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343,900 | 16,803,344 | 2,824 | A network access credential can be shared among devices based on location information for a device. Location information can include timed fingerprint location information. In an aspect, location information can be associated with a location of user equipment. This location information can be correlated with network access credentials. Location information can be used to access a relevant network access credential. The relevant network access credential can be shared with other devices. In an embodiment, sharing a network access credential can be between mobile devices. In another embodiment, sharing a network access credential can be between a remote computing device and a mobile device. Sharing a credential can allow for access to a network without having to generate or input new credentials. | 1. A method, comprising:
wirelessly sharing, by a first user equipment comprising a processor, via a short-range communications interface, a network access credential for a wireless local area network with a second user equipment, to allow the second user equipment to access a network device of the wireless local area network, wherein the wirelessly sharing comprises:
receiving, by the first user equipment, via the short-range communications interface, a request for the network access credential from the second user equipment,
determining, by the first user equipment, permission of the second user equipment to access the wireless local area network, based at least in part on a user identity associated with the second user equipment, and
communicating, by the first user equipment, via the short-range communications interface, the network access credential to the second user equipment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises determining whether the second user equipment is a member of a group of devices indicated have permission to access the network device of the wireless local area network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises determining whether the second user equipment is a member of a group of devices indicated to be prohibited to access the network device of the wireless local area network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises accessing historical network access information related to previous access to the network device of the wireless local area network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises identifying the second user equipment as a device associated with the user identity. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first user equipment comprises a cellular telephone. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the short-range communications interface communicates according to a Bluetooth wireless protocol. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the short-range communications interface communicates according to a Wi-Fi protocol. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the network access credential comprises a Wi-Fi key. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the network access credential comprises a wired equivalent privacy key, a Wi-Fi protected access key, or a Wi-Fi protected access II key. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the network access credential comprises a service set identifier and a Wi-Fi protected access II key that are able to be used by the second user equipment to identify and access the network device of the wireless local area network. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the wirelessly sharing further comprises determining that the second user equipment is within a defined effective range to share the network access credential over a Bluetooth link. 13. A first user equipment device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
determining whether a second user equipment device has a permission to access a wireless access point device in a region associated with the first user equipment device, based at least in part on a user identity associated with the second user equipment device; and
in response to the determining indicating that the second user equipment device has the permission to access the wireless access point device, facilitating wirelessly sharing, via a short-range communications interface, a network access credential with the second user equipment device in the region. 14. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission comprises determining whether the second user equipment device is in a predetermined list of devices indicated have the permission to access the wireless access point device. 15. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission comprises determining whether the user identity is associated with the second user equipment device as an owner of the second user equipment device. 16. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission comprises accessing historical network access information in connection with the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission to access the wireless access point device. 17. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the first user equipment device comprises a cellular telephone. 18. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the short-range communications interface implements a wireless protocol from a group of wireless protocols, the group of wireless protocols comprising a Bluetooth protocol and a Wi-Fi protocol. 19. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a first user equipment device, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving, via the short-range communications interface from a second user equipment, request data representative of a request for a network access credential applicable to network devices of a wireless local area network, to enable the second user equipment to access a network device of the network devices of the wireless local area network; determining that the second user equipment is permitted to access the network device, based at least in part on a user identity determined to be associated with the second user equipment, and communicating, by the first user equipment, via the short-range communications interface, the network access credential to the second user equipment; and in response to the determining, sending the network access credential to the second user equipment via the short-range communications interface. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the network access credential comprises a Wi-Fi key to enable the second user equipment to access the network device. | A network access credential can be shared among devices based on location information for a device. Location information can include timed fingerprint location information. In an aspect, location information can be associated with a location of user equipment. This location information can be correlated with network access credentials. Location information can be used to access a relevant network access credential. The relevant network access credential can be shared with other devices. In an embodiment, sharing a network access credential can be between mobile devices. In another embodiment, sharing a network access credential can be between a remote computing device and a mobile device. Sharing a credential can allow for access to a network without having to generate or input new credentials.1. A method, comprising:
wirelessly sharing, by a first user equipment comprising a processor, via a short-range communications interface, a network access credential for a wireless local area network with a second user equipment, to allow the second user equipment to access a network device of the wireless local area network, wherein the wirelessly sharing comprises:
receiving, by the first user equipment, via the short-range communications interface, a request for the network access credential from the second user equipment,
determining, by the first user equipment, permission of the second user equipment to access the wireless local area network, based at least in part on a user identity associated with the second user equipment, and
communicating, by the first user equipment, via the short-range communications interface, the network access credential to the second user equipment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises determining whether the second user equipment is a member of a group of devices indicated have permission to access the network device of the wireless local area network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises determining whether the second user equipment is a member of a group of devices indicated to be prohibited to access the network device of the wireless local area network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises accessing historical network access information related to previous access to the network device of the wireless local area network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the permission comprises identifying the second user equipment as a device associated with the user identity. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first user equipment comprises a cellular telephone. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the short-range communications interface communicates according to a Bluetooth wireless protocol. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the short-range communications interface communicates according to a Wi-Fi protocol. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the network access credential comprises a Wi-Fi key. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the network access credential comprises a wired equivalent privacy key, a Wi-Fi protected access key, or a Wi-Fi protected access II key. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the network access credential comprises a service set identifier and a Wi-Fi protected access II key that are able to be used by the second user equipment to identify and access the network device of the wireless local area network. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the wirelessly sharing further comprises determining that the second user equipment is within a defined effective range to share the network access credential over a Bluetooth link. 13. A first user equipment device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
determining whether a second user equipment device has a permission to access a wireless access point device in a region associated with the first user equipment device, based at least in part on a user identity associated with the second user equipment device; and
in response to the determining indicating that the second user equipment device has the permission to access the wireless access point device, facilitating wirelessly sharing, via a short-range communications interface, a network access credential with the second user equipment device in the region. 14. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission comprises determining whether the second user equipment device is in a predetermined list of devices indicated have the permission to access the wireless access point device. 15. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission comprises determining whether the user identity is associated with the second user equipment device as an owner of the second user equipment device. 16. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission comprises accessing historical network access information in connection with the determining whether the second user equipment device has the permission to access the wireless access point device. 17. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the first user equipment device comprises a cellular telephone. 18. The first user equipment device of claim 13, wherein the short-range communications interface implements a wireless protocol from a group of wireless protocols, the group of wireless protocols comprising a Bluetooth protocol and a Wi-Fi protocol. 19. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a first user equipment device, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving, via the short-range communications interface from a second user equipment, request data representative of a request for a network access credential applicable to network devices of a wireless local area network, to enable the second user equipment to access a network device of the network devices of the wireless local area network; determining that the second user equipment is permitted to access the network device, based at least in part on a user identity determined to be associated with the second user equipment, and communicating, by the first user equipment, via the short-range communications interface, the network access credential to the second user equipment; and in response to the determining, sending the network access credential to the second user equipment via the short-range communications interface. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the network access credential comprises a Wi-Fi key to enable the second user equipment to access the network device. | 2,800 |
343,901 | 16,803,360 | 2,824 | A method for determining an error in the angular position measurement of a timepiece motor having one or more phases, including: detecting (3) each instant (14) when the value of one of the back electromotive forces is zero, storing (4) a time corresponding to each detected instant, measuring (5) several time intervals between two instants (14) detected in the same revolution of the motor, comparing (6) the measured time intervals to reference time intervals to deduce the reference intervals to which they correspond, and determining (7) an angular position measurement error if the measured intervals do not correspond to the expected reference intervals. The invention also relates to a method for correcting the angular position measurement. Also, a determination and correction system for implementing the methods and a timepiece including such a system. | 1. A method for determining (1) an error in the measurement of the angular position of a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), particularly a timepiece motor, the motor comprising a rotating rotor (42), characterized in that the method (1) comprises the following steps, consisting in:
detecting (3) each instant (14) when the value of one of the back electromotive forces is zero, storing (4) a time corresponding to each detected instant, measuring (5) several time intervals between two instants (14) detected in the same revolution of the motor, comparing (6) the measured time intervals to reference time intervals to deduce the reference intervals to which they correspond, and determining (7) an angular position measurement error if the measured intervals do not correspond to the expected reference intervals. 2. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular position measurement error is determined (7) by counting the number of instants (14) of advance or lag between the measured intervals and the expected reference intervals. 3. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the time intervals are measured between two successive detected instants (14). 4. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the same time interval is measured over several revolutions of the motor to obtain a mean value. 5. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that time intervals are measured (5) between all the instants (14) detected in one revolution of the motor, to obtain a series of time intervals. 6. The method (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the series of time intervals is compared (6) to a series of reference time intervals of one reference revolution of the motor to determine the measurement error. 7. The method (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the measurement error is determined (7) by counting the number of instants (14) of advance or lag of the series of time intervals compared to the series of reference time intervals. 8. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the method includes a series of preliminary steps of defining the reference intervals, wherein the motor rotates at constant speed and the series of steps consists in:
detecting (22) each instant (14) when the value of a back electromotive force is zero, storing (23) a time corresponding to each detected instant (14), measuring (24) time intervals between the successive detected instants (14) for one revolution of the motor, and storing (25) the measured time intervals as reference intervals for a reference revolution of the motor. 9. The method (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the instants (14) are detected (22) over several revolutions of the motor in order to determine a mean value for each reference time interval of the reference revolution. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the series of preliminary steps (22, 23, 24, 25) is regularly repeated to update the reference intervals. 11. A method (30) for correcting the measurement of the angular position of a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), particularly a timepiece motor, the motor comprising a rotating rotor (42), characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
detecting (31) each instant (14) when the value of a back electromotive force is zero, counting (32) the number of detected instants (14) to deduce an angular position of the motor, performing (33) a series of preliminary steps of defining reference intervals according to claim 8, detecting (34) an anomaly, determining (35) an error in the angular position measurement of the motor with the determination method according to claim 1, correcting (37) the angular position measurement of the motor. 12. The method (30) according to claim 11, characterized in that the motor is stopped as soon as an anomaly is detected (34) and then restarted before determining (35) an angular position measurement error. 13. The method (30) according to claim 11, characterized in that an anomaly is detected (34) when no more instants are detected, or when a detected instant does not come from a phase corresponding to an expected order. 14. A system (40) for determining an error and correcting the angular position measurement of a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), particularly a timepiece motor, the motor comprising a rotating rotor (42), characterized in that the system includes:
a unit (41) for monitoring the back electromotive forces of the phases of the motor, the monitoring unit (41) being configured to detect each phase when the value of the back electromotive forces is zero, a processing unit (43) configured to store a time corresponding to each detected instant, to measure several time intervals between two instants detected in the same revolution of the motor, to perform a series of preliminary steps of defining reference intervals, to compare the measured time intervals to reference time intervals in a reference revolution of the motor in order to deduce to which reference interval they correspond, and to determine an angular position measurement error if the measured intervals do not correspond to the expected reference intervals. 15. The system (40) according to claim 14, characterized in that the system comprises a unit for correcting the angular position measurement, the correction unit being configured (44) to count the number of detected instants (14) and deduce an angular position of the motor, to detect an anomaly, and to correct (36) the angular position measurement of the motor. 16. A timepiece comprising a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), the motor comprising a rotor (42) capable of rotation to supply mechanical energy to a timepiece movement, in particular a mechanical movement of a display device with hands, and a system (40) for determining an error and correcting the angular position measurement of the motor according to claim 14. | A method for determining an error in the angular position measurement of a timepiece motor having one or more phases, including: detecting (3) each instant (14) when the value of one of the back electromotive forces is zero, storing (4) a time corresponding to each detected instant, measuring (5) several time intervals between two instants (14) detected in the same revolution of the motor, comparing (6) the measured time intervals to reference time intervals to deduce the reference intervals to which they correspond, and determining (7) an angular position measurement error if the measured intervals do not correspond to the expected reference intervals. The invention also relates to a method for correcting the angular position measurement. Also, a determination and correction system for implementing the methods and a timepiece including such a system.1. A method for determining (1) an error in the measurement of the angular position of a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), particularly a timepiece motor, the motor comprising a rotating rotor (42), characterized in that the method (1) comprises the following steps, consisting in:
detecting (3) each instant (14) when the value of one of the back electromotive forces is zero, storing (4) a time corresponding to each detected instant, measuring (5) several time intervals between two instants (14) detected in the same revolution of the motor, comparing (6) the measured time intervals to reference time intervals to deduce the reference intervals to which they correspond, and determining (7) an angular position measurement error if the measured intervals do not correspond to the expected reference intervals. 2. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular position measurement error is determined (7) by counting the number of instants (14) of advance or lag between the measured intervals and the expected reference intervals. 3. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the time intervals are measured between two successive detected instants (14). 4. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the same time interval is measured over several revolutions of the motor to obtain a mean value. 5. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that time intervals are measured (5) between all the instants (14) detected in one revolution of the motor, to obtain a series of time intervals. 6. The method (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the series of time intervals is compared (6) to a series of reference time intervals of one reference revolution of the motor to determine the measurement error. 7. The method (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the measurement error is determined (7) by counting the number of instants (14) of advance or lag of the series of time intervals compared to the series of reference time intervals. 8. The method (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the method includes a series of preliminary steps of defining the reference intervals, wherein the motor rotates at constant speed and the series of steps consists in:
detecting (22) each instant (14) when the value of a back electromotive force is zero, storing (23) a time corresponding to each detected instant (14), measuring (24) time intervals between the successive detected instants (14) for one revolution of the motor, and storing (25) the measured time intervals as reference intervals for a reference revolution of the motor. 9. The method (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the instants (14) are detected (22) over several revolutions of the motor in order to determine a mean value for each reference time interval of the reference revolution. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the series of preliminary steps (22, 23, 24, 25) is regularly repeated to update the reference intervals. 11. A method (30) for correcting the measurement of the angular position of a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), particularly a timepiece motor, the motor comprising a rotating rotor (42), characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
detecting (31) each instant (14) when the value of a back electromotive force is zero, counting (32) the number of detected instants (14) to deduce an angular position of the motor, performing (33) a series of preliminary steps of defining reference intervals according to claim 8, detecting (34) an anomaly, determining (35) an error in the angular position measurement of the motor with the determination method according to claim 1, correcting (37) the angular position measurement of the motor. 12. The method (30) according to claim 11, characterized in that the motor is stopped as soon as an anomaly is detected (34) and then restarted before determining (35) an angular position measurement error. 13. The method (30) according to claim 11, characterized in that an anomaly is detected (34) when no more instants are detected, or when a detected instant does not come from a phase corresponding to an expected order. 14. A system (40) for determining an error and correcting the angular position measurement of a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), particularly a timepiece motor, the motor comprising a rotating rotor (42), characterized in that the system includes:
a unit (41) for monitoring the back electromotive forces of the phases of the motor, the monitoring unit (41) being configured to detect each phase when the value of the back electromotive forces is zero, a processing unit (43) configured to store a time corresponding to each detected instant, to measure several time intervals between two instants detected in the same revolution of the motor, to perform a series of preliminary steps of defining reference intervals, to compare the measured time intervals to reference time intervals in a reference revolution of the motor in order to deduce to which reference interval they correspond, and to determine an angular position measurement error if the measured intervals do not correspond to the expected reference intervals. 15. The system (40) according to claim 14, characterized in that the system comprises a unit for correcting the angular position measurement, the correction unit being configured (44) to count the number of detected instants (14) and deduce an angular position of the motor, to detect an anomaly, and to correct (36) the angular position measurement of the motor. 16. A timepiece comprising a continuous rotation motor having one or more phases (11, 12, 13), the motor comprising a rotor (42) capable of rotation to supply mechanical energy to a timepiece movement, in particular a mechanical movement of a display device with hands, and a system (40) for determining an error and correcting the angular position measurement of the motor according to claim 14. | 2,800 |
