjacent fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes, wherein at least one wireless network node of the plurality of wireless network nodes comprises at least one second sensor of the one or more second sensors, wherein the at least one second sensor monitors the one or more second operational states of each of one or more adjacent wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the one or more first operational states comprises obtaining information comprising at least one of available bandwidth, number of operational splitters, location information, type of fixed broadband network, loop qualification information, loop length, port speed audit information, train rate information, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) vectoring rate information, maximum available bit rates, current synchronization rates, tone utilization information, line code violation information, or upstream and downstream forward error correction (“FEC”) information. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the one or more second operational states comprises obtaining information comprising at least one of power levels, channel width, channel number, frequency of use of each channel, antenna elements, modulation coding scheme information, signal preconditioning, or cyclic prefix, wherein the modulation coding scheme information comprises at least one of modulation level, forward error correction (“FEC”) type, or multiple-input multiple-output (“MIMO”) rank. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the optimal network pathway comprises determining, with the computing system, the optimal network pathway to optimize at least one of coverage, capacity, latency, load balancing, privilege of a given area, mobility robustness, or key performance characteristics of the combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the optimal network pathway comprises determining, with the computing system, one or more parameters to adjust in each of one or more of at least one fixed broadband network node of the plurality of fixed broadband network node or at least one wireless network node of the plurality of wireless network node to optimize at least one of coverage, capacity, latency, load balancing, privilege of a given area, mobility robustness, or key performance characteristics of the combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, and wherein establishing the determined optimal network pathway comprises adjusting, with the computing system, the determined one or more parameters in each of one or more of the at least one fixed broadband network node or the at least one wireless network node. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of bandwidth, train rate, tone being used, power levels, channel width, channel number, frequency of use, antenna element parameters, modulation coding scheme, signal preconditioning parameters, or cyclic prefix, wherein the modulation coding scheme includes at least one of modulation level, forward error correction (“FEC”) type, or multiple-input multiple-output (“MIMO”) rank. 18. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer software comprising a set of instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the apparatus to:
receive, from one or more first sensors, information regarding one or more first operational states of each of a plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between a service provider facility and a plurality of network interface devices located at a plurality of service areas;
receive, from one or more second sensors, information regarding one or more second operational states of each of a plurality of wireless network nodes, the plurality of wireless network nodes comprising a plurality of wireless access points and a plurality of wireless endpoint devices, the plurality of wireless endpoint devices being located at the plurality of service areas;
analyze the received information regarding the one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
determine an optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based at least in part on the analysis of the received information regarding the one or more first operational states and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states, the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and
establish the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. 19. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus comprises one of a server computer located at the service provider facility, a distributed computing system, at least one of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes, or at least one of the plurality of wireless network nodes. 20. A system, comprising:
one or more first sensors that monitor one or more first operational states of each of a plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between a service provider facility and a plurality of network interface devices located at a plurality of service areas; one or more second sensors that monitor one or more second operational states of each of a plurality of wireless network nodes, the plurality of wireless network nodes comprising a plurality of wireless access points and a plurality of wireless endpoint devices, the plurality of wireless endpoint devices being located at the plurality of service areas; and a computing system, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a non-transitory computer readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer software comprising a set of instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the computing system to:
receive, from the one or more first sensors, information regarding one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes between the service provider facility and the plurality of network interface devices located at the plurality of service areas;
receive, from the one or more second sensors, information regarding one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
analyze the received information regarding the one or more first operational states of each of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states of each of the plurality of wireless network nodes;
determine an optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to one or more wireless endpoint devices, through a determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes, based at least in part on the analysis of the received information regarding the one or more first operational states and the received information regarding the one or more second operational states, the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes comprising one or more fixed broadband network nodes of the plurality of fixed broadband network nodes and one or more wireless network nodes of the plurality of wireless network nodes; and
establish the determined optimal network pathway from the service provider facility to the one or more wireless endpoint devices, through the determined first combination of fixed and wireless network nodes. | 3,600 |
343,813 | 16,803,255 | 3,648 | A back frame, which forms a framework of a seatback, includes a back side frame, a stopper, and an extending portion. The back side frame is rotatable with respect to a cushion frame in seat front-rear directions. The stopper is fixed to the back side frame and includes a contact portion. When the contact portion contacts a contact target portion that is immobile with respect to the cushion frame, the stopper restricts rotation of the back side frame. The extending portion extends from the stopper in the seat front-rear directions. The extending portion is fixed to the back side frame in at least a part of the extending portion. | 1. A back frame that forms a framework of a seatback, the back frame comprising:
a back side frame rotatable with respect to a cushion frame in seat front-rear directions; a stopper fixed to the back side frame, wherein the stopper includes a contact portion configured to contact a contact target portion that is immobile with respect to the cushion frame, and wherein the stopper restricts rotation of the back side frame when the contact portion contacts the contact target portion; and an extending portion extending from the stopper in the seat front-rear directions, wherein the extending portion is fixed to the back side frame in at least a part of the extending portion. 2. The back frame according to claim 1, further comprising:
a stopper fixing portion extending from the stopper toward a leading end of the back side frame along a longitudinal axis of the back side frame, wherein the stopper fixing portion is welded and fixed to the back side frame, and wherein a leading end of the stopper fixing portion along an extending direction of the stopper fixing portion is located closer to the leading end of the back side frame along the longitudinal axis of the back side frame than the extending portion is; and a welding area in which the extending portion is welded and fixed to the back side frame, wherein the welding area extends along an extending direction of the extending portion. 3. The back frame according to claim 1,
wherein the extending portion includes:
a fixing wall portion fixed to the back side frame and shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion; and
a reinforcing wall portion shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion and to extend from the fixing wall portion in a direction crossing the fixing wall portion. 4. The back frame according to claim 2,
wherein the extending portion includes:
a fixing wall portion fixed to the back side frame and shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion; and
a reinforcing wall portion shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion and to extend from the fixing wall portion in a direction crossing the fixing wall portion. 5. The back frame according to claim 1,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. 6. The back frame according to claim 2,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. 7. The back frame according to claim 3,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. 8. The back frame according to claim 4,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. | A back frame, which forms a framework of a seatback, includes a back side frame, a stopper, and an extending portion. The back side frame is rotatable with respect to a cushion frame in seat front-rear directions. The stopper is fixed to the back side frame and includes a contact portion. When the contact portion contacts a contact target portion that is immobile with respect to the cushion frame, the stopper restricts rotation of the back side frame. The extending portion extends from the stopper in the seat front-rear directions. The extending portion is fixed to the back side frame in at least a part of the extending portion.1. A back frame that forms a framework of a seatback, the back frame comprising:
a back side frame rotatable with respect to a cushion frame in seat front-rear directions; a stopper fixed to the back side frame, wherein the stopper includes a contact portion configured to contact a contact target portion that is immobile with respect to the cushion frame, and wherein the stopper restricts rotation of the back side frame when the contact portion contacts the contact target portion; and an extending portion extending from the stopper in the seat front-rear directions, wherein the extending portion is fixed to the back side frame in at least a part of the extending portion. 2. The back frame according to claim 1, further comprising:
a stopper fixing portion extending from the stopper toward a leading end of the back side frame along a longitudinal axis of the back side frame, wherein the stopper fixing portion is welded and fixed to the back side frame, and wherein a leading end of the stopper fixing portion along an extending direction of the stopper fixing portion is located closer to the leading end of the back side frame along the longitudinal axis of the back side frame than the extending portion is; and a welding area in which the extending portion is welded and fixed to the back side frame, wherein the welding area extends along an extending direction of the extending portion. 3. The back frame according to claim 1,
wherein the extending portion includes:
a fixing wall portion fixed to the back side frame and shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion; and
a reinforcing wall portion shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion and to extend from the fixing wall portion in a direction crossing the fixing wall portion. 4. The back frame according to claim 2,
wherein the extending portion includes:
a fixing wall portion fixed to the back side frame and shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion; and
a reinforcing wall portion shaped in a strip plate to extend along the extending direction of the extending portion and to extend from the fixing wall portion in a direction crossing the fixing wall portion. 5. The back frame according to claim 1,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. 6. The back frame according to claim 2,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. 7. The back frame according to claim 3,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. 8. The back frame according to claim 4,
wherein the extending portion extends in a direction oriented from the contact portion toward the contact target portion when the contact portion is in contact with the contact target portion. | 3,600 |
343,814 | 16,803,218 | 3,648 | Methods and systems for preparing clonal cell populations are described. In some instances the disclosed methods comprise: a) identifying and selecting a cell based on its position on a surface or in a container, where the selection is not based on whether the cell comprises an exogenous label or an expressed reporter; b) photoablating all non-selected cells on the surface or in the container; and c) growing a clonal population of the selected cell. | 1. A method comprising, for each of one or more partitioned surfaces or containers,
a) selecting a cell based on its position on the partitioned surface or in the container, thereby identifying a selected cell, wherein the selecting is not based on whether the cell comprises an exogenous label or an expressed reporter; and b) photoablating non-selected cells on the partitioned surface or in the container, wherein at least 90% of the one or more partitioned surfaces or containers comprise only the selected cell as a viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 2. The method claim 1, wherein at least 95% of the one or more partitioned surfaces or containers comprise only the selected cell as the viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more partitioned surfaces or containers comprise at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 partitioned surfaces or containers. 4. The method of claim 18 further comprising:
photoablating all but a first cell of five or more cells on the one or more surfaces or in the one or more containers. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising growing a clonal population of the first cell after the photoabalating is performed. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first cell is selected using an imaging technique. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising selecting the first cell using an automated image analysis process. 8. The method claim 7, wherein the selecting is based on a proximity of the first cell to a center of the one or more surfaces or containers, a size of the first cell, a morphology of the first cell, a phenotype of the first cell, a development stage of the first cell, one or more biomarkers, or any combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the selecting is based on one or more biomarkers, and the one or more biomarkers comprise a genetically-engineered protein. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the selecting is based on the one or more biomarkers, and the one or more biomarkers comprise one or more cell surface receptors or one or more fluorescent signals that are derived from fluorescent probes of cellular metabolic state. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the selecting is based on detection of a CRISPR editing success parameter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the CRISPR editing success parameter comprises a Cas-dependent fluorescent moiety. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the Cas9-dependent fluorescent moiety is a Cas-GFP construct. 14. The method of claim 4, wherein the two or more cells comprise about 10 to about 15 cells. 15. The method of claim 4, wherein cells are photoablated at a rate of at least 60 cells per minute. 16. The method of claim 4, wherein cells are photoablated with an efficiency of greater than 99%. 17. The method of claim 4, wherein cells are photoablated using light in the wavelength range of 1440 nm to 1450 nm. 18. A method comprising:
a) selecting a cell based on its position on one or more surfaces or in one or more containers; and b) photoablating at least 80% of five or more cells on each of the one or more surfaces or in each of the one or more containers, wherein at least 95% of the one or more surfaces or containers contain only one viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein at least 98% of the one or more surfaces or containers contain only one viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more surfaces or containers comprise at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 surfaces or containers. | Methods and systems for preparing clonal cell populations are described. In some instances the disclosed methods comprise: a) identifying and selecting a cell based on its position on a surface or in a container, where the selection is not based on whether the cell comprises an exogenous label or an expressed reporter; b) photoablating all non-selected cells on the surface or in the container; and c) growing a clonal population of the selected cell.1. A method comprising, for each of one or more partitioned surfaces or containers,
a) selecting a cell based on its position on the partitioned surface or in the container, thereby identifying a selected cell, wherein the selecting is not based on whether the cell comprises an exogenous label or an expressed reporter; and b) photoablating non-selected cells on the partitioned surface or in the container, wherein at least 90% of the one or more partitioned surfaces or containers comprise only the selected cell as a viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 2. The method claim 1, wherein at least 95% of the one or more partitioned surfaces or containers comprise only the selected cell as the viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more partitioned surfaces or containers comprise at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 partitioned surfaces or containers. 4. The method of claim 18 further comprising:
photoablating all but a first cell of five or more cells on the one or more surfaces or in the one or more containers. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising growing a clonal population of the first cell after the photoabalating is performed. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first cell is selected using an imaging technique. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising selecting the first cell using an automated image analysis process. 8. The method claim 7, wherein the selecting is based on a proximity of the first cell to a center of the one or more surfaces or containers, a size of the first cell, a morphology of the first cell, a phenotype of the first cell, a development stage of the first cell, one or more biomarkers, or any combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the selecting is based on one or more biomarkers, and the one or more biomarkers comprise a genetically-engineered protein. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the selecting is based on the one or more biomarkers, and the one or more biomarkers comprise one or more cell surface receptors or one or more fluorescent signals that are derived from fluorescent probes of cellular metabolic state. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the selecting is based on detection of a CRISPR editing success parameter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the CRISPR editing success parameter comprises a Cas-dependent fluorescent moiety. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the Cas9-dependent fluorescent moiety is a Cas-GFP construct. 14. The method of claim 4, wherein the two or more cells comprise about 10 to about 15 cells. 15. The method of claim 4, wherein cells are photoablated at a rate of at least 60 cells per minute. 16. The method of claim 4, wherein cells are photoablated with an efficiency of greater than 99%. 17. The method of claim 4, wherein cells are photoablated using light in the wavelength range of 1440 nm to 1450 nm. 18. A method comprising:
a) selecting a cell based on its position on one or more surfaces or in one or more containers; and b) photoablating at least 80% of five or more cells on each of the one or more surfaces or in each of the one or more containers, wherein at least 95% of the one or more surfaces or containers contain only one viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein at least 98% of the one or more surfaces or containers contain only one viable cell after the photoablating is performed. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more surfaces or containers comprise at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 surfaces or containers. | 3,600 |
343,815 | 16,803,253 | 3,648 | In 6G, there are multiple radios that can cover the same location at any time, and yet radio failure can occur. However, a mobile edge computing (MEC) platform can increase the footprint of adjacent radios to compensate for a failed radio. To reduce the failure interruption and maintain a quality of experience for a subscriber, the MEC can utilize a virtual session capability to communicate radio change of service characteristics to a service provider. Consequently, the change in service characteristics can comprise an expanded coverage area for adjacent radios such that a mobile device of the subscriber can take advantage of the expanded coverage area without experiencing an interruption in service. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a first wireless network device comprising a processor, indication data indicative of an indication that an impending service degradation of a mobile device associated with a second wireless network device is imminent according to a threshold likelihood criterion having been satisfied; in response to the receiving the indication data, selecting, by the first wireless network device, a third wireless network device to mitigate the impending service degradation; and in response to the selecting the third wireless network device, facilitating, by the first wireless network device, a communication between the mobile device and the third wireless network device to mitigate the impending service degradation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the third wireless network device is within a defined distance of the second wireless network device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the selecting the third wireless network device is based on a determination that the third wireless network device is within the defined distance of the second wireless network device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second wireless network device is a Wi-Fi network device and the third wireless network device is a long-term evolution network device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the impending service degradation is based on a capacity limit of the second wireless network device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the facilitating the communication between the mobile device is performed in response to the second wireless network device fulfilling the capacity limit. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mitigating the impending service degradation comprises increasing a coverage area of the third network device from a first coverage area to a second coverage area larger than the first coverage area. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving indication data indicative of an indication of a degrading quality of service associated with a mobile device communicating with a first network device;
in response to the receiving the indication data, increasing a coverage area of a second network device to mitigate the degrading quality of service; and
reducing a data consumption of the mobile device from a first data consumption to a second data consumption less than the first data consumption to mitigate the degrading quality of service. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the reducing the data consumption of the mobile device is performed in response to a policy change. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the reducing the data consumption of the mobile device is facilitated by communicating with the mobile device via a control channel. 11. The system of claim 8 wherein the operations further comprise:
selecting a first access technology, different than a second access technology currently being utilized by the mobile device, to mitigate the degrading quality of service. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first access technology is a Wi-Fi access technology. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the second access technology is a fifth generation wireless network access technology. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second access technology is a satellite access technology. 15. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving quality of service data representative of an anticipated reduction in a quality of service associated with a mobile device communicating with a first network device of a wireless network; in response to the receiving the quality of service data, identifying a second network device of the wireless network that is able to be utilized to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service; and in response to the identifying, increasing a coverage area of the second network device to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
reducing a data consumption of the mobile device from a first data consumption to a second data consumption less than the first data consumption to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
adding a third network device of the wireless network for communication with the mobile device to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service. 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the adding the third network device is based on the third network device facilitating a first access technology that is different from a second access technology associated with the first network device. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first access technology is a Wi-Fi access technology and wherein the second access technology is long-term evolution access technology. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the receiving the quality of service data, facilitating communicating a change of service to a service provider identity via a service layer associated with the wireless network. | In 6G, there are multiple radios that can cover the same location at any time, and yet radio failure can occur. However, a mobile edge computing (MEC) platform can increase the footprint of adjacent radios to compensate for a failed radio. To reduce the failure interruption and maintain a quality of experience for a subscriber, the MEC can utilize a virtual session capability to communicate radio change of service characteristics to a service provider. Consequently, the change in service characteristics can comprise an expanded coverage area for adjacent radios such that a mobile device of the subscriber can take advantage of the expanded coverage area without experiencing an interruption in service.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a first wireless network device comprising a processor, indication data indicative of an indication that an impending service degradation of a mobile device associated with a second wireless network device is imminent according to a threshold likelihood criterion having been satisfied; in response to the receiving the indication data, selecting, by the first wireless network device, a third wireless network device to mitigate the impending service degradation; and in response to the selecting the third wireless network device, facilitating, by the first wireless network device, a communication between the mobile device and the third wireless network device to mitigate the impending service degradation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the third wireless network device is within a defined distance of the second wireless network device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the selecting the third wireless network device is based on a determination that the third wireless network device is within the defined distance of the second wireless network device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second wireless network device is a Wi-Fi network device and the third wireless network device is a long-term evolution network device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the impending service degradation is based on a capacity limit of the second wireless network device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the facilitating the communication between the mobile device is performed in response to the second wireless network device fulfilling the capacity limit. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mitigating the impending service degradation comprises increasing a coverage area of the third network device from a first coverage area to a second coverage area larger than the first coverage area. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving indication data indicative of an indication of a degrading quality of service associated with a mobile device communicating with a first network device;
in response to the receiving the indication data, increasing a coverage area of a second network device to mitigate the degrading quality of service; and
reducing a data consumption of the mobile device from a first data consumption to a second data consumption less than the first data consumption to mitigate the degrading quality of service. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the reducing the data consumption of the mobile device is performed in response to a policy change. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the reducing the data consumption of the mobile device is facilitated by communicating with the mobile device via a control channel. 11. The system of claim 8 wherein the operations further comprise:
selecting a first access technology, different than a second access technology currently being utilized by the mobile device, to mitigate the degrading quality of service. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first access technology is a Wi-Fi access technology. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the second access technology is a fifth generation wireless network access technology. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second access technology is a satellite access technology. 15. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving quality of service data representative of an anticipated reduction in a quality of service associated with a mobile device communicating with a first network device of a wireless network; in response to the receiving the quality of service data, identifying a second network device of the wireless network that is able to be utilized to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service; and in response to the identifying, increasing a coverage area of the second network device to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
reducing a data consumption of the mobile device from a first data consumption to a second data consumption less than the first data consumption to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
adding a third network device of the wireless network for communication with the mobile device to prevent the anticipated reduction in the quality of service. 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the adding the third network device is based on the third network device facilitating a first access technology that is different from a second access technology associated with the first network device. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first access technology is a Wi-Fi access technology and wherein the second access technology is long-term evolution access technology. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the receiving the quality of service data, facilitating communicating a change of service to a service provider identity via a service layer associated with the wireless network. | 3,600 |
343,816 | 16,803,278 | 3,648 | A method of independently forming source/drain regions in NMOS regions including nanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs), NMOS regions including fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) PMOS regions including NSFETs, and PMOS regions including FinFETs and semiconductor devices formed by the method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a device includes a semiconductor substrate; a first nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first nanostructure; a first inner spacer layer adjacent the first epitaxial source/drain region, the first inner spacer layer comprising a first material; a second nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second nanostructure; and a second inner spacer layer adjacent the second epitaxial source/drain region, the second inner spacer layer comprising a second material different from the first material. | 1.-6. (canceled) 7. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; masking a first region of the multi-layer stack; etching a second region of the multi-layer stack to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a first sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the second region of the multi-layer stack; etching the first region of the multi-layer stack to form a second opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a second sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the second opening to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first recess is etched to a depth greater than the second recess. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the first inner spacer comprises depositing a silicon material in the first recess, wherein forming the second inner spacer comprises depositing a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5 in the second recess. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure in the first region and a second nanostructure in the second region; forming a first spacer adjacent a third sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a fourth sidewall of the second nanostructure, wherein a first height of the first spacer is greater than a second height of the second spacer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first spacer has a third height from 10 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second spacer has a fourth height from 5 nm to 15 nm. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the second region is etched to a first depth from 40 nm to 50 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first region is etched to a second depth from 35 nm to 45 nm to form the second opening. 13. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure; etching a second region of the semiconductor substrate to form a first fin; masking the second region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the first region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first fin to form a second opening; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
forming a first spacer adjacent a first sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a second sidewall of the first fin, wherein a first height of the first spacer is less than a second height of the second spacer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second height is from 20 nm to 35 nm. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first nanostructure is etched to a first depth from 51 nm to 71 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first fin is etched to a second depth from 30 nm to 60 nm to form the second opening. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material contacts the first inner spacer. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material is separated from the first inner spacer, the second semiconductor material, and the semiconductor substrate by the third semiconductor material. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein:
epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and epitaxially growing the second source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a fourth semiconductor material on the semiconductor substrate, wherein a first thickness of the third semiconductor material is greater than a second thickness of the fourth semiconductor material. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein a first height between a first bottommost surface of the first source/drain region and a first topmost surface of the first source/drain region is greater than a second height between a second bottommost surface of the second source/drain region and a second topmost surface of the second source/drain region. 21. A method comprising:
forming a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure over a semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess, the first inner spacer comprising a first material; forming a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first inner spacer; replacing the first nanostructure with a first gate stack, the first inner spacer being between the first gate stack and the first epitaxial source/drain region in a first direction parallel to a major surface of the semiconductor substrate; etching the second nanostructure to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess, the second inner spacer comprising a second material different from the first material; forming a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second inner spacer; and replacing the second nanostructure with a second gate stack, the second inner spacer being between the second gate stack and the second epitaxial source/drain region in the first direction. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first material comprises a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5, and wherein the second material comprises silicon. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first inner spacer is formed with a first thickness in the first direction from 3 nm to 8 nm, and wherein the second inner spacer is formed with a second thickness in the first direction from 2 nm to 4 nm. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
forming a first gate spacer over the first nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the first gate spacer having a first height in a second direction perpendicular to the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the first gate spacer; and forming a second gate spacer over the second nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the second gate spacer having a second height in the second direction greater than the first height, wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the second gate spacer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 15 nm and wherein the second height is from 10 nm to 20 nm. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region has a third height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction, and wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region has a fourth height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction. | A method of independently forming source/drain regions in NMOS regions including nanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs), NMOS regions including fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) PMOS regions including NSFETs, and PMOS regions including FinFETs and semiconductor devices formed by the method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a device includes a semiconductor substrate; a first nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first nanostructure; a first inner spacer layer adjacent the first epitaxial source/drain region, the first inner spacer layer comprising a first material; a second nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second nanostructure; and a second inner spacer layer adjacent the second epitaxial source/drain region, the second inner spacer layer comprising a second material different from the first material.1.-6. (canceled) 7. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; masking a first region of the multi-layer stack; etching a second region of the multi-layer stack to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a first sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the second region of the multi-layer stack; etching the first region of the multi-layer stack to form a second opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a second sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the second opening to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first recess is etched to a depth greater than the second recess. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the first inner spacer comprises depositing a silicon material in the first recess, wherein forming the second inner spacer comprises depositing a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5 in the second recess. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure in the first region and a second nanostructure in the second region; forming a first spacer adjacent a third sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a fourth sidewall of the second nanostructure, wherein a first height of the first spacer is greater than a second height of the second spacer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first spacer has a third height from 10 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second spacer has a fourth height from 5 nm to 15 nm. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the second region is etched to a first depth from 40 nm to 50 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first region is etched to a second depth from 35 nm to 45 nm to form the second opening. 13. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure; etching a second region of the semiconductor substrate to form a first fin; masking the second region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the first region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first fin to form a second opening; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
forming a first spacer adjacent a first sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a second sidewall of the first fin, wherein a first height of the first spacer is less than a second height of the second spacer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second height is from 20 nm to 35 nm. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first nanostructure is etched to a first depth from 51 nm to 71 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first fin is etched to a second depth from 30 nm to 60 nm to form the second opening. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material contacts the first inner spacer. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material is separated from the first inner spacer, the second semiconductor material, and the semiconductor substrate by the third semiconductor material. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein:
epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and epitaxially growing the second source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a fourth semiconductor material on the semiconductor substrate, wherein a first thickness of the third semiconductor material is greater than a second thickness of the fourth semiconductor material. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein a first height between a first bottommost surface of the first source/drain region and a first topmost surface of the first source/drain region is greater than a second height between a second bottommost surface of the second source/drain region and a second topmost surface of the second source/drain region. 21. A method comprising:
forming a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure over a semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess, the first inner spacer comprising a first material; forming a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first inner spacer; replacing the first nanostructure with a first gate stack, the first inner spacer being between the first gate stack and the first epitaxial source/drain region in a first direction parallel to a major surface of the semiconductor substrate; etching the second nanostructure to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess, the second inner spacer comprising a second material different from the first material; forming a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second inner spacer; and replacing the second nanostructure with a second gate stack, the second inner spacer being between the second gate stack and the second epitaxial source/drain region in the first direction. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first material comprises a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5, and wherein the second material comprises silicon. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first inner spacer is formed with a first thickness in the first direction from 3 nm to 8 nm, and wherein the second inner spacer is formed with a second thickness in the first direction from 2 nm to 4 nm. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
forming a first gate spacer over the first nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the first gate spacer having a first height in a second direction perpendicular to the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the first gate spacer; and forming a second gate spacer over the second nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the second gate spacer having a second height in the second direction greater than the first height, wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the second gate spacer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 15 nm and wherein the second height is from 10 nm to 20 nm. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region has a third height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction, and wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region has a fourth height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction. | 3,600 |
343,817 | 16,803,259 | 2,483 | A method of independently forming source/drain regions in NMOS regions including nanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs), NMOS regions including fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) PMOS regions including NSFETs, and PMOS regions including FinFETs and semiconductor devices formed by the method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a device includes a semiconductor substrate; a first nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first nanostructure; a first inner spacer layer adjacent the first epitaxial source/drain region, the first inner spacer layer comprising a first material; a second nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second nanostructure; and a second inner spacer layer adjacent the second epitaxial source/drain region, the second inner spacer layer comprising a second material different from the first material. | 1.-6. (canceled) 7. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; masking a first region of the multi-layer stack; etching a second region of the multi-layer stack to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a first sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the second region of the multi-layer stack; etching the first region of the multi-layer stack to form a second opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a second sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the second opening to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first recess is etched to a depth greater than the second recess. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the first inner spacer comprises depositing a silicon material in the first recess, wherein forming the second inner spacer comprises depositing a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5 in the second recess. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure in the first region and a second nanostructure in the second region; forming a first spacer adjacent a third sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a fourth sidewall of the second nanostructure, wherein a first height of the first spacer is greater than a second height of the second spacer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first spacer has a third height from 10 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second spacer has a fourth height from 5 nm to 15 nm. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the second region is etched to a first depth from 40 nm to 50 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first region is etched to a second depth from 35 nm to 45 nm to form the second opening. 13. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure; etching a second region of the semiconductor substrate to form a first fin; masking the second region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the first region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first fin to form a second opening; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
forming a first spacer adjacent a first sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a second sidewall of the first fin, wherein a first height of the first spacer is less than a second height of the second spacer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second height is from 20 nm to 35 nm. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first nanostructure is etched to a first depth from 51 nm to 71 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first fin is etched to a second depth from 30 nm to 60 nm to form the second opening. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material contacts the first inner spacer. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material is separated from the first inner spacer, the second semiconductor material, and the semiconductor substrate by the third semiconductor material. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein:
epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and epitaxially growing the second source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a fourth semiconductor material on the semiconductor substrate, wherein a first thickness of the third semiconductor material is greater than a second thickness of the fourth semiconductor material. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein a first height between a first bottommost surface of the first source/drain region and a first topmost surface of the first source/drain region is greater than a second height between a second bottommost surface of the second source/drain region and a second topmost surface of the second source/drain region. 21. A method comprising:
forming a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure over a semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess, the first inner spacer comprising a first material; forming a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first inner spacer; replacing the first nanostructure with a first gate stack, the first inner spacer being between the first gate stack and the first epitaxial source/drain region in a first direction parallel to a major surface of the semiconductor substrate; etching the second nanostructure to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess, the second inner spacer comprising a second material different from the first material; forming a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second inner spacer; and replacing the second nanostructure with a second gate stack, the second inner spacer being between the second gate stack and the second epitaxial source/drain region in the first direction. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first material comprises a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5, and wherein the second material comprises silicon. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first inner spacer is formed with a first thickness in the first direction from 3 nm to 8 nm, and wherein the second inner spacer is formed with a second thickness in the first direction from 2 nm to 4 nm. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
forming a first gate spacer over the first nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the first gate spacer having a first height in a second direction perpendicular to the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the first gate spacer; and forming a second gate spacer over the second nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the second gate spacer having a second height in the second direction greater than the first height, wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the second gate spacer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 15 nm and wherein the second height is from 10 nm to 20 nm. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region has a third height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction, and wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region has a fourth height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction. | A method of independently forming source/drain regions in NMOS regions including nanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs), NMOS regions including fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) PMOS regions including NSFETs, and PMOS regions including FinFETs and semiconductor devices formed by the method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a device includes a semiconductor substrate; a first nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first nanostructure; a first inner spacer layer adjacent the first epitaxial source/drain region, the first inner spacer layer comprising a first material; a second nanostructure over the semiconductor substrate; a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second nanostructure; and a second inner spacer layer adjacent the second epitaxial source/drain region, the second inner spacer layer comprising a second material different from the first material.1.-6. (canceled) 7. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; masking a first region of the multi-layer stack; etching a second region of the multi-layer stack to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a first sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the second region of the multi-layer stack; etching the first region of the multi-layer stack to form a second opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a second sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the second opening to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first recess is etched to a depth greater than the second recess. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the first inner spacer comprises depositing a silicon material in the first recess, wherein forming the second inner spacer comprises depositing a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5 in the second recess. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure in the first region and a second nanostructure in the second region; forming a first spacer adjacent a third sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a fourth sidewall of the second nanostructure, wherein a first height of the first spacer is greater than a second height of the second spacer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first spacer has a third height from 10 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second spacer has a fourth height from 5 nm to 15 nm. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the second region is etched to a first depth from 40 nm to 50 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first region is etched to a second depth from 35 nm to 45 nm to form the second opening. 13. A method comprising:
forming a multi-layer stack over a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material; etching the multi-layer stack to form a first nanostructure; etching a second region of the semiconductor substrate to form a first fin; masking the second region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first opening exposing the semiconductor substrate; etching a sidewall of the first semiconductor material through the first opening to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess; epitaxially growing a first source/drain region in the first opening; masking the first region of the semiconductor substrate; etching the first fin to form a second opening; and epitaxially growing a second source/drain region in the second opening. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
forming a first spacer adjacent a first sidewall of the first nanostructure; and forming a second spacer adjacent a second sidewall of the first fin, wherein a first height of the first spacer is less than a second height of the second spacer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 20 nm, and wherein the second height is from 20 nm to 35 nm. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first nanostructure is etched to a first depth from 51 nm to 71 nm to form the first opening, and wherein the first fin is etched to a second depth from 30 nm to 60 nm to form the second opening. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material contacts the first inner spacer. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises:
selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a fourth semiconductor material different from the third semiconductor material on the third semiconductor material, wherein the fourth semiconductor material is separated from the first inner spacer, the second semiconductor material, and the semiconductor substrate by the third semiconductor material. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein:
epitaxially growing the first source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a third semiconductor material on the second semiconductor material and the semiconductor substrate; and epitaxially growing the second source/drain region comprises selectively depositing a fourth semiconductor material on the semiconductor substrate, wherein a first thickness of the third semiconductor material is greater than a second thickness of the fourth semiconductor material. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein a first height between a first bottommost surface of the first source/drain region and a first topmost surface of the first source/drain region is greater than a second height between a second bottommost surface of the second source/drain region and a second topmost surface of the second source/drain region. 21. A method comprising:
forming a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure over a semiconductor substrate; etching the first nanostructure to form a first recess; forming a first inner spacer in the first recess, the first inner spacer comprising a first material; forming a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the first inner spacer; replacing the first nanostructure with a first gate stack, the first inner spacer being between the first gate stack and the first epitaxial source/drain region in a first direction parallel to a major surface of the semiconductor substrate; etching the second nanostructure to form a second recess; forming a second inner spacer in the second recess, the second inner spacer comprising a second material different from the first material; forming a second epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the second inner spacer; and replacing the second nanostructure with a second gate stack, the second inner spacer being between the second gate stack and the second epitaxial source/drain region in the first direction. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first material comprises a material having a dielectric constant less than 3.5, and wherein the second material comprises silicon. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first inner spacer is formed with a first thickness in the first direction from 3 nm to 8 nm, and wherein the second inner spacer is formed with a second thickness in the first direction from 2 nm to 4 nm. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
forming a first gate spacer over the first nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the first gate spacer having a first height in a second direction perpendicular to the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the first gate spacer; and forming a second gate spacer over the second nanostructure and the semiconductor substrate, the second gate spacer having a second height in the second direction greater than the first height, wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region is formed adjacent the second gate spacer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first height is from 5 nm to 15 nm and wherein the second height is from 10 nm to 20 nm. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region has a third height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction, and wherein the second epitaxial source/drain region has a fourth height from 30 nm to 70 nm in the second direction. | 2,400 |
343,818 | 16,803,236 | 2,483 | A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system includes a SCR canister including a SCR inlet configured for receiving engine exhaust from a work vehicle and a SCR outlet configured for expelling a treated exhaust flow. The system includes first and second SCR chambers housed within the SCR canister and configured to react mixtures of exhaust reductant and associated first and second portions of the engine exhaust with a catalyst to generate first and second treated exhaust flow portions, respectively. The system includes an outlet chamber positioned between the SCR outlet and the first and second SCR chambers. Moreover, the outlet chamber is configured to combine the first and second treated exhaust flow portions to form the treated exhaust flow. Further, the system includes a chamber mixer positioned upstream of the SCR outlet and configured to promote mixing of the first and second treated exhaust flow portions within the outlet chamber. | 1. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the SCR system comprising:
a SCR canister including a SCR inlet configured for receiving engine exhaust from a work vehicle and a SCR outlet configured for expelling a treated exhaust flow; a first SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a mixture of exhaust reductant and a first portion of the engine exhaust with a catalyst to generate a first treated exhaust flow portion; a second SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a mixture of exhaust reductant and a second portion of the engine exhaust with a catalyst to generate a second treated exhaust flow portion; an outlet chamber positioned between the SCR outlet and the first and second SCR chambers, the outlet chamber configured to combine the first treated exhaust flow portion and the second treated exhaust flow portion to form the treated exhaust flow; and a chamber mixer positioned upstream of the SCR outlet, the chamber mixer configured to promote mixing of the first and second treated exhaust flow portions within the outlet chamber. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a flow conduit in fluid communication with the SCR outlet and configured for receiving the treated exhaust flow expelled from the SCR outlet; and an exhaust sensor positioned within the flow conduit downstream of the SCR outlet, the exhaust sensor being configured to detect an amount of an emission gas present in the treated exhaust flow. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the chamber mixer further includes a flow diverger positioned directly upstream of the exhaust sensor and configured such that at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion must flow around the flow diverger before encountering the exhaust sensor. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the exhaust sensor is a nitrous oxide (NOx) sensor. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the chamber mixer comprises a plurality of louvered members. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within an outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or second SCR chamber, the plurality of louvered members extending across the outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or second SCR chamber. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of louvered members of the chamber mixer is configured to introduce turbulence into at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within the outlet chamber downstream of the first and second SCR chambers, the plurality of louvered members extending across the SCR canister. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein each louvered member of the plurality of louvered members is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion to one side of the SCR canister. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer further comprises a cross-beam oriented perpendicular to the plurality of louvered members such that that the chamber mixer defines a first region and a second region of the chamber mixer separated by the cross-beam, wherein each louvered member of plurality of louvered members in the first region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion toward a first side of the SCR canister, and wherein each louvered member of the plurality of louvered members in the second region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion toward an opposite second side of the SCR canister. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer defines a center, the plurality of louvered members extending radially outwardly from the center, and wherein the plurality of louvered members are oriented to impart a swirl in at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion. 12. An exhaust treatment system for a work vehicle, the system comprising:
an exhaust conduit configured for transmitting engine exhaust from an engine; a DOC system in flow communication with the exhaust conduit, the DOC system configured to introduce an exhaust reductant into the engine exhaust to form an exhaust/reductant mixture; a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the SCR system comprising:
a SCR canister including a SCR inlet configured for receiving the exhaust/reductant mixture expelled from the DOC system and a SCR outlet configured for expelling a treated exhaust flow;
a first SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a first portion of the exhaust/reductant mixture with a catalyst to generate a first treated exhaust flow portion;
a second SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a second portion of the exhaust/reductant mixture with a catalyst to generate a second treated exhaust flow portion;
an outlet chamber positioned between the SCR outlet and the first and second SCR chambers, the outlet chamber configured to combine the first treated exhaust flow portion and the second treated exhaust flow portion to form the treated exhaust flow; and
a chamber mixer positioned upstream of the SCR outlet, the chamber mixer configured to promote mixing of the first and second treated exhaust flow portions within the outlet chamber. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising:
a flow conduit in fluid communication with the SCR outlet and configured for receiving the treated exhaust flow expelled from the SCR outlet; and an exhaust sensor positioned within the flow conduit downstream of the SCR outlet, the exhaust sensor being configured to detect an amount of an emission gas present in the treated exhaust flow. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the chamber mixer further includes a flow diverger positioned directly upstream of the exhaust sensor and configured such that at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion must flow around flow diverger before encountering the exhaust sensor. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the chamber mixer comprises a plurality of louvered members. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within an outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or the second SCR chamber, the plurality of louvered members extending across the outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or the second SCR chamber. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within the outlet chamber downstream of the first and second SCR chambers, the plurality of louvered members extending across the SCR canister. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein each louvered member of plurality of louvered members is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion to one side of the SCR canister. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the chamber mixer further comprises a cross-beam oriented perpendicular to the plurality of louvered members such that chamber mixer defines a first region and a second region of the chamber mixer separated by the cross-beam, wherein each louvered member of plurality of louvered members in the first region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or second treated exhaust flow portion toward a first side of the SCR canister, and wherein each louvered member of the plurality of louvered members in the second region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or second treated exhaust flow portion toward an opposite second side of the SCR canister. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein chamber mixer defines a center, the plurality of louvered members extending radially outwardly from the center, wherein the plurality of louvered members are oriented to impart a swirl in at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or second treated exhaust flow portion. | A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system includes a SCR canister including a SCR inlet configured for receiving engine exhaust from a work vehicle and a SCR outlet configured for expelling a treated exhaust flow. The system includes first and second SCR chambers housed within the SCR canister and configured to react mixtures of exhaust reductant and associated first and second portions of the engine exhaust with a catalyst to generate first and second treated exhaust flow portions, respectively. The system includes an outlet chamber positioned between the SCR outlet and the first and second SCR chambers. Moreover, the outlet chamber is configured to combine the first and second treated exhaust flow portions to form the treated exhaust flow. Further, the system includes a chamber mixer positioned upstream of the SCR outlet and configured to promote mixing of the first and second treated exhaust flow portions within the outlet chamber.1. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the SCR system comprising:
a SCR canister including a SCR inlet configured for receiving engine exhaust from a work vehicle and a SCR outlet configured for expelling a treated exhaust flow; a first SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a mixture of exhaust reductant and a first portion of the engine exhaust with a catalyst to generate a first treated exhaust flow portion; a second SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a mixture of exhaust reductant and a second portion of the engine exhaust with a catalyst to generate a second treated exhaust flow portion; an outlet chamber positioned between the SCR outlet and the first and second SCR chambers, the outlet chamber configured to combine the first treated exhaust flow portion and the second treated exhaust flow portion to form the treated exhaust flow; and a chamber mixer positioned upstream of the SCR outlet, the chamber mixer configured to promote mixing of the first and second treated exhaust flow portions within the outlet chamber. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a flow conduit in fluid communication with the SCR outlet and configured for receiving the treated exhaust flow expelled from the SCR outlet; and an exhaust sensor positioned within the flow conduit downstream of the SCR outlet, the exhaust sensor being configured to detect an amount of an emission gas present in the treated exhaust flow. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the chamber mixer further includes a flow diverger positioned directly upstream of the exhaust sensor and configured such that at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion must flow around the flow diverger before encountering the exhaust sensor. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the exhaust sensor is a nitrous oxide (NOx) sensor. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the chamber mixer comprises a plurality of louvered members. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within an outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or second SCR chamber, the plurality of louvered members extending across the outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or second SCR chamber. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of louvered members of the chamber mixer is configured to introduce turbulence into at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within the outlet chamber downstream of the first and second SCR chambers, the plurality of louvered members extending across the SCR canister. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein each louvered member of the plurality of louvered members is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion to one side of the SCR canister. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer further comprises a cross-beam oriented perpendicular to the plurality of louvered members such that that the chamber mixer defines a first region and a second region of the chamber mixer separated by the cross-beam, wherein each louvered member of plurality of louvered members in the first region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion toward a first side of the SCR canister, and wherein each louvered member of the plurality of louvered members in the second region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion toward an opposite second side of the SCR canister. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the chamber mixer defines a center, the plurality of louvered members extending radially outwardly from the center, and wherein the plurality of louvered members are oriented to impart a swirl in at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion. 12. An exhaust treatment system for a work vehicle, the system comprising:
an exhaust conduit configured for transmitting engine exhaust from an engine; a DOC system in flow communication with the exhaust conduit, the DOC system configured to introduce an exhaust reductant into the engine exhaust to form an exhaust/reductant mixture; a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, the SCR system comprising:
a SCR canister including a SCR inlet configured for receiving the exhaust/reductant mixture expelled from the DOC system and a SCR outlet configured for expelling a treated exhaust flow;
a first SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a first portion of the exhaust/reductant mixture with a catalyst to generate a first treated exhaust flow portion;
a second SCR chamber housed within the SCR canister and configured to react a second portion of the exhaust/reductant mixture with a catalyst to generate a second treated exhaust flow portion;
an outlet chamber positioned between the SCR outlet and the first and second SCR chambers, the outlet chamber configured to combine the first treated exhaust flow portion and the second treated exhaust flow portion to form the treated exhaust flow; and
a chamber mixer positioned upstream of the SCR outlet, the chamber mixer configured to promote mixing of the first and second treated exhaust flow portions within the outlet chamber. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising:
a flow conduit in fluid communication with the SCR outlet and configured for receiving the treated exhaust flow expelled from the SCR outlet; and an exhaust sensor positioned within the flow conduit downstream of the SCR outlet, the exhaust sensor being configured to detect an amount of an emission gas present in the treated exhaust flow. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the chamber mixer further includes a flow diverger positioned directly upstream of the exhaust sensor and configured such that at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion must flow around flow diverger before encountering the exhaust sensor. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the chamber mixer comprises a plurality of louvered members. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within an outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or the second SCR chamber, the plurality of louvered members extending across the outlet of at least one of the first SCR chamber or the second SCR chamber. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the chamber mixer is positioned within the outlet chamber downstream of the first and second SCR chambers, the plurality of louvered members extending across the SCR canister. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein each louvered member of plurality of louvered members is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or the second treated exhaust flow portion to one side of the SCR canister. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the chamber mixer further comprises a cross-beam oriented perpendicular to the plurality of louvered members such that chamber mixer defines a first region and a second region of the chamber mixer separated by the cross-beam, wherein each louvered member of plurality of louvered members in the first region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or second treated exhaust flow portion toward a first side of the SCR canister, and wherein each louvered member of the plurality of louvered members in the second region is oriented to deflect at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or second treated exhaust flow portion toward an opposite second side of the SCR canister. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein chamber mixer defines a center, the plurality of louvered members extending radially outwardly from the center, wherein the plurality of louvered members are oriented to impart a swirl in at least one of the first treated exhaust flow portion or second treated exhaust flow portion. | 2,400 |
343,819 | 16,803,258 | 2,817 | A light emitting device, according to the present embodiment, has a first insulator, which is transparent to light, a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator, a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer, a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer, and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. | 1. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein a contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a temperature is 25° C. and a humidity is 40%, the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.1 N or greater, up to 6 N. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a temperature is 25° C. and a humidity is 40%, the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.5 N or greater, up to 5 N. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a temperature is 25° C. and a humidity is 40%, the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 1.2 N or greater, up to 4 N. 5. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein, where an ambient temperature is 85° C. and a junction temperature of the light emitting element when a rated current If is applied to the light emitting element is Tjf° C., a contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element, measured by setting a measurement environment temperature to Tjf° C., is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein, where the ambient temperature is 85° C. and the junction temperature of the light emitting element when a current that is half the rated current If is applied to the light emitting element is Tjf° C., the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element, measured at the measurement environment temperature of Tjf° C., is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 105° C. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 60° C. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 40° C. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 25° C. 11. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein, after a thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in an environment with a temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in an environment with a temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in an environment with a temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 100 times, in a state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, after the thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in the environment with the temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in the environment with the temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 1000 times, in the state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements comprise a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element, which are both based on different standards. 15. The light emitting device according to claim 14, wherein:
a plurality of light emitting element groups comprising the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are formed; and the light emitting elements to constitute the light emitting element groups are arranged so as to be recognized as a single bright spot. 16. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a second conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the second insulator,
wherein the light emitting element is connected to the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer. 17. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting element comprises an electrode and a conductive bump formed on the electrode. 18. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a Vicat softening temperature of the third insulator is 80° C. or greater, up to 160° C. 19. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein:
with the third insulator, a tensile storage elastic modulus in a first temperature range of −40 to 20° C. is 1×108 N or greater, up to 1×1010 N, and does not change by more than one digit within the first temperature range; and a tensile storage elastic modulus in a second temperature range from 160 to 200° C. is 1×106 N or greater, up to 1×108 N, and does not change by more than one digit within the second temperature range. 20. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, in an environment in which the temperature is 85° C. and the humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 100 hours or longer in a state in which the light emitting element is bent along a circle having a radius of 50 mm. 21. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, in the environment in which the temperature is 85° C. and the humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 500 hours or longer in the state in which the light emitting element is bent along the circle having the radius of 50 mm. 22. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein in the environment in which the temperature is 85° C. and the humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 1000 hours or longer in a state in which the light emitting element is bent along a circle having a radius of 20 mm. | A light emitting device, according to the present embodiment, has a first insulator, which is transparent to light, a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator, a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer, a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer, and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N.1. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein a contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a temperature is 25° C. and a humidity is 40%, the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.1 N or greater, up to 6 N. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a temperature is 25° C. and a humidity is 40%, the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 0.5 N or greater, up to 5 N. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a temperature is 25° C. and a humidity is 40%, the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element is 1.2 N or greater, up to 4 N. 5. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein, where an ambient temperature is 85° C. and a junction temperature of the light emitting element when a rated current If is applied to the light emitting element is Tjf° C., a contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element, measured by setting a measurement environment temperature to Tjf° C., is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein, where the ambient temperature is 85° C. and the junction temperature of the light emitting element when a current that is half the rated current If is applied to the light emitting element is Tjf° C., the contact pressure between the first conductor layer and the light emitting element, measured at the measurement environment temperature of Tjf° C., is 0.02 N or greater, up to 6 N. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 105° C. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 60° C. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 40° C. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the contact pressure is a contact pressure in an environment in which the measurement environment temperature is 25° C. 11. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein, after a thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in an environment with a temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in an environment with a temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in an environment with a temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 100 times, in a state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, after the thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in the environment with the temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in the environment with the temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 1000 times, in the state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements comprise a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element, which are both based on different standards. 15. The light emitting device according to claim 14, wherein:
a plurality of light emitting element groups comprising the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are formed; and the light emitting elements to constitute the light emitting element groups are arranged so as to be recognized as a single bright spot. 16. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a second conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the second insulator,
wherein the light emitting element is connected to the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer. 17. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting element comprises an electrode and a conductive bump formed on the electrode. 18. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a Vicat softening temperature of the third insulator is 80° C. or greater, up to 160° C. 19. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein:
with the third insulator, a tensile storage elastic modulus in a first temperature range of −40 to 20° C. is 1×108 N or greater, up to 1×1010 N, and does not change by more than one digit within the first temperature range; and a tensile storage elastic modulus in a second temperature range from 160 to 200° C. is 1×106 N or greater, up to 1×108 N, and does not change by more than one digit within the second temperature range. 20. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, in an environment in which the temperature is 85° C. and the humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 100 hours or longer in a state in which the light emitting element is bent along a circle having a radius of 50 mm. 21. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, in the environment in which the temperature is 85° C. and the humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 500 hours or longer in the state in which the light emitting element is bent along the circle having the radius of 50 mm. 22. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein in the environment in which the temperature is 85° C. and the humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 1000 hours or longer in a state in which the light emitting element is bent along a circle having a radius of 20 mm. | 2,800 |
343,820 | 16,803,290 | 2,817 | Systems and methods for semiconductor fabrication are described. A spin coater comprises a spin chuck, a nozzle, a nozzle housing, a purge gas supply, and an organic solvent supply. The nozzle housing includes a lower housing including a solvent storage groove in which the organic solvent is stored, and an upper housing on the lower housing. The upper housing includes a nozzle insert hole on the solvent storage groove and receives the nozzle, and a gas supply hole connected to one side of the nozzle insert hole. | 1. A spin coater, comprising:
a spin chuck that rotates a substrate; a nozzle that provides a photoresist on the substrate; a nozzle housing configured to receive the nozzle; a purge gas supply that supplies a purge gas into the nozzle housing; and a solvent supply that supplies a solvent into the nozzle housing, wherein the nozzle housing includes: a lower housing including a solvent storage groove in Which the solvent is stored; and an upper housing on the lower housing, wherein the upper housing includes: a nozzle insert hole above the solvent storage groove and configured to receive the nozzle; and a gas supply hole connected to one side of the nozzle insert hole. 2. The spin coater of claim 1, wherein the upper housing further includes a gas discharge hole connected to other side of the nozzle insert hole. 3. The spin coater of claim 2, wherein the lower housing further includes:
a solvent supply hole that is below the gas supply hole and is connected to the solvent supply; and a solvent discharge hole below the gas discharge hole. 4. The spin coater of claim 3, further comprising a solvent discharger that is connected to the solvent discharge hole and discharges the solvent from the solvent storage groove. 5. The spin coater of claim 1, further comprising a purge gas exhauster that exhausts the purge gas from the nozzle housing. 6. The spin coater of claim 5, further comprising:
a photoresist supply that provides the photoresist into the nozzle; and a photoresist pipeline that connects the nozzle to the photoresist supply, wherein the purge gas supply and the purge gas exhauster are connected to the photoresist pipeline. 7. The spin coater of claim 6, wherein the photoresist pipeline includes:
an external line; and an internal line in the external line, wherein the purge gas supply provides the purge gas to a gap between an inner wall of the external line and an outer wall of the internal line. 8. The spin coater of claim 7, wherein the photoresist pipeline further includes a filler between the inner wall of the external line and the outer wall of the internal line, the filler with a pore through which the purge gas flows. 9. The spin coater of claim 7, further comprising a first supply line that connects the purge gas supply to the photoresist pipeline,
wherein the first supply line is connected to the external line and is separated from the internal line. 10. The spin coater of claim 1, further comprising:
a purge gas exhauster that exhausts the purge gas from a photoresist pipeline or the nozzle housing; and a first discharge line that connects the photoresist pipeline to the purge gas exhauster, wherein a first supply line is connected adjacent to a photoresist supply, and wherein the first discharge line is connected adjacent to the nozzle. 11. A spin coater, comprising:
a spin chuck that rotates a substrate; a nozzle that provides a photoresist on the substrate; a photoresist supply that provides the nozzle with the photoresist; and a photoresist pipeline that connects the nozzle to the photoresist supply, wherein the photoresist pipeline includes:
an external line;
an internal line in the external line; and
a filler between an inner wall of the external line and an outer wall of the internal line, the filler containing a purge gas. 12. The spin coater of claim 11, further comprising:
a purge gas supply that supplies the purge gas into the filler in the photoresist pipeline; and a first supply line connected between the purge gas supply and the photoresist pipeline, wherein the first supply line is connected to the external line and is separated from the internal line. 13. The spin coater of claim 12, further comprising:
a purge gas exhauster that exhausts the purge gas from the photoresist pipeline; and a first discharge line that connects the photoresist pipeline to the purge gas exhauster, wherein the first supply line is connected adjacent to the photoresist supply, and wherein the first discharge line is connected adjacent to the nozzle. 14. The spin coater of claim 11, wherein the filler includes a polyurethane foam resin. 15. The spin coater of claim 11, wherein the external line and the internal line include a fluoropolymer tube. 16. A semiconductor fabrication method, comprising:
coating a photoresist on a substrate; heating the substrate to cure the photoresist; exposing the photoresist to light; and developing the photoresist to form a photoresist pattern, wherein coating the photoresist includes:
providing the photoresist on the substrate by supplying the photoresist to a nozzle connected to a photoresist pipeline;
driving the nozzle to move toward a nozzle housing;
supplying a solvent into a solvent storage groove of a lower housing of the nozzle housing;
supplying a purge gas into a nozzle insert hole of an upper housing on the lower housing;
allowing a tip of the nozzle to inhale the purge gas; and
allowing the tip of the nozzle to inhale the solvent. 17. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 16, wherein coating the photoresist further includes circulating the purge gas in the photoresist pipeline. 18. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 16, wherein coating the photoresist further includes dipping the tip of the nozzle into the solvent in the solvent storage groove. 19. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 18, further comprising moving the dipped tip of the nozzle into the nozzle insert hole. 20. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 16, wherein the photoresist includes an inorganic photoresist. 21-23. (canceled) | Systems and methods for semiconductor fabrication are described. A spin coater comprises a spin chuck, a nozzle, a nozzle housing, a purge gas supply, and an organic solvent supply. The nozzle housing includes a lower housing including a solvent storage groove in which the organic solvent is stored, and an upper housing on the lower housing. The upper housing includes a nozzle insert hole on the solvent storage groove and receives the nozzle, and a gas supply hole connected to one side of the nozzle insert hole.1. A spin coater, comprising:
a spin chuck that rotates a substrate; a nozzle that provides a photoresist on the substrate; a nozzle housing configured to receive the nozzle; a purge gas supply that supplies a purge gas into the nozzle housing; and a solvent supply that supplies a solvent into the nozzle housing, wherein the nozzle housing includes: a lower housing including a solvent storage groove in Which the solvent is stored; and an upper housing on the lower housing, wherein the upper housing includes: a nozzle insert hole above the solvent storage groove and configured to receive the nozzle; and a gas supply hole connected to one side of the nozzle insert hole. 2. The spin coater of claim 1, wherein the upper housing further includes a gas discharge hole connected to other side of the nozzle insert hole. 3. The spin coater of claim 2, wherein the lower housing further includes:
a solvent supply hole that is below the gas supply hole and is connected to the solvent supply; and a solvent discharge hole below the gas discharge hole. 4. The spin coater of claim 3, further comprising a solvent discharger that is connected to the solvent discharge hole and discharges the solvent from the solvent storage groove. 5. The spin coater of claim 1, further comprising a purge gas exhauster that exhausts the purge gas from the nozzle housing. 6. The spin coater of claim 5, further comprising:
a photoresist supply that provides the photoresist into the nozzle; and a photoresist pipeline that connects the nozzle to the photoresist supply, wherein the purge gas supply and the purge gas exhauster are connected to the photoresist pipeline. 7. The spin coater of claim 6, wherein the photoresist pipeline includes:
an external line; and an internal line in the external line, wherein the purge gas supply provides the purge gas to a gap between an inner wall of the external line and an outer wall of the internal line. 8. The spin coater of claim 7, wherein the photoresist pipeline further includes a filler between the inner wall of the external line and the outer wall of the internal line, the filler with a pore through which the purge gas flows. 9. The spin coater of claim 7, further comprising a first supply line that connects the purge gas supply to the photoresist pipeline,
wherein the first supply line is connected to the external line and is separated from the internal line. 10. The spin coater of claim 1, further comprising:
a purge gas exhauster that exhausts the purge gas from a photoresist pipeline or the nozzle housing; and a first discharge line that connects the photoresist pipeline to the purge gas exhauster, wherein a first supply line is connected adjacent to a photoresist supply, and wherein the first discharge line is connected adjacent to the nozzle. 11. A spin coater, comprising:
a spin chuck that rotates a substrate; a nozzle that provides a photoresist on the substrate; a photoresist supply that provides the nozzle with the photoresist; and a photoresist pipeline that connects the nozzle to the photoresist supply, wherein the photoresist pipeline includes:
an external line;
an internal line in the external line; and
a filler between an inner wall of the external line and an outer wall of the internal line, the filler containing a purge gas. 12. The spin coater of claim 11, further comprising:
a purge gas supply that supplies the purge gas into the filler in the photoresist pipeline; and a first supply line connected between the purge gas supply and the photoresist pipeline, wherein the first supply line is connected to the external line and is separated from the internal line. 13. The spin coater of claim 12, further comprising:
a purge gas exhauster that exhausts the purge gas from the photoresist pipeline; and a first discharge line that connects the photoresist pipeline to the purge gas exhauster, wherein the first supply line is connected adjacent to the photoresist supply, and wherein the first discharge line is connected adjacent to the nozzle. 14. The spin coater of claim 11, wherein the filler includes a polyurethane foam resin. 15. The spin coater of claim 11, wherein the external line and the internal line include a fluoropolymer tube. 16. A semiconductor fabrication method, comprising:
coating a photoresist on a substrate; heating the substrate to cure the photoresist; exposing the photoresist to light; and developing the photoresist to form a photoresist pattern, wherein coating the photoresist includes:
providing the photoresist on the substrate by supplying the photoresist to a nozzle connected to a photoresist pipeline;
driving the nozzle to move toward a nozzle housing;
supplying a solvent into a solvent storage groove of a lower housing of the nozzle housing;
supplying a purge gas into a nozzle insert hole of an upper housing on the lower housing;
allowing a tip of the nozzle to inhale the purge gas; and
allowing the tip of the nozzle to inhale the solvent. 17. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 16, wherein coating the photoresist further includes circulating the purge gas in the photoresist pipeline. 18. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 16, wherein coating the photoresist further includes dipping the tip of the nozzle into the solvent in the solvent storage groove. 19. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 18, further comprising moving the dipped tip of the nozzle into the nozzle insert hole. 20. The semiconductor fabrication method of claim 16, wherein the photoresist includes an inorganic photoresist. 21-23. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,821 | 16,803,267 | 2,817 | A resetting element for transmitting resetting force to a thermal switch. The resetting element includes a first end and an elastic element configured to transmit a force received at the first end to the reset switch of the thermal switch, wherein the elastic element is prevents damage to the thermal switch by decreasing the force transmitted to the reset switch from the first end. | 1. A resetting element for transmitting a resetting force to a reset switch of a thermal switch, comprising:
an elongated body having a first end configured to receive the resetting force and a second end configured to abut a housing of the thermal switch; and an elastic element fixedly attached to the elongated body and configured to transmit at least a portion of the resetting force received at the first end to the reset switch of the thermal switch, wherein the elastic element is configured to decrease the resetting force transmitted to the reset switch from the first end. 2. (canceled) 3. The resetting element of claim 1, wherein the elastic element is movably positionable to contact the reset switch, and wherein the second end of the resetting element is configured to move between a first position spaced apart from the housing of the thermal switch and a second position in contact with the housing of the thermal switch, wherein the second end of the resetting element in the second position limits movement of the elastic element toward the reset switch. 4. The resetting element of claim 2, wherein the elongated body extends from the first end to the second end along a first axis, and wherein a first portion of the elastic element is connected to the elongated body and extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 5. The resetting element of claim 4, wherein the elastic element further comprises an abutment portion configured to contact or selectively contact the reset switch, wherein the abutment portion extends along a third axis that is substantially parallel to the second axis. 6. The resetting element of claim 5, wherein the elastic element further comprises an s-shaped portion connecting the first portion to the abutment portion. 7. The resetting element of claim 1, wherein the elongated body is stiffer than the elastic element, and wherein the elastic element is connected to the elongated body at a portion of the elongated body that is closer to the second end of the elongated body than to the first end of the elongated body. 8. (canceled) 9. The resetting element of claim 1, wherein the elongated body is configured to move along a first axis in a first direction in response to the resetting force being applied in the first direction, wherein the elastic element is configured to transfer the resetting force to the reset switch along a switch axis in the first direction, wherein the switch axis is spaced apart from the first axis. 10. The resetting element of claim 3, wherein the elastic element is configured to move and transfer a spring force to the reset switch when movement of the second end of the elongated body is limited by contacting the housing of the thermal switch. 11. A firestat, comprising:
a detection device with a reset switch; a resetting element configured to transmit a resetting force to the reset switch of the detection device, comprising:
a first end configured to receive the resetting force applied to the first end in a first direction; and
an elastic element configured to transmit at least a portion of the resetting force received at the first end to the reset switch of the detection device in the first direction, wherein the elastic element is configured to decrease the resetting force transmitted to the reset switch from the first end. 12. The firestat of claim 11, wherein the resetting element further includes an elongated body extending from the first end of the resetting element to a second end of the resetting element. 13. The firestat of claim 12, wherein the elastic element is integrally connected to the elongated body, and wherein the second end of the resetting element is configured to abut a housing of the detection device. 14. The firestat of claim 12, wherein the elongated body extends from the first end to the second end along a first axis, and wherein a first portion of the elastic element is connected to the elongated body and extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 15. The firestat of claim 14, wherein the elastic element further comprises an abutment portion configured to contact or selectively contact the reset switch, wherein the abutment portion extends along a third axis that is substantially parallel to the second axis. 16. The firestat of claim 15, wherein the elastic element further comprises a first an s-shaped portion connecting the first portion of the elastic element to the abutment portion. 17. The firestat of claim 14, wherein the elongated body is stiffer than the elastic element, and wherein the elastic element is connected to the elongated body at a portion of elongated body that is closer to the second end of the elongated body than to the first end of the elongated body. 18. (canceled) 19. The firestat of claim 11, further comprising a housing, the housing comprising:
a receiving portion for slideably containing the resetting element; an opening configured to receive the first end of the resetting element such that a user can apply the resetting force to the resetting element from outside of the housing. 20. The firestat of claim 19, wherein the housing further comprises:
a holding portion having the detection device mounted thereto, wherein the opening is on an opposite side of the housing from the holding portion. 21. The firestat of claim 19, wherein the reset switch is configured to protrude from the housing of the detection device and apply a force to the resetting element in a direction opposite the first direction in response to exposure of the detection device to a temperature greater than a preset threshold temperature, and wherein elastic element is configured to cause the reset switch to retract into the housing of the detection device upon transmission of at least the portion of the resetting force to the reset switch. 22. The firestat of claim 11, further comprising:
a second detection device with a second detection device reset switch; a second resetting element configured to transmit a second resetting force to the second detection device reset switch, the second resetting element comprising:
a second resetting element first end configured to receive the second resetting force applied to the second resetting element first end in the first direction; and
a second resetting element elastic portion configured to transmit at least a portion of the second resetting force received at the second resetting element first end to the second detection device reset switch, wherein the second resetting element elastic portion is configured to prevent damage to the second detection device by decreasing the second resetting force transmitted to the second detection device reset switch from the second resetting element first end. 23. A heat responsive device, comprising:
a thermal detection device, comprising:
a thermal sensor configured to cause discontinuity between a first terminal of the thermal sensor and a second terminal of the thermal sensor upon exposure of the thermal sensor to a temperature greater than a preset threshold temperature; and
a reset button configured to receive a force to reset the thermal sensor; and
a resetting element, comprising:
a first end configured to receive a resetting force; and
an elastic element configured to at least partially absorb the resetting force and to transmit the force to the reset button of the thermal detection device to reset the thermal sensor, wherein the force is less than or equal to the resetting force. 24. The heat responsive device of claim 23, wherein the resetting element further comprises an elongated body extending from the first end to a second end, and wherein the elastic element is fixedly attached to the elongated body. 25. The heat responsive device of claim 23, wherein the first end is configured to receive the resetting force applied to the first end in a first direction, and wherein the elastic element is configured transmit the force to the reset button in the first direction. | A resetting element for transmitting resetting force to a thermal switch. The resetting element includes a first end and an elastic element configured to transmit a force received at the first end to the reset switch of the thermal switch, wherein the elastic element is prevents damage to the thermal switch by decreasing the force transmitted to the reset switch from the first end.1. A resetting element for transmitting a resetting force to a reset switch of a thermal switch, comprising:
an elongated body having a first end configured to receive the resetting force and a second end configured to abut a housing of the thermal switch; and an elastic element fixedly attached to the elongated body and configured to transmit at least a portion of the resetting force received at the first end to the reset switch of the thermal switch, wherein the elastic element is configured to decrease the resetting force transmitted to the reset switch from the first end. 2. (canceled) 3. The resetting element of claim 1, wherein the elastic element is movably positionable to contact the reset switch, and wherein the second end of the resetting element is configured to move between a first position spaced apart from the housing of the thermal switch and a second position in contact with the housing of the thermal switch, wherein the second end of the resetting element in the second position limits movement of the elastic element toward the reset switch. 4. The resetting element of claim 2, wherein the elongated body extends from the first end to the second end along a first axis, and wherein a first portion of the elastic element is connected to the elongated body and extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 5. The resetting element of claim 4, wherein the elastic element further comprises an abutment portion configured to contact or selectively contact the reset switch, wherein the abutment portion extends along a third axis that is substantially parallel to the second axis. 6. The resetting element of claim 5, wherein the elastic element further comprises an s-shaped portion connecting the first portion to the abutment portion. 7. The resetting element of claim 1, wherein the elongated body is stiffer than the elastic element, and wherein the elastic element is connected to the elongated body at a portion of the elongated body that is closer to the second end of the elongated body than to the first end of the elongated body. 8. (canceled) 9. The resetting element of claim 1, wherein the elongated body is configured to move along a first axis in a first direction in response to the resetting force being applied in the first direction, wherein the elastic element is configured to transfer the resetting force to the reset switch along a switch axis in the first direction, wherein the switch axis is spaced apart from the first axis. 10. The resetting element of claim 3, wherein the elastic element is configured to move and transfer a spring force to the reset switch when movement of the second end of the elongated body is limited by contacting the housing of the thermal switch. 11. A firestat, comprising:
a detection device with a reset switch; a resetting element configured to transmit a resetting force to the reset switch of the detection device, comprising:
a first end configured to receive the resetting force applied to the first end in a first direction; and
an elastic element configured to transmit at least a portion of the resetting force received at the first end to the reset switch of the detection device in the first direction, wherein the elastic element is configured to decrease the resetting force transmitted to the reset switch from the first end. 12. The firestat of claim 11, wherein the resetting element further includes an elongated body extending from the first end of the resetting element to a second end of the resetting element. 13. The firestat of claim 12, wherein the elastic element is integrally connected to the elongated body, and wherein the second end of the resetting element is configured to abut a housing of the detection device. 14. The firestat of claim 12, wherein the elongated body extends from the first end to the second end along a first axis, and wherein a first portion of the elastic element is connected to the elongated body and extends along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. 15. The firestat of claim 14, wherein the elastic element further comprises an abutment portion configured to contact or selectively contact the reset switch, wherein the abutment portion extends along a third axis that is substantially parallel to the second axis. 16. The firestat of claim 15, wherein the elastic element further comprises a first an s-shaped portion connecting the first portion of the elastic element to the abutment portion. 17. The firestat of claim 14, wherein the elongated body is stiffer than the elastic element, and wherein the elastic element is connected to the elongated body at a portion of elongated body that is closer to the second end of the elongated body than to the first end of the elongated body. 18. (canceled) 19. The firestat of claim 11, further comprising a housing, the housing comprising:
a receiving portion for slideably containing the resetting element; an opening configured to receive the first end of the resetting element such that a user can apply the resetting force to the resetting element from outside of the housing. 20. The firestat of claim 19, wherein the housing further comprises:
a holding portion having the detection device mounted thereto, wherein the opening is on an opposite side of the housing from the holding portion. 21. The firestat of claim 19, wherein the reset switch is configured to protrude from the housing of the detection device and apply a force to the resetting element in a direction opposite the first direction in response to exposure of the detection device to a temperature greater than a preset threshold temperature, and wherein elastic element is configured to cause the reset switch to retract into the housing of the detection device upon transmission of at least the portion of the resetting force to the reset switch. 22. The firestat of claim 11, further comprising:
a second detection device with a second detection device reset switch; a second resetting element configured to transmit a second resetting force to the second detection device reset switch, the second resetting element comprising:
a second resetting element first end configured to receive the second resetting force applied to the second resetting element first end in the first direction; and
a second resetting element elastic portion configured to transmit at least a portion of the second resetting force received at the second resetting element first end to the second detection device reset switch, wherein the second resetting element elastic portion is configured to prevent damage to the second detection device by decreasing the second resetting force transmitted to the second detection device reset switch from the second resetting element first end. 23. A heat responsive device, comprising:
a thermal detection device, comprising:
a thermal sensor configured to cause discontinuity between a first terminal of the thermal sensor and a second terminal of the thermal sensor upon exposure of the thermal sensor to a temperature greater than a preset threshold temperature; and
a reset button configured to receive a force to reset the thermal sensor; and
a resetting element, comprising:
a first end configured to receive a resetting force; and
an elastic element configured to at least partially absorb the resetting force and to transmit the force to the reset button of the thermal detection device to reset the thermal sensor, wherein the force is less than or equal to the resetting force. 24. The heat responsive device of claim 23, wherein the resetting element further comprises an elongated body extending from the first end to a second end, and wherein the elastic element is fixedly attached to the elongated body. 25. The heat responsive device of claim 23, wherein the first end is configured to receive the resetting force applied to the first end in a first direction, and wherein the elastic element is configured transmit the force to the reset button in the first direction. | 2,800 |
343,822 | 16,803,266 | 2,817 | In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a method for receiving a signal, comprising the estimation step for estimating time and frequency shifts that are embedded in the received signal, to cancel-out shifts, wherein the method refers to the non-commutative shift parameter space of co-dimension 2. | 1. A method for receiving an image signal, comprising an estimation step for estimating a space shift and a spatial frequency shift (SSFS) that are embedded in the image signal, with reference to two non-commutative shift parameter spaces of co-dimension 2, wherein
each of the space shift and the spatial frequency shift has dimension 2. 2. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the estimation step estimates the SSFSs, with reference to 2-D symmetrical SSF operator (SSFSO)s
[MFC1] 3. A method for transmitting an image signal, comprising a shift step for space-spatial frequency shifting the image signal to be transmitted, with reference to two non-commutative shift parameter spaces of co-dimension 2, wherein each of the space shift and the spatial frequency shift has dimension 2. 4. The method recited in claim 3, wherein the shift step space-spatial frequency shifts the image signal to be transmitted, with reference to 2-D symmetrical SSFSOs
[MFC3] | In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a method for receiving a signal, comprising the estimation step for estimating time and frequency shifts that are embedded in the received signal, to cancel-out shifts, wherein the method refers to the non-commutative shift parameter space of co-dimension 2.1. A method for receiving an image signal, comprising an estimation step for estimating a space shift and a spatial frequency shift (SSFS) that are embedded in the image signal, with reference to two non-commutative shift parameter spaces of co-dimension 2, wherein
each of the space shift and the spatial frequency shift has dimension 2. 2. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the estimation step estimates the SSFSs, with reference to 2-D symmetrical SSF operator (SSFSO)s
[MFC1] 3. A method for transmitting an image signal, comprising a shift step for space-spatial frequency shifting the image signal to be transmitted, with reference to two non-commutative shift parameter spaces of co-dimension 2, wherein each of the space shift and the spatial frequency shift has dimension 2. 4. The method recited in claim 3, wherein the shift step space-spatial frequency shifts the image signal to be transmitted, with reference to 2-D symmetrical SSFSOs
[MFC3] | 2,800 |
343,823 | 16,803,291 | 2,817 | A method of forming a molecular separation device is provided. The method comprises growing or depositing a silica MFI zeolite coating on a ceramic support. The method further comprises growing a ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite coating. Growing the ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite comprises applying a first reactant fluid including a metal salt and a second reactant fluid including an imidazole reactant to the silica MFI zeolite coating. Growing the ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite further comprises reacting the first and second reactant fluid with the silica MFI zeolite coating to produce the ZIF-8 coating. In certain implementations, at least a portion of the ZIF-8 coating is interspersed with a portion of the silica MFI coating. A molecular separation device including the ZIF-8 coating and the silica MFI zeolite is also disclosed. | 1. A method of forming a molecular separation device, comprising:
growing or depositing a silica MFI zeolite coating on a ceramic support; and growing a ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite coating, comprising:
applying a first reactant fluid including a metal salt and a second reactant fluid including an imidazole reactant to the silica MFI zeolite coating; and
reacting the first and second reactant fluid on the silica MFI zeolite coating to produce the ZIF-8 coating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support comprises subjecting the ceramic support to a dip coating process or a vacuum-assisted filtration process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support, comprises:
coating the ceramic support with a layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support, further comprises:
coating the layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles with a layer of 2D MFI nanosheets. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support, comprises:
coating the ceramic support with a layer of 3D MFI nanosheets. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reactant fluid and the second reactant fluid are mixed prior to applying the first reactant fluid and the second reactant fluid to the silica MFI zeolite coating. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the metal salt is zinc acetate dihydrate and the imidazole reactant is 2-methylimidazole. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting the first reactant fluid and the second reactant fluid comprises at least one of subjecting to ambient conditions, heating, or crystallizing by cooling past supersaturation. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the silica MFI zeolite coating and the ZIF-8 coating form a mixed matrix membrane. 10. A method of forming a molecular separation device, comprising:
growing or depositing a porous, nanocrystalline material comprising a zeolite on a ceramic support; and growing a porous, polycrystalline material comprising a metal-organic framework (MOF) on the porous, nanocrystalline material comprising the zeolite, comprising:
applying a first reactant fluid including a metal salt to the porous, nanocrystalline material;
converting the first reactant fluid to a metal-containing film by solvent evaporation;
applying a second reactant fluid including an imidazole reactant in vapor form to the ceramic support with the porous, nanocrystalline material; and
reacting the imidazole reactant in vapor form with the metal-containing film to convert the metal-containing film into the porous, polycrystalline material. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the zeolite includes a pure-silica MFI zeolite. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pure-silica MFI zeolite is selected from high-aspect ratio (2D) MFI nanosheets, isotropic 3D MFI nanoparticles, or a combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the MOF is a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ZIF is selected from ZIF-8, ZIF-90, or a hybrid, mixed-linker ZIF. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ceramic support comprises alumina. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein growing or depositing the porous, nanocrystalline material comprising the zeolite on the ceramic support comprises subjecting the ceramic support to a dip coating process or a vacuum-assisted filtration process. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein growing or depositing the porous, nanocrystalline material comprising the zeolite on the ceramic support, comprises:
coating the ceramic support with a layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles; and coating the layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles with a layer of 2D MFI nanosheets. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein converting the first reactant fluid to the metal-containing film by solvent evaporation comprises at least one of subjecting to ambient conditions, heating, or crystallizing by cooling past supersaturation. 19. A molecular separation device, comprising:
a porous, polycrystalline membrane material comprising a metal-organic framework (MOF); and a porous, nanocrystalline material comprising a zeolite,
wherein the nanocrystalline material is dispersed within at least a portion of the polycrystalline membrane material;
wherein the nanocrystalline material provides a plurality of nanoporous structures; and
wherein the molecular separation device has a propylene permeability greater than 100 barrer and a propylene to propane selectivity greater than 100. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the MOF includes a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) and the zeolite includes a pure-silica MFI zeolite selected from high-aspect ratio MFI nanosheets, 3D MFI nanoparticles, or a combination thereof. | A method of forming a molecular separation device is provided. The method comprises growing or depositing a silica MFI zeolite coating on a ceramic support. The method further comprises growing a ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite coating. Growing the ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite comprises applying a first reactant fluid including a metal salt and a second reactant fluid including an imidazole reactant to the silica MFI zeolite coating. Growing the ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite further comprises reacting the first and second reactant fluid with the silica MFI zeolite coating to produce the ZIF-8 coating. In certain implementations, at least a portion of the ZIF-8 coating is interspersed with a portion of the silica MFI coating. A molecular separation device including the ZIF-8 coating and the silica MFI zeolite is also disclosed.1. A method of forming a molecular separation device, comprising:
growing or depositing a silica MFI zeolite coating on a ceramic support; and growing a ZIF-8 coating on the silica MFI zeolite coating, comprising:
applying a first reactant fluid including a metal salt and a second reactant fluid including an imidazole reactant to the silica MFI zeolite coating; and
reacting the first and second reactant fluid on the silica MFI zeolite coating to produce the ZIF-8 coating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support comprises subjecting the ceramic support to a dip coating process or a vacuum-assisted filtration process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support, comprises:
coating the ceramic support with a layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support, further comprises:
coating the layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles with a layer of 2D MFI nanosheets. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein growing or depositing the silica MFI zeolite coating on the ceramic support, comprises:
coating the ceramic support with a layer of 3D MFI nanosheets. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reactant fluid and the second reactant fluid are mixed prior to applying the first reactant fluid and the second reactant fluid to the silica MFI zeolite coating. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the metal salt is zinc acetate dihydrate and the imidazole reactant is 2-methylimidazole. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting the first reactant fluid and the second reactant fluid comprises at least one of subjecting to ambient conditions, heating, or crystallizing by cooling past supersaturation. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the silica MFI zeolite coating and the ZIF-8 coating form a mixed matrix membrane. 10. A method of forming a molecular separation device, comprising:
growing or depositing a porous, nanocrystalline material comprising a zeolite on a ceramic support; and growing a porous, polycrystalline material comprising a metal-organic framework (MOF) on the porous, nanocrystalline material comprising the zeolite, comprising:
applying a first reactant fluid including a metal salt to the porous, nanocrystalline material;
converting the first reactant fluid to a metal-containing film by solvent evaporation;
applying a second reactant fluid including an imidazole reactant in vapor form to the ceramic support with the porous, nanocrystalline material; and
reacting the imidazole reactant in vapor form with the metal-containing film to convert the metal-containing film into the porous, polycrystalline material. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the zeolite includes a pure-silica MFI zeolite. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pure-silica MFI zeolite is selected from high-aspect ratio (2D) MFI nanosheets, isotropic 3D MFI nanoparticles, or a combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the MOF is a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ZIF is selected from ZIF-8, ZIF-90, or a hybrid, mixed-linker ZIF. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ceramic support comprises alumina. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein growing or depositing the porous, nanocrystalline material comprising the zeolite on the ceramic support comprises subjecting the ceramic support to a dip coating process or a vacuum-assisted filtration process. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein growing or depositing the porous, nanocrystalline material comprising the zeolite on the ceramic support, comprises:
coating the ceramic support with a layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles; and coating the layer of 3D MFI nanoparticles with a layer of 2D MFI nanosheets. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein converting the first reactant fluid to the metal-containing film by solvent evaporation comprises at least one of subjecting to ambient conditions, heating, or crystallizing by cooling past supersaturation. 19. A molecular separation device, comprising:
a porous, polycrystalline membrane material comprising a metal-organic framework (MOF); and a porous, nanocrystalline material comprising a zeolite,
wherein the nanocrystalline material is dispersed within at least a portion of the polycrystalline membrane material;
wherein the nanocrystalline material provides a plurality of nanoporous structures; and
wherein the molecular separation device has a propylene permeability greater than 100 barrer and a propylene to propane selectivity greater than 100. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the MOF includes a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) and the zeolite includes a pure-silica MFI zeolite selected from high-aspect ratio MFI nanosheets, 3D MFI nanoparticles, or a combination thereof. | 2,800 |
343,824 | 16,803,280 | 2,817 | An organic electroluminescent material and a device thereof are disclosed. The organic electroluminescent material uses a compound having a novel carbazole structure, and can be used as hole blocking material, host material in an electroluminescent device. These novel compounds can provide better device performance, such as obtaining device performance of very low driving-voltage, high efficiency, and long lifetime. | 1. A compound having the structure of Formula 1: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 and R3 are unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from phenyl, biphenyl or terphenyl. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is biphenyl or terphenyl. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 6. The compound of claim 2, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 7. The compound of claim 3, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 8. The compound of claim 4, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein Rb is hydrogen. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein Rc, Rd and Re are hydrogen. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein the hydrogen in the Compound 1 to Compound 270 can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium. 13. An electroluminescent device, which comprises 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the organic layer is a hole blocking layer, and the compound is a hole blocking material. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein the organic layer is a light emitting layer and the compound is a host material. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the organic layer further comprises phosphorescent material. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the phosphorescent material is a metal complex, wherein the metal complex comprises at least one ligand, and the ligand comprises any one of the following structures: 18. The device of claim 15, wherein the organic layer further comprises at least one host material different from the compound having Formula 1. 19. A compound formulation comprising the compound of claim 1. | An organic electroluminescent material and a device thereof are disclosed. The organic electroluminescent material uses a compound having a novel carbazole structure, and can be used as hole blocking material, host material in an electroluminescent device. These novel compounds can provide better device performance, such as obtaining device performance of very low driving-voltage, high efficiency, and long lifetime.1. A compound having the structure of Formula 1: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 and R3 are unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from phenyl, biphenyl or terphenyl. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is biphenyl or terphenyl. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 6. The compound of claim 2, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 7. The compound of claim 3, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 8. The compound of claim 4, wherein L is selected from a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably, L is a single bond. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein Rb is hydrogen. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein Rc, Rd and Re are hydrogen. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein the hydrogen in the Compound 1 to Compound 270 can be partially or completely replaced by deuterium. 13. An electroluminescent device, which comprises 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the organic layer is a hole blocking layer, and the compound is a hole blocking material. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein the organic layer is a light emitting layer and the compound is a host material. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the organic layer further comprises phosphorescent material. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the phosphorescent material is a metal complex, wherein the metal complex comprises at least one ligand, and the ligand comprises any one of the following structures: 18. The device of claim 15, wherein the organic layer further comprises at least one host material different from the compound having Formula 1. 19. A compound formulation comprising the compound of claim 1. | 2,800 |