343,902 | 16,803,357 | 2,824 | Methods and systems are provided for boosted engine systems. In one example, a system may include a pressurized air induction system with two pathways, the first for delivering ambient and the second for delivering boosted air to the engine. The pressurized air induction system is also adapted to store boosted air for faster supply of boost pressure in the event of demand for greater engine torque. | 1. A method for an engine, comprising:
at higher engine load, drawing cool compressed air into an engine via an air intake passage; at lower engine load, drawing ambient air into the engine via a duct while retaining cooled compressed air in the air intake passage; and releasing the compressed air from the air intake passage based on heat transferred to the compressed air during the lower engine load. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, estimating the heat transferred to the compressed air retained in the air intake passage based on ambient conditions including ambient temperature and humidity, the heat transferred is increased as the ambient temperature increases and/or as the ambient humidity decreases. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein retaining the cooled compressed air includes closing a throttle coupled downstream of an intake compressor in the air intake passage, and wherein the heat transferred is determined as a function of an initial temperature of the cooled compressed air and a duration elapsed since the closing of the throttle. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compressed air is released responsive to higher than threshold heat transfer while at the lower engine load. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, responsive to lower than threshold heat transfer while at the lower engine load, releasing the compressed air responsive to an increase in operator torque demand. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the air intake passage is coupled to the duct at a location upstream of an intake compressor. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein drawing cool compressed air at the higher engine load includes increasing an opening of a boost throttle coupled in the air intake passage to draw air via the intake compressor, and through a charge air cooler located downstream of the compressor, into the engine, and wherein retaining cooled compressed air in the air intake passage at the lower engine load includes not flowing air through the compressor and closing the boost throttle. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, decreasing the opening of an air throttle coupled in the duct at the higher engine load, the decreasing the opening of the air throttle based on the increasing the opening of the boost throttle. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein releasing the compressed air includes:
increasing the opening of the boost throttle while at the lower engine load; decreasing the opening of the air throttle based on the opening of the boost throttle; and retarding spark timing based on engine torque with the increased opening of the boost throttle relative to operator torque demand at the lower engine load. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein coolant is circulated through the charge air cooler while drawing cool compressed air into the engine via the air intake passage, and wherein coolant is not circulated through the charge air cooler while retaining the compressed air in the air intake passage. 11-20. (canceled) 21. A method for an engine, comprising:
at higher engine load, drawing compressed air into an intake manifold of an engine via an air intake passage; at lower engine load, drawing ambient air into the intake manifold of the engine via a duct while retaining the compressed air in the air intake passage; and adjusting an opening of a boost throttle coupled in the air intake passage to release the compressed air from the air intake passage into the intake manifold of the engine responsive to an amount of heat transferred to the compressed air during the lower engine load exceeding a threshold. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the opening of the boost throttle is further adjusted to release the compressed air from the air intake passage into the intake manifold responsive to a period of time that the compressed air has been retained in the air intake passage exceeding a time threshold. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the compressed air is cooled via a charge air cooler (CAC) prior to being drawn into the engine via the air intake passage. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the boost throttle is closed to retain the compressed air in the air intake passage. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein an air throttle is coupled in the duct, and wherein the air throttle is open when drawing ambient air into the intake manifold of the engine via the duct. 26. A method for an engine, comprising:
at lower engine load, storing cooled boost air in an intake passage while simultaneously flowing ambient air into an intake manifold of the engine via a duct; and then responsive to an inferred temperature of the stored cooled boost air exceeding a threshold temperature, decreasing an amount of the ambient air flowed into the intake manifold of the engine and flowing the stored cooled boost air to the intake manifold. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein a boost throttle coupled to the intake passage is opened to flow the stored cooled boost air to the intake manifold. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the boost throttle is further opened to flow the cooled boost air into the intake manifold responsive to a period of time that the cooled boost air has been stored in the air intake passage exceeding a time threshold. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein decreasing the amount of the ambient air flowed into the intake manifold of the engine includes adjusting a position of an air throttle coupled in the duct to a more closed position. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising, at higher engine load, drawing further cooled boost air directly into the intake manifold of the engine via the air intake passage. | Methods and systems are provided for boosted engine systems. In one example, a system may include a pressurized air induction system with two pathways, the first for delivering ambient and the second for delivering boosted air to the engine. The pressurized air induction system is also adapted to store boosted air for faster supply of boost pressure in the event of demand for greater engine torque.1. A method for an engine, comprising:
at higher engine load, drawing cool compressed air into an engine via an air intake passage; at lower engine load, drawing ambient air into the engine via a duct while retaining cooled compressed air in the air intake passage; and releasing the compressed air from the air intake passage based on heat transferred to the compressed air during the lower engine load. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, estimating the heat transferred to the compressed air retained in the air intake passage based on ambient conditions including ambient temperature and humidity, the heat transferred is increased as the ambient temperature increases and/or as the ambient humidity decreases. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein retaining the cooled compressed air includes closing a throttle coupled downstream of an intake compressor in the air intake passage, and wherein the heat transferred is determined as a function of an initial temperature of the cooled compressed air and a duration elapsed since the closing of the throttle. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compressed air is released responsive to higher than threshold heat transfer while at the lower engine load. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, responsive to lower than threshold heat transfer while at the lower engine load, releasing the compressed air responsive to an increase in operator torque demand. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the air intake passage is coupled to the duct at a location upstream of an intake compressor. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein drawing cool compressed air at the higher engine load includes increasing an opening of a boost throttle coupled in the air intake passage to draw air via the intake compressor, and through a charge air cooler located downstream of the compressor, into the engine, and wherein retaining cooled compressed air in the air intake passage at the lower engine load includes not flowing air through the compressor and closing the boost throttle. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, decreasing the opening of an air throttle coupled in the duct at the higher engine load, the decreasing the opening of the air throttle based on the increasing the opening of the boost throttle. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein releasing the compressed air includes:
increasing the opening of the boost throttle while at the lower engine load; decreasing the opening of the air throttle based on the opening of the boost throttle; and retarding spark timing based on engine torque with the increased opening of the boost throttle relative to operator torque demand at the lower engine load. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein coolant is circulated through the charge air cooler while drawing cool compressed air into the engine via the air intake passage, and wherein coolant is not circulated through the charge air cooler while retaining the compressed air in the air intake passage. 11-20. (canceled) 21. A method for an engine, comprising:
at higher engine load, drawing compressed air into an intake manifold of an engine via an air intake passage; at lower engine load, drawing ambient air into the intake manifold of the engine via a duct while retaining the compressed air in the air intake passage; and adjusting an opening of a boost throttle coupled in the air intake passage to release the compressed air from the air intake passage into the intake manifold of the engine responsive to an amount of heat transferred to the compressed air during the lower engine load exceeding a threshold. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the opening of the boost throttle is further adjusted to release the compressed air from the air intake passage into the intake manifold responsive to a period of time that the compressed air has been retained in the air intake passage exceeding a time threshold. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the compressed air is cooled via a charge air cooler (CAC) prior to being drawn into the engine via the air intake passage. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the boost throttle is closed to retain the compressed air in the air intake passage. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein an air throttle is coupled in the duct, and wherein the air throttle is open when drawing ambient air into the intake manifold of the engine via the duct. 26. A method for an engine, comprising:
at lower engine load, storing cooled boost air in an intake passage while simultaneously flowing ambient air into an intake manifold of the engine via a duct; and then responsive to an inferred temperature of the stored cooled boost air exceeding a threshold temperature, decreasing an amount of the ambient air flowed into the intake manifold of the engine and flowing the stored cooled boost air to the intake manifold. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein a boost throttle coupled to the intake passage is opened to flow the stored cooled boost air to the intake manifold. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the boost throttle is further opened to flow the cooled boost air into the intake manifold responsive to a period of time that the cooled boost air has been stored in the air intake passage exceeding a time threshold. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein decreasing the amount of the ambient air flowed into the intake manifold of the engine includes adjusting a position of an air throttle coupled in the duct to a more closed position. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising, at higher engine load, drawing further cooled boost air directly into the intake manifold of the engine via the air intake passage. | 2,800 |
343,903 | 16,803,372 | 2,824 | The present invention relates to a flexible molded skin as part of a composite structure for an airbag cover, and to a composition for producing such a skin using slush molding. The composition and flexible molded skin have a thermoplastic plasticized vinyl polymer, and a tear promoting agent selected from the group of one or more particulate blowing agents, inorganic mineral materials, organic filler materials and microspheres or a mixture of two or more of the afore mentioned materials. The particles of the particulate tear promoting agent have an average particle size of between 0.005 and 50 μm, preferably between 0.005 and 40 μm. | 1. A composition for producing a flexible skin, wherein the composition comprises 30.0-50.0 wt. % of a plasticizer, 0.1 to 7.5 wt. % of particles of at least one tear promoting agent, 40.0-60.0 wt. % of one or more vinyl polymers, and 1.0-20.0 wt. % of the usual remaining additives. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent are selected from the group consisting of particulate blowing agents, inorganic mineral materials, organic filler materials and microspheres and mixtures of two or more thereof. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent have an average particle size from 0.005 to 50 μm. 4. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the amount of tear promoting agent is from 0.5 wt % to 5.0 wt %. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of tear promoting agent is from 1.0 wt % to 4.0 wt %. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent is an inorganic mineral material and the particles of the mineral tear promoting agent have an elongated shape. 7. The composition as claimed in claim 25, wherein an aspect ratio of the largest dimension of the particles of the tear promoting agent with respect to the smallest dimension of the particles is at least 5. 8. The composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein an aspect ratio of the largest dimension of the particles of the tear promoting agent with respect to the smallest dimension of the particles is at least 10. 9. The composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises one or more inorganic mineral materials selected from the group consisting of silicates, aluminosilicates, magnesium silicates, carbonates and any combinations thereof. 10. The composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the particles with an elongated shape have an aspect ratio of at least 5.0 and are present in an amount of from 0.5 wt % to 4.0 wt %. 11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises one or more inorganic materials with an aspect ratio of maximum 5.0 selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, chalk, calciumsulphate, barium sulphate and mixtures of two or more thereof and are present in an amount of at least 2.0 wt. %, and less than 7.5 wt. %. 12. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises one or more core shell materials having an aspect ratio of maximum 5.0, made of a first polymer of a soft rubber core, grafted with at least one second polymer of a different composition. 13. The composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the concentration of the core shell materials is at least 0.5 wt. %, and is maximum 7.5 wt %. 14. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises expandable microspheres, having a shell of an expandable thermoplastic material filled with a blowing agent and an aspect ration of maximum 5.0. 15. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vinyl polymer comprises polyvinylchloride, optionally having a K value of at least 50 and a maximum of 80. 16. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasticizer composition comprises a monomeric compound selected from the group consisting of azelates, trimellitates, sebacates, adipates, phthalates, citrates, benzoate s, tallates, glutarates, fumarates, maleates, oleates, palmitates and acetates. | The present invention relates to a flexible molded skin as part of a composite structure for an airbag cover, and to a composition for producing such a skin using slush molding. The composition and flexible molded skin have a thermoplastic plasticized vinyl polymer, and a tear promoting agent selected from the group of one or more particulate blowing agents, inorganic mineral materials, organic filler materials and microspheres or a mixture of two or more of the afore mentioned materials. The particles of the particulate tear promoting agent have an average particle size of between 0.005 and 50 μm, preferably between 0.005 and 40 μm.1. A composition for producing a flexible skin, wherein the composition comprises 30.0-50.0 wt. % of a plasticizer, 0.1 to 7.5 wt. % of particles of at least one tear promoting agent, 40.0-60.0 wt. % of one or more vinyl polymers, and 1.0-20.0 wt. % of the usual remaining additives. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent are selected from the group consisting of particulate blowing agents, inorganic mineral materials, organic filler materials and microspheres and mixtures of two or more thereof. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent have an average particle size from 0.005 to 50 μm. 4. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the amount of tear promoting agent is from 0.5 wt % to 5.0 wt %. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of tear promoting agent is from 1.0 wt % to 4.0 wt %. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent is an inorganic mineral material and the particles of the mineral tear promoting agent have an elongated shape. 7. The composition as claimed in claim 25, wherein an aspect ratio of the largest dimension of the particles of the tear promoting agent with respect to the smallest dimension of the particles is at least 5. 8. The composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein an aspect ratio of the largest dimension of the particles of the tear promoting agent with respect to the smallest dimension of the particles is at least 10. 9. The composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises one or more inorganic mineral materials selected from the group consisting of silicates, aluminosilicates, magnesium silicates, carbonates and any combinations thereof. 10. The composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the particles with an elongated shape have an aspect ratio of at least 5.0 and are present in an amount of from 0.5 wt % to 4.0 wt %. 11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises one or more inorganic materials with an aspect ratio of maximum 5.0 selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, chalk, calciumsulphate, barium sulphate and mixtures of two or more thereof and are present in an amount of at least 2.0 wt. %, and less than 7.5 wt. %. 12. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises one or more core shell materials having an aspect ratio of maximum 5.0, made of a first polymer of a soft rubber core, grafted with at least one second polymer of a different composition. 13. The composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the concentration of the core shell materials is at least 0.5 wt. %, and is maximum 7.5 wt %. 14. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent comprises expandable microspheres, having a shell of an expandable thermoplastic material filled with a blowing agent and an aspect ration of maximum 5.0. 15. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vinyl polymer comprises polyvinylchloride, optionally having a K value of at least 50 and a maximum of 80. 16. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasticizer composition comprises a monomeric compound selected from the group consisting of azelates, trimellitates, sebacates, adipates, phthalates, citrates, benzoate s, tallates, glutarates, fumarates, maleates, oleates, palmitates and acetates. | 2,800 |
343,904 | 16,803,340 | 2,824 | A method and a control panel are described for facilitating the control of a bathing unit system so that the bathing unit system is caused to transition between operating in accordance with a first operational mode to operating in accordance with a second operational mode. A control signal is generated in response to a unitary user input event performed by a user at a control panel of the bathing unit system, the control signal conveying an ambiance activation command associated with a specific ambience setting, the generation of the control signal comprising selecting the specific ambience setting from a set of ambience settings stored in a memory device. The control signal is then transmitted from the control panel to the controller over a communication link where it is processed to cause the bathing unit system to transition from being in the rest mode to operating in accordance with the specific ambience setting. The method and a control panel may allow simplifying the control of the bathing unit system in order to achieve a desired total effect by allowing a user to cause the bathing unit to operate in accordance with an ambience setting by way of a unitary user input event performed at the control panel. | 1. A method for causing a bathing unit system to transition from being in a rest mode to operating in accordance with an ambience setting, the bathing unit system including a set of bathing unit components and a controller for operating the set of bathing unit components, said method comprising:
a) providing a user operable actuator for generating a control signal in response to a unitary user input event performed by a user, the control signal conveying an ambiance activation command associated with a specific ambience setting, the generation of the control signal comprising selecting the specific ambience setting from a set of ambience settings stored in a memory device, wherein the set of ambience settings includes two or more ambience settings and wherein the selecting of the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device is performed based on criteria independent from information provided by the unitary user input event through the user operable actuator; b) processing the control signal conveying the ambiance activation command to cause the controller to transition from operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the rest mode to operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the specific ambience setting. 2. (canceled) 3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the bathing unit system includes a control panel in communication with the controller and wherein the control panel includes the user operable actuator. 4. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes a specific movement performed by the user and wherein the user operable actuator includes a movement detection module responsive to the specific movement performed by the user to generate the control signal. 5. A method as defined claim 3, wherein said method comprises providing a menu driven interface on the control panel for allowing the user to provide user selection information to control operational settings of the bathing unit system by navigating through the menu driven interface, said user operable actuator being responsive to the unitary user input event for generating the control signal absent navigation through the menu driven interface provided on the control panel. 6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to an ambience setting in the set of ambience settings most recently used to operate the bathing unit system. 7. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to a default ambience setting. 8. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein at least some ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated to respective time periods and wherein said method comprises processing information associated with current timing information to select the specific ambience setting from the set of set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part based on the current timing information. 9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes a manual user input event, the user operable actuator including a mechanically operated actuator responsive to the manual user input event performed by the user to generate the control signal. 10. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes an auditory user input event, said user operable actuator including a microphone responsive to sound waves associated with the auditory user input event to generate the control signal. 11. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said method comprises receiving user identification information and selecting the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part by processing the user identification information. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. A method as defined claim 3, wherein the control panel includes a display screen and wherein said method further comprises causing the display screen to display information in response to the unitary user input event performed by the user, the displayed information conveying the specific ambiance setting selected. 15. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific ambience setting is characterized by at least:
a) a first operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of first type; and b) a second operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of a second type. 16. A method as defined in claim 15, wherein the controller is caused to transition from operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the rest mode to operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the specific ambience setting at least in part by:
a) the controller operating a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component the first type of according to the first operational setting; and b) the controller operating a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component the second type of according to the second operational setting. 17. A topside control panel for a bathing unit system, said topside control panel comprising:
a) a housing; b) a user operable actuator positioned on the housing; c) a circuit board assembly positioned in the housing, the circuit board assembly being electrically coupled to the user operable actuator, said circuit board including:
i) a memory device storing a set of ambience settings; and
ii) a processor in communication with said memory device, said processor being programmed for:
1) generating a control signal in response to a unitary user tactile input event performed by a user through the user operable actuator, the control signal conveying an ambiance activation command associated with a specific ambience setting, the generation of the control signal comprising selecting the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device, wherein the set of ambience settings includes two or more ambience settings and wherein the selecting of the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device is performed based on criteria independent from information provided by the unitary user input event through the user operable actuator;
2) transmitting the control signal to a controller associated with the bathing unit system for causing the bathing unit system to transition from being in the rest mode to operating in accordance with the specific ambience setting. 18. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes a specific movement performed by the user, said user operable actuator including a movement detection module responsive to the specific movement performed by the user to generate the control signal. 19. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes an auditory user input event, said user operable actuator including a microphone responsive to sound waves made by the user to generate the control signal. 20. (canceled) 21. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the control panel is configured to provide a menu driven interface for allowing the user to provide user selection information to control operational settings of the bathing unit system by navigating through the menu driven interface, said user operable actuator being operable by the user to perform the unitary user input event absent navigation through the menu driven interface provided on the control panel. 22. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to an ambience setting in the set of ambience settings most recently used to operate the bathing unit system. 23. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to a default ambience setting. 24. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein at least some ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated to respective time periods and wherein said processor is programmed for processing information associated with current timing information to select the specific ambience setting from the set of set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part based on the current timing information. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein one or more ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated with respective user identifiers and wherein said processor is programmed for:
a) receiving a user identification signal conveying a specific user identification information element; and b) selecting the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part by processing the specific user identification information element. 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. A topside control panel as defined in claim 26, wherein one or more ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated with respective user identifiers, and wherein said memory device includes a memory component responsive to a user identification signal carrying user identification information received over a wireless communication link from an auxiliary device external to the topside control panel for causing a user preference update process to be performed at said topside control panel. 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the control panel comprises a display screen in communication with said circuit board assembly, said processor being programmed for causing the display screen to display information in response to the unitary user input event performed by the user, the displayed information conveying the specific ambiance setting. 35. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the specific ambience setting is characterized by at least:
a) a first operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of a first type; and b) a second operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of a second type. 36. A topside control panel as defined in claim 35, wherein the control signal is configured for causing the bathing unit system to transition from being in the rest mode to operating in accordance with the specific ambience setting at least in part by:
a) causing the controller associated with the bathing unit system to operate a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component of the first type according to the first operational setting; and b) causing the controller associated with the bathing unit system to operate a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component of the second type according to the second operational setting. 37. A bathing unit system comprising:
a) a receptacle for holding water; b) a plurality of bathing unit components including at least a circulation pump and a heater; c) a controller for controlling operational settings associated with the bathing unit components; and d) a topside control panel as defined in claim 17, the topside control panel being in communication with the controller for allowing a user of the bathing unit system to control and/or monitor operational settings of at least some of the bathing unit components in the bathing unit system. 38. A bathing unit system according to claim 37, wherein the receptacle for holding water includes a peripheral wall and wherein the control panel is positioned on an upper portion of the peripheral wall. 39.-41. (canceled) | A method and a control panel are described for facilitating the control of a bathing unit system so that the bathing unit system is caused to transition between operating in accordance with a first operational mode to operating in accordance with a second operational mode. A control signal is generated in response to a unitary user input event performed by a user at a control panel of the bathing unit system, the control signal conveying an ambiance activation command associated with a specific ambience setting, the generation of the control signal comprising selecting the specific ambience setting from a set of ambience settings stored in a memory device. The control signal is then transmitted from the control panel to the controller over a communication link where it is processed to cause the bathing unit system to transition from being in the rest mode to operating in accordance with the specific ambience setting. The method and a control panel may allow simplifying the control of the bathing unit system in order to achieve a desired total effect by allowing a user to cause the bathing unit to operate in accordance with an ambience setting by way of a unitary user input event performed at the control panel.1. A method for causing a bathing unit system to transition from being in a rest mode to operating in accordance with an ambience setting, the bathing unit system including a set of bathing unit components and a controller for operating the set of bathing unit components, said method comprising:
a) providing a user operable actuator for generating a control signal in response to a unitary user input event performed by a user, the control signal conveying an ambiance activation command associated with a specific ambience setting, the generation of the control signal comprising selecting the specific ambience setting from a set of ambience settings stored in a memory device, wherein the set of ambience settings includes two or more ambience settings and wherein the selecting of the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device is performed based on criteria independent from information provided by the unitary user input event through the user operable actuator; b) processing the control signal conveying the ambiance activation command to cause the controller to transition from operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the rest mode to operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the specific ambience setting. 2. (canceled) 3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the bathing unit system includes a control panel in communication with the controller and wherein the control panel includes the user operable actuator. 4. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes a specific movement performed by the user and wherein the user operable actuator includes a movement detection module responsive to the specific movement performed by the user to generate the control signal. 5. A method as defined claim 3, wherein said method comprises providing a menu driven interface on the control panel for allowing the user to provide user selection information to control operational settings of the bathing unit system by navigating through the menu driven interface, said user operable actuator being responsive to the unitary user input event for generating the control signal absent navigation through the menu driven interface provided on the control panel. 6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to an ambience setting in the set of ambience settings most recently used to operate the bathing unit system. 7. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to a default ambience setting. 8. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein at least some ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated to respective time periods and wherein said method comprises processing information associated with current timing information to select the specific ambience setting from the set of set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part based on the current timing information. 9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes a manual user input event, the user operable actuator including a mechanically operated actuator responsive to the manual user input event performed by the user to generate the control signal. 10. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes an auditory user input event, said user operable actuator including a microphone responsive to sound waves associated with the auditory user input event to generate the control signal. 11. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said method comprises receiving user identification information and selecting the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part by processing the user identification information. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. A method as defined claim 3, wherein the control panel includes a display screen and wherein said method further comprises causing the display screen to display information in response to the unitary user input event performed by the user, the displayed information conveying the specific ambiance setting selected. 15. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific ambience setting is characterized by at least:
a) a first operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of first type; and b) a second operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of a second type. 16. A method as defined in claim 15, wherein the controller is caused to transition from operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the rest mode to operating the bathing unit system in accordance with the specific ambience setting at least in part by:
a) the controller operating a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component the first type of according to the first operational setting; and b) the controller operating a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component the second type of according to the second operational setting. 17. A topside control panel for a bathing unit system, said topside control panel comprising:
a) a housing; b) a user operable actuator positioned on the housing; c) a circuit board assembly positioned in the housing, the circuit board assembly being electrically coupled to the user operable actuator, said circuit board including:
i) a memory device storing a set of ambience settings; and
ii) a processor in communication with said memory device, said processor being programmed for:
1) generating a control signal in response to a unitary user tactile input event performed by a user through the user operable actuator, the control signal conveying an ambiance activation command associated with a specific ambience setting, the generation of the control signal comprising selecting the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device, wherein the set of ambience settings includes two or more ambience settings and wherein the selecting of the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device is performed based on criteria independent from information provided by the unitary user input event through the user operable actuator;
2) transmitting the control signal to a controller associated with the bathing unit system for causing the bathing unit system to transition from being in the rest mode to operating in accordance with the specific ambience setting. 18. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes a specific movement performed by the user, said user operable actuator including a movement detection module responsive to the specific movement performed by the user to generate the control signal. 19. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the unitary user input event performed by the user includes an auditory user input event, said user operable actuator including a microphone responsive to sound waves made by the user to generate the control signal. 20. (canceled) 21. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the control panel is configured to provide a menu driven interface for allowing the user to provide user selection information to control operational settings of the bathing unit system by navigating through the menu driven interface, said user operable actuator being operable by the user to perform the unitary user input event absent navigation through the menu driven interface provided on the control panel. 22. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to an ambience setting in the set of ambience settings most recently used to operate the bathing unit system. 23. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the specific ambience setting selected from the set of ambience settings corresponds to a default ambience setting. 24. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein at least some ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated to respective time periods and wherein said processor is programmed for processing information associated with current timing information to select the specific ambience setting from the set of set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part based on the current timing information. 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein one or more ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated with respective user identifiers and wherein said processor is programmed for:
a) receiving a user identification signal conveying a specific user identification information element; and b) selecting the specific ambience setting from the set of ambience settings stored in the memory device at least in part by processing the specific user identification information element. 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. A topside control panel as defined in claim 26, wherein one or more ambience settings in the set of ambience settings are associated with respective user identifiers, and wherein said memory device includes a memory component responsive to a user identification signal carrying user identification information received over a wireless communication link from an auxiliary device external to the topside control panel for causing a user preference update process to be performed at said topside control panel. 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the control panel comprises a display screen in communication with said circuit board assembly, said processor being programmed for causing the display screen to display information in response to the unitary user input event performed by the user, the displayed information conveying the specific ambiance setting. 35. A topside control panel as defined in claim 17, wherein the specific ambience setting is characterized by at least:
a) a first operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of a first type; and b) a second operational setting for at least one bathing unit component of a second type. 36. A topside control panel as defined in claim 35, wherein the control signal is configured for causing the bathing unit system to transition from being in the rest mode to operating in accordance with the specific ambience setting at least in part by:
a) causing the controller associated with the bathing unit system to operate a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component of the first type according to the first operational setting; and b) causing the controller associated with the bathing unit system to operate a corresponding one of the at least one bathing unit component of the second type according to the second operational setting. 37. A bathing unit system comprising:
a) a receptacle for holding water; b) a plurality of bathing unit components including at least a circulation pump and a heater; c) a controller for controlling operational settings associated with the bathing unit components; and d) a topside control panel as defined in claim 17, the topside control panel being in communication with the controller for allowing a user of the bathing unit system to control and/or monitor operational settings of at least some of the bathing unit components in the bathing unit system. 38. A bathing unit system according to claim 37, wherein the receptacle for holding water includes a peripheral wall and wherein the control panel is positioned on an upper portion of the peripheral wall. 39.-41. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,905 | 16,803,289 | 2,824 | Computer-implemented methods, systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers are provided. One computer implemented method includes: determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication and includes one or more consecutive data blocks. For each ledger, determining ledger information corresponding to the ledger and including a plurality of items, such as: an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger. The ledger information is sent to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items. A time certificate, including a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the time authentication agency is received from the time authentication agency. | 1. A computer-implemented method for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers, comprising:
determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication, wherein the at least one ledger includes one or more consecutive data blocks; and for each of the at least one ledger:
determining, ledger information corresponding to the ledger, wherein the ledger information includes a plurality of items including an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger;
sending the ledger information to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items; and
receiving a time certificate from the trusted time authentication agency, wherein the time certificate includes a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the trusted time authentication agency. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger are generated by performing operations comprising:
receiving data records to be stored; determining that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the ledger that further includes one or more predetermined hash values and has a predetermined block-height. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of the ledger, the data block further includes a hash value generated based on the at least a portion of the data records and a hash value of an immediately preceding data block, and a time the data block is generated, and wherein a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of the immediately preceding data block. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of items included in the ledger information has a predetermined quantity limit or size limit. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one ledger is determined based on a registration list, and the registration list includes ledger identifications corresponding to ledgers that are registered to be time authenticated. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the registration list further includes times when corresponding ledgers are registered to be time authenticated, and the at least one ledger is registered within a predetermined time interval. 9. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers, comprising:
determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication, wherein the at least one ledger includes one or more consecutive data blocks; and
for each of the at least one ledger:
determining, ledger information corresponding to the ledger, wherein the ledger information includes a plurality of items including an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger;
sending the ledger information to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items; and
receiving a time certificate from the trusted time authentication agency, wherein the time certificate includes a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the trusted time authentication agency. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger are generated by performing operations comprising:
receiving data records to be stored; determining that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the ledger that further includes one or more predetermined hash values and has a predetermined block-height. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of the ledger, the data block further includes a hash value generated based on the at least a portion of the data records and a hash value of an immediately preceding data block, and a time the data block is generated, and wherein a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of the immediately preceding data block. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of items included in the ledger information has a predetermined quantity limit or size limit. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the at least one ledger is determined based on a registration list, and the registration list includes ledger identifications corresponding to ledgers that are registered to be time authenticated. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the registration list further includes times when corresponding ledgers are registered to be time authenticated, and the at least one ledger is registered within a predetermined time interval. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers, comprising:
determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication, wherein the at least one ledger includes one or more consecutive data blocks; and for each of the at least one ledger:
determining, ledger information corresponding to the ledger, wherein the ledger information includes a plurality of items including an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger;
sending the ledger information to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items; and
receiving a time certificate from the trusted time authentication agency, wherein the time certificate includes a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the trusted time authentication agency. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger are generated by performing operations comprising:
receiving data records to be stored; determining that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the ledger that further includes one or more predetermined hash values and has a predetermined block-height. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of the ledger, the data block further includes a hash value generated based on the at least a portion of the data records and a hash value of an immediately preceding data block, and a time the data block is generated, and wherein a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of the immediately preceding data block. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 22. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of items included in the ledger information has a predetermined quantity limit or size limit. 23. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the at least one ledger is determined based on a registration list, and the registration list includes ledger identifications corresponding to ledgers that are registered to be time authenticated. 24. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the registration list further includes times when corresponding ledgers are registered to be time authenticated, and the at least one ledger is registered within a predetermined time interval. | Computer-implemented methods, systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers are provided. One computer implemented method includes: determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication and includes one or more consecutive data blocks. For each ledger, determining ledger information corresponding to the ledger and including a plurality of items, such as: an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger. The ledger information is sent to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items. A time certificate, including a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the time authentication agency is received from the time authentication agency.1. A computer-implemented method for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers, comprising:
determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication, wherein the at least one ledger includes one or more consecutive data blocks; and for each of the at least one ledger:
determining, ledger information corresponding to the ledger, wherein the ledger information includes a plurality of items including an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger;
sending the ledger information to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items; and
receiving a time certificate from the trusted time authentication agency, wherein the time certificate includes a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the trusted time authentication agency. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger are generated by performing operations comprising:
receiving data records to be stored; determining that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the ledger that further includes one or more predetermined hash values and has a predetermined block-height. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of the ledger, the data block further includes a hash value generated based on the at least a portion of the data records and a hash value of an immediately preceding data block, and a time the data block is generated, and wherein a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of the immediately preceding data block. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of items included in the ledger information has a predetermined quantity limit or size limit. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one ledger is determined based on a registration list, and the registration list includes ledger identifications corresponding to ledgers that are registered to be time authenticated. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the registration list further includes times when corresponding ledgers are registered to be time authenticated, and the at least one ledger is registered within a predetermined time interval. 9. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers, comprising:
determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication, wherein the at least one ledger includes one or more consecutive data blocks; and
for each of the at least one ledger:
determining, ledger information corresponding to the ledger, wherein the ledger information includes a plurality of items including an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger;
sending the ledger information to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items; and
receiving a time certificate from the trusted time authentication agency, wherein the time certificate includes a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the trusted time authentication agency. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger are generated by performing operations comprising:
receiving data records to be stored; determining that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the ledger that further includes one or more predetermined hash values and has a predetermined block-height. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of the ledger, the data block further includes a hash value generated based on the at least a portion of the data records and a hash value of an immediately preceding data block, and a time the data block is generated, and wherein a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of the immediately preceding data block. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of items included in the ledger information has a predetermined quantity limit or size limit. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the at least one ledger is determined based on a registration list, and the registration list includes ledger identifications corresponding to ledgers that are registered to be time authenticated. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the registration list further includes times when corresponding ledgers are registered to be time authenticated, and the at least one ledger is registered within a predetermined time interval. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for server-based time authentication of blockchain-type ledgers, comprising:
determining at least one ledger that needs time authentication, wherein the at least one ledger includes one or more consecutive data blocks; and for each of the at least one ledger:
determining, ledger information corresponding to the ledger, wherein the ledger information includes a plurality of items including an identifier of the ledger, a block height of a starting block of the ledger, a block height of an ending block of the ledger, and a root hash of a Merkle tree formed by the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger;
sending the ledger information to a trusted time authentication agency for time authentication on each of the plurality of items; and
receiving a time certificate from the trusted time authentication agency, wherein the time certificate includes a timestamp, the ledger information, and a digital signature of the trusted time authentication agency. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more consecutive data blocks in the ledger are generated by performing operations comprising:
receiving data records to be stored; determining that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the ledger that further includes one or more predetermined hash values and has a predetermined block-height. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of the ledger, the data block further includes a hash value generated based on the at least a portion of the data records and a hash value of an immediately preceding data block, and a time the data block is generated, and wherein a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of the immediately preceding data block. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 22. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of items included in the ledger information has a predetermined quantity limit or size limit. 23. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the at least one ledger is determined based on a registration list, and the registration list includes ledger identifications corresponding to ledgers that are registered to be time authenticated. 24. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the registration list further includes times when corresponding ledgers are registered to be time authenticated, and the at least one ledger is registered within a predetermined time interval. | 2,800 |
343,906 | 16,803,361 | 3,729 | A coreless package substrate with dual side solder resist layers is disclosed. The coreless package substrate has a top side and a bottom side opposite of the top side and includes a single build-up structure formed of at least one insulating layer, at least one via, and at least one conductive layer. The coreless package substrate also includes a bottom plurality of contact pads on the bottom side, and a top plurality of contact pads on the top side. A bottom solder resist layer is on the bottom side, and a top solder resist layer is on the top side. The concept of dual side solder resist is extended to packages with interconnect bridge with C4 interconnection pitch over a wide range. | 1. A method of forming a package substrate, comprising:
providing a temporary substrate; forming a first plurality of contact pads on a top surface of the temporary substrate; forming at least one insulating layer and at least one conductive layer on the first plurality of contact pads, wherein a top conductive layer forms a second plurality of contact pads on a top surface of a topmost insulating layer; forming a first layer of solder resist on the top surface of the topmost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the second plurality of contact pads; removing the temporary substrate to expose a bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer; temporarily flattening the intermediate structure; and forming a second layer of solder resist on the bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the first plurality of contact pads. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first plurality of contact pads comprises:
forming a patterned dry film resist layer on top of the temporary substrate; depositing a conductive layer on the patterned dry film resist and on a top surface of the temporary substrate; and removing the patterned dry film resist layer along with portions of the conductive layer disposed on top of the patterned dry film resist layer such that left over portions of the conductive layer remain to form the first plurality of contact pads. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein temporary flattening the intermediate structure comprises inverting the intermediate structure and placing the intermediate structure on a vacuum fixture. 4. A method of forming surface finishes on a package structure, comprising:
providing a coreless package substrate having a first side and a second side opposite of the first side, the coreless package substrate comprising a single build-up structure comprising at least one insulating layer, at least one via, and at least one conductive layer, a first plurality of contact pads on the first side, and a second plurality of contact pads on the second side, a first solder resist layer on the first side, and a second solder resist layer on the second side; forming a first protection layer on the first side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a bottom surface finish on the second plurality of contact pads, the bottom surface finish having a first thickness; removing the first protection layer from the first side of the coreless package substrate to expose one or more contact pads disposed on the first side; forming a second protection layer on the second side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a top surface finish on the first plurality of contact pads, the top surface finish having a second thickness different than the first thickness; and removing the second protection layer from the second side of the coreless package substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one of the bottom surface finish and the top surface finish extends above a top surface of the first solder resist layer and the second solder resist layer, respectively. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein depositing a bottom surface finish and a top surface finish comprises depositing a first conductive material and a second conductive material directly on the first conductive material. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein depositing the first and second conductive materials comprise electroless plating. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the second thickness is a magnitude of three to four times a thickness of the first thickness. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads. 12. The method of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch. 13. A method of forming a system, comprising:
providing a temporary substrate; forming a first plurality of contact pads on a top surface of the temporary substrate; forming at least one insulating layer and at least one conductive layer on the first plurality of contact pads, wherein a top conductive layer forms a second plurality of contact pads on a top surface of a topmost insulating layer; forming a first layer of solder resist on the top surface of the topmost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the second plurality of contact pads; removing the temporary substrate to expose a bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer; temporarily flattening the intermediate structure; forming a second layer of solder resist on the bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the first plurality of contact pads; and subsequent to forming both the first layer of solder resist and the second layer of solder resist, coupling one of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a component having differing contact pitch, and coupling the other of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a fine-pitch component and to a board. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein forming the first plurality of contact pads comprises:
forming a patterned dry film resist layer on top of the temporary substrate; depositing a conductive layer on the patterned dry film resist and on a top surface of the temporary substrate; and removing the patterned dry film resist layer along with portions of the conductive layer disposed on top of the patterned dry film resist layer such that left over portions of the conductive layer remain to form the first plurality of contact pads. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein temporary flattening the intermediate structure comprises inverting the intermediate structure and placing the intermediate structure on a vacuum fixture. 16. A method of forming a system, comprising:
providing a coreless package substrate having a first side and a second side opposite of the first side, the coreless package substrate comprising a single build-up structure comprising at least one insulating layer, at least one via, and at least one conductive layer, a first plurality of contact pads on the first side, and a second plurality of contact pads on the second side, a first solder resist layer on the first side, and a second solder resist layer on the second side; forming a first protection layer on the first side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a bottom surface finish on the second plurality of contact pads, the bottom surface finish having a first thickness; removing the first protection layer from the first side of the coreless package substrate to expose one or more contact pads disposed on the first side; forming a second protection layer on the second side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a top surface finish on the first plurality of contact pads, the top surface finish having a second thickness different than the first thickness; removing the second protection layer from the second side of the coreless package substrate; and subsequent to removing the second protection layer from the second side of the coreless package substrate, coupling one of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a component having differing contact pitch, and coupling the other of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a fine-pitch component and to a board. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the bottom surface finish and the top surface finish extends above a top surface of the first solder resist layer and the second solder resist layer, respectively. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein depositing a bottom surface finish and a top surface finish comprises depositing a first conductive material and a second conductive material directly on the first conductive material. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein depositing the first and second conductive materials comprise electroless plating. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the second thickness is a magnitude of three to four times a thickness of the first thickness. | A coreless package substrate with dual side solder resist layers is disclosed. The coreless package substrate has a top side and a bottom side opposite of the top side and includes a single build-up structure formed of at least one insulating layer, at least one via, and at least one conductive layer. The coreless package substrate also includes a bottom plurality of contact pads on the bottom side, and a top plurality of contact pads on the top side. A bottom solder resist layer is on the bottom side, and a top solder resist layer is on the top side. The concept of dual side solder resist is extended to packages with interconnect bridge with C4 interconnection pitch over a wide range.1. A method of forming a package substrate, comprising:
providing a temporary substrate; forming a first plurality of contact pads on a top surface of the temporary substrate; forming at least one insulating layer and at least one conductive layer on the first plurality of contact pads, wherein a top conductive layer forms a second plurality of contact pads on a top surface of a topmost insulating layer; forming a first layer of solder resist on the top surface of the topmost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the second plurality of contact pads; removing the temporary substrate to expose a bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer; temporarily flattening the intermediate structure; and forming a second layer of solder resist on the bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the first plurality of contact pads. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first plurality of contact pads comprises:
forming a patterned dry film resist layer on top of the temporary substrate; depositing a conductive layer on the patterned dry film resist and on a top surface of the temporary substrate; and removing the patterned dry film resist layer along with portions of the conductive layer disposed on top of the patterned dry film resist layer such that left over portions of the conductive layer remain to form the first plurality of contact pads. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein temporary flattening the intermediate structure comprises inverting the intermediate structure and placing the intermediate structure on a vacuum fixture. 4. A method of forming surface finishes on a package structure, comprising:
providing a coreless package substrate having a first side and a second side opposite of the first side, the coreless package substrate comprising a single build-up structure comprising at least one insulating layer, at least one via, and at least one conductive layer, a first plurality of contact pads on the first side, and a second plurality of contact pads on the second side, a first solder resist layer on the first side, and a second solder resist layer on the second side; forming a first protection layer on the first side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a bottom surface finish on the second plurality of contact pads, the bottom surface finish having a first thickness; removing the first protection layer from the first side of the coreless package substrate to expose one or more contact pads disposed on the first side; forming a second protection layer on the second side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a top surface finish on the first plurality of contact pads, the top surface finish having a second thickness different than the first thickness; and removing the second protection layer from the second side of the coreless package substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one of the bottom surface finish and the top surface finish extends above a top surface of the first solder resist layer and the second solder resist layer, respectively. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein depositing a bottom surface finish and a top surface finish comprises depositing a first conductive material and a second conductive material directly on the first conductive material. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein depositing the first and second conductive materials comprise electroless plating. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the second thickness is a magnitude of three to four times a thickness of the first thickness. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has both wide and narrow contact pads. 12. The method of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch, and wherein the second plurality of contact pads has first pads having a first pitch and second pads having a second pitch different than the first pitch. 13. A method of forming a system, comprising:
providing a temporary substrate; forming a first plurality of contact pads on a top surface of the temporary substrate; forming at least one insulating layer and at least one conductive layer on the first plurality of contact pads, wherein a top conductive layer forms a second plurality of contact pads on a top surface of a topmost insulating layer; forming a first layer of solder resist on the top surface of the topmost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the second plurality of contact pads; removing the temporary substrate to expose a bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer; temporarily flattening the intermediate structure; forming a second layer of solder resist on the bottom surface of the bottommost insulating layer, exposing at least a portion of the first plurality of contact pads; and subsequent to forming both the first layer of solder resist and the second layer of solder resist, coupling one of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a component having differing contact pitch, and coupling the other of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a fine-pitch component and to a board. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein forming the first plurality of contact pads comprises:
forming a patterned dry film resist layer on top of the temporary substrate; depositing a conductive layer on the patterned dry film resist and on a top surface of the temporary substrate; and removing the patterned dry film resist layer along with portions of the conductive layer disposed on top of the patterned dry film resist layer such that left over portions of the conductive layer remain to form the first plurality of contact pads. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein temporary flattening the intermediate structure comprises inverting the intermediate structure and placing the intermediate structure on a vacuum fixture. 16. A method of forming a system, comprising:
providing a coreless package substrate having a first side and a second side opposite of the first side, the coreless package substrate comprising a single build-up structure comprising at least one insulating layer, at least one via, and at least one conductive layer, a first plurality of contact pads on the first side, and a second plurality of contact pads on the second side, a first solder resist layer on the first side, and a second solder resist layer on the second side; forming a first protection layer on the first side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a bottom surface finish on the second plurality of contact pads, the bottom surface finish having a first thickness; removing the first protection layer from the first side of the coreless package substrate to expose one or more contact pads disposed on the first side; forming a second protection layer on the second side of the coreless package substrate and depositing a top surface finish on the first plurality of contact pads, the top surface finish having a second thickness different than the first thickness; removing the second protection layer from the second side of the coreless package substrate; and subsequent to removing the second protection layer from the second side of the coreless package substrate, coupling one of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a component having differing contact pitch, and coupling the other of the first plurality of contact pads or the second plurality of contact pads to a fine-pitch component and to a board. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the bottom surface finish and the top surface finish extends above a top surface of the first solder resist layer and the second solder resist layer, respectively. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein depositing a bottom surface finish and a top surface finish comprises depositing a first conductive material and a second conductive material directly on the first conductive material. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein depositing the first and second conductive materials comprise electroless plating. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the second thickness is a magnitude of three to four times a thickness of the first thickness. | 3,700 |
343,907 | 16,803,365 | 3,729 | A scoring device includes an elongate shaft, a balloon disposed on a far side of the shaft and inflatable radially of the shaft by a fluid flowing into the balloon, at least one storage tube disposed along an outer surface of the balloon and having a storage lumen defined therein, and an elongate scoring wire storable in the storage tube and made of a harder material than the balloon. The storage tube is fixed to the balloon or the shaft and has an opening portion defined therein that provides fluid communication between outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the storage tube along the storage lumen when the balloon is inflated, and the scoring wire is movable in the storage lumen along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube. | 1. A scoring device comprising:
an elongate shaft possessing a far-side and a near-side; a balloon disposed on the far-side of the shaft and inflatable radially of the shaft by a fluid introduced into the balloon, the balloon possessing a near-side and a far-side at opposite ends of the balloon; at least one storage tube disposed along an outer surface of the balloon, and a storage lumen defined in the at least one storage tube; an elongate scoring wire storable in the storage tube and made of a material harder than the balloon; the storage tube being fixed to the balloon or the shaft and including an opening portion that provides fluid communication between outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the storage tube along the storage lumen when the balloon is inflated; and the scoring wire being movable in the storage lumen along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube. 2. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube extends on a near side of the near-side of the balloon, the storage tube including an insertion port in a near-side portion of the storage tube, the storage lumen being open through the insertion port. 3. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube possesses a lower flexural rigidity than the scoring wire. 4. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube includes a first fixed portion fixed to either the far-side portion of the balloon or a portion of the shaft that lies on a far side of the far-side of the balloon. 5. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube possesses a lower flexural rigidity than the balloon. 6. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the opening portion is open radially outwardly of the shaft. 7. The scoring device according to claim 6, wherein storage tube includes a portion positioned opposite the opening portion in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the storage tube, the portion being configured to induce pliable deformation of the storage tube. 8. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the scoring wire includes a scoring element and a manipulating wire extending toward a near-side from the scoring element, the scoring element including an edge defined as a corner of the scoring element in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the scoring wire, the scoring element being positioned at a far-side end of the manipulating wire so the manipulating wire extends toward a near-side from the scoring element. 9. The scoring device according to claim 2, wherein the scoring wire includes a stepped surface facing in a near side direction, the stepped surface being located at a far-side end of the manipulating wire and a near-side end of the scoring element at which the manipulating wire meets the scoring element, and
the storage tube or the shaft including a first stopper disposed near the insertion port and possessing a limiting surface facing in a far-side direction and configured to contact the stepped surface when the scoring element is positioned on the far-side of the first stopper and the scoring wire is moved in the near-side direction. 10. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the scoring wire includes a groove or a protrusion extending along a longitudinal axis of the scoring wire, and
the storage tube includes a stopper configured as either a projecting member that extends along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to be positioned in the groove or a recess that extends along the longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to receive the protrusion. 11. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the balloon includes a plurality of pleats coiled circumferentially around the shaft, the storage tube being disposed between adjacent ones of the pleats. 12. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube includes a stopper on a far-side portion of the storage tube for closing the storage lumen or for restraining the scoring wire in the storage lumen from moving toward a far side. 13. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube is separate from an inflatable portion of the balloon. 14. A treatment method comprising:
inserting a balloon into a living body lumen until the balloon reaches a lesion area in the living body lumen, the balloon including at least one storage tube on an outer surface of the balloon; inflating the balloon; deflating the balloon; placing an elongate scoring wire made of a material that is harder than the balloon in a portion of the storage tube that is on the outer surface of the balloon; inflating the balloon to apply an outwardly directed force to the scoring wire to cause the scoring wire to score at least a portion of the lesion area; and dilating the lesion area with the inflated balloon. 15. The treatment method according to claim 14, wherein the inflating of the balloon to apply the outwardly directed force to the scoring wire outwardly moves the scoring wire so that a portion of the scoring wire extends outwardly beyond an outer periphery of the storage tube, the portion of the scoring wire being positioned inwardly of the outer periphery of the storage tube before the inflating of the balloon to apply the outwardly directed force to the scoring wire. 16. The treatment method according to claim 14, wherein the scoring wire includes a manipulating wire and a scoring element fixed at a far-side portion of the manipulating wire, the placing of the elongate scoring wire in the portion of the storage tube includes inserting a far-side portion of the scoring wire into an opening at a near-side of the storage tube, and moving the scoring wire in a far-side direction by pushing the manipulating wire to position the scoring element at a position in alignment with an opening portion in the storage tube, the inflating of the balloon to apply the outwardly directed force to the scoring wire causing the scoring element to pass through the opening portion of the storage tube and score at least the portion of the lesion area. 17. A scoring device configured to score a lesion in a lumen in a living body, the scoring device comprising:
an elongate shaft possessing a far-side and a near-side; a longitudinally extending inflatable balloon disposed on the far-side of the shaft, and a lumen in communication with an interior of the balloon to introduce fluid into the interior of the balloon to inflate the balloon radially outwardly, the balloon possessing a near-side and a far-side at opposite ends of the balloon, the balloon possessing an outer surface; a longitudinally extending storage tube disposed on the outer surface of the balloon and extending along a longitudinal extent of the balloon so that inflation of the balloon causes the storage tube to move radially outwardly, the storage tube possessing a near-side end that is open and that communicates with a storage lumen extending toward a far-side of the storage tube, the storage tube being fixed relative to the balloon in a far-side direction and near-side direction, inflation of the balloon causing the storage tube to move outwardly away from the shaft; an elongate scoring wire configured to be introduced into the storage lumen by way of the open near-side end and moved along the storage lumen in the far-side direction, the elongate scoring wire including a manipulating wire and a scoring element, the scoring element being fixed to a far-side end of the manipulating wire so that movement of the manipulating wire by an operator moves the scoring element, the scoring element being made of a material possessing greater hardness than the balloon; and the storage tube including an opening portion through which the scoring element passes when the balloon is inflated and the storage tube moves radially outwardly so that the scoring element is positioned to score the lesion in the lumen of the living body, the opening portion providing fluid communication between outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the storage tube along the storage lumen when the balloon is inflated. 18. The scoring device according to claim 17, wherein the scoring wire includes a stepped surface facing in the near-side direction, the stepped surface being located at the far-side end of the manipulating wire and a near-side end of the scoring element at which the manipulating wire meets the scoring element, and including a stopper possessing a limiting surface facing in the far-side direction and configured to contact the stepped surface when the scoring element is positioned on the far-side of the stopper and the scoring wire is moved in the near-side direction. 19. The scoring device according to claim 17, wherein the scoring element includes a groove or a protrusion extending along a longitudinal axis of the scoring wire, and the storage tube includes a stopper configured as either a projecting member that extends along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to be positioned in the groove or a recess that extends along the longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to receive the protrusion. 20. The scoring device according to claim 17, wherein storage tube is a first storage tube, and further comprising a longitudinally extending second storage tube disposed on the outer surface of the balloon at a position circumferentially spaced from the first storage tube, the second storage tube extending along the longitudinal extent of the balloon so that inflation of the balloon causes the second storage tube to move radially outwardly, the second storage tube possessing a near-side end that is open and that communicates with a storage lumen extending toward a far-side of the second storage tube, the second storage tube being fixed relative to the balloon in the far-side direction and near-side direction, inflation of the balloon causing the second storage tube to move outwardly away from the shaft; and
the scoring wire being a first scoring wire, and further comprising a second scoring wire configured to be introduced into the second storage lumen by way of the open near-side end in the second storage tube, the second scoring wire including a manipulating wire and a scoring element. | A scoring device includes an elongate shaft, a balloon disposed on a far side of the shaft and inflatable radially of the shaft by a fluid flowing into the balloon, at least one storage tube disposed along an outer surface of the balloon and having a storage lumen defined therein, and an elongate scoring wire storable in the storage tube and made of a harder material than the balloon. The storage tube is fixed to the balloon or the shaft and has an opening portion defined therein that provides fluid communication between outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the storage tube along the storage lumen when the balloon is inflated, and the scoring wire is movable in the storage lumen along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube.1. A scoring device comprising:
an elongate shaft possessing a far-side and a near-side; a balloon disposed on the far-side of the shaft and inflatable radially of the shaft by a fluid introduced into the balloon, the balloon possessing a near-side and a far-side at opposite ends of the balloon; at least one storage tube disposed along an outer surface of the balloon, and a storage lumen defined in the at least one storage tube; an elongate scoring wire storable in the storage tube and made of a material harder than the balloon; the storage tube being fixed to the balloon or the shaft and including an opening portion that provides fluid communication between outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the storage tube along the storage lumen when the balloon is inflated; and the scoring wire being movable in the storage lumen along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube. 2. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube extends on a near side of the near-side of the balloon, the storage tube including an insertion port in a near-side portion of the storage tube, the storage lumen being open through the insertion port. 3. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube possesses a lower flexural rigidity than the scoring wire. 4. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube includes a first fixed portion fixed to either the far-side portion of the balloon or a portion of the shaft that lies on a far side of the far-side of the balloon. 5. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube possesses a lower flexural rigidity than the balloon. 6. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the opening portion is open radially outwardly of the shaft. 7. The scoring device according to claim 6, wherein storage tube includes a portion positioned opposite the opening portion in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the storage tube, the portion being configured to induce pliable deformation of the storage tube. 8. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the scoring wire includes a scoring element and a manipulating wire extending toward a near-side from the scoring element, the scoring element including an edge defined as a corner of the scoring element in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the scoring wire, the scoring element being positioned at a far-side end of the manipulating wire so the manipulating wire extends toward a near-side from the scoring element. 9. The scoring device according to claim 2, wherein the scoring wire includes a stepped surface facing in a near side direction, the stepped surface being located at a far-side end of the manipulating wire and a near-side end of the scoring element at which the manipulating wire meets the scoring element, and
the storage tube or the shaft including a first stopper disposed near the insertion port and possessing a limiting surface facing in a far-side direction and configured to contact the stepped surface when the scoring element is positioned on the far-side of the first stopper and the scoring wire is moved in the near-side direction. 10. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the scoring wire includes a groove or a protrusion extending along a longitudinal axis of the scoring wire, and
the storage tube includes a stopper configured as either a projecting member that extends along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to be positioned in the groove or a recess that extends along the longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to receive the protrusion. 11. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the balloon includes a plurality of pleats coiled circumferentially around the shaft, the storage tube being disposed between adjacent ones of the pleats. 12. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube includes a stopper on a far-side portion of the storage tube for closing the storage lumen or for restraining the scoring wire in the storage lumen from moving toward a far side. 13. The scoring device according to claim 1, wherein the storage tube is separate from an inflatable portion of the balloon. 14. A treatment method comprising:
inserting a balloon into a living body lumen until the balloon reaches a lesion area in the living body lumen, the balloon including at least one storage tube on an outer surface of the balloon; inflating the balloon; deflating the balloon; placing an elongate scoring wire made of a material that is harder than the balloon in a portion of the storage tube that is on the outer surface of the balloon; inflating the balloon to apply an outwardly directed force to the scoring wire to cause the scoring wire to score at least a portion of the lesion area; and dilating the lesion area with the inflated balloon. 15. The treatment method according to claim 14, wherein the inflating of the balloon to apply the outwardly directed force to the scoring wire outwardly moves the scoring wire so that a portion of the scoring wire extends outwardly beyond an outer periphery of the storage tube, the portion of the scoring wire being positioned inwardly of the outer periphery of the storage tube before the inflating of the balloon to apply the outwardly directed force to the scoring wire. 16. The treatment method according to claim 14, wherein the scoring wire includes a manipulating wire and a scoring element fixed at a far-side portion of the manipulating wire, the placing of the elongate scoring wire in the portion of the storage tube includes inserting a far-side portion of the scoring wire into an opening at a near-side of the storage tube, and moving the scoring wire in a far-side direction by pushing the manipulating wire to position the scoring element at a position in alignment with an opening portion in the storage tube, the inflating of the balloon to apply the outwardly directed force to the scoring wire causing the scoring element to pass through the opening portion of the storage tube and score at least the portion of the lesion area. 17. A scoring device configured to score a lesion in a lumen in a living body, the scoring device comprising:
an elongate shaft possessing a far-side and a near-side; a longitudinally extending inflatable balloon disposed on the far-side of the shaft, and a lumen in communication with an interior of the balloon to introduce fluid into the interior of the balloon to inflate the balloon radially outwardly, the balloon possessing a near-side and a far-side at opposite ends of the balloon, the balloon possessing an outer surface; a longitudinally extending storage tube disposed on the outer surface of the balloon and extending along a longitudinal extent of the balloon so that inflation of the balloon causes the storage tube to move radially outwardly, the storage tube possessing a near-side end that is open and that communicates with a storage lumen extending toward a far-side of the storage tube, the storage tube being fixed relative to the balloon in a far-side direction and near-side direction, inflation of the balloon causing the storage tube to move outwardly away from the shaft; an elongate scoring wire configured to be introduced into the storage lumen by way of the open near-side end and moved along the storage lumen in the far-side direction, the elongate scoring wire including a manipulating wire and a scoring element, the scoring element being fixed to a far-side end of the manipulating wire so that movement of the manipulating wire by an operator moves the scoring element, the scoring element being made of a material possessing greater hardness than the balloon; and the storage tube including an opening portion through which the scoring element passes when the balloon is inflated and the storage tube moves radially outwardly so that the scoring element is positioned to score the lesion in the lumen of the living body, the opening portion providing fluid communication between outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the storage tube along the storage lumen when the balloon is inflated. 18. The scoring device according to claim 17, wherein the scoring wire includes a stepped surface facing in the near-side direction, the stepped surface being located at the far-side end of the manipulating wire and a near-side end of the scoring element at which the manipulating wire meets the scoring element, and including a stopper possessing a limiting surface facing in the far-side direction and configured to contact the stepped surface when the scoring element is positioned on the far-side of the stopper and the scoring wire is moved in the near-side direction. 19. The scoring device according to claim 17, wherein the scoring element includes a groove or a protrusion extending along a longitudinal axis of the scoring wire, and the storage tube includes a stopper configured as either a projecting member that extends along a longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to be positioned in the groove or a recess that extends along the longitudinal axis of the storage tube and is configured to receive the protrusion. 20. The scoring device according to claim 17, wherein storage tube is a first storage tube, and further comprising a longitudinally extending second storage tube disposed on the outer surface of the balloon at a position circumferentially spaced from the first storage tube, the second storage tube extending along the longitudinal extent of the balloon so that inflation of the balloon causes the second storage tube to move radially outwardly, the second storage tube possessing a near-side end that is open and that communicates with a storage lumen extending toward a far-side of the second storage tube, the second storage tube being fixed relative to the balloon in the far-side direction and near-side direction, inflation of the balloon causing the second storage tube to move outwardly away from the shaft; and
the scoring wire being a first scoring wire, and further comprising a second scoring wire configured to be introduced into the second storage lumen by way of the open near-side end in the second storage tube, the second scoring wire including a manipulating wire and a scoring element. | 3,700 |
343,908 | 16,803,367 | 3,729 | The operational performance of pumps can be improved when pumping liquids with at least 10 vol. % gas volume fraction (GVF) as found in many oil fields, wherein wells produce mixtures of gas and oil in varying proportions. An increase in the GVF that would have led to slugging in the flow, degrading the performance of pump in multiphase flow loop, and would have necessitated a check valve at each fluid stream to avoid flow reversal, can be overcome by a multiphase flow loop including a solenoid valve on the gas stream, which maintains the same intake gas pressure as that of oil/liquid pressure during the experiments. By testing pumps at more accurate GVFs, pump performance can be better assessed, resulting in reduced power consumption and increased efficiency. | 1. A pump testing system, comprising:
a flow loop comprising: a fluid tank comprising a liquid outlet and a fluid inlet; a first two-way valve fluidly connected to the liquid outlet; a liquid flow meter fluidly connected to the first two-way valve; a first one-way valve fluidly connected to the liquid flow meter; a first three-way connection comprising a first input branch fluidly connected to the first one-way valve, a second input branch fluidly connected to a gas system, and an output branch; a second two-way valve fluidly connected to the first three-way connection; a static mixer fluidly connected to the output branch of the first three-way connection through the second two-way valve; a test pump assembly fluidly connected to the static mixer; a third two-way valve fluidly connected to the test pump assembly; and a fluid return fluidly connected to the third two-way valve and the fluid inlet of the liquid tank, wherein the first two-way valve, second two-way valve, the input branches of the three-way connection, and the output branch of the first three-way connection are capable of stopping a flow through the flow loop, wherein a liquid-only pressure gauge is arranged on piping at a point between the fluid tank and the first three-way connection such that a liquid-only pressure is measured, wherein the static mixer is configured to mix a liquid flow from the liquid tank with a gas flow from the gas system to produce a multiphase flow, and wherein the gas system comprises a gas tank, fluidly connected to the first three-way connection, and a solenoid valve between the gas tank and the first three-way connection. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system connects fluidly to the flow loop at a first point, at a second three-way connection, and a second point. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second points are fluidly separated on the flow loop by the first one-way valve. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system connects fluidly to the flow loop at a first point, at a second three-way connection, and a second point, joining at the first three-way connection. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system further comprises:
a fourth two-way valve fluidly connected to the gas tank; a first pressure regulator fluidly connected to the fourth two-way valve; a gas flow meter fluidly connected to the pressure regulator; and a pressure gauge configured to measure a pressure in the gas system. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the fourth two-way valve is a gate valve. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the solenoid valve is arranged between, and in fluid connection with, the gas flow meter and the first three-way connection of the flow loop. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the pressure regulator is configured to
receive a signal from the first pressure gauge and the pressure gauge of the gas system, and equalize a pressure in the gas system and the flow loop, and operates the action of the solenoid valve. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the gas system comprises a second pressure gauge from which the pressure regulator is configured to receive a signal. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the flow loop is sealed off from the environment. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system is sealed off from the environment. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third two-way valves are independently a gate valve, a globe valve, a ball valve, and/or a needle valve. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third two-way valves are gate valves. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein, in the gas system, the pressure regulator is configured to branch off the gas flow in a first direction and a second direction, which fluidly connect at separate points onto the flow loop. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first direction connects fluidly to the flow loop at a first point, at a second three-way connection, and
wherein the second direction connects fluidly to the flow loop at a second point. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid comprises at least 50 wt. % oil, based upon total liquid flow weight. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas comprises at least 50 wt. % air, based upon total gas flow weight. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the pump testing apparatus is configured to adjust and maintain a gas volume fraction in the multiphase flow. 19. A method of testing pump performance, the method comprising:
pumping a multiphase flow through the pump in the flow loop of the system of claim 1; and measuring the properties of the pump, wherein the multiphase flow comprises a liquid and a gas. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
equalizing the pressure of the gas flow and the liquid flow within 95% using the solenoid valve. | The operational performance of pumps can be improved when pumping liquids with at least 10 vol. % gas volume fraction (GVF) as found in many oil fields, wherein wells produce mixtures of gas and oil in varying proportions. An increase in the GVF that would have led to slugging in the flow, degrading the performance of pump in multiphase flow loop, and would have necessitated a check valve at each fluid stream to avoid flow reversal, can be overcome by a multiphase flow loop including a solenoid valve on the gas stream, which maintains the same intake gas pressure as that of oil/liquid pressure during the experiments. By testing pumps at more accurate GVFs, pump performance can be better assessed, resulting in reduced power consumption and increased efficiency.1. A pump testing system, comprising:
a flow loop comprising: a fluid tank comprising a liquid outlet and a fluid inlet; a first two-way valve fluidly connected to the liquid outlet; a liquid flow meter fluidly connected to the first two-way valve; a first one-way valve fluidly connected to the liquid flow meter; a first three-way connection comprising a first input branch fluidly connected to the first one-way valve, a second input branch fluidly connected to a gas system, and an output branch; a second two-way valve fluidly connected to the first three-way connection; a static mixer fluidly connected to the output branch of the first three-way connection through the second two-way valve; a test pump assembly fluidly connected to the static mixer; a third two-way valve fluidly connected to the test pump assembly; and a fluid return fluidly connected to the third two-way valve and the fluid inlet of the liquid tank, wherein the first two-way valve, second two-way valve, the input branches of the three-way connection, and the output branch of the first three-way connection are capable of stopping a flow through the flow loop, wherein a liquid-only pressure gauge is arranged on piping at a point between the fluid tank and the first three-way connection such that a liquid-only pressure is measured, wherein the static mixer is configured to mix a liquid flow from the liquid tank with a gas flow from the gas system to produce a multiphase flow, and wherein the gas system comprises a gas tank, fluidly connected to the first three-way connection, and a solenoid valve between the gas tank and the first three-way connection. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system connects fluidly to the flow loop at a first point, at a second three-way connection, and a second point. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second points are fluidly separated on the flow loop by the first one-way valve. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system connects fluidly to the flow loop at a first point, at a second three-way connection, and a second point, joining at the first three-way connection. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system further comprises:
a fourth two-way valve fluidly connected to the gas tank; a first pressure regulator fluidly connected to the fourth two-way valve; a gas flow meter fluidly connected to the pressure regulator; and a pressure gauge configured to measure a pressure in the gas system. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the fourth two-way valve is a gate valve. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the solenoid valve is arranged between, and in fluid connection with, the gas flow meter and the first three-way connection of the flow loop. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the pressure regulator is configured to
receive a signal from the first pressure gauge and the pressure gauge of the gas system, and equalize a pressure in the gas system and the flow loop, and operates the action of the solenoid valve. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the gas system comprises a second pressure gauge from which the pressure regulator is configured to receive a signal. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the flow loop is sealed off from the environment. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas system is sealed off from the environment. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third two-way valves are independently a gate valve, a globe valve, a ball valve, and/or a needle valve. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third two-way valves are gate valves. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein, in the gas system, the pressure regulator is configured to branch off the gas flow in a first direction and a second direction, which fluidly connect at separate points onto the flow loop. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first direction connects fluidly to the flow loop at a first point, at a second three-way connection, and
wherein the second direction connects fluidly to the flow loop at a second point. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid comprises at least 50 wt. % oil, based upon total liquid flow weight. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas comprises at least 50 wt. % air, based upon total gas flow weight. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the pump testing apparatus is configured to adjust and maintain a gas volume fraction in the multiphase flow. 19. A method of testing pump performance, the method comprising:
pumping a multiphase flow through the pump in the flow loop of the system of claim 1; and measuring the properties of the pump, wherein the multiphase flow comprises a liquid and a gas. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
equalizing the pressure of the gas flow and the liquid flow within 95% using the solenoid valve. | 3,700 |
343,909 | 16,803,375 | 3,729 | An airbus sunshade is shown and described. The airbus sunshade includes a first material configured to dim sunlight. An adhesive layer added to the sunshade, wherein the adhesive does not leave a residue. The first material of the sunshade is shaped to fit a side window of an airbus. | 2) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the first material is a mesh material. 3) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the first material is a sun black out material. 4) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the sunshade is a trapezoid. 5) The sunshade of claim 4, wherein the dimensions of the trapezoid are 13 inches along one side, 21 inches along a second side, 23 inches along a third side, and 27 and ½ inches along a fourth side. 6) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the sunshade is hexagonal. 7) The sun shade of claim 6, wherein the dimensions of the shape are 8 inches along a first side, 15 inches along a second side, 7 inches along a third side, 14 inches along a fourth side, 23 and ¼ inches along a fifth side, and 13 and ½ inches along a sixth side. 8) An airbus sunshade, the sunshade comprising:
a first material configured to dim sunlight; the first material is connected to a frame; wherein the frame is configured to fit about the perimeter of the first material; the sunshade is shaped to fit a side window of an airbus. 9) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the first material is a mesh material. 10) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the first material is a sun black out material. 11) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the sunshade is a trapezoid. 12) The sunshade of claim 11, wherein the dimensions of the trapezoid are 13 inches along one side, 21 inches along a second side, 23 inches along a third side, and 27 and ⅕ inches along a fourth side. 13) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the sunshade is hexagonal. 14) The sun shade of claim 13, wherein the dimensions of the shape are 8 inches along a first side, 15 inches along a second side, 7 inches along a third side, 14 inches along a fourth side, 23 and ¼ inches along a fifth side and 13 and ½ inches along a sixth side. 15) An airbus sunshade, the sunshade comprising:
a first material configured to dim sunlight; a plurality of suction cups attached to the sunshade, wherein the suction cups hold the sunshade to a window; the sunshade is shaped to fit a side window of an airbus. 16) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the first material is a mesh material. 17) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the first material is a sun black out material. 18) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the sunshade is a trapezoid. 19) The sunshade of claim 18, wherein the dimensions of the trapezoid are 13 inches along one side, 21 inches along a second side, 23 inches along a third side, and 27 and ⅕ inches along a fourth side. 20) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the sunshade is hexagonal. | An airbus sunshade is shown and described. The airbus sunshade includes a first material configured to dim sunlight. An adhesive layer added to the sunshade, wherein the adhesive does not leave a residue. The first material of the sunshade is shaped to fit a side window of an airbus.2) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the first material is a mesh material. 3) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the first material is a sun black out material. 4) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the sunshade is a trapezoid. 5) The sunshade of claim 4, wherein the dimensions of the trapezoid are 13 inches along one side, 21 inches along a second side, 23 inches along a third side, and 27 and ½ inches along a fourth side. 6) The sunshade of claim 1, wherein the sunshade is hexagonal. 7) The sun shade of claim 6, wherein the dimensions of the shape are 8 inches along a first side, 15 inches along a second side, 7 inches along a third side, 14 inches along a fourth side, 23 and ¼ inches along a fifth side, and 13 and ½ inches along a sixth side. 8) An airbus sunshade, the sunshade comprising:
a first material configured to dim sunlight; the first material is connected to a frame; wherein the frame is configured to fit about the perimeter of the first material; the sunshade is shaped to fit a side window of an airbus. 9) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the first material is a mesh material. 10) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the first material is a sun black out material. 11) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the sunshade is a trapezoid. 12) The sunshade of claim 11, wherein the dimensions of the trapezoid are 13 inches along one side, 21 inches along a second side, 23 inches along a third side, and 27 and ⅕ inches along a fourth side. 13) The sunshade of claim 8, wherein the sunshade is hexagonal. 14) The sun shade of claim 13, wherein the dimensions of the shape are 8 inches along a first side, 15 inches along a second side, 7 inches along a third side, 14 inches along a fourth side, 23 and ¼ inches along a fifth side and 13 and ½ inches along a sixth side. 15) An airbus sunshade, the sunshade comprising:
a first material configured to dim sunlight; a plurality of suction cups attached to the sunshade, wherein the suction cups hold the sunshade to a window; the sunshade is shaped to fit a side window of an airbus. 16) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the first material is a mesh material. 17) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the first material is a sun black out material. 18) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the sunshade is a trapezoid. 19) The sunshade of claim 18, wherein the dimensions of the trapezoid are 13 inches along one side, 21 inches along a second side, 23 inches along a third side, and 27 and ⅕ inches along a fourth side. 20) The sunshade of claim 15, wherein the sunshade is hexagonal. | 3,700 |
343,910 | 16,803,351 | 3,729 | A conductive bridge random access memory and its manufacturing method are provided. The conductive bridge random access memory includes a bottom electrode, an inter-metal dielectric, a resistance switching assembly, and a top electrode. The bottom electrode is disposed on a substrate, and the inter-metal dielectric is disposed above the bottom electrode. The resistance switching assembly is disposed on the bottom electrode and positioned in the inter-metal dielectric. The resistance switching assembly has a reverse T-shape cross-section. The top electrode is disposed on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric. | 1. A conductive bridge random access memory, comprising:
a bottom electrode disposed on a substrate; an inter-metal dielectric disposed above the bottom electrode; a resistance switching assembly disposed on the bottom electrode and positioned in the inter-metal dielectric, wherein the resistance switching assembly has a reverse T-shape cross-section; and a top electrode disposed on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric. 2. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistance switching assembly comprises:
a first resistance-switching layer disposed on the bottom electrode; and a second resistance-switching layer disposed on the first resistance-switching layer, wherein an area of a lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the first resistance-switching layer. 3. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein an area of a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer is larger than the area of the lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer. 4. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first resistance-switching layer has a first contact area with the bottom electrode, the second resistance-switching layer has a second contact area with the top electrode, and the first contact area is equal to the second contact area. 5. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inter-metal dielectric comprises:
a first dielectric layer disposed on the bottom electrode, wherein the first resistance-switching layer is disposed in the first dielectric layer; and a second dielectric layer disposed on the first dielectric layer, wherein the second resistance-switching layer is disposed in the second dielectric layer. 6. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are made of different materials, and the second dielectric layer has better barrier properties than the first dielectric layer for stopping diffusion of metal ions. 7. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first dielectric layer comprises silicon carbonitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide or a combination thereof, and the second dielectric layer comprises silicon carbonitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof. 8. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein an area of a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer is equal to or smaller than a top surface of the bottom electrode. 9. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, further comprising an interlayer dielectric (ILD) disposed on the substrate and surrounding the bottom electrode, wherein the inter-metal dielectric is disposed above the interlayer dielectric. 10. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a diffusion barrier layer disposed on the interlayer dielectric and surrounding the bottom electrode, wherein the inter-metal dielectric is disposed on the diffusion barrier layer, and a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer covers the bottom electrode and contacts a portion of the diffusion barrier layer. 11. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom electrode and the resistance switching assembly are respectively referred as a first bottom electrode and a first resistance switching assembly, and the conductive bridge random access memory further comprises:
a second bottom electrode disposed on the substrate and separated from the first bottom electrode; and a second resistance switching assembly disposed on the second bottom electrode and separated from the first resistance switching assembly by the inter-metal dielectric, wherein the second resistance switching assembly comprises:
a third resistance-switching layer disposed on the second bottom electrode; and
a fourth resistance-switching layer disposed on the third resistance-switching layer,
wherein an area of a lower surface of the fourth resistance-switching layer is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the third resistance-switching layer. 12. A method of manufacturing a conductive bridge random access memory, comprising:
forming a bottom electrode on a substrate; forming an inter-metal dielectric above the bottom electrode; forming a resistance switching assembly on the bottom electrode and in the inter-metal dielectric, wherein the resistance switching assembly has a reverse T-shape cross-section; and forming a top electrode on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric. 13. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 12, wherein the resistance switching assembly comprises:
a first resistance-switching layer disposed on the bottom electrode; and a second resistance-switching layer disposed on the first resistance-switching layer, wherein an area of a lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the first resistance-switching layer. 14. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 13, wherein an area of a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer is larger than the area of the lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer. 15. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 13, wherein the first resistance-switching layer has a first contact area with the bottom electrode, the second resistance-switching layer has a second contact area with the top electrode, and the first contact area is equal to the second contact area. 16. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 13, wherein forming the inter-metal dielectric comprises:
forming a first dielectric layer on the bottom electrode; and forming a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer, wherein the second dielectric layer has better barrier properties than the first dielectric layer for stopping the diffusion of metal ions. 17. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 16, wherein forming the top electrode on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric comprises:
performing a first etching step on the second dielectric layer using a first etchant to form a first hole; performing a second etching step on the first dielectric layer using a second etchant to form a second hole under the first hole, wherein the second hole exposes the bottom electrode, and the first hole and the second hole together form a through hole; and filling a resistance switching material into the through hole to form the resistance switching assembly; wherein the second etchant is different from the first etchant, and the first etching step and the second etching step are performed in-situ in an etching chamber. 18. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 17, wherein the conductive bridge random access memory further comprises:
an interlayer dielectric (ILD) disposed on the substrate and surrounding the bottom electrode; and a diffusion barrier layer disposed on the interlayer dielectric and surrounding the bottom electrode, wherein after forming the second hole, a bottom opening of the second hole exposes an upper surface of the bottom electrode and a portion of an upper surface of the diffusion barrier layer. | A conductive bridge random access memory and its manufacturing method are provided. The conductive bridge random access memory includes a bottom electrode, an inter-metal dielectric, a resistance switching assembly, and a top electrode. The bottom electrode is disposed on a substrate, and the inter-metal dielectric is disposed above the bottom electrode. The resistance switching assembly is disposed on the bottom electrode and positioned in the inter-metal dielectric. The resistance switching assembly has a reverse T-shape cross-section. The top electrode is disposed on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric.1. A conductive bridge random access memory, comprising:
a bottom electrode disposed on a substrate; an inter-metal dielectric disposed above the bottom electrode; a resistance switching assembly disposed on the bottom electrode and positioned in the inter-metal dielectric, wherein the resistance switching assembly has a reverse T-shape cross-section; and a top electrode disposed on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric. 2. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistance switching assembly comprises:
a first resistance-switching layer disposed on the bottom electrode; and a second resistance-switching layer disposed on the first resistance-switching layer, wherein an area of a lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the first resistance-switching layer. 3. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein an area of a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer is larger than the area of the lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer. 4. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first resistance-switching layer has a first contact area with the bottom electrode, the second resistance-switching layer has a second contact area with the top electrode, and the first contact area is equal to the second contact area. 5. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inter-metal dielectric comprises:
a first dielectric layer disposed on the bottom electrode, wherein the first resistance-switching layer is disposed in the first dielectric layer; and a second dielectric layer disposed on the first dielectric layer, wherein the second resistance-switching layer is disposed in the second dielectric layer. 6. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are made of different materials, and the second dielectric layer has better barrier properties than the first dielectric layer for stopping diffusion of metal ions. 7. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first dielectric layer comprises silicon carbonitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide or a combination thereof, and the second dielectric layer comprises silicon carbonitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof. 8. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein an area of a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer is equal to or smaller than a top surface of the bottom electrode. 9. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, further comprising an interlayer dielectric (ILD) disposed on the substrate and surrounding the bottom electrode, wherein the inter-metal dielectric is disposed above the interlayer dielectric. 10. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a diffusion barrier layer disposed on the interlayer dielectric and surrounding the bottom electrode, wherein the inter-metal dielectric is disposed on the diffusion barrier layer, and a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer covers the bottom electrode and contacts a portion of the diffusion barrier layer. 11. The conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom electrode and the resistance switching assembly are respectively referred as a first bottom electrode and a first resistance switching assembly, and the conductive bridge random access memory further comprises:
a second bottom electrode disposed on the substrate and separated from the first bottom electrode; and a second resistance switching assembly disposed on the second bottom electrode and separated from the first resistance switching assembly by the inter-metal dielectric, wherein the second resistance switching assembly comprises:
a third resistance-switching layer disposed on the second bottom electrode; and
a fourth resistance-switching layer disposed on the third resistance-switching layer,
wherein an area of a lower surface of the fourth resistance-switching layer is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the third resistance-switching layer. 12. A method of manufacturing a conductive bridge random access memory, comprising:
forming a bottom electrode on a substrate; forming an inter-metal dielectric above the bottom electrode; forming a resistance switching assembly on the bottom electrode and in the inter-metal dielectric, wherein the resistance switching assembly has a reverse T-shape cross-section; and forming a top electrode on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric. 13. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 12, wherein the resistance switching assembly comprises:
a first resistance-switching layer disposed on the bottom electrode; and a second resistance-switching layer disposed on the first resistance-switching layer, wherein an area of a lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the first resistance-switching layer. 14. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 13, wherein an area of a lower surface of the first resistance-switching layer is larger than the area of the lower surface of the second resistance-switching layer. 15. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 13, wherein the first resistance-switching layer has a first contact area with the bottom electrode, the second resistance-switching layer has a second contact area with the top electrode, and the first contact area is equal to the second contact area. 16. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 13, wherein forming the inter-metal dielectric comprises:
forming a first dielectric layer on the bottom electrode; and forming a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer, wherein the second dielectric layer has better barrier properties than the first dielectric layer for stopping the diffusion of metal ions. 17. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 16, wherein forming the top electrode on the resistance switching assembly and the inter-metal dielectric comprises:
performing a first etching step on the second dielectric layer using a first etchant to form a first hole; performing a second etching step on the first dielectric layer using a second etchant to form a second hole under the first hole, wherein the second hole exposes the bottom electrode, and the first hole and the second hole together form a through hole; and filling a resistance switching material into the through hole to form the resistance switching assembly; wherein the second etchant is different from the first etchant, and the first etching step and the second etching step are performed in-situ in an etching chamber. 18. The method of manufacturing the conductive bridge random access memory as claimed in claim 17, wherein the conductive bridge random access memory further comprises:
an interlayer dielectric (ILD) disposed on the substrate and surrounding the bottom electrode; and a diffusion barrier layer disposed on the interlayer dielectric and surrounding the bottom electrode, wherein after forming the second hole, a bottom opening of the second hole exposes an upper surface of the bottom electrode and a portion of an upper surface of the diffusion barrier layer. | 3,700 |
343,911 | 16,803,358 | 3,729 | Disclosed are a posture detection device and a posture detection method that can identify a user and determine the posture of a user by using artificial intelligence technology. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied includes acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors, determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifying the user and determining the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. With the use of an artificial intelligence machine learning technology, it is possible to improve posture determination accuracy and user identification accuracy. | 1. An electronic device using artificial intelligence technology, the electronic device comprising:
a plurality of sensors; a sensing unit operatively connected to the plurality of sensors; and at least one processor operatively connected to the sensing unit, wherein the at least one processor acquires sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors via the sensing unit, determines whether or not a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, obtains statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifies the user and determines a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor executes at least a portion of instructions of a first trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user and at least a portion of instructions of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user, and
wherein the at least one processor identifies the user and determines the posture of the user by using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the sensing unit periodically acquires the sensing data from each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and wherein the at least one processor determines that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing unit measured in a previous period from each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and wherein the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the sensing data. 5. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one processor collects the sensing data measured for a second time and obtains the statistical sensing data for each sensor by calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data. 6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the at least one processor determines each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period and acquires the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached after it is determined that the posture is changed, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio. 7. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor determines the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model, and the at least one processor identifies the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 8. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising an output unit operatively connected to the at least one processor and configured to include a display unit,
wherein the at least one processor displays at least one piece of information selected from among the identified user, the determined posture of the user, and the statistical sensing data on the display unit. 9. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a memory unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
wherein the at least one processor generates and stores a two-dimensional image in a memory unit, the two-dimensional image being configured such that an x axis represents passage of time, an y axis represents each of the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data of a corresponding one of the plurality of sensors, the statistical sensing data being displayed in colors or in grayscales according to the values thereof. 10. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the electronic device further comprises a communication unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
the at least one processor communicates with an external artificial intelligence server through the communication unit, and the at least one processor performs at least a portion of functions of the first trained model and/or at least a portion of functions of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. 11. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied, the method comprising:
acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors; determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data; acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture of the user is changed; and identifying a user and determining a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the identifying of the user and determining the posture of the user comprises:
executing at least one function of a first trained model to which artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user; executing at least one function of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user; and using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the acquiring of the sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors comprises periodically acquiring the sensing data corresponding to each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and
the determining of whether the posture is changed on the basis of the sensing data comprises determining that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period, of each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is half or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the value of the sensing data. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises:
collecting the sensing data for a second time; and calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data, thereby acquiring the statistical sensing data for each of the plurality of sensors. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
determining each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio, wherein the acquiring of the statistical data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises acquiring the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached when it is determined that the posture is changed. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the identifying of the user and determining of the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data comprise:
determining the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model; and identifying the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 18. The method according to claim 12, further comprising displaying the identified user, the posture of the identified user, and/or the statistical sensing data on a display unit. 19. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
generating and storing in a memory unit a two-dimensional image in which an x axis represents passages of time, a y axis represents the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data expressed in colors or in grayscales for each of the plurality of sensors. 20. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
communicating with an external artificial intelligence server; and performing at least one function of the first trained model and/or at least one function of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. | Disclosed are a posture detection device and a posture detection method that can identify a user and determine the posture of a user by using artificial intelligence technology. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied includes acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors, determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifying the user and determining the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. With the use of an artificial intelligence machine learning technology, it is possible to improve posture determination accuracy and user identification accuracy.1. An electronic device using artificial intelligence technology, the electronic device comprising:
a plurality of sensors; a sensing unit operatively connected to the plurality of sensors; and at least one processor operatively connected to the sensing unit, wherein the at least one processor acquires sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors via the sensing unit, determines whether or not a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, obtains statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifies the user and determines a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor executes at least a portion of instructions of a first trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user and at least a portion of instructions of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user, and
wherein the at least one processor identifies the user and determines the posture of the user by using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the sensing unit periodically acquires the sensing data from each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and wherein the at least one processor determines that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing unit measured in a previous period from each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and wherein the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the sensing data. 5. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one processor collects the sensing data measured for a second time and obtains the statistical sensing data for each sensor by calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data. 6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the at least one processor determines each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period and acquires the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached after it is determined that the posture is changed, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio. 7. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor determines the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model, and the at least one processor identifies the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 8. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising an output unit operatively connected to the at least one processor and configured to include a display unit,
wherein the at least one processor displays at least one piece of information selected from among the identified user, the determined posture of the user, and the statistical sensing data on the display unit. 9. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a memory unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
wherein the at least one processor generates and stores a two-dimensional image in a memory unit, the two-dimensional image being configured such that an x axis represents passage of time, an y axis represents each of the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data of a corresponding one of the plurality of sensors, the statistical sensing data being displayed in colors or in grayscales according to the values thereof. 10. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the electronic device further comprises a communication unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
the at least one processor communicates with an external artificial intelligence server through the communication unit, and the at least one processor performs at least a portion of functions of the first trained model and/or at least a portion of functions of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. 11. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied, the method comprising:
acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors; determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data; acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture of the user is changed; and identifying a user and determining a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the identifying of the user and determining the posture of the user comprises:
executing at least one function of a first trained model to which artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user; executing at least one function of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user; and using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the acquiring of the sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors comprises periodically acquiring the sensing data corresponding to each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and
the determining of whether the posture is changed on the basis of the sensing data comprises determining that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period, of each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is half or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the value of the sensing data. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises:
collecting the sensing data for a second time; and calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data, thereby acquiring the statistical sensing data for each of the plurality of sensors. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
determining each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio, wherein the acquiring of the statistical data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises acquiring the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached when it is determined that the posture is changed. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the identifying of the user and determining of the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data comprise:
determining the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model; and identifying the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 18. The method according to claim 12, further comprising displaying the identified user, the posture of the identified user, and/or the statistical sensing data on a display unit. 19. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
generating and storing in a memory unit a two-dimensional image in which an x axis represents passages of time, a y axis represents the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data expressed in colors or in grayscales for each of the plurality of sensors. 20. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
communicating with an external artificial intelligence server; and performing at least one function of the first trained model and/or at least one function of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. | 3,700 |
343,912 | 16,803,371 | 3,729 | Disclosed are a posture detection device and a posture detection method that can identify a user and determine the posture of a user by using artificial intelligence technology. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied includes acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors, determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifying the user and determining the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. With the use of an artificial intelligence machine learning technology, it is possible to improve posture determination accuracy and user identification accuracy. | 1. An electronic device using artificial intelligence technology, the electronic device comprising:
a plurality of sensors; a sensing unit operatively connected to the plurality of sensors; and at least one processor operatively connected to the sensing unit, wherein the at least one processor acquires sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors via the sensing unit, determines whether or not a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, obtains statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifies the user and determines a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor executes at least a portion of instructions of a first trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user and at least a portion of instructions of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user, and
wherein the at least one processor identifies the user and determines the posture of the user by using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the sensing unit periodically acquires the sensing data from each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and wherein the at least one processor determines that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing unit measured in a previous period from each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and wherein the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the sensing data. 5. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one processor collects the sensing data measured for a second time and obtains the statistical sensing data for each sensor by calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data. 6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the at least one processor determines each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period and acquires the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached after it is determined that the posture is changed, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio. 7. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor determines the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model, and the at least one processor identifies the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 8. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising an output unit operatively connected to the at least one processor and configured to include a display unit,
wherein the at least one processor displays at least one piece of information selected from among the identified user, the determined posture of the user, and the statistical sensing data on the display unit. 9. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a memory unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
wherein the at least one processor generates and stores a two-dimensional image in a memory unit, the two-dimensional image being configured such that an x axis represents passage of time, an y axis represents each of the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data of a corresponding one of the plurality of sensors, the statistical sensing data being displayed in colors or in grayscales according to the values thereof. 10. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the electronic device further comprises a communication unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
the at least one processor communicates with an external artificial intelligence server through the communication unit, and the at least one processor performs at least a portion of functions of the first trained model and/or at least a portion of functions of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. 11. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied, the method comprising:
acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors; determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data; acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture of the user is changed; and identifying a user and determining a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the identifying of the user and determining the posture of the user comprises:
executing at least one function of a first trained model to which artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user; executing at least one function of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user; and using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the acquiring of the sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors comprises periodically acquiring the sensing data corresponding to each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and
the determining of whether the posture is changed on the basis of the sensing data comprises determining that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period, of each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is half or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the value of the sensing data. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises:
collecting the sensing data for a second time; and calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data, thereby acquiring the statistical sensing data for each of the plurality of sensors. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
determining each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio, wherein the acquiring of the statistical data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises acquiring the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached when it is determined that the posture is changed. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the identifying of the user and determining of the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data comprise:
determining the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model; and identifying the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 18. The method according to claim 12, further comprising displaying the identified user, the posture of the identified user, and/or the statistical sensing data on a display unit. 19. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
generating and storing in a memory unit a two-dimensional image in which an x axis represents passages of time, a y axis represents the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data expressed in colors or in grayscales for each of the plurality of sensors. 20. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
communicating with an external artificial intelligence server; and performing at least one function of the first trained model and/or at least one function of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. | Disclosed are a posture detection device and a posture detection method that can identify a user and determine the posture of a user by using artificial intelligence technology. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied includes acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors, determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifying the user and determining the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. With the use of an artificial intelligence machine learning technology, it is possible to improve posture determination accuracy and user identification accuracy.1. An electronic device using artificial intelligence technology, the electronic device comprising:
a plurality of sensors; a sensing unit operatively connected to the plurality of sensors; and at least one processor operatively connected to the sensing unit, wherein the at least one processor acquires sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors via the sensing unit, determines whether or not a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data, obtains statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture is changed, and identifies the user and determines a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor executes at least a portion of instructions of a first trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user and at least a portion of instructions of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user, and
wherein the at least one processor identifies the user and determines the posture of the user by using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the sensing unit periodically acquires the sensing data from each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and wherein the at least one processor determines that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing unit measured in a previous period from each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and wherein the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the sensing data. 5. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one processor collects the sensing data measured for a second time and obtains the statistical sensing data for each sensor by calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data. 6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the at least one processor determines each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period and acquires the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached after it is determined that the posture is changed, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio. 7. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor determines the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model, and the at least one processor identifies the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 8. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising an output unit operatively connected to the at least one processor and configured to include a display unit,
wherein the at least one processor displays at least one piece of information selected from among the identified user, the determined posture of the user, and the statistical sensing data on the display unit. 9. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a memory unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
wherein the at least one processor generates and stores a two-dimensional image in a memory unit, the two-dimensional image being configured such that an x axis represents passage of time, an y axis represents each of the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data of a corresponding one of the plurality of sensors, the statistical sensing data being displayed in colors or in grayscales according to the values thereof. 10. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the electronic device further comprises a communication unit operatively connected to the at least one processor,