343,825 | 16,803,251 | 2,817 | According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of devices, systems, and methods related to controlling machines using operator control units and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). In an exemplary embodiment, a machine control system includes a machine, a programmable logic controller coupled to the machine, and an operator control unit. The operator control unit includes a user interface configured to receive one or more commands from an operator for controlling the machine, and a wireless interface configured to transmit a message based on the one or more commands received via the user interface. The programmable logic controller is configured to, in response to receiving the message transmitted by the operator control unit, transmit one or more control signals to the machine to control operation of the machine. The system does not include any machine control unit (MCU) separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller. | 1. A machine control system comprising:
a machine adapted to perform one or more operations in response to one or more control signals; a programmable logic controller including a wireless interface; and an operator control unit including:
a user interface configured to receive one or more telecommands for allowing an operator to control movement of the machine; and
a wireless interface configured to transmit a message directly to the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller without another control unit between the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller, the message transmitted according to the one or more telecommands received via the user interface;
the programmable logic controller configured to, in response to receiving the message transmitted by the operator control unit, transmit one or more control signals to the machine to control movement of the machine according to the message transmitted by the operator control unit, wherein the system does not include any machine control unit separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller; wherein:
the message transmitted by the operator control unit includes one or more data elements; and
the programmable logic controller includes an add-on profile configured to decode the one or more data elements to interpret the one or more telecommands. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and a timestamp. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements include one or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least two or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least one source and at least one target. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the programmable logic controller is positioned at a stationary location of the machine; and the operator control unit is portable and remote from the machine and the programmable logic controller. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller comprises a WiFi radio interface; and the wireless interface of the operator control unit is configured to transmit a message to the WiFi radio interface of the programmable logic controller according to the one or more telecommands received via the user interface. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the message transmitted by the operator control unit is a safe message, the one or more telecommands received by the user interface of the operator control unit encoded in the safe message. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the add-on profile is configured to interpret at least one of a hoist up command, a hoist down command, a hoist speed command, a bridge forward command, a bridge reverse command, a bridge speed command, a trolley forward command, a trolley reverse command, and a trolley speed command. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless interface of the operator control unit is configured to transmit the message via a radio frequency channel; and/or the system further comprises a wireless router, the wireless router configured to:
receive the message transmitted by the operator control unit; and
transmit the message to the programmable logic controller. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the operator control unit is one of multiple operator control units arranged in a mesh network; and/or the operator control unit is configured to transmit the message to the programmable logic controller via an infrastructure network. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the operator control unit is configured to transmit the message to the programmable logic controller via an infrastructure network including multiple network devices connected via a backhaul or a hard-wired connection; and/or the machine comprises a crane adapted to perform one or more operations in response to the one or more control signals. 13. A method of controlling a machine in a system including a programmable logic controller and an operator control unit having a user interface and a wireless interface, the programmable logic controller including a wireless interface, the method comprising:
receiving, via the user interface of the operator control unit, one or more telecommands for allowing an operator to control movement of the machine; transmitting, by the wireless interface of the operator control unit, a message directly to the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller without another control unit between the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller, the transmitted message based on the one or more telecommands received via the user interface; receiving, at the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller, the message transmitted by the operator control unit; and transmitting, by the programmable logic controller, one or more control signals to the machine to control movement of the machine according to the message transmitted by the operator control unit, wherein the system does not include any machine control unit separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller; wherein:
the message transmitted by the operator control unit includes one or more data elements;
the programmable logic controller includes an add-on profile; and
the method further comprises decoding, by the add-on profile, the one or more data elements to interpret the one or more telecommands. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and a timestamp. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements include one or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least two or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least one source and at least one target. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the programmable logic controller is positioned at a stationary location of the machine; and the operator control unit is portable and remote from the machine and the programmable logic controller. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller comprises a WiFi radio interface; and/or the message transmitted by the wireless interface of the operator control unit is sent directly to the programmable logic controller via a WiFi radio frequency channel; and/or the message transmitted by the wireless interface of the operator control unit is sent to the programmable logic controller via an infrastructure network including at least one of a wireless router, a hard-wired connection, and a backhaul. 20. A programmable logic controller comprising:
a wireless interface configured to receive a message transmitted directly to the wireless interface by a wireless interface of an operator control unit, the message including one or more telecommands received via a user interface of the operator control unit for allowing an operator to control movement of a machine; a machine interface configured to transmit one or more control signals to a machine to control movement of the machine; and an add-on profile configured to:
decode and interpret the one or more telecommands in the message transmitted by the operator control unit; and
transmit one or more control signals to the machine to control movement of the machine according to the one or more telecommands, wherein the programmable logic controller does not receive the message transmitted by the operator control unit via any machine control unit separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller;
wherein:
the one or more control signals include one or more data elements; and
the add-on profile is configured to decode the one or more data elements to interpret the one or more telecommands. 21. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and a timestamp. 22. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements include one or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 23. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least two or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 24. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least one source and at least one target. 25. The controller of claim 20, wherein:
the programmable logic controller is positioned at a stationary location of the machine; and the operator control unit is portable and remote from the machine and the programmable logic controller; and/or the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller comprises a WiFi radio interface. | According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of devices, systems, and methods related to controlling machines using operator control units and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). In an exemplary embodiment, a machine control system includes a machine, a programmable logic controller coupled to the machine, and an operator control unit. The operator control unit includes a user interface configured to receive one or more commands from an operator for controlling the machine, and a wireless interface configured to transmit a message based on the one or more commands received via the user interface. The programmable logic controller is configured to, in response to receiving the message transmitted by the operator control unit, transmit one or more control signals to the machine to control operation of the machine. The system does not include any machine control unit (MCU) separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller.1. A machine control system comprising:
a machine adapted to perform one or more operations in response to one or more control signals; a programmable logic controller including a wireless interface; and an operator control unit including:
a user interface configured to receive one or more telecommands for allowing an operator to control movement of the machine; and
a wireless interface configured to transmit a message directly to the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller without another control unit between the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller, the message transmitted according to the one or more telecommands received via the user interface;
the programmable logic controller configured to, in response to receiving the message transmitted by the operator control unit, transmit one or more control signals to the machine to control movement of the machine according to the message transmitted by the operator control unit, wherein the system does not include any machine control unit separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller; wherein:
the message transmitted by the operator control unit includes one or more data elements; and
the programmable logic controller includes an add-on profile configured to decode the one or more data elements to interpret the one or more telecommands. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and a timestamp. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements include one or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least two or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least one source and at least one target. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the programmable logic controller is positioned at a stationary location of the machine; and the operator control unit is portable and remote from the machine and the programmable logic controller. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller comprises a WiFi radio interface; and the wireless interface of the operator control unit is configured to transmit a message to the WiFi radio interface of the programmable logic controller according to the one or more telecommands received via the user interface. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the message transmitted by the operator control unit is a safe message, the one or more telecommands received by the user interface of the operator control unit encoded in the safe message. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the add-on profile is configured to interpret at least one of a hoist up command, a hoist down command, a hoist speed command, a bridge forward command, a bridge reverse command, a bridge speed command, a trolley forward command, a trolley reverse command, and a trolley speed command. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless interface of the operator control unit is configured to transmit the message via a radio frequency channel; and/or the system further comprises a wireless router, the wireless router configured to:
receive the message transmitted by the operator control unit; and
transmit the message to the programmable logic controller. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the operator control unit is one of multiple operator control units arranged in a mesh network; and/or the operator control unit is configured to transmit the message to the programmable logic controller via an infrastructure network. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the operator control unit is configured to transmit the message to the programmable logic controller via an infrastructure network including multiple network devices connected via a backhaul or a hard-wired connection; and/or the machine comprises a crane adapted to perform one or more operations in response to the one or more control signals. 13. A method of controlling a machine in a system including a programmable logic controller and an operator control unit having a user interface and a wireless interface, the programmable logic controller including a wireless interface, the method comprising:
receiving, via the user interface of the operator control unit, one or more telecommands for allowing an operator to control movement of the machine; transmitting, by the wireless interface of the operator control unit, a message directly to the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller without another control unit between the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller, the transmitted message based on the one or more telecommands received via the user interface; receiving, at the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller, the message transmitted by the operator control unit; and transmitting, by the programmable logic controller, one or more control signals to the machine to control movement of the machine according to the message transmitted by the operator control unit, wherein the system does not include any machine control unit separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller; wherein:
the message transmitted by the operator control unit includes one or more data elements;
the programmable logic controller includes an add-on profile; and
the method further comprises decoding, by the add-on profile, the one or more data elements to interpret the one or more telecommands. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and a timestamp. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements include one or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least two or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least one source and at least one target. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the programmable logic controller is positioned at a stationary location of the machine; and the operator control unit is portable and remote from the machine and the programmable logic controller. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller comprises a WiFi radio interface; and/or the message transmitted by the wireless interface of the operator control unit is sent directly to the programmable logic controller via a WiFi radio frequency channel; and/or the message transmitted by the wireless interface of the operator control unit is sent to the programmable logic controller via an infrastructure network including at least one of a wireless router, a hard-wired connection, and a backhaul. 20. A programmable logic controller comprising:
a wireless interface configured to receive a message transmitted directly to the wireless interface by a wireless interface of an operator control unit, the message including one or more telecommands received via a user interface of the operator control unit for allowing an operator to control movement of a machine; a machine interface configured to transmit one or more control signals to a machine to control movement of the machine; and an add-on profile configured to:
decode and interpret the one or more telecommands in the message transmitted by the operator control unit; and
transmit one or more control signals to the machine to control movement of the machine according to the one or more telecommands, wherein the programmable logic controller does not receive the message transmitted by the operator control unit via any machine control unit separate from the operator control unit and the programmable logic controller;
wherein:
the one or more control signals include one or more data elements; and
the add-on profile is configured to decode the one or more data elements to interpret the one or more telecommands. 21. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and a timestamp. 22. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements include one or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 23. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least two or more of: a source, a target, a cyclic redundancy check, and/or a timestamp. 24. The controller of claim 20, wherein the one or more data elements comprise multiple data elements including at least one source and at least one target. 25. The controller of claim 20, wherein:
the programmable logic controller is positioned at a stationary location of the machine; and the operator control unit is portable and remote from the machine and the programmable logic controller; and/or the wireless interface of the programmable logic controller comprises a WiFi radio interface. | 2,800 |
343,826 | 16,803,268 | 2,817 | The present disclosure relates to a powered screwdriver. The powered screwdriver includes a housing, a motor housed in the housing and a tool holder driven by the motor. The tool holder selectively holds both a screwdriver bit and a hex key. The hex key includes a bend such that legs of the hex key are transverse to one another. | 1. A screwdriver, comprising
a housing; a motor housed in the housing; and a tool holder driven by the motor; wherein the tool holder is configured to selectively hold both a screwdriver bit and a hex key; wherein the hex key includes a bend. 2. The screwdriver of claim 1, wherein the screwdriver bit has a hexagonal insertion portion which engages with the tool holder; and
wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is 0.625 of an inch or less in length. 3. The screwdriver of claim 2, wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is about 0.5 of an inch or less in length. 4. The screwdriver of claim 1, wherein the bend is such that the hex key includes a first leg and a second leg, wherein the first leg is transverse to the second leg. 5. The screwdriver of claim 4, wherein the first leg is longer than the second leg. 6. The screwdriver of claim 1, wherein the tool holder is integral with the screwdriver. 7. A screwdriver comprising:
a housing; a motor housed in the housing; and a tool holder driven by the motor; wherein the tool holder is configured to selectively hold both a screwdriver bit, a first hex key and a second hex key; wherein the first hex key includes a first key bend and has a first diameter; wherein the second hex key includes a second key bend and has a second diameter, different than the first diameter. 8. The screwdriver of claim 8, wherein the screwdriver bit has a hexagonal insertion portion which engages with the tool holder; and
wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is 0.625 of an inch or less in length. 9. The screwdriver of claim 9, wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is about 0.5 of an inch or less in length. 10. The screwdriver of claim 10, wherein the tool holder is integral with the screwdriver. 11. The screwdriver of claim 8, wherein the tool holder includes a retainer. 12. The screwdriver of claim 11, wherein the retainer has a side opening at a side of the retainer. 13. The screwdriver of claim 12, wherein when the first hex key is held in the tool holder, a portion of the first hex key projects through the side opening of the retainer. 14. The screwdriver of claim 13, wherein the tool holder further comprises a rotary member which rotates to secure and release the screwdriver bit, the first hex key and the second hex key. 15. The screwdriver of claim 14, wherein the retainer is stepped. 16. The screwdriver of claim 15, wherein the retainer has a plurality of different sections of different sizes. 17. A screwdriver, comprising
a housing; a motor housed in the housing; and a tool holder driven by the motor; wherein the tool holder is configured to selectively hold both a screwdriver bit and a hex key; wherein the hex key includes a bend; wherein the screwdriver bit has a hexagonal insertion portion which engages with the tool holder; wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is 0.625 of an inch or less in length; wherein the bend is such that the hex key includes a first leg and a second leg, wherein the first leg is transverse to the second leg; wherein the first leg is longer than the second leg; wherein the tool holder includes a retainer; wherein the retainer has a side opening at a side of the retainer; wherein when the hex key is held in the tool holder, one of the first leg and the second leg projects through the side opening of the retainer. 18. The screwdriver of claim 17, wherein herein the tool holder further comprises a rotary member which rotates to secure and release the screwdriver bit and the hex key from being held by the tool holder. 19. The screwdriver of claim 17, wherein, wherein the retainer is stepped. | The present disclosure relates to a powered screwdriver. The powered screwdriver includes a housing, a motor housed in the housing and a tool holder driven by the motor. The tool holder selectively holds both a screwdriver bit and a hex key. The hex key includes a bend such that legs of the hex key are transverse to one another.1. A screwdriver, comprising
a housing; a motor housed in the housing; and a tool holder driven by the motor; wherein the tool holder is configured to selectively hold both a screwdriver bit and a hex key; wherein the hex key includes a bend. 2. The screwdriver of claim 1, wherein the screwdriver bit has a hexagonal insertion portion which engages with the tool holder; and
wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is 0.625 of an inch or less in length. 3. The screwdriver of claim 2, wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is about 0.5 of an inch or less in length. 4. The screwdriver of claim 1, wherein the bend is such that the hex key includes a first leg and a second leg, wherein the first leg is transverse to the second leg. 5. The screwdriver of claim 4, wherein the first leg is longer than the second leg. 6. The screwdriver of claim 1, wherein the tool holder is integral with the screwdriver. 7. A screwdriver comprising:
a housing; a motor housed in the housing; and a tool holder driven by the motor; wherein the tool holder is configured to selectively hold both a screwdriver bit, a first hex key and a second hex key; wherein the first hex key includes a first key bend and has a first diameter; wherein the second hex key includes a second key bend and has a second diameter, different than the first diameter. 8. The screwdriver of claim 8, wherein the screwdriver bit has a hexagonal insertion portion which engages with the tool holder; and
wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is 0.625 of an inch or less in length. 9. The screwdriver of claim 9, wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is about 0.5 of an inch or less in length. 10. The screwdriver of claim 10, wherein the tool holder is integral with the screwdriver. 11. The screwdriver of claim 8, wherein the tool holder includes a retainer. 12. The screwdriver of claim 11, wherein the retainer has a side opening at a side of the retainer. 13. The screwdriver of claim 12, wherein when the first hex key is held in the tool holder, a portion of the first hex key projects through the side opening of the retainer. 14. The screwdriver of claim 13, wherein the tool holder further comprises a rotary member which rotates to secure and release the screwdriver bit, the first hex key and the second hex key. 15. The screwdriver of claim 14, wherein the retainer is stepped. 16. The screwdriver of claim 15, wherein the retainer has a plurality of different sections of different sizes. 17. A screwdriver, comprising
a housing; a motor housed in the housing; and a tool holder driven by the motor; wherein the tool holder is configured to selectively hold both a screwdriver bit and a hex key; wherein the hex key includes a bend; wherein the screwdriver bit has a hexagonal insertion portion which engages with the tool holder; wherein the hexagonal insertion portion is 0.625 of an inch or less in length; wherein the bend is such that the hex key includes a first leg and a second leg, wherein the first leg is transverse to the second leg; wherein the first leg is longer than the second leg; wherein the tool holder includes a retainer; wherein the retainer has a side opening at a side of the retainer; wherein when the hex key is held in the tool holder, one of the first leg and the second leg projects through the side opening of the retainer. 18. The screwdriver of claim 17, wherein herein the tool holder further comprises a rotary member which rotates to secure and release the screwdriver bit and the hex key from being held by the tool holder. 19. The screwdriver of claim 17, wherein, wherein the retainer is stepped. | 2,800 |
343,827 | 16,803,281 | 2,817 | Described are filtration membranes that include a porous polyimide membrane and thermally stable ionic groups; filters and filter components that include these filtration membranes; methods of making the filtration membranes, filters, and filter components; and method of using a filtration membrane, filter component, or filter to remove unwanted material from fluid. | 1. A filter component comprising:
a porous filtration membrane comprising polyimide polymer and having an edge; and a support piece comprising thermoplastic fluoropolymer, 2. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the edge is thermally bonded to the support piece by exposing the filtration membrane and the support piece to a temperature of at least 300 degrees Celsius for a time sufficient to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer. 3. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the polyimide polymer has a tensile strength (machine direction) of at least 1000 mN per 5 mm and a tensile strength (cross direction) of at least 1000 mN per 5 mm. 4. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the filtration membrane has a thickness in a range from 10 to 200 microns. 5. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the filtration membrane exhibits:
a bubble point in a range from 10 to 300 pounds per square inch measured using ethoxy-nonafluorobutane (HFE-7200) at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, an IPA flow time below 20,000 seconds per 500 milliliter measured at 21 degrees Celsius, or both. 6. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the porous membrane contains at least 90 percent polyimide polymer. 7. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic fluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether)) (FPA). 8. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the filtration membrane is a sheet or a pleated sheet. 9. A filter that includes the filter component claim 1, the filter comprising:
a fluoropolymer housing surrounding the filtration membrane, an inlet that allows fluid to flow into the housing, and an outlet that allows the fluid to flow out of the housing after the fluid passes through the membrane. 10. The filter of claim 9, comprising a flowpath defined by surfaces that are contacted by fluid flowing between the inlet and the outlet, wherein all surfaces of the flow path are made of fluoropolymer or the filtration membrane. 11. A method of using the filter of claim 9, the method comprising passing fluid through the filtration membrane. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluid comprises solvent selected from the group consisting of: n-butyl acetate (nBA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (2EEA), a xylene, cyclohexanone, ethyl lactate, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isoamyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME, or (2-methoxy-1-methylethylacetate)), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol ethyl ether (PGEE), NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl ether, dibutyl ether, and toluene. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein
the fluid comprises solvent selected from the group consisting of: propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol ethyl ether (PGEE), and cyclohexanone, and the filter exhibits a reduced amount of hydrocarbon leaching relative to a comparable filter containing the polyimide membrane and a polyethylene housing. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the filter exhibits an at least 50 percent reduction in hydrocarbon leaching relative to a comparable filter containing the polyimide membrane and a polyethylene housing. 15. A method of preparing a filter component that includes a porous filtration membrane in contact with thermoplastic fluoropolymer, the porous filtration membrane comprising polyimide polymer and having an edge, the method comprising heating the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising heating the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to a temperature of at least 400 degrees Celsius for a time sufficient to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein
the thermoplastic fluoropolymer is an end piece, and the method comprises:
exposing the filtration membrane and the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to a temperature of at least 400 degrees Celsius for a time sufficient to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer, and
contacting the edge of the filtration membrane to the softened thermoplastic fluoropolymer, then reducing the temperature of the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to provide a fluid-tight seal between the edge and the end piece. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the thermoplastic fluoropolymer is selected the group consisting of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether)) (FPA). | Described are filtration membranes that include a porous polyimide membrane and thermally stable ionic groups; filters and filter components that include these filtration membranes; methods of making the filtration membranes, filters, and filter components; and method of using a filtration membrane, filter component, or filter to remove unwanted material from fluid.1. A filter component comprising:
a porous filtration membrane comprising polyimide polymer and having an edge; and a support piece comprising thermoplastic fluoropolymer, 2. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the edge is thermally bonded to the support piece by exposing the filtration membrane and the support piece to a temperature of at least 300 degrees Celsius for a time sufficient to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer. 3. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the polyimide polymer has a tensile strength (machine direction) of at least 1000 mN per 5 mm and a tensile strength (cross direction) of at least 1000 mN per 5 mm. 4. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the filtration membrane has a thickness in a range from 10 to 200 microns. 5. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the filtration membrane exhibits:
a bubble point in a range from 10 to 300 pounds per square inch measured using ethoxy-nonafluorobutane (HFE-7200) at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, an IPA flow time below 20,000 seconds per 500 milliliter measured at 21 degrees Celsius, or both. 6. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the porous membrane contains at least 90 percent polyimide polymer. 7. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic fluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether)) (FPA). 8. The filter component of claim 1, wherein the filtration membrane is a sheet or a pleated sheet. 9. A filter that includes the filter component claim 1, the filter comprising:
a fluoropolymer housing surrounding the filtration membrane, an inlet that allows fluid to flow into the housing, and an outlet that allows the fluid to flow out of the housing after the fluid passes through the membrane. 10. The filter of claim 9, comprising a flowpath defined by surfaces that are contacted by fluid flowing between the inlet and the outlet, wherein all surfaces of the flow path are made of fluoropolymer or the filtration membrane. 11. A method of using the filter of claim 9, the method comprising passing fluid through the filtration membrane. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluid comprises solvent selected from the group consisting of: n-butyl acetate (nBA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (2EEA), a xylene, cyclohexanone, ethyl lactate, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isoamyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME, or (2-methoxy-1-methylethylacetate)), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol ethyl ether (PGEE), NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), gamma-butyl lactone, dimethyl ether, dibutyl ether, and toluene. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein
the fluid comprises solvent selected from the group consisting of: propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol ethyl ether (PGEE), and cyclohexanone, and the filter exhibits a reduced amount of hydrocarbon leaching relative to a comparable filter containing the polyimide membrane and a polyethylene housing. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the filter exhibits an at least 50 percent reduction in hydrocarbon leaching relative to a comparable filter containing the polyimide membrane and a polyethylene housing. 15. A method of preparing a filter component that includes a porous filtration membrane in contact with thermoplastic fluoropolymer, the porous filtration membrane comprising polyimide polymer and having an edge, the method comprising heating the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising heating the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to a temperature of at least 400 degrees Celsius for a time sufficient to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein
the thermoplastic fluoropolymer is an end piece, and the method comprises:
exposing the filtration membrane and the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to a temperature of at least 400 degrees Celsius for a time sufficient to soften the thermoplastic fluoropolymer, and
contacting the edge of the filtration membrane to the softened thermoplastic fluoropolymer, then reducing the temperature of the thermoplastic fluoropolymer to provide a fluid-tight seal between the edge and the end piece. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the thermoplastic fluoropolymer is selected the group consisting of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether)) (FPA). | 2,800 |
343,828 | 16,803,263 | 2,817 | An electronic component embedded substrate includes a core member including a first wiring layer, a first insulating layer covering the first wiring layer and having a first through-portion, a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and having a second through-portion exposing at least a portion of the second wiring layer; a first electronic component disposed in the first through-portion; a second electronic component disposed in the second through-portion; and an insulating resin covering at least a portion of each of the first electronic component and the second electronic component. The second wiring layer includes a first wiring pattern having a portion covered with the second insulating layer, and a second wiring pattern having a portion covered with the insulating resin. The second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern. | 1. An electronic component embedded substrate comprising:
a core member including a first wiring layer, a first insulating layer covering the first wiring layer and having a first through-portion, a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and having a second through-portion exposing at least a portion of the second wiring layer, a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer, and a third insulating layer disposed on the second insulating layer and having a third through-portion exposing at least a portion of the third wiring layer; a first electronic component disposed in the first through-portion; a second electronic component disposed in the second through-portion; a third electronic component disposed in the third through-portion; and an insulating resin covering at least a portion of each of the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the third electronic component, wherein the second wiring layer includes a first wiring pattern in which at least a portion of an upper surface of the second wiring layer is covered with the second insulating layer, and a second wiring pattern in which at least a portion of the upper surface of the second wiring layer is covered with the insulating resin, wherein the second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern; the third wiring layer includes a third wiring pattern in which at least a portion of an upper surface of the third wiring layer is covered with the third insulating layer, and a fourth wiring pattern in which at least a portion of the upper surface of the third wiring layer is covered with the insulating resin, and the third electronic component is connected to the fourth wiring pattern. 2. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first electronic component and the second electronic component are spaced apart from each other, and
the insulating resin is disposed between at least a portion of a space between the first electronic component and the second electronic component. 3. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first wiring layer is embedded in the first insulating layer and at least a portion of each of upper and side surfaces of the first wiring layer is covered with the first insulating layer, and
the second wiring pattern protrudes from the first insulating layer and at least a portion of each of upper and side surfaces of the second wiring pattern is covered with the insulating resin. 4. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the second wiring pattern has a region coplanar with a wall surface of the first through-portion. 5. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the core member further comprises:
a first via layer passing through the first insulating layer and connecting the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer to each other; and a second via passing through the second insulating layer and connecting the second wiring layer and the third wiring layer to each other. 6. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 5, wherein a via of the first via layer is integrated with at least a portion of the second wiring layer, and
a via of the second via layer is integrated with at least a portion of the third wiring layer. 7. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 5, wherein a via of the first via layer and a via of the second via layer have shapes tapered in the same direction as each other. 8. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 7, further comprising a connection member including a fourth insulating layer disposed below the first insulating layer, a fourth wiring layer disposed below the fourth insulating layer, and a third via layer passing through the fourth insulating layer and connecting the fourth wiring layer to at least one of the first wiring layer and the first electronic component,
wherein a via of the third via layer and a via of the first via layer respectively have shapes tapered in directions opposite to each other. 9. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 8, wherein another via of the third via layer is in contact with the first electronic component. 10. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 5, wherein the core member further comprises a fifth wiring layer disposed on the third insulating layer, and
the electronic component embedded substrate further comprises:
a sixth wiring layer disposed on the insulating resin;
a fourth via passing through the insulating resin and connecting the third wiring layer and the fifth wiring layer to each other; and
a fifth via passing through the insulating resin and connecting the fifth wiring layer and the sixth wiring layer to each other. 11. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern through a connection conductor. 12-16. (canceled) 17. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, further comprising a connection member including a fourth insulating layer disposed below the first insulating layer, a fourth wiring layer disposed below the fourth insulating layer, and a via passing through the fourth insulating layer and being in contact with the first electronic component,
wherein the second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern through a first connection conductor embedded in the insulating resin, wherein the third electronic component is connected to the third wiring pattern through a second connection conductor embedded in the insulating resin. 18. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first wiring layer is disposed on a lower surface of the first insulating layer. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | An electronic component embedded substrate includes a core member including a first wiring layer, a first insulating layer covering the first wiring layer and having a first through-portion, a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and having a second through-portion exposing at least a portion of the second wiring layer; a first electronic component disposed in the first through-portion; a second electronic component disposed in the second through-portion; and an insulating resin covering at least a portion of each of the first electronic component and the second electronic component. The second wiring layer includes a first wiring pattern having a portion covered with the second insulating layer, and a second wiring pattern having a portion covered with the insulating resin. The second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern.1. An electronic component embedded substrate comprising:
a core member including a first wiring layer, a first insulating layer covering the first wiring layer and having a first through-portion, a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and having a second through-portion exposing at least a portion of the second wiring layer, a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer, and a third insulating layer disposed on the second insulating layer and having a third through-portion exposing at least a portion of the third wiring layer; a first electronic component disposed in the first through-portion; a second electronic component disposed in the second through-portion; a third electronic component disposed in the third through-portion; and an insulating resin covering at least a portion of each of the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the third electronic component, wherein the second wiring layer includes a first wiring pattern in which at least a portion of an upper surface of the second wiring layer is covered with the second insulating layer, and a second wiring pattern in which at least a portion of the upper surface of the second wiring layer is covered with the insulating resin, wherein the second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern; the third wiring layer includes a third wiring pattern in which at least a portion of an upper surface of the third wiring layer is covered with the third insulating layer, and a fourth wiring pattern in which at least a portion of the upper surface of the third wiring layer is covered with the insulating resin, and the third electronic component is connected to the fourth wiring pattern. 2. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first electronic component and the second electronic component are spaced apart from each other, and
the insulating resin is disposed between at least a portion of a space between the first electronic component and the second electronic component. 3. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first wiring layer is embedded in the first insulating layer and at least a portion of each of upper and side surfaces of the first wiring layer is covered with the first insulating layer, and
the second wiring pattern protrudes from the first insulating layer and at least a portion of each of upper and side surfaces of the second wiring pattern is covered with the insulating resin. 4. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the second wiring pattern has a region coplanar with a wall surface of the first through-portion. 5. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the core member further comprises:
a first via layer passing through the first insulating layer and connecting the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer to each other; and a second via passing through the second insulating layer and connecting the second wiring layer and the third wiring layer to each other. 6. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 5, wherein a via of the first via layer is integrated with at least a portion of the second wiring layer, and
a via of the second via layer is integrated with at least a portion of the third wiring layer. 7. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 5, wherein a via of the first via layer and a via of the second via layer have shapes tapered in the same direction as each other. 8. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 7, further comprising a connection member including a fourth insulating layer disposed below the first insulating layer, a fourth wiring layer disposed below the fourth insulating layer, and a third via layer passing through the fourth insulating layer and connecting the fourth wiring layer to at least one of the first wiring layer and the first electronic component,
wherein a via of the third via layer and a via of the first via layer respectively have shapes tapered in directions opposite to each other. 9. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 8, wherein another via of the third via layer is in contact with the first electronic component. 10. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 5, wherein the core member further comprises a fifth wiring layer disposed on the third insulating layer, and
the electronic component embedded substrate further comprises:
a sixth wiring layer disposed on the insulating resin;
a fourth via passing through the insulating resin and connecting the third wiring layer and the fifth wiring layer to each other; and
a fifth via passing through the insulating resin and connecting the fifth wiring layer and the sixth wiring layer to each other. 11. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern through a connection conductor. 12-16. (canceled) 17. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, further comprising a connection member including a fourth insulating layer disposed below the first insulating layer, a fourth wiring layer disposed below the fourth insulating layer, and a via passing through the fourth insulating layer and being in contact with the first electronic component,
wherein the second electronic component is connected to the second wiring pattern through a first connection conductor embedded in the insulating resin, wherein the third electronic component is connected to the third wiring pattern through a second connection conductor embedded in the insulating resin. 18. The electronic component embedded substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first wiring layer is disposed on a lower surface of the first insulating layer. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,829 | 16,803,269 | 2,817 | An implantable medical device configured to selectively permit access to a medicament reservoir or fluid pathway by way of at least one contactless key, including an implantable medical device having a medicament reservoir fluidly coupled to an access port via a first conduit and a second conduct via an access valve, and at least one contactless key configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical pump to manipulate the access valve between a first position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the first conduit, and a second position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the second conduit, and a third position isolating the medicament reservoir from the access port. | 1. An implantable medical pump system configured to selectively permit access to a medicament reservoir by way of at least one contactless key, the implantable medical pump system comprising:
an implantable medical pump including a medicament reservoir fluidly coupled to an access port via a first conduit and a second conduct via an access valve; and at least one contactless key configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical pump to manipulate the access valve between a first position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the first conduit, a second position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the second conduit, and a third position isolating the medicament reservoir from the access port. 2. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein the first conduit is adapted for refilling of the medicament reservoir and the second conduit is adapted for aspiration of the medicament reservoir. 3. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein a first contactless key is configured to manipulate the access valve to the first position, and a second contactless key is configured to manipulate the access valve to the second position. 4. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein the access valve is biased to the third position isolating the medicament reservoir from the access port in the absence of the magnetic field imparted by the at least one contactless key. 5. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field of the at least one contactless key interacts at least one of directly or indirectly with the access valve. 6. An implantable medical refill kit, comprising:
an access template including at least one magnetic element configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of an implanted medical device to urge the access template into a desired position with respect to the implanted medical device to align an access port of the access template with an access port of the implanted medical device. 7. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the access template includes at least two magnetic elements configured to magnetically align the access template with the implanted medical device upon positioning of the access template on the skin of a patient in proximity to the implanted medical device positioned beneath the skin. 8. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the access template includes one or more alignment features configured to confirm alignment with one or more corresponding palpable features of the implanted medical device. 9. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the at least one magnetic element of the access template is further configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implanted medical device to manipulate at least one valve between a closed position isolating a fluid pathway from the access port of the implanted medical, and an open position fluidly coupling fluid pathway to the access port of the implanted medical device. 10. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the at least one magnetic element of the access template is further configured to impart a magnetic field sensed by a magnetic field sensing element of the implanted medical device. 11. An implantable medical device access system configured to enable aided alignment of an access template with an implanted medical device, the implanted medical device access system comprising:
an implantable medical device including an access port; and an implantable medical device access kit including an access template including at least one magnetic element configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical device to urge the access template into a desired position with respect to the implantable medical device to align an access port of the access template with the access port of the implantable medical device. 12. The implanted medical device access system of claim 11, wherein the access template includes at least two magnetic elements configured to magnetically aligning the access template with the implantable medical device. 13. The implanted medical device access system of claim 11, wherein the implantable medical device includes a medicament reservoir fluidly coupled to the access port via one or more conduit including an access valve configured to selectively isolate the medicament reservoir from the access port. 14. The implanted medical device access system of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnetic element of the access template is configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical device to manipulate the access valve between a closed position isolating a medicament reservoir from the access port, and an open position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port. 15. The implanted medical device access system of 14, wherein the access valve includes a magnetic element or ferritic portion configured to interact with the at least one magnetic element, thereby enabling the at least magnetic element to directly manipulate the at least one valve between the closed position and the open position. 16. The implanted medical device access system of claim 15, wherein the implantable medical device includes a first conduit fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir with the access port adapted for refilling of the medicament reservoir, and a second conduit fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir with the access port adapted for aspiration of the medicament reservoir. 17. The implanted medical device access system of claim 16, wherein a first access template is configured to selectively open the first conduit, and a second contactless key is configured to selectively open the second conduit. 18. The implanted medical device access system of claim 11, wherein the implantable pump includes a magnetic field sensor configured to sense a magnetic field of the at least one magnetic element of the access template. 19. The implanted medical device access system of claim 18, wherein the implantable medical device is configured to provide at least one of an auditory or vibratory feedback response upon proper positioning of the access template relative to the implantable medical device as determined by the magnetic sensing element. 20. The implanted medical device access system of claim 18, wherein the implantable medical device is configured to log a date and time of a sensed presence of the magnetic field of the at least one access template. 21. An implantable medical port system configured to selectively permit access to a fluid pathway by way of at least one contactless key, the implantable medical port system comprising:
an implantable medical port coupled to an access port via a first conduit and a second conduct via an access valve; and at least one contactless key configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical port to manipulate the access valve between a first position fluidly coupling the fluid pathway to the access port via the first conduit, a second position fluidly coupling the fluid pathway to the access port via the second conduit, and a third position isolating the fluid pathway from the access port. 22. A method comprising:
providing an access template including at least one magnetic element, the access template configured to be positioned in proximity to an implantable medical device; wherein the at least one magnetic element is configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical device to urge the access template into a desired position with respect to the implantable medical device to align an access port of the access template with an access port of the implantable medical device. | An implantable medical device configured to selectively permit access to a medicament reservoir or fluid pathway by way of at least one contactless key, including an implantable medical device having a medicament reservoir fluidly coupled to an access port via a first conduit and a second conduct via an access valve, and at least one contactless key configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical pump to manipulate the access valve between a first position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the first conduit, and a second position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the second conduit, and a third position isolating the medicament reservoir from the access port.1. An implantable medical pump system configured to selectively permit access to a medicament reservoir by way of at least one contactless key, the implantable medical pump system comprising:
an implantable medical pump including a medicament reservoir fluidly coupled to an access port via a first conduit and a second conduct via an access valve; and at least one contactless key configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical pump to manipulate the access valve between a first position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the first conduit, a second position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port via the second conduit, and a third position isolating the medicament reservoir from the access port. 2. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein the first conduit is adapted for refilling of the medicament reservoir and the second conduit is adapted for aspiration of the medicament reservoir. 3. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein a first contactless key is configured to manipulate the access valve to the first position, and a second contactless key is configured to manipulate the access valve to the second position. 4. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein the access valve is biased to the third position isolating the medicament reservoir from the access port in the absence of the magnetic field imparted by the at least one contactless key. 5. The implantable medical pump system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field of the at least one contactless key interacts at least one of directly or indirectly with the access valve. 6. An implantable medical refill kit, comprising:
an access template including at least one magnetic element configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of an implanted medical device to urge the access template into a desired position with respect to the implanted medical device to align an access port of the access template with an access port of the implanted medical device. 7. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the access template includes at least two magnetic elements configured to magnetically align the access template with the implanted medical device upon positioning of the access template on the skin of a patient in proximity to the implanted medical device positioned beneath the skin. 8. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the access template includes one or more alignment features configured to confirm alignment with one or more corresponding palpable features of the implanted medical device. 9. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the at least one magnetic element of the access template is further configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implanted medical device to manipulate at least one valve between a closed position isolating a fluid pathway from the access port of the implanted medical, and an open position fluidly coupling fluid pathway to the access port of the implanted medical device. 10. The implantable medical refill kit of claim 6, wherein the at least one magnetic element of the access template is further configured to impart a magnetic field sensed by a magnetic field sensing element of the implanted medical device. 11. An implantable medical device access system configured to enable aided alignment of an access template with an implanted medical device, the implanted medical device access system comprising:
an implantable medical device including an access port; and an implantable medical device access kit including an access template including at least one magnetic element configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical device to urge the access template into a desired position with respect to the implantable medical device to align an access port of the access template with the access port of the implantable medical device. 12. The implanted medical device access system of claim 11, wherein the access template includes at least two magnetic elements configured to magnetically aligning the access template with the implantable medical device. 13. The implanted medical device access system of claim 11, wherein the implantable medical device includes a medicament reservoir fluidly coupled to the access port via one or more conduit including an access valve configured to selectively isolate the medicament reservoir from the access port. 14. The implanted medical device access system of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnetic element of the access template is configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical device to manipulate the access valve between a closed position isolating a medicament reservoir from the access port, and an open position fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir to the access port. 15. The implanted medical device access system of 14, wherein the access valve includes a magnetic element or ferritic portion configured to interact with the at least one magnetic element, thereby enabling the at least magnetic element to directly manipulate the at least one valve between the closed position and the open position. 16. The implanted medical device access system of claim 15, wherein the implantable medical device includes a first conduit fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir with the access port adapted for refilling of the medicament reservoir, and a second conduit fluidly coupling the medicament reservoir with the access port adapted for aspiration of the medicament reservoir. 17. The implanted medical device access system of claim 16, wherein a first access template is configured to selectively open the first conduit, and a second contactless key is configured to selectively open the second conduit. 18. The implanted medical device access system of claim 11, wherein the implantable pump includes a magnetic field sensor configured to sense a magnetic field of the at least one magnetic element of the access template. 19. The implanted medical device access system of claim 18, wherein the implantable medical device is configured to provide at least one of an auditory or vibratory feedback response upon proper positioning of the access template relative to the implantable medical device as determined by the magnetic sensing element. 20. The implanted medical device access system of claim 18, wherein the implantable medical device is configured to log a date and time of a sensed presence of the magnetic field of the at least one access template. 21. An implantable medical port system configured to selectively permit access to a fluid pathway by way of at least one contactless key, the implantable medical port system comprising:
an implantable medical port coupled to an access port via a first conduit and a second conduct via an access valve; and at least one contactless key configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical port to manipulate the access valve between a first position fluidly coupling the fluid pathway to the access port via the first conduit, a second position fluidly coupling the fluid pathway to the access port via the second conduit, and a third position isolating the fluid pathway from the access port. 22. A method comprising:
providing an access template including at least one magnetic element, the access template configured to be positioned in proximity to an implantable medical device; wherein the at least one magnetic element is configured to impart a magnetic field upon a portion of the implantable medical device to urge the access template into a desired position with respect to the implantable medical device to align an access port of the access template with an access port of the implantable medical device. | 2,800 |
343,830 | 16,803,274 | 2,817 | A device may receive a request, from a user equipment (UE), to connect to a network. The device may receive antenna information indicating that the UE has a single antenna, and the device may receive device type information indicating a device type of the UE or network resource requirements associated with the UE. The device may obtain network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and/or the device type information. The network policy information may indicate one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources. The device may determine a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the network policy information, and the device may allocate the quantity of network resources for the UE. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, antenna information indicating that a user equipment (UE) has a single antenna for communicating with a network; receiving, by the device, device type information indicating that the UE is of a first UE type of a plurality of UE types having a single antenna; obtaining, by the device, network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and the device type information,
the network policy information indicating one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources, and
the one or more policy rules including at least one of:
data indicating uplink resource usage associated with the first UE type, or
data indicating downlink resource usage associated with the first UE type;
determining, by the device, a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the one or more policy rules; and allocating, by the device, the quantity of network resources for connection of the UE to the network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE comprises one of:
a wearable device, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a machine to machine (M2M) device, or a video camera. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the quantity of network resources comprises:
determining one or more time limitations for the UE based on the first UE type, and determining the quantity of network resources based on a current time and the one or more time limitations. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on one or more time limitations specified in the network policy information, another quantity of network resources,
the other quantity of network resources being different from the quantity of network resources; and
changing, by the device and based on a current time satisfying the one or more time limitations, the allocation of the quantity of network resources to the other quantity of network resources. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the device and based on another device being of a second UE type of the plurality of UE types having a single antenna, another quantity of network resources to allocate based on one or more other policy rules indicated by other network policy information associated with the second UE type; and allocating, by the device, the other quantity of network resources for connection of the other UE to the network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network policy information indicates a priority level associated with the first UE type; and
wherein determining the quantity of network resources comprises:
determining the quantity of network resources based on the priority level. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining that network traffic associated with the network satisfies a threshold; and adjusting, based on the first UE type and based on determining that the network traffic associated with the network satisfies the threshold, the quantity of network resources allocated to the UE. 8. A device, comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:
receive antenna information indicating that a user equipment (UE) has a single antenna for communicating with a network;
receive device type information indicating that the UE is of a first UE type of a plurality of UE types having a single antenna;
obtain network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and the device type information,
the network policy information indicating one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources,
the one or more policy rules including at least one of:
data indicating uplink resource usage associated with the first UE type, or
data indicating downlink resource usage associated with the first UE type;
determine a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the one or more policy rules; and
allocate the quantity of network resources for connection of the UE to the network. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when the UE, are configured to one of:
a wearable device, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a machine to machine (M2M) device, or a video camera. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the quantity of network resources, are configured to:
determine one or more time limitations for the UE based on the first UE type, and determine the quantity of network resources based on a current time and the one or more time limitations. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on one or more time limitations specified in the network policy information, another quantity of network resources,
the other quantity of network resources being different from the quantity of network resources; and
change, by the device and based on a current time satisfying the one or more time limitations, the allocation of the quantity of network resources to the other quantity of network resources. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on another device being of a second UE type of the plurality of UE types having a single antenna, another quantity of network resources to allocate based on one or more other policy rules indicated by other network policy information associated with the second UE type; and allocate the other quantity of network resources for connection of the other UE to the network. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the network policy information indicates a priority level associated with the first UE type; and
wherein the one or more processors, when determining the quantity of network resources, are configured to:
determine the quantity of network resources based on the priority level. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine that network traffic associated with the network satisfies a threshold; and adjust, based on the first UE type and based on determining that the network traffic associated with the network satisfies the threshold, the quantity of network resources allocated to the UE. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the one or more processors to:
receive antenna information indicating that a user equipment (UE) has a single antenna for communicating with a network;
receive device type information indicating that the UE is of a first UE type of a plurality of UE types having a single antenna;
obtain network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and the device type information,
the network policy information indicating one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources, and
the one or more policy rules including at least one of:
data indicating uplink resource usage associated with the first UE type, or
data indicating downlink resource usage associated with the first UE type;
determine a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the one or more policy rules; and
allocate the quantity of network resources for connection of the UE to the network. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to the UE, cause the one or more processors to one of:
a wearable device, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a machine to machine (M2M) device, or a video camera. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to determine the quantity of network resources, cause the one or more processors to:
determine one or more time limitations for the UE based on the first UE type, and determine the quantity of network resources based on a current time and the one or more time limitations. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
determine, based on one or more time limitations specified in the network policy information, another quantity of network resources,
the other quantity of network resources being different from the quantity of network resources; and
change, by the device and based on a current time satisfying the one or more time limitations, the allocation of the quantity of network resources to the other quantity of network resources. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
determine, based on another device being of a second UE type of the plurality of UE types having a single antenna, another quantity of network resources to allocate based on one or more other policy rules indicated by other network policy information associated with the second UE type; and allocate the other quantity of network resources for connection of the other UE to the network. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the network policy information indicates a priority level associated with the first UE type; and
wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to determine the quantity of network resources, cause the one or more processors to:
determine the quantity of network resources based on the priority level. | A device may receive a request, from a user equipment (UE), to connect to a network. The device may receive antenna information indicating that the UE has a single antenna, and the device may receive device type information indicating a device type of the UE or network resource requirements associated with the UE. The device may obtain network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and/or the device type information. The network policy information may indicate one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources. The device may determine a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the network policy information, and the device may allocate the quantity of network resources for the UE.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, antenna information indicating that a user equipment (UE) has a single antenna for communicating with a network; receiving, by the device, device type information indicating that the UE is of a first UE type of a plurality of UE types having a single antenna; obtaining, by the device, network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and the device type information,
the network policy information indicating one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources, and
the one or more policy rules including at least one of:
data indicating uplink resource usage associated with the first UE type, or
data indicating downlink resource usage associated with the first UE type;
determining, by the device, a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the one or more policy rules; and allocating, by the device, the quantity of network resources for connection of the UE to the network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE comprises one of:
a wearable device, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a machine to machine (M2M) device, or a video camera. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the quantity of network resources comprises:
determining one or more time limitations for the UE based on the first UE type, and determining the quantity of network resources based on a current time and the one or more time limitations. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on one or more time limitations specified in the network policy information, another quantity of network resources,
the other quantity of network resources being different from the quantity of network resources; and
changing, by the device and based on a current time satisfying the one or more time limitations, the allocation of the quantity of network resources to the other quantity of network resources. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the device and based on another device being of a second UE type of the plurality of UE types having a single antenna, another quantity of network resources to allocate based on one or more other policy rules indicated by other network policy information associated with the second UE type; and allocating, by the device, the other quantity of network resources for connection of the other UE to the network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network policy information indicates a priority level associated with the first UE type; and
wherein determining the quantity of network resources comprises:
determining the quantity of network resources based on the priority level. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining that network traffic associated with the network satisfies a threshold; and adjusting, based on the first UE type and based on determining that the network traffic associated with the network satisfies the threshold, the quantity of network resources allocated to the UE. 8. A device, comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:
receive antenna information indicating that a user equipment (UE) has a single antenna for communicating with a network;
receive device type information indicating that the UE is of a first UE type of a plurality of UE types having a single antenna;
obtain network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and the device type information,
the network policy information indicating one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources,
the one or more policy rules including at least one of:
data indicating uplink resource usage associated with the first UE type, or
data indicating downlink resource usage associated with the first UE type;
determine a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the one or more policy rules; and
allocate the quantity of network resources for connection of the UE to the network. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when the UE, are configured to one of:
a wearable device, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a machine to machine (M2M) device, or a video camera. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the quantity of network resources, are configured to:
determine one or more time limitations for the UE based on the first UE type, and determine the quantity of network resources based on a current time and the one or more time limitations. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on one or more time limitations specified in the network policy information, another quantity of network resources,
the other quantity of network resources being different from the quantity of network resources; and
change, by the device and based on a current time satisfying the one or more time limitations, the allocation of the quantity of network resources to the other quantity of network resources. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on another device being of a second UE type of the plurality of UE types having a single antenna, another quantity of network resources to allocate based on one or more other policy rules indicated by other network policy information associated with the second UE type; and allocate the other quantity of network resources for connection of the other UE to the network. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the network policy information indicates a priority level associated with the first UE type; and
wherein the one or more processors, when determining the quantity of network resources, are configured to:
determine the quantity of network resources based on the priority level. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine that network traffic associated with the network satisfies a threshold; and adjust, based on the first UE type and based on determining that the network traffic associated with the network satisfies the threshold, the quantity of network resources allocated to the UE. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the one or more processors to:
receive antenna information indicating that a user equipment (UE) has a single antenna for communicating with a network;
receive device type information indicating that the UE is of a first UE type of a plurality of UE types having a single antenna;
obtain network policy information, relating to the UE, based on the antenna information and the device type information,
the network policy information indicating one or more policy rules associated with allocating network resources, and
the one or more policy rules including at least one of:
data indicating uplink resource usage associated with the first UE type, or
data indicating downlink resource usage associated with the first UE type;
determine a quantity of network resources to allocate based on the one or more policy rules; and
allocate the quantity of network resources for connection of the UE to the network. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to the UE, cause the one or more processors to one of:
a wearable device, an Internet of things (IoT) device, a machine to machine (M2M) device, or a video camera. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to determine the quantity of network resources, cause the one or more processors to:
determine one or more time limitations for the UE based on the first UE type, and determine the quantity of network resources based on a current time and the one or more time limitations. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
determine, based on one or more time limitations specified in the network policy information, another quantity of network resources,
the other quantity of network resources being different from the quantity of network resources; and
change, by the device and based on a current time satisfying the one or more time limitations, the allocation of the quantity of network resources to the other quantity of network resources. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
determine, based on another device being of a second UE type of the plurality of UE types having a single antenna, another quantity of network resources to allocate based on one or more other policy rules indicated by other network policy information associated with the second UE type; and allocate the other quantity of network resources for connection of the other UE to the network. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the network policy information indicates a priority level associated with the first UE type; and
wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to determine the quantity of network resources, cause the one or more processors to:
determine the quantity of network resources based on the priority level. | 2,800 |
343,831 | 16,803,241 | 2,817 | Hardware appliances with multiple sensors, such as automobiles, can be authenticated on a blockchain based platform using authentication values generated data provided by the hardware appliances, such as sensor data, log data, location data. Requests for service can be managed by the blockchain based platform based on authentication values of the hardware appliances. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a vehicle network interface of a vehicle, sensor data generated by a plurality of sensors of the vehicle; generating, from the sensor data, a vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks managed by a blockchain network; receiving a blockchain task request for the vehicle, the blockchain task request specifying a blockchain token account of the vehicle for modification; validating the vehicle for the blockchain task request based on the vehicle permission value generated from the sensors of the vehicle satisfying a pre-configured blockchain threshold; and updating the blockchain token account per the blockchain task request of the vehicle based on the vehicle permission value being validated. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain network manages the one or more blockchain tasks in a blockchain data structure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain data structure managed by the blockchain network comprises an amount of blockchain tokens in the blockchain token account of the vehicle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the blockchain task request requests a reduction of blockchain tokens from the blockchain token account to another blockchain token account to complete the blockchain task request, the another blockchain token account being a blockchain account on the blockchain data structure for a machine kiosk. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine kiosk is at least one of: a gas station kiosk, a toll kiosk, a parking kiosk. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the amount of blockchain tokens in the blockchain token account of the vehicle is sufficient to reduce the blockchain token account per the reduction in the blockchain task request. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the vehicle is validated for the blockchain task request based on the vehicle permission value generated from the sensors of the vehicle satisfying a pre-configured blockchain threshold and further based on the determination that the amount of blockchain tokens in the blockchain token account of the vehicle is sufficient to reduce the blockchain token account per the reduction in the blockchain task request. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain task request is generated based on a sensor value from one or more of the plurality of sensors of the vehicle not satisfying a sensor threshold. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a completion notification indicating the blockchain task request for the vehicle is complete; and revalidating the vehicle for the blockchain task request based on an updated sensor value from the one or more of the plurality of sensors satisfying the sensor threshold. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing a revalidation record on a blockchain data structure managed by the blockchain network, the revalidation record indicating the blockchain task request is revalidated based on the updated sensor value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more of the plurality of sensors includes a fuel sensor of the vehicle and the sensor value is a fuel level. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors of the vehicle comprises a first sensor and a second sensor, and the sensor data comprises a first sensor readings set generated by the first sensor and a second sensor readings set generated by the second sensor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
identifying a first sensor numerical score preconfigured for the first sensor; modifying the first sensor numerical score based on individual values of the first sensor readings set; 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first sensor is a fuel gauge and the first sensor readings are fuel gauge readings, wherein the second sensor is an odometer and the second sensor readings are odometer readings, and wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
determining that an increase in the odometer readings is offset by a decrease in fuel gauge readings. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of blockchain peer nodes that execute blockchain code set via blockchain consensus, the blockchain code set comprising instructions for the one or more blockchain tasks. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the blockchain consensus is consensus amongst the blockchain peer nodes. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the blockchain consensus is managed by one of the blockchain peer nodes using a pluggable consensus scheme. 18. A system comprising:
one or more processors of a machine; and 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of blockchain peer nodes that execute blockchain code set via blockchain consensus, the blockchain code set comprising instructions for the one or more blockchain tasks. 20. A machine-readable storage device embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a vehicle network interface of a vehicle, sensor data generated by a plurality of sensors of the vehicle; generating, from the sensor data, a vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks managed by a blockchain network; receiving a blockchain task request for the vehicle, the blockchain task request specifying a blockchain token account of the vehicle for modification; validating the vehicle for the blockchain task request based on the vehicle permission value generated from the sensors of the vehicle satisfying a pre-configured blockchain threshold; and updating the blockchain token account per the blockchain task request of the vehicle based on the vehicle permission value being validated. | Hardware appliances with multiple sensors, such as automobiles, can be authenticated on a blockchain based platform using authentication values generated data provided by the hardware appliances, such as sensor data, log data, location data. Requests for service can be managed by the blockchain based platform based on authentication values of the hardware appliances.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a vehicle network interface of a vehicle, sensor data generated by a plurality of sensors of the vehicle; generating, from the sensor data, a vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks managed by a blockchain network; receiving a blockchain task request for the vehicle, the blockchain task request specifying a blockchain token account of the vehicle for modification; validating the vehicle for the blockchain task request based on the vehicle permission value generated from the sensors of the vehicle satisfying a pre-configured blockchain threshold; and updating the blockchain token account per the blockchain task request of the vehicle based on the vehicle permission value being validated. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain network manages the one or more blockchain tasks in a blockchain data structure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain data structure managed by the blockchain network comprises an amount of blockchain tokens in the blockchain token account of the vehicle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the blockchain task request requests a reduction of blockchain tokens from the blockchain token account to another blockchain token account to complete the blockchain task request, the another blockchain token account being a blockchain account on the blockchain data structure for a machine kiosk. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the machine kiosk is at least one of: a gas station kiosk, a toll kiosk, a parking kiosk. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the amount of blockchain tokens in the blockchain token account of the vehicle is sufficient to reduce the blockchain token account per the reduction in the blockchain task request. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the vehicle is validated for the blockchain task request based on the vehicle permission value generated from the sensors of the vehicle satisfying a pre-configured blockchain threshold and further based on the determination that the amount of blockchain tokens in the blockchain token account of the vehicle is sufficient to reduce the blockchain token account per the reduction in the blockchain task request. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain task request is generated based on a sensor value from one or more of the plurality of sensors of the vehicle not satisfying a sensor threshold. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a completion notification indicating the blockchain task request for the vehicle is complete; and revalidating the vehicle for the blockchain task request based on an updated sensor value from the one or more of the plurality of sensors satisfying the sensor threshold. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing a revalidation record on a blockchain data structure managed by the blockchain network, the revalidation record indicating the blockchain task request is revalidated based on the updated sensor value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more of the plurality of sensors includes a fuel sensor of the vehicle and the sensor value is a fuel level. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors of the vehicle comprises a first sensor and a second sensor, and the sensor data comprises a first sensor readings set generated by the first sensor and a second sensor readings set generated by the second sensor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
identifying a first sensor numerical score preconfigured for the first sensor; modifying the first sensor numerical score based on individual values of the first sensor readings set; 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first sensor is a fuel gauge and the first sensor readings are fuel gauge readings, wherein the second sensor is an odometer and the second sensor readings are odometer readings, and wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
determining that an increase in the odometer readings is offset by a decrease in fuel gauge readings. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of blockchain peer nodes that execute blockchain code set via blockchain consensus, the blockchain code set comprising instructions for the one or more blockchain tasks. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the blockchain consensus is consensus amongst the blockchain peer nodes. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the blockchain consensus is managed by one of the blockchain peer nodes using a pluggable consensus scheme. 18. A system comprising:
one or more processors of a machine; and 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of blockchain peer nodes that execute blockchain code set via blockchain consensus, the blockchain code set comprising instructions for the one or more blockchain tasks. 20. A machine-readable storage device embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a vehicle network interface of a vehicle, sensor data generated by a plurality of sensors of the vehicle; generating, from the sensor data, a vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks managed by a blockchain network; receiving a blockchain task request for the vehicle, the blockchain task request specifying a blockchain token account of the vehicle for modification; validating the vehicle for the blockchain task request based on the vehicle permission value generated from the sensors of the vehicle satisfying a pre-configured blockchain threshold; and updating the blockchain token account per the blockchain task request of the vehicle based on the vehicle permission value being validated. | 2,800 |
343,832 | 16,803,264 | 2,817 | Systems, methods, and apparatus for geolocating a signal emitting device are disclosed. A monitoring array comprises at least four monitoring units. A distance ratio between the at least four monitoring units relative to a midpoint is determined. The at least four monitoring units are operable to scan independently for a signal of interest. The at least four monitoring units are operable to calculate times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest. Each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to measure the signal of interest and transmit a formatted message to other monitoring units within the monitoring array. Each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to determine a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. | 1. A system for geolocating a signal emitting device, comprising:
a monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to sweep and learn an electromagnetic environment in a learning period, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to form a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to scrub a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to calculate a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to select most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to perform a squaring function on the most prominent derivatives; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to identify a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to average the spectral sweep, remove areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connect points between removed areas to determine a baseline; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to subtract the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; wherein the at least four monitoring units are operable to scan independently for the signal of interest; wherein the monitoring array is operable to calculate times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to measure the signal of interest and transmit a formatted message to other monitoring units within the monitoring array; and wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to determine a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units or differences of time of arrival among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to index the power level measurements for each frequency interval in a spectrum section in the learning period. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least four monitoring units are mobility capable. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the location of the signal emitting device is normalized to a three-dimensional vector referenced to the center of the earth, or an acceptable reference object. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal emitting device is an aircraft, and wherein attributes of the aircraft are relating to a position on earth or a reference object. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the measurements comprise in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data of the signal of interest, and wherein the location of the signal emitting device is further determined based on the I/Q data of the signal of interest. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the location of the signal emitting device is within 100 kilometers of the monitoring array. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring array is asymmetrical. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units comprises a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for timing of signal processing and an exact location of each of the at least four monitoring units. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the formatted message comprises center frequency, bandwidth, modulation schema, average power and symbol samples from the at least four monitoring units. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein an aperture is synthesized between any two monitoring units of the monitoring array based on a difference of time of arrival. 13. A method for identifying a signal emitting device, comprising:
providing a deployable monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units; at least one of the at least four monitoring units sweeping and learning an electromagnetic environment in a learning period, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units forming a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units scrubbing a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units calculating a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units selecting most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units performing a squaring function on the most prominent derivatives; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units identifying a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units averaging the spectral sweep, removing areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connecting points between removed areas to determine a baseline; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units subtracting the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; the at least four monitoring units scanning independently for the signal of interest; the deployable monitoring array calculating times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units measuring the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units transmitting a formatted message to other units within the deployable monitoring array; and the at least one of the at least four monitoring units determining a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising normalizing the location of the signal emitting device to a three-dimensional vector referenced to the center of the earth or a reference object. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising the at least one of the at least four monitoring units indexing the power level measurements for each frequency interval in a spectrum section in the learning period. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on differences of time of arrival among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units comprises a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for timing of signal processing and an exact location of each of the at least four monitoring units. 19. A method for identifying a signal emitting device, comprising:
providing a deployable monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units, wherein the at least four monitoring units comprise three fixed monitoring units; at least one of the at least four monitoring units sweeping and learning an electromagnetic environment in a learning period, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units forming a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units scrubbing a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units calculating a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units selecting most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units performing a squaring function on the most prominent derivatives; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units identifying a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units averaging the spectral sweep, removing areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connecting points between removed areas to determine a baseline; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units subtracting the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; the at least four monitoring units scanning independently for the signal of interest; the deployable monitoring array calculating times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units measuring the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units transmitting a formatted message to other units within the deployable monitoring array; and the at least one of the at least four monitoring units determining a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising recreating a frequency array and replaying data from the three fixed monitoring units based on snapshots of exact instance at fixed time intervals. | Systems, methods, and apparatus for geolocating a signal emitting device are disclosed. A monitoring array comprises at least four monitoring units. A distance ratio between the at least four monitoring units relative to a midpoint is determined. The at least four monitoring units are operable to scan independently for a signal of interest. The at least four monitoring units are operable to calculate times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest. Each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to measure the signal of interest and transmit a formatted message to other monitoring units within the monitoring array. Each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to determine a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest.1. A system for geolocating a signal emitting device, comprising:
a monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to sweep and learn an electromagnetic environment in a learning period, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to form a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to scrub a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to calculate a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to select most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to perform a squaring function on the most prominent derivatives; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to identify a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to average the spectral sweep, remove areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connect points between removed areas to determine a baseline; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to subtract the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; wherein the at least four monitoring units are operable to scan independently for the signal of interest; wherein the monitoring array is operable to calculate times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to measure the signal of interest and transmit a formatted message to other monitoring units within the monitoring array; and wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to determine a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units or differences of time of arrival among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units is operable to index the power level measurements for each frequency interval in a spectrum section in the learning period. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least four monitoring units are mobility capable. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the location of the signal emitting device is normalized to a three-dimensional vector referenced to the center of the earth, or an acceptable reference object. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal emitting device is an aircraft, and wherein attributes of the aircraft are relating to a position on earth or a reference object. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the measurements comprise in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data of the signal of interest, and wherein the location of the signal emitting device is further determined based on the I/Q data of the signal of interest. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the location of the signal emitting device is within 100 kilometers of the monitoring array. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring array is asymmetrical. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units comprises a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for timing of signal processing and an exact location of each of the at least four monitoring units. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the formatted message comprises center frequency, bandwidth, modulation schema, average power and symbol samples from the at least four monitoring units. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein an aperture is synthesized between any two monitoring units of the monitoring array based on a difference of time of arrival. 13. A method for identifying a signal emitting device, comprising:
providing a deployable monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units; at least one of the at least four monitoring units sweeping and learning an electromagnetic environment in a learning period, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units forming a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units scrubbing a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units calculating a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units selecting most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units performing a squaring function on the most prominent derivatives; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units identifying a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units averaging the spectral sweep, removing areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connecting points between removed areas to determine a baseline; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units subtracting the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; the at least four monitoring units scanning independently for the signal of interest; the deployable monitoring array calculating times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units measuring the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units transmitting a formatted message to other units within the deployable monitoring array; and the at least one of the at least four monitoring units determining a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising normalizing the location of the signal emitting device to a three-dimensional vector referenced to the center of the earth or a reference object. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising the at least one of the at least four monitoring units indexing the power level measurements for each frequency interval in a spectrum section in the learning period. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on clustering algorithms among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least four monitoring units are selected based on differences of time of arrival among a multiplicity of available monitoring units. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein each of the at least four monitoring units comprises a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for timing of signal processing and an exact location of each of the at least four monitoring units. 19. A method for identifying a signal emitting device, comprising:
providing a deployable monitoring array comprising at least four monitoring units, wherein the at least four monitoring units comprise three fixed monitoring units; at least one of the at least four monitoring units sweeping and learning an electromagnetic environment in a learning period, thereby creating learning data including power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units forming a knowledge map based on the power level measurements of the electromagnetic environment; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units scrubbing a spectral sweep against the knowledge map; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units calculating a first derivative of the power level measurements and a second derivative of the power level measurements; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units selecting most prominent derivatives of the first derivative and the second derivative; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units performing a squaring function on the most prominent derivatives; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units identifying a signal of interest in the electromagnetic environment based on matched positive and negative gradients; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units averaging the spectral sweep, removing areas identified by the matched positive and negative gradients, and connecting points between removed areas to determine a baseline; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units subtracting the baseline from the spectral sweep to reveal the signal of interest; the at least four monitoring units scanning independently for the signal of interest; the deployable monitoring array calculating times of arrival and angles of arrival for the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units measuring the signal of interest; the at least one of the at least four monitoring units transmitting a formatted message to other units within the deployable monitoring array; and the at least one of the at least four monitoring units determining a location of the signal emitting device from which the signal of interest is emitted based on calculations and measurements relating to the signal of interest. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising recreating a frequency array and replaying data from the three fixed monitoring units based on snapshots of exact instance at fixed time intervals. | 2,800 |
343,833 | 16,803,265 | 2,817 | Embodiments relate to providing simultaneous digital and analog services in optical fiber-based distributed radio frequency (RF) antenna systems (DASs), and related components and methods. A multiplex switch unit associated with a head-end unit of a DAS can be configured to receive a plurality of analog and digital downlink signals from one or more sources, such as a service matrix unit, and to assign each downlink signal to be transmitted to one or more remote units of the DAS. In one example, when two or more downlink signals are assigned to be transmitted to the same remote unit, a wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer associated with the multiplex switch unit can be configured to wave division multiplex the component downlink signals into a combined downlink signal for remote side transmission and to demultiplex received combined uplink signals into their component uplink signals for head-end side transmission. | 1. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; and transmitting each component optical uplink signal, wherein combining the component downlink signals into the combined optical downlink signal comprises wave division multiplexing the component downlink signals into the combined optical downlink signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of component optical uplink signals are transmitted from respective head-end side outputs to at least one service matrix unit, each service matrix unit receiving at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal from at least one respective head-end side output. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein at least some of the plurality of component downlink signals are received at respective head-end side inputs from at least one service matrix unit, each service matrix unit transmitting at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to at least one respective head-end side input. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of component downlink signals are received at respective head-end side inputs from at least one service matrix unit, each service matrix unit transmitting at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to at least one respective head-end side input. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of component downlink signals are electrical signals, the method further comprising converting each component downlink signal into a respective component optical downlink signal. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote units are distributed over multiple floors of a building infrastructure. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 9. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units distributed over at least three floors of a building infrastructure, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; transmitting each component optical uplink signal, wherein the plurality of component downlink signals are electrical signals; and converting each component downlink signal into a respective component optical downlink signal. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein each remote unit includes at least one optical-to-electrical converter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 13. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; transmitting each component optical uplink signal, wherein the plurality of component downlink signals are electrical signals; and converting each component downlink signal into a respective component optical downlink signal. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the remote units are distributed over multiple floors of a building infrastructure. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 17. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; transmitting each component optical uplink signal; converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal; and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the remote units are distributed over multiple floors of a building infrastructure. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. | Embodiments relate to providing simultaneous digital and analog services in optical fiber-based distributed radio frequency (RF) antenna systems (DASs), and related components and methods. A multiplex switch unit associated with a head-end unit of a DAS can be configured to receive a plurality of analog and digital downlink signals from one or more sources, such as a service matrix unit, and to assign each downlink signal to be transmitted to one or more remote units of the DAS. In one example, when two or more downlink signals are assigned to be transmitted to the same remote unit, a wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer associated with the multiplex switch unit can be configured to wave division multiplex the component downlink signals into a combined downlink signal for remote side transmission and to demultiplex received combined uplink signals into their component uplink signals for head-end side transmission.1. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; and transmitting each component optical uplink signal, wherein combining the component downlink signals into the combined optical downlink signal comprises wave division multiplexing the component downlink signals into the combined optical downlink signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of component optical uplink signals are transmitted from respective head-end side outputs to at least one service matrix unit, each service matrix unit receiving at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal from at least one respective head-end side output. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein at least some of the plurality of component downlink signals are received at respective head-end side inputs from at least one service matrix unit, each service matrix unit transmitting at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to at least one respective head-end side input. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of component downlink signals are received at respective head-end side inputs from at least one service matrix unit, each service matrix unit transmitting at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to at least one respective head-end side input. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of component downlink signals are electrical signals, the method further comprising converting each component downlink signal into a respective component optical downlink signal. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote units are distributed over multiple floors of a building infrastructure. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 9. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units distributed over at least three floors of a building infrastructure, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; transmitting each component optical uplink signal, wherein the plurality of component downlink signals are electrical signals; and converting each component downlink signal into a respective component optical downlink signal. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein each remote unit includes at least one optical-to-electrical converter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 13. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; transmitting each component optical uplink signal, wherein the plurality of component downlink signals are electrical signals; and converting each component downlink signal into a respective component optical downlink signal. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the remote units are distributed over multiple floors of a building infrastructure. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 17. A method of operating a multiplex switch unit for a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of remote units, comprising:
receiving, at a plurality of head-end side inputs of the multiplex switch unit, a plurality of component downlink signals comprising at least one downlink radio frequency (RF) communication signal and at least one downlink digital data (DD) signal; assigning each component downlink signal received at the plurality of head-end side inputs to at least one of a plurality of remote side optical outputs of the multiplex switch unit, including selectively assigning at least one downlink RF communication signal and at least one downlink DD signal to a specific common remote side optical output based on a determination that the at least one downlink RF communication signal and the at least one downlink DD signal are to be transmitted to a common remote unit, wherein the specific common remote side optical output corresponds to the common remote unit; for each remote side optical output:
multiplexing the respective assigned component downlink signals into a combined optical downlink signal; and
transmitting the respective combined optical downlink signal to the assigned at least one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs;
receiving, at a plurality of remote side optical inputs, a plurality of optical uplink signals, each optical uplink signal comprising at least one component optical uplink signal, wherein each of the plurality of remote side optical inputs is complementary to a corresponding one of the plurality of remote side optical outputs, wherein:
at least one optical uplink signal is a combined optical uplink signal comprising a plurality of component optical uplink signals; and
at least one combined optical uplink signal comprises at least one uplink RF communication signal and at least one uplink DD signal;
for each remote side optical input, receiving a combined optical uplink signal, separating each combined optical uplink signal into each of the respective component optical uplink signals; transmitting each component optical uplink signal; converting each component optical uplink signal into a respective component electrical uplink signal; and transmitting each respective component electrical uplink signal to the respective at least one head-end side output. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the remote units are distributed over multiple floors of a building infrastructure. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each remote unit includes at least one antenna assembly. | 2,800 |
343,834 | 16,803,277 | 2,817 | Provided is a robot including a main body having a traveling wheel and a traveling motor for rotating the traveling wheel, a seating body disposed above the main body, a left projector disposed at a left side of the main body to scan a beam toward a left lower direction, a right projector disposed at a right side of the main body to scan a beam toward a right lower direction, and a processor for controlling the traveling motor, the left projector, and the right projector. | 1. A robot, comprising:
a main body having a left side and a right side, the main body including:
a traveling wheel; and
a traveling motor configured to rotate the traveling wheel;
a seating body disposed above the main body; a left projector disposed at the left side of the main body, the left projector being configured to scan a beam toward a left direction; a right projector disposed at the right side of the main body, the right projector being configured to scan a beam toward a right direction; and a processor configured to control the traveling motor, the left projector, and the right projector. 2. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a foot supporter disposed on a front lower portion of the main body,
wherein a beam scan area of the left projector includes an area from a left lower point of the main body to a left lower point of the foot supporter, and wherein a beam scan area of the right projector includes an area from a right lower point of the main body to a right lower point of the foot supporter. 3. The robot according to claim 1, wherein, when one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on, the other one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned off. 4. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to autonomously drive the robot, and
wherein before the robot is set to be turned in a first direction, the processor is configured to turn on one of the left projector and the right projector that at least partially faces the first direction. 5. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to initiate the turning of the robot in the first direction while the one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned on. 6. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to, while the robot is turning in the first direction, maintain the one of the left projector and the right projector turned on. 7. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to turn the robot in the first direction a first set time after the one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on. 8. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to turn off the one of the left projector and the right projector that is turned on after the robot finishes turning in the first direction. 9. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the main body further includes:
a left hole, the left projector being disposed in the left hole; and a right hole, the right projector being disposed in the right hole. 10. The robot according to claim 9, wherein the left hole faces between the left direction and a front direction and is inclined downward, and
wherein the right hole faces between the right direction and the front direction and is inclined downward. 11. The robot according to claim 9, wherein each of the left projector and the right projector includes:
a laser light module; a module cap having an outer surface, the module cap being disposed in a hole defined in the main body; and a transmission plate covering the outer surface of the module cap. 12. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a foot supporter disposed on a front lower portion of the main body,
wherein each of the left projector and the right projector is spaced apart from the foot supporter along a longitudinal axis in a longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction being perpendicular to both the left direction and the right direction. 13. The robot according to claim 12, wherein at least a portion of each of the left projector and the right projector faces a portion of the foot supporter in the longitudinal direction. 14. A robot, comprising:
a main body having a left side and a right side, the main body including:
a left traveling wheel;
a right traveling wheel, the right traveling wheel being parallel to the left traveling wheel;
a left traveling motor configured to drive the left traveling wheel; and
a right traveling motor configured to drive the right traveling wheel;
a seating body disposed above the main body; a left projector disposed at a left side of the main body, the left projector being configured to scan a beam toward a left direction; a right projector disposed at a right side of the main body, the right projector being configured to scan a beam toward a right direction; and a processor configured to:
control the left traveling motor, the right traveling motor, the left projector, and the right projector,
before the robot is set to be turned in a left direction, turn on the left projector and then control a rotational speed of the right traveling motor to be greater than a rotational speed of the left traveling motor, and
before the robot is set to be turned in a right direction, turn on the right projector and then control the rotational speed of the left traveling motor to be greater than the rotational speed of the right traveling motor. 15. The robot according to claim 14, further comprising:
a foot supporter disposed on a front lower portion of the main body; and a rear accessory connected to a rear surface of the main body, wherein the foot supporter and the rear accessory are disposed outside a beam scan area of the left projector, and wherein the foot supporter and the rear accessory are disposed outside a beam scan area of the right projector. 16. The robot according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
switch the left projector from being turned on to being turned off after the robot finishes turning in the left direction, and switch the right projection from being turned on to being turned off after the robot finishes turning in the right direction. 17. The robot according to claim 14, wherein, when one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on, the other one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned off. 18. A method for controlling a robot, the method comprising:
providing the robot, the robot including:
a main body having a left side and a right side, the main body including:
a traveling wheel; and
a traveling motor, the traveling motor being configured to rotate the traveling wheel;
a seating body disposed above the main body;
a left projector disposed at the left side of the main body; and
a right projector disposed at the right side of the main body;
determining a movement path of the robot in a first direction; before turning the robot in the first direction, turning on one of the left projector and the right projector that at least partially faces the first direction; and then turning the robot in the first direction while the one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned on. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the turning the robot in the first direction is initiated a set time period after the one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned on while the robot is turning in the first direction, and
wherein after the robot finishes turning in the first direction, the one of the left projector and the right projector is turned off. | Provided is a robot including a main body having a traveling wheel and a traveling motor for rotating the traveling wheel, a seating body disposed above the main body, a left projector disposed at a left side of the main body to scan a beam toward a left lower direction, a right projector disposed at a right side of the main body to scan a beam toward a right lower direction, and a processor for controlling the traveling motor, the left projector, and the right projector.1. A robot, comprising:
a main body having a left side and a right side, the main body including:
a traveling wheel; and
a traveling motor configured to rotate the traveling wheel;
a seating body disposed above the main body; a left projector disposed at the left side of the main body, the left projector being configured to scan a beam toward a left direction; a right projector disposed at the right side of the main body, the right projector being configured to scan a beam toward a right direction; and a processor configured to control the traveling motor, the left projector, and the right projector. 2. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a foot supporter disposed on a front lower portion of the main body,
wherein a beam scan area of the left projector includes an area from a left lower point of the main body to a left lower point of the foot supporter, and wherein a beam scan area of the right projector includes an area from a right lower point of the main body to a right lower point of the foot supporter. 3. The robot according to claim 1, wherein, when one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on, the other one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned off. 4. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to autonomously drive the robot, and
wherein before the robot is set to be turned in a first direction, the processor is configured to turn on one of the left projector and the right projector that at least partially faces the first direction. 5. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to initiate the turning of the robot in the first direction while the one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned on. 6. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to, while the robot is turning in the first direction, maintain the one of the left projector and the right projector turned on. 7. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to turn the robot in the first direction a first set time after the one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on. 8. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to turn off the one of the left projector and the right projector that is turned on after the robot finishes turning in the first direction. 9. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the main body further includes:
a left hole, the left projector being disposed in the left hole; and a right hole, the right projector being disposed in the right hole. 10. The robot according to claim 9, wherein the left hole faces between the left direction and a front direction and is inclined downward, and
wherein the right hole faces between the right direction and the front direction and is inclined downward. 11. The robot according to claim 9, wherein each of the left projector and the right projector includes:
a laser light module; a module cap having an outer surface, the module cap being disposed in a hole defined in the main body; and a transmission plate covering the outer surface of the module cap. 12. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a foot supporter disposed on a front lower portion of the main body,
wherein each of the left projector and the right projector is spaced apart from the foot supporter along a longitudinal axis in a longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction being perpendicular to both the left direction and the right direction. 13. The robot according to claim 12, wherein at least a portion of each of the left projector and the right projector faces a portion of the foot supporter in the longitudinal direction. 14. A robot, comprising:
a main body having a left side and a right side, the main body including:
a left traveling wheel;
a right traveling wheel, the right traveling wheel being parallel to the left traveling wheel;
a left traveling motor configured to drive the left traveling wheel; and
a right traveling motor configured to drive the right traveling wheel;
a seating body disposed above the main body; a left projector disposed at a left side of the main body, the left projector being configured to scan a beam toward a left direction; a right projector disposed at a right side of the main body, the right projector being configured to scan a beam toward a right direction; and a processor configured to:
control the left traveling motor, the right traveling motor, the left projector, and the right projector,
before the robot is set to be turned in a left direction, turn on the left projector and then control a rotational speed of the right traveling motor to be greater than a rotational speed of the left traveling motor, and
before the robot is set to be turned in a right direction, turn on the right projector and then control the rotational speed of the left traveling motor to be greater than the rotational speed of the right traveling motor. 15. The robot according to claim 14, further comprising:
a foot supporter disposed on a front lower portion of the main body; and a rear accessory connected to a rear surface of the main body, wherein the foot supporter and the rear accessory are disposed outside a beam scan area of the left projector, and wherein the foot supporter and the rear accessory are disposed outside a beam scan area of the right projector. 16. The robot according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
switch the left projector from being turned on to being turned off after the robot finishes turning in the left direction, and switch the right projection from being turned on to being turned off after the robot finishes turning in the right direction. 17. The robot according to claim 14, wherein, when one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on, the other one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned off. 18. A method for controlling a robot, the method comprising:
providing the robot, the robot including:
a main body having a left side and a right side, the main body including:
a traveling wheel; and
a traveling motor, the traveling motor being configured to rotate the traveling wheel;
a seating body disposed above the main body;
a left projector disposed at the left side of the main body; and
a right projector disposed at the right side of the main body;
determining a movement path of the robot in a first direction; before turning the robot in the first direction, turning on one of the left projector and the right projector that at least partially faces the first direction; and then turning the robot in the first direction while the one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned on. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the turning the robot in the first direction is initiated a set time period after the one of the left projector and the right projector is turned on. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the one of the left projector and the right projector remains turned on while the robot is turning in the first direction, and
wherein after the robot finishes turning in the first direction, the one of the left projector and the right projector is turned off. | 2,800 |
343,835 | 16,803,256 | 2,817 | Provided are an optical illumination system, and a projection device. In an example, the optical illumination system includes a DMD, a lens assembly and a RTIR assembly. The lens assembly adjusts a light beam. The RIM assembly includes a first plano-convex lens and a wedge prism. The first plano-convex lens includes a plane surface and a convex surface and is configured to refract the light beam adjusted by the lens assembly. The wedge prim includes a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface. The plane surface of the first plano-convex lens is glued with the first side surface of the wedge prism. The wedge prism is configured to receive and refract the light beam refracted by the first plano-convex lens through the first side surface, and the light beam refracted by the first side surface is transmitted through the second side surface. The DMD is at a light emitting side of the second side surface of the wedge prism, and configured to receive and reflect the light beam from the second side surface of the wedge prism. The reflected light beam is incident to the first side surface of the wedge prism through the second side surface of the wedge prism for total internal reflection then transmitted through the third side surface. | 1. An optical illumination system, comprising:
a lens assembly, configured to adjust a light beam; a refraction total internal reflection (RTIR) assembly, comprising
a first plano-convex lens comprising a plane surface and a convex surface, and configured to refract the light beam adjusted by the lens assembly; and
a wedge prism comprising a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface, wherein the first side surface of the wedge prism is glued with the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens, and the wedge prism is configured to receive and refract the light beam refracted by the first plano-convex lens through the first side surface, and the light beam refracted by the first side surface is transmitted through the second side surface; and
a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), located at a light emitting side of the second side surface of the wedge prism, and configured to receive and reflect the light beam from the second side surface of the wedge prism, wherein the reflected light beam is incident to the first side surface of the wedge prism through the second side surface of the wedge prism for total internal reflection then transmitted through the third side surface. 2. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein a preset angle is formed between a centerline of the first plano-convex lens and a centerline of the lens assembly. 3. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein a gap exists between the first side surface of the wedge prism and the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens. 4. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the light beam that is received by the MAD and from the second side surface of the wedge prism forms a light spot on a plane where the DMD is located, and the light spot matches the DMD. 5. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the first plano-convex lens is at a light emitting side of the lens assembly, and a convex surface of the first plano-convex lens faces the lens assembly. 6. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plane reflector, wherein the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens faces away from the lens assembly, and the plane reflector is configured to reflect the light beam emitted by the lens assembly to the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens. 7. The optical illumination system according to claim 1; wherein the wedge prism is of a triangular prism structure, and the triangular prism structure comprises at least one of an acute isosceles triangular prism, a right-angled isosceles triangular prism or an obtuse isosceles triangular prism. 8. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the lens assembly comprises a third concave-convex lens and a fourth double-convex lens;
a centerline of the third concave-convex lens overlaps with a centerline of the fourth double-convex lens, a concave surface of the third concave-convex lens faces a light source system, and the third concave-convex lens is between the fourth double-convex lens and the light source system; and the third concave-convex lens is configured to diverge the light beam emitted by the light source system and transmit the diverged light beam to the fourth double-convex lens, and the fourth double-convex lens is configured to converge the light beam diverged by the third concave-convex lens and transmit the converged light beam to the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens. 9. The optical illumination system according to claim 8; further comprising a rectangular light pipe, wherein,
a centerline of the rectangular light pipe overlaps with a centerline of the third concave-convex lens, the rectangular light pipe is between the light source system and the third concave-convex lens, the rectangular light pipe is configured to shape the light beam emitted by the light source system and emit the shaped light beam to a concave surface of the third concave-convex lens, and a size of the rectangular light pipe is in a preset proportion to a size of the DMD. 10. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the lens assembly comprises a fly-eye lens and a fifth double-convex lens;
a centerline of the fly-eye lens overlaps with a centerline of the fifth double-convex lens, the fly-eye lens is between the fifth double-convex lens and a light source system, the fly-eye lens is configured to homogenize and diverge the light beam emitted by the light source system and transmit the homogenized and diverged light beam to the fifth double-convex lens; the fifth double-convex lens is configured to converge the light beam homogenized and diverged by the fly-eye lens and transmit the converged light beam to the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens. 11. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein,
the light beam refracted by the first plano-convex lens forms a first light spot in a plane where the first side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the first light spot is within the first side surface of the wedge prism; the light beam refracted by the wedge prism forms a second light spot in a plane where the second side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the second light spot is within the second side surface of the wedge prism; the light beam reflected by the DMD forms a third light spot in a plane where the first side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the third light spot is within the first side surface of the wedge prism; and the light beam subjected to total internal reflection of the wedge prism forms a fourth light spot in a plane where the third side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the fourth light spot is within on the third side surface of the wedge prism. 12. A projection device, comprising:
a light source system, configured to emit a light beam; and an optical illumination system, comprising:
a lens assembly, located at a light emitting side of the light source system and configured to adjust the light beam emitted by the light source system;
refraction total internal reflection (RIM) assembly, comprising
a first plano-convex lens comprising a plane surface and a convex surface;
a wedge prism comprising a first side surface, a second side surface, and a third side surface, wherein the first side surface of the wedge prism is glued with the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens, the first plano-convex lens and the wedge prism refract the light beam adjusted by the lens assembly sequentially, and the refracted light beam is transmitted through the second side surface of the wedge prism; and
a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), located at a light emitting side of the second side surface of the wedge prism and receiving and reflecting the light beam from the second side surface of the wedge prism, wherein the reflected light beam is incident to the first side surface of the wedge prism through the second side surface of the wedge prism for total internal reflection then emitted through the third side surface. 13. The projection device according to claim 12, wherein a preset angle is formed between a centerline of the first plano-convex lens and a centerline of the lens assembly. 14. The projection device according to claim 12, wherein a gap exists between the first side surface of the wedge prism and the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens. 15. A projection device, comprising:
a light source system, comprising at least three laser assemblies, wherein the at least three laser assemblies are configured to output at least three groups of light beams of different colors; and the optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein, the lens assembly of the optical illumination system is at a light emitting side of the at least three laser assemblies, and the lens assembly is configured to adjust light beams emitted by the at least three laser assemblies and emit the adjusted light beams to the first plano-convex lens. 16. The projection device according to claim 15, wherein:
the light source system further comprises at least three laser light focusing assemblies in one-to-one correspondence with the at least three laser assemblies, a conic reflecting body and a light beam shaping assembly; each laser light focusing assembly is at a light emitting side of a corresponding laser assembly, the conic reflecting body is at an intersection point of primary optical axes of light beams emitted by the at least three laser light focusing assemblies, a laser light reflection region is on a side surface of the conic reflecting body, a vertex of the conic reflecting body faces the light beam shaping assembly, a centerline of the light beam shaping assembly is perpendicular to a plane where the at least three laser assemblies are located, and the lens assembly is at a light emitting side of the light beam shaping assembly; each laser light focusing assembly is configured to focus the light beam emitted by a corresponding laser assembly and emit the focused light beam to the laser light reflection region of the conic reflecting body, the conic reflecting body is configured to reflect the light beam focused by each laser light focusing assembly, and the light beam shaping assembly is configured to shape the light beam reflected by the conic reflecting body and emit the shaped light beam to the lens assembly. 17. The projection device according to claim 16, wherein each laser light focusing assembly comprises a convex reflector and at least one concave reflector;
the convex reflector is at a light emitting side of a corresponding laser assembly, and a convex surface of the convex reflector faces the corresponding laser assembly, the at least one concave reflector is at a side of a corresponding laser assembly, and a concave surface of each concave reflector faces the convex surface of the convex reflector; the convex reflector is configured to diverge the light beam emitted by a corresponding laser assembly and emit the diverged light beam to the at least one concave reflector, and the at least one concave reflector is configured to converge the light beam diverged by the convex reflector and emit the converged light beam to the conic reflecting body. 18. The projection device according to claim 16, wherein each laser light focusing assembly comprises a first double-convex lens, a first double-concave lens, a second double-convex lens and a second plano-convex lens;
the first double-convex lens, the first double-concave lens, the second double-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens are sequentially at a light emitting side of a corresponding laser assembly; a centerline of the first double-convex lens, a centerline of the first double-concave lens, a centerline of the second double-convex lens, and a centerline of the second plano-convex lens are overlapped with the primary optical axis of the light beam emitted by the corresponding laser assembly; the second plano-convex lens is closer to the conic reflecting body than the first double-convex lens; and the plane surface of the second plano-convex lens faces the conic reflecting body; the first double-convex lens is configured to converge the light beam emitted by the corresponding laser assembly and emit the converged light beam to the first double-concave lens, the first double-concave lens is configured to diverge the light beam converged by the first double-convex lens and emit the diverged light beam to the second double-convex lens, the second double-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens are sequentially configured to converge the light beam diverged by the first double-concave lens and emit the converged light beam to the conic reflecting body. 19. The projection device according to claim 16, wherein the light beam shaping assembly comprises a first concave-convex lens, a third double-convex lens and a second concave-convex lens;
the first concave-convex lens, the third double-convex lens, and the second concave-convex lens are sequentially at a light emitting side of the conic reflecting body; a centerline of the first concave-convex lens, a centerline of the third double-convex lens, and a centerline of the second concave-convex lens overlaps with the primary optical axis of the light beam reflected by the conic reflecting body, the first concave-convex lens is closer to the conic reflecting body than the second concave-convex lens, a concave surface of the first concave-convex lens faces the conic reflecting body, and a convex surface of the second concave-convex lens faces the third double-convex lens; the first concave-convex lens is configured to diverge the light beam reflected by the conic reflecting body and emit the diverged light beam to the third double-convex lens, the third double-convex lens and the second concave-convex lens are sequentially configured to converge the light beam diverged by the first concave-convex lens and emit the converged light beam to the lens assembly. 20. The projection device according to claim 15, wherein a centerline of the lens assembly overlaps with the primary optical axis of the light beam emitted by the light source system. | Provided are an optical illumination system, and a projection device. In an example, the optical illumination system includes a DMD, a lens assembly and a RTIR assembly. The lens assembly adjusts a light beam. The RIM assembly includes a first plano-convex lens and a wedge prism. The first plano-convex lens includes a plane surface and a convex surface and is configured to refract the light beam adjusted by the lens assembly. The wedge prim includes a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface. The plane surface of the first plano-convex lens is glued with the first side surface of the wedge prism. The wedge prism is configured to receive and refract the light beam refracted by the first plano-convex lens through the first side surface, and the light beam refracted by the first side surface is transmitted through the second side surface. The DMD is at a light emitting side of the second side surface of the wedge prism, and configured to receive and reflect the light beam from the second side surface of the wedge prism. The reflected light beam is incident to the first side surface of the wedge prism through the second side surface of the wedge prism for total internal reflection then transmitted through the third side surface.1. An optical illumination system, comprising:
a lens assembly, configured to adjust a light beam; a refraction total internal reflection (RTIR) assembly, comprising
a first plano-convex lens comprising a plane surface and a convex surface, and configured to refract the light beam adjusted by the lens assembly; and
a wedge prism comprising a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface, wherein the first side surface of the wedge prism is glued with the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens, and the wedge prism is configured to receive and refract the light beam refracted by the first plano-convex lens through the first side surface, and the light beam refracted by the first side surface is transmitted through the second side surface; and
a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), located at a light emitting side of the second side surface of the wedge prism, and configured to receive and reflect the light beam from the second side surface of the wedge prism, wherein the reflected light beam is incident to the first side surface of the wedge prism through the second side surface of the wedge prism for total internal reflection then transmitted through the third side surface. 2. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein a preset angle is formed between a centerline of the first plano-convex lens and a centerline of the lens assembly. 3. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein a gap exists between the first side surface of the wedge prism and the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens. 4. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the light beam that is received by the MAD and from the second side surface of the wedge prism forms a light spot on a plane where the DMD is located, and the light spot matches the DMD. 5. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the first plano-convex lens is at a light emitting side of the lens assembly, and a convex surface of the first plano-convex lens faces the lens assembly. 6. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plane reflector, wherein the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens faces away from the lens assembly, and the plane reflector is configured to reflect the light beam emitted by the lens assembly to the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens. 7. The optical illumination system according to claim 1; wherein the wedge prism is of a triangular prism structure, and the triangular prism structure comprises at least one of an acute isosceles triangular prism, a right-angled isosceles triangular prism or an obtuse isosceles triangular prism. 8. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the lens assembly comprises a third concave-convex lens and a fourth double-convex lens;
a centerline of the third concave-convex lens overlaps with a centerline of the fourth double-convex lens, a concave surface of the third concave-convex lens faces a light source system, and the third concave-convex lens is between the fourth double-convex lens and the light source system; and the third concave-convex lens is configured to diverge the light beam emitted by the light source system and transmit the diverged light beam to the fourth double-convex lens, and the fourth double-convex lens is configured to converge the light beam diverged by the third concave-convex lens and transmit the converged light beam to the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens. 9. The optical illumination system according to claim 8; further comprising a rectangular light pipe, wherein,
a centerline of the rectangular light pipe overlaps with a centerline of the third concave-convex lens, the rectangular light pipe is between the light source system and the third concave-convex lens, the rectangular light pipe is configured to shape the light beam emitted by the light source system and emit the shaped light beam to a concave surface of the third concave-convex lens, and a size of the rectangular light pipe is in a preset proportion to a size of the DMD. 10. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein the lens assembly comprises a fly-eye lens and a fifth double-convex lens;
a centerline of the fly-eye lens overlaps with a centerline of the fifth double-convex lens, the fly-eye lens is between the fifth double-convex lens and a light source system, the fly-eye lens is configured to homogenize and diverge the light beam emitted by the light source system and transmit the homogenized and diverged light beam to the fifth double-convex lens; the fifth double-convex lens is configured to converge the light beam homogenized and diverged by the fly-eye lens and transmit the converged light beam to the convex surface of the first plano-convex lens. 11. The optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein,
the light beam refracted by the first plano-convex lens forms a first light spot in a plane where the first side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the first light spot is within the first side surface of the wedge prism; the light beam refracted by the wedge prism forms a second light spot in a plane where the second side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the second light spot is within the second side surface of the wedge prism; the light beam reflected by the DMD forms a third light spot in a plane where the first side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the third light spot is within the first side surface of the wedge prism; and the light beam subjected to total internal reflection of the wedge prism forms a fourth light spot in a plane where the third side surface of the wedge prism is located, and the fourth light spot is within on the third side surface of the wedge prism. 12. A projection device, comprising:
a light source system, configured to emit a light beam; and an optical illumination system, comprising:
a lens assembly, located at a light emitting side of the light source system and configured to adjust the light beam emitted by the light source system;
refraction total internal reflection (RIM) assembly, comprising
a first plano-convex lens comprising a plane surface and a convex surface;
a wedge prism comprising a first side surface, a second side surface, and a third side surface, wherein the first side surface of the wedge prism is glued with the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens, the first plano-convex lens and the wedge prism refract the light beam adjusted by the lens assembly sequentially, and the refracted light beam is transmitted through the second side surface of the wedge prism; and
a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), located at a light emitting side of the second side surface of the wedge prism and receiving and reflecting the light beam from the second side surface of the wedge prism, wherein the reflected light beam is incident to the first side surface of the wedge prism through the second side surface of the wedge prism for total internal reflection then emitted through the third side surface. 13. The projection device according to claim 12, wherein a preset angle is formed between a centerline of the first plano-convex lens and a centerline of the lens assembly. 14. The projection device according to claim 12, wherein a gap exists between the first side surface of the wedge prism and the plane surface of the first plano-convex lens. 15. A projection device, comprising:
a light source system, comprising at least three laser assemblies, wherein the at least three laser assemblies are configured to output at least three groups of light beams of different colors; and the optical illumination system according to claim 1, wherein, the lens assembly of the optical illumination system is at a light emitting side of the at least three laser assemblies, and the lens assembly is configured to adjust light beams emitted by the at least three laser assemblies and emit the adjusted light beams to the first plano-convex lens. 16. The projection device according to claim 15, wherein:
the light source system further comprises at least three laser light focusing assemblies in one-to-one correspondence with the at least three laser assemblies, a conic reflecting body and a light beam shaping assembly; each laser light focusing assembly is at a light emitting side of a corresponding laser assembly, the conic reflecting body is at an intersection point of primary optical axes of light beams emitted by the at least three laser light focusing assemblies, a laser light reflection region is on a side surface of the conic reflecting body, a vertex of the conic reflecting body faces the light beam shaping assembly, a centerline of the light beam shaping assembly is perpendicular to a plane where the at least three laser assemblies are located, and the lens assembly is at a light emitting side of the light beam shaping assembly; each laser light focusing assembly is configured to focus the light beam emitted by a corresponding laser assembly and emit the focused light beam to the laser light reflection region of the conic reflecting body, the conic reflecting body is configured to reflect the light beam focused by each laser light focusing assembly, and the light beam shaping assembly is configured to shape the light beam reflected by the conic reflecting body and emit the shaped light beam to the lens assembly. 17. The projection device according to claim 16, wherein each laser light focusing assembly comprises a convex reflector and at least one concave reflector;
the convex reflector is at a light emitting side of a corresponding laser assembly, and a convex surface of the convex reflector faces the corresponding laser assembly, the at least one concave reflector is at a side of a corresponding laser assembly, and a concave surface of each concave reflector faces the convex surface of the convex reflector; the convex reflector is configured to diverge the light beam emitted by a corresponding laser assembly and emit the diverged light beam to the at least one concave reflector, and the at least one concave reflector is configured to converge the light beam diverged by the convex reflector and emit the converged light beam to the conic reflecting body. 18. The projection device according to claim 16, wherein each laser light focusing assembly comprises a first double-convex lens, a first double-concave lens, a second double-convex lens and a second plano-convex lens;
the first double-convex lens, the first double-concave lens, the second double-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens are sequentially at a light emitting side of a corresponding laser assembly; a centerline of the first double-convex lens, a centerline of the first double-concave lens, a centerline of the second double-convex lens, and a centerline of the second plano-convex lens are overlapped with the primary optical axis of the light beam emitted by the corresponding laser assembly; the second plano-convex lens is closer to the conic reflecting body than the first double-convex lens; and the plane surface of the second plano-convex lens faces the conic reflecting body; the first double-convex lens is configured to converge the light beam emitted by the corresponding laser assembly and emit the converged light beam to the first double-concave lens, the first double-concave lens is configured to diverge the light beam converged by the first double-convex lens and emit the diverged light beam to the second double-convex lens, the second double-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens are sequentially configured to converge the light beam diverged by the first double-concave lens and emit the converged light beam to the conic reflecting body. 19. The projection device according to claim 16, wherein the light beam shaping assembly comprises a first concave-convex lens, a third double-convex lens and a second concave-convex lens;
the first concave-convex lens, the third double-convex lens, and the second concave-convex lens are sequentially at a light emitting side of the conic reflecting body; a centerline of the first concave-convex lens, a centerline of the third double-convex lens, and a centerline of the second concave-convex lens overlaps with the primary optical axis of the light beam reflected by the conic reflecting body, the first concave-convex lens is closer to the conic reflecting body than the second concave-convex lens, a concave surface of the first concave-convex lens faces the conic reflecting body, and a convex surface of the second concave-convex lens faces the third double-convex lens; the first concave-convex lens is configured to diverge the light beam reflected by the conic reflecting body and emit the diverged light beam to the third double-convex lens, the third double-convex lens and the second concave-convex lens are sequentially configured to converge the light beam diverged by the first concave-convex lens and emit the converged light beam to the lens assembly. 20. The projection device according to claim 15, wherein a centerline of the lens assembly overlaps with the primary optical axis of the light beam emitted by the light source system. | 2,800 |
343,836 | 16,803,261 | 2,813 | A semiconductor device includes: a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region. The first active region and the second active region are not fully projected in a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane; wherein the first active region is displaced from the second active region ina first horizontal direction when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane, region of the second multi-gate FET extend in the first horizontal direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane and the first active region do not overlap. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is smaller than a second area of the second active region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is equal to a second area of the second active region. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is larger than a second area of the second active region. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, the first multi-gate FET further including a first metal contact region disposed over the first active region and a second metal contact region disposed over the first active region, and the second multi-gate FET further including a third metal contact region disposed over the second active region and a fourth metal contact region disposed over the second active region, wherein the first metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the first metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the second metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the second metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the first active region, and the second gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the second active region. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are separate. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are connected. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is equal to a second width of the second active region. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is different from a second width of the second active region. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a first multi-gate FET disposed over the substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a first projection of the first active region on the substrate; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a second projection of the second active region on the substrate; wherein the first projection 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection do not overlap. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection partially overlap. 18. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multi-gate FET disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and forming a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane, wherein the first active region when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. | A semiconductor device includes: a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region. The first active region and the second active region are not fully projected in a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane; wherein the first active region is displaced from the second active region ina first horizontal direction when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane, region of the second multi-gate FET extend in the first horizontal direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane and the first active region do not overlap. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is smaller than a second area of the second active region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is equal to a second area of the second active region. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is larger than a second area of the second active region. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, the first multi-gate FET further including a first metal contact region disposed over the first active region and a second metal contact region disposed over the first active region, and the second multi-gate FET further including a third metal contact region disposed over the second active region and a fourth metal contact region disposed over the second active region, wherein the first metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the first metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the second metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the second metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the first active region, and the second gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the second active region. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are separate. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are connected. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is equal to a second width of the second active region. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is different from a second width of the second active region. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a first multi-gate FET disposed over the substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a first projection of the first active region on the substrate; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a second projection of the second active region on the substrate; wherein the first projection 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection do not overlap. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection partially overlap. 18. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multi-gate FET disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and forming a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane, wherein the first active region when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. | 2,800 |
343,837 | 16,803,300 | 1,721 | A semiconductor device includes: a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region. The first active region and the second active region are not fully projected in a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane; wherein the first active region is displaced from the second active region ina first horizontal direction when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane, region of the second multi-gate FET extend in the first horizontal direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane and the first active region do not overlap. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is smaller than a second area of the second active region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is equal to a second area of the second active region. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is larger than a second area of the second active region. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, the first multi-gate FET further including a first metal contact region disposed over the first active region and a second metal contact region disposed over the first active region, and the second multi-gate FET further including a third metal contact region disposed over the second active region and a fourth metal contact region disposed over the second active region, wherein the first metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the first metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the second metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the second metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the first active region, and the second gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the second active region. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are separate. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are connected. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is equal to a second width of the second active region. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is different from a second width of the second active region. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a first multi-gate FET disposed over the substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a first projection of the first active region on the substrate; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a second projection of the second active region on the substrate; wherein the first projection 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection do not overlap. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection partially overlap. 18. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multi-gate FET disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and forming a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane, wherein the first active region when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. | A semiconductor device includes: a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region. The first active region and the second active region are not fully projected in a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane; wherein the first active region is displaced from the second active region ina first horizontal direction when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane, region of the second multi-gate FET extend in the first horizontal direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane and the first active region do not overlap. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is smaller than a second area of the second active region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is equal to a second area of the second active region. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first area of the first active region is larger than a second area of the second active region. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, the first multi-gate FET further including a first metal contact region disposed over the first active region and a second metal contact region disposed over the first active region, and the second multi-gate FET further including a third metal contact region disposed over the second active region and a fourth metal contact region disposed over the second active region, wherein the first metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the first metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the second metal contact region and the third metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction, and the second metal contact region and the fourth metal contact region do not fully overlap when viewed from the vertical direction. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the first active region, and the second gate region is adjacent to a plurality of side surfaces of the second active region. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are separate. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first gate region and the second gate region are connected. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is equal to a second width of the second active region. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a first width of the first active region is different from a second width of the second active region. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a first multi-gate FET disposed over the substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a first projection of the first active region on the substrate; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the substrate and having a second projection of the second active region on the substrate; wherein the first projection 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection do not overlap. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first projection and the second projection partially overlap. 18. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multi-gate FET disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region extending on a first horizontal plane; and forming a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region extending on a second horizontal plane parallel to the first horizontal plane, wherein the first active region when viewed from a vertical direction perpendicular to the first horizontal plane. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first active region and the second active region have different conductivity types from each other. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein a first projection of the second active region on the first horizontal plane partially overlaps with the first active region. | 1,700 |
343,838 | 16,803,296 | 1,721 | A method for transmitting and receiving downlink control information in a wireless communication system supporting device-to-device communication and a device for the same are disclosed. The method for receiving downlink control information in a wireless communication system supporting D2D (Device-to-Device) communication includes: receiving, by a UE, downlink control information for D2D communication from an eNB; transmitting, by the UE to a reception UE, D2D communication control information on a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) based on the downlink control information; and transmitting, by the UE to the reception UE, D2D communication data on a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) based on the downlink control information, wherein the downlink control information may include: a hopping flag field indicating whether frequency hopping is applicable when transmitting the D2D communication control information and the D2D communication data; a PSCCH resource allocation (RA) field including scheduling information for the PSCCH; a first PSSCH RA field including scheduling information for the PSSCH in a frequency domain; a second PSSCH RA field including scheduling information for the PSSCH in a time domain; and a TPC (Transmission Power Control) field including transmission power information for the PSCCH and PSSCH. | 1. A method for receiving, by a user equipment (UE), downlink control information (DCI) in a wireless communication system supporting a device-to-device (D2D) communication, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station (BS), configuration information includes (i) a first parameter for calculating a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) transmission power for a D2D SA transmission and (ii) a second parameter for calculating a D2D data transmission power for a D2D data transmission, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are different parameter for calculating the D2D SA transmission power and the D2D data transmission power; receiving, from the BS, the DCI for the D2D communication, wherein the DCI comprises: a hopping flag field indicating whether frequency hopping is applicable when transmitting the D2D data, a first resource allocation (RA) field including scheduling information for the D2D SA, a second RA field including a Resource Indication Value (RIV) indicating a starting resource block index for the D2D data transmission and length in terms of allocated resource blocks, a third RA field including information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D data transmission, and a single Transmission Power Control (TPC) field to be applied to both transmission power for the D2D SA and transmission power for the D2D data, wherein the DCI is received in an n-th subframe (subframe # n) from the BS; calculating, the D2D SA transmission power based on a value in the single TPC field and the first parameter; calculating, the D2D data transmission power based on the value in the single TPC field and the second parameter; transmitting, to a second UE, a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D SA transmission power, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in a first available subframe which after an subframe # n+4; and transmitting, to the second UE, a D2D data for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D data transmission power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RA field includes index information for deriving the positions of resource regions for the D2D SA transmission. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in the subframe # n+4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI further includes an RX_ID field including identification information for the second UE. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI further includes an MCS field indicating Modulation Coding and Scheme (MCS) information for the D2D SA transmission and the D2D data transmission. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RA field includes information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D SA transmission. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI further includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) cyclic shift (CS) field including DMRS CS information for demodulating the D2D SA and the D2D data. 8. A user equipment (UE) for receiving downlink control information (DCI) in a wireless communication system supporting device-to-device (D2D) communication, the UE comprising:
a transceiver for transmitting and receiving radio signals; and a processor for controlling the transceiver, wherein the processor being configured to: receive, from a base station (BS), configuration information includes (i) a first parameter for calculating a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) transmission power for a D2D SA transmission and (ii) a second parameter for calculating a D2D data transmission power for a D2D data transmission, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are different parameter for calculating the D2D SA transmission power and the D2D data transmission power; receive, from the BS, the DCI for the D2D communication, wherein the DCI comprises: a hopping flag field indicating whether frequency hopping is applicable when transmitting the D2D data, a first resource allocation (RA) field including scheduling information for the D2D SA, a second RA field including a Resource Indication Value (RIV) indicating a starting resource block index for the D2D data transmission and length in terms of allocated resource blocks, a third RA field including information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D data transmission, and a single Transmission Power Control (TPC) field to be applied to both transmission power for the D2D SA and transmission power for the D2D data, wherein the DCI is received in an n-th subframe (subframe # n) from the BS; calculate, the D2D SA transmission power based on a value in the single TPC field and the first parameter; calculate, the D2D data transmission power based on the value in the single TPC field and the second parameter; transmit, to a second UE, a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D SA transmission power, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in a first available subframe which after an subframe # n+4; and transmit, to the second UE, a D2D data for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D data transmission power. 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the first RA field includes index information for deriving the positions of resource regions for the D2D SA transmission. 10. The UE of claim 8, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in the subframe # n+4. 11. The UE of claim 8, wherein the DCI further includes an RX_ID field including identification information for the reception UE. 12. The UE of claim 8, wherein the DCI further includes an MCS field indicating Modulation Coding and Scheme (MCS) information for the D2D SA transmission and the D2D data transmission. 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the first RA field includes information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D SA transmission. 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the DCI further includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) cyclic shift (CS) field including DMRS CS information for demodulating the D2D SA and the D2D data. | A method for transmitting and receiving downlink control information in a wireless communication system supporting device-to-device communication and a device for the same are disclosed. The method for receiving downlink control information in a wireless communication system supporting D2D (Device-to-Device) communication includes: receiving, by a UE, downlink control information for D2D communication from an eNB; transmitting, by the UE to a reception UE, D2D communication control information on a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) based on the downlink control information; and transmitting, by the UE to the reception UE, D2D communication data on a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) based on the downlink control information, wherein the downlink control information may include: a hopping flag field indicating whether frequency hopping is applicable when transmitting the D2D communication control information and the D2D communication data; a PSCCH resource allocation (RA) field including scheduling information for the PSCCH; a first PSSCH RA field including scheduling information for the PSSCH in a frequency domain; a second PSSCH RA field including scheduling information for the PSSCH in a time domain; and a TPC (Transmission Power Control) field including transmission power information for the PSCCH and PSSCH.1. A method for receiving, by a user equipment (UE), downlink control information (DCI) in a wireless communication system supporting a device-to-device (D2D) communication, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station (BS), configuration information includes (i) a first parameter for calculating a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) transmission power for a D2D SA transmission and (ii) a second parameter for calculating a D2D data transmission power for a D2D data transmission, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are different parameter for calculating the D2D SA transmission power and the D2D data transmission power; receiving, from the BS, the DCI for the D2D communication, wherein the DCI comprises: a hopping flag field indicating whether frequency hopping is applicable when transmitting the D2D data, a first resource allocation (RA) field including scheduling information for the D2D SA, a second RA field including a Resource Indication Value (RIV) indicating a starting resource block index for the D2D data transmission and length in terms of allocated resource blocks, a third RA field including information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D data transmission, and a single Transmission Power Control (TPC) field to be applied to both transmission power for the D2D SA and transmission power for the D2D data, wherein the DCI is received in an n-th subframe (subframe # n) from the BS; calculating, the D2D SA transmission power based on a value in the single TPC field and the first parameter; calculating, the D2D data transmission power based on the value in the single TPC field and the second parameter; transmitting, to a second UE, a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D SA transmission power, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in a first available subframe which after an subframe # n+4; and transmitting, to the second UE, a D2D data for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D data transmission power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RA field includes index information for deriving the positions of resource regions for the D2D SA transmission. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in the subframe # n+4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI further includes an RX_ID field including identification information for the second UE. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI further includes an MCS field indicating Modulation Coding and Scheme (MCS) information for the D2D SA transmission and the D2D data transmission. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RA field includes information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D SA transmission. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI further includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) cyclic shift (CS) field including DMRS CS information for demodulating the D2D SA and the D2D data. 8. A user equipment (UE) for receiving downlink control information (DCI) in a wireless communication system supporting device-to-device (D2D) communication, the UE comprising:
a transceiver for transmitting and receiving radio signals; and a processor for controlling the transceiver, wherein the processor being configured to: receive, from a base station (BS), configuration information includes (i) a first parameter for calculating a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) transmission power for a D2D SA transmission and (ii) a second parameter for calculating a D2D data transmission power for a D2D data transmission, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are different parameter for calculating the D2D SA transmission power and the D2D data transmission power; receive, from the BS, the DCI for the D2D communication, wherein the DCI comprises: a hopping flag field indicating whether frequency hopping is applicable when transmitting the D2D data, a first resource allocation (RA) field including scheduling information for the D2D SA, a second RA field including a Resource Indication Value (RIV) indicating a starting resource block index for the D2D data transmission and length in terms of allocated resource blocks, a third RA field including information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D data transmission, and a single Transmission Power Control (TPC) field to be applied to both transmission power for the D2D SA and transmission power for the D2D data, wherein the DCI is received in an n-th subframe (subframe # n) from the BS; calculate, the D2D SA transmission power based on a value in the single TPC field and the first parameter; calculate, the D2D data transmission power based on the value in the single TPC field and the second parameter; transmit, to a second UE, a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D SA transmission power, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in a first available subframe which after an subframe # n+4; and transmit, to the second UE, a D2D data for the D2D communication based on the DCI using the D2D data transmission power. 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the first RA field includes index information for deriving the positions of resource regions for the D2D SA transmission. 10. The UE of claim 8, wherein the D2D SA is transmitted to the second UE in the subframe # n+4. 11. The UE of claim 8, wherein the DCI further includes an RX_ID field including identification information for the reception UE. 12. The UE of claim 8, wherein the DCI further includes an MCS field indicating Modulation Coding and Scheme (MCS) information for the D2D SA transmission and the D2D data transmission. 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the first RA field includes information indicating a time resource pattern used for the D2D SA transmission. 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the DCI further includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) cyclic shift (CS) field including DMRS CS information for demodulating the D2D SA and the D2D data. | 1,700 |
343,839 | 16,803,314 | 1,721 | A method of performing communication by a user equipment (UE) includes identifying a time division duplexing (TDD) configuration for uplink slots, a resource pool configuration for sidelink slots, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols; determining at least one part of a slot based on a result of the identification; and transmitting a PSSCH based on the determined at least one part of the slot. | 1. A method of performing communication, by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
identifying a time division duplexing (TDD) configuration for uplink slots, a resource pool configuration for sidelink slots, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols; determining at least one part of a slot based on a result of the identification; and transmitting a PSSCH based on the determined at least one part of the slot. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the resource pool configuration further comprises:
identifying a range of a bitmap for a resource pool based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied based on a subcarrier spacing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the at least one part of the slot further comprises:
determining a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, based on the PSSCH configuration, wherein the PSSCH is transmitted based on the subset of the slot. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein information of the TDD configuration is received through a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH). 6. A method of performing communication, by a base station (BS), the method comprising:
determining slots allocated for uplink (UL) transmission; transmitting time division duplexing (TDD) configuration information indicating the slots for the UL transmission; transmitting a system information block (SIB) for a sidelink including a bitmap indicating a slot as a resource pool of a user equipment (UE); and transmitting a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols, wherein a PSSCH is transmitted, at the UE, based on the sidelink symbols of the slot. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a range of the bitmap for the resource pool is identified based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied is based on a subcarrier spacing. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, is determined based on configured resource pool information at the UE for the transmission of the PSSCH. 10. A user equipment (UE) for performing communication, the UE comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to: control the transceiver to identify a time division duplexing (TDD) configuration for uplink slots, a resource pool configuration for sidelink slots, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols, determine at least one part of a slot based on a result of the identification, and control the transceiver to transmit a PSSCH based on the determined at least one part of the slot. 11. The user equipment of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
identify a range of a bitmap for a resource pool based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 12. The user equipment of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied based on a subcarrier spacing. 13. The user equipment of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, based on the PSSCH configuration, wherein the PSSCH is transmitted based on the subset of the slot. 14. The user equipment of claim 10, wherein information of the TDD configuration is received through a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH). 15. A base station (BS) for performing communication, the BS comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to: determine slots allocated for uplink (UL) transmission, control the transceiver to transmit time division duplexing (TDD) configuration information indicating the slots for the UL transmission, and control the transceiver to transmit a system information block (SIB) for a sidelink including a bitmap indicating a slot as a resource pool of a user equipment (UE), wherein a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) is transmitted, to the UE, based on sidelink symbols of the slot. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein a range of the bitmap for the resource pool is identified based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 17. The base station of claim 16, wherein the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied is based on a subcarrier spacing. 18. The base station of claim 16, wherein a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, is determined based on configured resource pool information at the UE for the transmission of the PSSCH. | A method of performing communication by a user equipment (UE) includes identifying a time division duplexing (TDD) configuration for uplink slots, a resource pool configuration for sidelink slots, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols; determining at least one part of a slot based on a result of the identification; and transmitting a PSSCH based on the determined at least one part of the slot.1. A method of performing communication, by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
identifying a time division duplexing (TDD) configuration for uplink slots, a resource pool configuration for sidelink slots, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols; determining at least one part of a slot based on a result of the identification; and transmitting a PSSCH based on the determined at least one part of the slot. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the resource pool configuration further comprises:
identifying a range of a bitmap for a resource pool based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied based on a subcarrier spacing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the at least one part of the slot further comprises:
determining a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, based on the PSSCH configuration, wherein the PSSCH is transmitted based on the subset of the slot. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein information of the TDD configuration is received through a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH). 6. A method of performing communication, by a base station (BS), the method comprising:
determining slots allocated for uplink (UL) transmission; transmitting time division duplexing (TDD) configuration information indicating the slots for the UL transmission; transmitting a system information block (SIB) for a sidelink including a bitmap indicating a slot as a resource pool of a user equipment (UE); and transmitting a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols, wherein a PSSCH is transmitted, at the UE, based on the sidelink symbols of the slot. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a range of the bitmap for the resource pool is identified based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied is based on a subcarrier spacing. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, is determined based on configured resource pool information at the UE for the transmission of the PSSCH. 10. A user equipment (UE) for performing communication, the UE comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to: control the transceiver to identify a time division duplexing (TDD) configuration for uplink slots, a resource pool configuration for sidelink slots, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) configuration for sidelink symbols, determine at least one part of a slot based on a result of the identification, and control the transceiver to transmit a PSSCH based on the determined at least one part of the slot. 11. The user equipment of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
identify a range of a bitmap for a resource pool based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 12. The user equipment of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied based on a subcarrier spacing. 13. The user equipment of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, based on the PSSCH configuration, wherein the PSSCH is transmitted based on the subset of the slot. 14. The user equipment of claim 10, wherein information of the TDD configuration is received through a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH). 15. A base station (BS) for performing communication, the BS comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to: determine slots allocated for uplink (UL) transmission, control the transceiver to transmit time division duplexing (TDD) configuration information indicating the slots for the UL transmission, and control the transceiver to transmit a system information block (SIB) for a sidelink including a bitmap indicating a slot as a resource pool of a user equipment (UE), wherein a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) is transmitted, to the UE, based on sidelink symbols of the slot. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein a range of the bitmap for the resource pool is identified based on a maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied. 17. The base station of claim 16, wherein the maximum range to which the resource pool is repeatedly applied is based on a subcarrier spacing. 18. The base station of claim 16, wherein a subset including continuous symbols in the slot, is determined based on configured resource pool information at the UE for the transmission of the PSSCH. | 1,700 |
343,840 | 16,803,306 | 1,721 | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor. | 1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; a first valve; and a second valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel; and
the second valve is closed,
during a third mode of operation:
the first valve is closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the first compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the accumulator. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a third valve; and a fourth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the third and fourth valves are closed;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein during the third mode of operation, the accumulator directs the oil in the accumulator to the first compressor. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by an accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
compressing, by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
closing the second valve; and
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel; and
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first valve;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the first compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the first compressor, the oil in the vessel to the accumulator. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing a third valve and a fourth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the third mode of operation, directing, by the accumulator, the oil in the accumulator to the first compressor. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; a first valve; and a second valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel; and
the second valve is closed,
during a third mode of operation:
the first valve is closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the first compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the accumulator. 16. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a third valve; and a fourth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the third and fourth valves are closed;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein during the third mode of operation, the accumulator directs the oil in the accumulator to the first compressor. 20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor.1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; a first valve; and a second valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel; and
the second valve is closed,
during a third mode of operation:
the first valve is closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the first compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the accumulator. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a third valve; and a fourth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the third and fourth valves are closed;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein during the third mode of operation, the accumulator directs the oil in the accumulator to the first compressor. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by an accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
compressing, by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
closing the second valve; and
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel; and
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first valve;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the first compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the first compressor, the oil in the vessel to the accumulator. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing a third valve and a fourth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the third mode of operation, directing, by the accumulator, the oil in the accumulator to the first compressor. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; a first valve; and a second valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel; and
the second valve is closed,
during a third mode of operation:
the first valve is closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the first compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the accumulator. 16. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a third valve; and a fourth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the third and fourth valves are closed;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein during the third mode of operation, the accumulator directs the oil in the accumulator to the first compressor. 20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | 1,700 |
343,841 | 16,803,309 | 1,721 | A stylus structure includes a stylus housing unit, a stylus cover unit, a control unit, and a barrier unit. The stylus housing unit has an accommodating space and an opening that are in spatial communication with each other. The stylus cover unit is detachably sleeved on the stylus housing unit. The control unit includes a processing component and a trigger component electrically connected to the processing component. The barrier unit in the accommodating space contacts the trigger component, and therefore the processing component is in a power OFF state. In another aspect, the stylus structure includes a stylus housing unit, a control unit, and a barrier unit. The control unit includes a processing component and electrically connects to a trigger component. The barrier unit in the stylus housing unit contacts the trigger component, and therefore the processing component is in a power OFF state. | 1. A stylus structure, comprising:
a stylus housing unit having an accommodating space and an opening, the opening being in spatial communication with the accommodating space; a stylus cover unit detachably sleeved on the stylus housing unit; a control unit including a processing component located in the accommodating space and a trigger component electrically connected to the processing component; and a barrier unit located in the accommodating space, the barrier unit being in contact with the trigger component; wherein the processing component is in a power OFF state when the trigger component is in contact with the barrier unit; wherein the trigger component includes a first conductive member and a second conductive member that are electrically connected to the processing component, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in contact with the barrier unit so as to be in the circuit OFF state, and the processing component is in the power OFF state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit OFF state. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The stylus structure according to claim 1, wherein the processing component has a conductive part, the barrier unit is away from the first conductive member and the second conductive member so that the first conductive member and the second conductive member are electrically connected to each other through the conductive part, and the processing component changes to an operating state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit ON state. 6. A stylus structure, comprising:
a stylus housing unit; a control unit including a processing component located in the stylus housing unit, the control unit being electrically connected to a trigger component of the processing component; and a barrier unit located in the stylus housing unit, the barrier unit being in contact with the trigger component; wherein the processing component is in a power OFF state when the trigger component is in contact with the barrier unit; wherein the trigger component includes a first conductive member and a second conductive member that are electrically connected to the processing component, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in contact with the barrier unit so as to be in a circuit OFF state, and the processing component is in the power OFF state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit OFF state. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. The stylus structure according to claim 6, wherein the processing component has a conductive part, the barrier unit is away from the first conductive member and the second conductive member so that the first conductive member and the second conductive member are electrically connected to each other through the conductive part, and the processing component changes to an operating state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit ON state. | A stylus structure includes a stylus housing unit, a stylus cover unit, a control unit, and a barrier unit. The stylus housing unit has an accommodating space and an opening that are in spatial communication with each other. The stylus cover unit is detachably sleeved on the stylus housing unit. The control unit includes a processing component and a trigger component electrically connected to the processing component. The barrier unit in the accommodating space contacts the trigger component, and therefore the processing component is in a power OFF state. In another aspect, the stylus structure includes a stylus housing unit, a control unit, and a barrier unit. The control unit includes a processing component and electrically connects to a trigger component. The barrier unit in the stylus housing unit contacts the trigger component, and therefore the processing component is in a power OFF state.1. A stylus structure, comprising:
a stylus housing unit having an accommodating space and an opening, the opening being in spatial communication with the accommodating space; a stylus cover unit detachably sleeved on the stylus housing unit; a control unit including a processing component located in the accommodating space and a trigger component electrically connected to the processing component; and a barrier unit located in the accommodating space, the barrier unit being in contact with the trigger component; wherein the processing component is in a power OFF state when the trigger component is in contact with the barrier unit; wherein the trigger component includes a first conductive member and a second conductive member that are electrically connected to the processing component, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in contact with the barrier unit so as to be in the circuit OFF state, and the processing component is in the power OFF state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit OFF state. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The stylus structure according to claim 1, wherein the processing component has a conductive part, the barrier unit is away from the first conductive member and the second conductive member so that the first conductive member and the second conductive member are electrically connected to each other through the conductive part, and the processing component changes to an operating state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit ON state. 6. A stylus structure, comprising:
a stylus housing unit; a control unit including a processing component located in the stylus housing unit, the control unit being electrically connected to a trigger component of the processing component; and a barrier unit located in the stylus housing unit, the barrier unit being in contact with the trigger component; wherein the processing component is in a power OFF state when the trigger component is in contact with the barrier unit; wherein the trigger component includes a first conductive member and a second conductive member that are electrically connected to the processing component, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in contact with the barrier unit so as to be in a circuit OFF state, and the processing component is in the power OFF state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit OFF state. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. The stylus structure according to claim 6, wherein the processing component has a conductive part, the barrier unit is away from the first conductive member and the second conductive member so that the first conductive member and the second conductive member are electrically connected to each other through the conductive part, and the processing component changes to an operating state when the first conductive member and the second conductive member are in the circuit ON state. | 1,700 |
343,842 | 16,803,294 | 1,721 | Systems and methods for geofence information delivery are disclosed. A multiplicity of devices constructed and configured in network communication in a region of interest via a peer-to-peer network. The multiplicity of devices store cached geofence information for the region of interest. The multiplicity of devices on the peer-to-peer network are operable to convert between an IP address and a geographic location. Each of the multiplicity of devices is operable to query peer devices on the peer-to-peer network for geofences associated with an IP address or a geographic location. At least one peer device is operable to deliver one or more geofences associated with the IP address to the querying device via zero-configuration networking or web service. | 1. A system for geofence information delivery, comprising:
at least two devices constructed and configured for network communication in a geographic region via a peer-to-peer network; wherein the at least two devices comprise at least one processor coupled with at least one memory; wherein the at least one memory is operable to cache geofence data associated with the geographic region; wherein the at least one processor is operable to convert between an Internet Protocol (IP) address and a geographic designator, determine at least one unique identifier for at least one geofence, query geofence data cached on at least one peer device of the at least two devices, and identify one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier in the geographic region; and wherein the at least two devices are operable to deliver geofence information associated with the one or more geofences in the geographic region. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are equipped with location services. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cached geofence data comprises anchor points, fence points, metadata, classes, or entitlements for geofences associated with the geographic region. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the geofence information associated with the one or more geofences in the geographic region is delivered via unicast protocol. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are equipped with a fencing agent. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are operable to display an interactive map including boundaries for the one or more geofences in the geographic region. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are operable to query the geofence data cached on at least one peer device via a routing protocol. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are operable to deliver the one or more geofences associated with the geographic location via web service or zero-configuration networking. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein boundaries of the one or more geofences associated with the geographic location are operable to be modified. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one server operable to populate the geofence data cached on the at least two devices. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the geofence data cached on the at least two devices is from prior queries on the at least two devices. 12. A method of geofence information delivery, comprising:
providing at least two devices constructed and configured for network communication in a geographic region via a peer-to-peer network, the at least two devices storing cached geofence data for the geographic region; at least one device of the at least two devices on the peer-to-peer network obtaining its geolocation information; the at least one device determining at least one unique identifier; the at least one device querying the cached geofence data on at least one peer device of the at least two devices associated with the at least one unique identifier; the at least one device identifying one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier in the geographic region; and the at least one peer device of the at least two devices delivering geofence information to the at least one device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cached geofence data comprises anchor points and fence points. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the IP address is an IPv6 address. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising the at least one device querying peer devices based on at least one anchor point within the geographic region. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the at least one peer device delivering fence points associated with the at least one anchor point. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising the at least one peer device delivering the one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier to the at least one device via zero-configuration networking or web service. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising at least one server populating the cached geofence data on the at least two devices. 19. A system for requesting and delivering geofence information, comprising:
at least two devices constructed and configured for network communication via a peer-to-peer network; wherein the at least two devices comprise at least one processor coupled with at least one memory; wherein the at least one memory is operable to cache geofence data; wherein the at least two devices are equipped with a fencing agent, a location service, and a Graphical User Interface (GUI); wherein the at least one processor is operable to convert between an Internet Protocol (IP) address and a geographic designator, determine at least one unique identifier for at least one geofence, query geofence data cached on at least one peer-to-peer device of the at least two devices, and identify one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier; where the at least two devices are operable to deliver geofence information associated with the one or more geofences; and wherein the at least two devices are operable to display geofence information associated with the one or more geofences via the GUI. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein delivery of geofence information associated with the one or more geofences is not performed via Domain Name Service (DNS) servers at a data center and/or cell towers. | Systems and methods for geofence information delivery are disclosed. A multiplicity of devices constructed and configured in network communication in a region of interest via a peer-to-peer network. The multiplicity of devices store cached geofence information for the region of interest. The multiplicity of devices on the peer-to-peer network are operable to convert between an IP address and a geographic location. Each of the multiplicity of devices is operable to query peer devices on the peer-to-peer network for geofences associated with an IP address or a geographic location. At least one peer device is operable to deliver one or more geofences associated with the IP address to the querying device via zero-configuration networking or web service.1. A system for geofence information delivery, comprising:
at least two devices constructed and configured for network communication in a geographic region via a peer-to-peer network; wherein the at least two devices comprise at least one processor coupled with at least one memory; wherein the at least one memory is operable to cache geofence data associated with the geographic region; wherein the at least one processor is operable to convert between an Internet Protocol (IP) address and a geographic designator, determine at least one unique identifier for at least one geofence, query geofence data cached on at least one peer device of the at least two devices, and identify one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier in the geographic region; and wherein the at least two devices are operable to deliver geofence information associated with the one or more geofences in the geographic region. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are equipped with location services. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cached geofence data comprises anchor points, fence points, metadata, classes, or entitlements for geofences associated with the geographic region. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the geofence information associated with the one or more geofences in the geographic region is delivered via unicast protocol. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are equipped with a fencing agent. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are operable to display an interactive map including boundaries for the one or more geofences in the geographic region. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are operable to query the geofence data cached on at least one peer device via a routing protocol. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two devices are operable to deliver the one or more geofences associated with the geographic location via web service or zero-configuration networking. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein boundaries of the one or more geofences associated with the geographic location are operable to be modified. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one server operable to populate the geofence data cached on the at least two devices. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the geofence data cached on the at least two devices is from prior queries on the at least two devices. 12. A method of geofence information delivery, comprising:
providing at least two devices constructed and configured for network communication in a geographic region via a peer-to-peer network, the at least two devices storing cached geofence data for the geographic region; at least one device of the at least two devices on the peer-to-peer network obtaining its geolocation information; the at least one device determining at least one unique identifier; the at least one device querying the cached geofence data on at least one peer device of the at least two devices associated with the at least one unique identifier; the at least one device identifying one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier in the geographic region; and the at least one peer device of the at least two devices delivering geofence information to the at least one device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cached geofence data comprises anchor points and fence points. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the IP address is an IPv6 address. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising the at least one device querying peer devices based on at least one anchor point within the geographic region. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the at least one peer device delivering fence points associated with the at least one anchor point. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising the at least one peer device delivering the one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier to the at least one device via zero-configuration networking or web service. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising at least one server populating the cached geofence data on the at least two devices. 19. A system for requesting and delivering geofence information, comprising:
at least two devices constructed and configured for network communication via a peer-to-peer network; wherein the at least two devices comprise at least one processor coupled with at least one memory; wherein the at least one memory is operable to cache geofence data; wherein the at least two devices are equipped with a fencing agent, a location service, and a Graphical User Interface (GUI); wherein the at least one processor is operable to convert between an Internet Protocol (IP) address and a geographic designator, determine at least one unique identifier for at least one geofence, query geofence data cached on at least one peer-to-peer device of the at least two devices, and identify one or more geofences associated with the at least one unique identifier; where the at least two devices are operable to deliver geofence information associated with the one or more geofences; and wherein the at least two devices are operable to display geofence information associated with the one or more geofences via the GUI. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein delivery of geofence information associated with the one or more geofences is not performed via Domain Name Service (DNS) servers at a data center and/or cell towers. | 1,700 |
343,843 | 16,803,284 | 1,721 | Disclosed herein are acylated active agents and methods of their use, e.g., for modulating an autoimmunity marker or for treating an autoimmune disorder. | 1. A method of modulating an autoimmunity marker or treating an autoimmune disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an acylated active agent selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated carotenoid, acylated mesalamine, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, acylated ellagic acid, acylated ellagic acid analogue, and acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the autoimmunity marker is for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the autoimmune disorder is ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a CYP1A1 mRNA level, intestinal motility, CD4+CD25+ Treg cell count, short chain fatty acids level, mucus secretion is increased following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject; or
wherein abdominal pain, gastrointestinal inflammation, gastrointestinal permeability, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal motility, or frequency of bowel movements is reduced following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject; or
wherein an interleukin-8 (IL-8) level, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) level, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) level, NFκB level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) level, interferon γ (IFNγ) level, interleukin-17 (IL17) level, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) level, CXCL13 level, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) level IgA level, calprotectin level, lipocalin-2 level, or indoxyl sulfate level is reduced following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject; or
wherein the Th1 cell count is modulated following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated mesalamine, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, and acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering the acylated active agent to the subject orally. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is cleaved to release at least one fatty acid, at least one ketone body, at least one pre-ketone body, or at least one amino acid metabolite. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises a group containing a fatty acid, and wherein the group containing a fatty acid is a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or sugar acid having one or more hydroxyl groups substituted with a fatty acid acyl. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises a group containing a fatty acid. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fatty acid is a short chain fatty acid. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the short chain fatty acid is acetyl, propionyl, or butyryl. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises a group containing an amino acid metabolite. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is an acylated mesalamine. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, acylated hydroxybenzoic acid, acylated ellagic acid, or acylated ellagic acid analogue. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises at least one ketone body acyl or at least one amino acid metabolite acyl. 16. An acylated mesalamine of formula (II): 17. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein R1 is a group containing a fatty acid. 18. The acylated mesalamine of claim 17, wherein the group containing a fatty acid is bonded through a glycosidic bond. 19. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein the group containing a fatty acid is a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or sugar acid having one or more hydroxyl groups substituted with a fatty acid acyl. 20. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein the fatty acid is a short chain fatty acid. 21. The acylated mesalamine of claim 20, wherein the short chain fatty acid is butyryl. 22. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein R2 is H. 23. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein each R3 is H. 24. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein the acylated mesalamine is a compound of the following structure: 25. The acylated mesalamine of claim 24, wherein the compound is of the following structure: 26. The acylated mesalamine of claim 24, wherein the compound is of the following structure: 27. The acylated mesalamine of claim 24, wherein the compound is of the following structure: 28. A composition comprising an excipient and the acylated mesalamine of claim 16. 29. An acylated shikimic acid of the following structure: 30. An acylated catechin polyphenol of formula (I): | Disclosed herein are acylated active agents and methods of their use, e.g., for modulating an autoimmunity marker or for treating an autoimmune disorder.1. A method of modulating an autoimmunity marker or treating an autoimmune disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an acylated active agent selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated carotenoid, acylated mesalamine, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, acylated ellagic acid, acylated ellagic acid analogue, and acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the autoimmunity marker is for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the autoimmune disorder is ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a CYP1A1 mRNA level, intestinal motility, CD4+CD25+ Treg cell count, short chain fatty acids level, mucus secretion is increased following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject; or
wherein abdominal pain, gastrointestinal inflammation, gastrointestinal permeability, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal motility, or frequency of bowel movements is reduced following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject; or
wherein an interleukin-8 (IL-8) level, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) level, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) level, NFκB level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) level, interferon γ (IFNγ) level, interleukin-17 (IL17) level, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) level, CXCL13 level, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) level IgA level, calprotectin level, lipocalin-2 level, or indoxyl sulfate level is reduced following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject; or
wherein the Th1 cell count is modulated following the administration of the acylated active agent to the subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated mesalamine, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, and acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering the acylated active agent to the subject orally. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is cleaved to release at least one fatty acid, at least one ketone body, at least one pre-ketone body, or at least one amino acid metabolite. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises a group containing a fatty acid, and wherein the group containing a fatty acid is a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or sugar acid having one or more hydroxyl groups substituted with a fatty acid acyl. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises a group containing a fatty acid. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fatty acid is a short chain fatty acid. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the short chain fatty acid is acetyl, propionyl, or butyryl. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises a group containing an amino acid metabolite. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is an acylated mesalamine. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent is an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, acylated hydroxybenzoic acid, acylated ellagic acid, or acylated ellagic acid analogue. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the acylated active agent comprises at least one ketone body acyl or at least one amino acid metabolite acyl. 16. An acylated mesalamine of formula (II): 17. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein R1 is a group containing a fatty acid. 18. The acylated mesalamine of claim 17, wherein the group containing a fatty acid is bonded through a glycosidic bond. 19. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein the group containing a fatty acid is a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or sugar acid having one or more hydroxyl groups substituted with a fatty acid acyl. 20. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein the fatty acid is a short chain fatty acid. 21. The acylated mesalamine of claim 20, wherein the short chain fatty acid is butyryl. 22. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein R2 is H. 23. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein each R3 is H. 24. The acylated mesalamine of claim 16, wherein the acylated mesalamine is a compound of the following structure: 25. The acylated mesalamine of claim 24, wherein the compound is of the following structure: 26. The acylated mesalamine of claim 24, wherein the compound is of the following structure: 27. The acylated mesalamine of claim 24, wherein the compound is of the following structure: 28. A composition comprising an excipient and the acylated mesalamine of claim 16. 29. An acylated shikimic acid of the following structure: 30. An acylated catechin polyphenol of formula (I): | 1,700 |
343,844 | 16,803,301 | 1,721 | A method of presenting an audio signal to a user of a mixed reality environment is disclosed. According to examples of the method, an audio event associated with the mixed reality environment is detected. The audio event is associated with a first audio signal. A location of the user with respect to the mixed reality environment is determined. An acoustic region associated with the location of the user is identified. A first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region is determined. A transfer function is determined using the first acoustic parameter. The transfer function is applied to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal, which is then presented to the user. | 1. A method of presenting an audio signal to a user of a mixed reality environment, the method comprising:
detecting an audio event associated with the mixed reality environment, wherein the audio event is associated with a first audio signal; determining a location of the user with respect to the mixed reality environment; detecting, via a first sensor of a wearable device associated with the user, a spatial property of an environment of the user; identifying, based on the detected spatial property, a first acoustic region; determining a first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region; determining, using the first acoustic parameter, a transfer function; applying the transfer function to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal; and presenting, to the user, the second audio signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first audio signal comprises a waveform audio file. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first audio signal comprises a live audio stream. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the wearable device comprises a display, and the method comprises presenting the second audio signal to the user concurrently with presenting, via the display, a view of the mixed reality environment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter comprises determining the first acoustic parameter based on input from the first sensor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a geometric characteristic of the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the geometric characteristic. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a material associated with the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the material. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wearable device comprises a microphone, wherein the microphone is located in the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on a signal detected by the microphone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a reverberation parameter. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a filtering parameter. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting, via a second sensor of the wearable device, a second spatial property of the environment of the user; identifying, based on the detected second spatial property, a second acoustic region, the second acoustic region acoustically coupled to the first acoustic region; and determining a second acoustic parameter associated with the second acoustic region, wherein determining the transfer function comprises determining the transfer function using both the first acoustic parameter and the second acoustic parameter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first sensor comprises the second sensor. 13. A system comprising:
a wearable device including:
a speaker; and
one or more sensors; and
one or more processors configured to perform a method comprising:
detecting an audio event associated with a mixed reality environment, wherein the audio event is associated with a first audio signal;
determining a location of the wearable device with respect to the mixed reality environment;
detecting, via a first sensor of the one or more sensors, a spatial property of an environment of the wearable device;
identifying, based on the detected spatial property, a first acoustic region;
determining a first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region;
determining, using the first acoustic parameter, a transfer function;
applying the transfer function to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal; and
presenting, via the speaker, the second audio signal. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first audio signal comprises a waveform audio file. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the first audio signal comprises a live audio stream. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the wearable device further includes a display, and the method comprises presenting the second audio signal via the speaker concurrently with presenting, via the display, a view of the mixed reality environment. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter comprises determining the first acoustic parameter based on input from the first sensor. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a geometric characteristic of the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the geometric characteristic. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a material associated with the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the material. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more sensors comprises a microphone and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on a signal detected by the microphone. 21. The system of claim 13, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a reverberation parameter. 22. The system of claim 13, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a filtering parameter. 23. The system of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
detecting, via a second sensor of the one or more sensors, a second spatial property of the environment of the wearable device; identifying, based on the detected second spatial property, a second acoustic region, the second acoustic region acoustically coupled to the first acoustic region; and determining a second acoustic parameter associated with the second acoustic region, wherein the determining the transfer function comprises determining the transfer function using both the first acoustic parameter and the second acoustic parameter. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the first sensor comprises the second sensor. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method comprising:
detecting an audio event associated with a mixed reality environment, wherein the audio event is associated with a first audio signal; determining a location of a user with respect to the mixed reality environment; detecting, via a first sensor of a wearable device associated with the user, a spatial property of an environment of the user; identifying, based on the detected spatial property, a first acoustic region; determining a first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region; determining, using the first acoustic parameter, a transfer function; applying the transfer function to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal; and presenting, to the user, the second audio signal. | A method of presenting an audio signal to a user of a mixed reality environment is disclosed. According to examples of the method, an audio event associated with the mixed reality environment is detected. The audio event is associated with a first audio signal. A location of the user with respect to the mixed reality environment is determined. An acoustic region associated with the location of the user is identified. A first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region is determined. A transfer function is determined using the first acoustic parameter. The transfer function is applied to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal, which is then presented to the user.1. A method of presenting an audio signal to a user of a mixed reality environment, the method comprising:
detecting an audio event associated with the mixed reality environment, wherein the audio event is associated with a first audio signal; determining a location of the user with respect to the mixed reality environment; detecting, via a first sensor of a wearable device associated with the user, a spatial property of an environment of the user; identifying, based on the detected spatial property, a first acoustic region; determining a first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region; determining, using the first acoustic parameter, a transfer function; applying the transfer function to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal; and presenting, to the user, the second audio signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first audio signal comprises a waveform audio file. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first audio signal comprises a live audio stream. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the wearable device comprises a display, and the method comprises presenting the second audio signal to the user concurrently with presenting, via the display, a view of the mixed reality environment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter comprises determining the first acoustic parameter based on input from the first sensor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a geometric characteristic of the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the geometric characteristic. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a material associated with the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the material. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wearable device comprises a microphone, wherein the microphone is located in the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on a signal detected by the microphone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a reverberation parameter. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a filtering parameter. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting, via a second sensor of the wearable device, a second spatial property of the environment of the user; identifying, based on the detected second spatial property, a second acoustic region, the second acoustic region acoustically coupled to the first acoustic region; and determining a second acoustic parameter associated with the second acoustic region, wherein determining the transfer function comprises determining the transfer function using both the first acoustic parameter and the second acoustic parameter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first sensor comprises the second sensor. 13. A system comprising:
a wearable device including:
a speaker; and
one or more sensors; and
one or more processors configured to perform a method comprising:
detecting an audio event associated with a mixed reality environment, wherein the audio event is associated with a first audio signal;
determining a location of the wearable device with respect to the mixed reality environment;
detecting, via a first sensor of the one or more sensors, a spatial property of an environment of the wearable device;
identifying, based on the detected spatial property, a first acoustic region;
determining a first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region;
determining, using the first acoustic parameter, a transfer function;
applying the transfer function to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal; and
presenting, via the speaker, the second audio signal. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first audio signal comprises a waveform audio file. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the first audio signal comprises a live audio stream. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the wearable device further includes a display, and the method comprises presenting the second audio signal via the speaker concurrently with presenting, via the display, a view of the mixed reality environment. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter comprises determining the first acoustic parameter based on input from the first sensor. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a geometric characteristic of the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the geometric characteristic. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein determining the first acoustic parameter further comprises identifying, based on the input from the first sensor, a material associated with the first acoustic region, and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on the material. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more sensors comprises a microphone and wherein the determining of the first acoustic parameter is based on a signal detected by the microphone. 21. The system of claim 13, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a reverberation parameter. 22. The system of claim 13, wherein the first acoustic parameter corresponds to a filtering parameter. 23. The system of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
detecting, via a second sensor of the one or more sensors, a second spatial property of the environment of the wearable device; identifying, based on the detected second spatial property, a second acoustic region, the second acoustic region acoustically coupled to the first acoustic region; and determining a second acoustic parameter associated with the second acoustic region, wherein the determining the transfer function comprises determining the transfer function using both the first acoustic parameter and the second acoustic parameter. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the first sensor comprises the second sensor. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute a method comprising:
detecting an audio event associated with a mixed reality environment, wherein the audio event is associated with a first audio signal; determining a location of a user with respect to the mixed reality environment; detecting, via a first sensor of a wearable device associated with the user, a spatial property of an environment of the user; identifying, based on the detected spatial property, a first acoustic region; determining a first acoustic parameter associated with the first acoustic region; determining, using the first acoustic parameter, a transfer function; applying the transfer function to the first audio signal to produce a second audio signal; and presenting, to the user, the second audio signal. | 1,700 |
343,845 | 16,803,293 | 1,721 | In some examples, a storage medium to stores information indicating address locations of virtual serial ports, where the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs). A controller that is separate from a hypervisor is to detect, based on the information, an access of a first virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs, and communicate data between the first VM and another entity through the first virtual serial port. | 1. A system comprising:
a storage medium to store information indicating address locations of virtual serial ports, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; a hypervisor; and a controller that is separate from the hypervisor, the controller to:
detect, based on the information, an access of a first virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs, and
communicate data between the first VM and another entity through the first virtual serial port. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection of the access of the first virtual serial port comprises a detection of a write to a register associated with the first virtual serial port. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the information indicates the address locations of respective register sets of the virtual serial ports. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the respective register sets are in an input/output (I/O) address space. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the respective register sets are in a memory address space. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the information comprises a base address register containing a memory address for deriving addresses for the virtual serial ports. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the information comprises Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACP!) information. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual functions (VFs) assigned to the respective VMs, the VFs implemented on the controller. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the VFs correspond to virtual serial port controllers that control communications of the virtual serial ports. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the VFs are configurable to different types of virtual serial port controllers associated with first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffers of different sizes. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the hypervisor is to assign the respective VFs to the respective VMs. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the hypervisor is to associate multiple virtual serial ports with a given VM of the plurality of VMs. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the information is based on input from a kernel command line of a guest operating system of a VM of the plurality of VMs. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bus, the controller comprising a bus device connected to the bus. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that upon execution cause a controller to:
access information indicating address locations of register sets of virtual serial ports, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; detect, based on the information, a write of a register in a register set of the virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs; and in response to the detecting, communicate data between the first VM and another entity through the virtual serial port associated with the first VM, without performing serial port emulation by a hypervisor. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the information comprises a memory address in a base address register (BAR), the memory address in the BAR useable to derive addresses of the register sets. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the register sets are associated with respective virtual functions (VFs) provided by the controller. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein each VF of the VFs has a base class/subclass/programming interface set to a serial port controller. 19. A method comprising:
storing information indicating address locations of virtual serial ports, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; detecting, based on the information by a controller that is connected to a bus, an access of a first virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs; and communicating, by the controller, data between the first VM and another entity through the first virtual serial port. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the information indicates addresses of respective register sets of the virtual serial ports. | In some examples, a storage medium to stores information indicating address locations of virtual serial ports, where the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs). A controller that is separate from a hypervisor is to detect, based on the information, an access of a first virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs, and communicate data between the first VM and another entity through the first virtual serial port.1. A system comprising:
a storage medium to store information indicating address locations of virtual serial ports, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; a hypervisor; and a controller that is separate from the hypervisor, the controller to:
detect, based on the information, an access of a first virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs, and
communicate data between the first VM and another entity through the first virtual serial port. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection of the access of the first virtual serial port comprises a detection of a write to a register associated with the first virtual serial port. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the information indicates the address locations of respective register sets of the virtual serial ports. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the respective register sets are in an input/output (I/O) address space. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the respective register sets are in a memory address space. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the information comprises a base address register containing a memory address for deriving addresses for the virtual serial ports. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the information comprises Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACP!) information. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual functions (VFs) assigned to the respective VMs, the VFs implemented on the controller. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the VFs correspond to virtual serial port controllers that control communications of the virtual serial ports. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the VFs are configurable to different types of virtual serial port controllers associated with first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffers of different sizes. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the hypervisor is to assign the respective VFs to the respective VMs. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the hypervisor is to associate multiple virtual serial ports with a given VM of the plurality of VMs. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the information is based on input from a kernel command line of a guest operating system of a VM of the plurality of VMs. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bus, the controller comprising a bus device connected to the bus. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that upon execution cause a controller to:
access information indicating address locations of register sets of virtual serial ports, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; detect, based on the information, a write of a register in a register set of the virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs; and in response to the detecting, communicate data between the first VM and another entity through the virtual serial port associated with the first VM, without performing serial port emulation by a hypervisor. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the information comprises a memory address in a base address register (BAR), the memory address in the BAR useable to derive addresses of the register sets. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the register sets are associated with respective virtual functions (VFs) provided by the controller. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein each VF of the VFs has a base class/subclass/programming interface set to a serial port controller. 19. A method comprising:
storing information indicating address locations of virtual serial ports, wherein the virtual serial ports are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; detecting, based on the information by a controller that is connected to a bus, an access of a first virtual serial port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs; and communicating, by the controller, data between the first VM and another entity through the first virtual serial port. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the information indicates addresses of respective register sets of the virtual serial ports. | 1,700 |
343,846 | 16,803,286 | 1,721 | Alkali metal secondary batteries that include anodes constructed from alkali metal foil applied to only one side of a porous current collector metal foil. Openings in the porous current collectors permit alkali metal accessibility on both sides of the anode structure. Such anode constructions enable the utilization of lower-cost and more commonly available alkali metal foil thickness, while still achieving high cell cycle life at a significantly reduced cost. Aspects of the present disclosure also include batteries with porous current collectors having increased volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, and methods of manufacturing anodes with porous current collectors. | 1. A method of manufacturing an anode, comprising:
receiving an alkali metal foil; receiving a porous current collector foil having first and second opposing sides and a webbed structure defining openings each having a volume; and laminating the alkali metal foil and porous current collector foil together at the first side of the porous current collector, wherein the laminating includes forming extruded portions of the alkali metal foil that extend through the openings from the first side to the second side and that substantially fill the volumes of the openings. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laminating step includes completely filling the volumes with the extruded portions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the laminating step includes extending the extruded portions until they are at least substantially flush with the second side of the porous current collector foil. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the openings in the porous current collector foil define a percent open area that is greater than 40%. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the openings have a maximum width that is greater than 0.5 mm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the webbed structure of the porous current collector has a minimum web width extending between adjacent ones of the openings, wherein the minimum web width is less than 1 mm. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising coating the second side of the current collector with an alkali metal coating. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of coating includes one or more of vapor deposition, electrodeposition, slot-die coating, dip coating, micro gravure, flexography, or plating during initial charging of a cell containing the anode. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein alkali metal foil is laminated to only one side of the current collector metal foil. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal foil has a width that is greater than 55 mm. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the laminating step includes laminating a plurality of rows of the alkali metal foil in a closely-spaced parallel arrangement across the porous current collector foil to form a wide-format anode having a width in the range of 55 mm to 300 mm. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal foil is a first alkali metal foil, the method further comprising laminating a second alkali metal foil and the porous current collector foil together at the second side of the porous current collector. 13. A secondary battery, comprising:
an alkali metal anode, a cathode, and a separator; wherein the alkali metal anode was manufactured according to claim 1. 14. An anode for an alkali metal secondary battery, comprising:
a porous current collector foil having first and second opposing sides and a webbed structure defining openings each having a volume; and an alkali metal foil laminated to one side of the porous current collector foil, wherein portions of the alkali metal foil extend through the openings from the first side to the second side and substantially fill the volumes of the openings. 15. The anode of claim 14, wherein the openings in the porous current collector foil define a percent open area that is greater than 40%. 16. The anode of claim 14, wherein the openings have a width that is greater than 0.5 mm. 17. The anode of claim 14, wherein the webbed structure of the porous current collector has a minimum web width extending between adjacent ones of the openings, wherein the minimum web width is less than 1 mm. 18. The anode of claim 14, wherein the alkali metal foil has a width that is greater than 55 mm. 19. The anode of claim 14, wherein the anode includes a plurality of rows of the alkali metal foil positioned in a closely-spaced parallel arrangement across the porous current collector foil, wherein a width of the anode is between 55 mm to 300 mm. 20. The anode of claim 14, wherein the alkali metal foil is laminated to the first side of the porous current collector foil, further wherein the second side of the porous current collector foil includes a coating of the alkali metal. 21. The anode of claim 20, wherein the coating was formed by one or more of vapor deposition, electrodeposition, slot-die coating, dip coating, micro gravure, flexography, or plating during initial charging of a cell containing the anode. | Alkali metal secondary batteries that include anodes constructed from alkali metal foil applied to only one side of a porous current collector metal foil. Openings in the porous current collectors permit alkali metal accessibility on both sides of the anode structure. Such anode constructions enable the utilization of lower-cost and more commonly available alkali metal foil thickness, while still achieving high cell cycle life at a significantly reduced cost. Aspects of the present disclosure also include batteries with porous current collectors having increased volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, and methods of manufacturing anodes with porous current collectors.1. A method of manufacturing an anode, comprising:
receiving an alkali metal foil; receiving a porous current collector foil having first and second opposing sides and a webbed structure defining openings each having a volume; and laminating the alkali metal foil and porous current collector foil together at the first side of the porous current collector, wherein the laminating includes forming extruded portions of the alkali metal foil that extend through the openings from the first side to the second side and that substantially fill the volumes of the openings. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laminating step includes completely filling the volumes with the extruded portions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the laminating step includes extending the extruded portions until they are at least substantially flush with the second side of the porous current collector foil. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the openings in the porous current collector foil define a percent open area that is greater than 40%. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the openings have a maximum width that is greater than 0.5 mm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the webbed structure of the porous current collector has a minimum web width extending between adjacent ones of the openings, wherein the minimum web width is less than 1 mm. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising coating the second side of the current collector with an alkali metal coating. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of coating includes one or more of vapor deposition, electrodeposition, slot-die coating, dip coating, micro gravure, flexography, or plating during initial charging of a cell containing the anode. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein alkali metal foil is laminated to only one side of the current collector metal foil. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal foil has a width that is greater than 55 mm. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the laminating step includes laminating a plurality of rows of the alkali metal foil in a closely-spaced parallel arrangement across the porous current collector foil to form a wide-format anode having a width in the range of 55 mm to 300 mm. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal foil is a first alkali metal foil, the method further comprising laminating a second alkali metal foil and the porous current collector foil together at the second side of the porous current collector. 13. A secondary battery, comprising:
an alkali metal anode, a cathode, and a separator; wherein the alkali metal anode was manufactured according to claim 1. 14. An anode for an alkali metal secondary battery, comprising:
a porous current collector foil having first and second opposing sides and a webbed structure defining openings each having a volume; and an alkali metal foil laminated to one side of the porous current collector foil, wherein portions of the alkali metal foil extend through the openings from the first side to the second side and substantially fill the volumes of the openings. 15. The anode of claim 14, wherein the openings in the porous current collector foil define a percent open area that is greater than 40%. 16. The anode of claim 14, wherein the openings have a width that is greater than 0.5 mm. 17. The anode of claim 14, wherein the webbed structure of the porous current collector has a minimum web width extending between adjacent ones of the openings, wherein the minimum web width is less than 1 mm. 18. The anode of claim 14, wherein the alkali metal foil has a width that is greater than 55 mm. 19. The anode of claim 14, wherein the anode includes a plurality of rows of the alkali metal foil positioned in a closely-spaced parallel arrangement across the porous current collector foil, wherein a width of the anode is between 55 mm to 300 mm. 20. The anode of claim 14, wherein the alkali metal foil is laminated to the first side of the porous current collector foil, further wherein the second side of the porous current collector foil includes a coating of the alkali metal. 21. The anode of claim 20, wherein the coating was formed by one or more of vapor deposition, electrodeposition, slot-die coating, dip coating, micro gravure, flexography, or plating during initial charging of a cell containing the anode. | 1,700 |
343,847 | 16,803,292 | 1,721 | A radio communication device comprising a radio frequency circuit and a microcontroller arranged to control the radio frequency circuit. The radio communication device further comprises: a radio frequency reference connected to the radio frequency circuit and arranged to be the frequency reference of at least the symbol frequency; a MCU and a time frequency reference connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is arranged to determine a frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference by performing the steps of: transmitting a radio signal, and signal a timing signal on a control interface, comprising information on start of transmission and end of transmission of the radio signal; receive the timing signal from the radio frequency circuit and measure a transmission duration of the radio signal with reference to the MCU frequency reference and calculate a frequency error of the MCU frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on the measured transmission duration of the radio signal and the number of symbols and the symbol frequency. Further, the microcontroller measures a time period of the time frequency reference with reference to the MCU frequency reference; and calculate the frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference. | 1. A radio communication device comprising:
a microcontroller connected to a radio frequency circuit by one or more control interfaces and arranged to control the radio frequency circuit to transmit a radio signal with a number of symbols and a symbol frequency; a time frequency reference of lower precision arranged to be a reference to the microcontroller for time measurements, such as time reference for a real time clock; and a radio frequency reference of higher precision connected to the radio frequency circuit and arranged to be frequency reference for generation of at least the symbol frequency of the radio signal; wherein the microcontroller is arranged to determine and compensate for a frequency error of the lower precision time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on:
a timing signal generated by the radio frequency circuit and associated to a transmission duration of the radio signal,
the number of symbols, and
the symbol frequency controlled by the higher precision radio frequency reference. 2. A radio communication device according to claim 1, further comprising an MCU frequency reference connected to the microcontroller, and arranged to be a reference to the microcontroller for time measurements, wherein the microcontroller further is adapted to:
measure on the timing signal a transmission duration of the radio signal with reference to the MCU frequency reference; calculate a frequency error of the MCU frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on the measured transmission duration, the number of symbols and the symbol frequency; measure a time period of the time frequency reference with reference to the MCU frequency reference; and calculate the frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on the frequency error of the MCU frequency reference and the measured time period of the time frequency reference. 3. A radio communication device according to claim 2 wherein the microcontroller further is adapted to, via the one or more control interfaces, control the radio frequency circuit to:
transmit the radio signal,
generate the timing signal on at least one of the one or more control interfaces, the timing signal comprising information on start of transmission and end of transmission of the radio signal, and
receive the timing signal from the radio frequency circuit and measure the transmission duration of the radio signal with reference to the MCU frequency reference. 4. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the radio frequency reference has an operating frequency which is higher than the operating frequency of the MCU frequency reference and the time frequency reference has an operating frequency which is lower than the operating frequency of the MCU frequency reference. 5. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the nominal absolute precision of the radio frequency reference is higher than the nominal absolute precision of the MCU frequency reference and the time frequency reference. 6. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the radio frequency reference has a nominal frequency in a first range of 20-200 MHz, the MCU frequency reference has a nominal frequency in a second range of 2-20 MHz and the time frequency reference has a nominal frequency in a third range of 2-200 kHz. 7. A radio communication device according to claim 1, comprising a Real Time Clock wherein the time frequency reference is the reference for the Real Time Clock. 8. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the MCU frequency reference is the reference for a microcontroller clock. 9. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the MCU frequency reference is a digitally controlled oscillator integrated in the microcontroller. 10. A radio communication device according to claim 9, wherein the microcontroller further is arranged to perform a step of adjusting the digitally controlled oscillator to compensate for the frequency error of the MCU frequency reference, whereby calculation of the frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference is based on the frequency error of the MCU frequency reference. 11. A radio communication device according to claim 3, wherein one of the one or more control interfaces comprises an input/output port on the microcontroller and the radio frequency circuit, respectively. 12. A radio communication device according to claim 3, wherein one of the one or more control interfaces is arranged according to a serial communication protocol such as I2C or SPI. 13. A radio communication device according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor arranged to measure an internal temperature of the radio communication device and wherein the microcontroller further is arranged to measure the internal temperature when determining the frequency error of the time frequency reference to create a temperature-frequency-error table describing the frequency error as a function of the internal temperature. 14. A radio communication device according to claim 13, wherein the microcontroller is arranged to measure an internal temperature of the radio communication device and to correct a Real Time Clock of the radio communication device according to the internal temperature and the temperature-frequency-error table. 15. A utility meter for measuring an amount of a utility delivered to a consumption site, the utility meter comprising:
a radio communication device according to claim 1; and a time measurement device, such as a real time clock, wherein the time frequency reference is the reference to the time measurement device. | A radio communication device comprising a radio frequency circuit and a microcontroller arranged to control the radio frequency circuit. The radio communication device further comprises: a radio frequency reference connected to the radio frequency circuit and arranged to be the frequency reference of at least the symbol frequency; a MCU and a time frequency reference connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is arranged to determine a frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference by performing the steps of: transmitting a radio signal, and signal a timing signal on a control interface, comprising information on start of transmission and end of transmission of the radio signal; receive the timing signal from the radio frequency circuit and measure a transmission duration of the radio signal with reference to the MCU frequency reference and calculate a frequency error of the MCU frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on the measured transmission duration of the radio signal and the number of symbols and the symbol frequency. Further, the microcontroller measures a time period of the time frequency reference with reference to the MCU frequency reference; and calculate the frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference.1. A radio communication device comprising:
a microcontroller connected to a radio frequency circuit by one or more control interfaces and arranged to control the radio frequency circuit to transmit a radio signal with a number of symbols and a symbol frequency; a time frequency reference of lower precision arranged to be a reference to the microcontroller for time measurements, such as time reference for a real time clock; and a radio frequency reference of higher precision connected to the radio frequency circuit and arranged to be frequency reference for generation of at least the symbol frequency of the radio signal; wherein the microcontroller is arranged to determine and compensate for a frequency error of the lower precision time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on:
a timing signal generated by the radio frequency circuit and associated to a transmission duration of the radio signal,
the number of symbols, and
the symbol frequency controlled by the higher precision radio frequency reference. 2. A radio communication device according to claim 1, further comprising an MCU frequency reference connected to the microcontroller, and arranged to be a reference to the microcontroller for time measurements, wherein the microcontroller further is adapted to:
measure on the timing signal a transmission duration of the radio signal with reference to the MCU frequency reference; calculate a frequency error of the MCU frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on the measured transmission duration, the number of symbols and the symbol frequency; measure a time period of the time frequency reference with reference to the MCU frequency reference; and calculate the frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference based on the frequency error of the MCU frequency reference and the measured time period of the time frequency reference. 3. A radio communication device according to claim 2 wherein the microcontroller further is adapted to, via the one or more control interfaces, control the radio frequency circuit to:
transmit the radio signal,
generate the timing signal on at least one of the one or more control interfaces, the timing signal comprising information on start of transmission and end of transmission of the radio signal, and
receive the timing signal from the radio frequency circuit and measure the transmission duration of the radio signal with reference to the MCU frequency reference. 4. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the radio frequency reference has an operating frequency which is higher than the operating frequency of the MCU frequency reference and the time frequency reference has an operating frequency which is lower than the operating frequency of the MCU frequency reference. 5. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the nominal absolute precision of the radio frequency reference is higher than the nominal absolute precision of the MCU frequency reference and the time frequency reference. 6. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the radio frequency reference has a nominal frequency in a first range of 20-200 MHz, the MCU frequency reference has a nominal frequency in a second range of 2-20 MHz and the time frequency reference has a nominal frequency in a third range of 2-200 kHz. 7. A radio communication device according to claim 1, comprising a Real Time Clock wherein the time frequency reference is the reference for the Real Time Clock. 8. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the MCU frequency reference is the reference for a microcontroller clock. 9. A radio communication device according to claim 2, wherein the MCU frequency reference is a digitally controlled oscillator integrated in the microcontroller. 10. A radio communication device according to claim 9, wherein the microcontroller further is arranged to perform a step of adjusting the digitally controlled oscillator to compensate for the frequency error of the MCU frequency reference, whereby calculation of the frequency error of the time frequency reference relative to the radio frequency reference is based on the frequency error of the MCU frequency reference. 11. A radio communication device according to claim 3, wherein one of the one or more control interfaces comprises an input/output port on the microcontroller and the radio frequency circuit, respectively. 12. A radio communication device according to claim 3, wherein one of the one or more control interfaces is arranged according to a serial communication protocol such as I2C or SPI. 13. A radio communication device according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor arranged to measure an internal temperature of the radio communication device and wherein the microcontroller further is arranged to measure the internal temperature when determining the frequency error of the time frequency reference to create a temperature-frequency-error table describing the frequency error as a function of the internal temperature. 14. A radio communication device according to claim 13, wherein the microcontroller is arranged to measure an internal temperature of the radio communication device and to correct a Real Time Clock of the radio communication device according to the internal temperature and the temperature-frequency-error table. 15. A utility meter for measuring an amount of a utility delivered to a consumption site, the utility meter comprising:
a radio communication device according to claim 1; and a time measurement device, such as a real time clock, wherein the time frequency reference is the reference to the time measurement device. | 1,700 |
343,848 | 16,803,222 | 1,721 | Systems and methods for estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to receive, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure and analyze the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data. The processor may select a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure, receive an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure, and compare the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold. The processor may then output a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. | 1-202. (canceled) 203. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure, the operations comprising:
receiving, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure; analyzing the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data; selecting a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure; receiving an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure; comparing the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold; and outputting a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. 204. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the contact force threshold is associated with a tension level. 205. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the contact force threshold is associated with a compression level. 206. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the actual contact force is associated with a contact between a medical instrument and the anatomical structure. 207. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the indication of actual contact force is estimated based on an image analysis of the image data. 208. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein outputting the notification includes providing a real time warning to a surgeon conducting the surgical procedure. 209. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the notification is an instruction to a surgical robot. 210. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise determining from the image data that the surgical procedure is in a fight mode, and wherein the notification is suspended during the fight mode. 211. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise determining from the image data that the surgeon is operating in a mode ignoring contact force notifications, and suspending at least temporarily, further contact force notifications based on the determination that the surgeon is operating in the mode ignoring contact force notifications. 212. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on a location of contact between the anatomical structure and a medical instrument. 213. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on an angle of contact between the anatomical structure and a medical instrument. 214. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold includes providing the condition of the anatomical structure to a regression model as an input, and selecting the contact force threshold based on an output of the regression model. 215. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on a table of anatomical structures including corresponding contact force thresholds. 216. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on actions performed by a surgeon. 217. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the indication of actual contact force is received from a surgical tool. 218. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the indication of actual contact force is received from a surgical robot. 219. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise using a machine learning model trained using training examples to determine the condition of the anatomical structure in the image data. 220. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise using a machine learning model trained using training examples to select the contact force threshold. 221. A computer-implemented method for estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure, the method including:
receiving, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure; analyzing the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data; selecting a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure; receiving an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure; comparing the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold; and outputting a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. 222. A system for estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure, the system including:
at least one processor configured to: receive, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure; analyze the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data; select a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure; receive an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure; compare the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold; and output a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. 223-282. (canceled) | Systems and methods for estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to receive, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure and analyze the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data. The processor may select a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure, receive an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure, and compare the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold. The processor may then output a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold.1-202. (canceled) 203. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure, the operations comprising:
receiving, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure; analyzing the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data; selecting a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure; receiving an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure; comparing the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold; and outputting a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. 204. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the contact force threshold is associated with a tension level. 205. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the contact force threshold is associated with a compression level. 206. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the actual contact force is associated with a contact between a medical instrument and the anatomical structure. 207. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the indication of actual contact force is estimated based on an image analysis of the image data. 208. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein outputting the notification includes providing a real time warning to a surgeon conducting the surgical procedure. 209. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the notification is an instruction to a surgical robot. 210. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise determining from the image data that the surgical procedure is in a fight mode, and wherein the notification is suspended during the fight mode. 211. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise determining from the image data that the surgeon is operating in a mode ignoring contact force notifications, and suspending at least temporarily, further contact force notifications based on the determination that the surgeon is operating in the mode ignoring contact force notifications. 212. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on a location of contact between the anatomical structure and a medical instrument. 213. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on an angle of contact between the anatomical structure and a medical instrument. 214. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold includes providing the condition of the anatomical structure to a regression model as an input, and selecting the contact force threshold based on an output of the regression model. 215. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on a table of anatomical structures including corresponding contact force thresholds. 216. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein selecting the contact force threshold is based on actions performed by a surgeon. 217. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the indication of actual contact force is received from a surgical tool. 218. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the indication of actual contact force is received from a surgical robot. 219. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise using a machine learning model trained using training examples to determine the condition of the anatomical structure in the image data. 220. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 203, wherein the operations further comprise using a machine learning model trained using training examples to select the contact force threshold. 221. A computer-implemented method for estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure, the method including:
receiving, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure; analyzing the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data; selecting a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure; receiving an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure; comparing the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold; and outputting a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. 222. A system for estimating contact force on an anatomical structure during a surgical procedure, the system including:
at least one processor configured to: receive, from at least one image sensor in an operating room, image data of a surgical procedure; analyze the received image data to determine an identity of an anatomical structure and to determine a condition of the anatomical structure as reflected in the image data; select a contact force threshold associated with the anatomical structure, the selected contact force threshold being based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure; receive an indication of actual contact force on the anatomical structure; compare the indication of actual contact force with the selected contact force threshold; and output a notification based on a determination that the indication of actual contact force exceeds the selected contact force threshold. 223-282. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,849 | 16,803,297 | 1,721 | A controller receives a message from a first user terminal of user terminals belonging to a chat group. In a case where the type of the message is of a normal message, the controller transmits the message to each of the user terminals. In a case where the type of the message is selection of the game icon, the controller generates a game message according to logic corresponding to the game icon and transmits the game message to each of the user terminals. | 1. A game control method comprising:
transmitting, to terminals of a plurality of users, data for displaying a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and one or more messages sent from at least a part of the plurality of users; causing display of the game icon in the chat screen on a terminal of a first user of the plurality of users; in response to selection of the game icon by the first user,
transmitting, to the terminal of the first user, data for displaying a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of another user to the game in the chat screen, and
transmitting, to terminals other than the terminal of the first user, data for displaying an icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen;
in response to the icon for the entry to the game being selected by a second user other than the first user, receiving the entry of the second user; transmitting, to at least a part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a player group including the first user and the second user who has entered the game in the chat screen; conducting a battle by the player group; and transmitting, to at least part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a display in the terminal of a user with entry to the game is different from a display in the terminal of a user without entry to the game. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying the player group, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a first message from the terminal of the first user, wherein
in the chat screen displayed on the terminal of the first user, the first message is displayed in a first balloon that is right-justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen, and in the chat screen displayed on terminals of users other than the first user, the first message is displayed in a second balloon that is left justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the first user. 7. A game control device comprising:
circuitry configured to: transmit, to terminals of a plurality of users, data for displaying a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and one or more messages sent from at least a part of the plurality of users; cause display of the game icon in the chat screen on a terminal of a first user of the plurality of users; in response to selection of the game icon by the first user,
transmit, to the terminal of the first user, data for displaying a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of another user to the game in the chat screen, and
transmit, to terminals other than the terminal of the first user, data for displaying an icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen;
in response to the icon for the entry to the game being selected by a second user other than the first user, receive the entry of the second user; transmit, to at least a part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a player group including the first user and the second user who has entered the game in the chat screen; conduct a battle by the player group; and transmit, to at least part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen. 8. The game control device of claim 7, wherein a display in the terminal of a user with entry to the game is different from a display in the terminal of a user without entry to the game. 9. The game control device of claim 7, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 10. The game control device of claim 7, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 11. The game control device of claim 7, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying the player group, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 12. The game control device of claim 7, wherein
the circuitry is configured to receive a first message from the terminal of the first user, in the chat screen displayed on the terminal of the first user, the first message is displayed in a first balloon that is right-justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen, and in the chat screen displayed on terminals of users other than the first user, the first message is displayed in a second balloon that is left justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the first user. 13. A game control method at a terminal used by a user, the method comprising:
receiving first data indicating one or more messages sent from one or more users;
displaying, on a display of the terminal, a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and the one or more message based on the first data;
in response to the game icon being selected by the user, transmitting second data indicating that the game icon is selected;
displaying a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of at least one of the one or more users to the game in the chat screen after transmitting the second data;
receiving a third data indicating a user of the one or more users who has selected the icon for the entry to the game while the waiting message is displayed;
displaying information indicating the user who has selected the icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen while the waiting message is displayed based on the third data;
displaying a player group composed of the users who have entered the game in the chat screen;
receiving fourth data relating a battle by the group;
displaying the battle on the display based on the fourth data; and
displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a display in the terminal when entered to the game is different from a display in the terminal when not entered to the game. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a first message from the terminal of the first user, wherein
receiving an input of a first message from the terminal of the user; transmitting the first message; displaying the first message in a first balloon that is right justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen; receiving a second message from another user; and displaying the second message in a second balloon that is left-justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the other user. 17. A device comprising circuitry configured to:
receive first data indicating one or more messages sent from one or more users, display, on a display of the terminal, a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and the one or more message based on the first data, in response to the game icon being selected by the user, transmit second data indicating that the game icon is selected, display a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of at least one of the one or more users to the game in the chat screen after transmitting the second data; receive a third data indicating a user of the one or more users who has selected the icon for the entry to the game while the waiting message is displayed, display information indicating the user who has selected the icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen while the waiting message is displayed based on the third data, display a player group composed of the users who have entered the game in the chat screen, receive fourth data relating a battle by the group, display the battle on the display based on the fourth data, and display a result of the battle in the chat screen. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein a display in the terminal of a user with entry to the game is different from a display in the terminal of a user without entry to the game. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 20. The device of claim 17, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive an input of a first message from the terminal of the user; transmit the first message; display the first message in a first balloon that is right-justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen; receive a second message from another user; and display the second message in a second balloon that is left-justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the other user. | A controller receives a message from a first user terminal of user terminals belonging to a chat group. In a case where the type of the message is of a normal message, the controller transmits the message to each of the user terminals. In a case where the type of the message is selection of the game icon, the controller generates a game message according to logic corresponding to the game icon and transmits the game message to each of the user terminals.1. A game control method comprising:
transmitting, to terminals of a plurality of users, data for displaying a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and one or more messages sent from at least a part of the plurality of users; causing display of the game icon in the chat screen on a terminal of a first user of the plurality of users; in response to selection of the game icon by the first user,
transmitting, to the terminal of the first user, data for displaying a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of another user to the game in the chat screen, and
transmitting, to terminals other than the terminal of the first user, data for displaying an icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen;
in response to the icon for the entry to the game being selected by a second user other than the first user, receiving the entry of the second user; transmitting, to at least a part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a player group including the first user and the second user who has entered the game in the chat screen; conducting a battle by the player group; and transmitting, to at least part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a display in the terminal of a user with entry to the game is different from a display in the terminal of a user without entry to the game. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying the player group, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a first message from the terminal of the first user, wherein
in the chat screen displayed on the terminal of the first user, the first message is displayed in a first balloon that is right-justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen, and in the chat screen displayed on terminals of users other than the first user, the first message is displayed in a second balloon that is left justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the first user. 7. A game control device comprising:
circuitry configured to: transmit, to terminals of a plurality of users, data for displaying a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and one or more messages sent from at least a part of the plurality of users; cause display of the game icon in the chat screen on a terminal of a first user of the plurality of users; in response to selection of the game icon by the first user,
transmit, to the terminal of the first user, data for displaying a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of another user to the game in the chat screen, and
transmit, to terminals other than the terminal of the first user, data for displaying an icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen;
in response to the icon for the entry to the game being selected by a second user other than the first user, receive the entry of the second user; transmit, to at least a part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a player group including the first user and the second user who has entered the game in the chat screen; conduct a battle by the player group; and transmit, to at least part of the terminals of the plurality of users, data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen. 8. The game control device of claim 7, wherein a display in the terminal of a user with entry to the game is different from a display in the terminal of a user without entry to the game. 9. The game control device of claim 7, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 10. The game control device of claim 7, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 11. The game control device of claim 7, wherein in transmitting the data for displaying the player group, the data is transmitted to the terminals of all of the plurality of users. 12. The game control device of claim 7, wherein
the circuitry is configured to receive a first message from the terminal of the first user, in the chat screen displayed on the terminal of the first user, the first message is displayed in a first balloon that is right-justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen, and in the chat screen displayed on terminals of users other than the first user, the first message is displayed in a second balloon that is left justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the first user. 13. A game control method at a terminal used by a user, the method comprising:
receiving first data indicating one or more messages sent from one or more users;
displaying, on a display of the terminal, a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and the one or more message based on the first data;
in response to the game icon being selected by the user, transmitting second data indicating that the game icon is selected;
displaying a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of at least one of the one or more users to the game in the chat screen after transmitting the second data;
receiving a third data indicating a user of the one or more users who has selected the icon for the entry to the game while the waiting message is displayed;
displaying information indicating the user who has selected the icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen while the waiting message is displayed based on the third data;
displaying a player group composed of the users who have entered the game in the chat screen;
receiving fourth data relating a battle by the group;
displaying the battle on the display based on the fourth data; and
displaying a result of the battle in the chat screen. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a display in the terminal when entered to the game is different from a display in the terminal when not entered to the game. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a first message from the terminal of the first user, wherein
receiving an input of a first message from the terminal of the user; transmitting the first message; displaying the first message in a first balloon that is right justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen; receiving a second message from another user; and displaying the second message in a second balloon that is left-justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the other user. 17. A device comprising circuitry configured to:
receive first data indicating one or more messages sent from one or more users, display, on a display of the terminal, a chat screen comprising a game icon for entry to a game and the one or more message based on the first data, in response to the game icon being selected by the user, transmit second data indicating that the game icon is selected, display a waiting message indicating waiting for an entry of at least one of the one or more users to the game in the chat screen after transmitting the second data; receive a third data indicating a user of the one or more users who has selected the icon for the entry to the game while the waiting message is displayed, display information indicating the user who has selected the icon for the entry to the game in the chat screen while the waiting message is displayed based on the third data, display a player group composed of the users who have entered the game in the chat screen, receive fourth data relating a battle by the group, display the battle on the display based on the fourth data, and display a result of the battle in the chat screen. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein a display in the terminal of a user with entry to the game is different from a display in the terminal of a user without entry to the game. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein an entry to the game is ended when a set entry period has elapsed. 20. The device of claim 17, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive an input of a first message from the terminal of the user; transmit the first message; display the first message in a first balloon that is right-justified and has a tail pointing right in the chat screen; receive a second message from another user; and display the second message in a second balloon that is left-justified and has a tail pointing left in the chat screen, the second balloon being associated with the other user. | 1,700 |
343,850 | 16,803,260 | 1,721 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line, a circuit configured to apply a voltage to the word line, a detection circuit configured to detect a first time difference from when a first signal of which a voltage is increased with a first slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the first signal, and a second time difference from when a second signal of which a voltage is increased with a second slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the second signal, the second slope being different from the first slope, and a determination circuit configured to determine a threshold voltage of the memory cells based on a difference between the first time difference and the second time difference. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line; a circuit configured to apply a voltage to the word line; a detection circuit configured to detect a first time difference from when a first signal of which a voltage is increased with a first slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the first signal, and a second time difference from when a second signal of which a voltage is increased with a second slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the second signal, the second slope being different from the first slope; and a determination circuit configured to determine a threshold voltage of the memory cells based on a difference between the first time difference and the second time difference. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first signal is a pulse signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a counter configured to:
start counting when a voltage starts to be applied to the word line; and output a count value;
a division circuit configured to output a division value obtained by dividing the count value by a value corresponding to a slope with which the voltage is increased; and a digital/analog conversion circuit configured to perform digital/analog conversion of the division value and output the digital/analog-converted division value as the first signal or the second signal. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising: an analog voltage generation circuit configured to generate an analog signal including the first signal or the second signal. 6. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a word line; a circuit configured to apply a ramp signal to the word line, the ramp signal including a voltage that increases based on a predetermined slope; a plurality of memory cells connected to the word line, wherein the memory cells are grouped into a plurality of groups based on a respective length of the word line from the circuit to each of the memory cells; a calculation circuit configured to calculate, for each of the groups, a difference between an expected value of a threshold voltage corresponding to data stored in a memory cell belonging to each of the groups and a detected threshold voltage of the memory cell; and a shift circuit configured to shift, for each of the groups, a determination voltage for determining the threshold voltage corresponding to the data stored in the memory cell based on the calculated difference. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, further comprising: a counter configured to output a first count value starting to be counted when the ramp signal is applied to the word line,
wherein the calculation circuit is configured to use the first count value counted by the counter until a current flows through the memory cell after applying the ramp signal as a detected threshold voltage for the memory cell, and calculate a count value difference between the expected value of the threshold voltage and the first count value, and the shift circuit configured to shift the determination voltage to a second count value based on the calculated count value difference. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein the shift circuit is further configured to shift the determination voltage to the second count value when the count value difference exceeds a predetermined value. 9. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line, comprising:
applying a voltage to the word line; detecting a first time difference from when a first signal that increases with a first slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the first signal, and a second time difference from when a second signal that increases with a second slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the second signal, the second slope being different from the first slope; and determining a threshold voltage of the memory cells based on a difference between the first time difference and the second time difference. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first signal is a pulse signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 12. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
starting counting when a voltage starts to be applied to the word line; outputting a division value obtained by dividing a count value by a value corresponding to a slope with which the voltage is increased; and performing digital/analog conversion of the division value and outputting the digital/analog-converted division value as the first signal or the second signal. 13. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: generating a analog signal including the first signal or the second signal. 14. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line, the plurality of memory cells being grouped into a plurality of groups based on a respective length of the word line from a circuit configured to apply a ramp signal to the word line to each of the memory cells,
the method comprising: applying the ramp signal to the word line, the ramp signal including a voltage increasing with a predetermined slope; calculating, for each of the groups, a difference between an expected value of a threshold voltage corresponding to data stored in a memory cell belonging to each of the plurality of groups and a detected threshold voltage of the memory cell; and shifting, for each of the groups, a determination voltage for determining the threshold voltage corresponding to the data stored in the memory cell based on the calculated difference. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: outputting a first count value starting to be counted when the ramp signal is applied to the word line,
using the first count value counted until a current flows through the memory cell after applying the ramp signal as a detected threshold voltage for the memory cell, calculating a count value difference between the expected value of the threshold voltage and the first count value, and shifting the determination voltage to a second count value based on the calculated count value difference. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: shifting the determination voltage to the second count value when the count value difference exceeds a predetermined value. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line, a circuit configured to apply a voltage to the word line, a detection circuit configured to detect a first time difference from when a first signal of which a voltage is increased with a first slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the first signal, and a second time difference from when a second signal of which a voltage is increased with a second slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the second signal, the second slope being different from the first slope, and a determination circuit configured to determine a threshold voltage of the memory cells based on a difference between the first time difference and the second time difference.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line; a circuit configured to apply a voltage to the word line; a detection circuit configured to detect a first time difference from when a first signal of which a voltage is increased with a first slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the first signal, and a second time difference from when a second signal of which a voltage is increased with a second slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the second signal, the second slope being different from the first slope; and a determination circuit configured to determine a threshold voltage of the memory cells based on a difference between the first time difference and the second time difference. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first signal is a pulse signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a counter configured to:
start counting when a voltage starts to be applied to the word line; and output a count value;
a division circuit configured to output a division value obtained by dividing the count value by a value corresponding to a slope with which the voltage is increased; and a digital/analog conversion circuit configured to perform digital/analog conversion of the division value and output the digital/analog-converted division value as the first signal or the second signal. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising: an analog voltage generation circuit configured to generate an analog signal including the first signal or the second signal. 6. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a word line; a circuit configured to apply a ramp signal to the word line, the ramp signal including a voltage that increases based on a predetermined slope; a plurality of memory cells connected to the word line, wherein the memory cells are grouped into a plurality of groups based on a respective length of the word line from the circuit to each of the memory cells; a calculation circuit configured to calculate, for each of the groups, a difference between an expected value of a threshold voltage corresponding to data stored in a memory cell belonging to each of the groups and a detected threshold voltage of the memory cell; and a shift circuit configured to shift, for each of the groups, a determination voltage for determining the threshold voltage corresponding to the data stored in the memory cell based on the calculated difference. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, further comprising: a counter configured to output a first count value starting to be counted when the ramp signal is applied to the word line,
wherein the calculation circuit is configured to use the first count value counted by the counter until a current flows through the memory cell after applying the ramp signal as a detected threshold voltage for the memory cell, and calculate a count value difference between the expected value of the threshold voltage and the first count value, and the shift circuit configured to shift the determination voltage to a second count value based on the calculated count value difference. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein the shift circuit is further configured to shift the determination voltage to the second count value when the count value difference exceeds a predetermined value. 9. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line, comprising:
applying a voltage to the word line; detecting a first time difference from when a first signal that increases with a first slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the first signal, and a second time difference from when a second signal that increases with a second slope is applied to the word line to when a current flows through the memory cells in response to applying the second signal, the second slope being different from the first slope; and determining a threshold voltage of the memory cells based on a difference between the first time difference and the second time difference. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein each of the first signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first signal is a pulse signal and the second signal is a ramp signal. 12. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
starting counting when a voltage starts to be applied to the word line; outputting a division value obtained by dividing a count value by a value corresponding to a slope with which the voltage is increased; and performing digital/analog conversion of the division value and outputting the digital/analog-converted division value as the first signal or the second signal. 13. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: generating a analog signal including the first signal or the second signal. 14. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory cells connected to a word line, the plurality of memory cells being grouped into a plurality of groups based on a respective length of the word line from a circuit configured to apply a ramp signal to the word line to each of the memory cells,
the method comprising: applying the ramp signal to the word line, the ramp signal including a voltage increasing with a predetermined slope; calculating, for each of the groups, a difference between an expected value of a threshold voltage corresponding to data stored in a memory cell belonging to each of the plurality of groups and a detected threshold voltage of the memory cell; and shifting, for each of the groups, a determination voltage for determining the threshold voltage corresponding to the data stored in the memory cell based on the calculated difference. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: outputting a first count value starting to be counted when the ramp signal is applied to the word line,
using the first count value counted until a current flows through the memory cell after applying the ramp signal as a detected threshold voltage for the memory cell, calculating a count value difference between the expected value of the threshold voltage and the first count value, and shifting the determination voltage to a second count value based on the calculated count value difference. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: shifting the determination voltage to the second count value when the count value difference exceeds a predetermined value. | 1,700 |
343,851 | 16,803,210 | 1,721 | A protective sheath having a closed end and an open end is sized to receive a hand held spectrometer. The spectrometer can be placed in the sheath to calibrate the spectrometer and to measure samples. In a calibration orientation, an optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the closed end of the sheath where a calibration material is located. In a measurement orientation, the optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the open end of the sheath in order to measure a sample. To change the orientation, the spectrometer can be removed from the sheath container and placed in the sheath container with the calibration orientation or the measurement orientation. Accessory container covers can be provided and placed on the open end of the sheath with samples placed therein in order to provide improved measurements. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. A sample accessory for a spectrometer, the sample accessory comprising:
a sheath comprising: a first end configured to couple to a detection end of the spectrometer, wherein the detection end comprises an illumination source and a sensor array, a second end configured to accept a sample, and a channel connecting the first end and the second end, wherein the sample accessory maintains a predetermined distance or orientation between the sample and the illumination source when the first end is coupled to the spectrometer and the second end accepts the sample, and wherein the sample accessory substantially prevents ambient light from reaching the sensor array. 18. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the second end comprises a structure sized to receive the sample in a predetermined position and orientation with respect to the illumination source or the sensor array when the sample accessory is coupled to the spectrometer. 19. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sheath is configured to receive the sample inside the channel near the second end. 20. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the second end of the sheath is configured to contact the sample. 21. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the second end of the sheath is configured to be placed on or into the sample. 22. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sample is a solid sample. 23. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sample is a liquid sample. 24. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the predetermined distance is a fixed distance. 25. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the predetermined distance is a variable distance. 26. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sheath comprises an opaque material. 27. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sheath comprises a reflective material covering an inner surface of the channel. 28. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the channel is configured to direct illumination from the illumination source to the sample. 29. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sample accessory is removably couplable to the spectrometer. 30. The sample accessory of claim 17, further comprising one or more engagement structure configured to couple the first end of the sheath to the spectrometer. 31. The sample accessory of claim 30, wherein the one or more engagement structures couple the sample accessory to the spectrometer by engaging one or more corresponding engagement structures on the spectrometer. 32. The sample accessory of claim 30, wherein the one or more engagement structures comprise one or more members selected from the group consisting of a protrusion, a rim, a flange, a recess, and a magnet. 33. The sample accessory of claim 30, wherein the one or more engagement structures comprise one or more asymmetric engagement structures configured to position the sample accessory at a predetermined orientation with respect to the spectrometer. 34. The sample accessory of claim 17, further comprising a window positioned in the channel and configured to permit transmission of the illumination from the illumination source to the sample. 35. The sample accessor of claim 17, wherein the spectrometer is sized to fit within a hand of a user. 36. A method of measuring a spectrum of a sample comprising:
contacting the sample to the sample accessory of claim 17; coupling the sample accessory to the spectrometer; illuminating the sample with the illumination from the illumination source, such that the illumination interacts with the sample through an optical interaction and light indicative of the optical interaction is directed to the sensor array; detecting light from the sample with the sensor array; and generating the spectrum from the light detected by the sensor array. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the optical interaction comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of Raman scattering, fluorescence, reflectance and absorbance. | A protective sheath having a closed end and an open end is sized to receive a hand held spectrometer. The spectrometer can be placed in the sheath to calibrate the spectrometer and to measure samples. In a calibration orientation, an optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the closed end of the sheath where a calibration material is located. In a measurement orientation, the optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the open end of the sheath in order to measure a sample. To change the orientation, the spectrometer can be removed from the sheath container and placed in the sheath container with the calibration orientation or the measurement orientation. Accessory container covers can be provided and placed on the open end of the sheath with samples placed therein in order to provide improved measurements.1-16. (canceled) 17. A sample accessory for a spectrometer, the sample accessory comprising:
a sheath comprising: a first end configured to couple to a detection end of the spectrometer, wherein the detection end comprises an illumination source and a sensor array, a second end configured to accept a sample, and a channel connecting the first end and the second end, wherein the sample accessory maintains a predetermined distance or orientation between the sample and the illumination source when the first end is coupled to the spectrometer and the second end accepts the sample, and wherein the sample accessory substantially prevents ambient light from reaching the sensor array. 18. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the second end comprises a structure sized to receive the sample in a predetermined position and orientation with respect to the illumination source or the sensor array when the sample accessory is coupled to the spectrometer. 19. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sheath is configured to receive the sample inside the channel near the second end. 20. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the second end of the sheath is configured to contact the sample. 21. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the second end of the sheath is configured to be placed on or into the sample. 22. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sample is a solid sample. 23. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sample is a liquid sample. 24. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the predetermined distance is a fixed distance. 25. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the predetermined distance is a variable distance. 26. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sheath comprises an opaque material. 27. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sheath comprises a reflective material covering an inner surface of the channel. 28. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the channel is configured to direct illumination from the illumination source to the sample. 29. The sample accessory of claim 17, wherein the sample accessory is removably couplable to the spectrometer. 30. The sample accessory of claim 17, further comprising one or more engagement structure configured to couple the first end of the sheath to the spectrometer. 31. The sample accessory of claim 30, wherein the one or more engagement structures couple the sample accessory to the spectrometer by engaging one or more corresponding engagement structures on the spectrometer. 32. The sample accessory of claim 30, wherein the one or more engagement structures comprise one or more members selected from the group consisting of a protrusion, a rim, a flange, a recess, and a magnet. 33. The sample accessory of claim 30, wherein the one or more engagement structures comprise one or more asymmetric engagement structures configured to position the sample accessory at a predetermined orientation with respect to the spectrometer. 34. The sample accessory of claim 17, further comprising a window positioned in the channel and configured to permit transmission of the illumination from the illumination source to the sample. 35. The sample accessor of claim 17, wherein the spectrometer is sized to fit within a hand of a user. 36. A method of measuring a spectrum of a sample comprising:
contacting the sample to the sample accessory of claim 17; coupling the sample accessory to the spectrometer; illuminating the sample with the illumination from the illumination source, such that the illumination interacts with the sample through an optical interaction and light indicative of the optical interaction is directed to the sensor array; detecting light from the sample with the sensor array; and generating the spectrum from the light detected by the sensor array. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the optical interaction comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of Raman scattering, fluorescence, reflectance and absorbance. | 1,700 |
343,852 | 16,803,288 | 1,721 | A system includes a machine readable storage medium storing instructions and a processor to execute the instructions. The processor executes the instructions to receive radial k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a patient and determine a series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the radial k-space MRI data. The processor executes the instructions to identify an activation within the patient based on the series of dipole sources. | 1. A system comprising:
a machine readable storage medium storing instructions; and a processor to execute the instructions to:
receive radial k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a patient;
determine a series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the radial k-space MRI data; and
identify an activation within the patient based on the series of dipole sources. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises radial k-space MRI data obtained via a free induction decay (FID) sequence. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the FID sequence comprises a sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence or a zero echo time (ZTE) sequence. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to determine the series of dipole sources by determining a secular dipole basis and extracting the series of dipole sources from the radial k-space MRI data based on the secular dipole basis. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to determine the series of dipole sources by decomposing the radial k-space MRI data into a series of isocenter spherical harmonics to compensate for MRI magnet and system inhomogeneities. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the dipole sources comprise time varying dipole sources and the isocenter spherical harmonics comprise time varying spherical harmonics. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the dipole sources comprise time varying dipole sources, and
wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to identify an activation within the patient by performing independent component analysis on the series of time varying dipole sources. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to further:
correct the radial k-space MRI data for object motion and field inhomogeneities; and reconstruct an anatomical reference image of the patient based on the corrected radial k-space MRI data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the dipole sources comprise time varying dipole sources; and
wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to further overlay and display the time varying dipole sources over the anatomical reference image. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises T1 weighted radial k-space MRI data. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises T2 weighted radial k-space MRI data. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises diffusion or perfusion weighted radial k-space MRI data. 13. A system comprising:
a machine readable storage medium storing instructions; and a processor to execute the instructions to:
receive radial k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a patient;
generate a first subset of the radial k-space MRI data for a first time;
generate a second subset of the radial k-space MRI data for a second time;
determine a first series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the first subset;
determine a second series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the second subset; and
detect movement of the patient based on the first series of dipole sources and the second series of dipole sources. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to further correct the radial k-space MRI data based on the detected movement. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises radial k-space MRI data obtained via a free induction decay (FID) sequence. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the FID sequence comprises a sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence or a zero echo time (ZTE) sequence. 17. A coil for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the coil comprising:
a transmit coil; a receiver coil; and a proton free polymer housing enclosing the transmit coil and the receiver coil. 18. The coil of claim 17, further comprising:
a first Q-spoiling and detuning circuit electrically coupled to the transmit coil; and a second Q-spoiling and detuning circuit electrically coupled to the receiver coil. 19. The coil of claim 17, further comprising:
a direct digitization module to receive analog signals from the receiver coil and convert the analog signals to digital signals. 20. The coil of claim 19, further comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) switch between the receiver coil and the direct digitization module, the RF switch controllable to pass the analog signals from the receiver coil to a selected one of a receiver chain and the direct digitization module. | A system includes a machine readable storage medium storing instructions and a processor to execute the instructions. The processor executes the instructions to receive radial k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a patient and determine a series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the radial k-space MRI data. The processor executes the instructions to identify an activation within the patient based on the series of dipole sources.1. A system comprising:
a machine readable storage medium storing instructions; and a processor to execute the instructions to:
receive radial k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a patient;
determine a series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the radial k-space MRI data; and
identify an activation within the patient based on the series of dipole sources. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises radial k-space MRI data obtained via a free induction decay (FID) sequence. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the FID sequence comprises a sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence or a zero echo time (ZTE) sequence. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to determine the series of dipole sources by determining a secular dipole basis and extracting the series of dipole sources from the radial k-space MRI data based on the secular dipole basis. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to determine the series of dipole sources by decomposing the radial k-space MRI data into a series of isocenter spherical harmonics to compensate for MRI magnet and system inhomogeneities. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the dipole sources comprise time varying dipole sources and the isocenter spherical harmonics comprise time varying spherical harmonics. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the dipole sources comprise time varying dipole sources, and
wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to identify an activation within the patient by performing independent component analysis on the series of time varying dipole sources. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to further:
correct the radial k-space MRI data for object motion and field inhomogeneities; and reconstruct an anatomical reference image of the patient based on the corrected radial k-space MRI data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the dipole sources comprise time varying dipole sources; and
wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to further overlay and display the time varying dipole sources over the anatomical reference image. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises T1 weighted radial k-space MRI data. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises T2 weighted radial k-space MRI data. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises diffusion or perfusion weighted radial k-space MRI data. 13. A system comprising:
a machine readable storage medium storing instructions; and a processor to execute the instructions to:
receive radial k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a patient;
generate a first subset of the radial k-space MRI data for a first time;
generate a second subset of the radial k-space MRI data for a second time;
determine a first series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the first subset;
determine a second series of dipole sources via direct dipole decomposition of the second subset; and
detect movement of the patient based on the first series of dipole sources and the second series of dipole sources. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor is to execute the instructions to further correct the radial k-space MRI data based on the detected movement. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the radial k-space MRI data comprises radial k-space MRI data obtained via a free induction decay (FID) sequence. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the FID sequence comprises a sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence or a zero echo time (ZTE) sequence. 17. A coil for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the coil comprising:
a transmit coil; a receiver coil; and a proton free polymer housing enclosing the transmit coil and the receiver coil. 18. The coil of claim 17, further comprising:
a first Q-spoiling and detuning circuit electrically coupled to the transmit coil; and a second Q-spoiling and detuning circuit electrically coupled to the receiver coil. 19. The coil of claim 17, further comprising:
a direct digitization module to receive analog signals from the receiver coil and convert the analog signals to digital signals. 20. The coil of claim 19, further comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) switch between the receiver coil and the direct digitization module, the RF switch controllable to pass the analog signals from the receiver coil to a selected one of a receiver chain and the direct digitization module. | 1,700 |
343,853 | 16,803,337 | 1,623 | By a genome-wide gene analysis of expression profiles of over 50,000 known or putative gene sequences in peripheral blood, the present inventors have identified a consensus set of gene expression-based molecular biomarkers associated with chronic allograft nephropathy and/or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy CAN/IFTA and subtypes thereof. These genes sets are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and/or subtyping of CAN/IFTA. | 1. A method of prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring CAN/IFTA (chronic allograft nephropathy, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, or chronic allograft nephropathy and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy), comprising
(a) determining expression levels in a subject of at least 5 genes selected from the genes in Table A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and/or J; and (b) prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring CAN/IFTA in a subject from the expression levels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein for each of the at least five genes, step (b) comprises comparing the expression level of the gene in the subject to one or more reference expression levels of the gene associated with CAN/IFTA or lack of CAN/IFTA. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein step (b) further comprises for each of the at least five genes assigning the expression level of the gene in the subject a value or other designation providing an indication whether the subject has or is at risk of CAN/IFTA. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the expression level of each of the at least five genes is assigned a value on a normalized scale of values associated with a range of expression levels in kidney transplant patients with and without CAN/IFTA. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the expression level of each of the at least five genes is assigned a value or other designation providing an indication that the subject has is at risk of CAN/IFTA, lacks and is not at risk of CAN/IFTA, or that the expression level is uninformative. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein step (b) further comprises, combining the values or designations for each of the genes to provide a combined value or designation providing an indication whether the subject has or is at risk of CAN/IFTA. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is repeated at different times on the subject. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has undergone a kidney transplant within 1-10 years of performing step (a). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed on a blood sample of the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the blood sample is a peripheral blood sample or a blood plasma sample. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the peripheral blood sample is a peripheral blood lymphocyte sample. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression levels are determined at the mRNA level or the protein level. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the expression levels in the subject comprises one or more of the following: (a) hybridizing expression products to an array; (b) nucleic acid amplification; (c) monitoring the formation of an amplification product; or (d) synthesizing a nucleic acid using mRNA as a template. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is receiving a treatment regimen prior to the prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring step and the method further comprises changing the treatment regimen of the subject in response to the prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring step. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein changing the treatment regime comprises administering an immunosuppressive drug to the subject. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an additional procedure to detect CAN/IFTA or risk thereof if the determining step provides an indication the subject has or is at risk of CAN/IFTA. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the transplanted kidney is a transplanted kidney organ, transplanted tissues, or transplated kidney cells. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is human. 19. An array, comprising a support or supports bearing a plurality of nucleic acid probes complementary to a plurality of mRNAs fewer than 5000 in number, wherein the plurality of mRNAs includes mRNAs expressed by at least five genes selected from Table A, B, C, D. 20. A method of subtyping a CAN/IFTA, comprising (a) determining expression levels in a subject of at least 5 genes selected from the genes in Tables A, B, C, D; E, F, G, H, I and/or J; and (b) determining a subtype of CAN/IFTA from the expression levels. | By a genome-wide gene analysis of expression profiles of over 50,000 known or putative gene sequences in peripheral blood, the present inventors have identified a consensus set of gene expression-based molecular biomarkers associated with chronic allograft nephropathy and/or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy CAN/IFTA and subtypes thereof. These genes sets are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and/or subtyping of CAN/IFTA.1. A method of prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring CAN/IFTA (chronic allograft nephropathy, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, or chronic allograft nephropathy and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy), comprising
(a) determining expression levels in a subject of at least 5 genes selected from the genes in Table A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and/or J; and (b) prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring CAN/IFTA in a subject from the expression levels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein for each of the at least five genes, step (b) comprises comparing the expression level of the gene in the subject to one or more reference expression levels of the gene associated with CAN/IFTA or lack of CAN/IFTA. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein step (b) further comprises for each of the at least five genes assigning the expression level of the gene in the subject a value or other designation providing an indication whether the subject has or is at risk of CAN/IFTA. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the expression level of each of the at least five genes is assigned a value on a normalized scale of values associated with a range of expression levels in kidney transplant patients with and without CAN/IFTA. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the expression level of each of the at least five genes is assigned a value or other designation providing an indication that the subject has is at risk of CAN/IFTA, lacks and is not at risk of CAN/IFTA, or that the expression level is uninformative. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein step (b) further comprises, combining the values or designations for each of the genes to provide a combined value or designation providing an indication whether the subject has or is at risk of CAN/IFTA. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is repeated at different times on the subject. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has undergone a kidney transplant within 1-10 years of performing step (a). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed on a blood sample of the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the blood sample is a peripheral blood sample or a blood plasma sample. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the peripheral blood sample is a peripheral blood lymphocyte sample. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression levels are determined at the mRNA level or the protein level. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the expression levels in the subject comprises one or more of the following: (a) hybridizing expression products to an array; (b) nucleic acid amplification; (c) monitoring the formation of an amplification product; or (d) synthesizing a nucleic acid using mRNA as a template. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is receiving a treatment regimen prior to the prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring step and the method further comprises changing the treatment regimen of the subject in response to the prognosing, diagnosing or monitoring step. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein changing the treatment regime comprises administering an immunosuppressive drug to the subject. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an additional procedure to detect CAN/IFTA or risk thereof if the determining step provides an indication the subject has or is at risk of CAN/IFTA. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the transplanted kidney is a transplanted kidney organ, transplanted tissues, or transplated kidney cells. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is human. 19. An array, comprising a support or supports bearing a plurality of nucleic acid probes complementary to a plurality of mRNAs fewer than 5000 in number, wherein the plurality of mRNAs includes mRNAs expressed by at least five genes selected from Table A, B, C, D. 20. A method of subtyping a CAN/IFTA, comprising (a) determining expression levels in a subject of at least 5 genes selected from the genes in Tables A, B, C, D; E, F, G, H, I and/or J; and (b) determining a subtype of CAN/IFTA from the expression levels. | 1,600 |
343,854 | 16,803,320 | 1,623 | A back plate is disposed in a vibration area of a MEMS microphone. The back plate includes a central area located at a central portion of the back plate and having a plurality of acoustic holes formed therein, and a peripheral area located to surround the central area. The acoustic holes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by the same interval. | 1. A back plate disposed in a vibration area of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphone, the back plate comprising:
a central area located at a central portion of the back plate and having a plurality of acoustic holes formed therein; and a peripheral area located to surround the central area, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by equal intervals. 2. The back plate of claim 1, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rhomboid shape, an regular triangular shape, a regular hexagonal shape, a regular square shape, and a right triangular shape. 3. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes each have a rhomboid shape or a regular square shape and the plurality of acoustic holes are spaced in a lattice arrangement. 4. The back plate claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes each have a regular hexagonal shape and the plurality of acoustic holes are spaced in a honeycomb arrangement. 5. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes comprises at least six acoustic holes, each having a regular triangular shape;
and further wherein the plurality of acoustic holes are arranged such that each group of six adjacent acoustic holes are spaced in an approximately regular hexagonal arrangement. 6. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes each have a right triangular shape and two adjacent acoustic holes are spaced in an approximately regular square arrangement. 7. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes comprise at least three first acoustic holes each having a regular hexagonal shape and a plurality of second acoustic holes each having a regular triangular shape, each of the second acoustic holes being disposed among three adjacent first acoustic holes. 8. The back plate of claim 1, wherein the central area is radially and equally divided with respect to a center of the central area into a plurality of segments such that a portion of the plurality of acoustic holes is arranged in each of the plurality of segments; and
further wherein the portion of the plurality of acoustic holes disposed in each segment has an arrangement that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the center relative to the other portions of the plurality of acoustic holes. 9. The back plate of claim 8, wherein:
the central area is divided into three segments; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rhomboid shape, a regular triangular shape, and a regular hexagonal shape. 10. The back plate of claim 8, wherein the central area is divided into three segments, and the plurality of acoustic holes have a regular hexagonal shape and a regular triangular shape. 11. The back plate of claim 8, wherein:
the central area is divided into two segments or four segments; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a regular square shape or a right triangular shape. 12. The back plate of claim 1, wherein the central area further includes:
a plurality of support areas radially extending from a center of the central area to the peripheral area to equally divide the central area, the plurality of support areas having a width wider than an interval between the plurality of acoustic holes to prevent sagging of the central area; and a plurality of hole areas divided equally by the plurality of support areas and in which the plurality of acoustic holes are disposed. 13. The back plate claim 12, further comprising second acoustic holes formed in the support areas. 14. The back plate of claim 13, wherein a size of the second acoustic holes is equal to or smaller than a size of the plurality of acoustic holes. 15. The back plate of claim 13, wherein an interval between the second acoustic holes and an interval between the plurality of acoustic holes and the second acoustic holes are equal to or wider than the interval between the plurality of acoustic holes. 16. The back plate of claim 12, wherein arrangements of the plurality of acoustic holes disposed in each of the plurality of hole areas are symmetrical with respect to the center of the central area. 17. The back plate of claim 16, wherein:
the plurality of support areas are arranged to form an angle of 120 degrees to each other; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rhomboid shape, a regular triangular shape, and a regular hexagonal shape. 18. The back plate of claim 16, wherein the plurality of support areas are arranged to form an angle of 120 degrees to each other, and the plurality of acoustic holes have a regular hexagonal shape and a regular triangular shape. 19. The back plate of claim 16, wherein:
the plurality of support areas are arranged to form an angle of 90 degrees or 180 degrees to each other; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a regular square shape or a right triangular shape. 20. A Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphone comprising:
a substrate presenting a vibration area, a supporting area surrounding the vibration area and a peripheral area surrounding the supporting area, the substrate defining a cavity formed in the vibration area; a diaphragm disposed in the vibration area, being spaced apart from the substrate, covering the cavity, and configured to generate a displacement thereof in response to an applied acoustic pressure; and a back plate disposed over the diaphragm in the vibration area, the back plate being spaced apart from the diaphragm such that an air gap is maintained between the back plate and the diaphragm, and defining a plurality of acoustic holes, wherein the back plate includes a central area located at a central portion of the back plate, the plurality of acoustic holes formed in the central area, and a second peripheral area located to surround the central area, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by the same interval. | A back plate is disposed in a vibration area of a MEMS microphone. The back plate includes a central area located at a central portion of the back plate and having a plurality of acoustic holes formed therein, and a peripheral area located to surround the central area. The acoustic holes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by the same interval.1. A back plate disposed in a vibration area of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphone, the back plate comprising:
a central area located at a central portion of the back plate and having a plurality of acoustic holes formed therein; and a peripheral area located to surround the central area, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by equal intervals. 2. The back plate of claim 1, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rhomboid shape, an regular triangular shape, a regular hexagonal shape, a regular square shape, and a right triangular shape. 3. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes each have a rhomboid shape or a regular square shape and the plurality of acoustic holes are spaced in a lattice arrangement. 4. The back plate claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes each have a regular hexagonal shape and the plurality of acoustic holes are spaced in a honeycomb arrangement. 5. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes comprises at least six acoustic holes, each having a regular triangular shape;
and further wherein the plurality of acoustic holes are arranged such that each group of six adjacent acoustic holes are spaced in an approximately regular hexagonal arrangement. 6. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes each have a right triangular shape and two adjacent acoustic holes are spaced in an approximately regular square arrangement. 7. The back plate of claim 2, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes comprise at least three first acoustic holes each having a regular hexagonal shape and a plurality of second acoustic holes each having a regular triangular shape, each of the second acoustic holes being disposed among three adjacent first acoustic holes. 8. The back plate of claim 1, wherein the central area is radially and equally divided with respect to a center of the central area into a plurality of segments such that a portion of the plurality of acoustic holes is arranged in each of the plurality of segments; and
further wherein the portion of the plurality of acoustic holes disposed in each segment has an arrangement that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the center relative to the other portions of the plurality of acoustic holes. 9. The back plate of claim 8, wherein:
the central area is divided into three segments; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rhomboid shape, a regular triangular shape, and a regular hexagonal shape. 10. The back plate of claim 8, wherein the central area is divided into three segments, and the plurality of acoustic holes have a regular hexagonal shape and a regular triangular shape. 11. The back plate of claim 8, wherein:
the central area is divided into two segments or four segments; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a regular square shape or a right triangular shape. 12. The back plate of claim 1, wherein the central area further includes:
a plurality of support areas radially extending from a center of the central area to the peripheral area to equally divide the central area, the plurality of support areas having a width wider than an interval between the plurality of acoustic holes to prevent sagging of the central area; and a plurality of hole areas divided equally by the plurality of support areas and in which the plurality of acoustic holes are disposed. 13. The back plate claim 12, further comprising second acoustic holes formed in the support areas. 14. The back plate of claim 13, wherein a size of the second acoustic holes is equal to or smaller than a size of the plurality of acoustic holes. 15. The back plate of claim 13, wherein an interval between the second acoustic holes and an interval between the plurality of acoustic holes and the second acoustic holes are equal to or wider than the interval between the plurality of acoustic holes. 16. The back plate of claim 12, wherein arrangements of the plurality of acoustic holes disposed in each of the plurality of hole areas are symmetrical with respect to the center of the central area. 17. The back plate of claim 16, wherein:
the plurality of support areas are arranged to form an angle of 120 degrees to each other; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rhomboid shape, a regular triangular shape, and a regular hexagonal shape. 18. The back plate of claim 16, wherein the plurality of support areas are arranged to form an angle of 120 degrees to each other, and the plurality of acoustic holes have a regular hexagonal shape and a regular triangular shape. 19. The back plate of claim 16, wherein:
the plurality of support areas are arranged to form an angle of 90 degrees or 180 degrees to each other; the plurality of acoustic holes have the same size as each other; and each of the plurality of acoustic holes has a regular square shape or a right triangular shape. 20. A Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphone comprising:
a substrate presenting a vibration area, a supporting area surrounding the vibration area and a peripheral area surrounding the supporting area, the substrate defining a cavity formed in the vibration area; a diaphragm disposed in the vibration area, being spaced apart from the substrate, covering the cavity, and configured to generate a displacement thereof in response to an applied acoustic pressure; and a back plate disposed over the diaphragm in the vibration area, the back plate being spaced apart from the diaphragm such that an air gap is maintained between the back plate and the diaphragm, and defining a plurality of acoustic holes, wherein the back plate includes a central area located at a central portion of the back plate, the plurality of acoustic holes formed in the central area, and a second peripheral area located to surround the central area, wherein the plurality of acoustic holes are arranged to be spaced apart from each other by the same interval. | 1,600 |
343,855 | 16,803,313 | 1,623 | A chamber for use in implementing a deposition process includes a pedestal for supporting a semiconductor wafer. A silicon ring is disposed over the pedestal and surrounds the semiconductor wafer. The silicon ring has a ring thickness that approximates a semiconductor wafer thickness. The silicon ring has an annular width that extends a process zone defined over the semiconductor wafer to an extended process zone that is defined over the semiconductor wafer and the silicon ring. A confinement ring defined from a dielectric material is disposed over the pedestal and surrounds the silicon ring. A showerhead having a central showerhead area and an extended showerhead area is also included. The central showerhead area is substantially disposed over the semiconductor wafer and the silicon ring. The extended showerhead area is substantially disposed over the confinement ring. The annular width of the silicon ring enlarges a surface area of the semiconductor wafer that is exposed and shifts non-uniformity effects of deposition materials over the semiconductor wafer from an edge of the semiconductor wafer to an outer edge of the silicon ring. | 1. A chamber for processing a semiconductor wafer, the processing of the semiconductor wafer includes performing deposition of a material over a surface of the semiconductor wafer, the chamber comprising,
a carrier wafer including an annular ring surface and a pocket, the pocket being defined in a center of the carrier wafer and including a step, the annular ring surface is defined to surround the pocket and extend from a top edge of the step to an outer edge of the carrier wafer, a top surface of the pocket is configured to support the semiconductor wafer and a diameter of the pocket is defined to receive the semiconductor wafer, a height of the step approximating a thickness of the semiconductor wafer received in the pocket, the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer extends a process zone that is defined over the semiconductor wafer to an extended process zone that is defined over the semiconductor wafer and the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer; a pedestal for supporting the carrier wafer; a confinement ring surrounding the carrier wafer and disposed on the pedestal; and a showerhead having a plurality of outlets to provide process gas to the surface of the semiconductor wafer received in the pocket, the plurality of outlets includes a first set of outlets defined over a central showerhead area and a second set of outlets defined over an extended showerhead area, the central showerhead area being substantially disposed over the carrier wafer and the extended showerhead area being substantially disposed over the confinement ring, the first set of outlets disposed adjacent to the second set of outlets, such that plasma formed by the process gas supplied by the first set and the second set of outlets is contiguous, wherein the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer extends the process zone to the extended process zone and shifts non-uniformity effects of deposition materials applied to the semiconductor wafer from an edge of the semiconductor wafer to the outer edge of the carrier wafer. 2. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the first set of outlets is distributed uniformly over the extended process zone and spaced apart from one another by a first distance, and the second set of outlets is distributed uniformly over the confinement ring and spaced apart from one another by a second distance. 3. The chamber of claim 2, wherein the first distance is less than the second distance. 4. The chamber of claim 2, wherein the first distance is equal to the second distance. 5. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the confinement ring is defined from a dielectric material. 6. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pocket is about 300 mm, and a diameter of the outer edge of the carrier wafer extends to about 450 mm. 7. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor wafer has a first standard diameter and the carrier wafer extends the semiconductor wafer to a second standard diameter. 8. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a width of the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer is about 75 mm. 9. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the height of the step is between about 0.75 mm and about 0.85 mm. 10. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a thickness of a surface of the pocket is defined to be between about 0.9 mm and about 1 mm. 11. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a top surface of the pedestal includes a first region with first minimum contact areas (MCAs) for supporting the carrier wafer and a second region with second MCAs for supporting the confinement ring. 12. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the pocket includes minimum contact areas (MCAs) for supporting the semiconductor wafer. 13. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the pedestal is connected to a radio frequency (RF) power source through a match network and the showerhead is electrically grounded, the RF power source providing power to generate plasma within the chamber. 14. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the showerhead is connected to a radio frequency (RF) power source through a match network and the pedestal is electrically grounded, the RF power source providing power to generate plasma within the chamber. 15. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a gap is defined between an outer edge of the semiconductor wafer and the top edge of the step defined in the pocket, the gap is between about 0.25 mm and about 1.0 mm. 16. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a height of the confinement ring is defined to be equal to height of the carrier wafer, so as to be coplanar with the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer. | A chamber for use in implementing a deposition process includes a pedestal for supporting a semiconductor wafer. A silicon ring is disposed over the pedestal and surrounds the semiconductor wafer. The silicon ring has a ring thickness that approximates a semiconductor wafer thickness. The silicon ring has an annular width that extends a process zone defined over the semiconductor wafer to an extended process zone that is defined over the semiconductor wafer and the silicon ring. A confinement ring defined from a dielectric material is disposed over the pedestal and surrounds the silicon ring. A showerhead having a central showerhead area and an extended showerhead area is also included. The central showerhead area is substantially disposed over the semiconductor wafer and the silicon ring. The extended showerhead area is substantially disposed over the confinement ring. The annular width of the silicon ring enlarges a surface area of the semiconductor wafer that is exposed and shifts non-uniformity effects of deposition materials over the semiconductor wafer from an edge of the semiconductor wafer to an outer edge of the silicon ring.1. A chamber for processing a semiconductor wafer, the processing of the semiconductor wafer includes performing deposition of a material over a surface of the semiconductor wafer, the chamber comprising,
a carrier wafer including an annular ring surface and a pocket, the pocket being defined in a center of the carrier wafer and including a step, the annular ring surface is defined to surround the pocket and extend from a top edge of the step to an outer edge of the carrier wafer, a top surface of the pocket is configured to support the semiconductor wafer and a diameter of the pocket is defined to receive the semiconductor wafer, a height of the step approximating a thickness of the semiconductor wafer received in the pocket, the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer extends a process zone that is defined over the semiconductor wafer to an extended process zone that is defined over the semiconductor wafer and the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer; a pedestal for supporting the carrier wafer; a confinement ring surrounding the carrier wafer and disposed on the pedestal; and a showerhead having a plurality of outlets to provide process gas to the surface of the semiconductor wafer received in the pocket, the plurality of outlets includes a first set of outlets defined over a central showerhead area and a second set of outlets defined over an extended showerhead area, the central showerhead area being substantially disposed over the carrier wafer and the extended showerhead area being substantially disposed over the confinement ring, the first set of outlets disposed adjacent to the second set of outlets, such that plasma formed by the process gas supplied by the first set and the second set of outlets is contiguous, wherein the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer extends the process zone to the extended process zone and shifts non-uniformity effects of deposition materials applied to the semiconductor wafer from an edge of the semiconductor wafer to the outer edge of the carrier wafer. 2. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the first set of outlets is distributed uniformly over the extended process zone and spaced apart from one another by a first distance, and the second set of outlets is distributed uniformly over the confinement ring and spaced apart from one another by a second distance. 3. The chamber of claim 2, wherein the first distance is less than the second distance. 4. The chamber of claim 2, wherein the first distance is equal to the second distance. 5. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the confinement ring is defined from a dielectric material. 6. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pocket is about 300 mm, and a diameter of the outer edge of the carrier wafer extends to about 450 mm. 7. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor wafer has a first standard diameter and the carrier wafer extends the semiconductor wafer to a second standard diameter. 8. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a width of the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer is about 75 mm. 9. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the height of the step is between about 0.75 mm and about 0.85 mm. 10. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a thickness of a surface of the pocket is defined to be between about 0.9 mm and about 1 mm. 11. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a top surface of the pedestal includes a first region with first minimum contact areas (MCAs) for supporting the carrier wafer and a second region with second MCAs for supporting the confinement ring. 12. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the pocket includes minimum contact areas (MCAs) for supporting the semiconductor wafer. 13. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the pedestal is connected to a radio frequency (RF) power source through a match network and the showerhead is electrically grounded, the RF power source providing power to generate plasma within the chamber. 14. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the showerhead is connected to a radio frequency (RF) power source through a match network and the pedestal is electrically grounded, the RF power source providing power to generate plasma within the chamber. 15. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a gap is defined between an outer edge of the semiconductor wafer and the top edge of the step defined in the pocket, the gap is between about 0.25 mm and about 1.0 mm. 16. The chamber of claim 1, wherein a height of the confinement ring is defined to be equal to height of the carrier wafer, so as to be coplanar with the annular ring surface of the carrier wafer. | 1,600 |
343,856 | 16,803,237 | 1,623 | A computer-implemented method for performing authentication includes: determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in a set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate including the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. | 1. A computer-implemented method for performing authentication, comprising:
determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment, the Merkle tree being based on a set of one or more data blocks in the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in the set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate comprising the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more data records, and determining a hash value of each data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined block forming condition comprises:
a quantity of to-be-stored data records reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval since the forming of the adjacent previous block reaches a time threshold. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
determining a new data block of the blockchain ledger as the target ledger segment; or determining, based on a starting block height and a block quantity comprised in an instruction of a user, the target ledger segment. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
selecting, as the target ledger segment, a newly generated ledger segment that satisfies a predetermined time service condition, wherein the predetermined time service condition comprises: a quantity of newly generated data blocks in the newly generated ledger segment reaches a quantity threshold, or a time interval since a previous time service authentication reaches a time threshold. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises INTEL SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
writing the root hash, the trusted time, and the digital signature into a specified data block in the target ledger segment. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment, the Merkle tree being based on a set of one or more data blocks in the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in the set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate comprising the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more data records, and determining a hash value of each data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more data records, and a block forming time,
wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and
wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the predetermined block forming condition comprises:
a quantity of to-be-stored data records reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval since the forming of the adjacent previous block reaches a time threshold. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
determining a new data block of the blockchain ledger as the target ledger segment; or determining, based on a starting block height and a block quantity comprised in an instruction of a user, the target ledger segment. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
selecting, as the target ledger segment, a newly generated ledger segment that satisfies a predetermined time service condition, wherein the predetermined time service condition comprises: a quantity of newly generated data blocks in the newly generated ledger segment reaches a quantity threshold, or a time interval since a previous time service authentication reaches a time threshold. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises INTEL SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
writing the root hash, the trusted time, and the digital signature into a specified data block in the target ledger segment. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed;
generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment, the Merkle tree being based on a set of one or more data blocks in the target ledger segment;
determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in the set of one or more data blocks;
executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization;
generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and
generating a time service certificate comprising the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more data records, and determining a hash value of each data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the predetermined block forming condition comprises:
a quantity of to-be-stored data records reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval since the forming of the adjacent previous block reaches a time threshold. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
determining a new data block of the blockchain ledger as the target ledger segment; or determining, based on a starting block height and a block quantity comprised in an instruction of a user, the target ledger segment. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
selecting, as the target ledger segment, a newly generated ledger segment that satisfies a predetermined time service condition, wherein the predetermined time service condition comprises: a quantity of newly generated data blocks in the newly generated ledger segment reaches a quantity threshold, or a time interval since a previous time service authentication reaches a time threshold. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises INTEL SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
writing the root hash, the trusted time, and the digital signature into a specified data block in the target ledger segment. | A computer-implemented method for performing authentication includes: determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in a set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate including the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature.1. A computer-implemented method for performing authentication, comprising:
determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment, the Merkle tree being based on a set of one or more data blocks in the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in the set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate comprising the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more data records, and determining a hash value of each data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined block forming condition comprises:
a quantity of to-be-stored data records reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval since the forming of the adjacent previous block reaches a time threshold. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
determining a new data block of the blockchain ledger as the target ledger segment; or determining, based on a starting block height and a block quantity comprised in an instruction of a user, the target ledger segment. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
selecting, as the target ledger segment, a newly generated ledger segment that satisfies a predetermined time service condition, wherein the predetermined time service condition comprises: a quantity of newly generated data blocks in the newly generated ledger segment reaches a quantity threshold, or a time interval since a previous time service authentication reaches a time threshold. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises INTEL SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
writing the root hash, the trusted time, and the digital signature into a specified data block in the target ledger segment. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed; generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment, the Merkle tree being based on a set of one or more data blocks in the target ledger segment; determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in the set of one or more data blocks; executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization; generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and generating a time service certificate comprising the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more data records, and determining a hash value of each data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more data records, and a block forming time,
wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and
wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the predetermined block forming condition comprises:
a quantity of to-be-stored data records reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval since the forming of the adjacent previous block reaches a time threshold. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
determining a new data block of the blockchain ledger as the target ledger segment; or determining, based on a starting block height and a block quantity comprised in an instruction of a user, the target ledger segment. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
selecting, as the target ledger segment, a newly generated ledger segment that satisfies a predetermined time service condition, wherein the predetermined time service condition comprises: a quantity of newly generated data blocks in the newly generated ledger segment reaches a quantity threshold, or a time interval since a previous time service authentication reaches a time threshold. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises INTEL SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
writing the root hash, the trusted time, and the digital signature into a specified data block in the target ledger segment. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
determining, by a database server storing data in a blockchain ledger, a target ledger segment on which time service authentication is to be performed;
generating a Merkle tree corresponding to the target ledger segment, the Merkle tree being based on a set of one or more data blocks in the target ledger segment;
determining a root hash of the Merkle tree, the root hash of the Merkle tree being based on a block hash of each data block in the set of one or more data blocks;
executing a predetermined time capture process in a trusted execution environment to obtain a trusted time from an interface provided by a trusted time service organization;
generating a digital signature for the trusted time and the root hash in the trusted execution environment; and
generating a time service certificate comprising the trusted time, the root hash, and the digital signature. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise generating a new data block in the blockchain ledger, wherein generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger comprises:
receiving one or more data records, and determining a hash value of each data record; determining that a predetermined block forming condition is satisfied; determining that a sequence number of the new data block in the blockchain ledger is greater than 1; and generating the new data block in the blockchain ledger, the new data block comprising a hash value of the new data block, a block height of the new data block, the one or more data records, and a block forming time, wherein the hash value of the new data block is determined based on the hash values of the one or more data records and a hash value of an adjacent previous block in the blockchain ledger, and wherein the block height of the new data block is greater than respective block heights of previous data blocks in the blockchain ledger. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the predetermined block forming condition comprises:
a quantity of to-be-stored data records reaches a quantity threshold; or a time interval since the forming of the adjacent previous block reaches a time threshold. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
determining a new data block of the blockchain ledger as the target ledger segment; or determining, based on a starting block height and a block quantity comprised in an instruction of a user, the target ledger segment. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein determining a target ledger segment comprises:
selecting, as the target ledger segment, a newly generated ledger segment that satisfies a predetermined time service condition, wherein the predetermined time service condition comprises: a quantity of newly generated data blocks in the newly generated ledger segment reaches a quantity threshold, or a time interval since a previous time service authentication reaches a time threshold. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the trusted execution environment comprises INTEL SGX, AMD SEV, or ARM TrustZone. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
writing the root hash, the trusted time, and the digital signature into a specified data block in the target ledger segment. | 1,600 |
343,857 | 16,803,321 | 1,623 | Embodiments of the present invention may be used to perform measurement of surfaces, such as external and internal surfaces of the human body, in full-field and in 3-D. Embodiments of the present invention may include an electromagnetic radiation source, which may be configured to project electromagnetic radiation onto a surface. The electromagnetic radiation source may be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation in a pattern corresponding to a spatial signal modulation algorithm. The electromagnetic radiation source may also be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation at a frequency suitable for transmission through the media in which the radiation is projected. An image sensor may be configured to capture image data representing the projected pattern. An image-processing module may be configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a full-field, 3-D representation of the surface using the captured image data and the spatial signal modulation algorithm. A display device may be configured to display the full-field, 3-D representation of the surface. | 1. A system for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising a probe, the probe having a distal end sized to fit within a lumen of the human body and adapted to be directed through the lumen to the target surface of the human body; projection components for projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the projection components are configured to project electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation emitter, through the pattern screen, and through the projection lens in order to project a pattern of electromagnetic radiation from the distal end of the probe onto the target surface; imaging components for capturing a plurality of successive images of electromagnetic radiation reflected from the target surface, the imaging components comprising an imaging lens and an image sensor configured to capture image data, with at least the imaging lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the imaging components are configured such that each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor is configured to capture a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; and an image processing module configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image processing module is adapted to stitch together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 3. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. 5. A method for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the method comprising:
directing a distal end of a probe within a lumen of the human body to the target surface of the human body; projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern using projection components, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from the electromagnetic radiation emitter and that passes through the pattern screen and the projection lens is projected onto the target surface; capturing image data by an image sensor, wherein each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor captures a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; providing the captured image data to an image processing module; calculating, by the image processing module, a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of displaying the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface on a display device. 7. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of stitching together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 8. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 9. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. | Embodiments of the present invention may be used to perform measurement of surfaces, such as external and internal surfaces of the human body, in full-field and in 3-D. Embodiments of the present invention may include an electromagnetic radiation source, which may be configured to project electromagnetic radiation onto a surface. The electromagnetic radiation source may be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation in a pattern corresponding to a spatial signal modulation algorithm. The electromagnetic radiation source may also be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation at a frequency suitable for transmission through the media in which the radiation is projected. An image sensor may be configured to capture image data representing the projected pattern. An image-processing module may be configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a full-field, 3-D representation of the surface using the captured image data and the spatial signal modulation algorithm. A display device may be configured to display the full-field, 3-D representation of the surface.1. A system for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising a probe, the probe having a distal end sized to fit within a lumen of the human body and adapted to be directed through the lumen to the target surface of the human body; projection components for projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the projection components are configured to project electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation emitter, through the pattern screen, and through the projection lens in order to project a pattern of electromagnetic radiation from the distal end of the probe onto the target surface; imaging components for capturing a plurality of successive images of electromagnetic radiation reflected from the target surface, the imaging components comprising an imaging lens and an image sensor configured to capture image data, with at least the imaging lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the imaging components are configured such that each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor is configured to capture a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; and an image processing module configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image processing module is adapted to stitch together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 3. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. 5. A method for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the method comprising:
directing a distal end of a probe within a lumen of the human body to the target surface of the human body; projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern using projection components, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from the electromagnetic radiation emitter and that passes through the pattern screen and the projection lens is projected onto the target surface; capturing image data by an image sensor, wherein each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor captures a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; providing the captured image data to an image processing module; calculating, by the image processing module, a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of displaying the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface on a display device. 7. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of stitching together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 8. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 9. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. | 1,600 |
343,858 | 16,803,298 | 1,623 | Embodiments of the present invention may be used to perform measurement of surfaces, such as external and internal surfaces of the human body, in full-field and in 3-D. Embodiments of the present invention may include an electromagnetic radiation source, which may be configured to project electromagnetic radiation onto a surface. The electromagnetic radiation source may be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation in a pattern corresponding to a spatial signal modulation algorithm. The electromagnetic radiation source may also be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation at a frequency suitable for transmission through the media in which the radiation is projected. An image sensor may be configured to capture image data representing the projected pattern. An image-processing module may be configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a full-field, 3-D representation of the surface using the captured image data and the spatial signal modulation algorithm. A display device may be configured to display the full-field, 3-D representation of the surface. | 1. A system for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising a probe, the probe having a distal end sized to fit within a lumen of the human body and adapted to be directed through the lumen to the target surface of the human body; projection components for projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the projection components are configured to project electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation emitter, through the pattern screen, and through the projection lens in order to project a pattern of electromagnetic radiation from the distal end of the probe onto the target surface; imaging components for capturing a plurality of successive images of electromagnetic radiation reflected from the target surface, the imaging components comprising an imaging lens and an image sensor configured to capture image data, with at least the imaging lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the imaging components are configured such that each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor is configured to capture a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; and an image processing module configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image processing module is adapted to stitch together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 3. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. 5. A method for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the method comprising:
directing a distal end of a probe within a lumen of the human body to the target surface of the human body; projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern using projection components, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from the electromagnetic radiation emitter and that passes through the pattern screen and the projection lens is projected onto the target surface; capturing image data by an image sensor, wherein each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor captures a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; providing the captured image data to an image processing module; calculating, by the image processing module, a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of displaying the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface on a display device. 7. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of stitching together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 8. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 9. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. | Embodiments of the present invention may be used to perform measurement of surfaces, such as external and internal surfaces of the human body, in full-field and in 3-D. Embodiments of the present invention may include an electromagnetic radiation source, which may be configured to project electromagnetic radiation onto a surface. The electromagnetic radiation source may be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation in a pattern corresponding to a spatial signal modulation algorithm. The electromagnetic radiation source may also be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation at a frequency suitable for transmission through the media in which the radiation is projected. An image sensor may be configured to capture image data representing the projected pattern. An image-processing module may be configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a full-field, 3-D representation of the surface using the captured image data and the spatial signal modulation algorithm. A display device may be configured to display the full-field, 3-D representation of the surface.1. A system for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising a probe, the probe having a distal end sized to fit within a lumen of the human body and adapted to be directed through the lumen to the target surface of the human body; projection components for projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the projection components are configured to project electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation emitter, through the pattern screen, and through the projection lens in order to project a pattern of electromagnetic radiation from the distal end of the probe onto the target surface; imaging components for capturing a plurality of successive images of electromagnetic radiation reflected from the target surface, the imaging components comprising an imaging lens and an image sensor configured to capture image data, with at least the imaging lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein the imaging components are configured such that each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor is configured to capture a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; and an image processing module configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image processing module is adapted to stitch together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 3. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. 5. A method for providing a three-dimensional representation of a target surface of a human body, the method comprising:
directing a distal end of a probe within a lumen of the human body to the target surface of the human body; projecting electromagnetic radiation onto the target surface in a projected pattern using projection components, the projection components comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a pattern screen, and a projection lens, with at least the projection lens being located at the distal end of the probe, wherein electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from the electromagnetic radiation emitter and that passes through the pattern screen and the projection lens is projected onto the target surface; capturing image data by an image sensor, wherein each frame of the image sensor captures an image comprising a reflection of the projected pattern modulated by the target surface, and wherein with multiple successive frames of the image sensor, the image sensor captures a plurality of successive images that differ from each other due to relative movement between the probe and the target surface; providing the captured image data to an image processing module; calculating, by the image processing module, a three-dimensional representation of the target surface for each image of the plurality of successive images using the captured image data and a spatial signal modulation algorithm, resulting in a plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of displaying the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface on a display device. 7. A method as recited in claim 5, further comprising the step of stitching together the plurality of successive three-dimensional representations of the target surface. 8. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at the distal end of the probe. 9. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein the image sensor is located at a proximal end of the probe. | 1,600 |
343,859 | 16,803,283 | 1,623 | Hardware appliances with multiple sensors, such as automobiles, can be authenticated on a blockchain based platform using authentication values generated data provided by the hardware appliances, such as sensor data, log data, location data. Requests for service can be managed by the blockchain based platform based on authentication values of the hardware appliances. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a plurality of vehicles, sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the sensor datasets received from vehicle network interfaces of the plurality of vehicles; generating, using the sensor datasets, a vehicle permission value for each of the plurality of vehicles, the vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks that request modifications to a blockchain data structure managed by blockchain peer nodes; receiving blockchain task requests to modify the blockchain data structure based on the sensor datasets, a portion of the blockchain task requests being directed to one of the blockchain peer nodes; determining a blockchain network throughput for the one of the blockchain peer nodes; sequencing the blockchain task requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes to remain under the blockchain network throughput determined for the one of the blockchain peer nodes, each sequenced blockchain task request comprising the vehicle permission value for a corresponding vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and receiving, from the one of the blockchain peer nodes, blockchain task responses recorded to the blockchain data structure indicating performance of the blockchain task requests by the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the blockchain network throughput by identifying a blockchain write rate for the one of the blockchain peer nodes and setting the blockchain write rate as a limit for the blockchain network throughput for requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain write rate is a rate at which the one of the blockchain peer nodes submits responses to record data in the blockchain data structure, each of the responses corresponding to a blockchain task request from one or more of the plurality of vehicles. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sequencing the blockchain task requests comprises time delaying a portion of the blockchain task requests. 5. The method claim 1, wherein blockchain task requests are received from a plurality of machine kiosks that generate the blockchain task requests from interactions with the plurality of vehicles. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein machine kiosks include one or more of: a gas station kiosk, a toll kiosk, a parking meter kiosk. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving, from the plurality of vehicles, additional sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the additional sensor datasets including updated sensor values that indicate completed service interactions between the plurality of vehicles and the plurality of machine kiosks. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one of the blockchain peer nodes approves the blockchain task requests from the plurality of machine kiosks based on the updated sensor values that indicate completion of service interactions. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the one of the blockchain peer nodes approves the blockchain task requests from the plurality of machine kiosks further based on the vehicle permission values for the plurality of vehicles satisfying a pre-configured threshold. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a first sensor and a second sensor, and the sensor data comprises a first sensor readings set generated by the first sensor and a second sensor readings set generated by the second sensor. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
identifying a first sensor numerical score preconfigured for the first sensor; modifying the first sensor numerical score based on individual values of the first sensor readings set; identifying a second sensor numerical score preconfigured for the second sensor; modifying the second sensor numerical score based on individual values of the second sensor readings set; and generating the vehicle permission value by combining the modified first sensor numerical score and the modified second sensor numerical score. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first sensor is a fuel gauge and the first sensor readings are fuel gauge readings, wherein the second sensor is an odometer and the second sensor readings are odometer readings, and wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
determining that an increase in the odometer readings is offset by a decrease in fuel gauge readings. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of blockchain peer nodes that execute a blockchain code set via blockchain consensus, the blockchain code set comprising instructions for the one or more blockchain tasks. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the blockchain consensus is consensus amongst the blockchain peer nodes. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the blockchain consensus is managed by one of the blockchain peer nodes using a pluggable consensus scheme. 16. A system comprising:
one or more processors of a machine; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a plurality of vehicles, sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the sensor datasets received from vehicle network interfaces of the plurality of vehicles; generating, using the sensor datasets, a vehicle permission value for each of the plurality of vehicles, the vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks that request modifications to a blockchain data structure managed by blockchain peer nodes; receiving blockchain task requests to modify the blockchain data structure based on the sensor datasets, a portion of the blockchain task requests being directed to one of the blockchain peer nodes; determining a blockchain network throughput for the one of the blockchain peer nodes; sequencing the blockchain task requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes to remain under the blockchain network throughput determined for the one of the blockchain peer nodes, each sequenced blockchain task request comprising the vehicle permission value for a corresponding vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and receiving, from the one of the blockchain peer nodes, blockchain task responses recorded to the blockchain data structure indicating performance of the blockchain task requests by the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 17. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
determining the blockchain network throughput by identifying a blockchain write rate for the one of the blockchain peer nodes and setting the blockchain write rate as a limit for the blockchain network throughput for requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the blockchain write rate is a rate at which the one of the blockchain peer nodes submits responses to record data in the blockchain data structure, each of the responses corresponding to a blockchain task request from one or more of the plurality of vehicles. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein sequencing the blockchain task requests comprises time delaying a portion of the blockchain task requests. 20. A machine-readable storage device embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a plurality of vehicles, sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the sensor datasets received from vehicle network interfaces of the plurality of vehicles; generating, using the sensor datasets, a vehicle permission value for each of the plurality of vehicles, the vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks that request modifications to a blockchain data structure managed by blockchain peer nodes; receiving blockchain task requests to modify the blockchain data structure based on the sensor datasets, a portion of the blockchain task requests being directed to one of the blockchain peer nodes; determining a blockchain network throughput for the one of the blockchain peer nodes; sequencing the blockchain task requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes to remain under the blockchain network throughput determined for the one of the blockchain peer nodes, each sequenced blockchain task request comprising the vehicle permission value for a corresponding vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and receiving, from the one of the blockchain peer nodes, blockchain task responses recorded to the blockchain data structure indicating performance of the blockchain task requests by the one of the blockchain peer nodes. | Hardware appliances with multiple sensors, such as automobiles, can be authenticated on a blockchain based platform using authentication values generated data provided by the hardware appliances, such as sensor data, log data, location data. Requests for service can be managed by the blockchain based platform based on authentication values of the hardware appliances.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a plurality of vehicles, sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the sensor datasets received from vehicle network interfaces of the plurality of vehicles; generating, using the sensor datasets, a vehicle permission value for each of the plurality of vehicles, the vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks that request modifications to a blockchain data structure managed by blockchain peer nodes; receiving blockchain task requests to modify the blockchain data structure based on the sensor datasets, a portion of the blockchain task requests being directed to one of the blockchain peer nodes; determining a blockchain network throughput for the one of the blockchain peer nodes; sequencing the blockchain task requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes to remain under the blockchain network throughput determined for the one of the blockchain peer nodes, each sequenced blockchain task request comprising the vehicle permission value for a corresponding vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and receiving, from the one of the blockchain peer nodes, blockchain task responses recorded to the blockchain data structure indicating performance of the blockchain task requests by the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the blockchain network throughput by identifying a blockchain write rate for the one of the blockchain peer nodes and setting the blockchain write rate as a limit for the blockchain network throughput for requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain write rate is a rate at which the one of the blockchain peer nodes submits responses to record data in the blockchain data structure, each of the responses corresponding to a blockchain task request from one or more of the plurality of vehicles. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sequencing the blockchain task requests comprises time delaying a portion of the blockchain task requests. 5. The method claim 1, wherein blockchain task requests are received from a plurality of machine kiosks that generate the blockchain task requests from interactions with the plurality of vehicles. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein machine kiosks include one or more of: a gas station kiosk, a toll kiosk, a parking meter kiosk. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving, from the plurality of vehicles, additional sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the additional sensor datasets including updated sensor values that indicate completed service interactions between the plurality of vehicles and the plurality of machine kiosks. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one of the blockchain peer nodes approves the blockchain task requests from the plurality of machine kiosks based on the updated sensor values that indicate completion of service interactions. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the one of the blockchain peer nodes approves the blockchain task requests from the plurality of machine kiosks further based on the vehicle permission values for the plurality of vehicles satisfying a pre-configured threshold. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a first sensor and a second sensor, and the sensor data comprises a first sensor readings set generated by the first sensor and a second sensor readings set generated by the second sensor. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
identifying a first sensor numerical score preconfigured for the first sensor; modifying the first sensor numerical score based on individual values of the first sensor readings set; identifying a second sensor numerical score preconfigured for the second sensor; modifying the second sensor numerical score based on individual values of the second sensor readings set; and generating the vehicle permission value by combining the modified first sensor numerical score and the modified second sensor numerical score. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first sensor is a fuel gauge and the first sensor readings are fuel gauge readings, wherein the second sensor is an odometer and the second sensor readings are odometer readings, and wherein generating the vehicle permission value comprises:
determining that an increase in the odometer readings is offset by a decrease in fuel gauge readings. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain network comprises a plurality of blockchain peer nodes that execute a blockchain code set via blockchain consensus, the blockchain code set comprising instructions for the one or more blockchain tasks. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the blockchain consensus is consensus amongst the blockchain peer nodes. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the blockchain consensus is managed by one of the blockchain peer nodes using a pluggable consensus scheme. 16. A system comprising:
one or more processors of a machine; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a plurality of vehicles, sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the sensor datasets received from vehicle network interfaces of the plurality of vehicles; generating, using the sensor datasets, a vehicle permission value for each of the plurality of vehicles, the vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks that request modifications to a blockchain data structure managed by blockchain peer nodes; receiving blockchain task requests to modify the blockchain data structure based on the sensor datasets, a portion of the blockchain task requests being directed to one of the blockchain peer nodes; determining a blockchain network throughput for the one of the blockchain peer nodes; sequencing the blockchain task requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes to remain under the blockchain network throughput determined for the one of the blockchain peer nodes, each sequenced blockchain task request comprising the vehicle permission value for a corresponding vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and receiving, from the one of the blockchain peer nodes, blockchain task responses recorded to the blockchain data structure indicating performance of the blockchain task requests by the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 17. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
determining the blockchain network throughput by identifying a blockchain write rate for the one of the blockchain peer nodes and setting the blockchain write rate as a limit for the blockchain network throughput for requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the blockchain write rate is a rate at which the one of the blockchain peer nodes submits responses to record data in the blockchain data structure, each of the responses corresponding to a blockchain task request from one or more of the plurality of vehicles. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein sequencing the blockchain task requests comprises time delaying a portion of the blockchain task requests. 20. A machine-readable storage device embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a plurality of vehicles, sensor datasets generated by sensors in each of the plurality of vehicles, the sensor datasets received from vehicle network interfaces of the plurality of vehicles; generating, using the sensor datasets, a vehicle permission value for each of the plurality of vehicles, the vehicle permission value indicating a level of access to one or more blockchain tasks that request modifications to a blockchain data structure managed by blockchain peer nodes; receiving blockchain task requests to modify the blockchain data structure based on the sensor datasets, a portion of the blockchain task requests being directed to one of the blockchain peer nodes; determining a blockchain network throughput for the one of the blockchain peer nodes; sequencing the blockchain task requests sent to the one of the blockchain peer nodes to remain under the blockchain network throughput determined for the one of the blockchain peer nodes, each sequenced blockchain task request comprising the vehicle permission value for a corresponding vehicle of the plurality of vehicles; and receiving, from the one of the blockchain peer nodes, blockchain task responses recorded to the blockchain data structure indicating performance of the blockchain task requests by the one of the blockchain peer nodes. | 1,600 |
343,860 | 16,803,279 | 1,623 | A campaign management system manages campaign datasets, wherein a campaign dataset corresponds to selections and instructions for executing an online campaign. A campaign dataset might be created by a human or a machine, or multiple humans and computers in a crowd-sourcing approach. Campaign datasets can be processed to determine an expected quality metric, a post-run quality metric, and a confidence level. A campaign comparator can compare campaign datasets to identify similar campaign datasets so that an expected quality metric, a post-run quality metric, and/or a confidence level from one campaign dataset can be imputed to another campaign dataset. | 1. A computer-implemented method of a campaign dataset corresponding to inputs to an online advertising platform, the method comprising:
generating a first candidate campaign dataset according to a machine learning process, wherein the first candidate campaign dataset includes at least one data element of an online advertising campaign; computing a first evaluation score of the first candidate campaign dataset; when the first evaluation score satisfies a first criteria, generating a request for a human-generated candidate campaign dataset; computing a second evaluation score of the human-generated candidate campaign dataset; based the first evaluation score and the second evaluation score, selecting one of the first candidate campaign dataset and the human-generated candidate campaign dataset to be an injected campaign dataset; determining a campaign result resulting from the injected campaign dataset; and storing the campaign result as feedback records for future campaigns. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset; obtaining a subsequent human-derived campaign dataset derived from human selection of campaign options; determining a first confidence score representing a computer-generated confidence of the subsequent machine-generated campaign data based on at least the feedback records; determining a second confidence score representing a human-determined confidence of the subsequent human-derived campaign dataset; based on the first confidence score and the second confidence score, selecting one of the subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset and the subsequent human-derived campaign dataset to be a subsequent injected campaign dataset; determining a subsequent campaign result resulting from the subsequent injected campaign dataset; and storing the subsequent campaign result as part of the feedback records for the future campaigns. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining a first evaluation score representing a human-determined confidence of the subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset; determining a second evaluation score representing a machine-determined confidence of the human-derived campaign dataset based on at least the feedback records; based on the first confidence score, the second confidence score, the first evaluation score, and the second evaluation score, selecting one of the subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset and the subsequent human-derived campaign dataset to be the subsequent injected campaign dataset; and updating the feedback records based on the subsequent campaign result, the first evaluation score, and the second evaluation score. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first confidence score satisfies the first criteria if the first confidence score be below a predetermined machine confidence threshold. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein selecting one of the first candidate campaign dataset and the human-generated candidate campaign dataset comprises selecting based on which has a higher confidence score. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the campaign result comprises determining an effectiveness of the injected campaign dataset with a target audience. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
prompting for human input on the first candidate campaign dataset when the first evaluation score satisfies a second criteria. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the first evaluation score satisfies the second criteria when the first evaluation score is below a first threshold. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein results of prior campaigns are stored as part of the feedback records, the method further comprising:
identifying a similar prior campaign dataset from the feedback records that is similar to the first candidate campaign dataset; and computing the first evaluation score of the first candidate campaign dataset based on campaign results associated with the similar prior campaign dataset. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein identifying the similar prior campaign dataset is based, in part, on a human input of an assessment of similarity. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating inputs to one or more online advertising platforms based on the injected campaign dataset. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising:
selecting among a plurality of online advertising platforms feedback from online platforms during a campaign. 13. A computer-implemented method of operating an online advertising campaign, the method comprising:
generating a first campaign dataset; determining a first evaluation score; obtaining a first campaign result; generating a second campaign dataset; determining if the first campaign dataset and the second campaign dataset are similar; if the first campaign dataset and the second campaign dataset are similar, computing a second evaluation score of the second campaign dataset from the first campaign result and/or the first evaluation score; initiating a second campaign using the second campaign dataset with one or more online advertising platforms; determining an ongoing performance of the second campaign; if the ongoing performance is below a threshold, determining one or more adjustments; for each adjustment, determining a plurality of adjusted campaign datasets; for each adjusted campaign dataset in the plurality of adjusted campaign datasets, determining an adjusted campaign dataset evaluation score; selecting a replacement campaign dataset from among the plurality of adjusted campaign datasets based on their respective adjusted campaign dataset evaluation scores; and modifying the second campaign with the one or more online advertising platforms to use the replacement campaign dataset. | A campaign management system manages campaign datasets, wherein a campaign dataset corresponds to selections and instructions for executing an online campaign. A campaign dataset might be created by a human or a machine, or multiple humans and computers in a crowd-sourcing approach. Campaign datasets can be processed to determine an expected quality metric, a post-run quality metric, and a confidence level. A campaign comparator can compare campaign datasets to identify similar campaign datasets so that an expected quality metric, a post-run quality metric, and/or a confidence level from one campaign dataset can be imputed to another campaign dataset.1. A computer-implemented method of a campaign dataset corresponding to inputs to an online advertising platform, the method comprising:
generating a first candidate campaign dataset according to a machine learning process, wherein the first candidate campaign dataset includes at least one data element of an online advertising campaign; computing a first evaluation score of the first candidate campaign dataset; when the first evaluation score satisfies a first criteria, generating a request for a human-generated candidate campaign dataset; computing a second evaluation score of the human-generated candidate campaign dataset; based the first evaluation score and the second evaluation score, selecting one of the first candidate campaign dataset and the human-generated candidate campaign dataset to be an injected campaign dataset; determining a campaign result resulting from the injected campaign dataset; and storing the campaign result as feedback records for future campaigns. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset; obtaining a subsequent human-derived campaign dataset derived from human selection of campaign options; determining a first confidence score representing a computer-generated confidence of the subsequent machine-generated campaign data based on at least the feedback records; determining a second confidence score representing a human-determined confidence of the subsequent human-derived campaign dataset; based on the first confidence score and the second confidence score, selecting one of the subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset and the subsequent human-derived campaign dataset to be a subsequent injected campaign dataset; determining a subsequent campaign result resulting from the subsequent injected campaign dataset; and storing the subsequent campaign result as part of the feedback records for the future campaigns. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining a first evaluation score representing a human-determined confidence of the subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset; determining a second evaluation score representing a machine-determined confidence of the human-derived campaign dataset based on at least the feedback records; based on the first confidence score, the second confidence score, the first evaluation score, and the second evaluation score, selecting one of the subsequent machine-generated campaign dataset and the subsequent human-derived campaign dataset to be the subsequent injected campaign dataset; and updating the feedback records based on the subsequent campaign result, the first evaluation score, and the second evaluation score. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first confidence score satisfies the first criteria if the first confidence score be below a predetermined machine confidence threshold. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein selecting one of the first candidate campaign dataset and the human-generated candidate campaign dataset comprises selecting based on which has a higher confidence score. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the campaign result comprises determining an effectiveness of the injected campaign dataset with a target audience. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
prompting for human input on the first candidate campaign dataset when the first evaluation score satisfies a second criteria. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the first evaluation score satisfies the second criteria when the first evaluation score is below a first threshold. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein results of prior campaigns are stored as part of the feedback records, the method further comprising:
identifying a similar prior campaign dataset from the feedback records that is similar to the first candidate campaign dataset; and computing the first evaluation score of the first candidate campaign dataset based on campaign results associated with the similar prior campaign dataset. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein identifying the similar prior campaign dataset is based, in part, on a human input of an assessment of similarity. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating inputs to one or more online advertising platforms based on the injected campaign dataset. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising:
selecting among a plurality of online advertising platforms feedback from online platforms during a campaign. 13. A computer-implemented method of operating an online advertising campaign, the method comprising:
generating a first campaign dataset; determining a first evaluation score; obtaining a first campaign result; generating a second campaign dataset; determining if the first campaign dataset and the second campaign dataset are similar; if the first campaign dataset and the second campaign dataset are similar, computing a second evaluation score of the second campaign dataset from the first campaign result and/or the first evaluation score; initiating a second campaign using the second campaign dataset with one or more online advertising platforms; determining an ongoing performance of the second campaign; if the ongoing performance is below a threshold, determining one or more adjustments; for each adjustment, determining a plurality of adjusted campaign datasets; for each adjusted campaign dataset in the plurality of adjusted campaign datasets, determining an adjusted campaign dataset evaluation score; selecting a replacement campaign dataset from among the plurality of adjusted campaign datasets based on their respective adjusted campaign dataset evaluation scores; and modifying the second campaign with the one or more online advertising platforms to use the replacement campaign dataset. | 1,600 |
343,861 | 16,803,295 | 1,623 | A method comprising: identifying, by a resource manager, a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding, by the resource manager, the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing, by the resource manager, the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. | 1. A method comprising:
identifying, by a resource manager, a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding, by the resource manager, the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing, by the resource manager, the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the resource manager, a resource request that is associated with the test, wherein the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, and wherein the resource is identified and added to the group before the resource request is received. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the resource manager, a resource request that is associated with the test, wherein the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, wherein the resource is identified and added to the group after the request is received, and wherein the resource is added to the group in response to the resource matching a set of resource parameters that are specified by the request. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource is added to the group in response to detecting that a load of the resource is below a predetermined threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the permission is revoked based on an outcome of the test. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource is added to the group of resources that are accessible by the storage system at a beginning of a predetermined time period, and the resource is removed from the group of resources at an end of the predetermined time period. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource includes one of a storage server, a storage array, or a virtual machine. 8. A system, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to perform the operations of: identifying a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the one or more processors are further configured to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, and the resource is identified and added to the group before the resource request is received. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the one or more processors are further configured to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, the resource is identified and added to the group after the request is received, and the resource is added to the group in response to the resource matching a set of resource parameters that are specified by the request. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource is added to the group in response to detecting that a load of the resource is below a predetermined threshold. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the permission is revoked based on an outcome of the test. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource is added to the group of resources that are accessible by the storage system at a beginning of a predetermined time period, and the resource is removed from the group of resources at an end of the predetermined time period. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource includes one of a storage server, a storage array, or a virtual machine. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the operations of:
identifying a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the processor-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, and the resource is identified and added to the group before the resource request is received. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the processor-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, the resource is identified and added to the group after the request is received, and the resource is added to the group in response to the resource matching a set of resource parameters that are specified by the request. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the resource is added to the group in response to detecting that a load of the resource is below a predetermined threshold. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the permission is revoked based on an outcome of the test. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the resource is added to the group of resources that are accessible by the storage system at a beginning of a predetermined time period, and the resource is removed from the group of resources at an end of the predetermined time period. | A method comprising: identifying, by a resource manager, a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding, by the resource manager, the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing, by the resource manager, the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission.1. A method comprising:
identifying, by a resource manager, a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding, by the resource manager, the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing, by the resource manager, the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the resource manager, a resource request that is associated with the test, wherein the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, and wherein the resource is identified and added to the group before the resource request is received. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the resource manager, a resource request that is associated with the test, wherein the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, wherein the resource is identified and added to the group after the request is received, and wherein the resource is added to the group in response to the resource matching a set of resource parameters that are specified by the request. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource is added to the group in response to detecting that a load of the resource is below a predetermined threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the permission is revoked based on an outcome of the test. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource is added to the group of resources that are accessible by the storage system at a beginning of a predetermined time period, and the resource is removed from the group of resources at an end of the predetermined time period. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource includes one of a storage server, a storage array, or a virtual machine. 8. A system, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to perform the operations of: identifying a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the one or more processors are further configured to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, and the resource is identified and added to the group before the resource request is received. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the one or more processors are further configured to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, the resource is identified and added to the group after the request is received, and the resource is added to the group in response to the resource matching a set of resource parameters that are specified by the request. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource is added to the group in response to detecting that a load of the resource is below a predetermined threshold. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the permission is revoked based on an outcome of the test. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource is added to the group of resources that are accessible by the storage system at a beginning of a predetermined time period, and the resource is removed from the group of resources at an end of the predetermined time period. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource includes one of a storage server, a storage array, or a virtual machine. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the operations of:
identifying a resource of a storage system, the resource being one which a testing system lacks permission to use for testing the storage system; adding the resource to a group of resources which the testing system is permitted to use for testing the storage system, wherein adding the resource to the group includes granting the testing system a temporary permission to use the resource for testing the storage system; allocating the resource to a test that is performed by the testing system; and removing the resource from the group wherein removing the resource from the group includes revoking the temporary permission. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the processor-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, and the resource is identified and added to the group before the resource request is received. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the processor-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform the operation of receiving a resource request that is associated with the test, the resource is allocated to the test in response to the resource request, the resource is identified and added to the group after the request is received, and the resource is added to the group in response to the resource matching a set of resource parameters that are specified by the request. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the resource is added to the group in response to detecting that a load of the resource is below a predetermined threshold. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the permission is revoked based on an outcome of the test. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the resource is added to the group of resources that are accessible by the storage system at a beginning of a predetermined time period, and the resource is removed from the group of resources at an end of the predetermined time period. | 1,600 |
343,862 | 16,803,308 | 1,623 | In some examples, a storage medium stores a plurality of information elements that relate to corresponding virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, where each respective information element of the plurality of information elements corresponds to a respective virtual machine (VM). A controller provides virtual TPMs for respective security operations. A processor resource executes the VMs to use the information elements to access the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces to invoke the security operations of the virtual TPMs, where a first VM is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request that a security operation of a respective virtual TPM be performed. | 1. A system comprising:
a storage medium to store a plurality of information elements that relate to corresponding virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, wherein each respective information element of the plurality of information elements corresponds to a respective virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs; a controller to provide virtual TPMs for respective security operations; and a processor resource to execute the plurality of VMs to use the information elements to access the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces to invoke the security operations of the virtual TPMs, wherein a first VM of the plurality of VMs is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request that a security operation of a respective virtual TPM be performed. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the information elements are included in Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) tables. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the ACPI tables comprise ACPI TPM tables. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the information elements contain addresses of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the addresses of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces are logical addresses to be mapped to physical memory addresses identifying the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each virtual TPM interface of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces comprises a control area to which a command is writeable to request a TPM operation, and from which a result of the TPM operation is readable. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the control area comprises a memory buffer and a register. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual TPMs comprise virtual functions (VFs). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the VFs comprise single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) VFs. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a hypervisor to create the information elements for the plurality of VMs. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the hypervisor is to assign the virtual TPMs to the respective VMs. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the hypervisor is to:
assign addresses for the virtual TPM interfaces, and include the addresses in the information elements. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the security operations of the virtual TPMs are executable without performing TPM emulation at the hypervisor. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that upon execution cause a system to:
store Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) information that relates to corresponding virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, wherein the virtual TPM interfaces are provided by a controller and are associated with respective virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs; execute the plurality of VMs to use the ACPI information to access the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces, wherein a first VM of the plurality of VMs is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request a security operation of a respective virtual TPM. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the ACPI information comprises ACPI TPM tables. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the ACPI information comprises memory addresses of the virtual TPM interfaces. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein each virtual TPM interface of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces comprises a control area usable by a corresponding VM to issue a TPM command, and usable by the corresponding VM to read a result of a TPM operation. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the virtual TPMs comprise virtual functions (VFs). 19. A method comprising:
assigning, by a hypervisor in a system comprising a hardware processor, virtual functions to respective virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs, wherein the VFs represent respective virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, and the VFs are provided by a controller separate from the hypervisor; and executing, in the system, the plurality of VMs to use information indicating addresses of the respective virtual TPM interfaces to access the respective virtual TPM interfaces, wherein a first VM of the plurality of VMs is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request a security operation of a respective virtual TPM. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the information comprises Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) information. | In some examples, a storage medium stores a plurality of information elements that relate to corresponding virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, where each respective information element of the plurality of information elements corresponds to a respective virtual machine (VM). A controller provides virtual TPMs for respective security operations. A processor resource executes the VMs to use the information elements to access the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces to invoke the security operations of the virtual TPMs, where a first VM is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request that a security operation of a respective virtual TPM be performed.1. A system comprising:
a storage medium to store a plurality of information elements that relate to corresponding virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, wherein each respective information element of the plurality of information elements corresponds to a respective virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs; a controller to provide virtual TPMs for respective security operations; and a processor resource to execute the plurality of VMs to use the information elements to access the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces to invoke the security operations of the virtual TPMs, wherein a first VM of the plurality of VMs is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request that a security operation of a respective virtual TPM be performed. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the information elements are included in Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) tables. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the ACPI tables comprise ACPI TPM tables. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the information elements contain addresses of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the addresses of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces are logical addresses to be mapped to physical memory addresses identifying the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each virtual TPM interface of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces comprises a control area to which a command is writeable to request a TPM operation, and from which a result of the TPM operation is readable. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the control area comprises a memory buffer and a register. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual TPMs comprise virtual functions (VFs). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the VFs comprise single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) VFs. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a hypervisor to create the information elements for the plurality of VMs. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the hypervisor is to assign the virtual TPMs to the respective VMs. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the hypervisor is to:
assign addresses for the virtual TPM interfaces, and include the addresses in the information elements. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the security operations of the virtual TPMs are executable without performing TPM emulation at the hypervisor. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that upon execution cause a system to:
store Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) information that relates to corresponding virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, wherein the virtual TPM interfaces are provided by a controller and are associated with respective virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs; execute the plurality of VMs to use the ACPI information to access the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces, wherein a first VM of the plurality of VMs is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request a security operation of a respective virtual TPM. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the ACPI information comprises ACPI TPM tables. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the ACPI information comprises memory addresses of the virtual TPM interfaces. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein each virtual TPM interface of the corresponding virtual TPM interfaces comprises a control area usable by a corresponding VM to issue a TPM command, and usable by the corresponding VM to read a result of a TPM operation. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the virtual TPMs comprise virtual functions (VFs). 19. A method comprising:
assigning, by a hypervisor in a system comprising a hardware processor, virtual functions to respective virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs, wherein the VFs represent respective virtual trusted platform module (TPM) interfaces, and the VFs are provided by a controller separate from the hypervisor; and executing, in the system, the plurality of VMs to use information indicating addresses of the respective virtual TPM interfaces to access the respective virtual TPM interfaces, wherein a first VM of the plurality of VMs is to access a first virtual TPM interface of the virtual TPM interfaces to request a security operation of a respective virtual TPM. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the information comprises Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) information. | 1,600 |
343,863 | 16,803,336 | 1,623 | An electronic device includes a reception coil configured to wirelessly receive power based on an externally formed magnetic field, a rectifier configured to rectify power generated from the reception coil, an over-voltage protection circuit connected with the rectifier, and an output capacitor connected with the over-voltage protection circuit, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit includes a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) selectively connected in parallel with the rectifier and the output capacitor and a switch connecting the NTC to the rectifier and the output capacitor when a voltage at an output terminal of the rectifier exceeds a designated threshold, and disconnecting the NTC from the rectifier and the output capacitor when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier is less than or equal to the designated threshold. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a reception coil configured to wirelessly receive power based on an externally formed magnetic field; a rectifier configured to rectify power generated from the reception coil; an over-voltage protection circuit connected with the rectifier; and an output capacitor connected with the over-voltage protection circuit, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit includes: a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) selectively connected in parallel with the rectifier and the output capacitor, and a switch connecting the NTC to the rectifier and the output capacitor when a voltage at an output terminal of the rectifier exceeds a designated threshold, and disconnecting the NTC from the rectifier and the output capacitor when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier is less than or equal to the designated threshold. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a voltage comparator including a first input terminal connected with the output terminal of the rectifier and a second input terminal to which a voltage of the threshold is input, and an output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the voltage comparator is configured to output an output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold and to not output the output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier does not exceed the threshold, and wherein the switch is controlled to turn on or off based on the output value. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a latch circuit connected with the output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the latch circuit is configured to keep on outputting the output value during a first period when the output value is input from the voltage comparator. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a driver configured to output a switch control signal for controlling the switch to turn on while receiving the output value to the switch, wherein the switch is configured to connect the NTC to the rectifier and the output capacitor upon receiving the switch control signal from the driver. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the latch circuit is further configured to keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least some of the rectified power. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, further comprising:
a diode connected with the output terminal of the rectifier; and a capacitor connected with the diode, wherein the capacitor is configured to store at least some of the rectified power via the diode, and wherein the at least some of the rectified power stored in the capacitor is configured to be provided to the latch circuit. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein a capacitance of the capacitor is selected to allow the capacitor to have a quantity of electrical charge for the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period. 8. The electronic device of claim 3, further comprising:
a battery configured to be charged with the rectified power, and a processor configured to control the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period, wherein the latch circuit is configured to receive at least some power from the battery and keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least some of the received power. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a communication circuit configured to, when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold, transmit a communication signal indicating an occurrence of an over voltage to a wireless power transmitter configured to generate the magnetic field. 10. An electronic device, comprising:
a reception coil configured to generate an induced electromotive force based on an externally formed magnetic field; a rectifier configured to rectify power generated from the reception coil; an over-voltage protection circuit connected with the rectifier; an output capacitor connected with the over-voltage protection circuit; and a processor, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit includes: a variable resistor selectively connected in parallel with the rectifier and the output capacitor, and a switch connecting the variable resistor to the rectifier and the output capacitor when a voltage at an output terminal of the rectifier exceeds a designated threshold, and disconnecting the variable resistor from the rectifier and the output capacitor when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier is less than or equal to the designated threshold, wherein the processor is configured to adjust a resistance of the variable resistor based on the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a voltage comparator including a first input terminal connected with the output terminal of the rectifier and a second input terminal to which a voltage of the threshold is input, and an output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the voltage comparator is configured to output an output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold and to not output the output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier does not exceed the threshold, and wherein the switch is controlled to turn on or off based on the output value. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a latch circuit connected with the output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the latch circuit is configured to keep on outputting the output value during a first period when the output value is input from the voltage comparator. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a driver configured to output a switch control signal for controlling the switch to turn on while receiving the output value to the switch, wherein the switch is configured to connect the variable resistor to the rectifier and the output capacitor upon receiving the switch control signal from the driver, wherein the latch circuit is further configured to keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least some of the rectified power. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising:
a diode connected with the output terminal of the rectifier; and a capacitor connected with the diode, wherein the capacitor is configured to store at least some of the rectified power via the diode, wherein the at least some of the rectified power stored in the capacitor is configured to be provided to the latch circuit. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein a capacitance of the capacitor is selected to allow the capacitor to have a quantity of electrical charge for the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, further comprising:
a battery configured to be charged with the rectified power, wherein the latch circuit is configured to receive at least some power stored in the battery and keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least part of the received power, and wherein the processor is further configured to control the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period. 17. The electronic device of claim 10, further comprising:
a communication circuit configured to, when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold, transmit a communication signal indicating an occurrence of an over voltage to a wireless power transmitter configured to generate the magnetic field. 18. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to reduce the resistance of the variable resistor as the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier increases. 19. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:
a power source; an inverter configured to convert power from the power source into alternating current (AC) power and output the AC power; a transmission coil configured to generate a magnetic field using the converted power output from the inverter; a communication circuit configured to perform communication with an electronic device configured to wirelessly receive power from the wireless power transmitter; and a processor configured to control the inverter to stop operating based on a current input to the transmission coil exceeding a designated threshold current and to control the inverter to stop operating based on receiving a communication signal indicating an occurrence of an over voltage in the electronic device via the communication circuit. 20. The wireless power transmitter of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to identify a coupling coefficient between the wireless power transmitter and the electronic device and select the threshold current based on the coupling coefficient. | An electronic device includes a reception coil configured to wirelessly receive power based on an externally formed magnetic field, a rectifier configured to rectify power generated from the reception coil, an over-voltage protection circuit connected with the rectifier, and an output capacitor connected with the over-voltage protection circuit, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit includes a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) selectively connected in parallel with the rectifier and the output capacitor and a switch connecting the NTC to the rectifier and the output capacitor when a voltage at an output terminal of the rectifier exceeds a designated threshold, and disconnecting the NTC from the rectifier and the output capacitor when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier is less than or equal to the designated threshold.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a reception coil configured to wirelessly receive power based on an externally formed magnetic field; a rectifier configured to rectify power generated from the reception coil; an over-voltage protection circuit connected with the rectifier; and an output capacitor connected with the over-voltage protection circuit, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit includes: a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) selectively connected in parallel with the rectifier and the output capacitor, and a switch connecting the NTC to the rectifier and the output capacitor when a voltage at an output terminal of the rectifier exceeds a designated threshold, and disconnecting the NTC from the rectifier and the output capacitor when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier is less than or equal to the designated threshold. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a voltage comparator including a first input terminal connected with the output terminal of the rectifier and a second input terminal to which a voltage of the threshold is input, and an output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the voltage comparator is configured to output an output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold and to not output the output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier does not exceed the threshold, and wherein the switch is controlled to turn on or off based on the output value. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a latch circuit connected with the output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the latch circuit is configured to keep on outputting the output value during a first period when the output value is input from the voltage comparator. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a driver configured to output a switch control signal for controlling the switch to turn on while receiving the output value to the switch, wherein the switch is configured to connect the NTC to the rectifier and the output capacitor upon receiving the switch control signal from the driver. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the latch circuit is further configured to keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least some of the rectified power. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, further comprising:
a diode connected with the output terminal of the rectifier; and a capacitor connected with the diode, wherein the capacitor is configured to store at least some of the rectified power via the diode, and wherein the at least some of the rectified power stored in the capacitor is configured to be provided to the latch circuit. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein a capacitance of the capacitor is selected to allow the capacitor to have a quantity of electrical charge for the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period. 8. The electronic device of claim 3, further comprising:
a battery configured to be charged with the rectified power, and a processor configured to control the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period, wherein the latch circuit is configured to receive at least some power from the battery and keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least some of the received power. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
a communication circuit configured to, when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold, transmit a communication signal indicating an occurrence of an over voltage to a wireless power transmitter configured to generate the magnetic field. 10. An electronic device, comprising:
a reception coil configured to generate an induced electromotive force based on an externally formed magnetic field; a rectifier configured to rectify power generated from the reception coil; an over-voltage protection circuit connected with the rectifier; an output capacitor connected with the over-voltage protection circuit; and a processor, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit includes: a variable resistor selectively connected in parallel with the rectifier and the output capacitor, and a switch connecting the variable resistor to the rectifier and the output capacitor when a voltage at an output terminal of the rectifier exceeds a designated threshold, and disconnecting the variable resistor from the rectifier and the output capacitor when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier is less than or equal to the designated threshold, wherein the processor is configured to adjust a resistance of the variable resistor based on the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a voltage comparator including a first input terminal connected with the output terminal of the rectifier and a second input terminal to which a voltage of the threshold is input, and an output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the voltage comparator is configured to output an output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold and to not output the output value via the output terminal of the voltage comparator when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier does not exceed the threshold, and wherein the switch is controlled to turn on or off based on the output value. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a latch circuit connected with the output terminal of the voltage comparator, wherein the latch circuit is configured to keep on outputting the output value during a first period when the output value is input from the voltage comparator. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the over-voltage protection circuit further includes:
a driver configured to output a switch control signal for controlling the switch to turn on while receiving the output value to the switch, wherein the switch is configured to connect the variable resistor to the rectifier and the output capacitor upon receiving the switch control signal from the driver, wherein the latch circuit is further configured to keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least some of the rectified power. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising:
a diode connected with the output terminal of the rectifier; and a capacitor connected with the diode, wherein the capacitor is configured to store at least some of the rectified power via the diode, wherein the at least some of the rectified power stored in the capacitor is configured to be provided to the latch circuit. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein a capacitance of the capacitor is selected to allow the capacitor to have a quantity of electrical charge for the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, further comprising:
a battery configured to be charged with the rectified power, wherein the latch circuit is configured to receive at least some power stored in the battery and keep on outputting the output value during the first period based on at least part of the received power, and wherein the processor is further configured to control the latch circuit to keep on outputting the output value during the first period. 17. The electronic device of claim 10, further comprising:
a communication circuit configured to, when the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier exceeds the threshold, transmit a communication signal indicating an occurrence of an over voltage to a wireless power transmitter configured to generate the magnetic field. 18. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to reduce the resistance of the variable resistor as the voltage at the output terminal of the rectifier increases. 19. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:
a power source; an inverter configured to convert power from the power source into alternating current (AC) power and output the AC power; a transmission coil configured to generate a magnetic field using the converted power output from the inverter; a communication circuit configured to perform communication with an electronic device configured to wirelessly receive power from the wireless power transmitter; and a processor configured to control the inverter to stop operating based on a current input to the transmission coil exceeding a designated threshold current and to control the inverter to stop operating based on receiving a communication signal indicating an occurrence of an over voltage in the electronic device via the communication circuit. 20. The wireless power transmitter of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to identify a coupling coefficient between the wireless power transmitter and the electronic device and select the threshold current based on the coupling coefficient. | 1,600 |
343,864 | 16,803,316 | 3,659 | A system and method for assembling booklets in document finishers such as saddle staplers includes first and second opposed rollers configured to receive an edge of a stapled crease of a stack of printed documents. The rollers apply both heat and pressure to the crease to form a tight fold. A second set of rollers provides further heat and pressure to the fold to increase tightness even further. Pressure and temperature of one or both roller sets is controllable to accommodate paper stacks having different numbers of pages or different paper characteristics. | 1. A saddle folder comprising:
a first set of heated rollers having parallel axes and configured to form a nip section therebetween; the nip section configured receive paper at a central crease thereof; a first motor drive configured to cooperatively rotate the first set of heated rollers to move received paper through the first set of heated rollers to form a paper fold at the central crease; a controller configured to control operation of the first motor drive; a second set of heated rollers having parallel axes, wherein the axes of the first set of rollers are substantially perpendicular to the axes of the second set of rollers, and wherein the second set of rollers is positioned so as to contact the paper fold therebetween after exiting the nip section; and a second motor drive configured to move the second set of rollers along the paper fold, wherein the controller is further configured to control operation of the second motor drive. 2. (canceled) 3. The saddle folder of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to
stop the first motor drive when the paper is moved a preset distance relative to the second set of rollers, and
operate the second motor drive when the paper is disposed at the preset distance. 4. The saddle folder of claim 3 wherein the controller is further configured to initiate a biasing force against the paper fold by the second set of rollers when the paper is located at the preset distance. 5. The saddle folder of claim 4 wherein the controller is further configured to release the biasing force after a preselected duration. 6. The saddle folder of claim 5 wherein the preselected duration is selected in accordance with a number of pages which comprise the received paper. 7. The saddle folder of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to enable operation of the second motor drive when the paper includes multiple pages in excess of a predefined page threshold. 8. The saddle folder of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to engage a heater element associated with the first set of heated rollers prior to receipt of paper at the nip section and to disengage the heater element when the paper fold passes an exit nip section of the first set of rollers. 9. A method comprising:
receiving paper, at a central crease thereof, into a nip formed by a first set of aligned heated rollers having parallel axes; cooperatively rotating the first set of heated rollers to move received paper through the first set of heated rollers to form a paper fold at the central crease; receiving the paper into a second set of heated rollers having parallel axes, wherein the axes of the first set of rollers are substantially perpendicular to the axes of the second set of rollers, and wherein the second set of rollers is positioned so as to contact the paper fold therebetween after exiting the nip section; and moving the second set of rollers along the fold. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
stopping the first motor drive when the paper is moved a preset distance relative to the second set of rollers; and
operating the second motor drive when the paper is disposed at the preset distance. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising initiating a biasing force against the paper fold by the second set of rollers when the paper is located at the preset distance. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising releasing the biasing force after a preselected duration. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising selecting the preselected duration in accordance with a number of pages which comprise the received paper. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising enabling operation of the second motor drive when the paper includes multiple pages in excess of a predefined page threshold. 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising engaging a heater element associated with the first set of heated rollers prior to receipt of paper at the nip section and disengaging the heater element when the paper fold passes an exit nip section of the first set of rollers. 17. A system comprising:
a first set of heated rollers having parallel axes and configured to form a nip section therebetween, the nip section configured receive paper at a central crease thereof; a first motor drive configured to cooperatively rotate the first set of heated rollers to move received paper through the first set of heated rollers to form a paper fold at the central crease; a second set of rollers having parallel axes, wherein the axes of the first set of rollers are substantially perpendicular to the axes of the second set of rollers, and wherein the second set of rollers is positioned so as to contact the paper fold therebetween after exiting the nip section; a second motor drive configured move the second set of rollers along the paper fold; and a controller configured to
control operation of the first motor drive,
control operation of the second motor drive,
pause the first motor drive for a selected duration when the paper is moved a preset distance relative to the second set of rollers,
operate the second motor drive during the selected duration when the paper is disposed at the preset distance, and
engage a heater element associated with one or more of the first set of heated rollers and the second set of rollers. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the controller is further configured to initiate a biasing force against the paper fold by the second set of rollers when the paper is located at the preset distance. 19. The system of claim 17 wherein a heater element is associated with the second set of rollers, and wherein the controller is further configured to control one or more of a level of the biasing force, a temperature of the second set of rollers and the selected duration in accordance with a number of paper sheets comprising the received paper. 20. The system of claim 17 wherein a heater element is associated with the first set of rollers, and wherein the controller is further configured to disengage that heating element after the paper fold passes an exit nip section of the first set of heated rollers. | A system and method for assembling booklets in document finishers such as saddle staplers includes first and second opposed rollers configured to receive an edge of a stapled crease of a stack of printed documents. The rollers apply both heat and pressure to the crease to form a tight fold. A second set of rollers provides further heat and pressure to the fold to increase tightness even further. Pressure and temperature of one or both roller sets is controllable to accommodate paper stacks having different numbers of pages or different paper characteristics.1. A saddle folder comprising:
a first set of heated rollers having parallel axes and configured to form a nip section therebetween; the nip section configured receive paper at a central crease thereof; a first motor drive configured to cooperatively rotate the first set of heated rollers to move received paper through the first set of heated rollers to form a paper fold at the central crease; a controller configured to control operation of the first motor drive; a second set of heated rollers having parallel axes, wherein the axes of the first set of rollers are substantially perpendicular to the axes of the second set of rollers, and wherein the second set of rollers is positioned so as to contact the paper fold therebetween after exiting the nip section; and a second motor drive configured to move the second set of rollers along the paper fold, wherein the controller is further configured to control operation of the second motor drive. 2. (canceled) 3. The saddle folder of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to
stop the first motor drive when the paper is moved a preset distance relative to the second set of rollers, and
operate the second motor drive when the paper is disposed at the preset distance. 4. The saddle folder of claim 3 wherein the controller is further configured to initiate a biasing force against the paper fold by the second set of rollers when the paper is located at the preset distance. 5. The saddle folder of claim 4 wherein the controller is further configured to release the biasing force after a preselected duration. 6. The saddle folder of claim 5 wherein the preselected duration is selected in accordance with a number of pages which comprise the received paper. 7. The saddle folder of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to enable operation of the second motor drive when the paper includes multiple pages in excess of a predefined page threshold. 8. The saddle folder of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to engage a heater element associated with the first set of heated rollers prior to receipt of paper at the nip section and to disengage the heater element when the paper fold passes an exit nip section of the first set of rollers. 9. A method comprising:
receiving paper, at a central crease thereof, into a nip formed by a first set of aligned heated rollers having parallel axes; cooperatively rotating the first set of heated rollers to move received paper through the first set of heated rollers to form a paper fold at the central crease; receiving the paper into a second set of heated rollers having parallel axes, wherein the axes of the first set of rollers are substantially perpendicular to the axes of the second set of rollers, and wherein the second set of rollers is positioned so as to contact the paper fold therebetween after exiting the nip section; and moving the second set of rollers along the fold. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
stopping the first motor drive when the paper is moved a preset distance relative to the second set of rollers; and
operating the second motor drive when the paper is disposed at the preset distance. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising initiating a biasing force against the paper fold by the second set of rollers when the paper is located at the preset distance. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising releasing the biasing force after a preselected duration. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising selecting the preselected duration in accordance with a number of pages which comprise the received paper. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising enabling operation of the second motor drive when the paper includes multiple pages in excess of a predefined page threshold. 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising engaging a heater element associated with the first set of heated rollers prior to receipt of paper at the nip section and disengaging the heater element when the paper fold passes an exit nip section of the first set of rollers. 17. A system comprising:
a first set of heated rollers having parallel axes and configured to form a nip section therebetween, the nip section configured receive paper at a central crease thereof; a first motor drive configured to cooperatively rotate the first set of heated rollers to move received paper through the first set of heated rollers to form a paper fold at the central crease; a second set of rollers having parallel axes, wherein the axes of the first set of rollers are substantially perpendicular to the axes of the second set of rollers, and wherein the second set of rollers is positioned so as to contact the paper fold therebetween after exiting the nip section; a second motor drive configured move the second set of rollers along the paper fold; and a controller configured to
control operation of the first motor drive,
control operation of the second motor drive,
pause the first motor drive for a selected duration when the paper is moved a preset distance relative to the second set of rollers,
operate the second motor drive during the selected duration when the paper is disposed at the preset distance, and
engage a heater element associated with one or more of the first set of heated rollers and the second set of rollers. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the controller is further configured to initiate a biasing force against the paper fold by the second set of rollers when the paper is located at the preset distance. 19. The system of claim 17 wherein a heater element is associated with the second set of rollers, and wherein the controller is further configured to control one or more of a level of the biasing force, a temperature of the second set of rollers and the selected duration in accordance with a number of paper sheets comprising the received paper. 20. The system of claim 17 wherein a heater element is associated with the first set of rollers, and wherein the controller is further configured to disengage that heating element after the paper fold passes an exit nip section of the first set of heated rollers. | 3,600 |
343,865 | 16,803,303 | 2,815 | A light emitting device, according to the present embodiment, has a first insulator, which is transparent to light, a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator, a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer, a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer, and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and the tensile storage elastic modulus of the third insulator is 1.0×109 Pa or greater, up to 1.0×1010 Pa, at 0° C., and 1.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 6.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. | 1. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein a tensile storage elastic modulus of the third insulator is 1.0×109 Pa or greater, up to 1.0×1010 Pa, at 0° C., and 1.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 6.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. 2. A light emitting device comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein, after a thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in an environment with a temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in an environment with a temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in an environment with a temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 100 times, in a state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein, after a thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in an environment with a temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in an environment with a temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in an environment with a temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 1000 times, in a state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements comprise a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element, which are both based on different standards. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein:
a plurality of light emitting element groups comprising the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are formed; and the light emitting elements to constitute the light emitting element groups are arranged so as to be recognized as a single bright spot. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a second conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the second insulator, wherein the light emitting element is connected to the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the tensile storage elastic modulus of the third insulator is 2.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 2.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a temperature at which mechanical loss tangent of the third insulator becomes maximum is 20° C. or higher, up to 130° C. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein the temperature at which mechanical loss tangent of the third insulator becomes maximum is 20° C. or more and lower than 117° C. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a humidity is changed from 40% to 85% in an environment in which a temperature is 85° C., an expansion coefficient of the third insulator is less than 10%. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a water-absorption coefficient of the third insulator is 0.1% or higher in an environment in which a temperature is 85° C. and a humidity is 85%. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, in an environment in which a temperature is 85° C. and a humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 1000 hours or longer in a state in which the light emitting element is bent along a circle having a radius of 50 mm. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein an electrode of the light emitting element is connected to the conductor layer via a bump provided on the electrode. 15. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, comprising the steps of:
forming a conductor layer on one side of a first insulator, which is transparent to light; arranging an insulating sheet on one side of the first insulator and the conductor layer; positioning an electrode of a light emitting element on a pad of the conductor layer, and mounting the light emitting element on the sheet; arranging a second insulator, which is transparent to light, on one side of the light emitting element; and heating and pressing a composite of the first insulator, the second insulator, the sheet and the light emitting element, under vacuum, wherein a tensile storage elastic modulus of the sheet is 1.0×109 Pa or greater, up to 1.0×1010 Pa, at 0° C., and 1.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 6.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. | A light emitting device, according to the present embodiment, has a first insulator, which is transparent to light, a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator, a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer, a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer, and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and the tensile storage elastic modulus of the third insulator is 1.0×109 Pa or greater, up to 1.0×1010 Pa, at 0° C., and 1.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 6.0×108 Pa, at 130° C.1. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein a tensile storage elastic modulus of the third insulator is 1.0×109 Pa or greater, up to 1.0×1010 Pa, at 0° C., and 1.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 6.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. 2. A light emitting device comprising:
a first insulator, which is transparent to light; a first conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the first insulator; a second insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged to oppose the first conductor layer; a light emitting element, which is arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator and connected to the first conductor layer; and a third insulator, which is transparent to light and arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein, after a thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in an environment with a temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in an environment with a temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in an environment with a temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 100 times, in a state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein, after a thermal cycle test, in which one minute of exposure in an environment with a temperature of 25° C., five minutes of exposure in an environment with a temperature of −40° C., one minute of exposure in the environment with the temperature of 25° C., and exposure in an environment with a temperature of 110° C. are carried out every five minutes, is performed 1000 times, in a state in which the light emitting element is unlit, the light emitting element can be lit. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged between the first insulator and the second insulator. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of light emitting elements comprise a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element, which are both based on different standards. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein:
a plurality of light emitting element groups comprising the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are formed; and the light emitting elements to constitute the light emitting element groups are arranged so as to be recognized as a single bright spot. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a second conductor layer, which is provided on a surface of the second insulator, wherein the light emitting element is connected to the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the tensile storage elastic modulus of the third insulator is 2.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 2.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a temperature at which mechanical loss tangent of the third insulator becomes maximum is 20° C. or higher, up to 130° C. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein the temperature at which mechanical loss tangent of the third insulator becomes maximum is 20° C. or more and lower than 117° C. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, when a humidity is changed from 40% to 85% in an environment in which a temperature is 85° C., an expansion coefficient of the third insulator is less than 10%. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a water-absorption coefficient of the third insulator is 0.1% or higher in an environment in which a temperature is 85° C. and a humidity is 85%. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, in an environment in which a temperature is 85° C. and a humidity is 85%, the light emitting element keeps lighting for 1000 hours or longer in a state in which the light emitting element is bent along a circle having a radius of 50 mm. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein an electrode of the light emitting element is connected to the conductor layer via a bump provided on the electrode. 15. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, comprising the steps of:
forming a conductor layer on one side of a first insulator, which is transparent to light; arranging an insulating sheet on one side of the first insulator and the conductor layer; positioning an electrode of a light emitting element on a pad of the conductor layer, and mounting the light emitting element on the sheet; arranging a second insulator, which is transparent to light, on one side of the light emitting element; and heating and pressing a composite of the first insulator, the second insulator, the sheet and the light emitting element, under vacuum, wherein a tensile storage elastic modulus of the sheet is 1.0×109 Pa or greater, up to 1.0×1010 Pa, at 0° C., and 1.0×106 Pa or greater, up to 6.0×108 Pa, at 130° C. | 2,800 |
343,866 | 16,803,302 | 2,815 | A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for selecting a path to a destination. In the context of a method, first vectors are defined that are representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from an origin to the destination. Each first vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the respective candidate path. The method also includes defining a second vector representative of a textual description of a specified path from the origin to the destination. The second vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the specified path. The method further includes identifying a particular vector, from among the first vectors, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector and selecting a particular candidate path that is represented by the particular vector that is identified. | 1. A method for selecting a path to a destination, the method comprising:
defining first vectors representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from an origin to the destination, wherein each first vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the respective candidate path; defining a second vector representative of a textual description of a specified path from the origin to the destination, wherein the second vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the specified path; identifying a particular vector, from among the first vectors, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector; and selecting a particular candidate path, from among the plurality of candidate paths, that is represented by the particular vector identified based on the similarity of the particular vector to the second vector. 2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising converting an audio description of the specified path to the textual description. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein converting the audio description comprises converting the audio description that is received in real time or near real time. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein defining the second vector comprises defining the second vector based on one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein identifying the particular vector comprises identifying the particular vector to be the most similar of the first vectors in comparison to the second vector. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein, in an instance in which a length of an extended segment of the one or more segments exceeds a threshold, defining the first vectors comprises defining the first vector that includes the extended segment that exceeds the threshold to include a plurality of elements that are each representative of the extended segment that exceeds the threshold. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein defining the first vectors comprises defining a respective first vector to comprise a plurality of elements representative of the directional information associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path, and wherein the plurality of elements uniquely represent each point of interest or each direction associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path. 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a point of interest from the textual description; determining whether map data that includes the origin and the destination fails to represent the point of interest; and in an instance in which the map data fails to represent the point of interest, updating the map data to include the point of interest. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein updating the map data to include the point of interest comprises associating the point of interest with a location that is at least partially defined by the textual description from which the point of interest was identified, and wherein the location is represented by the map data. 10. An apparatus configured to select a path to a destination, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry and at least one memory including computer program code instructions, the computer program code instructions configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to:
define first vectors representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from an origin to the destination, wherein each first vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the respective candidate path; define a second vector representative of a textual description of a specified path from the origin to the destination, wherein the second vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the specified path; identify a particular vector, from among the first vectors, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector; and select a particular candidate path, from among the plurality of candidate paths, that is represented by the particular vector identified based on the similarity of the particular vector to the second vector. 11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to convert an audio description of the specified path to the textual description. 12. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to define the second vector by defining the second vector based on one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path. 13. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to identify the particular vector by identifying the particular vector to be the most similar of the first vectors in comparison to the second vector. 14. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein, in an instance in which a length of an extended segment of the one or more segments exceeds a threshold, the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to define the first vector that includes the extended segment that exceeds the threshold to include a plurality of elements that are each representative of the extended segment that exceeds the threshold. 15. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to define a respective first vector to comprise a plurality of elements representative of the directional information associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path, and wherein the plurality of elements uniquely represent each point of interest or each direction associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path. 16. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to:
identify a point of interest from the textual description; determine whether map data that includes the origin and the destination fails to represent the point of interest; and in an instance in which the map data fails to represent the point of interest, update the map data to include the point of interest. 17. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to update the map data to represent the point of interest by associating the point of interest with a location that is at least partially defined by the textual description from which the point of interest was identified, and wherein the location is represented by the map data. 18. A method for selecting a path to a destination, the method comprising:
obtaining a second vector representative of an audio description of a specified path from an origin to the destination, wherein the second vector comprises a plurality of elements representative of one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path, and wherein the plurality of elements of the second vector are ordered sequentially based upon an ordering of the one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path; identifying a particular vector, from among a plurality of first vectors representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from the origin to the destination, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector; and selecting a particular candidate path, from among the plurality of candidate paths, that is represented by the particular vector identified based on the similarity of the particular vector to the second vector. 19. A method according to claim 18, further comprising:
converting the audio description of the specified path to a textual description; and defining the second vector based upon the textual description of the specified path. 20. A method according to claim 18, further comprising:
identifying a point of interest from the audio description; determining whether map data that includes the origin and the destination fails to represent the point of interest; and in an instance in which the map data fails to include the point of interest, updating the map data to represent the point of interest. | A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for selecting a path to a destination. In the context of a method, first vectors are defined that are representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from an origin to the destination. Each first vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the respective candidate path. The method also includes defining a second vector representative of a textual description of a specified path from the origin to the destination. The second vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the specified path. The method further includes identifying a particular vector, from among the first vectors, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector and selecting a particular candidate path that is represented by the particular vector that is identified.1. A method for selecting a path to a destination, the method comprising:
defining first vectors representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from an origin to the destination, wherein each first vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the respective candidate path; defining a second vector representative of a textual description of a specified path from the origin to the destination, wherein the second vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the specified path; identifying a particular vector, from among the first vectors, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector; and selecting a particular candidate path, from among the plurality of candidate paths, that is represented by the particular vector identified based on the similarity of the particular vector to the second vector. 2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising converting an audio description of the specified path to the textual description. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein converting the audio description comprises converting the audio description that is received in real time or near real time. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein defining the second vector comprises defining the second vector based on one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein identifying the particular vector comprises identifying the particular vector to be the most similar of the first vectors in comparison to the second vector. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein, in an instance in which a length of an extended segment of the one or more segments exceeds a threshold, defining the first vectors comprises defining the first vector that includes the extended segment that exceeds the threshold to include a plurality of elements that are each representative of the extended segment that exceeds the threshold. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein defining the first vectors comprises defining a respective first vector to comprise a plurality of elements representative of the directional information associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path, and wherein the plurality of elements uniquely represent each point of interest or each direction associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path. 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a point of interest from the textual description; determining whether map data that includes the origin and the destination fails to represent the point of interest; and in an instance in which the map data fails to represent the point of interest, updating the map data to include the point of interest. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein updating the map data to include the point of interest comprises associating the point of interest with a location that is at least partially defined by the textual description from which the point of interest was identified, and wherein the location is represented by the map data. 10. An apparatus configured to select a path to a destination, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry and at least one memory including computer program code instructions, the computer program code instructions configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to:
define first vectors representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from an origin to the destination, wherein each first vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the respective candidate path; define a second vector representative of a textual description of a specified path from the origin to the destination, wherein the second vector is at least partially defined by directional information associated with one or more segments of the specified path; identify a particular vector, from among the first vectors, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector; and select a particular candidate path, from among the plurality of candidate paths, that is represented by the particular vector identified based on the similarity of the particular vector to the second vector. 11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to convert an audio description of the specified path to the textual description. 12. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to define the second vector by defining the second vector based on one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path. 13. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to identify the particular vector by identifying the particular vector to be the most similar of the first vectors in comparison to the second vector. 14. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein, in an instance in which a length of an extended segment of the one or more segments exceeds a threshold, the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to define the first vector that includes the extended segment that exceeds the threshold to include a plurality of elements that are each representative of the extended segment that exceeds the threshold. 15. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to define a respective first vector to comprise a plurality of elements representative of the directional information associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path, and wherein the plurality of elements uniquely represent each point of interest or each direction associated with the one or more segments of the respective candidate path. 16. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to:
identify a point of interest from the textual description; determine whether map data that includes the origin and the destination fails to represent the point of interest; and in an instance in which the map data fails to represent the point of interest, update the map data to include the point of interest. 17. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the computer program code instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to update the map data to represent the point of interest by associating the point of interest with a location that is at least partially defined by the textual description from which the point of interest was identified, and wherein the location is represented by the map data. 18. A method for selecting a path to a destination, the method comprising:
obtaining a second vector representative of an audio description of a specified path from an origin to the destination, wherein the second vector comprises a plurality of elements representative of one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path, and wherein the plurality of elements of the second vector are ordered sequentially based upon an ordering of the one or more points of interest, one or more landmarks, one or more features of a map or one or more directions associated with the one or more segments of the specified path; identifying a particular vector, from among a plurality of first vectors representative of a plurality of respective candidate paths from the origin to the destination, based on a similarity of the particular vector to the second vector; and selecting a particular candidate path, from among the plurality of candidate paths, that is represented by the particular vector identified based on the similarity of the particular vector to the second vector. 19. A method according to claim 18, further comprising:
converting the audio description of the specified path to a textual description; and defining the second vector based upon the textual description of the specified path. 20. A method according to claim 18, further comprising:
identifying a point of interest from the audio description; determining whether map data that includes the origin and the destination fails to represent the point of interest; and in an instance in which the map data fails to include the point of interest, updating the map data to represent the point of interest. | 2,800 |
343,867 | 16,803,345 | 2,815 | A cell culture apparatus includes: a supply unit that supplies a culture medium to a culture tank accommodating the culture medium and cells; a discharge unit that discharges the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank; and one or more processors comprising hardware, the one or more processors being configured to determine whether or not cell density in the culture medium in the culture tank has exceeded a preliminarily set predetermined threshold, wherein in response to determining that the cell density has exceeded the predetermined threshold, the one or more processors are configured to cause the discharge unit to discharge a portion of the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank and cause the supply unit to supply a new culture medium to the culture tank to reduce the cell density to the predetermined threshold or less. | 1. A cell culture apparatus comprising:
a supply unit that supplies a culture medium to a culture tank accommodating the culture medium and cells; a discharge unit that discharges the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank; and one or more processors comprising hardware, the one or more processors being configured to determine whether or not cell density in the culture medium in the culture tank has exceeded a preliminarily set predetermined threshold, wherein in response to determining that the cell density has exceeded the predetermined threshold, the one or more processors are configured to cause the discharge unit to discharge a portion of the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank and cause the supply unit to supply a new culture medium to the culture tank to reduce the cell density to the predetermined threshold or less. 2. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the supply unit includes a culture-medium holding container that holds the culture medium to be supplied to the culture tank, and a supply tube that connects the culture-medium holding container and the culture tank such that the culture medium passes therethrough, and the supply tube is provided with a supply pump or a supply valve that switches between supply and non-supply of the culture medium from the culture-medium holding container to the culture tank. 3. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the discharge unit includes a culture-medium collecting container into which the culture medium and cells discharged from the culture tank are collected, and a discharging tube that connects the culture tank and the culture-medium collecting container such that the culture medium passes therethrough, and the discharging tube is provided with a discharging pump or a discharging valve that switches between discharging and non-discharging of the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank to the culture-medium collecting container. 4. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge unit includes a culture-medium collecting container into which the culture medium and cells discharged from the culture tank are collected, a discharging tube that connects the culture tank and the culture-medium collecting container such that the culture medium and the cells pass therethrough, and a suction pump that applies a negative pressure to the culture-medium collecting container. 5. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an agitator that agitates the culture medium in the culture tank, wherein
the one or more processors are configured to cause the discharge unit to discharge the culture medium and the cells after stopping the agitation of the culture medium with the agitator or after reducing a speed at which the culture medium is agitated by the agitator. 6. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more processors are configured to output a signal when the cell density has exceeded the predetermined threshold, and the supply unit and the discharging unit are controlled according to the outputted signal. 7. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are configured to transmit/receive the signal to/from the supply unit and the discharge unit via wires or wirelessly. | A cell culture apparatus includes: a supply unit that supplies a culture medium to a culture tank accommodating the culture medium and cells; a discharge unit that discharges the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank; and one or more processors comprising hardware, the one or more processors being configured to determine whether or not cell density in the culture medium in the culture tank has exceeded a preliminarily set predetermined threshold, wherein in response to determining that the cell density has exceeded the predetermined threshold, the one or more processors are configured to cause the discharge unit to discharge a portion of the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank and cause the supply unit to supply a new culture medium to the culture tank to reduce the cell density to the predetermined threshold or less.1. A cell culture apparatus comprising:
a supply unit that supplies a culture medium to a culture tank accommodating the culture medium and cells; a discharge unit that discharges the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank; and one or more processors comprising hardware, the one or more processors being configured to determine whether or not cell density in the culture medium in the culture tank has exceeded a preliminarily set predetermined threshold, wherein in response to determining that the cell density has exceeded the predetermined threshold, the one or more processors are configured to cause the discharge unit to discharge a portion of the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank and cause the supply unit to supply a new culture medium to the culture tank to reduce the cell density to the predetermined threshold or less. 2. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the supply unit includes a culture-medium holding container that holds the culture medium to be supplied to the culture tank, and a supply tube that connects the culture-medium holding container and the culture tank such that the culture medium passes therethrough, and the supply tube is provided with a supply pump or a supply valve that switches between supply and non-supply of the culture medium from the culture-medium holding container to the culture tank. 3. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the discharge unit includes a culture-medium collecting container into which the culture medium and cells discharged from the culture tank are collected, and a discharging tube that connects the culture tank and the culture-medium collecting container such that the culture medium passes therethrough, and the discharging tube is provided with a discharging pump or a discharging valve that switches between discharging and non-discharging of the culture medium and the cells from the culture tank to the culture-medium collecting container. 4. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge unit includes a culture-medium collecting container into which the culture medium and cells discharged from the culture tank are collected, a discharging tube that connects the culture tank and the culture-medium collecting container such that the culture medium and the cells pass therethrough, and a suction pump that applies a negative pressure to the culture-medium collecting container. 5. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an agitator that agitates the culture medium in the culture tank, wherein
the one or more processors are configured to cause the discharge unit to discharge the culture medium and the cells after stopping the agitation of the culture medium with the agitator or after reducing a speed at which the culture medium is agitated by the agitator. 6. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more processors are configured to output a signal when the cell density has exceeded the predetermined threshold, and the supply unit and the discharging unit are controlled according to the outputted signal. 7. The cell culture apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are configured to transmit/receive the signal to/from the supply unit and the discharge unit via wires or wirelessly. | 2,800 |
343,868 | 16,803,324 | 2,815 | According to one embodiment, a storage controller is configured to control a storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value. The storage controller includes a timer configured to notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time, and a controller configured to, when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. | 1. A storage controller configured to control a storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value, the storage controller comprising:
a timer configured to notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and a controller configured to, when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 2. The storage controller according to claim 1,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, wherein the timer comprises a plurality of timers, wherein a respective one of the timers is provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the controller is configured to, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, issue the command for updating the temperature measurement value to the storage unit corresponding to the one of the timers. 3. The storage controller according to claim 1,
wherein the storage is a NAND flash memory. 4. The storage controller according to claim 1,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. 5. A storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value, the storage device comprising:
a timer configured to notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and a controller configured to, when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 6. The storage device according to claim 5,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, wherein the timer comprises a plurality of timers, wherein a respective one of the timers is provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the controller is configured to, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, issue the command for updating the temperature measurement value to the storage unit corresponding to the one of the timers. 7. The storage device according to claim 5,
wherein the storage is a NAND flash memory. 8. The storage device according to claim 5,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program configured to control a storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value, the program being configured to cause a computer to:
notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 9,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, and the timer comprises a plurality of timers, wherein a respective one of the timers is provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the program is configured to cause the computer to issue, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, the command for updating the temperature measurement value to the storage unit corresponding to the one of the timers. 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 9,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. 12. A method for controlling a storage device capable of, upon issue of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform temperature measurement using the temperature sensor so as to update a temperature measurement value, the method comprising:
notifying, by a timer of the storage device, a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance timing of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and issuing, by a controller of the storage device, when the timeout is notified, to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, and the timer comprises a plurality of timers, each provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the method further comprises: issuing, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, the command for updating the temperature measurement value to one of the storage units corresponding to the one of the timers. 14. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. | According to one embodiment, a storage controller is configured to control a storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value. The storage controller includes a timer configured to notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time, and a controller configured to, when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value.1. A storage controller configured to control a storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value, the storage controller comprising:
a timer configured to notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and a controller configured to, when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 2. The storage controller according to claim 1,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, wherein the timer comprises a plurality of timers, wherein a respective one of the timers is provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the controller is configured to, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, issue the command for updating the temperature measurement value to the storage unit corresponding to the one of the timers. 3. The storage controller according to claim 1,
wherein the storage is a NAND flash memory. 4. The storage controller according to claim 1,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. 5. A storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value, the storage device comprising:
a timer configured to notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and a controller configured to, when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 6. The storage device according to claim 5,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, wherein the timer comprises a plurality of timers, wherein a respective one of the timers is provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the controller is configured to, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, issue the command for updating the temperature measurement value to the storage unit corresponding to the one of the timers. 7. The storage device according to claim 5,
wherein the storage is a NAND flash memory. 8. The storage device according to claim 5,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program configured to control a storage device capable of, upon issuance of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform a temperature measurement to update a temperature measurement value, the program being configured to cause a computer to:
notify a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and when the timeout is notified, issue to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 9,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, and the timer comprises a plurality of timers, wherein a respective one of the timers is provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the program is configured to cause the computer to issue, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, the command for updating the temperature measurement value to the storage unit corresponding to the one of the timers. 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 9,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. 12. A method for controlling a storage device capable of, upon issue of a predetermined command, causing a storage including a temperature sensor to perform temperature measurement using the temperature sensor so as to update a temperature measurement value, the method comprising:
notifying, by a timer of the storage device, a timeout when an elapsed time from a last issuance timing of the predetermined command reaches a predetermined time; and issuing, by a controller of the storage device, when the timeout is notified, to the storage a command for updating the temperature measurement value. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the storage comprises a plurality of storage units, and the timer comprises a plurality of timers, each provided in a corresponding one of the storage units, wherein the method further comprises: issuing, when the timeout is notified by one of the timers, the command for updating the temperature measurement value to one of the storage units corresponding to the one of the timers. 14. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the predetermined command is an access command including at least one of data writing, data reading, or data erasing. | 2,800 |
343,869 | 16,803,319 | 2,857 | A system and method are provided for making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal using a narrowband measurement instrument operating in a frequency domain. The method includes receiving the periodic RF signal at a single port corresponding to a receiver of the measurement instrument; determining a complex absolute signal having amplitudes and phases of spectral components of the periodic RF signal over an entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstructing a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. | 1. A method of making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal using a narrowband measurement instrument operating in a frequency domain, the method comprising:
receiving the periodic RF signal at a single port corresponding to a receiver of the measurement instrument; determining a complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of spectral components of the periodic RF signal over an entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstructing a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain comprises performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the complex absolute signal. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a periodic characteristic in the reconstructed time domain signal; and displaying the detected periodic characteristic on a display of the measurement instrument. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the periodic characteristic comprises a pulse. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the complex absolute signal comprises:
performing a phase response calibration of the receiver to obtain a calibrated phase response; measuring the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using the calibrated phase response; measuring the amplitudes of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using a calibrated amplitude response determined by an absolute amplitude calibration of the receiver; and combining the measured phases of the spectral components with the measured amplitudes of the receiver to provide the complex absolute signal. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the phase response calibration comprises:
generating a comb signal with multiple frequency tones using a phase reference device, the frequency tones having a known phase relationship, and applying the comb signal to the receiver; measuring a phase response of the phase reference device at the receiver using the comb signal; and removing a known phase response of the phase reference device from the measured phase response by dividing the measured phase response by the known phase response to provide the calibrated phase response of the receiver. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the phase response calibration enables stitching together the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal over the entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a linear portion of the phases of the spectral components in the complex absolute signal; and subtracting out the determined linear portion to center the reconstructed time domain signal at time zero. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
adding or subtracting an arbitrary phase slope to or from the phases of the complex absolute signal to translate the center of the reconstructed time domain signal forward or backward with respect the time zero. 10. A system operating in a frequency domain for making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal, the system comprising:
a coherent receiver configured to receive the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain, the coherent receiver having a narrow bandwidth, less than a bandwidth of the periodic RF signal, wherein the received periodic RF signal comprises a plurality of spectral components over the bandwidth of the periodic RF signal; and a processing unit comprising a processor device and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor device, cause the processing unit to: determine a complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal over the bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstruct a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to transform the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the complex absolute signal. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to:
detect a periodic characteristic in the reconstructed time domain signal; and display the detected periodic characteristic on a display. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions cause the processing unit to determine the complex absolute signal by:
performing a phase response calibration of the receiver to obtain a calibrated phase response; measuring the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using the calibrated phase response; and combining the measured phases of the spectral components with an amplitude calibration of the receiver to provide the complex absolute signal. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising;
a harmonic comb signal generator configured to generate a comb signal, having multiple frequency tones with a known phase relationship, received by the coherent receiver during calibration, wherein the instructions cause the processing unit to perform the phase response calibration by: measuring a phase response of the harmonic comb signal generator using the comb signal; and removing a known phase response of the harmonic comb signal generator from the measured phase response by dividing the measured phase response by the known phase response to provide the calibrated phase response of the coherent receiver. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to:
determine a linear portion of the phases of the spectral components in the complex absolute signal; and subtract out the determined linear portion to center the reconstructed time domain signal at time zero. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to:
add or subtract an arbitrary phase slope to or from the phases of the complex absolute signal to translate the center of the reconstructed time domain signal forward or backward with respect the time zero. 17. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
another coherent receiver configured to receive another periodic RF signal in the frequency domain, the another coherent receiver having a narrow bandwidth, wherein the received another periodic RF signal has a same bandwidth and spectral components as the received periodic RF signal received at the coherent receiver, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to: determine another complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of the spectral components of the another periodic RF signal within the bandwidth of the another periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; reconstruct another time domain signal corresponding to the another periodic RF signal by transforming the another complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain; and determine relative amplitude, phase and/or delays between the reconstructed time domain signal and the another reconstructed time domain signal. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium for making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal received through a single port of a narrowband coherent receiver operating in a frequency domain, the computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute steps comprising:
determining a complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of spectral components of the periodic RF signal over an entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstructing a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions stored thereon cause the processor to determine the complex absolute signal by:
causing a phase response calibration of the receiver to be performed to obtain a calibrated phase response; measuring the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using the calibrated phase response; and combining the measured phases of the spectral components with an amplitude calibration of the receiver to provide the complex absolute signal. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions stored thereon further cause the processor to execute steps comprising:
detecting a periodic characteristic in the reconstructed time domain signal; and causing the detected periodic characteristic to be displayed on a display | A system and method are provided for making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal using a narrowband measurement instrument operating in a frequency domain. The method includes receiving the periodic RF signal at a single port corresponding to a receiver of the measurement instrument; determining a complex absolute signal having amplitudes and phases of spectral components of the periodic RF signal over an entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstructing a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain.1. A method of making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal using a narrowband measurement instrument operating in a frequency domain, the method comprising:
receiving the periodic RF signal at a single port corresponding to a receiver of the measurement instrument; determining a complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of spectral components of the periodic RF signal over an entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstructing a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain comprises performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the complex absolute signal. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a periodic characteristic in the reconstructed time domain signal; and displaying the detected periodic characteristic on a display of the measurement instrument. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the periodic characteristic comprises a pulse. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the complex absolute signal comprises:
performing a phase response calibration of the receiver to obtain a calibrated phase response; measuring the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using the calibrated phase response; measuring the amplitudes of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using a calibrated amplitude response determined by an absolute amplitude calibration of the receiver; and combining the measured phases of the spectral components with the measured amplitudes of the receiver to provide the complex absolute signal. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the phase response calibration comprises:
generating a comb signal with multiple frequency tones using a phase reference device, the frequency tones having a known phase relationship, and applying the comb signal to the receiver; measuring a phase response of the phase reference device at the receiver using the comb signal; and removing a known phase response of the phase reference device from the measured phase response by dividing the measured phase response by the known phase response to provide the calibrated phase response of the receiver. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the phase response calibration enables stitching together the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal over the entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a linear portion of the phases of the spectral components in the complex absolute signal; and subtracting out the determined linear portion to center the reconstructed time domain signal at time zero. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
adding or subtracting an arbitrary phase slope to or from the phases of the complex absolute signal to translate the center of the reconstructed time domain signal forward or backward with respect the time zero. 10. A system operating in a frequency domain for making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal, the system comprising:
a coherent receiver configured to receive the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain, the coherent receiver having a narrow bandwidth, less than a bandwidth of the periodic RF signal, wherein the received periodic RF signal comprises a plurality of spectral components over the bandwidth of the periodic RF signal; and a processing unit comprising a processor device and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor device, cause the processing unit to: determine a complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal over the bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstruct a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to transform the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the complex absolute signal. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to:
detect a periodic characteristic in the reconstructed time domain signal; and display the detected periodic characteristic on a display. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions cause the processing unit to determine the complex absolute signal by:
performing a phase response calibration of the receiver to obtain a calibrated phase response; measuring the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using the calibrated phase response; and combining the measured phases of the spectral components with an amplitude calibration of the receiver to provide the complex absolute signal. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising;
a harmonic comb signal generator configured to generate a comb signal, having multiple frequency tones with a known phase relationship, received by the coherent receiver during calibration, wherein the instructions cause the processing unit to perform the phase response calibration by: measuring a phase response of the harmonic comb signal generator using the comb signal; and removing a known phase response of the harmonic comb signal generator from the measured phase response by dividing the measured phase response by the known phase response to provide the calibrated phase response of the coherent receiver. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to:
determine a linear portion of the phases of the spectral components in the complex absolute signal; and subtract out the determined linear portion to center the reconstructed time domain signal at time zero. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to:
add or subtract an arbitrary phase slope to or from the phases of the complex absolute signal to translate the center of the reconstructed time domain signal forward or backward with respect the time zero. 17. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
another coherent receiver configured to receive another periodic RF signal in the frequency domain, the another coherent receiver having a narrow bandwidth, wherein the received another periodic RF signal has a same bandwidth and spectral components as the received periodic RF signal received at the coherent receiver, wherein the instructions further cause the processing unit to: determine another complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of the spectral components of the another periodic RF signal within the bandwidth of the another periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; reconstruct another time domain signal corresponding to the another periodic RF signal by transforming the another complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain; and determine relative amplitude, phase and/or delays between the reconstructed time domain signal and the another reconstructed time domain signal. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium for making time domain measurements of a wideband periodic radio frequency (RF) signal received through a single port of a narrowband coherent receiver operating in a frequency domain, the computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute steps comprising:
determining a complex absolute signal comprising amplitudes and phases of spectral components of the periodic RF signal over an entire bandwidth of the periodic RF signal in the frequency domain; and reconstructing a time domain signal corresponding to the periodic RF signal by transforming the complex absolute signal from the frequency domain to the time domain. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions stored thereon cause the processor to determine the complex absolute signal by:
causing a phase response calibration of the receiver to be performed to obtain a calibrated phase response; measuring the phases of the spectral components of the periodic RF signal using the calibrated phase response; and combining the measured phases of the spectral components with an amplitude calibration of the receiver to provide the complex absolute signal. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions stored thereon further cause the processor to execute steps comprising:
detecting a periodic characteristic in the reconstructed time domain signal; and causing the detected periodic characteristic to be displayed on a display | 2,800 |
343,870 | 16,803,304 | 2,857 | In some examples, a storage medium stores information relating to reset ports associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs. A controller detects, based on the information, an activation of a first reset port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs. In response to the detecting, the controller provides an indication of the activation of the first reset port to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the first VM. | 1. A system comprising:
a storage medium to store information relating to reset ports associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; and a controller to:
detect, based on the information, an activation of a first reset port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs, and
in response to the detecting, provide an indication of the activation of the first reset port to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the first VM. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection of the activation of the first reset port comprises a detection of a write to a specified address associated with the first reset port. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the specified address is an address of a reset register, and wherein the information relates to reset registers at different address locations for the respective VMs. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the information is to be derived from register information and maps the reset registers to different memory address locations for the respective VMs. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the reset registers are associated with respective virtual functions (VFs) assigned to the respective VMs. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the information further comprises an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table comprising a plurality of reset register address fields associated with the respective VMs, each respective reset register address field of the plurality of reset register address fields containing an address of a corresponding memory address location of the different memory address locations. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the ACPI table further comprises reset values that are to be written to the reset registers to perform resets of the respective VMs. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the ACPI table is a Fixed ACPI Description Table (FADT). 9. The system of claim 3, wherein the reset registers are input/output (I/O) space reset registers. 10. The system of claim 3, wherein the reset registers are memory space reset registers. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the reset ports are keyboard controller reset ports, and the first reset port is one of the keyboard controller reset ports. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is to provide the indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the system without the hypervisor emulating a keyboard controller. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bus, the controller comprising a bus device connected to the bus. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that upon execution cause a controller to:
access information relating to reset registers associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; detect, based on the information, a write of a first reset register associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs; determine whether a specified reset value is written to the first reset register; and in response to the determination that the specified reset value is written to the first reset register, provide a reset indication to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the reset indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the first VM. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the information comprises a register containing an address to derive addresses of the reset registers. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the register is a base address register. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the information comprises addresses of the reset registers in a plurality of segments in a memory. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the information further comprises an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table comprising a plurality of reset register address fields associated with the respective VMs, each respective reset register address field of the plurality of reset register address fields containing an address of a corresponding memory address location including a respective reset register of the reset registers. 19. A method comprising:
detecting, by a controller, an activation of a first keyboard controller reset port of a plurality of keyboard controller reset ports, wherein the detecting is based on information that identifies addresses of the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports that are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; in response to the detecting, providing, by the controller, an indication of the activation of the first keyboard controller reset port to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the indication comprising information indicative of the first VM; and resetting, by the hypervisor in response to the indication, the first VM. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the information comprises:
a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) register containing an address to be used in deriving addresses of the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports, wherein the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports are associated with respective PCI virtual functions provided by the controller; or an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table comprising a plurality of address fields associated with the respective VMs, each respective address field of the plurality of address fields containing an address of a corresponding memory address location including a respective register associated with a respective keyboard controller reset port of the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports. | In some examples, a storage medium stores information relating to reset ports associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs. A controller detects, based on the information, an activation of a first reset port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs. In response to the detecting, the controller provides an indication of the activation of the first reset port to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the first VM.1. A system comprising:
a storage medium to store information relating to reset ports associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; and a controller to:
detect, based on the information, an activation of a first reset port associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs, and
in response to the detecting, provide an indication of the activation of the first reset port to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the first VM. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection of the activation of the first reset port comprises a detection of a write to a specified address associated with the first reset port. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the specified address is an address of a reset register, and wherein the information relates to reset registers at different address locations for the respective VMs. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the information is to be derived from register information and maps the reset registers to different memory address locations for the respective VMs. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the reset registers are associated with respective virtual functions (VFs) assigned to the respective VMs. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the information further comprises an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table comprising a plurality of reset register address fields associated with the respective VMs, each respective reset register address field of the plurality of reset register address fields containing an address of a corresponding memory address location of the different memory address locations. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the ACPI table further comprises reset values that are to be written to the reset registers to perform resets of the respective VMs. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the ACPI table is a Fixed ACPI Description Table (FADT). 9. The system of claim 3, wherein the reset registers are input/output (I/O) space reset registers. 10. The system of claim 3, wherein the reset registers are memory space reset registers. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the reset ports are keyboard controller reset ports, and the first reset port is one of the keyboard controller reset ports. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is to provide the indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the system without the hypervisor emulating a keyboard controller. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bus, the controller comprising a bus device connected to the bus. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that upon execution cause a controller to:
access information relating to reset registers associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; detect, based on the information, a write of a first reset register associated with a first VM of the plurality of VMs; determine whether a specified reset value is written to the first reset register; and in response to the determination that the specified reset value is written to the first reset register, provide a reset indication to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the reset indication to cause the hypervisor to reset the first VM. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the information comprises a register containing an address to derive addresses of the reset registers. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the register is a base address register. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the information comprises addresses of the reset registers in a plurality of segments in a memory. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the information further comprises an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table comprising a plurality of reset register address fields associated with the respective VMs, each respective reset register address field of the plurality of reset register address fields containing an address of a corresponding memory address location including a respective reset register of the reset registers. 19. A method comprising:
detecting, by a controller, an activation of a first keyboard controller reset port of a plurality of keyboard controller reset ports, wherein the detecting is based on information that identifies addresses of the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports that are associated with respective virtual machines (VMs) of a plurality of VMs; in response to the detecting, providing, by the controller, an indication of the activation of the first keyboard controller reset port to a hypervisor that is separate from the controller, the indication comprising information indicative of the first VM; and resetting, by the hypervisor in response to the indication, the first VM. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the information comprises:
a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) register containing an address to be used in deriving addresses of the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports, wherein the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports are associated with respective PCI virtual functions provided by the controller; or an Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) table comprising a plurality of address fields associated with the respective VMs, each respective address field of the plurality of address fields containing an address of a corresponding memory address location including a respective register associated with a respective keyboard controller reset port of the plurality of keyboard controller reset ports. | 2,800 |
343,871 | 16,803,346 | 2,857 | Disclosed is a device for impregnation using electrophoresis, which includes a chassis, a storing unit, a pipeline unit, an injection unit, a bearing tank, a first driver element and a second driver element, wherein the storing unit has several storage tanks storing the materials for impregnation. The pipeline unit has several pipelines connecting the storage tanks and the injection unit. The injection unit has a static mixing tube and an injector, so as to inject said materials for impregnation into the several slide sets located in the bearing tank. The first driver element drives the bearing tank to reciprocate transversely, and the second driver element drives the injection unit to shift up and down. The device can perform impregnation operations automatically, with quick operation and low operational difficulty level, while the prepared gel has high quality stability and yield. | 1. A device for impregnation using electrophoresis comprises:
a chassis; a storing unit located on the chassis, the storing unit comprises a first storage tank, a second storage tank, a third storage tank, a fourth storage tank and a fifth storage tank, wherein the first storage tank stores the liquid acrylamide, the second storage tank stores liquid first agent, the third storage tank stores liquid second agent, the fourth storage tank stores the flattening liquid, the fifth storage tank stores deionized water; a pipeline unit, the pipeline unit comprises a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline, a fifth pipeline, a three-way valve and a sixth pipeline, wherein the first pipeline, the second pipeline, the third pipeline, the fourth pipeline and the fifth pipeline are connected to the first storage tank, the second storage tank, the third storage tank, the fourth storage tank and the fifth storage tank respectively, and the first pipeline, the second pipeline, the third pipeline, the fourth pipeline and the fifth pipeline are provided with a pump respectively; the second pipeline, the third pipeline, and the sixth pipeline are connected to the three-way valve respectively; the three-way valve selectively controls the second pipeline or the third pipeline to connect the sixth pipeline; an injection unit located on the chassis; the injection unit comprises a main bracket, a static mixing tube and an injector; the static mixing tube and the injector are configured on the main bracket upright, and the first pipeline, the fifth pipeline and the sixth pipeline are connected to the static mixing tube respectively, so that the static mixing tube injects the first gel stock solution composed of the acrylamide, the first agent and the deionized water or the second gel stock solution composed of the acrylamide, the second agent and the deionized water into a slide set; the fourth pipeline is connected to the injector, so that the injector injects or sucks the flattening liquid from the slide set; a bearing tank, the bearing tank is located under the static mixing tube and the injector, several embedding grooves are formed upright on both sides of the bearing tank, so that both sides of the slide set slide in the embedding grooves to locate the slide set in the bearing tank; a first driver element located on the chassis, the first driver element is in contact with the bearing tank, so as to drive the bearing tank to reciprocate transversely; a second driver element located on the chassis, the second driver element is in contact with the injection unit, so as to drive the injection unit to shift up and down; and a control unit, the control unit is connected to the pipeline unit, the first driver element and the second driver element for controlling the actuation of the pumps, the three-way valve, the first driver element and the second driver element. 2. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1, wherein the first driver element comprises a first motor, a first driving pulley, a first follow-up pulley and a first timing belt; the control unit controls the first motor; the first driving pulley and the first follow-up pulley are timing belt pulleys, and the first driving pulley and the first follow-up pulley are transversely opposite to each other; the first driving pulley is coupled with the first motor; the first timing belt winds round the first driving pulley and the first follow-up pulley; the midsection of bottom of the bearing tank is in contact with the first timing belt, so that the first timing belt drives the bearing tank to reciprocate transversely. 3. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 2, wherein the chassis is provided with two first guide rods in transverse direction; the bottom of the bearing tank is provided with a pivot joint part, the bearing tank is in contact with the first timing belt via the pivot joint part; the first guide rods penetrate through the pivot joint part respectively, so that the first guide rods support the bearing tank. 4. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 3, wherein the chassis is provided with a first sensor, the first sensor is connected to the control unit, the pivot joint part is provided with a first trigger piece, so that the first sensor perceives the first trigger piece to locate the starting point of displacement stroke of the bearing tank. 5. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 3, wherein the chassis is provided with a baffle upright, the baffle is laterally opposite to the pivot joint part, so that the baffle forms a limit at one end of the displacement stroke of the pivot joint part. 6. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 4, wherein the chassis is provided with a baffle upright, the baffle is laterally opposite to the pivot joint part, so that the baffle forms a limit at one end of the displacement stroke of the pivot joint part. 7. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1, wherein the second driver element comprises a second motor, a second driving pulley, a first dead pulley, a second dead pulley, a second follow-up pulley, a second timing belt and a third timing belt; the control unit controls the second motor; the second driving pulley, the first dead pulley, the second dead pulley and the second follow-up pulley are timing belt pulleys, and the first dead pulley is coaxially connected to the second dead pulley, the second dead pulley is opposite to the second follow-up pulley in vertical direction, the second driving pulley is coupled with the second motor; the second timing belt winds round the second driving pulley and the first dead pulley; the third timing belt winds round the second dead pulley and the second follow-up pulley; the main bracket has an interconnecting piece, the interconnecting piece is in contact with the third timing belt, so that the third timing belt drives the main bracket to reciprocate vertically. 8. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 7, wherein the chassis is provided with two second guide rods in vertical direction, the main bracket has two alar parts, the second guide rods penetrate through the alar parts respectively, so that the second guide rods guide the main bracket to reciprocate up and down. 9. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 7, wherein the chassis is provided with a second sensor, the second sensor is connected to the control unit, the main bracket is provided with a second trigger piece, so that the second sensor perceives the second trigger piece to locate the starting point at the top end of displacement stroke of the main bracket. 10. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 8, wherein the chassis is provided with a second sensor, the second sensor is connected to the control unit, the main bracket is provided with a second trigger piece, so that the second sensor perceives the second trigger piece to locate the starting point at the top end of displacement stroke of the main bracket. 11. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1, wherein the bearing tank is provided with two reclaiming tanks, so as to reclaim the residual materials in the static mixing tube and the injector. 12. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1 has a cabinet, wherein the chassis, the storing unit, the pipeline unit, the injection unit, the bearing tank, the first driver element, the second driver element and the control unit are located in the cabinet, and a movable door is pivoted on the front side of the cabinet. | Disclosed is a device for impregnation using electrophoresis, which includes a chassis, a storing unit, a pipeline unit, an injection unit, a bearing tank, a first driver element and a second driver element, wherein the storing unit has several storage tanks storing the materials for impregnation. The pipeline unit has several pipelines connecting the storage tanks and the injection unit. The injection unit has a static mixing tube and an injector, so as to inject said materials for impregnation into the several slide sets located in the bearing tank. The first driver element drives the bearing tank to reciprocate transversely, and the second driver element drives the injection unit to shift up and down. The device can perform impregnation operations automatically, with quick operation and low operational difficulty level, while the prepared gel has high quality stability and yield.1. A device for impregnation using electrophoresis comprises:
a chassis; a storing unit located on the chassis, the storing unit comprises a first storage tank, a second storage tank, a third storage tank, a fourth storage tank and a fifth storage tank, wherein the first storage tank stores the liquid acrylamide, the second storage tank stores liquid first agent, the third storage tank stores liquid second agent, the fourth storage tank stores the flattening liquid, the fifth storage tank stores deionized water; a pipeline unit, the pipeline unit comprises a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a third pipeline, a fourth pipeline, a fifth pipeline, a three-way valve and a sixth pipeline, wherein the first pipeline, the second pipeline, the third pipeline, the fourth pipeline and the fifth pipeline are connected to the first storage tank, the second storage tank, the third storage tank, the fourth storage tank and the fifth storage tank respectively, and the first pipeline, the second pipeline, the third pipeline, the fourth pipeline and the fifth pipeline are provided with a pump respectively; the second pipeline, the third pipeline, and the sixth pipeline are connected to the three-way valve respectively; the three-way valve selectively controls the second pipeline or the third pipeline to connect the sixth pipeline; an injection unit located on the chassis; the injection unit comprises a main bracket, a static mixing tube and an injector; the static mixing tube and the injector are configured on the main bracket upright, and the first pipeline, the fifth pipeline and the sixth pipeline are connected to the static mixing tube respectively, so that the static mixing tube injects the first gel stock solution composed of the acrylamide, the first agent and the deionized water or the second gel stock solution composed of the acrylamide, the second agent and the deionized water into a slide set; the fourth pipeline is connected to the injector, so that the injector injects or sucks the flattening liquid from the slide set; a bearing tank, the bearing tank is located under the static mixing tube and the injector, several embedding grooves are formed upright on both sides of the bearing tank, so that both sides of the slide set slide in the embedding grooves to locate the slide set in the bearing tank; a first driver element located on the chassis, the first driver element is in contact with the bearing tank, so as to drive the bearing tank to reciprocate transversely; a second driver element located on the chassis, the second driver element is in contact with the injection unit, so as to drive the injection unit to shift up and down; and a control unit, the control unit is connected to the pipeline unit, the first driver element and the second driver element for controlling the actuation of the pumps, the three-way valve, the first driver element and the second driver element. 2. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1, wherein the first driver element comprises a first motor, a first driving pulley, a first follow-up pulley and a first timing belt; the control unit controls the first motor; the first driving pulley and the first follow-up pulley are timing belt pulleys, and the first driving pulley and the first follow-up pulley are transversely opposite to each other; the first driving pulley is coupled with the first motor; the first timing belt winds round the first driving pulley and the first follow-up pulley; the midsection of bottom of the bearing tank is in contact with the first timing belt, so that the first timing belt drives the bearing tank to reciprocate transversely. 3. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 2, wherein the chassis is provided with two first guide rods in transverse direction; the bottom of the bearing tank is provided with a pivot joint part, the bearing tank is in contact with the first timing belt via the pivot joint part; the first guide rods penetrate through the pivot joint part respectively, so that the first guide rods support the bearing tank. 4. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 3, wherein the chassis is provided with a first sensor, the first sensor is connected to the control unit, the pivot joint part is provided with a first trigger piece, so that the first sensor perceives the first trigger piece to locate the starting point of displacement stroke of the bearing tank. 5. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 3, wherein the chassis is provided with a baffle upright, the baffle is laterally opposite to the pivot joint part, so that the baffle forms a limit at one end of the displacement stroke of the pivot joint part. 6. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 4, wherein the chassis is provided with a baffle upright, the baffle is laterally opposite to the pivot joint part, so that the baffle forms a limit at one end of the displacement stroke of the pivot joint part. 7. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1, wherein the second driver element comprises a second motor, a second driving pulley, a first dead pulley, a second dead pulley, a second follow-up pulley, a second timing belt and a third timing belt; the control unit controls the second motor; the second driving pulley, the first dead pulley, the second dead pulley and the second follow-up pulley are timing belt pulleys, and the first dead pulley is coaxially connected to the second dead pulley, the second dead pulley is opposite to the second follow-up pulley in vertical direction, the second driving pulley is coupled with the second motor; the second timing belt winds round the second driving pulley and the first dead pulley; the third timing belt winds round the second dead pulley and the second follow-up pulley; the main bracket has an interconnecting piece, the interconnecting piece is in contact with the third timing belt, so that the third timing belt drives the main bracket to reciprocate vertically. 8. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 7, wherein the chassis is provided with two second guide rods in vertical direction, the main bracket has two alar parts, the second guide rods penetrate through the alar parts respectively, so that the second guide rods guide the main bracket to reciprocate up and down. 9. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 7, wherein the chassis is provided with a second sensor, the second sensor is connected to the control unit, the main bracket is provided with a second trigger piece, so that the second sensor perceives the second trigger piece to locate the starting point at the top end of displacement stroke of the main bracket. 10. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 8, wherein the chassis is provided with a second sensor, the second sensor is connected to the control unit, the main bracket is provided with a second trigger piece, so that the second sensor perceives the second trigger piece to locate the starting point at the top end of displacement stroke of the main bracket. 11. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1, wherein the bearing tank is provided with two reclaiming tanks, so as to reclaim the residual materials in the static mixing tube and the injector. 12. The device for impregnation using electrophoresis defined in claim 1 has a cabinet, wherein the chassis, the storing unit, the pipeline unit, the injection unit, the bearing tank, the first driver element, the second driver element and the control unit are located in the cabinet, and a movable door is pivoted on the front side of the cabinet. | 2,800 |
343,872 | 16,803,322 | 2,857 | There is provided a shuffled playing card, wherein a suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, and a back pattern is printed on another surface, different sheet IDs for one card base sheet or each of a plurality of card base sheets are printed on the card base sheet, one deck or a plurality of decks are formed by individual cards cut by a cutting machine from the card base sheet, the one deck or the plurality of decks are shuffled by a shuffle machine to form a set of shuffled playing cards, different shuffled playing card IDs for each set are assigned to the shuffled playing card as ID codes, and the sheet ID of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card and the shuffled playing card ID are associated with each other in a database. | 1. A shuffled playing card, wherein:
a suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, and a back pattern is printed on another surface, different sheet IDs for one card base sheet or each of a plurality of card base sheets are printed on the card base sheet, one deck or a plurality of decks are formed by individual cards cut by a cutting machine from the card base sheet, the one deck or the plurality of decks are shuffled by a shuffle machine to form a set of shuffled playing cards, different shuffled playing card IDs for each set are assigned to the shuffled playing card as ID codes, and the sheet ID of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card and the shuffled playing card ID are associated with each other in a database. 2. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card is specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from the sheet ID. 3. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed on one or a plurality of shuffled playing cards constituting a set of decks. 4. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed with ink invisible under a normal condition. 5. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed with a transparent UV ink. 6. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID of the card base sheet is associated with one or both of recording of a printing date on the card base sheet and recording of a cut date on the individual playing cards in the database. 7. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, a printing plate of the suit and the rank used for the card base sheet is specifiable from the sheet ID, and if the individual cards are specified, a position or positions of the corresponding suit and rank on the card base sheet are specifiable. 8. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed on a site other than a card constituting the set of decks on the card base sheet, but the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID. 9. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein:
the suits or the ranks corresponding to the plurality of decks are printed on one card base sheet, a common back pattern is printed on the other surface, and different sheet IDs for each deck are printed on the set of the plurality of decks, the sheet IDs for each deck of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from different sheet IDs for each deck. 10. A shuffled playing card, wherein:
a suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, and a back pattern is printed on another surface, one or each of a plurality of card base sheets have different sheet IDs, one deck or a plurality of decks are formed by individual cards cut by a cutting machine from the card base sheet, the one deck or the plurality of decks are shuffled by a shuffle machine to form a set of shuffled playing cards, the sheet ID is printed on each of the individual cards, and the card base sheet is specifiable from the sheet ID printed on the individual card. 11. The shuffled playing card according to claim 10, wherein:
different shuffled playing card IDs for each set are assigned to the shuffled playing card as ID codes, and the sheet ID of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card and the shuffled playing card ID are associated with each other in a database. 12. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from the sheet ID. 13. The shuffled playing card according to claim 10, wherein the sheet ID is printed with ink invisible under a normal condition. 14. The shuffled playing card according to claim 10, wherein the sheet ID is printed with a transparent UV ink. 15. The shuffled playing card according claim 10, wherein the sheet ID of the card base sheet is associated with one or both of recording of a printing date on the card base sheet and recording of a cut date on the individual playing card in the database. 16. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, a printing plate of the suit and the rank used for the card base sheet is specifiable from the sheet ID, and if the individual cards are specified, a position or positions of the corresponding suit and rank on the card base sheet are specifiable. 17. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein the sheet ID is printed on a site other than a card constituting the set of decks on the card base sheet, but the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID. 18. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein:
suits or ranks corresponding to the plurality of decks are printed on one card base sheet, a common back pattern is printed on another surface, and different sheet IDs for each deck are printed on the set of the plurality of decks, the sheet IDs for each deck of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from different sheet IDs for each deck. 19. A method of manufacturing a playing card, comprising:
a printing step of printing a suit and a rank on one surface of a card base sheet and printing a back pattern on another surface; a sheet ID assigning step of printing different sheet IDs for one card base sheet or each of a plurality of card base sheets on the card base sheet; and a cutting step of cutting the card base sheet having undergone the printing step and the sheet ID assigning step into individual cards by a cutting machine; a step of producing one deck or a plurality of decks from the card base sheet; a shuffling step of shuffling the one deck or the plurality of decks by a shuffle machine to produce a set of shuffled playing cards; a packaging step of packaging a set of shuffled playing cards having undergone the shuffling step; an ID assigning step of assigning a shuffled playing card ID as an ID code to the set of shuffled playing cards by generating different shuffled playing card IDs for each set of shuffled playing cards; and a database producing step of storing the shuffled playing card ID and the sheet ID assigned to the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card by associating the shuffled playing card ID and the sheet ID with each other in database. 20. The method of manufacturing a playing card according to claim 19, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card is specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and he shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from the sheet ID. 21-28. (canceled) | There is provided a shuffled playing card, wherein a suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, and a back pattern is printed on another surface, different sheet IDs for one card base sheet or each of a plurality of card base sheets are printed on the card base sheet, one deck or a plurality of decks are formed by individual cards cut by a cutting machine from the card base sheet, the one deck or the plurality of decks are shuffled by a shuffle machine to form a set of shuffled playing cards, different shuffled playing card IDs for each set are assigned to the shuffled playing card as ID codes, and the sheet ID of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card and the shuffled playing card ID are associated with each other in a database.1. A shuffled playing card, wherein:
a suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, and a back pattern is printed on another surface, different sheet IDs for one card base sheet or each of a plurality of card base sheets are printed on the card base sheet, one deck or a plurality of decks are formed by individual cards cut by a cutting machine from the card base sheet, the one deck or the plurality of decks are shuffled by a shuffle machine to form a set of shuffled playing cards, different shuffled playing card IDs for each set are assigned to the shuffled playing card as ID codes, and the sheet ID of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card and the shuffled playing card ID are associated with each other in a database. 2. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card is specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from the sheet ID. 3. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed on one or a plurality of shuffled playing cards constituting a set of decks. 4. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed with ink invisible under a normal condition. 5. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed with a transparent UV ink. 6. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID of the card base sheet is associated with one or both of recording of a printing date on the card base sheet and recording of a cut date on the individual playing cards in the database. 7. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, a printing plate of the suit and the rank used for the card base sheet is specifiable from the sheet ID, and if the individual cards are specified, a position or positions of the corresponding suit and rank on the card base sheet are specifiable. 8. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ID is printed on a site other than a card constituting the set of decks on the card base sheet, but the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID. 9. The shuffled playing card according to claim 1, wherein:
the suits or the ranks corresponding to the plurality of decks are printed on one card base sheet, a common back pattern is printed on the other surface, and different sheet IDs for each deck are printed on the set of the plurality of decks, the sheet IDs for each deck of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from different sheet IDs for each deck. 10. A shuffled playing card, wherein:
a suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, and a back pattern is printed on another surface, one or each of a plurality of card base sheets have different sheet IDs, one deck or a plurality of decks are formed by individual cards cut by a cutting machine from the card base sheet, the one deck or the plurality of decks are shuffled by a shuffle machine to form a set of shuffled playing cards, the sheet ID is printed on each of the individual cards, and the card base sheet is specifiable from the sheet ID printed on the individual card. 11. The shuffled playing card according to claim 10, wherein:
different shuffled playing card IDs for each set are assigned to the shuffled playing card as ID codes, and the sheet ID of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card and the shuffled playing card ID are associated with each other in a database. 12. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from the sheet ID. 13. The shuffled playing card according to claim 10, wherein the sheet ID is printed with ink invisible under a normal condition. 14. The shuffled playing card according to claim 10, wherein the sheet ID is printed with a transparent UV ink. 15. The shuffled playing card according claim 10, wherein the sheet ID of the card base sheet is associated with one or both of recording of a printing date on the card base sheet and recording of a cut date on the individual playing card in the database. 16. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, a printing plate of the suit and the rank used for the card base sheet is specifiable from the sheet ID, and if the individual cards are specified, a position or positions of the corresponding suit and rank on the card base sheet are specifiable. 17. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein the sheet ID is printed on a site other than a card constituting the set of decks on the card base sheet, but the sheet ID or the sheet IDs associated in the database are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID. 18. The shuffled playing card according to claim 11, wherein:
suits or ranks corresponding to the plurality of decks are printed on one card base sheet, a common back pattern is printed on another surface, and different sheet IDs for each deck are printed on the set of the plurality of decks, the sheet IDs for each deck of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card are specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and the shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from different sheet IDs for each deck. 19. A method of manufacturing a playing card, comprising:
a printing step of printing a suit and a rank on one surface of a card base sheet and printing a back pattern on another surface; a sheet ID assigning step of printing different sheet IDs for one card base sheet or each of a plurality of card base sheets on the card base sheet; and a cutting step of cutting the card base sheet having undergone the printing step and the sheet ID assigning step into individual cards by a cutting machine; a step of producing one deck or a plurality of decks from the card base sheet; a shuffling step of shuffling the one deck or the plurality of decks by a shuffle machine to produce a set of shuffled playing cards; a packaging step of packaging a set of shuffled playing cards having undergone the shuffling step; an ID assigning step of assigning a shuffled playing card ID as an ID code to the set of shuffled playing cards by generating different shuffled playing card IDs for each set of shuffled playing cards; and a database producing step of storing the shuffled playing card ID and the sheet ID assigned to the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card by associating the shuffled playing card ID and the sheet ID with each other in database. 20. The method of manufacturing a playing card according to claim 19, wherein:
the sheet ID or the sheet IDs of the playing card constituting the shuffled playing card is specifiable from the shuffled playing card ID, and he shuffled playing card ID is singularly specifiable from the sheet ID. 21-28. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,873 | 16,803,333 | 2,857 | A clamping assembly for supporting a tubular object accessing a through-hole in a panel includes a clamp and a retainer configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a first side and a second side, respectively, of the through-hole. The clamp and retainer respectively include at least one clamp lock mechanism and at least one retainer lock mechanism configured to move between a respective open position and a respective closed position. The clamp includes at least one clamp hook configured to engage with the at least one retainer hole in the retainer in a snap-fit relation when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position at the first side and second side, respectively, of the through-hole. A method of supporting a tubular object and an aircraft having the clamping assembly are also disclosed. | 1. A clamping assembly for supporting a tubular object accessing a through-hole in a panel, the clamping assembly comprising:
a clamp configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a first side of the through-hole; a retainer configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a second side of the through-hole, the clamp and the retainer each defining a respective open position and a respective closed position; wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp lock mechanism configured to move the clamp between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes at least one retainer lock mechanism configured to move the retainer between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes a rim portion having at least one retainer hole; and wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp hook configured to engage with the at least one retainer hole in a snap-fit relation when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position at the first side and second side, respectively, of the through-hole. 2. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one clamp hook includes an inclined surface contiguous with a hook base; and the hook base is configured to extend over the retainer when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position. 3. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the panel comprises a floor beam in an aircraft and the tubular object is a fuel line. 4. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the rim portion of the retainer includes a plurality of cutouts, the plurality of cutouts being spaced apart and having a predefined size and a predefined shape. 5. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the clamp includes a clamp base portion and a plurality of membranes extending radially outward from the clamp base portion, the plurality of membranes being spaced apart in a circumferential direction; and the plurality of membranes is configured to be sufficiently resilient to accommodate different thicknesses of the panel. 6. The clamping assembly of claim 5, wherein:
the plurality of membranes defines a respective membrane angle between a respective first surface and a reference line parallel to the panel; and the respective membrane angle is between about 15 and 30 degrees. 7. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the clamp includes a flexible clamp joint between a first clamp base and a second clamp base, the flexible clamp joint being configured to allow bending of the clamp; and the retainer includes a flexible retainer joint between a first retainer base and a second retainer base, the flexible retainer joint being configured to allow bending of the retainer. 8. The clamping assembly of claim 7, wherein:
the first clamp base defines a first end and the second clamp base defines a second end, the first end and the second end being distal to the flexible clamp joint; the at least one clamp lock mechanism includes a primary clamp lock mechanism characterized by a first latch and a first slot, the first latch extending from the first end and the first slot being located on the second end; and the first latch is configured to engage with the first slot when the clamp is in the respective closed position such that the clamp fully encircles the tubular object at the first side of the through-hole. 9. The clamping assembly of claim 8, wherein:
the at least one clamp lock mechanism includes a secondary clamp lock mechanism characterized by a first locking tab and a first groove, the first locking tab being configured to interlock with the first groove when the clamp is in the respective closed position; the first locking tab extends from the first end of the first clamp base, the first locking tab being positioned radially outward of the first latch; and the first groove is located at the second end of the second clamp base, the first groove being positioned radially outward of the first slot. 10. The clamping assembly of claim 8, wherein:
the first retainer base defines a first edge and the second retainer base defines a second edge, the first edge and the second edge being distal to the flexible retainer joint; the at least one retainer lock mechanism includes a primary retainer lock mechanism characterized by a second latch and a second slot, the second latch extending from the first edge and the second slot being located on the second edge; and the second latch is configured to engage with the second slot when the retainer is in the respective closed position such that the retainer fully encircles the tubular object at the second side of the through-hole. 11. The clamping assembly of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one retainer lock mechanism includes a secondary retainer lock mechanism characterized by a second locking tab and a second groove, the second locking tab being configured to interlock with the second groove when the retainer is in the respective closed position; the second locking tab extends from the first edge of the first retainer base, the second locking tab being radially outwards of the second latch; and the second groove is located at the second end of the second retainer base, the second groove being radially outwards of the second slot. 12. The clamping assembly of claim 10, wherein:
the rim portion of the retainer includes a first rim portion and a second rim portion separated by a gap, the first rim portion extending radially outwards from the first retainer base and the second rim portion extending radially outwards from the second retainer base. 13. A method for supporting a tubular object accessing a through-hole in a panel, the method comprising:
positioning a clamp in a respective open position at least partially around the tubular object on a first side of the through-hole, the clamp having least one clamp hook; moving the clamp into a respective closed position at the first side of the through-hole via at least one clamp lock mechanism; positioning a retainer in the respective open position at least partially around the tubular object on a second side of the through-hole, the retainer having at least one retainer hole; moving the retainer into the respective closed position at the second side of the through-hole via at least one retainer lock mechanism; and aligning the at least one retainer hole with the at least one clamp hook and pushing the retainer towards the clamp until the at least one clamp hook is engaged with the at least one retainer hole in a snap-fit relation. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a plurality of membranes radially outward from a clamp base portion of the clamp, the plurality of membranes being spaced apart in a circumferential direction; and adapting the plurality of membranes to be sufficiently resilient to accommodate different thicknesses of the panel. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a flexible clamp joint in the clamp between a first clamp base and a second clamp base, the flexible clamp joint being configured to allow bending of the clamp; and positioning a flexible retainer joint in the retainer between a first retainer base and a second retainer base, the flexible retainer joint being configured to allow bending of the retainer. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
including a primary clamp lock mechanism in the at least one clamp lock mechanism, the primary clamp lock mechanism being characterized by a first latch extending from a first end of the first clamp base and a first slot located on a second end of the second clamp base, the first end and the second end being distal to the flexible clamp joint; engaging the first latch with the first slot when the clamp is in the respective closed position such that the clamp fully encircles the tubular object at the first side of the through-hole; including a primary retainer lock mechanism in the at least one retainer lock mechanism, the primary retainer lock mechanism being characterized by a second latch extending from a first edge of the first retainer base and a second slot located on a second edge of the second retainer base, the first edge and the second edge being distal to the flexible retainer joint; and engaging the second latch with the second slot when the retainer is in the respective closed position such that the retainer fully encircles the tubular object at the second side of the through-hole. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
including a secondary clamp lock mechanism in the at least one clamp lock mechanism, the secondary clamp lock mechanism being characterized by a first locking tab extending from the first end of the first clamp base and a first groove located at the second end of the second clamp base, the first locking tab and the first groove being respectively radially outwards of the first latch and the first slot; interlocking the first locking tab with the first groove when the clamp is in the respective closed position; including a secondary retainer lock mechanism in the at least one retainer lock mechanism, the secondary retainer lock mechanism being characterized by a second locking tab extending from the first end of the first retainer base and a second groove located at the second end of the second retainer base, the second locking tab and the second groove being respectively radially outwards of the second latch and the second slot; and interlocking the second locking tab with the second groove when the retainer is in the respective closed position. 18. An aircraft comprising:
a floor beam having a through-hole; spaced apart; a tubular object configured to pierce the respective through-hole; a clamping assembly for supporting the tubular object, the clamping assembly including a clamp configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a first side of the through-hole and a retainer configured to be positioned around the tubular object on a second side of the through-hole; wherein the clamp and the retainer each define a respective open position and a respective closed position; wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp lock mechanism configured to move the clamp between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes at least one retainer lock mechanism configured to move the retainer between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes a rim portion having at least one retainer hole; and wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp hook configured to engage with the at least one retainer hole in a snap-fit relation when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position at the first side and second side, respectively, of the respective through-hole. 19. The aircraft of claim 18, wherein:
the clamp includes a clamp base portion and a plurality of membranes extending radially outward from the clamp base portion, the plurality of membranes being spaced apart in a circumferential direction; and the plurality of membranes is configured to be sufficiently resilient to accommodate different thicknesses of the one or more floor beams. 20. The aircraft of claim 18, wherein:
the clamp includes a flexible clamp joint between a first clamp base and a second clamp base, the flexible clamp joint being configured to allow bending of the clamp; and the retainer includes a flexible retainer joint between a first retainer base and a second retainer base, the flexible retainer joint being configured to allow bending of the retainer. | A clamping assembly for supporting a tubular object accessing a through-hole in a panel includes a clamp and a retainer configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a first side and a second side, respectively, of the through-hole. The clamp and retainer respectively include at least one clamp lock mechanism and at least one retainer lock mechanism configured to move between a respective open position and a respective closed position. The clamp includes at least one clamp hook configured to engage with the at least one retainer hole in the retainer in a snap-fit relation when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position at the first side and second side, respectively, of the through-hole. A method of supporting a tubular object and an aircraft having the clamping assembly are also disclosed.1. A clamping assembly for supporting a tubular object accessing a through-hole in a panel, the clamping assembly comprising:
a clamp configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a first side of the through-hole; a retainer configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a second side of the through-hole, the clamp and the retainer each defining a respective open position and a respective closed position; wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp lock mechanism configured to move the clamp between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes at least one retainer lock mechanism configured to move the retainer between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes a rim portion having at least one retainer hole; and wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp hook configured to engage with the at least one retainer hole in a snap-fit relation when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position at the first side and second side, respectively, of the through-hole. 2. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one clamp hook includes an inclined surface contiguous with a hook base; and the hook base is configured to extend over the retainer when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position. 3. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the panel comprises a floor beam in an aircraft and the tubular object is a fuel line. 4. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the rim portion of the retainer includes a plurality of cutouts, the plurality of cutouts being spaced apart and having a predefined size and a predefined shape. 5. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the clamp includes a clamp base portion and a plurality of membranes extending radially outward from the clamp base portion, the plurality of membranes being spaced apart in a circumferential direction; and the plurality of membranes is configured to be sufficiently resilient to accommodate different thicknesses of the panel. 6. The clamping assembly of claim 5, wherein:
the plurality of membranes defines a respective membrane angle between a respective first surface and a reference line parallel to the panel; and the respective membrane angle is between about 15 and 30 degrees. 7. The clamping assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the clamp includes a flexible clamp joint between a first clamp base and a second clamp base, the flexible clamp joint being configured to allow bending of the clamp; and the retainer includes a flexible retainer joint between a first retainer base and a second retainer base, the flexible retainer joint being configured to allow bending of the retainer. 8. The clamping assembly of claim 7, wherein:
the first clamp base defines a first end and the second clamp base defines a second end, the first end and the second end being distal to the flexible clamp joint; the at least one clamp lock mechanism includes a primary clamp lock mechanism characterized by a first latch and a first slot, the first latch extending from the first end and the first slot being located on the second end; and the first latch is configured to engage with the first slot when the clamp is in the respective closed position such that the clamp fully encircles the tubular object at the first side of the through-hole. 9. The clamping assembly of claim 8, wherein:
the at least one clamp lock mechanism includes a secondary clamp lock mechanism characterized by a first locking tab and a first groove, the first locking tab being configured to interlock with the first groove when the clamp is in the respective closed position; the first locking tab extends from the first end of the first clamp base, the first locking tab being positioned radially outward of the first latch; and the first groove is located at the second end of the second clamp base, the first groove being positioned radially outward of the first slot. 10. The clamping assembly of claim 8, wherein:
the first retainer base defines a first edge and the second retainer base defines a second edge, the first edge and the second edge being distal to the flexible retainer joint; the at least one retainer lock mechanism includes a primary retainer lock mechanism characterized by a second latch and a second slot, the second latch extending from the first edge and the second slot being located on the second edge; and the second latch is configured to engage with the second slot when the retainer is in the respective closed position such that the retainer fully encircles the tubular object at the second side of the through-hole. 11. The clamping assembly of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one retainer lock mechanism includes a secondary retainer lock mechanism characterized by a second locking tab and a second groove, the second locking tab being configured to interlock with the second groove when the retainer is in the respective closed position; the second locking tab extends from the first edge of the first retainer base, the second locking tab being radially outwards of the second latch; and the second groove is located at the second end of the second retainer base, the second groove being radially outwards of the second slot. 12. The clamping assembly of claim 10, wherein:
the rim portion of the retainer includes a first rim portion and a second rim portion separated by a gap, the first rim portion extending radially outwards from the first retainer base and the second rim portion extending radially outwards from the second retainer base. 13. A method for supporting a tubular object accessing a through-hole in a panel, the method comprising:
positioning a clamp in a respective open position at least partially around the tubular object on a first side of the through-hole, the clamp having least one clamp hook; moving the clamp into a respective closed position at the first side of the through-hole via at least one clamp lock mechanism; positioning a retainer in the respective open position at least partially around the tubular object on a second side of the through-hole, the retainer having at least one retainer hole; moving the retainer into the respective closed position at the second side of the through-hole via at least one retainer lock mechanism; and aligning the at least one retainer hole with the at least one clamp hook and pushing the retainer towards the clamp until the at least one clamp hook is engaged with the at least one retainer hole in a snap-fit relation. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a plurality of membranes radially outward from a clamp base portion of the clamp, the plurality of membranes being spaced apart in a circumferential direction; and adapting the plurality of membranes to be sufficiently resilient to accommodate different thicknesses of the panel. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a flexible clamp joint in the clamp between a first clamp base and a second clamp base, the flexible clamp joint being configured to allow bending of the clamp; and positioning a flexible retainer joint in the retainer between a first retainer base and a second retainer base, the flexible retainer joint being configured to allow bending of the retainer. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
including a primary clamp lock mechanism in the at least one clamp lock mechanism, the primary clamp lock mechanism being characterized by a first latch extending from a first end of the first clamp base and a first slot located on a second end of the second clamp base, the first end and the second end being distal to the flexible clamp joint; engaging the first latch with the first slot when the clamp is in the respective closed position such that the clamp fully encircles the tubular object at the first side of the through-hole; including a primary retainer lock mechanism in the at least one retainer lock mechanism, the primary retainer lock mechanism being characterized by a second latch extending from a first edge of the first retainer base and a second slot located on a second edge of the second retainer base, the first edge and the second edge being distal to the flexible retainer joint; and engaging the second latch with the second slot when the retainer is in the respective closed position such that the retainer fully encircles the tubular object at the second side of the through-hole. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
including a secondary clamp lock mechanism in the at least one clamp lock mechanism, the secondary clamp lock mechanism being characterized by a first locking tab extending from the first end of the first clamp base and a first groove located at the second end of the second clamp base, the first locking tab and the first groove being respectively radially outwards of the first latch and the first slot; interlocking the first locking tab with the first groove when the clamp is in the respective closed position; including a secondary retainer lock mechanism in the at least one retainer lock mechanism, the secondary retainer lock mechanism being characterized by a second locking tab extending from the first end of the first retainer base and a second groove located at the second end of the second retainer base, the second locking tab and the second groove being respectively radially outwards of the second latch and the second slot; and interlocking the second locking tab with the second groove when the retainer is in the respective closed position. 18. An aircraft comprising:
a floor beam having a through-hole; spaced apart; a tubular object configured to pierce the respective through-hole; a clamping assembly for supporting the tubular object, the clamping assembly including a clamp configured to be positioned at least partially around the tubular object on a first side of the through-hole and a retainer configured to be positioned around the tubular object on a second side of the through-hole; wherein the clamp and the retainer each define a respective open position and a respective closed position; wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp lock mechanism configured to move the clamp between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes at least one retainer lock mechanism configured to move the retainer between the respective open position and the respective closed position; wherein the retainer includes a rim portion having at least one retainer hole; and wherein the clamp includes at least one clamp hook configured to engage with the at least one retainer hole in a snap-fit relation when the clamp and the retainer are in the respective closed position at the first side and second side, respectively, of the respective through-hole. 19. The aircraft of claim 18, wherein:
the clamp includes a clamp base portion and a plurality of membranes extending radially outward from the clamp base portion, the plurality of membranes being spaced apart in a circumferential direction; and the plurality of membranes is configured to be sufficiently resilient to accommodate different thicknesses of the one or more floor beams. 20. The aircraft of claim 18, wherein:
the clamp includes a flexible clamp joint between a first clamp base and a second clamp base, the flexible clamp joint being configured to allow bending of the clamp; and the retainer includes a flexible retainer joint between a first retainer base and a second retainer base, the flexible retainer joint being configured to allow bending of the retainer. | 2,800 |
343,874 | 16,803,339 | 2,857 | A magnetic disk device includes a magnetic disk, a first read element, a second read element, and a controller. In the magnetic disk, first servo information is written. The controller controls the servo writing of second servo information on the magnetic disk, based on the first servo information. In addition, the controller controls acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element. The controller switches a read element to be used to control the servo writing from the first read element to the second read element based on quality of the first servo information acquired by the first read element. | 1. (canceled) 2. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a magnetic disk on which first servo information is written; a first read element; a second read element; and a controller configured to:
acquire the first servo information using the first read element,
count a number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element,
based on a comparison between the number of error occurrences and a first threshold, switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the second read element, and
control servo writing of second servo information onto the magnetic disk based on either the first servo information as acquired by the first read element or, if the controller switched to the second read element, the first servo information as acquired by the second read element. 3. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage areas arranged in a radial direction, and for each of the plurality of storage areas, the controller is configured to count the number of error occurrences during the acquisition of the first servo information and compare the number of error occurrences to the first threshold. 4. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein the controller is further configured to change the first threshold. 5. The magnetic disk device according to claim 4,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a first storage area and a second storage area arranged in a radial direction, and the controller changes the first threshold when a storage area on which the servo writing of the second servo information is to be carried out is changed between the first storage area and the second storage area. 6. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein when a gap between a position of the second read element and a position of the first read element is larger than a second threshold, the controller is allowed to switch to the second read element, and when the gap is smaller than the second threshold, the controller is prohibited from switching to the second read element. 7. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2, further comprising:
an actuator arm that moves relative to the magnetic disk, wherein the first read element and the second read element are attached to positions separated from each other at a tip portion of the actuator arm. 8. The magnetic disk device according to claim 7,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when a skew angle of the tip portion is within a first range of values, switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the second read element, and
when the skew angle is in a second range that is outside of the first range, not switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the first read element. 9. The magnetic disk device according to claim 8,
wherein the first range is a range of possible skew angle values at which a gap in a radial direction of the magnetic disk between a first position facing the first read element and a second position facing the second read element is larger than a second threshold, and the second range is a range of possible skew angle values at which the gap is smaller than the second threshold. 10. The magnetic disk device according to claim 7,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when the tip portion is in a first range of radial positions of the magnetic disk, switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the second read element, and
when the tip portion is in a second range that is outside of the first range of radial positions of the magnetic disk, not switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the first read element, the first range being set on each of an inner diameter side and an outer diameter side of the magnetic disk with respect to the second range. 11. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage areas arranged in a radial direction, and for one of the storage areas, the controller is configured to:
acquire the first servo information using the first and second read elements,
count a first number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element and count a second number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the second read element,
based on a comparison between the first number and the second number, select one of the first read element and the second read element, and
control the servo writing of the second servo information onto said one of the storage areas of the magnetic disk based on the first servo information as acquired by the selected read element. 12. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a magnetic disk having a storage area on which first servo information is written; a first read element; a second read element; and a controller configured to:
acquire the first servo information with respect to an entire storage area of the magnetic disk using the first and second read elements,
select one of the first read element and the second read element based on a quality of the first servo information as acquired by the first read element and a quality of the first servo information as acquired by the second read element, and
control servo writing of second servo information onto the magnetic disk based on the first servo information as acquired by the selected read element with respect to the entire storage area. 13. The magnetic disk device according to claim 12,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
count a first number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element and count a second number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the second read element, and
select one of the first read element and the second read element based on a comparison between the first number and the second number. 14. The magnetic disk device according to claim 12, further comprising:
an actuator arm that moves relative to the magnetic disk, wherein the first read element and the second read element are attached to positions separated from each other at a tip portion of the actuator arm. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A method, comprising:
selecting a first positioning signal from a first read element on a magnetic head of a magnetic disk device or a second positioning signal from a second read element on the magnetic head; moving the magnetic head to a servo write target track on a magnetic disk of the magnetic disk device; demodulating a first read signal from the first read element to acquire the first positioning signal and demodulating a second read signal from the second read element to acquire the second positioning signal when the first read element and the second read element cross a first pattern of first servo information; determining whether a number of error occurrences in acquiring the selected positioning signal exceeds a threshold; and switching the positioning signal used to control servo writing of second servo information in a second servo pattern on the magnetic disk when the number of error occurrences exceeds the threshold. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
setting the threshold subsequent to acquiring the first positioning signal and the second positioning signal. 20. The method according to claim 18,
wherein the first read element and the second read element are attached to positions separated from each other at a tip portion of an actuator arm that moves relative to the magnetic disk, the method further comprising: switching the read element used to control the servo writing when a skew angle of the tip portion is within a first range of values and not switching the read element used to control the servo writing when the skew angle is within a second range that is outside of the first range, wherein the first range is a range of possible skew angle values at which a gap in a radial direction of the magnetic disk between a first position facing the first read element and a second position facing the second read element is larger than a second threshold, and the second range is a range of possible skew angle values at which the gap is smaller than the second threshold. | A magnetic disk device includes a magnetic disk, a first read element, a second read element, and a controller. In the magnetic disk, first servo information is written. The controller controls the servo writing of second servo information on the magnetic disk, based on the first servo information. In addition, the controller controls acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element. The controller switches a read element to be used to control the servo writing from the first read element to the second read element based on quality of the first servo information acquired by the first read element.1. (canceled) 2. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a magnetic disk on which first servo information is written; a first read element; a second read element; and a controller configured to:
acquire the first servo information using the first read element,
count a number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element,
based on a comparison between the number of error occurrences and a first threshold, switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the second read element, and
control servo writing of second servo information onto the magnetic disk based on either the first servo information as acquired by the first read element or, if the controller switched to the second read element, the first servo information as acquired by the second read element. 3. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage areas arranged in a radial direction, and for each of the plurality of storage areas, the controller is configured to count the number of error occurrences during the acquisition of the first servo information and compare the number of error occurrences to the first threshold. 4. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein the controller is further configured to change the first threshold. 5. The magnetic disk device according to claim 4,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a first storage area and a second storage area arranged in a radial direction, and the controller changes the first threshold when a storage area on which the servo writing of the second servo information is to be carried out is changed between the first storage area and the second storage area. 6. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein when a gap between a position of the second read element and a position of the first read element is larger than a second threshold, the controller is allowed to switch to the second read element, and when the gap is smaller than the second threshold, the controller is prohibited from switching to the second read element. 7. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2, further comprising:
an actuator arm that moves relative to the magnetic disk, wherein the first read element and the second read element are attached to positions separated from each other at a tip portion of the actuator arm. 8. The magnetic disk device according to claim 7,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when a skew angle of the tip portion is within a first range of values, switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the second read element, and
when the skew angle is in a second range that is outside of the first range, not switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the first read element. 9. The magnetic disk device according to claim 8,
wherein the first range is a range of possible skew angle values at which a gap in a radial direction of the magnetic disk between a first position facing the first read element and a second position facing the second read element is larger than a second threshold, and the second range is a range of possible skew angle values at which the gap is smaller than the second threshold. 10. The magnetic disk device according to claim 7,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when the tip portion is in a first range of radial positions of the magnetic disk, switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the second read element, and
when the tip portion is in a second range that is outside of the first range of radial positions of the magnetic disk, not switch to the second read element and acquire the first servo information using the first read element, the first range being set on each of an inner diameter side and an outer diameter side of the magnetic disk with respect to the second range. 11. The magnetic disk device according to claim 2,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage areas arranged in a radial direction, and for one of the storage areas, the controller is configured to:
acquire the first servo information using the first and second read elements,
count a first number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element and count a second number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the second read element,
based on a comparison between the first number and the second number, select one of the first read element and the second read element, and
control the servo writing of the second servo information onto said one of the storage areas of the magnetic disk based on the first servo information as acquired by the selected read element. 12. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a magnetic disk having a storage area on which first servo information is written; a first read element; a second read element; and a controller configured to:
acquire the first servo information with respect to an entire storage area of the magnetic disk using the first and second read elements,
select one of the first read element and the second read element based on a quality of the first servo information as acquired by the first read element and a quality of the first servo information as acquired by the second read element, and
control servo writing of second servo information onto the magnetic disk based on the first servo information as acquired by the selected read element with respect to the entire storage area. 13. The magnetic disk device according to claim 12,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
count a first number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the first read element and count a second number of error occurrences in the acquisition of the first servo information by the second read element, and
select one of the first read element and the second read element based on a comparison between the first number and the second number. 14. The magnetic disk device according to claim 12, further comprising:
an actuator arm that moves relative to the magnetic disk, wherein the first read element and the second read element are attached to positions separated from each other at a tip portion of the actuator arm. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A method, comprising:
selecting a first positioning signal from a first read element on a magnetic head of a magnetic disk device or a second positioning signal from a second read element on the magnetic head; moving the magnetic head to a servo write target track on a magnetic disk of the magnetic disk device; demodulating a first read signal from the first read element to acquire the first positioning signal and demodulating a second read signal from the second read element to acquire the second positioning signal when the first read element and the second read element cross a first pattern of first servo information; determining whether a number of error occurrences in acquiring the selected positioning signal exceeds a threshold; and switching the positioning signal used to control servo writing of second servo information in a second servo pattern on the magnetic disk when the number of error occurrences exceeds the threshold. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
setting the threshold subsequent to acquiring the first positioning signal and the second positioning signal. 20. The method according to claim 18,
wherein the first read element and the second read element are attached to positions separated from each other at a tip portion of an actuator arm that moves relative to the magnetic disk, the method further comprising: switching the read element used to control the servo writing when a skew angle of the tip portion is within a first range of values and not switching the read element used to control the servo writing when the skew angle is within a second range that is outside of the first range, wherein the first range is a range of possible skew angle values at which a gap in a radial direction of the magnetic disk between a first position facing the first read element and a second position facing the second read element is larger than a second threshold, and the second range is a range of possible skew angle values at which the gap is smaller than the second threshold. | 2,800 |
343,875 | 16,803,329 | 2,857 | An image forming apparatus includes a main casing, a drum cartridge and a developing cartridge. The drum cartridge may include a first handle positioned at a first end of a frame of the drum cartridge. The developing cartridge may include a second handle positioned at a first end of a developing casing the developing cartridge. The main casing may include a first edge surface in the axial direction and a second edge surface opposite the first edge surface in the axial direction. The second handle may extend farther from the second edge surface than the first handle extends from the second edge surface in the axial direction in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a main casing; a drum cartridge including:
a photosensitive drum rotatable about a first axis extending in an axial direction;
a frame having first and second ends spaced apart in the axial direction and rotatably supporting the photosensitive drum, and
a first handle positioned at the first end of the frame,
a developing cartridge including:
a developing roller rotatable about a second axis extending in the first direction;
a developing casing configured to accommodate developer therein, and having first and second ends spaced apart in the axial direction and rotatably supporting the developing roller; and
a second handle positioned at the first end of the developing casing,
wherein the main casing includes:
a first edge surface in the axial direction;
a second edge surface opposite the first edge surface in the axial direction;
a slot extending from the first edge surface toward the second edge surface, the slot configured to allow the drum cartridge to be inserted in the axial direction, and the slot configured to allow the developing cartridge to be removed in the axial direction;
wherein the first end of the frame of the drum cartridge and the first end of the developing casing are proximate the first edge of the main casing in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing, and wherein the second handle extends farther from the second edge surface than the first handle extends from the second edge surface in the axial direction in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing. 2. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a cover at the first edge surface, the cover being movable between an open position in which the cover does not cover the slot and a closed position in which the cover covers the slot; wherein the second handle extends farther from the second edge surface than the first handle extends from the second edge surface in the axial direction in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing and the cover is in the open position. 3. The image forming apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the first handle has a first end wall and the second handle has a second end wall, and wherein the second end wall is farther from the second edge surface than the first end wall in the axial direction. | An image forming apparatus includes a main casing, a drum cartridge and a developing cartridge. The drum cartridge may include a first handle positioned at a first end of a frame of the drum cartridge. The developing cartridge may include a second handle positioned at a first end of a developing casing the developing cartridge. The main casing may include a first edge surface in the axial direction and a second edge surface opposite the first edge surface in the axial direction. The second handle may extend farther from the second edge surface than the first handle extends from the second edge surface in the axial direction in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a main casing; a drum cartridge including:
a photosensitive drum rotatable about a first axis extending in an axial direction;
a frame having first and second ends spaced apart in the axial direction and rotatably supporting the photosensitive drum, and
a first handle positioned at the first end of the frame,
a developing cartridge including:
a developing roller rotatable about a second axis extending in the first direction;
a developing casing configured to accommodate developer therein, and having first and second ends spaced apart in the axial direction and rotatably supporting the developing roller; and
a second handle positioned at the first end of the developing casing,
wherein the main casing includes:
a first edge surface in the axial direction;
a second edge surface opposite the first edge surface in the axial direction;
a slot extending from the first edge surface toward the second edge surface, the slot configured to allow the drum cartridge to be inserted in the axial direction, and the slot configured to allow the developing cartridge to be removed in the axial direction;
wherein the first end of the frame of the drum cartridge and the first end of the developing casing are proximate the first edge of the main casing in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing, and wherein the second handle extends farther from the second edge surface than the first handle extends from the second edge surface in the axial direction in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing. 2. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a cover at the first edge surface, the cover being movable between an open position in which the cover does not cover the slot and a closed position in which the cover covers the slot; wherein the second handle extends farther from the second edge surface than the first handle extends from the second edge surface in the axial direction in a state where the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge are attached to the main casing and the cover is in the open position. 3. The image forming apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the first handle has a first end wall and the second handle has a second end wall, and wherein the second end wall is farther from the second edge surface than the first end wall in the axial direction. | 2,800 |
343,876 | 16,803,342 | 2,857 | A method of processing data includes identifying a sparsity of input data, based on valid information included in the input data, rearranging the input data, based on a form of the sparsity, and generating output data by processing the rearranged input data. | 1. A method of processing data, the method comprising:
identifying a sparsity of input data, based on valid information included in the input data; rearranging the input data, based on a form of the sparsity; and generating output data by processing the rearranged input data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises rearranging the input data based on a distribution of invalid values included in the input data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises rearranging rows included in the input data based on a number of invalid values included in each of the rows of the input data. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein rearranging the input data comprises performing rearrangement such that a first row of the input data comprising the most invalid values among the rows of the input data is adjacent to a second row of the input data comprising the least invalid values among the rows of the input data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises shifting elements of columns included in the input data according to a first rule. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein
the first rule comprises shifting the elements of the columns included the input data in a same direction by a particular size, and the first rule is periodically applied to the columns included in the input data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises rearranging columns included in the input data to skip processing with respect to at least one column comprising only invalid values among the columns included in the input data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises shifting a first element of a first column included in the input data to a position corresponding to a last element of a second column of the input data that is adjacent to the first column. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the output data comprises:
applying one or both of a second rule and a third rule to the rearranged input data; and performing a convolution operation on the rearranged input data to which the one or both of the second rule and the third rule is applied and another data. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method of claim 1 on a computer. 11. An apparatus for processing data, the apparatus comprising:
a memory in which at least one program is stored; and a processor configured to execute the at least one program to:
identify a sparsity of input data, based on valid information included in the input data,
rearrange the input data, based on a form of the sparsity, and
generate output data by processing the rearranged input data. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to rearrange the input data based on a distribution of invalid values included in the input data. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to rearrange rows included in the input data based on a number of invalid values included in each of the rows of the input data. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to perform rearrangement such that a first row of the input data comprising the most invalid values among the rows of the input data is adjacent to a second row of the input data comprising the least invalid values among the plurality of rows of the input data are adjacent to each other. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to shift elements of columns included in the input data according to a first rule. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein
the first rule comprises shifting the elements of the columns included the input data in same direction by a particular size, and the first rule is periodically applied to the columns included in the input data. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to rearrange the columns included in the input data to skip processing with respect to at least one column comprising only invalid values among the columns included in the input data. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to shift a first element of a first column included in the input data to a position corresponding to a last element of a second column included in the input data that is adjacent to the first column. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to apply one or both of a second rule and a third rule to the rearranged input data and perform a convolution operation on the rearranged input data to which the one or both of the second rule and the third rule is applied and another data. 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus comprises a neural network device. 21. An apparatus comprising:
one or more memories storing one or more programs; and one or more processors configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to:
determine a location in input data that includes an invalid value,
generate rearranged data by manipulating the location in the input data that includes the invalid value, and
apply a rule to the rearranged data. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to generate the rearranged data by shifting a valid value included in the input data to the location in the input data that includes the invalid value. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to generate the rearranged data by moving the invalid value to another location in the input data. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to generate the rearranged data by removing the invalid value from the input data. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to apply the rule to valid values included in a window of the rearranged data to minimize a total number of invalid values included in an input layer of the window to be input to a logic circuit. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the rule includes shifting at least one valid value included in a layer of the window of the rearranged data that is adjacent to the input layer to a corresponding position of the input layer that includes an invalid value. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the rule includes shifting at least one valid value included in a layer of the window of the rearranged data that is adjacent to the input layer to a transversal position of the input layer that includes an invalid value. | A method of processing data includes identifying a sparsity of input data, based on valid information included in the input data, rearranging the input data, based on a form of the sparsity, and generating output data by processing the rearranged input data.1. A method of processing data, the method comprising:
identifying a sparsity of input data, based on valid information included in the input data; rearranging the input data, based on a form of the sparsity; and generating output data by processing the rearranged input data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises rearranging the input data based on a distribution of invalid values included in the input data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises rearranging rows included in the input data based on a number of invalid values included in each of the rows of the input data. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein rearranging the input data comprises performing rearrangement such that a first row of the input data comprising the most invalid values among the rows of the input data is adjacent to a second row of the input data comprising the least invalid values among the rows of the input data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises shifting elements of columns included in the input data according to a first rule. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein
the first rule comprises shifting the elements of the columns included the input data in a same direction by a particular size, and the first rule is periodically applied to the columns included in the input data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises rearranging columns included in the input data to skip processing with respect to at least one column comprising only invalid values among the columns included in the input data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein rearranging the input data comprises shifting a first element of a first column included in the input data to a position corresponding to a last element of a second column of the input data that is adjacent to the first column. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the output data comprises:
applying one or both of a second rule and a third rule to the rearranged input data; and performing a convolution operation on the rearranged input data to which the one or both of the second rule and the third rule is applied and another data. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method of claim 1 on a computer. 11. An apparatus for processing data, the apparatus comprising:
a memory in which at least one program is stored; and a processor configured to execute the at least one program to:
identify a sparsity of input data, based on valid information included in the input data,
rearrange the input data, based on a form of the sparsity, and
generate output data by processing the rearranged input data. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to rearrange the input data based on a distribution of invalid values included in the input data. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to rearrange rows included in the input data based on a number of invalid values included in each of the rows of the input data. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to perform rearrangement such that a first row of the input data comprising the most invalid values among the rows of the input data is adjacent to a second row of the input data comprising the least invalid values among the plurality of rows of the input data are adjacent to each other. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to shift elements of columns included in the input data according to a first rule. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein
the first rule comprises shifting the elements of the columns included the input data in same direction by a particular size, and the first rule is periodically applied to the columns included in the input data. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to rearrange the columns included in the input data to skip processing with respect to at least one column comprising only invalid values among the columns included in the input data. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to shift a first element of a first column included in the input data to a position corresponding to a last element of a second column included in the input data that is adjacent to the first column. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the at least one program to apply one or both of a second rule and a third rule to the rearranged input data and perform a convolution operation on the rearranged input data to which the one or both of the second rule and the third rule is applied and another data. 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus comprises a neural network device. 21. An apparatus comprising:
one or more memories storing one or more programs; and one or more processors configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to:
determine a location in input data that includes an invalid value,
generate rearranged data by manipulating the location in the input data that includes the invalid value, and
apply a rule to the rearranged data. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to generate the rearranged data by shifting a valid value included in the input data to the location in the input data that includes the invalid value. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to generate the rearranged data by moving the invalid value to another location in the input data. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to generate the rearranged data by removing the invalid value from the input data. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute at least one of the one or more programs to apply the rule to valid values included in a window of the rearranged data to minimize a total number of invalid values included in an input layer of the window to be input to a logic circuit. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the rule includes shifting at least one valid value included in a layer of the window of the rearranged data that is adjacent to the input layer to a corresponding position of the input layer that includes an invalid value. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the rule includes shifting at least one valid value included in a layer of the window of the rearranged data that is adjacent to the input layer to a transversal position of the input layer that includes an invalid value. | 2,800 |
343,877 | 16,803,338 | 2,857 | The invention's metering CO2 releasing system may be triggered by an electronic or a thermostatic valve or may be triggered manually or by an electronic solenoid. | 1. A cooling system comprising:
a. at least one container retaining cooling gasses selected from the group consisting of propane, CO2, methane, butane, nitrous oxide, R-22, 134b and 421A; b. each of said respective cooling gases is converted into a liquid at pressures up to and including 3000 psi; c. a retaining member selected from the group consisting of a flat plate having a flat plate top surface and a flat plate bottom surface that are connected by a flat plate vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of the flat plate, a flexible pad having a pad top surface and a pad bottom surface that are connected by a pad vertical wall that surround a perimeter of said flexible pad, and a cushion having a top cushion with a top surface and a bottom cushion with a bottom surface and a vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of said top cushion and said bottom cushion; d. a respective distance between said flat plate top surface and said flat plate bottom surface large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; e. a respective distance between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; f. a respective distance between said top cushion and said bottom cushion large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; g. a manifold block, said at least one container retaining said cooling gasses connected to said manifold block by a flexible discharge line that connects said at least one container retaining cooling gasses through a manifold block hole in the manifold block; h. a flow metering system selected from the group consisting of a solenoid valve and a flow metering valve positioned on said manifold block and controlling the amount of each respective one of said cooling gases converted into said liquid entering said manifold block from said at least one container retaining cooling gasses; i. said manifold block in fluid communication with each of said respective multiplicity of capillary tubes; j each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes having an outer body that surrounds an opening that extends from a first end opening of each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes to a second end opening of each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes; and k. each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to respective objects placed on the flat plate top surface, an object wrapped between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface, and to an object placed on said top cushion. 2. The cooling system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: each of said outer body of each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes bent at an angle at a location adjacent each respective first opening for fluid connection to said manifold block. 3. The cooling system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: said solenoid valve is an electronic solenoid valve. 4. The cooling system in accordance with claim 3, further comprising:
a. said manifold block includes said electronic solenoid valve, a pre-load spring, a shaft, a plunger, a lever hinge pin and an actuator lever; b. when said electronic solenoid valve is closed, said plunger return spring holds said plunger against an orifice of said CO2 container, preventing flow of CO2 through said electronic solenoid valve; and c. when said electronic solenoid valve is energized, a magnetic field is produced, actuating said actuator lever and in turn raising said plunger and allowing CO2 to flow through said electronic solenoid valve. 5. A cooling system comprising:
a. at least one container retaining cooling gasses selected from the group consisting of propane, CO2, methane, butane, nitrous oxide, R-22, 134b and 421A; each of said respective cooling gases is converted into a liquid at pressures up to and including 3000 psi; c. a retaining member; d. a manifold block, said at least one container retaining said cooling gasses connected to said manifold block by a flexible discharge line that connects said at least one container retaining cooling gasses through a manifold block hole in the manifold block; e. a flow metering system selected from the group consisting of a solenoid valve and a flow metering valve positioned on said manifold block and controlling the amount of each respective one of said cooling gases converted into said liquid entering said manifold block from said at least one container retaining cooling gasses; f. said manifold block in fluid communication with each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes; g. each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes having an outer body that surrounds an opening that extends from a first end opening of a each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes to a second end opening of each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes; and h. each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction. 6. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising: each of said outer body of each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes bent at an angle at a location adjacent each respective first opening for fluid connection to said manifold block. 7. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising: said solenoid valve is an electronic solenoid valve. 8. The cooling system in accordance with claim 7, further comprising:
a. said manifold block includes said electronic solenoid valve, a pre-load spring, a shaft, a plunger, a lever hinge pin and an actuator lever; b. when said electronic solenoid valve is closed, said plunger return spring holds said plunger against an orifice of said CO2 container, preventing flow of CO2 through said electronic solenoid valve; and c. when said electronic solenoid valve is energized, a magnetic field is produced, actuating said actuator lever and in turn raising said plunger and allowing CO2 to flow through said electronic solenoid valve. 9. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:
a. said retaining member is a flat plate having a flat plate top surface and a flat plate bottom surface that are connected by a flat plate vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of the flat plate; b. a respective distance between said flat plate top surface and said flat plate bottom surface large enough to retaining a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of said capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; and c. said each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to respectively objects placed on the flat plate top surface. 10. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:
a. said retaining member is a flexible pad having a pad top surface and a pad bottom surface that are connected by a pad vertical wall that surround a perimeter of said flexible pad; b. a respective distance between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of said capillary tubes, a respective one of each of said multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; and c. said each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to an object wrapped between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface. 11. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:
a. said retaining member is a cushion having a top cushion with a top surface and a bottom cushion with a bottom surface and a vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of said top cushion and said bottom cushion; b. a respective distance between said top cushion and said bottom cushion large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of said multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; and c. said each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to an object placed on said top cushion. | The invention's metering CO2 releasing system may be triggered by an electronic or a thermostatic valve or may be triggered manually or by an electronic solenoid.1. A cooling system comprising:
a. at least one container retaining cooling gasses selected from the group consisting of propane, CO2, methane, butane, nitrous oxide, R-22, 134b and 421A; b. each of said respective cooling gases is converted into a liquid at pressures up to and including 3000 psi; c. a retaining member selected from the group consisting of a flat plate having a flat plate top surface and a flat plate bottom surface that are connected by a flat plate vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of the flat plate, a flexible pad having a pad top surface and a pad bottom surface that are connected by a pad vertical wall that surround a perimeter of said flexible pad, and a cushion having a top cushion with a top surface and a bottom cushion with a bottom surface and a vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of said top cushion and said bottom cushion; d. a respective distance between said flat plate top surface and said flat plate bottom surface large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; e. a respective distance between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; f. a respective distance between said top cushion and said bottom cushion large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; g. a manifold block, said at least one container retaining said cooling gasses connected to said manifold block by a flexible discharge line that connects said at least one container retaining cooling gasses through a manifold block hole in the manifold block; h. a flow metering system selected from the group consisting of a solenoid valve and a flow metering valve positioned on said manifold block and controlling the amount of each respective one of said cooling gases converted into said liquid entering said manifold block from said at least one container retaining cooling gasses; i. said manifold block in fluid communication with each of said respective multiplicity of capillary tubes; j each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes having an outer body that surrounds an opening that extends from a first end opening of each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes to a second end opening of each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes; and k. each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to respective objects placed on the flat plate top surface, an object wrapped between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface, and to an object placed on said top cushion. 2. The cooling system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: each of said outer body of each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes bent at an angle at a location adjacent each respective first opening for fluid connection to said manifold block. 3. The cooling system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: said solenoid valve is an electronic solenoid valve. 4. The cooling system in accordance with claim 3, further comprising:
a. said manifold block includes said electronic solenoid valve, a pre-load spring, a shaft, a plunger, a lever hinge pin and an actuator lever; b. when said electronic solenoid valve is closed, said plunger return spring holds said plunger against an orifice of said CO2 container, preventing flow of CO2 through said electronic solenoid valve; and c. when said electronic solenoid valve is energized, a magnetic field is produced, actuating said actuator lever and in turn raising said plunger and allowing CO2 to flow through said electronic solenoid valve. 5. A cooling system comprising:
a. at least one container retaining cooling gasses selected from the group consisting of propane, CO2, methane, butane, nitrous oxide, R-22, 134b and 421A; each of said respective cooling gases is converted into a liquid at pressures up to and including 3000 psi; c. a retaining member; d. a manifold block, said at least one container retaining said cooling gasses connected to said manifold block by a flexible discharge line that connects said at least one container retaining cooling gasses through a manifold block hole in the manifold block; e. a flow metering system selected from the group consisting of a solenoid valve and a flow metering valve positioned on said manifold block and controlling the amount of each respective one of said cooling gases converted into said liquid entering said manifold block from said at least one container retaining cooling gasses; f. said manifold block in fluid communication with each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes; g. each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes having an outer body that surrounds an opening that extends from a first end opening of a each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes to a second end opening of each respective one of the multiplicity of capillary tubes; and h. each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction. 6. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising: each of said outer body of each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes bent at an angle at a location adjacent each respective first opening for fluid connection to said manifold block. 7. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising: said solenoid valve is an electronic solenoid valve. 8. The cooling system in accordance with claim 7, further comprising:
a. said manifold block includes said electronic solenoid valve, a pre-load spring, a shaft, a plunger, a lever hinge pin and an actuator lever; b. when said electronic solenoid valve is closed, said plunger return spring holds said plunger against an orifice of said CO2 container, preventing flow of CO2 through said electronic solenoid valve; and c. when said electronic solenoid valve is energized, a magnetic field is produced, actuating said actuator lever and in turn raising said plunger and allowing CO2 to flow through said electronic solenoid valve. 9. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:
a. said retaining member is a flat plate having a flat plate top surface and a flat plate bottom surface that are connected by a flat plate vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of the flat plate; b. a respective distance between said flat plate top surface and said flat plate bottom surface large enough to retaining a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of said capillary tubes, a respective one of each of the multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; and c. said each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective one of said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to respectively objects placed on the flat plate top surface. 10. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:
a. said retaining member is a flexible pad having a pad top surface and a pad bottom surface that are connected by a pad vertical wall that surround a perimeter of said flexible pad; b. a respective distance between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of said capillary tubes, a respective one of each of said multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; and c. said each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to an object wrapped between said pad top surface and said pad bottom surface. 11. The cooling system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising:
a. said retaining member is a cushion having a top cushion with a top surface and a bottom cushion with a bottom surface and a vertical wall surrounding a perimeter of said top cushion and said bottom cushion; b. a respective distance between said top cushion and said bottom cushion large enough to retain a multiplicity of tubing routes with a multiplicity of capillary tubes, a respective one of each of said multiplicity of capillary tubes retained within a respective one of the multiplicity of tubing routes; and c. said each respective cooling gasses converted to said liquid transported to each respective said multiplicity of capillary tubes and transmitting cooling through conduction to an object placed on said top cushion. | 2,800 |
343,878 | 16,803,275 | 2,857 | Systems and methods for determining insurance reimbursement are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient and analyze the video frames to identify a medical instrument, an anatomical structure, and an interaction between the medical instrument and the anatomical structure. The processor may access a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures and compare the identified interaction between the medical instrument and the anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine a reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure and output the reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. | 1-120. (canceled) 121. A computer-implemented method for analyzing surgical images to determine insurance reimbursement, the method comprising:
accessing video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient; analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to identify in the video frames at least one medical instrument, at least one anatomical structure, and at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure; accessing a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures; comparing the identified at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and outputting the at least one reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. 122. The method of claim 121, wherein the at least one reimbursement code outputted includes a plurality of outputted reimbursement codes. 123. The method of claim 122, wherein at least two of the plurality of outputted reimbursement codes are based on differing interactions with a common anatomical structure. 124. The method of claim 123, wherein the at least two outputted reimbursement codes are determined based in part on detection of two differing medical instruments. 125. The method of claim 121, wherein determining the at least one reimbursement code is also based on an analysis of a postoperative surgical report. 126. The method of claim 121, wherein the video frames are captured from an image sensor positioned above the patient. 127. The method of claim 121, wherein the video frames are captured from an image sensor associated with a medical device. 128. The method of claim 121, further comprising updating the database by associating the at least one reimbursement code with the surgical procedure. 129. The method of claim 121, further comprising generating correlations between processed reimbursement codes and at least one of a plurality of medical instruments in historical video footage, a plurality of anatomical structures in the historical video footage, or a plurality of interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures in the historical video footage;
and updating the database based on the generated correlations. 130. The method of claim 129, wherein generating correlations includes implementing a statistical model. 131. The method of claim 129, further comprising using a machine learning model to detect, in the historical video footage, the at least one plurality of medical instruments, plurality of anatomical structures, or plurality of interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures. 132. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a condition of an anatomical structure of the patient; and determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure. 133. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a change in a condition of an anatomical structure of the patient during the surgical procedure;
and determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined change in the condition of the anatomical structure. 134. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a usage of a particular medical device; and determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined usage of the particular medical device. Application No.: To be assigned Attorney Docket No.: 15027.0008-00000 135. The method of claim 134, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a type of usage of the particular medical device; in response to a first determined type of usage, determining at least a first reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and in response to a second determined type of usage, determining at least a second reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure, the at least a first reimbursement code differing from the at least a second reimbursement code. 136. The method of claim 121, further comprising receiving a processed reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure, and updating the database based on the processed reimbursement code. 137. The method of claim 136, wherein the processed reimbursement code differs from a corresponding reimbursement code of the at least one reimbursement codes. 138. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine an amount of a medical supply of a particular type used in the surgical procedure; and
determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined amount. 139. A surgical image analysis system for determining insurance reimbursement, the system comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
access video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient;
analyze the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to identify in the video frames at least one medical instrument, at least one anatomical structure, and at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure;
access a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures; compare the identified at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and output the at least one reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. 140. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling determination of insurance reimbursement, the operations comprising:
accessing video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient; analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to identify in the video frames at least one medical instrument, at least one anatomical structure, and at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure; accessing a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures; comparing the identified at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and outputting the at least one reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. 141-282. (canceled) | Systems and methods for determining insurance reimbursement are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient and analyze the video frames to identify a medical instrument, an anatomical structure, and an interaction between the medical instrument and the anatomical structure. The processor may access a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures and compare the identified interaction between the medical instrument and the anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine a reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure and output the reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure.1-120. (canceled) 121. A computer-implemented method for analyzing surgical images to determine insurance reimbursement, the method comprising:
accessing video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient; analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to identify in the video frames at least one medical instrument, at least one anatomical structure, and at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure; accessing a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures; comparing the identified at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and outputting the at least one reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. 122. The method of claim 121, wherein the at least one reimbursement code outputted includes a plurality of outputted reimbursement codes. 123. The method of claim 122, wherein at least two of the plurality of outputted reimbursement codes are based on differing interactions with a common anatomical structure. 124. The method of claim 123, wherein the at least two outputted reimbursement codes are determined based in part on detection of two differing medical instruments. 125. The method of claim 121, wherein determining the at least one reimbursement code is also based on an analysis of a postoperative surgical report. 126. The method of claim 121, wherein the video frames are captured from an image sensor positioned above the patient. 127. The method of claim 121, wherein the video frames are captured from an image sensor associated with a medical device. 128. The method of claim 121, further comprising updating the database by associating the at least one reimbursement code with the surgical procedure. 129. The method of claim 121, further comprising generating correlations between processed reimbursement codes and at least one of a plurality of medical instruments in historical video footage, a plurality of anatomical structures in the historical video footage, or a plurality of interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures in the historical video footage;
and updating the database based on the generated correlations. 130. The method of claim 129, wherein generating correlations includes implementing a statistical model. 131. The method of claim 129, further comprising using a machine learning model to detect, in the historical video footage, the at least one plurality of medical instruments, plurality of anatomical structures, or plurality of interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures. 132. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a condition of an anatomical structure of the patient; and determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined condition of the anatomical structure. 133. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a change in a condition of an anatomical structure of the patient during the surgical procedure;
and determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined change in the condition of the anatomical structure. 134. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a usage of a particular medical device; and determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined usage of the particular medical device. Application No.: To be assigned Attorney Docket No.: 15027.0008-00000 135. The method of claim 134, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine a type of usage of the particular medical device; in response to a first determined type of usage, determining at least a first reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and in response to a second determined type of usage, determining at least a second reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure, the at least a first reimbursement code differing from the at least a second reimbursement code. 136. The method of claim 121, further comprising receiving a processed reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure, and updating the database based on the processed reimbursement code. 137. The method of claim 136, wherein the processed reimbursement code differs from a corresponding reimbursement code of the at least one reimbursement codes. 138. The method of claim 121, further comprising analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to determine an amount of a medical supply of a particular type used in the surgical procedure; and
determining the at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure based on the determined amount. 139. A surgical image analysis system for determining insurance reimbursement, the system comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
access video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient;
analyze the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to identify in the video frames at least one medical instrument, at least one anatomical structure, and at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure;
access a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures; compare the identified at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and output the at least one reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. 140. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling determination of insurance reimbursement, the operations comprising:
accessing video frames captured during a surgical procedure on a patient; analyzing the video frames captured during the surgical procedure to identify in the video frames at least one medical instrument, at least one anatomical structure, and at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure; accessing a database of reimbursement codes correlated to medical instruments, anatomical structures, and interactions between medical instruments and anatomical structures; comparing the identified at least one interaction between the at least one medical instrument and the at least one anatomical structure with information in the database of reimbursement codes to determine at least one reimbursement code associated with the surgical procedure; and outputting the at least one reimbursement code for use in obtaining an insurance reimbursement for the surgical procedure. 141-282. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,879 | 16,803,332 | 2,857 | The present disclosure relates to an image merging system that automatically and seamlessly detects and merges missing people for a set of digital images into a composite group photo. For instance, the image merging system utilizes a number of models and operations to automatically analyze multiple digital images to identify a missing person from a base image, segment the missing person from the second image, and generate a composite group photo by merging the segmented image of the missing person into the base image. In this manner, the image merging system automatically creates merged group photos that appear natural and realistic. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause a computing device to:
identify, utilizing a face detection model, pixels representing one or more faces in a first image and pixels representing one or more faces in a second image; determine a missing face from the one or more faces in the second image that does not appear the first image by analyzing the pixels representing the one or more faces in the first image and the pixels representing the one or more faces in the second image; generate, utilizing a segmentation model, a segmented image of a missing person in the second image associated with the missing face by segmenting pixels of the second image representing the missing person; determine an available location within the first image by detecting objects within the first image and identifying a portion of the first image that does not include a person; and generate a merged image by inserting the pixels of the second image representing the missing person into the available location of the first image. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the pixels representing the one or more faces in the first image comprises generating face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image; and analyzing the pixels representing the one or more faces in the second image comprises generating face descriptors for the one or more faces in the second image. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to determine the missing face from the one or more faces in the second image that does not appear from the first image by comparing the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image to the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the second image. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to compare the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image to the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the second image by:
generating a grouping for each face in the second image that has a face descriptor that is within a similarity threshold of a face descriptor of a face in the first image; and determining the missing face in the second image based on the missing face not belonging to a grouping. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 4, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to generate the segmented image of the missing person in the second image associated with the missing face by utilizing the segmentation model to:
generate a bounding box around a body associated with the missing face within the second image; generate an object mask of the person based on the bounding box; and generate the segmented image based on applying the object mask to the second image. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2, further comprising additional instructions that cause the computing device to:
generate bounding boxes about each identified face in the first and second images; and generate the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first and second images by extracting latent features from portions of the first and second images corresponding to the bounding boxes. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to determine the available location within the first image by detecting objects within the first image and identifying a portion of the first image that does not include a person by:
detecting the objects within the first image utilizing an object detection neural network; classifying the detected objects to determine an object significance score for each detected object; and identifying a location adjacent to one of the persons within the first image that does not have an object or that has an object with an object significance score below an object significance threshold. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to generate the merged image by:
adding the segmented image of the person to the first image at the available location; and blending the segmented image of the person with the first image to generate the merged image. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to blend the segmented image of the person with the first image to generate the merged image by:
blending foreground colors of the segmented image of the person with foreground colors of the first image; and blending background colors of the segmented image of the person with background colors of the first image. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising additional instructions that cause the computing device to determine that the first image is captured within a threshold time and location of the second image. 11. A system comprising:
one or more memory devices comprising:
a first image having faces of one or more persons;
a second image having faces of one or more persons, wherein a person in the second image is not in the first image;
a face detection model; and
a segmentation model; and
one or more computing devices configured to cause the system to:
generate face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image and the one or more faces in the second image utilizing the face detection model;
compare the face descriptors from the first image to the face descriptors from the second image to determine a missing person not in the first image;
generate, utilizing a segmentation model, a segmented image of the missing person;
determine an available location within the first image based on detecting objects and persons in the first image; and
generate a merged image by inserting the missing person into the available location in the first image utilizing the segmented image of the missing person and a blending model. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to generate the face descriptors by extracting latent features, utilizing a neural network, from portions of the first and second images corresponding to the one or more faces in the first and second images. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to compare the face descriptors from the first image to the face descriptors from the second image by determining a distance between face descriptors. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to determine the missing person in the second image by determining that the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image are above a face similarity threshold when compared to the face descriptor for the missing person in the second image. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to generate the segmented image by:
generating a bounding box around a body associated with the missing person within the second image; generating an object mask of the missing person based on the bounding box; and generating the segmented image of the missing person based on applying the object mask to the second image. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to determine the available location within the first image by:
detecting the objects in the first image utilizing an object detection neural network; classifying the detected objects in the first image to determine an object significance score for each detected object; and identifying an available location adjacent to one of the persons within the first image that does not have an object or that has an object with an object significance score below an object significance threshold. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to generate a merged image by:
adding the segmented image of the missing person to the first image at the available location; and blending the segmented image of the missing person with the first image to generate the merged image. 18. In a digital medium environment for creating or editing digital images, a computer-implemented method of automatically merging missing objects within digital images into a composite digital image, comprising:
identifying a first image with at least a first person; identifying a second image with at least a second person that is not included in the first image; performing a step for merging the second person into the first image; and providing the merged first image with the first person and the second person to a client device associated with a user. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining ratings for the first image and the second image, and identifying the first image as a base image into which to merge one or more persons based on the first image having a higher rating than the second image. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein performing the step for merging the second person into the first image is performed without user input. | The present disclosure relates to an image merging system that automatically and seamlessly detects and merges missing people for a set of digital images into a composite group photo. For instance, the image merging system utilizes a number of models and operations to automatically analyze multiple digital images to identify a missing person from a base image, segment the missing person from the second image, and generate a composite group photo by merging the segmented image of the missing person into the base image. In this manner, the image merging system automatically creates merged group photos that appear natural and realistic.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause a computing device to:
identify, utilizing a face detection model, pixels representing one or more faces in a first image and pixels representing one or more faces in a second image; determine a missing face from the one or more faces in the second image that does not appear the first image by analyzing the pixels representing the one or more faces in the first image and the pixels representing the one or more faces in the second image; generate, utilizing a segmentation model, a segmented image of a missing person in the second image associated with the missing face by segmenting pixels of the second image representing the missing person; determine an available location within the first image by detecting objects within the first image and identifying a portion of the first image that does not include a person; and generate a merged image by inserting the pixels of the second image representing the missing person into the available location of the first image. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the pixels representing the one or more faces in the first image comprises generating face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image; and analyzing the pixels representing the one or more faces in the second image comprises generating face descriptors for the one or more faces in the second image. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to determine the missing face from the one or more faces in the second image that does not appear from the first image by comparing the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image to the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the second image. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to compare the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image to the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the second image by:
generating a grouping for each face in the second image that has a face descriptor that is within a similarity threshold of a face descriptor of a face in the first image; and determining the missing face in the second image based on the missing face not belonging to a grouping. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 4, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to generate the segmented image of the missing person in the second image associated with the missing face by utilizing the segmentation model to:
generate a bounding box around a body associated with the missing face within the second image; generate an object mask of the person based on the bounding box; and generate the segmented image based on applying the object mask to the second image. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2, further comprising additional instructions that cause the computing device to:
generate bounding boxes about each identified face in the first and second images; and generate the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first and second images by extracting latent features from portions of the first and second images corresponding to the bounding boxes. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to determine the available location within the first image by detecting objects within the first image and identifying a portion of the first image that does not include a person by:
detecting the objects within the first image utilizing an object detection neural network; classifying the detected objects to determine an object significance score for each detected object; and identifying a location adjacent to one of the persons within the first image that does not have an object or that has an object with an object significance score below an object significance threshold. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to generate the merged image by:
adding the segmented image of the person to the first image at the available location; and blending the segmented image of the person with the first image to generate the merged image. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions cause the computing device to blend the segmented image of the person with the first image to generate the merged image by:
blending foreground colors of the segmented image of the person with foreground colors of the first image; and blending background colors of the segmented image of the person with background colors of the first image. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising additional instructions that cause the computing device to determine that the first image is captured within a threshold time and location of the second image. 11. A system comprising:
one or more memory devices comprising:
a first image having faces of one or more persons;
a second image having faces of one or more persons, wherein a person in the second image is not in the first image;
a face detection model; and
a segmentation model; and
one or more computing devices configured to cause the system to:
generate face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image and the one or more faces in the second image utilizing the face detection model;
compare the face descriptors from the first image to the face descriptors from the second image to determine a missing person not in the first image;
generate, utilizing a segmentation model, a segmented image of the missing person;
determine an available location within the first image based on detecting objects and persons in the first image; and
generate a merged image by inserting the missing person into the available location in the first image utilizing the segmented image of the missing person and a blending model. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to generate the face descriptors by extracting latent features, utilizing a neural network, from portions of the first and second images corresponding to the one or more faces in the first and second images. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to compare the face descriptors from the first image to the face descriptors from the second image by determining a distance between face descriptors. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to determine the missing person in the second image by determining that the face descriptors for the one or more faces in the first image are above a face similarity threshold when compared to the face descriptor for the missing person in the second image. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to generate the segmented image by:
generating a bounding box around a body associated with the missing person within the second image; generating an object mask of the missing person based on the bounding box; and generating the segmented image of the missing person based on applying the object mask to the second image. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to determine the available location within the first image by:
detecting the objects in the first image utilizing an object detection neural network; classifying the detected objects in the first image to determine an object significance score for each detected object; and identifying an available location adjacent to one of the persons within the first image that does not have an object or that has an object with an object significance score below an object significance threshold. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more computing devices are configured to cause the system to generate a merged image by:
adding the segmented image of the missing person to the first image at the available location; and blending the segmented image of the missing person with the first image to generate the merged image. 18. In a digital medium environment for creating or editing digital images, a computer-implemented method of automatically merging missing objects within digital images into a composite digital image, comprising:
identifying a first image with at least a first person; identifying a second image with at least a second person that is not included in the first image; performing a step for merging the second person into the first image; and providing the merged first image with the first person and the second person to a client device associated with a user. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining ratings for the first image and the second image, and identifying the first image as a base image into which to merge one or more persons based on the first image having a higher rating than the second image. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein performing the step for merging the second person into the first image is performed without user input. | 2,800 |
343,880 | 16,803,331 | 2,857 | A server operates between a patron (user), a subscriber (e.g., owner of a venue of exhibits and its website; museum, stadium, zoo, theme park, etc.), and possibly third parties such as a content distribution network (CDN). Access and content delivery are based on 1) control information provided to a patron device by physical objects at the venue and sent by the patron device to the server as part of a mutual authentication to one another, 2) user-specific information corresponding to the patron device, and 3) a pre-authorization exchange granting user-device access to physical objects and the server with the server receiving access to the user-specific information in order to locate requested information and select a subset thereof adapted in accordance with the user information. Moving physically between exhibits, a patron device rapidly disengages and re-engages the server, based thereon, without repeated logins. | 1. A method of mutual authorization comprising:
exchanging between a first server, controlled by a service agent, and a patron device controlled by a patron, pre-authorization enabling communication therebetween of proprietary information of a subscriber distinct from the service agent, based on a future event triggering the communication in the future; initiating, by the patron device, the event, based on interaction thereby with a feature of a venue, controlled by the subscriber; submitting to the first server by the patron device a request for requested content, proprietary to the subscriber and corresponding to the event; providing, by the patron device to the first server, a first identifier received by the patron device based on the event; linking the requested content to the first identifier and to a second identifier, corresponding to the first server; authenticating, both the patron device to the first server to receive the requested content, and the first server to the patron device to access patron data, corresponding to the patron device, based on the first identifier as a content access control code and the second identifier as a destination delivery control code; and delivering the requested content in response to the request. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising initiating the event in response to a physical object. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the event is detection, by the patron device, of a physical object. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the requested content is based on at least one of corresponding the first and second identifiers to the authenticating, and corresponding the requested information to the patron device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the requested content comprises at least one of images, text, audio, and video presentable directly to the patron by the patron device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the requested content comprises delivering a subset of the requested content by the first server to the patron device based on the proprietary information. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising authorizing, by the first server, a content delivery network (CDN) to deliver the requested content directly to the patron device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the event is a detection of a physical object. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the physical object is selected from a fixture installed at a first location, a region of real estate corresponding to a proximity to a physical location, reading material, a vehicle, a package containing a product, a transmitter, and signage. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
providing, by the patron device, location data, corresponding to a location thereof, to the first server; authorizing, by the first server, delivery of the requested content, based on comparison of the location data, geography of the venue; providing a system operably connecting the first server, a CDN, a database, a subscriber computer, and the patron device in a network; providing, by the first server, corresponding exclusively to the subscriber, the requested content; hosting by at least one of the database, the first server, and the CDN the requested content; and wherein the content identifier is a uniform resource locator (URL) identified with the event. 11. A system for mutual authorization between a server and a patron device, the system comprising:
a first server capable of interconnecting with a patron device, a content distribution network, and a database; the first server programmed to receive from the patron device pre-authorization for subsequent communication of proprietary information of each therebetween, to be triggered by an event detected by the patron device in the future; and the first server programmed to provide to the patron device programming information effective to program the patron device to receive from the first server pre-authorization to communicate therewith, detect a triggering event, receive an identifier unique to the event, and request of the first server requested content based on the identifier, based on the pre-authentication between the first server and the patron device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first server is programmed to authenticate the patron device to receive the requested content, proprietary to a subscriber distinct from an agent controlling the first server, based on the identifier and the pre-authorization. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first server is programmed to receive, from the patron device, reporting data reflecting detection of the event by the patron device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the detection comprises detecting object data corresponding directly with a physical object. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the object data comprises an image, representing data, printed on the physical object. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first server is programmed to deliver, to the patron device, programming instructions effective to program the patron device to conduct a process of pre-authorization between the first server and the patron device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the pre-authorization is mutual between the first server and the patron device; and the first server is programmed to deliver, to the patron device, programming instructions effective to program the patron device to exchange therebetween proprietary information of each, respectively, with the other. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein:
the first server is programmed to deliver, to the patron device, programming instructions effective to program the patron device to request of the main server the requested content based on the identifier, provide patron device information proprietary to the patron device for the mutual authentication, and provide to the first server the identifier; and the event is triggered by an exchange between the patron device and a feature corresponding to a venue of a subscriber controlling the venue and the requested information. 19. A computer readable, non-transitory memory containing data structures as executables containing computer program instructions and operational data to be processed by the executables, the data structures comprising:
a first server programmed to customize delivery of content between itself and a patron device operably connecting thereto over a network by automatic, mutual authorization therebetween; the main server programmed to exchange between itself and the patron device, pre-authorization for subsequent communication of proprietary information of each therebetween, triggered by an event corresponding to the patron device and a feature of a venue controlled by a subscriber controlling requested information physical object in the future; the main server containing instructions effective to provide to the patron device a patron device application effective to provide an identifier constituting data identifying the first server as a proxy for the subscriber, based on the event and the pre-authorization; the patron device application containing instructions programmed to install on a patron device to send to the main server a request for requested content, the request containing an identifier received from and corresponding to the physical object and corresponding to the requested information; the patron device application comprising a first authentication executable deliverable to the patron device from the main server and executable on the patron device to pass the identifier to the server upon request for the requested content; and a second authentication executable on the server effective to access the requested content based on the pre-authorization received from the patron application on the patron device and stored by the database and linked to the requested content and the main server by the identifier. 20. The computer readable, non-transitory memory of claim 19, wherein:
the event is detection by the patron device application of a physical condition corresponding to a venue; and the second authentication executable is programmed to access user profile data based on the identifier as a content access control code and the pre-authorization received from the patron device application. | A server operates between a patron (user), a subscriber (e.g., owner of a venue of exhibits and its website; museum, stadium, zoo, theme park, etc.), and possibly third parties such as a content distribution network (CDN). Access and content delivery are based on 1) control information provided to a patron device by physical objects at the venue and sent by the patron device to the server as part of a mutual authentication to one another, 2) user-specific information corresponding to the patron device, and 3) a pre-authorization exchange granting user-device access to physical objects and the server with the server receiving access to the user-specific information in order to locate requested information and select a subset thereof adapted in accordance with the user information. Moving physically between exhibits, a patron device rapidly disengages and re-engages the server, based thereon, without repeated logins.1. A method of mutual authorization comprising:
exchanging between a first server, controlled by a service agent, and a patron device controlled by a patron, pre-authorization enabling communication therebetween of proprietary information of a subscriber distinct from the service agent, based on a future event triggering the communication in the future; initiating, by the patron device, the event, based on interaction thereby with a feature of a venue, controlled by the subscriber; submitting to the first server by the patron device a request for requested content, proprietary to the subscriber and corresponding to the event; providing, by the patron device to the first server, a first identifier received by the patron device based on the event; linking the requested content to the first identifier and to a second identifier, corresponding to the first server; authenticating, both the patron device to the first server to receive the requested content, and the first server to the patron device to access patron data, corresponding to the patron device, based on the first identifier as a content access control code and the second identifier as a destination delivery control code; and delivering the requested content in response to the request. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising initiating the event in response to a physical object. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the event is detection, by the patron device, of a physical object. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the requested content is based on at least one of corresponding the first and second identifiers to the authenticating, and corresponding the requested information to the patron device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the requested content comprises at least one of images, text, audio, and video presentable directly to the patron by the patron device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the requested content comprises delivering a subset of the requested content by the first server to the patron device based on the proprietary information. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising authorizing, by the first server, a content delivery network (CDN) to deliver the requested content directly to the patron device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the event is a detection of a physical object. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the physical object is selected from a fixture installed at a first location, a region of real estate corresponding to a proximity to a physical location, reading material, a vehicle, a package containing a product, a transmitter, and signage. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
providing, by the patron device, location data, corresponding to a location thereof, to the first server; authorizing, by the first server, delivery of the requested content, based on comparison of the location data, geography of the venue; providing a system operably connecting the first server, a CDN, a database, a subscriber computer, and the patron device in a network; providing, by the first server, corresponding exclusively to the subscriber, the requested content; hosting by at least one of the database, the first server, and the CDN the requested content; and wherein the content identifier is a uniform resource locator (URL) identified with the event. 11. A system for mutual authorization between a server and a patron device, the system comprising:
a first server capable of interconnecting with a patron device, a content distribution network, and a database; the first server programmed to receive from the patron device pre-authorization for subsequent communication of proprietary information of each therebetween, to be triggered by an event detected by the patron device in the future; and the first server programmed to provide to the patron device programming information effective to program the patron device to receive from the first server pre-authorization to communicate therewith, detect a triggering event, receive an identifier unique to the event, and request of the first server requested content based on the identifier, based on the pre-authentication between the first server and the patron device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first server is programmed to authenticate the patron device to receive the requested content, proprietary to a subscriber distinct from an agent controlling the first server, based on the identifier and the pre-authorization. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first server is programmed to receive, from the patron device, reporting data reflecting detection of the event by the patron device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the detection comprises detecting object data corresponding directly with a physical object. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the object data comprises an image, representing data, printed on the physical object. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first server is programmed to deliver, to the patron device, programming instructions effective to program the patron device to conduct a process of pre-authorization between the first server and the patron device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the pre-authorization is mutual between the first server and the patron device; and the first server is programmed to deliver, to the patron device, programming instructions effective to program the patron device to exchange therebetween proprietary information of each, respectively, with the other. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein:
the first server is programmed to deliver, to the patron device, programming instructions effective to program the patron device to request of the main server the requested content based on the identifier, provide patron device information proprietary to the patron device for the mutual authentication, and provide to the first server the identifier; and the event is triggered by an exchange between the patron device and a feature corresponding to a venue of a subscriber controlling the venue and the requested information. 19. A computer readable, non-transitory memory containing data structures as executables containing computer program instructions and operational data to be processed by the executables, the data structures comprising:
a first server programmed to customize delivery of content between itself and a patron device operably connecting thereto over a network by automatic, mutual authorization therebetween; the main server programmed to exchange between itself and the patron device, pre-authorization for subsequent communication of proprietary information of each therebetween, triggered by an event corresponding to the patron device and a feature of a venue controlled by a subscriber controlling requested information physical object in the future; the main server containing instructions effective to provide to the patron device a patron device application effective to provide an identifier constituting data identifying the first server as a proxy for the subscriber, based on the event and the pre-authorization; the patron device application containing instructions programmed to install on a patron device to send to the main server a request for requested content, the request containing an identifier received from and corresponding to the physical object and corresponding to the requested information; the patron device application comprising a first authentication executable deliverable to the patron device from the main server and executable on the patron device to pass the identifier to the server upon request for the requested content; and a second authentication executable on the server effective to access the requested content based on the pre-authorization received from the patron application on the patron device and stored by the database and linked to the requested content and the main server by the identifier. 20. The computer readable, non-transitory memory of claim 19, wherein:
the event is detection by the patron device application of a physical condition corresponding to a venue; and the second authentication executable is programmed to access user profile data based on the identifier as a content access control code and the pre-authorization received from the patron device application. | 2,800 |
343,881 | 16,803,323 | 2,857 | Example network management methods and network devices are described. One example method includes obtaining a configuration parameter by a first network device. The configuration parameter includes a network slice instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier, and/or a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier. The first network device sends the configuration parameter to a second network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a unique access and mobility management function corresponding to a network slice instance and/or a network slice subnet instance can be selected. | 1. A network management method, comprising:
obtaining, by a first network device, a configuration parameter, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following:
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier, and
sending, by the first network device, the configuration parameter to a second network device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of a priority, location information, access technology information, traffic load, or a quantity of access users;
wherein the priority is used to indicate a priority of the access and mobility management function identifier; wherein the location information comprises at least one of a tracking area identity (TA), a routing area identity (RAI), or an evolved-universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI); and wherein the access technology information is used to indicate an access technology used when user equipment accesses at least one of a network slice instance or a network slice subnet instance. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the sending, by the first network device, the configuration parameter to a second network device, the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the first network device, a configuration result sent by the second network device, wherein the configuration result is used to indicate a completion status of configuring the configuration parameter by the second network device. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the access and mobility management function identifier comprises a globally unique access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to an access and mobility management function or an internet protocol address of the access and mobility management function. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first network device is at least one of a network manager (NM), a domain manager (DM), an element manager (EM), a network slice management function (NSMF), a network slice subnet management function (NSSMF), a communication service management function (CSMF), a network functions virtualization orchestration (NFVO) function, or a virtualized network function manager (VNFM). 7. A network management method, comprising:
obtaining, by a second network device, a configuration parameter sent by a first network device, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following:
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier; and
configuring, by the second network device, the configuration parameter. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of a priority, location information, access technology information, traffic load, or a quantity of access users;
wherein the priority is used to indicate a priority of the access and mobility management function identifier; wherein the location information comprises at least one of of a tracking area identity (TAI), a routing area identity (RAI), or an evolved-universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI); and wherein the access technology information is used to indicate an access technology used when user equipment accesses at least one of a network slice instance or a network slice subnet instance. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein after the configuring, by the second network device, the configuration parameter, the method further comprises:
sending, by the second network device, a configuration result to the first network device, wherein the configuration result is used to indicate a completion status of configuring the configuration parameter by the second network device. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the access and mobility management function identifier comprises a globally unique access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to an access and mobility management function or an internet protocol address of the access and mobility management function. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first network device is at least one of a network manager (NM), a domain manager (DM), an element manager (EM), a network slice management function (NSMF), a network slice subnet management function (NSSMF), a communication service management function (CSMF), a network functions virtualization orchestration (NFVO) function, and a virtualized network function manager (VNFM). 13. A network device, wherein the network device is a first network device, and wherein the first network device comprises:
at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, instruct the at least one processor to:
obtain a configuration parameter, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following;
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier, and
send the configuration parameter to a second network device. 14. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. 15. The network device according to claim 14, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of of a priority, location information, access technology information, traffic load, or a quantity of access users:
wherein the priority is used to indicate a priority of the access and mobility management function identifier; wherein the location information comprises one or any combination of a tracking area identity (TAI), a routing area identity (RAI), or an evolved-universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI); and wherein the access technology information is used to indicate an access technology used when user equipment accesses at least one of a network slice instance or a network slice subnet instance. 16. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the instruction further instruct the at least one processor to: after sending the configuration parameter to the second network device, obtain a configuration result sent by the second network device, wherein the configuration result is used to indicate a completion status of configuring the configuration parameter by the second network device. 17. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the access and mobility management function identifier comprises:
a globally unique access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to an access and mobility management function; or an internet protocol address of the access and mobility management function. 18. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the first network device is at least one of a network manager (NM), a domain manager (DM), an element manager (EM), a network slice management function (NSMF), a network slice subnet management function (NSSMF), a communication service management function (CSMF), a network functions virtualization orchestration (NFVO) function, and a virtualized network function manager (VNFM). 19. A network device, wherein the network device is a second network device, and wherein the second network device comprises:
at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, instruct the at least one processor to:
obtain a configuration parameter sent by a first network device, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following:
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier; and
configure the configuration parameter. 20. The network device according to claim 19, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. | Example network management methods and network devices are described. One example method includes obtaining a configuration parameter by a first network device. The configuration parameter includes a network slice instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier, and/or a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier. The first network device sends the configuration parameter to a second network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a unique access and mobility management function corresponding to a network slice instance and/or a network slice subnet instance can be selected.1. A network management method, comprising:
obtaining, by a first network device, a configuration parameter, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following:
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier, and
sending, by the first network device, the configuration parameter to a second network device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of a priority, location information, access technology information, traffic load, or a quantity of access users;
wherein the priority is used to indicate a priority of the access and mobility management function identifier; wherein the location information comprises at least one of a tracking area identity (TA), a routing area identity (RAI), or an evolved-universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI); and wherein the access technology information is used to indicate an access technology used when user equipment accesses at least one of a network slice instance or a network slice subnet instance. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the sending, by the first network device, the configuration parameter to a second network device, the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the first network device, a configuration result sent by the second network device, wherein the configuration result is used to indicate a completion status of configuring the configuration parameter by the second network device. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the access and mobility management function identifier comprises a globally unique access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to an access and mobility management function or an internet protocol address of the access and mobility management function. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first network device is at least one of a network manager (NM), a domain manager (DM), an element manager (EM), a network slice management function (NSMF), a network slice subnet management function (NSSMF), a communication service management function (CSMF), a network functions virtualization orchestration (NFVO) function, or a virtualized network function manager (VNFM). 7. A network management method, comprising:
obtaining, by a second network device, a configuration parameter sent by a first network device, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following:
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier; and
configuring, by the second network device, the configuration parameter. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of a priority, location information, access technology information, traffic load, or a quantity of access users;
wherein the priority is used to indicate a priority of the access and mobility management function identifier; wherein the location information comprises at least one of of a tracking area identity (TAI), a routing area identity (RAI), or an evolved-universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI); and wherein the access technology information is used to indicate an access technology used when user equipment accesses at least one of a network slice instance or a network slice subnet instance. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein after the configuring, by the second network device, the configuration parameter, the method further comprises:
sending, by the second network device, a configuration result to the first network device, wherein the configuration result is used to indicate a completion status of configuring the configuration parameter by the second network device. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the access and mobility management function identifier comprises a globally unique access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to an access and mobility management function or an internet protocol address of the access and mobility management function. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first network device is at least one of a network manager (NM), a domain manager (DM), an element manager (EM), a network slice management function (NSMF), a network slice subnet management function (NSSMF), a communication service management function (CSMF), a network functions virtualization orchestration (NFVO) function, and a virtualized network function manager (VNFM). 13. A network device, wherein the network device is a first network device, and wherein the first network device comprises:
at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, instruct the at least one processor to:
obtain a configuration parameter, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following;
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier, and
send the configuration parameter to a second network device. 14. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. 15. The network device according to claim 14, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of of a priority, location information, access technology information, traffic load, or a quantity of access users:
wherein the priority is used to indicate a priority of the access and mobility management function identifier; wherein the location information comprises one or any combination of a tracking area identity (TAI), a routing area identity (RAI), or an evolved-universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access network cell global identifier (ECGI); and wherein the access technology information is used to indicate an access technology used when user equipment accesses at least one of a network slice instance or a network slice subnet instance. 16. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the instruction further instruct the at least one processor to: after sending the configuration parameter to the second network device, obtain a configuration result sent by the second network device, wherein the configuration result is used to indicate a completion status of configuring the configuration parameter by the second network device. 17. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the access and mobility management function identifier comprises:
a globally unique access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to an access and mobility management function; or an internet protocol address of the access and mobility management function. 18. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the first network device is at least one of a network manager (NM), a domain manager (DM), an element manager (EM), a network slice management function (NSMF), a network slice subnet management function (NSSMF), a communication service management function (CSMF), a network functions virtualization orchestration (NFVO) function, and a virtualized network function manager (VNFM). 19. A network device, wherein the network device is a second network device, and wherein the second network device comprises:
at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, instruct the at least one processor to:
obtain a configuration parameter sent by a first network device, wherein the configuration parameter comprises at least one of following:
a network slice instance identifier, and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice instance identifier; or
a network slice subnet instance identifier and an access and mobility management function identifier corresponding to the network slice subnet instance identifier; and
configure the configuration parameter. 20. The network device according to claim 19, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises assistance information, and wherein the assistance information is used to instruct the second network device to select the access and mobility management function identifier. | 2,800 |
343,882 | 16,803,327 | 2,857 | In determining luminance, a location of human presence is referred. An infrared sensor detects the human presence in its proximity. The infrared sensor's effective detecting region includes a first region and a second region. The first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is. And the first region surrounds the second region. Second, a first luminance is set for human presence within the first region; a second luminance is set for human presence within the second region; and a third luminance is set for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region. In addition, the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance. Third, an illuminating device is activated by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a location of the detected human presence. | 1. A method of determining luminance according to a location of human presence, comprising:
detecting human presence in the proximity of an infrared sensor, wherein an effective detecting region of the infrared sensor includes a first region and a second region, the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; setting a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; and activating an illuminating device by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from an original illuminance to the applied luminance. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
gradually switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the applied luminance. 10. A method of determining luminance according to a location of human presence, comprising:
detecting human presence in the proximity of an infrared sensor, wherein an effective detecting region of the infrared sensor includes a first region and a second region, the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; calculating a lasting time interval when human presence is detected within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor; setting a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; and activating an illuminating device using the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor and the lasting time interval of the detected human presence. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region and when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence within the first region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region and when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence within the second region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region for at least a predetermined time interval. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from an original illuminance to the applied luminance when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence exceeds a predetermined waiting time interval. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region and when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence within the first region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region and when the detected human presence within the second region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region for at least a predetermined time interval. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein switching illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
gradually switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the applied luminance when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence exceeds the predetermined waiting time interval. 19. An illuminating device, comprising:
an infrared sensor, configured to detect human presence within its effective detecting region, which includes a first region and a second region, wherein the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; a memory, configured to store luminance setting of the illuminating device that includes a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; an illuminating component; and a processing unit, configured to activate the illuminating component by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor. 20. An illuminating device, comprising:
an infrared sensor, configured to detect human presence within its effective detecting region, which includes a first region and a second region, wherein the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; a timer, configured to calculate a lasting time interval when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor; a memory, configured to store luminance setting of the illuminating device that includes a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; an illuminating component; and a processing unit, configured to activate the illuminating component by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor and a result of calculating the lasting time interval. | In determining luminance, a location of human presence is referred. An infrared sensor detects the human presence in its proximity. The infrared sensor's effective detecting region includes a first region and a second region. The first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is. And the first region surrounds the second region. Second, a first luminance is set for human presence within the first region; a second luminance is set for human presence within the second region; and a third luminance is set for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region. In addition, the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance. Third, an illuminating device is activated by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a location of the detected human presence.1. A method of determining luminance according to a location of human presence, comprising:
detecting human presence in the proximity of an infrared sensor, wherein an effective detecting region of the infrared sensor includes a first region and a second region, the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; setting a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; and activating an illuminating device by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from an original illuminance to the applied luminance. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
gradually switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the applied luminance. 10. A method of determining luminance according to a location of human presence, comprising:
detecting human presence in the proximity of an infrared sensor, wherein an effective detecting region of the infrared sensor includes a first region and a second region, the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; calculating a lasting time interval when human presence is detected within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor; setting a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; and activating an illuminating device using the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor and the lasting time interval of the detected human presence. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region and when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence within the first region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region and when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence within the second region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
activating the illuminating device by applying the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region for at least a predetermined time interval. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein activating the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from an original illuminance to the applied luminance when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence exceeds a predetermined waiting time interval. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the first luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the first region and when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence within the first region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the second luminance when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the second region and when the detected human presence within the second region exceeds a predetermined time interval. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein switching the illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the third luminance when the infrared sensor fails to detect human presence within either the first region or the second region for at least a predetermined time interval. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein switching illuminance of the illuminating device comprises:
gradually switching illuminance of the illuminating device from the original illuminance to the applied luminance when the lasting time interval of the detected human presence exceeds the predetermined waiting time interval. 19. An illuminating device, comprising:
an infrared sensor, configured to detect human presence within its effective detecting region, which includes a first region and a second region, wherein the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; a memory, configured to store luminance setting of the illuminating device that includes a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; an illuminating component; and a processing unit, configured to activate the illuminating component by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor. 20. An illuminating device, comprising:
an infrared sensor, configured to detect human presence within its effective detecting region, which includes a first region and a second region, wherein the first region is farer from the infrared sensor than the second region is, and the first region surrounds the second region; a timer, configured to calculate a lasting time interval when the infrared sensor detects human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor; a memory, configured to store luminance setting of the illuminating device that includes a first luminance for human presence within the first region, a second luminance for human presence within the second region, and a third luminance for nonoccurrence of human presence within both the first region and the second region, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first illuminance, and the first illuminance is higher than the third illuminance; an illuminating component; and a processing unit, configured to activate the illuminating component by applying the first luminance, the second luminance, or the third luminance, in response to a result of detecting human presence within the effective detecting region of the infrared sensor and a result of calculating the lasting time interval. | 2,800 |
343,883 | 16,803,305 | 2,857 | A composition is provided, wherein the composition includes an aqueous solvent, phenol, croton oil, and at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester, and wherein the composition has a rate of separation of less than or equal to 0.5 mm/s. Another composition is also provided, wherein the composition includes an aqueous solvent, benzyl alcohol, ethylhexylglycerin, and at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester. The compositions may be incorporated in to methods for treating skin conditions and cleansing skin, respectively. | 1. A composition for treating a skin condition, comprising:
(i) an aqueous solvent, (ii) phenol, (iii) croton oil, and (iv) at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester, wherein the composition has a rate of separation of less than or equal to 0.5 mm/s. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solvent is present in the composition at a concentration from 50% by weight to 99% by weight. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the phenol is present in the composition at a concentration from 5% by weight to 90% by weight. 4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the croton oil is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.0001% by weight to 3.0% by weight. 5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the phenol is present in the composition at a concentration from 5% by weight to 90% by weight. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the croton oil is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.0001% by weight to 3.0% by weight. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester is present in the composition at a concentration of less than 0.5% by weight. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester comprises a carbon chain length from 8 carbon atoms to 12 carbon atoms. 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester has a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of greater than or equal to 15.0. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one at least saturated one non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester comprises a polyethylene glycol sorbitan laurate. 13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the polyethylene glycol sorbitan laurate is selected from the group consisting of PEG-20 sorbitan monolaurate, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, and combinations thereof. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is provided in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, a cream, a gel, an ointment, a suspension, and a liquid. 15. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising an internal phase consisting of the phenol and the croton oil. 16. The composition according to claim 15, wherein the internal phase comprises a uniform particle size from 1 micron to 2 microns. 17. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is free of triclosan. 18. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solvent comprises water. 19. A composition for treating a skin condition, consisting essentially of:
(i) from 50% by weight to 99% by weight water, (ii) from 30% by weight to 40% by weight phenol, (iii) from 1.0% by weight to 2.0% by weight croton oil, and (iv) from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, wherein the composition has a rate of separation of less than or equal to 0.5 mm/s. 20. A method for treating a skin condition, comprising:
topically applying a chemical peel to the skin of a subject, wherein the chemical peel comprises: (i) an aqueous solvent, (ii) phenol, (iii) croton oil, and (iv) at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester. 0 | A composition is provided, wherein the composition includes an aqueous solvent, phenol, croton oil, and at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester, and wherein the composition has a rate of separation of less than or equal to 0.5 mm/s. Another composition is also provided, wherein the composition includes an aqueous solvent, benzyl alcohol, ethylhexylglycerin, and at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester. The compositions may be incorporated in to methods for treating skin conditions and cleansing skin, respectively.1. A composition for treating a skin condition, comprising:
(i) an aqueous solvent, (ii) phenol, (iii) croton oil, and (iv) at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester, wherein the composition has a rate of separation of less than or equal to 0.5 mm/s. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solvent is present in the composition at a concentration from 50% by weight to 99% by weight. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the phenol is present in the composition at a concentration from 5% by weight to 90% by weight. 4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the croton oil is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.0001% by weight to 3.0% by weight. 5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the phenol is present in the composition at a concentration from 5% by weight to 90% by weight. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the croton oil is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.0001% by weight to 3.0% by weight. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester is present in the composition at a concentration of less than 0.5% by weight. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester comprises a carbon chain length from 8 carbon atoms to 12 carbon atoms. 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester has a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of greater than or equal to 15.0. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one at least saturated one non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester comprises a polyethylene glycol sorbitan laurate. 13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the polyethylene glycol sorbitan laurate is selected from the group consisting of PEG-20 sorbitan monolaurate, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, and combinations thereof. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is provided in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, a cream, a gel, an ointment, a suspension, and a liquid. 15. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising an internal phase consisting of the phenol and the croton oil. 16. The composition according to claim 15, wherein the internal phase comprises a uniform particle size from 1 micron to 2 microns. 17. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is free of triclosan. 18. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solvent comprises water. 19. A composition for treating a skin condition, consisting essentially of:
(i) from 50% by weight to 99% by weight water, (ii) from 30% by weight to 40% by weight phenol, (iii) from 1.0% by weight to 2.0% by weight croton oil, and (iv) from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, wherein the composition has a rate of separation of less than or equal to 0.5 mm/s. 20. A method for treating a skin condition, comprising:
topically applying a chemical peel to the skin of a subject, wherein the chemical peel comprises: (i) an aqueous solvent, (ii) phenol, (iii) croton oil, and (iv) at least one saturated non-ionic ethoxylated fatty acid ester. 0 | 2,800 |
343,884 | 16,803,354 | 2,857 | A method for blow molding a container includes heating a central region of a preformed puck to a first temperature, and heating an annular region surrounding the central region of the preformed puck to a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. The heated preformed puck is arranged at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold that defines an outer shape of the container. The heated preformed puck is secured to the upper end of the mold cavity. The heated reformed puck is stretched by pressing a plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold cavity in a longitudinal direction of the mold cavity toward a lower end of the mold cavity. Pressurized air is then applied to the mold cavity so that the heated preformed puck stretches to conform to the shape of the inner wall of the mold cavity. | 1. A method for blow molding a container, comprising:
heating a central region of a preformed puck to a first temperature; heating an annular region surrounding the central region of the preformed puck to a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is greater than the first temperature; arranging the heated preformed puck at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold, wherein an inner wall of the mold cavity defines an outer shape of the container; stretching the heated preformed puck by pressing a plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold cavity in a longitudinal direction of the mold cavity toward a lower end of the mold cavity; and applying pressurized air to the mold cavity so that the heated preformed puck stretches to conform to the shape of the inner wall of the mold cavity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein stretching the heated preformed puck comprises using the plunger having a maximum diameter that is the same as a diameter of the central region of the preformed puck. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the central region and heating the annular region comprises conductive heating. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressurized air is performed with a tip of the plunger spaced from a lower end of the mold cavity. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressurized air comprises applying the air at a pressure of 15 bar to 20 bar. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising maintaining a second annular region surrounding the annular region at a third temperature that is less than each of the first temperature and the second temperature. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second temperature is 1° C. to 25° C. greater than be first temperature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the preformed puck comprises a circular plate having an upstanding wall at a perimeter of the circular plate and a flange extending outwardly from an upper end of the upstanding wall. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the preformed puck comprises polyethyelene terephthalate. 10. A method of blow molding a container, comprising:
heating a preformed puck to a temperature at or above a glass transition temperature of a material of the preformed puck; arranging the preformed puck at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold, wherein the preformed puck comprises a circular plate having an upstanding wall at a perimeter of the circular plate, and a flange extending outwardly from an upper end of the upstanding wall, and wherein an inner wall of the mold cavity defines an outer shape of the container; securing the preformed puck to the upper end of the mold cavity by a securing member of the mold such that the flange is secured between the upper end of the mold cavity and the securing member; stretching the circular plate of the heated preformed puck by pressing a plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold along a longitudinal axis of the mold; and applying pressurized air to the mold so that the preformed puck stretches to conform to the inner wall of the mold. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein heating the preformed puck comprises non-uniformly heating the preformed puck. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising heating a central region of the preformed puck to a first temperature, and heating an annular region of the preformed puck surrounding the central region to a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the plunger has a maximum diameter that is 30% to 60% of a diameter of an opening of the mold cavity. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the circular plate has a greater thickness than a thickness of the flange of the preformed puck. 15. A method of forming a container, comprising:
heating the preformed puck non-uniformly such that a first portion of the preformed puck is at a first temperature and a second portion of the preformed puck is at a second temperature that differs from the first temperature; arranging the heated preformed puck at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold, wherein an inner wall of the mold cavity defines an outer shape of the container; securing the heated preformed puck to the upper end of the mold cavity; stretching the heated preformed puck using a plunger by pressing the plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold cavity along a longitudinal direction of the mold cavity; and applying pressurized air to the mold cavity when the plunger is at a depth of 50% to 90% of a depth of the mold cavity so that the heated preformed puck conforms to a shape of the inner wall of the mold cavity. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein pressurized air is applied to the mold cavity when the plunger is at a depth of 60% to 80% of the depth of the mold cavity. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein stretching the heated preformed puck comprises pressing the plunger with a speed of 0.10 m/s to 0.25 m/s. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the preformed puck comprises a flange at a perimeter of the circular plate and wherein the flange is not stretched during stretching the heated preformed puck. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the plunger comprises a rounded tip configured to contact the heated preformed puck. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the plunger comprises metal. | A method for blow molding a container includes heating a central region of a preformed puck to a first temperature, and heating an annular region surrounding the central region of the preformed puck to a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. The heated preformed puck is arranged at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold that defines an outer shape of the container. The heated preformed puck is secured to the upper end of the mold cavity. The heated reformed puck is stretched by pressing a plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold cavity in a longitudinal direction of the mold cavity toward a lower end of the mold cavity. Pressurized air is then applied to the mold cavity so that the heated preformed puck stretches to conform to the shape of the inner wall of the mold cavity.1. A method for blow molding a container, comprising:
heating a central region of a preformed puck to a first temperature; heating an annular region surrounding the central region of the preformed puck to a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is greater than the first temperature; arranging the heated preformed puck at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold, wherein an inner wall of the mold cavity defines an outer shape of the container; stretching the heated preformed puck by pressing a plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold cavity in a longitudinal direction of the mold cavity toward a lower end of the mold cavity; and applying pressurized air to the mold cavity so that the heated preformed puck stretches to conform to the shape of the inner wall of the mold cavity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein stretching the heated preformed puck comprises using the plunger having a maximum diameter that is the same as a diameter of the central region of the preformed puck. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the central region and heating the annular region comprises conductive heating. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressurized air is performed with a tip of the plunger spaced from a lower end of the mold cavity. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressurized air comprises applying the air at a pressure of 15 bar to 20 bar. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising maintaining a second annular region surrounding the annular region at a third temperature that is less than each of the first temperature and the second temperature. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second temperature is 1° C. to 25° C. greater than be first temperature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the preformed puck comprises a circular plate having an upstanding wall at a perimeter of the circular plate and a flange extending outwardly from an upper end of the upstanding wall. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the preformed puck comprises polyethyelene terephthalate. 10. A method of blow molding a container, comprising:
heating a preformed puck to a temperature at or above a glass transition temperature of a material of the preformed puck; arranging the preformed puck at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold, wherein the preformed puck comprises a circular plate having an upstanding wall at a perimeter of the circular plate, and a flange extending outwardly from an upper end of the upstanding wall, and wherein an inner wall of the mold cavity defines an outer shape of the container; securing the preformed puck to the upper end of the mold cavity by a securing member of the mold such that the flange is secured between the upper end of the mold cavity and the securing member; stretching the circular plate of the heated preformed puck by pressing a plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold along a longitudinal axis of the mold; and applying pressurized air to the mold so that the preformed puck stretches to conform to the inner wall of the mold. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein heating the preformed puck comprises non-uniformly heating the preformed puck. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising heating a central region of the preformed puck to a first temperature, and heating an annular region of the preformed puck surrounding the central region to a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the plunger has a maximum diameter that is 30% to 60% of a diameter of an opening of the mold cavity. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the circular plate has a greater thickness than a thickness of the flange of the preformed puck. 15. A method of forming a container, comprising:
heating the preformed puck non-uniformly such that a first portion of the preformed puck is at a first temperature and a second portion of the preformed puck is at a second temperature that differs from the first temperature; arranging the heated preformed puck at an upper end of a mold cavity of a mold, wherein an inner wall of the mold cavity defines an outer shape of the container; securing the heated preformed puck to the upper end of the mold cavity; stretching the heated preformed puck using a plunger by pressing the plunger into the heated preformed puck and into the mold cavity along a longitudinal direction of the mold cavity; and applying pressurized air to the mold cavity when the plunger is at a depth of 50% to 90% of a depth of the mold cavity so that the heated preformed puck conforms to a shape of the inner wall of the mold cavity. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein pressurized air is applied to the mold cavity when the plunger is at a depth of 60% to 80% of the depth of the mold cavity. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein stretching the heated preformed puck comprises pressing the plunger with a speed of 0.10 m/s to 0.25 m/s. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the preformed puck comprises a flange at a perimeter of the circular plate and wherein the flange is not stretched during stretching the heated preformed puck. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the plunger comprises a rounded tip configured to contact the heated preformed puck. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the plunger comprises metal. | 2,800 |
343,885 | 16,803,270 | 2,857 | Systems and methods for predicting post-discharge risk are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient and access stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes. The processor may analyze the accessed frames and, based on information obtained from the historical data, identify in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event. The processor may further determine, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure, and output the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. | 1-262. (canceled) 263. A computer-implemented method for predicting post-discharge risk, the method comprising:
accessing frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient; accessing stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes; analyzing the accessed frames, and based on information obtained from the historical data, identifying in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event; determining, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure; and outputting the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. 264. The method of claim 263, wherein identifying the at least one specific intraoperative event is based on at least one of a detected surgical tool in the accessed frames, a detected anatomical structure in the accessed frames, an interaction in the accessed frames between a surgical tool and an anatomical structure, or a detected abnormal fluid leakage situation in the accessed frames. 265. The method of claim 263, wherein a machine learning model is used to identify in the accessed frames the at least one specific intraoperative event, the machine learning model trained using example training data. 266. The method of claim 263, wherein determining the predicted outcome is based on at least one of a characteristic of the patient, an electronic medical record, or a postoperative surgical report. 267. The method of claim 263, wherein a machine learning model is used to determine the predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure based on intraoperative events, the machine learning model trained using training examples. 268. The method of claim 267, wherein determining a predicted outcome includes using the trained machine learning model to predict surgical outcomes based on the identified intraoperative event and an identified characteristic of the patient. 269. The method of claim 267, wherein the method further comprises receiving information identifying a realized surgical outcome following the surgical procedure and updating the machine learning model by training the machine learning model using the received information. 270. The method of claim 263, wherein the method further comprises identifying a characteristic of the patient, and wherein the predicted outcome is also determined based on the identified patient characteristic. 271. The method of claim 270, wherein the patient characteristic is derived from an electronic medical record. 272. The method of claim 270, wherein identifying the patient characteristic includes using a machine learning model to analyze the accessed frames, the machine learning model being trained to identify patient characteristics using, training examples of historical surgical procedures and corresponding historical patient characteristics. 273. The method of claim 263, wherein the predicted outcome includes at least one of a post-discharge mishap, a post-discharge adverse event, a post-discharge complication, or an estimate of a risk of readmission. 274. The method of claim 263, further comprising accessing a data structure containing recommended sequences of surgical events, and wherein identifying the at least one specific intraoperative event is based on an identification of a deviation between a recommended sequence of events for the surgical procedure identified in the data structure, and an actual sequence of events detected in the accessed frames. 275. The method of claim 274, wherein the identification of the deviation is based on at least one of a detected surgical tool in the accessed frames, a detected anatomical structure in the accessed frames, or an interaction in the accessed frames between a surgical tool and an anatomical structure. 276. The method of claim 274, wherein the identification of the deviation includes using a machine learning model trained to identify deviations from recommended sequences of events based on historical surgical video footage, historical recommended sequences of events, and information identifying deviations from the historical recommended sequences of events in the historical video footage. 277. The method of claim 274, wherein identifying the deviation includes comparing the accessed frames to reference frames depicting the recommended sequence of events. 278. The method of claim 263, wherein outputting the predicted outcome includes updating an electronic medical record associated with the patient. 279. The method of claim 263, wherein outputting the predicted outcome includes transmitting the predicted outcome to a data-receiving device associated with a health care provider. 280. The method of claim 263, wherein the method further comprises determining at least one action likely to improve the predicted outcome based on the accessed frames, and providing a recommendation based on the determined at least one action. 281. A system for predicting post-discharge risk, the system comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
access frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient;
access stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes;
analyze the accessed frames, and based on information obtained from the historical data, identify in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event;
determine, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure; and
output the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. 282. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling prediction of post-discharge risk, the operations comprising:
accessing frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient; accessing stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes; analyzing the accessed frames, and based on information obtained from the historical data, identifying in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event; determining, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure; and outputting the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. | Systems and methods for predicting post-discharge risk are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient and access stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes. The processor may analyze the accessed frames and, based on information obtained from the historical data, identify in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event. The processor may further determine, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure, and output the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient.1-262. (canceled) 263. A computer-implemented method for predicting post-discharge risk, the method comprising:
accessing frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient; accessing stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes; analyzing the accessed frames, and based on information obtained from the historical data, identifying in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event; determining, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure; and outputting the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. 264. The method of claim 263, wherein identifying the at least one specific intraoperative event is based on at least one of a detected surgical tool in the accessed frames, a detected anatomical structure in the accessed frames, an interaction in the accessed frames between a surgical tool and an anatomical structure, or a detected abnormal fluid leakage situation in the accessed frames. 265. The method of claim 263, wherein a machine learning model is used to identify in the accessed frames the at least one specific intraoperative event, the machine learning model trained using example training data. 266. The method of claim 263, wherein determining the predicted outcome is based on at least one of a characteristic of the patient, an electronic medical record, or a postoperative surgical report. 267. The method of claim 263, wherein a machine learning model is used to determine the predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure based on intraoperative events, the machine learning model trained using training examples. 268. The method of claim 267, wherein determining a predicted outcome includes using the trained machine learning model to predict surgical outcomes based on the identified intraoperative event and an identified characteristic of the patient. 269. The method of claim 267, wherein the method further comprises receiving information identifying a realized surgical outcome following the surgical procedure and updating the machine learning model by training the machine learning model using the received information. 270. The method of claim 263, wherein the method further comprises identifying a characteristic of the patient, and wherein the predicted outcome is also determined based on the identified patient characteristic. 271. The method of claim 270, wherein the patient characteristic is derived from an electronic medical record. 272. The method of claim 270, wherein identifying the patient characteristic includes using a machine learning model to analyze the accessed frames, the machine learning model being trained to identify patient characteristics using, training examples of historical surgical procedures and corresponding historical patient characteristics. 273. The method of claim 263, wherein the predicted outcome includes at least one of a post-discharge mishap, a post-discharge adverse event, a post-discharge complication, or an estimate of a risk of readmission. 274. The method of claim 263, further comprising accessing a data structure containing recommended sequences of surgical events, and wherein identifying the at least one specific intraoperative event is based on an identification of a deviation between a recommended sequence of events for the surgical procedure identified in the data structure, and an actual sequence of events detected in the accessed frames. 275. The method of claim 274, wherein the identification of the deviation is based on at least one of a detected surgical tool in the accessed frames, a detected anatomical structure in the accessed frames, or an interaction in the accessed frames between a surgical tool and an anatomical structure. 276. The method of claim 274, wherein the identification of the deviation includes using a machine learning model trained to identify deviations from recommended sequences of events based on historical surgical video footage, historical recommended sequences of events, and information identifying deviations from the historical recommended sequences of events in the historical video footage. 277. The method of claim 274, wherein identifying the deviation includes comparing the accessed frames to reference frames depicting the recommended sequence of events. 278. The method of claim 263, wherein outputting the predicted outcome includes updating an electronic medical record associated with the patient. 279. The method of claim 263, wherein outputting the predicted outcome includes transmitting the predicted outcome to a data-receiving device associated with a health care provider. 280. The method of claim 263, wherein the method further comprises determining at least one action likely to improve the predicted outcome based on the accessed frames, and providing a recommendation based on the determined at least one action. 281. A system for predicting post-discharge risk, the system comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
access frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient;
access stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes;
analyze the accessed frames, and based on information obtained from the historical data, identify in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event;
determine, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure; and
output the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. 282. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling prediction of post-discharge risk, the operations comprising:
accessing frames of video captured during a specific surgical procedure on a patient; accessing stored historical data identifying intraoperative events and associated outcomes; analyzing the accessed frames, and based on information obtained from the historical data, identifying in the accessed frames at least one specific intraoperative event; determining, based on information obtained from the historical data and the identified at least one intraoperative event, a predicted outcome associated with the specific surgical procedure; and outputting the predicted outcome in a manner associating the predicted outcome with the patient. | 2,800 |
343,886 | 16,803,356 | 2,857 | Transportation systems have artificial intelligence including neural networks for recognition and classification of objects and behavior including natural language processing and computer vision systems. The transportation systems involve sets of complex chemical processes, mechanical systems, and interactions with behaviors of operators. System-level interactions and behaviors are classified, predicted and optimized using neural networks and other artificial intelligence systems through selective deployment, as well as hybrids and combinations of the artificial intelligence systems, neural networks, expert systems, cognitive systems, genetic algorithms and deep learning. | 1. A method of robotic process automation to facilitate mimicking human operator operation of a vehicle, comprising:
tracking human interactions with a vehicle control-facilitating interface; recording the tracked human interactions in a robotic process automation system training data structure; tracking vehicle operational state information of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle is to be controlled through the vehicle control-facilitating interface; recording the vehicle operational state information in the robotic process automation system training data structure; and training, through the use of at least one neural network, an artificial intelligence system to operate the vehicle in a manner consistent with the human interactions based on the human interactions and the vehicle operational state information in the robotic process automation system training data structure. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising controlling at least one aspect of the vehicle with the trained artificial intelligence system. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising applying deep learning to the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle by structured variation in the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle to mimic the human interactions and processing feedback from the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle with machine learning. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the controlling at least one aspect of the vehicle is performed via the vehicle control-facilitating interface. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the controlling at least one aspect of the vehicle is performed by the artificial intelligence system emulating the control-facilitating interface being operated by the human. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the vehicle control-facilitating interface comprises at least one of an audio capture system to capture audible expressions of the human, a human-machine interface, a mechanical interface, an optical interface and a sensor-based interface. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking at least one of a set of vehicle systems and a set of vehicle operational processes affected by the human interactions. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking at least one vehicle system element, wherein the at least one vehicle system element is controlled via the vehicle control-facilitating interface, and wherein the at least one vehicle system element is affected by the human interactions. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking the vehicle operational state information before, during, and after the human interaction. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking at least one of a plurality of vehicle control system outputs that result from the human interactions and vehicle operational results achieved in response to the human interactions. 11. The method of claim 2 wherein the vehicle is to be controlled to achieve results that are consistent with results achieved via the human interactions. 12. The method of claim 2 further comprising tracking and recording conditions proximal to the vehicle with a plurality of vehicle mounted sensors, wherein the training of the artificial intelligence system is further responsive to the conditions proximal to the vehicle tracked contemporaneously to the human interactions. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the training is further responsive to a plurality of data feeds from remote sensors, the plurality of data feeds comprising data collected by the remote sensors contemporaneous to the human interactions. 14. The method of claim 2 wherein the artificial intelligence system employs a workflow that involves decision-making and the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of the decision-making. 15. The method of claim 2 wherein the artificial intelligence system employs a workflow that involves remote control of the vehicle and the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of remotely controlling the vehicle. 16. A transportation system for mimicking human operation of a vehicle, comprising:
a robotic process automation systems comprising:
an operator data collection module to capture human operator interaction with a vehicle control system interface;
a vehicle data collection module to capture vehicle response and operating conditions associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; and
an environment data collection module to capture instances of environmental information associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; and
an artificial intelligence system to learn to mimic the human operator to control the vehicle responsive to the robotic process automation system detecting data indicative of at least one of a plurality of the instances of environmental information associated with the contemporaneously captured vehicle response and operating conditions. 17. The transportation system of claim 16 wherein the operator data collection module is to capture patterns of data including braking patterns, follow-behind distance, approach to curve acceleration patterns, lane preferences, and passing preferences. 18. The transportation system of claim 16 wherein vehicle data collection module captures data from a plurality of vehicle data systems that provide data streams indicating states and changes in state in steering, braking, acceleration, forward looking images, and rear-looking images. 19. The transportation system of claim 16 wherein the artificial intelligence system includes a neural network for training the artificial intelligence system. 20. A robotic process automation method of mimicking human operation of a vehicle, comprising:
capturing human operator interactions with a vehicle control system interface; capturing vehicle response and operating conditions associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; capturing instances of environmental information associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; and training an artificial intelligence system to control the vehicle mimicking the human operator responsive to the environment data collection module detecting data indicative of at least one of a plurality of the instances of environmental information associated with the contemporaneously captured vehicle response and operating conditions. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising applying deep learning in the artificial intelligence system to optimize a margin of vehicle operating safety by affecting the controlling of the at least one aspect of the vehicle by structured variation in the controlling of the at least one aspect of the vehicle to mimic the human interactions and processing feedback from the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle with machine learning. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of a decision-making workflow employed by the artificial intelligence system. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of a remote control workflow that the artificial intelligence system employs to remotely control the vehicle. | Transportation systems have artificial intelligence including neural networks for recognition and classification of objects and behavior including natural language processing and computer vision systems. The transportation systems involve sets of complex chemical processes, mechanical systems, and interactions with behaviors of operators. System-level interactions and behaviors are classified, predicted and optimized using neural networks and other artificial intelligence systems through selective deployment, as well as hybrids and combinations of the artificial intelligence systems, neural networks, expert systems, cognitive systems, genetic algorithms and deep learning.1. A method of robotic process automation to facilitate mimicking human operator operation of a vehicle, comprising:
tracking human interactions with a vehicle control-facilitating interface; recording the tracked human interactions in a robotic process automation system training data structure; tracking vehicle operational state information of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle is to be controlled through the vehicle control-facilitating interface; recording the vehicle operational state information in the robotic process automation system training data structure; and training, through the use of at least one neural network, an artificial intelligence system to operate the vehicle in a manner consistent with the human interactions based on the human interactions and the vehicle operational state information in the robotic process automation system training data structure. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising controlling at least one aspect of the vehicle with the trained artificial intelligence system. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising applying deep learning to the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle by structured variation in the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle to mimic the human interactions and processing feedback from the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle with machine learning. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the controlling at least one aspect of the vehicle is performed via the vehicle control-facilitating interface. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the controlling at least one aspect of the vehicle is performed by the artificial intelligence system emulating the control-facilitating interface being operated by the human. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the vehicle control-facilitating interface comprises at least one of an audio capture system to capture audible expressions of the human, a human-machine interface, a mechanical interface, an optical interface and a sensor-based interface. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking at least one of a set of vehicle systems and a set of vehicle operational processes affected by the human interactions. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking at least one vehicle system element, wherein the at least one vehicle system element is controlled via the vehicle control-facilitating interface, and wherein the at least one vehicle system element is affected by the human interactions. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking the vehicle operational state information before, during, and after the human interaction. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the tracking vehicle operational state information comprises tracking at least one of a plurality of vehicle control system outputs that result from the human interactions and vehicle operational results achieved in response to the human interactions. 11. The method of claim 2 wherein the vehicle is to be controlled to achieve results that are consistent with results achieved via the human interactions. 12. The method of claim 2 further comprising tracking and recording conditions proximal to the vehicle with a plurality of vehicle mounted sensors, wherein the training of the artificial intelligence system is further responsive to the conditions proximal to the vehicle tracked contemporaneously to the human interactions. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the training is further responsive to a plurality of data feeds from remote sensors, the plurality of data feeds comprising data collected by the remote sensors contemporaneous to the human interactions. 14. The method of claim 2 wherein the artificial intelligence system employs a workflow that involves decision-making and the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of the decision-making. 15. The method of claim 2 wherein the artificial intelligence system employs a workflow that involves remote control of the vehicle and the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of remotely controlling the vehicle. 16. A transportation system for mimicking human operation of a vehicle, comprising:
a robotic process automation systems comprising:
an operator data collection module to capture human operator interaction with a vehicle control system interface;
a vehicle data collection module to capture vehicle response and operating conditions associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; and
an environment data collection module to capture instances of environmental information associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; and
an artificial intelligence system to learn to mimic the human operator to control the vehicle responsive to the robotic process automation system detecting data indicative of at least one of a plurality of the instances of environmental information associated with the contemporaneously captured vehicle response and operating conditions. 17. The transportation system of claim 16 wherein the operator data collection module is to capture patterns of data including braking patterns, follow-behind distance, approach to curve acceleration patterns, lane preferences, and passing preferences. 18. The transportation system of claim 16 wherein vehicle data collection module captures data from a plurality of vehicle data systems that provide data streams indicating states and changes in state in steering, braking, acceleration, forward looking images, and rear-looking images. 19. The transportation system of claim 16 wherein the artificial intelligence system includes a neural network for training the artificial intelligence system. 20. A robotic process automation method of mimicking human operation of a vehicle, comprising:
capturing human operator interactions with a vehicle control system interface; capturing vehicle response and operating conditions associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; capturing instances of environmental information associated at least contemporaneously with the human operator interaction; and training an artificial intelligence system to control the vehicle mimicking the human operator responsive to the environment data collection module detecting data indicative of at least one of a plurality of the instances of environmental information associated with the contemporaneously captured vehicle response and operating conditions. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising applying deep learning in the artificial intelligence system to optimize a margin of vehicle operating safety by affecting the controlling of the at least one aspect of the vehicle by structured variation in the controlling of the at least one aspect of the vehicle to mimic the human interactions and processing feedback from the controlling the at least one aspect of the vehicle with machine learning. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of a decision-making workflow employed by the artificial intelligence system. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the robotic process automation system facilitates automation of a remote control workflow that the artificial intelligence system employs to remotely control the vehicle. | 2,800 |
343,887 | 16,803,355 | 2,857 | A silicon carbide semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, first semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type, first base regions of the second conductivity type, second base regions of the second conductivity type, gate insulating films, gate electrodes, a first electrode, a second electrode, and trenches. Between the trenches, the first base regions are in contact with the second semiconductor layer. The second base regions are provided at positions facing the trenches in a depth direction, respectively, and have a first surface facing the second electrode and a second surface facing the first electrode, where a curvature of the first surface is smaller than a curvature of the second surface. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate, the first semiconductor layer having a first surface and a second surface that is opposite to the first side and faces the front surface of the semiconductor substrate; a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, provided on the first surface of the first semiconductor layer; a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type, selectively provided in a surface layer of the second semiconductor layer; a plurality of trenches penetrating the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor layer, and reaching the first semiconductor layer; a plurality of gate electrodes each provided in a corresponding trench of the plurality of trenches, via a gate insulating film; a first base region of the second conductivity type, provided in the first semiconductor layer, between adjacent trenches of the plurality of trenches, the first base region being in contact with the second semiconductor layer; a plurality of second base regions of the second conductivity type, provided in the first semiconductor layer, second base regions of the plurality of second base regions facing trenches of the plurality of trenches, respectively, in a depth direction; a first electrode in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor layer; and a second electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein each of the plurality of second base regions has a first surface facing the second electrode and a second surface facing the first electrode, and a curvature of the first surface is smaller than a curvature of the second surface. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a depth of a portion of the first base region where a width of the first base region is greatest and a depth of a portion of the each of the plurality of second base regions where a width of the each of the plurality of second base regions is greatest are equal. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a distance between the second surface of one of the plurality of second base regions and the second semiconductor layer is less than a distance between the first base region and the one of the plurality of second base regions. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first base region has a surface that faces the second electrode, and the curvature of the first surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions is smaller than a curvature of the surface of the first base region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a third semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided in a surface layer of the first semiconductor layer, and having an impurity concentration that is higher than the impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer, wherein the third semiconductor layer includes a first third semiconductor layer that is deeper than the second surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions and a second third semiconductor layer that is shallower than the first surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions, and the second third semiconductor layer has an impurity concentration that is lower than an impurity concentration of the first third semiconductor layer. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a third semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided in a surface layer of the first semiconductor layer, and having an impurity concentration that is higher than the impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer, wherein the third semiconductor layer includes a first third semiconductor layer that is deeper than the second surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions and a second third semiconductor layer that is shallower than the first surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions, and the first third semiconductor layer has an impurity concentration that is equal to an impurity concentration of the second third semiconductor layer. | A silicon carbide semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, first semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type, first base regions of the second conductivity type, second base regions of the second conductivity type, gate insulating films, gate electrodes, a first electrode, a second electrode, and trenches. Between the trenches, the first base regions are in contact with the second semiconductor layer. The second base regions are provided at positions facing the trenches in a depth direction, respectively, and have a first surface facing the second electrode and a second surface facing the first electrode, where a curvature of the first surface is smaller than a curvature of the second surface.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type; a first semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate, and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate, the first semiconductor layer having a first surface and a second surface that is opposite to the first side and faces the front surface of the semiconductor substrate; a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, provided on the first surface of the first semiconductor layer; a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type, selectively provided in a surface layer of the second semiconductor layer; a plurality of trenches penetrating the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor layer, and reaching the first semiconductor layer; a plurality of gate electrodes each provided in a corresponding trench of the plurality of trenches, via a gate insulating film; a first base region of the second conductivity type, provided in the first semiconductor layer, between adjacent trenches of the plurality of trenches, the first base region being in contact with the second semiconductor layer; a plurality of second base regions of the second conductivity type, provided in the first semiconductor layer, second base regions of the plurality of second base regions facing trenches of the plurality of trenches, respectively, in a depth direction; a first electrode in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor layer; and a second electrode provided on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein each of the plurality of second base regions has a first surface facing the second electrode and a second surface facing the first electrode, and a curvature of the first surface is smaller than a curvature of the second surface. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a depth of a portion of the first base region where a width of the first base region is greatest and a depth of a portion of the each of the plurality of second base regions where a width of the each of the plurality of second base regions is greatest are equal. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
a distance between the second surface of one of the plurality of second base regions and the second semiconductor layer is less than a distance between the first base region and the one of the plurality of second base regions. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the first base region has a surface that faces the second electrode, and the curvature of the first surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions is smaller than a curvature of the surface of the first base region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a third semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided in a surface layer of the first semiconductor layer, and having an impurity concentration that is higher than the impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer, wherein the third semiconductor layer includes a first third semiconductor layer that is deeper than the second surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions and a second third semiconductor layer that is shallower than the first surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions, and the second third semiconductor layer has an impurity concentration that is lower than an impurity concentration of the first third semiconductor layer. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising
a third semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, provided in a surface layer of the first semiconductor layer, and having an impurity concentration that is higher than the impurity concentration of the first semiconductor layer, wherein the third semiconductor layer includes a first third semiconductor layer that is deeper than the second surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions and a second third semiconductor layer that is shallower than the first surface of the each of the plurality of second base regions, and the first third semiconductor layer has an impurity concentration that is equal to an impurity concentration of the second third semiconductor layer. | 2,800 |
343,888 | 16,803,285 | 2,857 | Container images may be generated from a backup system that includes a backup of one or more applications from a computing system of an entity. During a backup process, an application can be identified and its storage location in a secondary storage can be tracked or saved in a backup index. Configuration information and data or files created by user interaction with the application can be backed up and the location of the backed up data or files may be stored in the backup index along with the location of the configuration information. Using the backup index, a container image can be created that includes a selected application, its configuration information, and data, if any, created by the application. The container image can be generated from the backup stored in the secondary storage. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method of performing an indexed backup of a primary storage, the computer-implemented method comprising:
as implemented by a computing system comprising one or more hardware processors:
tagging a first set of data blocks with a first tag indicating that the first set of data blocks are associated with an application;
identifying configuration information that specifies installation and access control parameters for a first user of the application, the configuration information included in a second set of data blocks;
tagging the second set of data blocks with a second tag indicating that the second set of data blocks includes the configuration information;
tagging a third set of data blocks with a third tag indicating that the third set of data blocks includes data generated by the application;
storing the first, second and third tags in a backup index and copying the first, second and third sets of data blocks from primary memory to secondary memory; and
generating a container image for the application with the first, second, and third sets of data blocks stored in secondary memory based at least in part on the first, second and third tags stored in the backup index, the container image serving as a template for installing an instance of the application in a container. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising monitoring data storage transactions in the computing system with a data agent. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising generating the container image with a media agent. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising performing backup operations that copy the third set of data blocks from one or more client computers to secondary memory with at least one media agent. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first set of data blocks include one or more application binaries of the application. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein identifying the application associated with the first set of data blocks comprises querying an operating system of the computing system to identify the application. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein identifying the configuration information for the application comprises querying an operating system of a client computing device in the computing system to identify at least some of the configuration information. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein identifying the configuration information for the application comprises querying an application programming interface of the application to identify at least some of the configuration information. 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the backup index based at least in part on storage locations of the third set of data blocks in the secondary memory. 30. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising modifying the backup index to reflect a change in a storage location of the third set of data blocks in the secondary memory. 31. A system for performing an indexed backup of a primary storage, the system comprising:
a backup agent implemented in computer hardware, the backup agent configured to:
tag a first set of data blocks with a first tag indicating that the first set of data blocks are associated with an application;
identify configuration information that specifies installation and access control parameters for a first user of the application, the configuration information included in a second set of data blocks;
tag the second set of data blocks with a second tag indicating that the second set of data blocks includes the configuration information;
tag a third set of data blocks with a third tag indicating that the third set of data blocks includes the data generated by the application; and
store the first, second and third tags in a backup index and copy the first, second and third sets of data blocks from primary memory to secondary memory; and
a container image generator implemented in computer hardware and configured to generate a container image for the application with the first, second, and third sets of data blocks stored in secondary memory based at least in part on the first, second and third tags stored in the backup index, the container image serving as a template for installing an instance of the application in a container. 32. The system of claim 31, further comprising a data agent that monitors data storage transactions in the computing system. 33. The system of claim 31, further comprising a media agent that generates the container image. 34. The system of claim 31, further comprising one or more client computers and at least one media agent, wherein the at least one media agent performs backup operations that copies the third set of data blocks from the one or more client computers to secondary memory. 35. The system of claim 31, wherein the first set of data blocks include one or more application binaries of the application. 36. The system of claim 31, wherein identifying the application associated with the first set of data blocks comprises querying an operating system of a client computer to identify the application. 37. The system of claim 31, wherein identifying the configuration information for the application comprises querying an operating system of a client computing device in the computing system to identify at least some of the configuration information. 38. The system of claim 31, wherein the backup agent identifies the configuration information for the application by querying an application programming interface of the application to identify at least some of the configuration information. 39. The system of claim 31, wherein the backup index comprises storage locations of the third set of data blocks in the secondary memory. 40. The system of claim 31, wherein the backup index is modified to reflect a change in a storage location of the third set of data blocks in secondary memory. | Container images may be generated from a backup system that includes a backup of one or more applications from a computing system of an entity. During a backup process, an application can be identified and its storage location in a secondary storage can be tracked or saved in a backup index. Configuration information and data or files created by user interaction with the application can be backed up and the location of the backed up data or files may be stored in the backup index along with the location of the configuration information. Using the backup index, a container image can be created that includes a selected application, its configuration information, and data, if any, created by the application. The container image can be generated from the backup stored in the secondary storage.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method of performing an indexed backup of a primary storage, the computer-implemented method comprising:
as implemented by a computing system comprising one or more hardware processors:
tagging a first set of data blocks with a first tag indicating that the first set of data blocks are associated with an application;
identifying configuration information that specifies installation and access control parameters for a first user of the application, the configuration information included in a second set of data blocks;
tagging the second set of data blocks with a second tag indicating that the second set of data blocks includes the configuration information;
tagging a third set of data blocks with a third tag indicating that the third set of data blocks includes data generated by the application;
storing the first, second and third tags in a backup index and copying the first, second and third sets of data blocks from primary memory to secondary memory; and
generating a container image for the application with the first, second, and third sets of data blocks stored in secondary memory based at least in part on the first, second and third tags stored in the backup index, the container image serving as a template for installing an instance of the application in a container. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising monitoring data storage transactions in the computing system with a data agent. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising generating the container image with a media agent. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising performing backup operations that copy the third set of data blocks from one or more client computers to secondary memory with at least one media agent. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first set of data blocks include one or more application binaries of the application. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein identifying the application associated with the first set of data blocks comprises querying an operating system of the computing system to identify the application. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein identifying the configuration information for the application comprises querying an operating system of a client computing device in the computing system to identify at least some of the configuration information. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein identifying the configuration information for the application comprises querying an application programming interface of the application to identify at least some of the configuration information. 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the backup index based at least in part on storage locations of the third set of data blocks in the secondary memory. 30. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising modifying the backup index to reflect a change in a storage location of the third set of data blocks in the secondary memory. 31. A system for performing an indexed backup of a primary storage, the system comprising:
a backup agent implemented in computer hardware, the backup agent configured to:
tag a first set of data blocks with a first tag indicating that the first set of data blocks are associated with an application;
identify configuration information that specifies installation and access control parameters for a first user of the application, the configuration information included in a second set of data blocks;
tag the second set of data blocks with a second tag indicating that the second set of data blocks includes the configuration information;
tag a third set of data blocks with a third tag indicating that the third set of data blocks includes the data generated by the application; and
store the first, second and third tags in a backup index and copy the first, second and third sets of data blocks from primary memory to secondary memory; and
a container image generator implemented in computer hardware and configured to generate a container image for the application with the first, second, and third sets of data blocks stored in secondary memory based at least in part on the first, second and third tags stored in the backup index, the container image serving as a template for installing an instance of the application in a container. 32. The system of claim 31, further comprising a data agent that monitors data storage transactions in the computing system. 33. The system of claim 31, further comprising a media agent that generates the container image. 34. The system of claim 31, further comprising one or more client computers and at least one media agent, wherein the at least one media agent performs backup operations that copies the third set of data blocks from the one or more client computers to secondary memory. 35. The system of claim 31, wherein the first set of data blocks include one or more application binaries of the application. 36. The system of claim 31, wherein identifying the application associated with the first set of data blocks comprises querying an operating system of a client computer to identify the application. 37. The system of claim 31, wherein identifying the configuration information for the application comprises querying an operating system of a client computing device in the computing system to identify at least some of the configuration information. 38. The system of claim 31, wherein the backup agent identifies the configuration information for the application by querying an application programming interface of the application to identify at least some of the configuration information. 39. The system of claim 31, wherein the backup index comprises storage locations of the third set of data blocks in the secondary memory. 40. The system of claim 31, wherein the backup index is modified to reflect a change in a storage location of the third set of data blocks in secondary memory. | 2,800 |
343,889 | 16,803,348 | 2,857 | Nanoporous carbon-based scaffolds or structures, and specifically carbon aerogels and their manufacture and use thereof are provided. Embodiments include a silicon-doped anode material for a lithium-ion battery, where the anode material includes beads of polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. The carbon aerogel includes silicon particles and accommodates expansion of the silicon particles during lithiation. The anode material provides optimal properties for use within the lithium-ion battery. | 1. A carbon composition comprising:
a carbon material, the carbon material including a pore structure, and a silicon-based material, the carbon composition including greater than about 10% by weight of the silicon-based material, the carbon composition having a silicon utilization of at least about 20%. 2. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material has a pore structure comprising a fibrillar morphology, a Young modulus of at least about 0.2 GPa, and a density between about 0.15 g/cc and about 1.5 g/cc. 3. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material has a pore structure comprising a fibrillar morphology, an electrical conductivity of at least about 10 S/cm, and a density between about 0.15 g/cc and about 1.5 g/cc. 4. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material comprises a carbon aerogel. 5. The carbon composition of claim 4, wherein the carbon material comprises a polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. 6. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material comprises residual nitrogen of at least about 4 wt %. 7. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon composition is in a monolith form. 8. The carbon composition of claim 7, wherein the monolithic carbon aerogel is binder-free. 9. The carbon composition of claim 8, wherein the monolithic carbon aerogel has a thickness between about 10 micrometers and about 500 micrometers. 10. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon composition is in a particulate form. 11. The carbon composition of claim 10, wherein the particulate carbon composition has a diameter of about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers. 12. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the silicon-based material is present at least partially within the pore structure of the carbon material. 13. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material includes about 25% to 65% of silicon by weight of the carbon material. 14. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon composition has a capacity of at least about 800 mAh/g. 15. An electrode comprising the carbon composition of claim 1. 16. An energy storage device comprising the carbon composition of claim 1. 17. The energy storage device of claim 16, wherein the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery. 18. A method of forming a carbon composition, the method comprising:
providing a mixture of a polyimide precursor and a silicon-based material, imidizing the mixture chemically or thermally; drying the imidized mixture to yield a porous polyimide silicon composite; and carbonizing the porous polyimide silicon composite to yield the carbon composition that is greater than about 10% by weight silicon and with a porosity between about 10% and about 90%. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition comprises a carbon aerogel. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition is formed as a monolith. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising combining the mixture with a medium that is non-miscible with the mixture, thereby forming droplets of the imidized mixture. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising drying the droplets to form particles. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the particles have a diameter of about 1 micrometers to about 50 micrometers. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the maximum pyrolysis temperature is between about 750° C. and about 1600° C. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the silicon-based material is present at least partially within a pore structure of the carbon composition. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition has a capacity of at least about 800 mAh/g. 27. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition has a silicon utilization of at least about 20%. 28. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition comprises a carbon aerogel. | Nanoporous carbon-based scaffolds or structures, and specifically carbon aerogels and their manufacture and use thereof are provided. Embodiments include a silicon-doped anode material for a lithium-ion battery, where the anode material includes beads of polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. The carbon aerogel includes silicon particles and accommodates expansion of the silicon particles during lithiation. The anode material provides optimal properties for use within the lithium-ion battery.1. A carbon composition comprising:
a carbon material, the carbon material including a pore structure, and a silicon-based material, the carbon composition including greater than about 10% by weight of the silicon-based material, the carbon composition having a silicon utilization of at least about 20%. 2. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material has a pore structure comprising a fibrillar morphology, a Young modulus of at least about 0.2 GPa, and a density between about 0.15 g/cc and about 1.5 g/cc. 3. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material has a pore structure comprising a fibrillar morphology, an electrical conductivity of at least about 10 S/cm, and a density between about 0.15 g/cc and about 1.5 g/cc. 4. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material comprises a carbon aerogel. 5. The carbon composition of claim 4, wherein the carbon material comprises a polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. 6. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material comprises residual nitrogen of at least about 4 wt %. 7. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon composition is in a monolith form. 8. The carbon composition of claim 7, wherein the monolithic carbon aerogel is binder-free. 9. The carbon composition of claim 8, wherein the monolithic carbon aerogel has a thickness between about 10 micrometers and about 500 micrometers. 10. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon composition is in a particulate form. 11. The carbon composition of claim 10, wherein the particulate carbon composition has a diameter of about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers. 12. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the silicon-based material is present at least partially within the pore structure of the carbon material. 13. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon material includes about 25% to 65% of silicon by weight of the carbon material. 14. The carbon composition of claim 1, wherein the carbon composition has a capacity of at least about 800 mAh/g. 15. An electrode comprising the carbon composition of claim 1. 16. An energy storage device comprising the carbon composition of claim 1. 17. The energy storage device of claim 16, wherein the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery. 18. A method of forming a carbon composition, the method comprising:
providing a mixture of a polyimide precursor and a silicon-based material, imidizing the mixture chemically or thermally; drying the imidized mixture to yield a porous polyimide silicon composite; and carbonizing the porous polyimide silicon composite to yield the carbon composition that is greater than about 10% by weight silicon and with a porosity between about 10% and about 90%. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition comprises a carbon aerogel. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition is formed as a monolith. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising combining the mixture with a medium that is non-miscible with the mixture, thereby forming droplets of the imidized mixture. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising drying the droplets to form particles. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the particles have a diameter of about 1 micrometers to about 50 micrometers. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the maximum pyrolysis temperature is between about 750° C. and about 1600° C. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the silicon-based material is present at least partially within a pore structure of the carbon composition. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition has a capacity of at least about 800 mAh/g. 27. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition has a silicon utilization of at least about 20%. 28. The method of claim 18, wherein the carbon composition comprises a carbon aerogel. | 2,800 |
343,890 | 16,803,262 | 2,857 | This disclosure relates to blockchain-based copyright distribution. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network, a target transaction including design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work. Design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic are executed. The design data of the target work is compared with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work. A copyright for the target work is distributed between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity. Copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work is stored in the first smart contract. | 1. A computer-implemented blockchain-based copyright distribution method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network, a target transaction comprising design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work; invoking a first smart contract that stores design data of an existing work; in response to invoking the first smart contract, executing design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic that are declared by the first smart contract; in response to executing the design similarity comparison logic and the copyright distribution logic, comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work; distributing a copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity; and storing, in the first smart contract, copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
obtaining at least one target design characteristic value of the target work based on the design data of the target work and a preset design rule; obtaining at least one existing design characteristic value of the existing work based on the design data of the existing work and the preset design rule; and comparing the at least one target design characteristic value with the at least one existing design characteristic value to obtain the target similarity. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
calculating, based on an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, a similarity between the design data of the target work and the design data of the existing work to obtain the target similarity. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein distributing the copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity comprises:
whenever the target similarity is greater than a preset threshold, distributing the copyright of the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on a preset ratio; and whenever the target similarity is less than the preset threshold, distributing an entirety of the copyright of the target work to the target copyright user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking the first smart contract; in response to invoking the first smart contract:
executing logic of virtual resource distribution based on the copyright distribution data stored by the first smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the virtual resources comprise digital assets circulated on the blockchain or digital tokens corresponding to off-chain assets. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the first quantity is not less than the second quantity. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking a second smart contract;
executing invoking logic of the first smart contract that is declared by the second smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the blockchain network comprises a copyright distribution platform node device and a user client device; the copyright distribution platform node device communicates with the user client device; the blockchain is a consortium blockchain; the copyright distribution platform node device is a consortium member node device; and the target transaction is sent by the copyright distribution platform node device to a distributed database in the blockchain network. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a copyright ownership referendum transaction sent by the copyright distribution platform node device, wherein the copyright ownership referendum transaction comprises a plurality of copyright users corresponding to the design data of the target work; and invoking the first smart contract; executing copyright ownership voting logic declared by the first smart contract; receiving, within a preset period after executing the copyright ownership voting logic, a voting transaction sent by a voting user; and distributing the copyright for the target work to the plurality of copyright users based on the voting transaction. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network, a target transaction comprising design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work; invoking a first smart contract that stores design data of an existing work; in response to invoking the first smart contract, executing design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic that are declared by the first smart contract; in response to executing the design similarity comparison logic and the copyright distribution logic, comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work; distributing a copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity; and storing, in the first smart contract, copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work. 12. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network comprising a blockchain, a target transaction comprising design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work;
invoking a first smart contract that stores design data of an existing work;
in response to invoking the first smart contract, executing design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic that are declared by the first smart contract;
in response to executing the design similarity comparison logic and the copyright distribution logic, comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work;
distributing a copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity; and
storing, in the first smart contract, copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
obtaining at least one target design characteristic value of the target work based on the design data of the target work and a preset design rule; obtaining at least one existing design characteristic value of the existing work based on the design data of the existing work and the preset design rule; and comparing the at least one target design characteristic value with the at least one existing design characteristic value to obtain the target similarity. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
calculating, based on an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, a similarity between the design data of the target work and the design data of the existing work to obtain the target similarity. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein distributing the copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity comprises:
whenever the target similarity is greater than a preset threshold, distributing the copyright of the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on a preset ratio; and whenever the target similarity is less than the preset threshold, distributing an entirety of the copyright of the target work to the target copyright user. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking the first smart contract; in response to invoking the first smart contract:
executing logic of virtual resource distribution based on the copyright distribution data stored by the first smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the virtual resources comprise digital assets circulated on the blockchain or digital tokens corresponding to off-chain assets. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the first quantity is not less than the second quantity. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking a second smart contract;
executing invoking logic of the first smart contract that is declared by the second smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein:
the blockchain network comprises a copyright distribution platform node device and a user client device; the copyright distribution platform node device communicates with the user client device; the blockchain is a consortium blockchain; the copyright distribution platform node device is a consortium member node device; and the target transaction is sent by the copyright distribution platform node device to a distributed database in the blockchain network. | This disclosure relates to blockchain-based copyright distribution. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network, a target transaction including design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work. Design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic are executed. The design data of the target work is compared with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work. A copyright for the target work is distributed between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity. Copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work is stored in the first smart contract.1. A computer-implemented blockchain-based copyright distribution method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network, a target transaction comprising design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work; invoking a first smart contract that stores design data of an existing work; in response to invoking the first smart contract, executing design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic that are declared by the first smart contract; in response to executing the design similarity comparison logic and the copyright distribution logic, comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work; distributing a copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity; and storing, in the first smart contract, copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
obtaining at least one target design characteristic value of the target work based on the design data of the target work and a preset design rule; obtaining at least one existing design characteristic value of the existing work based on the design data of the existing work and the preset design rule; and comparing the at least one target design characteristic value with the at least one existing design characteristic value to obtain the target similarity. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
calculating, based on an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, a similarity between the design data of the target work and the design data of the existing work to obtain the target similarity. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein distributing the copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity comprises:
whenever the target similarity is greater than a preset threshold, distributing the copyright of the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on a preset ratio; and whenever the target similarity is less than the preset threshold, distributing an entirety of the copyright of the target work to the target copyright user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking the first smart contract; in response to invoking the first smart contract:
executing logic of virtual resource distribution based on the copyright distribution data stored by the first smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the virtual resources comprise digital assets circulated on the blockchain or digital tokens corresponding to off-chain assets. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the first quantity is not less than the second quantity. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking a second smart contract;
executing invoking logic of the first smart contract that is declared by the second smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the blockchain network comprises a copyright distribution platform node device and a user client device; the copyright distribution platform node device communicates with the user client device; the blockchain is a consortium blockchain; the copyright distribution platform node device is a consortium member node device; and the target transaction is sent by the copyright distribution platform node device to a distributed database in the blockchain network. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a copyright ownership referendum transaction sent by the copyright distribution platform node device, wherein the copyright ownership referendum transaction comprises a plurality of copyright users corresponding to the design data of the target work; and invoking the first smart contract; executing copyright ownership voting logic declared by the first smart contract; receiving, within a preset period after executing the copyright ownership voting logic, a voting transaction sent by a voting user; and distributing the copyright for the target work to the plurality of copyright users based on the voting transaction. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network, a target transaction comprising design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work; invoking a first smart contract that stores design data of an existing work; in response to invoking the first smart contract, executing design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic that are declared by the first smart contract; in response to executing the design similarity comparison logic and the copyright distribution logic, comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work; distributing a copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity; and storing, in the first smart contract, copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work. 12. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a node device of a blockchain network comprising a blockchain, a target transaction comprising design data of a target work and an identity of a target copyright user corresponding to the target work;
invoking a first smart contract that stores design data of an existing work;
in response to invoking the first smart contract, executing design similarity comparison logic and copyright distribution logic that are declared by the first smart contract;
in response to executing the design similarity comparison logic and the copyright distribution logic, comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain a target similarity between the target work and the existing work;
distributing a copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and a copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity; and
storing, in the first smart contract, copyright distribution data that specifies distribution of the copyright between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
obtaining at least one target design characteristic value of the target work based on the design data of the target work and a preset design rule; obtaining at least one existing design characteristic value of the existing work based on the design data of the existing work and the preset design rule; and comparing the at least one target design characteristic value with the at least one existing design characteristic value to obtain the target similarity. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein comparing the design data of the target work with the design data of the existing work stored in the first smart contract to obtain the target similarity comprises:
calculating, based on an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, a similarity between the design data of the target work and the design data of the existing work to obtain the target similarity. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein distributing the copyright for the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the target similarity comprises:
whenever the target similarity is greater than a preset threshold, distributing the copyright of the target work between the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on a preset ratio; and whenever the target similarity is less than the preset threshold, distributing an entirety of the copyright of the target work to the target copyright user. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking the first smart contract; in response to invoking the first smart contract:
executing logic of virtual resource distribution based on the copyright distribution data stored by the first smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the virtual resources comprise digital assets circulated on the blockchain or digital tokens corresponding to off-chain assets. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the first quantity is not less than the second quantity. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a target income transaction comprising a first quantity of virtual resources that a user provides for using the target work; and invoking a second smart contract;
executing invoking logic of the first smart contract that is declared by the second smart contract; and
distributing a second quantity of virtual resources to the target copyright user and the copyright user corresponding to the existing work based on the copyright distribution data. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein:
the blockchain network comprises a copyright distribution platform node device and a user client device; the copyright distribution platform node device communicates with the user client device; the blockchain is a consortium blockchain; the copyright distribution platform node device is a consortium member node device; and the target transaction is sent by the copyright distribution platform node device to a distributed database in the blockchain network. | 2,800 |
343,891 | 16,803,362 | 2,857 | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first OETF and the second OETF support a standard dynamic range (SDR) and a high dynamic range (HDR), respectively, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support HDR. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on SDR. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports HDR and SDR. 7. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first OETF and the second OETF support a standard dynamic range (SDR) and a high dynamic range (HDR), respectively, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support HDR. | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data.1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first OETF and the second OETF support a standard dynamic range (SDR) and a high dynamic range (HDR), respectively, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support HDR. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on SDR. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports HDR and SDR. 7. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first OETF and the second OETF support a standard dynamic range (SDR) and a high dynamic range (HDR), respectively, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support HDR. | 2,800 |
343,892 | 16,803,315 | 2,857 | A multilayer seed pattern inductor includes a magnetic body and an internal coil part. The magnetic body contains a magnetic material. The internal coil part is embedded in the magnetic body and includes connected coil conductors disposed on two opposing surfaces of an insulating substrate. Each of the coil conductors includes a seed pattern formed of at least two layers, a surface coating layer covering the seed pattern, and an upper plating layer formed on an upper surface of the surface coating layer. | 1. A multilayer seed pattern inductor comprising:
a magnetic body containing a magnetic material; and an internal coil part embedded in the magnetic body and including connected coil conductors disposed on two opposing surfaces of an insulating substrate, wherein each of the coil conductors includes:
a seed pattern including a first seed pattern layer disposed on the insulating substrate, and a second seed pattern layer disposed on the first seed pattern layer and exposing side surfaces of the first seed pattern layer,
a surface coating layer covering the seed pattern and being in contact with the insulating substrate, and
an upper plating layer formed on an upper surface of the surface coating layer. 2. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the upper plating layer includes a first upper plating layer disposed on the upper surface of the surface coating layer and a second upper plating layer disposed on an upper surface of the first upper plating layer. 3. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the seed pattern has an overall thickness of 100 μm or more. 4. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the seed pattern has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. 5. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the surface coating layer extends in width and thickness directions to cover upper and side surfaces of the seed pattern. 6. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the upper plating layer extends on the upper surface of the surface coating layer in a thickness direction only. 7. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the surface coating layer is an isotropic plating layer. 8. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the upper plating layer is an anisotropic plating layer. 9. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein a thin film conductor layer is disposed between the first seed pattern layer and the insulating substrate. 10. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the magnetic body includes a magnetic metal powder and a thermosetting resin. 11. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the second seed pattern layer is disposed only on an upper surface of the first seed pattern layer. | A multilayer seed pattern inductor includes a magnetic body and an internal coil part. The magnetic body contains a magnetic material. The internal coil part is embedded in the magnetic body and includes connected coil conductors disposed on two opposing surfaces of an insulating substrate. Each of the coil conductors includes a seed pattern formed of at least two layers, a surface coating layer covering the seed pattern, and an upper plating layer formed on an upper surface of the surface coating layer.1. A multilayer seed pattern inductor comprising:
a magnetic body containing a magnetic material; and an internal coil part embedded in the magnetic body and including connected coil conductors disposed on two opposing surfaces of an insulating substrate, wherein each of the coil conductors includes:
a seed pattern including a first seed pattern layer disposed on the insulating substrate, and a second seed pattern layer disposed on the first seed pattern layer and exposing side surfaces of the first seed pattern layer,
a surface coating layer covering the seed pattern and being in contact with the insulating substrate, and
an upper plating layer formed on an upper surface of the surface coating layer. 2. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the upper plating layer includes a first upper plating layer disposed on the upper surface of the surface coating layer and a second upper plating layer disposed on an upper surface of the first upper plating layer. 3. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the seed pattern has an overall thickness of 100 μm or more. 4. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the seed pattern has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. 5. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the surface coating layer extends in width and thickness directions to cover upper and side surfaces of the seed pattern. 6. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the upper plating layer extends on the upper surface of the surface coating layer in a thickness direction only. 7. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the surface coating layer is an isotropic plating layer. 8. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the upper plating layer is an anisotropic plating layer. 9. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein a thin film conductor layer is disposed between the first seed pattern layer and the insulating substrate. 10. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the magnetic body includes a magnetic metal powder and a thermosetting resin. 11. The multilayer seed pattern inductor of claim 1, wherein the second seed pattern layer is disposed only on an upper surface of the first seed pattern layer. | 2,800 |
343,893 | 16,803,326 | 2,857 | A power-distribution routing system of a power-transmission company receives a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a specified future period of time. The system retrieves time-stamped blockchain data that identifies past fluctuations in energy demand, service agreements between energy companies, and energy-production and demand-fulfilment histories of energy-generating sources like power plants. The system also retrieves extrinsic contextual and socioeconomic data from online sources and various business applications. An artificially intelligent cognitive framework uses a sliding-frame mechanism to infer patterns in the rate of change of user demand during past time periods similar to the period specified by the request. The system ranks each source by its demonstrated ability to satisfy the patterns of demand in consideration of the contextual data. The system directs downstream components to route energy from a mix of the highest-ranking suppliers through the grid during the specified time period. | 1. A power-distribution routing system comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a computer-readable hardware storage device coupled to the processor, the storage device containing program code configured to be run by the processor via the memory to implement a method for using blockchain to select energy-generating sources, the method comprising:
the system receiving a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a future period of time; the system retrieving time-stamped data from a blockchain-based distributed ledger; the system directing an artificially intelligent cognitive framework to infer, as a function of the time-stamped blockchain data, one or more patterns in past rates of change of consumer demand; the system ranking each candidate source of a set of power-generating sources as a function of that candidate source's demonstrated ability, as identified by the time-stamped data, to generate energy sufficient to fulfill consumer demand during occurrences of the patterns; the system selecting an optimal mix of one or more of the candidate sources as a function of the ranking; and the system configuring downstream components to route energy from the optimal mix of sources through the infrastructure during the future period of time. 2. The system of claim 1,
where the artificially intelligent cognitive framework infers the patterns by applying a sliding-frame mechanism to an array of past variations in consumer demand, where values of the array are derived from records of previous levels of consumer demand, and where the records of previous levels are mined from time-stamped data retrieved from the blockchain-based distributed ledger. 3. The system of claim 2,
where the previous levels of consumer demand occurred during time periods that share characteristics with the future period of time. 4. The system of claim 1, where the time-stamped data comprises identifications of past fluctuations in energy demand, terms of service agreements and other contracts between energy companies, past fluctuations in energy-production capacities of the set of power-generating sources, and historic success rates of each power-generating source in fulfilling energy demand. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the system further retrieving extrinsic contextual socioeconomic and contextual data from social media, other online reference sources, energy-company business records that detail operations of the power-grid infrastructure, and from asset-management and workforce management applications accessible to the power-transmission company; and the system adjusting each candidate source's score as function of the contextual data. 6. The system of claim 1, where the configuring results in energy being routed to a power utility that in turn delivers the routed energy to energy consumers. 7. The system of claim 1, where the cognitive framework is trained through a machine-learning technology that trains the cognitive framework with training corpora that identify whether previously selected power-generating sources successfully fulfilled previous consumer demands. 8. A method for using blockchain to select energy-generating sources, the method comprising:
a power-distribution routing system receiving a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a future period of time; the system retrieving time-stamped data from a blockchain-based distributed ledger; the system directing an artificially intelligent cognitive framework to infer, as a function of the time-stamped blockchain data, one or more patterns in past rates of change of consumer demand; the system ranking each candidate source of a set of power-generating sources as a function of that candidate source's demonstrated ability, as identified by the time-stamped data, to generate energy sufficient to fulfill consumer demand during occurrences of the patterns; the system selecting an optimal mix of one or more of the candidate sources as a function of the ranking; and the system configuring downstream components to route energy from the optimal mix of sources through the infrastructure during the future period of time. 9. The method of claim 8,
where the artificially intelligent cognitive framework infers the patterns by applying a sliding-frame mechanism to an array of past variations in consumer demand, where values of the array are derived from records of previous levels of consumer demand, and where the records of previous levels are mined from time-stamped data retrieved from the blockchain-based distributed ledger. 10. The method of claim 9,
where the previous levels of consumer demand occurred during time periods that share characteristics with the future period of time. 11. The method of claim 8, where the time-stamped data comprises identifications of past fluctuations in energy demand, terms of service agreements and other contracts between energy companies, past fluctuations in energy-production capacities of the set of power-generating sources, and historic success rates of each power-generating source in fulfilling energy demand. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
the system further retrieving extrinsic contextual socioeconomic and contextual data from social media, other online reference sources, energy-company business records that detail operations of the power-grid infrastructure, and from asset-management and workforce management applications accessible to the power-transmission company; and the system adjusting each candidate source's score as function of the contextual data. 13. The method of claim 8, where the cognitive framework is trained through a machine-learning technology that trains the cognitive framework with training corpora that identify whether previously selected power-generating sources successfully fulfilled previous consumer demands. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing at least one support service for at least one of creating, integrating, hosting, maintaining, and deploying computer-readable program code in the computer system, wherein the computer-readable program code in combination with the computer system is configured to implement the receiving, the retrieving, the directing, the ranking, the selecting, and the configuring. 15. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable hardware storage device having a computer-readable program code stored therein, the program code configured to be executed by a power-distribution routing system comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a computer-readable hardware storage device coupled to the processor, the storage device containing program code configured to be run by the processor via the memory to implement a method for using blockchain to select energy-generating sources, the method comprising:
a power-distribution routing system receiving a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a future period of time; the system retrieving time-stamped data from a blockchain-based distributed ledger; the system directing an artificially intelligent cognitive framework to infer, as a function of the time-stamped blockchain data, one or more patterns in past rates of change of consumer demand; the system ranking each candidate source of a set of power-generating sources as a function of that candidate source's demonstrated ability, as identified by the time-stamped data, to generate energy sufficient to fulfill consumer demand during occurrences of the patterns; the system selecting an optimal mix of one or more of the candidate sources as a function of the ranking; and the system configuring downstream components to route energy from the optimal mix of sources through the infrastructure during the future period of time. 16. The computer program product of claim 15,
where the artificially intelligent cognitive framework infers the patterns by applying a sliding-frame mechanism to an array of past variations in consumer demand, where values of the array are derived from records of previous levels of consumer demand, and where the records of previous levels are mined from time-stamped data retrieved from the blockchain-based distributed ledger. 17. The computer program product of claim 16,
where the previous levels of consumer demand occurred during time periods that share characteristics with the future period of time. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, where the time-stamped data comprises identifications of past fluctuations in energy demand, terms of service agreements and other contracts between energy companies, past fluctuations in energy-production capacities of the set of power-generating sources, and historic success rates of each power-generating source in fulfilling energy demand. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
the system further retrieving extrinsic contextual socioeconomic and contextual data from social media, other online reference sources, energy-company business records that detail operations of the power-grid infrastructure, and from asset-management and workforce management applications accessible to the power-transmission company; and the system adjusting each candidate source's score as function of the contextual data. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, where the cognitive framework is trained through a machine-learning technology that trains the cognitive framework with training corpora that identify whether previously selected power-generating sources successfully fulfilled previous consumer demands. | A power-distribution routing system of a power-transmission company receives a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a specified future period of time. The system retrieves time-stamped blockchain data that identifies past fluctuations in energy demand, service agreements between energy companies, and energy-production and demand-fulfilment histories of energy-generating sources like power plants. The system also retrieves extrinsic contextual and socioeconomic data from online sources and various business applications. An artificially intelligent cognitive framework uses a sliding-frame mechanism to infer patterns in the rate of change of user demand during past time periods similar to the period specified by the request. The system ranks each source by its demonstrated ability to satisfy the patterns of demand in consideration of the contextual data. The system directs downstream components to route energy from a mix of the highest-ranking suppliers through the grid during the specified time period.1. A power-distribution routing system comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a computer-readable hardware storage device coupled to the processor, the storage device containing program code configured to be run by the processor via the memory to implement a method for using blockchain to select energy-generating sources, the method comprising:
the system receiving a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a future period of time; the system retrieving time-stamped data from a blockchain-based distributed ledger; the system directing an artificially intelligent cognitive framework to infer, as a function of the time-stamped blockchain data, one or more patterns in past rates of change of consumer demand; the system ranking each candidate source of a set of power-generating sources as a function of that candidate source's demonstrated ability, as identified by the time-stamped data, to generate energy sufficient to fulfill consumer demand during occurrences of the patterns; the system selecting an optimal mix of one or more of the candidate sources as a function of the ranking; and the system configuring downstream components to route energy from the optimal mix of sources through the infrastructure during the future period of time. 2. The system of claim 1,
where the artificially intelligent cognitive framework infers the patterns by applying a sliding-frame mechanism to an array of past variations in consumer demand, where values of the array are derived from records of previous levels of consumer demand, and where the records of previous levels are mined from time-stamped data retrieved from the blockchain-based distributed ledger. 3. The system of claim 2,
where the previous levels of consumer demand occurred during time periods that share characteristics with the future period of time. 4. The system of claim 1, where the time-stamped data comprises identifications of past fluctuations in energy demand, terms of service agreements and other contracts between energy companies, past fluctuations in energy-production capacities of the set of power-generating sources, and historic success rates of each power-generating source in fulfilling energy demand. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the system further retrieving extrinsic contextual socioeconomic and contextual data from social media, other online reference sources, energy-company business records that detail operations of the power-grid infrastructure, and from asset-management and workforce management applications accessible to the power-transmission company; and the system adjusting each candidate source's score as function of the contextual data. 6. The system of claim 1, where the configuring results in energy being routed to a power utility that in turn delivers the routed energy to energy consumers. 7. The system of claim 1, where the cognitive framework is trained through a machine-learning technology that trains the cognitive framework with training corpora that identify whether previously selected power-generating sources successfully fulfilled previous consumer demands. 8. A method for using blockchain to select energy-generating sources, the method comprising:
a power-distribution routing system receiving a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a future period of time; the system retrieving time-stamped data from a blockchain-based distributed ledger; the system directing an artificially intelligent cognitive framework to infer, as a function of the time-stamped blockchain data, one or more patterns in past rates of change of consumer demand; the system ranking each candidate source of a set of power-generating sources as a function of that candidate source's demonstrated ability, as identified by the time-stamped data, to generate energy sufficient to fulfill consumer demand during occurrences of the patterns; the system selecting an optimal mix of one or more of the candidate sources as a function of the ranking; and the system configuring downstream components to route energy from the optimal mix of sources through the infrastructure during the future period of time. 9. The method of claim 8,
where the artificially intelligent cognitive framework infers the patterns by applying a sliding-frame mechanism to an array of past variations in consumer demand, where values of the array are derived from records of previous levels of consumer demand, and where the records of previous levels are mined from time-stamped data retrieved from the blockchain-based distributed ledger. 10. The method of claim 9,
where the previous levels of consumer demand occurred during time periods that share characteristics with the future period of time. 11. The method of claim 8, where the time-stamped data comprises identifications of past fluctuations in energy demand, terms of service agreements and other contracts between energy companies, past fluctuations in energy-production capacities of the set of power-generating sources, and historic success rates of each power-generating source in fulfilling energy demand. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
the system further retrieving extrinsic contextual socioeconomic and contextual data from social media, other online reference sources, energy-company business records that detail operations of the power-grid infrastructure, and from asset-management and workforce management applications accessible to the power-transmission company; and the system adjusting each candidate source's score as function of the contextual data. 13. The method of claim 8, where the cognitive framework is trained through a machine-learning technology that trains the cognitive framework with training corpora that identify whether previously selected power-generating sources successfully fulfilled previous consumer demands. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing at least one support service for at least one of creating, integrating, hosting, maintaining, and deploying computer-readable program code in the computer system, wherein the computer-readable program code in combination with the computer system is configured to implement the receiving, the retrieving, the directing, the ranking, the selecting, and the configuring. 15. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable hardware storage device having a computer-readable program code stored therein, the program code configured to be executed by a power-distribution routing system comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a computer-readable hardware storage device coupled to the processor, the storage device containing program code configured to be run by the processor via the memory to implement a method for using blockchain to select energy-generating sources, the method comprising:
a power-distribution routing system receiving a request to route electrical power to users through a power-grid infrastructure during a future period of time; the system retrieving time-stamped data from a blockchain-based distributed ledger; the system directing an artificially intelligent cognitive framework to infer, as a function of the time-stamped blockchain data, one or more patterns in past rates of change of consumer demand; the system ranking each candidate source of a set of power-generating sources as a function of that candidate source's demonstrated ability, as identified by the time-stamped data, to generate energy sufficient to fulfill consumer demand during occurrences of the patterns; the system selecting an optimal mix of one or more of the candidate sources as a function of the ranking; and the system configuring downstream components to route energy from the optimal mix of sources through the infrastructure during the future period of time. 16. The computer program product of claim 15,
where the artificially intelligent cognitive framework infers the patterns by applying a sliding-frame mechanism to an array of past variations in consumer demand, where values of the array are derived from records of previous levels of consumer demand, and where the records of previous levels are mined from time-stamped data retrieved from the blockchain-based distributed ledger. 17. The computer program product of claim 16,
where the previous levels of consumer demand occurred during time periods that share characteristics with the future period of time. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, where the time-stamped data comprises identifications of past fluctuations in energy demand, terms of service agreements and other contracts between energy companies, past fluctuations in energy-production capacities of the set of power-generating sources, and historic success rates of each power-generating source in fulfilling energy demand. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
the system further retrieving extrinsic contextual socioeconomic and contextual data from social media, other online reference sources, energy-company business records that detail operations of the power-grid infrastructure, and from asset-management and workforce management applications accessible to the power-transmission company; and the system adjusting each candidate source's score as function of the contextual data. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, where the cognitive framework is trained through a machine-learning technology that trains the cognitive framework with training corpora that identify whether previously selected power-generating sources successfully fulfilled previous consumer demands. | 2,800 |
343,894 | 16,803,341 | 2,857 | A method of in-line automated inspection of a mechanical part comprising receiving a mechanical part datum, orienting the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system, and examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises dividing the face into regions as a function of stylus tip data. The method comprises generating a fixture adapter model for the mechanical part datum as a function of a local region of the mechanical part datum, generating a measurement of at least a pair of part geometric data, wherein generating a measurement comprises selecting the at least a pair of part geometric data as a function of the at least an alignment datum and displaying the measurement of at least the pair of part geometric data. The method comprises producing the fixture adapter. | 1. A method for in-line automated inspection of a mechanical part, the method comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a mechanical part datum from a user device; orienting, by an inspection module operating on the computing device, the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system, wherein the representative inspection system comprises a visual representation of a coordinate-measuring machine and a fixturing system and wherein the mechanical part datum comprises a plurality of faces; examining, at the inspection module, each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises dividing each face into respective regions as a function of stylus tip data; generating, at the inspection module, a fixture adapter model for the mechanical part datum as a function of a local region of the mechanical part datum and the respective regions of each face of the plurality of faces; generating, at the inspection module, a measurement of at least a pair of part geometric data, wherein generating a measurement comprises:
selecting, by an automated operator, the at least a pair of part geometric data as a function of at least an alignment datum; and
displaying, to the automated operator on a graphical user interface, the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data; and
producing the fixture adapter as a function of the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein orienting the mechanical part datum within the representative inspection system further comprises recording a relative position of the mechanical part datum as a function of a specified datum on the fixturing system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing each face into respective regions as a function of the stylus tip data further comprises:
determining at least a touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of the stylus tip data; and determining at least a non-touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of the stylus tip data. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises:
sampling each touch region of at least a of touch region of the mechanical part datum,
wherein sampling includes:
determining the distance from each touch region of the at least a touch region to a nearest non-touch region of the at least a non-touch region. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises:
receiving, from the automated operator, at least a manufacturing goal; generating a loss function as a function of the distance from each touch region of the at least a touch region to the nearest non-touch region of the at least a non-touch region and the at least a manufacturing goal; minimizing the loss function; and selecting the at least an alignment datum as a function of minimizing the loss function. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein selecting the at least an alignment datum as a function of minimizing the loss function further comprises storing the at least an alignment datum in a database. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the local region of the mechanical part datum is determined by an automated operator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fixture adapter model further includes:
positioning a male coupler in the fixture adapter model; creating at least a window in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum; and positioning at least a pocket in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fixture adapter model further includes:
inflating the mechanical part datum by a dimensional factor; and subtracting the mechanical part datum from the fixture adapter model. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fixture adapter model further includes storing fixture adapter data of the fixture adaptor model in a database. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data comprises:
verifying, by the automated operator on the graphical user interface, the measurements of the at least a pair of part geometric data; and storing the verified measurement data in the database. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving, by the automated operator, the fixture adapter;
receiving, by the automated operator, a formed mechanical part;
attaching, by the automated operator, the fixture adapter to a female coupler on the fixturing system;
adhering, by the automated operator, the formed mechanical part to the fixture adapter, wherein adhering comprises:
embedding an adhesive element in each pocket of the plurality of pockets of the fixture adapter;
loading associated part data from the database to the coordinate-measuring machine, wherein the associated part data comprises:
fixture adapter data;
alignment datum; and
verified measurement data.
inspecting, utilizing the coordinate-measuring machine, the formed mechanical part; and
displaying, to the automated operator on a graphical user interface, inspection data, wherein displaying the inspection data further comprises:
verifying, by the automated operator on the graphical user interface, the inspection data; and
storing, by the coordinate-measuring machine, verified inspection data in a database. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein displaying the inspection data further comprises:
displaying, to the user device, the verified inspection data. 14. A system of an in-line automated inspection of a mechanical part, the system is designed and configured to:
receive a mechanical part datum from a user device; orient, by an automated operator at an inspection module, the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system, wherein the representative inspection system comprises a visual representation of a coordinate-measuring machine and fixturing system; examine, at the inspection module, each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum is designed and configured to: divide the face into regions as a function of stylus tip data; generate, at the inspection module, a fixture adapter model for the mechanical part datum as a function of a local region of the mechanical part datum; generate, at the inspection module, a measurement of at least a pair of part geometric data, wherein generating a measurement is designed and configured to:
select, by the automated operator, the at least a pair of part geometric data as a function of the at least an alignment datum; and
display, to the automated operator on a graphical user interface, the measurement of at least the pair of part geometric data; and
produce the fixture adapter as a function of the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein orienting the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system is further designed and configured to record the relative position of the mechanical part datum as a function of a specified datum on the fixturing system. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein dividing the face into regions as a function of stylus tip data is further designed and configured to:
determine at least a touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of stylus tip data; and determine at least a non-touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of stylus tip data. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum is further designed and configured to:
sample each touch region of the plurality of touch regions of the mechanical part datum, wherein sampling is further designed and configured to:
determine the distance from each touch region of the plurality of touch regions to the nearest at least a non-touch region. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum is further designed and configured to:
receive, from the automated operator, at least a manufacturing goal; generate a loss function as a function of the distance from each touch region of the plurality of touch regions to the nearest at least a non-touch region and the at least a manufacturing goal; minimize the loss function; and select at least an alignment datum as a function of minimizing the loss function, wherein selecting is configured to:
store the at least an alignment datum in the database. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein generating the fixture adapter model is further designed and configured to:
position a male coupler in the fixture adapter model; create at least a window in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum; position at least a pocket in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum; inflate the mechanical part datum by a dimensional factor; subtract the mechanical part datum from the fixture adapter model; and store the fixture adapter data of the fixture adapter model in a database. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein displaying the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data is further configured to:
verify, by the automated operator on the graphical user interface, the measurements of the at least a pair of part geometric data; and store the verified measurement data in the database. | A method of in-line automated inspection of a mechanical part comprising receiving a mechanical part datum, orienting the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system, and examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises dividing the face into regions as a function of stylus tip data. The method comprises generating a fixture adapter model for the mechanical part datum as a function of a local region of the mechanical part datum, generating a measurement of at least a pair of part geometric data, wherein generating a measurement comprises selecting the at least a pair of part geometric data as a function of the at least an alignment datum and displaying the measurement of at least the pair of part geometric data. The method comprises producing the fixture adapter.1. A method for in-line automated inspection of a mechanical part, the method comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a mechanical part datum from a user device; orienting, by an inspection module operating on the computing device, the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system, wherein the representative inspection system comprises a visual representation of a coordinate-measuring machine and a fixturing system and wherein the mechanical part datum comprises a plurality of faces; examining, at the inspection module, each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises dividing each face into respective regions as a function of stylus tip data; generating, at the inspection module, a fixture adapter model for the mechanical part datum as a function of a local region of the mechanical part datum and the respective regions of each face of the plurality of faces; generating, at the inspection module, a measurement of at least a pair of part geometric data, wherein generating a measurement comprises:
selecting, by an automated operator, the at least a pair of part geometric data as a function of at least an alignment datum; and
displaying, to the automated operator on a graphical user interface, the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data; and
producing the fixture adapter as a function of the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein orienting the mechanical part datum within the representative inspection system further comprises recording a relative position of the mechanical part datum as a function of a specified datum on the fixturing system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing each face into respective regions as a function of the stylus tip data further comprises:
determining at least a touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of the stylus tip data; and determining at least a non-touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of the stylus tip data. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises:
sampling each touch region of at least a of touch region of the mechanical part datum,
wherein sampling includes:
determining the distance from each touch region of the at least a touch region to a nearest non-touch region of the at least a non-touch region. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum comprises:
receiving, from the automated operator, at least a manufacturing goal; generating a loss function as a function of the distance from each touch region of the at least a touch region to the nearest non-touch region of the at least a non-touch region and the at least a manufacturing goal; minimizing the loss function; and selecting the at least an alignment datum as a function of minimizing the loss function. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein selecting the at least an alignment datum as a function of minimizing the loss function further comprises storing the at least an alignment datum in a database. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the local region of the mechanical part datum is determined by an automated operator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fixture adapter model further includes:
positioning a male coupler in the fixture adapter model; creating at least a window in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum; and positioning at least a pocket in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fixture adapter model further includes:
inflating the mechanical part datum by a dimensional factor; and subtracting the mechanical part datum from the fixture adapter model. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fixture adapter model further includes storing fixture adapter data of the fixture adaptor model in a database. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data comprises:
verifying, by the automated operator on the graphical user interface, the measurements of the at least a pair of part geometric data; and storing the verified measurement data in the database. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving, by the automated operator, the fixture adapter;
receiving, by the automated operator, a formed mechanical part;
attaching, by the automated operator, the fixture adapter to a female coupler on the fixturing system;
adhering, by the automated operator, the formed mechanical part to the fixture adapter, wherein adhering comprises:
embedding an adhesive element in each pocket of the plurality of pockets of the fixture adapter;
loading associated part data from the database to the coordinate-measuring machine, wherein the associated part data comprises:
fixture adapter data;
alignment datum; and
verified measurement data.
inspecting, utilizing the coordinate-measuring machine, the formed mechanical part; and
displaying, to the automated operator on a graphical user interface, inspection data, wherein displaying the inspection data further comprises:
verifying, by the automated operator on the graphical user interface, the inspection data; and
storing, by the coordinate-measuring machine, verified inspection data in a database. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein displaying the inspection data further comprises:
displaying, to the user device, the verified inspection data. 14. A system of an in-line automated inspection of a mechanical part, the system is designed and configured to:
receive a mechanical part datum from a user device; orient, by an automated operator at an inspection module, the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system, wherein the representative inspection system comprises a visual representation of a coordinate-measuring machine and fixturing system; examine, at the inspection module, each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum is designed and configured to: divide the face into regions as a function of stylus tip data; generate, at the inspection module, a fixture adapter model for the mechanical part datum as a function of a local region of the mechanical part datum; generate, at the inspection module, a measurement of at least a pair of part geometric data, wherein generating a measurement is designed and configured to:
select, by the automated operator, the at least a pair of part geometric data as a function of the at least an alignment datum; and
display, to the automated operator on a graphical user interface, the measurement of at least the pair of part geometric data; and
produce the fixture adapter as a function of the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein orienting the mechanical part datum within a representative inspection system is further designed and configured to record the relative position of the mechanical part datum as a function of a specified datum on the fixturing system. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein dividing the face into regions as a function of stylus tip data is further designed and configured to:
determine at least a touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of stylus tip data; and determine at least a non-touch region of the mechanical part datum as a function of stylus tip data. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum is further designed and configured to:
sample each touch region of the plurality of touch regions of the mechanical part datum, wherein sampling is further designed and configured to:
determine the distance from each touch region of the plurality of touch regions to the nearest at least a non-touch region. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein examining each face of the plurality of faces of the mechanical part datum is further designed and configured to:
receive, from the automated operator, at least a manufacturing goal; generate a loss function as a function of the distance from each touch region of the plurality of touch regions to the nearest at least a non-touch region and the at least a manufacturing goal; minimize the loss function; and select at least an alignment datum as a function of minimizing the loss function, wherein selecting is configured to:
store the at least an alignment datum in the database. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein generating the fixture adapter model is further designed and configured to:
position a male coupler in the fixture adapter model; create at least a window in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum; position at least a pocket in the fixture adapter model as a function of the mechanical part datum; inflate the mechanical part datum by a dimensional factor; subtract the mechanical part datum from the fixture adapter model; and store the fixture adapter data of the fixture adapter model in a database. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein displaying the measurement of the at least a pair of part geometric data is further configured to:
verify, by the automated operator on the graphical user interface, the measurements of the at least a pair of part geometric data; and store the verified measurement data in the database. | 2,800 |
343,895 | 16,803,334 | 2,857 | A first connection portion is formed at an end portion of a flexible conductor by folding the end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in a given direction, and a contact-side connection portion of a contact presses the first connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. | 1. A connecting method for electrically connecting a contact having conductivity to a flexible conductor extending in a given direction, the connecting method comprising:
forming a first connection portion at an end portion of the flexible conductor by folding the end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the given direction; and pressing the first connection portion with a contact-side connection portion of the contact from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 2. The connecting method according to claim 1, wherein the halves of the end portion of the flexible conductor folded along the folding line are bonded together to form the first connection portion. 3. The connecting method according to claim 1, wherein a pair of nipping pieces provided to the contact-side connection portion are bent to sandwich the first connection portion from the opposite sides to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 4. The connecting method according to claim 1, wherein the first connection portion is inserted into a slit provided to the contact-side connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 5. A connecting structure in which a contact having conductivity is electrically connected to a flexible conductor extending in a given direction,
wherein the flexible conductor includes a first connection portion that is formed by folding an end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the give direction, wherein the contact includes a contact-side connection portion, and wherein the first connection portion is pressed with the contact-side connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 6. A contact having conductivity that is to be electrically connected to a flexible conductor extending in a given direction, the contact comprising:
a contact-side connection portion to be connected to a first connection portion that is formed at an end portion of the flexible conductor by folding the end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the given direction, wherein the contact-side connection portion presses the first connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to be electrically connected to the flexible conductor. 7. The contact according to claim 6, wherein the contact is formed of a metal sheet,
wherein the contact-side connection portion includes a pair of nipping pieces separately extending in opposite directions, and wherein the pair of nipping pieces are bent to sandwich the first connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the first connection portion. 8. The contact according to claim 6, wherein the contact is formed of a metal sheet,
wherein the contact-side connection portion includes a slit, and wherein the first connection portion is inserted into the slit to thereby electrically connect the contact to the first connection portion. 9. A connector comprising:
a plurality of contacts having conductivity; a plurality of flexible conductors connected to the plurality of contacts and each extending in a given direction; and a housing for holding the plurality of contacts, wherein each contact of the plurality of contacts includes: a contact-side connection portion that is disposed at an end of the each contact and connected to a corresponding flexible conductor; a contact portion that is disposed at another end of the each contact and comes into contact with a corresponding contact of a counter connector when the connector is fitted with the counter connector along a fitting axis; and a holding portion that is disposed between the contact-side connection portion and the contact portion and is embedded in and held by the housing, wherein each flexible conductor of the plurality of flexible conductors includes: a first connection portion that is formed by folding an end portion lying in the given direction of the each flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the given direction; and a second connection portion that is disposed at another end portion in the given direction of the each flexible conductor, and wherein the contact-side connection portion of the each contact presses the first connection portion of a corresponding flexible conductor from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion, whereby the plurality of contacts are electrically connected to the plurality of flexible conductors. 10. The connector according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of conductive contacts are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the fitting axis, and wherein the plurality of flexible conductors extend substantially radially about the fitting axis within a plane perpendicular to the fitting axis. 11. The connector according to claim 10,
wherein the second connection portions of the plurality of flexible conductors are aligned in a circumferential direction about the fitting axis within the plane perpendicular to the fitting axis. 12. The connector according to claim 10,
wherein the first connection portion of the each flexible conductor has a width W1 that is narrower than a width W2 of a corresponding second connection portion when viewed from a direction along the fitting axis. 13. The connector according to claim 12,
wherein an arrangement pitch P of the plurality of contacts is wider than the width W1 of the first connection portion of the each flexible conductor and narrower than the width W2 of the second connection portion of the each flexible conductor when viewed from the direction along the fitting axis. 14. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of flexible conductors are made of conductive fibers. 15. The connector according to claim 9, further comprising a cover member covering the first connection portion of the each flexible conductor that is connected to the contact-side connection portion of the each contact while allowing the second connection portion of the each flexible conductor to be exposed. | A first connection portion is formed at an end portion of a flexible conductor by folding the end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in a given direction, and a contact-side connection portion of a contact presses the first connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor.1. A connecting method for electrically connecting a contact having conductivity to a flexible conductor extending in a given direction, the connecting method comprising:
forming a first connection portion at an end portion of the flexible conductor by folding the end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the given direction; and pressing the first connection portion with a contact-side connection portion of the contact from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 2. The connecting method according to claim 1, wherein the halves of the end portion of the flexible conductor folded along the folding line are bonded together to form the first connection portion. 3. The connecting method according to claim 1, wherein a pair of nipping pieces provided to the contact-side connection portion are bent to sandwich the first connection portion from the opposite sides to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 4. The connecting method according to claim 1, wherein the first connection portion is inserted into a slit provided to the contact-side connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 5. A connecting structure in which a contact having conductivity is electrically connected to a flexible conductor extending in a given direction,
wherein the flexible conductor includes a first connection portion that is formed by folding an end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the give direction, wherein the contact includes a contact-side connection portion, and wherein the first connection portion is pressed with the contact-side connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the flexible conductor. 6. A contact having conductivity that is to be electrically connected to a flexible conductor extending in a given direction, the contact comprising:
a contact-side connection portion to be connected to a first connection portion that is formed at an end portion of the flexible conductor by folding the end portion of the flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the given direction, wherein the contact-side connection portion presses the first connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to be electrically connected to the flexible conductor. 7. The contact according to claim 6, wherein the contact is formed of a metal sheet,
wherein the contact-side connection portion includes a pair of nipping pieces separately extending in opposite directions, and wherein the pair of nipping pieces are bent to sandwich the first connection portion from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion to thereby electrically connect the contact to the first connection portion. 8. The contact according to claim 6, wherein the contact is formed of a metal sheet,
wherein the contact-side connection portion includes a slit, and wherein the first connection portion is inserted into the slit to thereby electrically connect the contact to the first connection portion. 9. A connector comprising:
a plurality of contacts having conductivity; a plurality of flexible conductors connected to the plurality of contacts and each extending in a given direction; and a housing for holding the plurality of contacts, wherein each contact of the plurality of contacts includes: a contact-side connection portion that is disposed at an end of the each contact and connected to a corresponding flexible conductor; a contact portion that is disposed at another end of the each contact and comes into contact with a corresponding contact of a counter connector when the connector is fitted with the counter connector along a fitting axis; and a holding portion that is disposed between the contact-side connection portion and the contact portion and is embedded in and held by the housing, wherein each flexible conductor of the plurality of flexible conductors includes: a first connection portion that is formed by folding an end portion lying in the given direction of the each flexible conductor in halves along a folding line extending in the given direction; and a second connection portion that is disposed at another end portion in the given direction of the each flexible conductor, and wherein the contact-side connection portion of the each contact presses the first connection portion of a corresponding flexible conductor from opposite sides in a thickness direction of the first connection portion, whereby the plurality of contacts are electrically connected to the plurality of flexible conductors. 10. The connector according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of conductive contacts are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the fitting axis, and wherein the plurality of flexible conductors extend substantially radially about the fitting axis within a plane perpendicular to the fitting axis. 11. The connector according to claim 10,
wherein the second connection portions of the plurality of flexible conductors are aligned in a circumferential direction about the fitting axis within the plane perpendicular to the fitting axis. 12. The connector according to claim 10,
wherein the first connection portion of the each flexible conductor has a width W1 that is narrower than a width W2 of a corresponding second connection portion when viewed from a direction along the fitting axis. 13. The connector according to claim 12,
wherein an arrangement pitch P of the plurality of contacts is wider than the width W1 of the first connection portion of the each flexible conductor and narrower than the width W2 of the second connection portion of the each flexible conductor when viewed from the direction along the fitting axis. 14. The connector according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of flexible conductors are made of conductive fibers. 15. The connector according to claim 9, further comprising a cover member covering the first connection portion of the each flexible conductor that is connected to the contact-side connection portion of the each contact while allowing the second connection portion of the each flexible conductor to be exposed. | 2,800 |
343,896 | 16,803,368 | 2,857 | A printing apparatus includes, in a printing apparatus main body, a cover configured to open and close a housing portion configured to house a recording medium, and a first support shaft and a second support shaft configured to rotatably support the cover. The first support shaft is disposed in a position closer to the printing unit than to the housing portion, and the second support shaft is disposed in a position farther from the printing unit than from the housing portion. The cover is configured such that, when displaced from a closed position in a first direction, the cover is rotationally movable around the first support shaft up to a first open position, and that, when the cover is displaced from the closed position in a second direction, the cover is rotationally movable around the second support shaft up to a second open position. | 1. A printing apparatus, comprising:
a housing portion configured to house a recording medium; a transport unit configured to transport the recording medium from the housing portion to a printing unit; and a cover configured to open and close the housing portion, wherein the cover is rotatably supported by a first support shaft and a second support shaft, the first support shaft is disposed in a position closer to the printing unit than the housing portion is, and the second support shaft is disposed in a position farther from the printing unit than the housing portion is, and the cover is configured such that, when displaced from a closed position in a first direction, the cover is spaced from the second support shaft and is rotationally movable around the first support shaft up to a first open position, and that, when displaced from the closed position in a second direction, the cover is spaced from the first support shaft and is rotationally movable around the second support shaft up to a second open position. 2. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the transport unit is configured to transport an external recording medium to the printing unit, the cover, in the first open position, forms, in the housing portion, an opening through which the recording medium is insertable to the housing portion, and also opens, at one end of the housing portion, an insertion opening that guides the external recording medium into a printing apparatus main body, and the cover, in the second open position, forms, in the housing portion, an opening through which the recording medium and the external recording medium are loadable on the transport unit. 3. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a first engagement member provided at the cover, and configured to engage with the first support shaft such that the cover is rotationally movable from the closed position of the cover to the first open position, and disengage from the first support shaft by moving with respect to the first support shaft; and a second engagement member provided at the cover, and configured to engage with the second support shaft such that the cover is rotationally movable from the closed position of the cover to the second open position, and disengage from the first second shaft by moving with respect to the second support shaft. 4. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a first spur gear provided at the cover, and configured to mesh with a first internal gear, provided at a peripheral portion of the first support shaft, and rotate due to a rotational movement of the cover around the first support shaft; a first damper configured to apply a load to rotation of the first spur gear; a second spur gear provided at the cover, and configured to mesh with a second internal gear, provided at a peripheral portion of the second support shaft, and rotate due to a rotational movement of the cover around the second support shaft; and a second damper configured to apply a load to rotation of the second spur gear. 5. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second support shaft is located in a direction opposite to a discharge direction of the recording medium with respect to the first support shaft. | A printing apparatus includes, in a printing apparatus main body, a cover configured to open and close a housing portion configured to house a recording medium, and a first support shaft and a second support shaft configured to rotatably support the cover. The first support shaft is disposed in a position closer to the printing unit than to the housing portion, and the second support shaft is disposed in a position farther from the printing unit than from the housing portion. The cover is configured such that, when displaced from a closed position in a first direction, the cover is rotationally movable around the first support shaft up to a first open position, and that, when the cover is displaced from the closed position in a second direction, the cover is rotationally movable around the second support shaft up to a second open position.1. A printing apparatus, comprising:
a housing portion configured to house a recording medium; a transport unit configured to transport the recording medium from the housing portion to a printing unit; and a cover configured to open and close the housing portion, wherein the cover is rotatably supported by a first support shaft and a second support shaft, the first support shaft is disposed in a position closer to the printing unit than the housing portion is, and the second support shaft is disposed in a position farther from the printing unit than the housing portion is, and the cover is configured such that, when displaced from a closed position in a first direction, the cover is spaced from the second support shaft and is rotationally movable around the first support shaft up to a first open position, and that, when displaced from the closed position in a second direction, the cover is spaced from the first support shaft and is rotationally movable around the second support shaft up to a second open position. 2. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the transport unit is configured to transport an external recording medium to the printing unit, the cover, in the first open position, forms, in the housing portion, an opening through which the recording medium is insertable to the housing portion, and also opens, at one end of the housing portion, an insertion opening that guides the external recording medium into a printing apparatus main body, and the cover, in the second open position, forms, in the housing portion, an opening through which the recording medium and the external recording medium are loadable on the transport unit. 3. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a first engagement member provided at the cover, and configured to engage with the first support shaft such that the cover is rotationally movable from the closed position of the cover to the first open position, and disengage from the first support shaft by moving with respect to the first support shaft; and a second engagement member provided at the cover, and configured to engage with the second support shaft such that the cover is rotationally movable from the closed position of the cover to the second open position, and disengage from the first second shaft by moving with respect to the second support shaft. 4. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a first spur gear provided at the cover, and configured to mesh with a first internal gear, provided at a peripheral portion of the first support shaft, and rotate due to a rotational movement of the cover around the first support shaft; a first damper configured to apply a load to rotation of the first spur gear; a second spur gear provided at the cover, and configured to mesh with a second internal gear, provided at a peripheral portion of the second support shaft, and rotate due to a rotational movement of the cover around the second support shaft; and a second damper configured to apply a load to rotation of the second spur gear. 5. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second support shaft is located in a direction opposite to a discharge direction of the recording medium with respect to the first support shaft. | 2,800 |
343,897 | 16,803,343 | 2,824 | A semiconductor memory device includes first and second wirings extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in the first direction, third wirings above the first and second wirings and extending in a second direction, fourth and fifth wirings above the third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction, a plurality of memory cells between each third wiring and each of first, second, fourth, and fifth wirings, voltage application circuits, connection conductors between the voltage application circuits and the wirings, and connection wirings that electrically connect the fourth and fifth wirings to the voltage application circuits. The voltage application circuits are arranged so that a non-selected voltage application circuit is under a space between the first and second wirings, and a selected voltage application circuit is under the first wiring. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate; first and second wirings above the substrate, extending in a first direction parallel to a substrate surface, and spaced apart from each other in the first direction; a plurality of third wirings above the first wiring and the second wiring and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; fourth and fifth wirings above the plurality of third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction; a plurality of memory cells between the first wiring and the third wirings, between the second wiring and the third wirings, between the fourth wiring and the third wirings, and the fifth wiring and the third wirings; a first non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under a space between the first wiring and the second wiring in the first direction; a second non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under the first wiring; a first selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the first non-selected voltage application circuit and the second non-selected voltage application circuit; a second selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the second non-selected voltage application circuit and the first selected voltage application circuit; a first connection conductor between the substrate and the first wiring; a second connection conductor between the substrate and the first connection conductor; a first connection wiring extending in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction through the space between the first wiring and the second wiring to connect the fourth wiring to the second connection conductor; a second connection wiring extending in the third direction to connect the fifth wiring to the first connection conductor; third and fourth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the second connection conductor to the first non-selected voltage application circuit and the first selected voltage application circuit, respectively; and fifth and sixth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the first connection conductor to the second non-selected voltage application circuit and the second selected voltage application circuit, respectively. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second connection conductors each have a planar surface that is parallel to the substrate surface. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the first connection conductor or the second connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the first wiring in the second direction is greater than 2. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the first connection conductor or the second connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the first wiring in the second direction is greater than 3. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second selected voltage application circuits includes a MOSFET, and the MOSFETs are disposed adjacent to each other. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
sixth and seventh wirings above the plurality of third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction, wherein the sixth wiring is between the fourth and fifth wirings and the fifth wiring is between the sixth and seventh wirings; a third non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under the space between the first wiring and the second wiring in the first direction; a fourth non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under the second wiring; a third selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the third non-selected voltage application circuit and the fourth non-selected voltage application circuit; a fourth selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the fourth non-selected voltage application circuit and the third selected voltage application circuit; a third connection conductor between the substrate and the second wiring; a fourth connection conductor between the substrate and the third connection conductor; a seventh connection wiring extending in the third direction through the space between the first wiring and the second wiring to connect the sixth wiring to the fourth connection conductor; an eighth connection wiring extending in the third direction to connect the seventh wiring to the third connection conductor; ninth and tenth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the fourth connection conductor to the third non-selected voltage application circuit and the third selected voltage application circuit, respectively; and eleventh and twelfth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the third connection conductor to the fourth non-selected voltage application circuit and the fourth selected voltage application circuit, respectively. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein
the third and fourth connection conductors each have a planar surface that is parallel to the substrate surface. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the third connection conductor or the fourth connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 2. 9. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the third connection conductor or the fourth connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 3. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein each of the third and fourth selected voltage application circuits includes a MOSFET, and the MOSFETs are disposed adjacent to each other. 11. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein
a distance between the first connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the third connection conductor and the substrate, and a distance between the second connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the fourth connection conductor and the substrate. 12. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate; first and second wirings above the substrate, extending in a first direction parallel to a substrate surface, and spaced apart from each other in the first direction; a plurality of third wirings above the first wiring and the second wiring and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh wirings above the plurality of third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction; a plurality of memory cells between the each of the third wirings and each of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh wirings; and first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eight voltage application circuits arranged in that order on the substrate along the first direction, wherein the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth voltage application circuits are non-selected voltage application circuits, and the second, third, sixth, and seventh voltage application circuits are selected voltage application circuits, and the first and eight voltage application circuits are below the first and second wirings, respectively, and the fourth and fifth voltage application circuits are below the space between the first and second wirings. 13. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a first connection conductor that electrically connects the fourth wiring to the fourth voltage application circuit through a first connection wiring and a second connection wiring, and to the third voltage application circuit through the first connection wiring and a third connection wiring; a second connection conductor that electrically connects the fifth wiring to the fifth voltage application circuit through a fourth connection wiring and a fifth connection wiring, and to the sixth voltage application circuit through the fourth connection wiring and a sixth connection wiring; a third connection conductor that electrically connects the sixth wiring to the first voltage application circuit through a seventh connection wiring and an eighth connection wiring, and to the second voltage application circuit through the seventh connection wiring and a ninth connection wiring; and a fourth connection conductor that electrically connects the seventh wiring to the eighth voltage application circuit through a tenth connection wiring and an eleventh connection wiring, and to the seventh voltage application circuit through the tenth connection wiring and a twelfth connection wiring. 14. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 13, wherein
each of the second, third, sixth and seventh voltage application circuits includes a MOSFET, and the MOSFETs of the second and third voltage application circuits are disposed adjacent to each other, and the MOSFETS of the sixth and seventh voltage application circuits are disposed adjacent to each other. 15. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, wherein
a distance between the first connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the second connection conductor and the substrate, and a distance between the third connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the fourth connection conductor and the substrate. 16. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 15, wherein
the first, second, third, and fourth connection conductors each have a planar surface that is parallel to the substrate surface. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 16, wherein
a ratio of a width of any of the first, second, third, and fourth connection conductors in the second direction, to a width of either the first wiring or the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 2. 18. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 16, wherein
a ratio of a width of any of the first, second, third, and fourth connection conductors in the second direction, to a width of either the first wiring or the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 3. | A semiconductor memory device includes first and second wirings extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in the first direction, third wirings above the first and second wirings and extending in a second direction, fourth and fifth wirings above the third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction, a plurality of memory cells between each third wiring and each of first, second, fourth, and fifth wirings, voltage application circuits, connection conductors between the voltage application circuits and the wirings, and connection wirings that electrically connect the fourth and fifth wirings to the voltage application circuits. The voltage application circuits are arranged so that a non-selected voltage application circuit is under a space between the first and second wirings, and a selected voltage application circuit is under the first wiring.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate; first and second wirings above the substrate, extending in a first direction parallel to a substrate surface, and spaced apart from each other in the first direction; a plurality of third wirings above the first wiring and the second wiring and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; fourth and fifth wirings above the plurality of third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction; a plurality of memory cells between the first wiring and the third wirings, between the second wiring and the third wirings, between the fourth wiring and the third wirings, and the fifth wiring and the third wirings; a first non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under a space between the first wiring and the second wiring in the first direction; a second non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under the first wiring; a first selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the first non-selected voltage application circuit and the second non-selected voltage application circuit; a second selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the second non-selected voltage application circuit and the first selected voltage application circuit; a first connection conductor between the substrate and the first wiring; a second connection conductor between the substrate and the first connection conductor; a first connection wiring extending in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction through the space between the first wiring and the second wiring to connect the fourth wiring to the second connection conductor; a second connection wiring extending in the third direction to connect the fifth wiring to the first connection conductor; third and fourth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the second connection conductor to the first non-selected voltage application circuit and the first selected voltage application circuit, respectively; and fifth and sixth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the first connection conductor to the second non-selected voltage application circuit and the second selected voltage application circuit, respectively. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second connection conductors each have a planar surface that is parallel to the substrate surface. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the first connection conductor or the second connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the first wiring in the second direction is greater than 2. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the first connection conductor or the second connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the first wiring in the second direction is greater than 3. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second selected voltage application circuits includes a MOSFET, and the MOSFETs are disposed adjacent to each other. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
sixth and seventh wirings above the plurality of third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction, wherein the sixth wiring is between the fourth and fifth wirings and the fifth wiring is between the sixth and seventh wirings; a third non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under the space between the first wiring and the second wiring in the first direction; a fourth non-selected voltage application circuit on the substrate and under the second wiring; a third selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the third non-selected voltage application circuit and the fourth non-selected voltage application circuit; a fourth selected voltage application circuit on the substrate between the fourth non-selected voltage application circuit and the third selected voltage application circuit; a third connection conductor between the substrate and the second wiring; a fourth connection conductor between the substrate and the third connection conductor; a seventh connection wiring extending in the third direction through the space between the first wiring and the second wiring to connect the sixth wiring to the fourth connection conductor; an eighth connection wiring extending in the third direction to connect the seventh wiring to the third connection conductor; ninth and tenth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the fourth connection conductor to the third non-selected voltage application circuit and the third selected voltage application circuit, respectively; and eleventh and twelfth connection wirings extending in the third direction to connect the third connection conductor to the fourth non-selected voltage application circuit and the fourth selected voltage application circuit, respectively. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein
the third and fourth connection conductors each have a planar surface that is parallel to the substrate surface. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the third connection conductor or the fourth connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 2. 9. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
a ratio of a width of either the third connection conductor or the fourth connection conductor in the second direction, to a width of the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 3. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein each of the third and fourth selected voltage application circuits includes a MOSFET, and the MOSFETs are disposed adjacent to each other. 11. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein
a distance between the first connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the third connection conductor and the substrate, and a distance between the second connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the fourth connection conductor and the substrate. 12. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate; first and second wirings above the substrate, extending in a first direction parallel to a substrate surface, and spaced apart from each other in the first direction; a plurality of third wirings above the first wiring and the second wiring and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh wirings above the plurality of third wirings, extending in the first direction, and spaced apart from each other in the second direction; a plurality of memory cells between the each of the third wirings and each of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh wirings; and first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eight voltage application circuits arranged in that order on the substrate along the first direction, wherein the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth voltage application circuits are non-selected voltage application circuits, and the second, third, sixth, and seventh voltage application circuits are selected voltage application circuits, and the first and eight voltage application circuits are below the first and second wirings, respectively, and the fourth and fifth voltage application circuits are below the space between the first and second wirings. 13. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a first connection conductor that electrically connects the fourth wiring to the fourth voltage application circuit through a first connection wiring and a second connection wiring, and to the third voltage application circuit through the first connection wiring and a third connection wiring; a second connection conductor that electrically connects the fifth wiring to the fifth voltage application circuit through a fourth connection wiring and a fifth connection wiring, and to the sixth voltage application circuit through the fourth connection wiring and a sixth connection wiring; a third connection conductor that electrically connects the sixth wiring to the first voltage application circuit through a seventh connection wiring and an eighth connection wiring, and to the second voltage application circuit through the seventh connection wiring and a ninth connection wiring; and a fourth connection conductor that electrically connects the seventh wiring to the eighth voltage application circuit through a tenth connection wiring and an eleventh connection wiring, and to the seventh voltage application circuit through the tenth connection wiring and a twelfth connection wiring. 14. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 13, wherein
each of the second, third, sixth and seventh voltage application circuits includes a MOSFET, and the MOSFETs of the second and third voltage application circuits are disposed adjacent to each other, and the MOSFETS of the sixth and seventh voltage application circuits are disposed adjacent to each other. 15. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, wherein
a distance between the first connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the second connection conductor and the substrate, and a distance between the third connection conductor and the substrate is equal to a distance between the fourth connection conductor and the substrate. 16. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 15, wherein
the first, second, third, and fourth connection conductors each have a planar surface that is parallel to the substrate surface. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 16, wherein
a ratio of a width of any of the first, second, third, and fourth connection conductors in the second direction, to a width of either the first wiring or the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 2. 18. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 16, wherein
a ratio of a width of any of the first, second, third, and fourth connection conductors in the second direction, to a width of either the first wiring or the second wiring in the second direction is greater than 3. | 2,800 |
343,898 | 16,803,373 | 2,824 | An electronic component module including a fixing part, a function part housed in, or fixed to, the fixing part, at least one connection line, and at least one protrusion on the function part or the fixing part. The fixing part includes an abutting face, an outer face extending from an end of the abutting face in a direction including a component of a first direction, and an edge line along which the abutting and outer faces meet. The connection line is flexible, electrically connected to the function part, positioned on a second direction side relative to the abutting face, and configured to be led out in a third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line. The protrusion extends at least partly in the third direction and is positioned at least partly on the first direction side relative to the connection line in the led-out state. | 1. An electronic component module comprising:
a fixing part being a frame or a circuit board, the fixing part including:
an abutting face,
an outer face extending from an end of the abutting face in a direction including a component of a first direction, the first direction being substantially orthogonal to the abutting face, and
an edge line along which the abutting face and the outer face meet;
a function part housed in, or fixed to, the fixing part, the function part being configured to function as an electronic component; at least one connection line being flexible, electrically connected to the function part, positioned on a second direction side relative to the abutting face of the fixing part, and configured to be led out from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line of the fixing part to extend in a third direction, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction and the third direction crosses the first and second directions; and at least one protrusion being provided on the function part or the fixing part, extending at least partly in the third direction, and being positioned at least partly on the first direction side relative to the at least one connection line having been led out in the third direction. 2. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion is partly positioned on the second direction side relative to the at least one connection line having been led out in the third direction. 3. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion extends in the third direction, from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line of the fixing part. 4. The electronic component module according to claim 2, wherein the at least one protrusion extends in the third direction, from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line of the fixing part. 5. The electronic component module according to claim 3, wherein the at least one protrusion extends further in the third direction than the outer face of the fixing part. 6. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the fixing part further includes a flange having the abutting face, the outer face, and the edge line. 7. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 8. The electronic component module according to claim 2, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 9. The electronic component module according to claim 3, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 10. The electronic component module according to claim 4, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 11. The electronic component module according to claim 7, wherein
the retainer is provided on the fixing part, and the at least one protrusion is not provided on the function part or the fixing part, but on the retainer. 12. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one connection line comprises a plurality of connection lines, and the or each protrusion is positioned between two of the connection lines. 13. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion comprises two protrusions arranged on opposite sides of the at least one connection line. 14. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one protrusion includes an opposing face opposing the abutting face, and the opposing face of the at least one protrusion curves or inclines such that a distance between the opposing face and the abutting face gradually increases in the third direction. 15. The electronic component module according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one protrusion includes an opposing face opposing the abutting face, and the opposing face of the at least one protrusion curves or inclines such that a distance between the opposing face and the abutting face gradually increases in the third direction. 16. The electronic component module according to claim 3, wherein
the at least one protrusion includes an opposing face opposing the abutting face, and the opposing face of the at least one protrusion curves or inclines such that a distance between the opposing face and the abutting face gradually increases in the third direction. 17. A combination of an electronic component module and a casing, the combination comprising:
the electronic component module according to claim 1; and a casing, the casing including:
a housing hole opening to the first direction side,
a first edge portion of the housing hole on the first direction side, and
a second edge portion of the housing hole on the second direction side,
wherein the first and second edge portions are positioned between the abutting face and the at least one protrusion in a state where the electronic component module is partly housed in the housing hole from the first direction side and the abutting face of the electronic component module abuts the first edge portion of the housing hole from the first direction side. 18. A combination of an electronic component module and a casing, the combination comprising:
the electronic component module according to claim 1; and a casing, the casing including:
a housing hole opening to the first direction side,
a first edge portion of the housing hole on the first direction side,
a side wall of the housing hole, and
at least one engaging portion provided on the side wall of the housing hole and positioned on the second direction side relative to the first edge portion,
wherein the first edge portion and the engaging portion are positioned between the abutting face and the at least one protrusion in a state where the electronic component module is partly housed in the housing hole from the first direction side and the abutting face of the electronic component module abuts the first edge portion of the housing hole from the first direction side. 19. A control device comprising:
the combination according to claim 17; a main circuit board positioned on the second direction side relative to the casing and connected to the at least one connection line of the electronic component module; and a controller mounted on the main circuit board and configured to output a signal to, and/or receive a signal from, the function part of the electronic component module via the main circuit board and the at least one connection line. 20. A control device comprising:
the combination according to claim 18; a main circuit board positioned on the second direction side relative to the casing and connected to the at least one connection line of the electronic component module; and a controller mounted on the main circuit board and configured to output a signal to, and/or receive a signal from, the function part of the electronic component module via the main circuit board and the at least one connection line. | An electronic component module including a fixing part, a function part housed in, or fixed to, the fixing part, at least one connection line, and at least one protrusion on the function part or the fixing part. The fixing part includes an abutting face, an outer face extending from an end of the abutting face in a direction including a component of a first direction, and an edge line along which the abutting and outer faces meet. The connection line is flexible, electrically connected to the function part, positioned on a second direction side relative to the abutting face, and configured to be led out in a third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line. The protrusion extends at least partly in the third direction and is positioned at least partly on the first direction side relative to the connection line in the led-out state.1. An electronic component module comprising:
a fixing part being a frame or a circuit board, the fixing part including:
an abutting face,
an outer face extending from an end of the abutting face in a direction including a component of a first direction, the first direction being substantially orthogonal to the abutting face, and
an edge line along which the abutting face and the outer face meet;
a function part housed in, or fixed to, the fixing part, the function part being configured to function as an electronic component; at least one connection line being flexible, electrically connected to the function part, positioned on a second direction side relative to the abutting face of the fixing part, and configured to be led out from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line of the fixing part to extend in a third direction, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction and the third direction crosses the first and second directions; and at least one protrusion being provided on the function part or the fixing part, extending at least partly in the third direction, and being positioned at least partly on the first direction side relative to the at least one connection line having been led out in the third direction. 2. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion is partly positioned on the second direction side relative to the at least one connection line having been led out in the third direction. 3. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion extends in the third direction, from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line of the fixing part. 4. The electronic component module according to claim 2, wherein the at least one protrusion extends in the third direction, from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line of the fixing part. 5. The electronic component module according to claim 3, wherein the at least one protrusion extends further in the third direction than the outer face of the fixing part. 6. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the fixing part further includes a flange having the abutting face, the outer face, and the edge line. 7. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 8. The electronic component module according to claim 2, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 9. The electronic component module according to claim 3, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 10. The electronic component module according to claim 4, wherein
the electronic component further comprises a retainer positioned on the second direction side relative to the abutting face, the retainer retains the at least one connection line partly such that the at least one connection line is led out in the third direction from an inside to an outside relative to the edge line, the at least one connection line includes a retained portion to be retained by the retainer, and the at least one protrusion is positioned in a vicinity of the retained portion of the at least one connection line and at least partly positioned on the first direction side relative to the retained portion of the at least one connection line. 11. The electronic component module according to claim 7, wherein
the retainer is provided on the fixing part, and the at least one protrusion is not provided on the function part or the fixing part, but on the retainer. 12. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one connection line comprises a plurality of connection lines, and the or each protrusion is positioned between two of the connection lines. 13. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion comprises two protrusions arranged on opposite sides of the at least one connection line. 14. The electronic component module according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one protrusion includes an opposing face opposing the abutting face, and the opposing face of the at least one protrusion curves or inclines such that a distance between the opposing face and the abutting face gradually increases in the third direction. 15. The electronic component module according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one protrusion includes an opposing face opposing the abutting face, and the opposing face of the at least one protrusion curves or inclines such that a distance between the opposing face and the abutting face gradually increases in the third direction. 16. The electronic component module according to claim 3, wherein
the at least one protrusion includes an opposing face opposing the abutting face, and the opposing face of the at least one protrusion curves or inclines such that a distance between the opposing face and the abutting face gradually increases in the third direction. 17. A combination of an electronic component module and a casing, the combination comprising:
the electronic component module according to claim 1; and a casing, the casing including:
a housing hole opening to the first direction side,
a first edge portion of the housing hole on the first direction side, and
a second edge portion of the housing hole on the second direction side,
wherein the first and second edge portions are positioned between the abutting face and the at least one protrusion in a state where the electronic component module is partly housed in the housing hole from the first direction side and the abutting face of the electronic component module abuts the first edge portion of the housing hole from the first direction side. 18. A combination of an electronic component module and a casing, the combination comprising:
the electronic component module according to claim 1; and a casing, the casing including:
a housing hole opening to the first direction side,
a first edge portion of the housing hole on the first direction side,
a side wall of the housing hole, and
at least one engaging portion provided on the side wall of the housing hole and positioned on the second direction side relative to the first edge portion,
wherein the first edge portion and the engaging portion are positioned between the abutting face and the at least one protrusion in a state where the electronic component module is partly housed in the housing hole from the first direction side and the abutting face of the electronic component module abuts the first edge portion of the housing hole from the first direction side. 19. A control device comprising:
the combination according to claim 17; a main circuit board positioned on the second direction side relative to the casing and connected to the at least one connection line of the electronic component module; and a controller mounted on the main circuit board and configured to output a signal to, and/or receive a signal from, the function part of the electronic component module via the main circuit board and the at least one connection line. 20. A control device comprising:
the combination according to claim 18; a main circuit board positioned on the second direction side relative to the casing and connected to the at least one connection line of the electronic component module; and a controller mounted on the main circuit board and configured to output a signal to, and/or receive a signal from, the function part of the electronic component module via the main circuit board and the at least one connection line. | 2,800 |
343,899 | 16,803,369 | 2,824 | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF), an intensity of light within a second range being input into the second OETF; storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first OETF supports a first range of an input intensity of light and the second range is wider than the first range, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support the second OETF. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4,
wherein the first range and the second range correspond to a first luminance range and a second luminance range, respectively, and wherein the second luminance range is wider than the first luminance range. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on the first OETF. 7. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports the first OETF and the second OETF. 8. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF), an intensity of light within a second range being input into the second OETF; and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first OETF supports a first range of an input intensity of light and the second range is wider than the first range, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support the second OETF. | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data.1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF), an intensity of light within a second range being input into the second OETF; storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first OETF supports a first range of an input intensity of light and the second range is wider than the first range, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support the second OETF. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4,
wherein the first range and the second range correspond to a first luminance range and a second luminance range, respectively, and wherein the second luminance range is wider than the first luminance range. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on the first OETF. 7. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports the first OETF and the second OETF. 8. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF), an intensity of light within a second range being input into the second OETF; and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first OETF supports a first range of an input intensity of light and the second range is wider than the first range, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support the second OETF. | 2,800 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.