the at least one processor communicates with an external artificial intelligence server through the communication unit, and the at least one processor performs at least a portion of functions of the first trained model and/or at least a portion of functions of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. 11. An operation method of an electronic device to which artificial intelligence technology is applied, the method comprising:
acquiring sensing data measured by each of a plurality of sensors; determining whether a posture of a user is changed on the basis of the sensing data; acquiring statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data when it is determined that the posture of the user is changed; and identifying a user and determining a posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the identifying of the user and determining the posture of the user comprises:
executing at least one function of a first trained model to which artificial intelligence technology is applied to determine the posture of the user; executing at least one function of a second trained model to which the artificial intelligence technology is applied to identify the user; and using the statistical sensing data as input data for the first trained model and the second trained model. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the acquiring of the sensing data measured by each of the plurality of sensors comprises periodically acquiring the sensing data corresponding to each of the plurality of sensors at a first time interval, and
the determining of whether the posture is changed on the basis of the sensing data comprises determining that the posture is changed when a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a current period and a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period, of each of at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the number of the at least a portion of the plurality of sensors is half or more than half a total number of the plurality of sensors, and the first threshold value is ⅕ times a maximum value that can be measured as the value of the sensing data. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the statistical sensing data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises:
collecting the sensing data for a second time; and calculating one value among an average value, a mode value, and a median value of the collected sensing data, thereby acquiring the statistical sensing data for each of the plurality of sensors. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
determining each time period as a stabilized period or a transition period, the stabilized period being a period during which a difference between a value of the sensing data measured in a previous period and a value of the sensing data measured in a current period is less than a second threshold value or a first threshold ratio, the transition period being a period during which the difference between the value of the sensing data measured in the previous period and the value of the sensing data measured in the current period is equal to or greater than the second threshold value or the first threshold ratio, wherein the acquiring of the statistical data by statistically processing the sensing data comprises acquiring the statistical sensing data when the stabilized period is reached when it is determined that the posture is changed. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the identifying of the user and determining of the posture of the user on the basis of the statistical sensing data comprise:
determining the posture of the user by inputting one piece of the statistical sensing data into the first trained model; and identifying the user by inputting a series of pieces of the statistical sensing data into the second trained model. 18. The method according to claim 12, further comprising displaying the identified user, the posture of the identified user, and/or the statistical sensing data on a display unit. 19. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
generating and storing in a memory unit a two-dimensional image in which an x axis represents passages of time, a y axis represents the plurality of sensors, and each point at x and y coordinates represents the statistical sensing data expressed in colors or in grayscales for each of the plurality of sensors. 20. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
communicating with an external artificial intelligence server; and performing at least one function of the first trained model and/or at least one function of the second trained model in conjunction with the artificial intelligence server. | 3,700 |
343,913 | 16,803,359 | 3,729 | An implant (in particular a stent) includes a main structure and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter. The sensor assembly includes at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor which are connected in such a way that the conductor and the capacitor form at least one electrical resonant circuit. The electrical conductor is surrounded by an electrical insulation. The electrical conductor is in the form of a coil having at least one turn. The capacitor is in contact at least on one side with the surrounding environment and its capacitance changes depending on the body parameter that is to be determined. | 1. An implant, comprising:
a main structure; and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter, said sensor assembly including at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor; said at least one electrical conductor and said at least one capacitor being connected to form at least one electrical resonant circuit; said at least one electrical conductor being a coil having at least one turn; said at least one capacitor being in contact at least on one side with a surrounding environment and having a capacitance changing in dependence on the body parameter to be determined; and said electrical conductor being insulated with respect to at least one of the implant or another electrical conductor. 2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly is mounted on said main structure or is integrated in said main structure. 3. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrical conductor has a plurality of individual turns, and said individual turns are disposed at least one of side by side or one above another. 4. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits disposed in series. 5. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits being electrically and physically separated from one another, said at least two resonant circuits having different inherent frequencies. 6. The implant according to claim 4, wherein said at least two resonant circuits differ with respect to a spatial orientation of said coils of said resonant circuits. 7. The implant according to claim 4, wherein the implant is formed as an intraluminal endoprosthesis experiencing endothelialization, and at least one of the endothelialization, blood parameters or active substance concentrations in at least one of the blood or tissue are measured as the body parameter. 8. The implant according to claim 7, wherein the intraluminal endoprosthesis is as a stent. 9. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are distributed over a periphery of the implant and are disposed in series. 10. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are electrically and physically separated from one another with respect to a longitudinal axis of the implant. | An implant (in particular a stent) includes a main structure and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter. The sensor assembly includes at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor which are connected in such a way that the conductor and the capacitor form at least one electrical resonant circuit. The electrical conductor is surrounded by an electrical insulation. The electrical conductor is in the form of a coil having at least one turn. The capacitor is in contact at least on one side with the surrounding environment and its capacitance changes depending on the body parameter that is to be determined.1. An implant, comprising:
a main structure; and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter, said sensor assembly including at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor; said at least one electrical conductor and said at least one capacitor being connected to form at least one electrical resonant circuit; said at least one electrical conductor being a coil having at least one turn; said at least one capacitor being in contact at least on one side with a surrounding environment and having a capacitance changing in dependence on the body parameter to be determined; and said electrical conductor being insulated with respect to at least one of the implant or another electrical conductor. 2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly is mounted on said main structure or is integrated in said main structure. 3. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrical conductor has a plurality of individual turns, and said individual turns are disposed at least one of side by side or one above another. 4. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits disposed in series. 5. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits being electrically and physically separated from one another, said at least two resonant circuits having different inherent frequencies. 6. The implant according to claim 4, wherein said at least two resonant circuits differ with respect to a spatial orientation of said coils of said resonant circuits. 7. The implant according to claim 4, wherein the implant is formed as an intraluminal endoprosthesis experiencing endothelialization, and at least one of the endothelialization, blood parameters or active substance concentrations in at least one of the blood or tissue are measured as the body parameter. 8. The implant according to claim 7, wherein the intraluminal endoprosthesis is as a stent. 9. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are distributed over a periphery of the implant and are disposed in series. 10. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are electrically and physically separated from one another with respect to a longitudinal axis of the implant. | 3,700 |
343,914 | 16,803,363 | 3,729 | An implant (in particular a stent) includes a main structure and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter. The sensor assembly includes at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor which are connected in such a way that the conductor and the capacitor form at least one electrical resonant circuit. The electrical conductor is surrounded by an electrical insulation. The electrical conductor is in the form of a coil having at least one turn. The capacitor is in contact at least on one side with the surrounding environment and its capacitance changes depending on the body parameter that is to be determined. | 1. An implant, comprising:
a main structure; and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter, said sensor assembly including at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor; said at least one electrical conductor and said at least one capacitor being connected to form at least one electrical resonant circuit; said at least one electrical conductor being a coil having at least one turn; said at least one capacitor being in contact at least on one side with a surrounding environment and having a capacitance changing in dependence on the body parameter to be determined; and said electrical conductor being insulated with respect to at least one of the implant or another electrical conductor. 2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly is mounted on said main structure or is integrated in said main structure. 3. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrical conductor has a plurality of individual turns, and said individual turns are disposed at least one of side by side or one above another. 4. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits disposed in series. 5. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits being electrically and physically separated from one another, said at least two resonant circuits having different inherent frequencies. 6. The implant according to claim 4, wherein said at least two resonant circuits differ with respect to a spatial orientation of said coils of said resonant circuits. 7. The implant according to claim 4, wherein the implant is formed as an intraluminal endoprosthesis experiencing endothelialization, and at least one of the endothelialization, blood parameters or active substance concentrations in at least one of the blood or tissue are measured as the body parameter. 8. The implant according to claim 7, wherein the intraluminal endoprosthesis is as a stent. 9. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are distributed over a periphery of the implant and are disposed in series. 10. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are electrically and physically separated from one another with respect to a longitudinal axis of the implant. | An implant (in particular a stent) includes a main structure and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter. The sensor assembly includes at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor which are connected in such a way that the conductor and the capacitor form at least one electrical resonant circuit. The electrical conductor is surrounded by an electrical insulation. The electrical conductor is in the form of a coil having at least one turn. The capacitor is in contact at least on one side with the surrounding environment and its capacitance changes depending on the body parameter that is to be determined.1. An implant, comprising:
a main structure; and a sensor assembly for measuring a body parameter, said sensor assembly including at least one electrical conductor and at least one capacitor; said at least one electrical conductor and said at least one capacitor being connected to form at least one electrical resonant circuit; said at least one electrical conductor being a coil having at least one turn; said at least one capacitor being in contact at least on one side with a surrounding environment and having a capacitance changing in dependence on the body parameter to be determined; and said electrical conductor being insulated with respect to at least one of the implant or another electrical conductor. 2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly is mounted on said main structure or is integrated in said main structure. 3. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrical conductor has a plurality of individual turns, and said individual turns are disposed at least one of side by side or one above another. 4. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits disposed in series. 5. The implant according to claim 1, wherein said sensor assembly includes at least two resonant circuits being electrically and physically separated from one another, said at least two resonant circuits having different inherent frequencies. 6. The implant according to claim 4, wherein said at least two resonant circuits differ with respect to a spatial orientation of said coils of said resonant circuits. 7. The implant according to claim 4, wherein the implant is formed as an intraluminal endoprosthesis experiencing endothelialization, and at least one of the endothelialization, blood parameters or active substance concentrations in at least one of the blood or tissue are measured as the body parameter. 8. The implant according to claim 7, wherein the intraluminal endoprosthesis is as a stent. 9. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are distributed over a periphery of the implant and are disposed in series. 10. The implant according to claim 7, wherein said at least two resonant circuits are electrically and physically separated from one another with respect to a longitudinal axis of the implant. | 3,700 |
343,915 | 16,803,325 | 3,729 | A compound social network site can manage complex organizational entities, such as businesses, via a compound social network graph. Nodes of the compound social network graph are connected by compound edges which correspond to multiple tiers of profile data of the organizational entities. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a network platform, a plurality of graduated datasets uploaded by a plurality of client devices corresponding to nodes in a compound social network graph database managed by the network platform, the graduated datasets comprising sequentially exposed sets of data including an initial dataset and an elevated dataset, connections between nodes in the compound social network graph database being created upon exposing and approval of initial datasets uploaded by potential connecting users followed by exposing and approval of elevated datasets uploaded by the potential connecting users, the elevated dataset not being exposed until approval for the initial dataset is received by the network platform; receiving, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a request to create a compound connection in the compound social network graph database with a second client device using the sequentially exposed sets of data of the graduated datasets; causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first initial dataset uploaded by the first client device; causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second initial dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first elevated dataset uploaded by the first client device; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second elevated dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset; and in response to receiving the approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset, generating a compound connection in the compound social network graph database between a first node corresponding to the first client device and a second node corresponding the second client device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving changes to the first elevated dataset; and in response to the changes, automatically modifying the compound connection between the first node and the second node. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein in response to the changes to the first elevated dataset, the compound connection is terminated such that the second elevated dataset is no longer accessible to the first client device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of graduated datasets comprises a plurality of parameter fields, each parameter field having metadata assigning the parameter field to the initial dataset or the elevated dataset. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each user specifies individual parameter fields to be answered in the initial dataset and the elevated dataset. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first elevated dataset of the first client device comprises question parameter fields specified by the second client device and answered by the first client device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second elevated dataset of the second client device comprises question parameter fields specified by the first client device and answered by the second client device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound social graph database includes compound connections created by different graduated datasets comprising different answers in the initial dataset and different answers in the elevated dataset. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the nodes are organization nodes having multiple user accounts, wherein the first node is a first organization node having a first set of user accounts and the second node is a second organization node comprising a second set of user accounts 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first client device corresponds to one of the first set of user accounts and the second client device corresponds to one of the second set of user accounts. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the multiple user accounts includes preconfigured authorization to connect to other organization nodes managed by the network platform. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the multiple user accounts has an assigned role within a corresponding organization of an organization node. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the elevated dataset is only approvable by one or more pre-configured assigned roles. 14. A system comprising:
one or more processors of a machine; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a network platform, a plurality of graduated datasets uploaded by a plurality of client devices corresponding to nodes in a compound social network graph database managed by the network platform, the graduated datasets comprising sequentially exposed sets of data including an initial dataset and an elevated dataset, connections between nodes in the compound social network graph database being created upon exposing and approval of initial datasets uploaded by potential connecting users followed by exposing and approval of elevated datasets uploaded by the potential connecting users, the elevated dataset not being exposed until approval for the initial dataset is received by the network platform;
receiving, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a request to create a compound connection in the compound social network graph database with a second client device using the sequentially exposed sets of data of the graduated datasets;
causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first initial dataset uploaded by the first client device;
causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second initial dataset uploaded by the second client device;
receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset;
in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first elevated dataset uploaded by the first client device;
in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second elevated dataset uploaded by the second client device;
receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset; and
in response to receiving the approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset, generating a compound connection in the compound social network graph database between a first node corresponding to the first client device and a second node corresponding the second client device. 15. The system of claim 14, the operations further comprising:
receiving changes to the first elevated dataset; and in response to the changes, automatically modifying the compound connection between the first node and the second node. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein in response to the changes to the first elevated dataset, the compound connection is terminated such that the second elevated dataset is no longer accessible to the first client device. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of graduated datasets comprises a plurality of parameter fields, each parameter field having metadata assigning the parameter field to the initial dataset or the elevated dataset. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein each user specifies individual parameter fields to be answered in the initial dataset and the elevated dataset. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first elevated dataset of the first client device comprises question parameter fields specified by the second client device and answered by the first client device. 20. A machine storage medium embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a network platform, a plurality of graduated datasets uploaded by a plurality of client devices corresponding to nodes in a compound social network graph database managed by the network platform, the graduated datasets comprising sequentially exposed sets of data including an initial dataset and an elevated dataset, connections between nodes in the compound social network graph database being created upon exposing and approval of initial datasets uploaded by potential connecting users followed by exposing and approval of elevated datasets uploaded by the potential connecting users, the elevated dataset not being exposed until approval for the initial dataset is received by the network platform; receiving, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a request to create a compound connection in the compound social network graph database with a second client device using the sequentially exposed sets of data of the graduated datasets; causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first initial dataset uploaded by the first client device; causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second initial dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first elevated dataset uploaded by the first client device; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second elevated dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset; and in response to receiving the approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset, generating a compound connection in the compound social network graph database between a first node corresponding to the first client device and a second node corresponding the second client device. | A compound social network site can manage complex organizational entities, such as businesses, via a compound social network graph. Nodes of the compound social network graph are connected by compound edges which correspond to multiple tiers of profile data of the organizational entities.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a network platform, a plurality of graduated datasets uploaded by a plurality of client devices corresponding to nodes in a compound social network graph database managed by the network platform, the graduated datasets comprising sequentially exposed sets of data including an initial dataset and an elevated dataset, connections between nodes in the compound social network graph database being created upon exposing and approval of initial datasets uploaded by potential connecting users followed by exposing and approval of elevated datasets uploaded by the potential connecting users, the elevated dataset not being exposed until approval for the initial dataset is received by the network platform; receiving, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a request to create a compound connection in the compound social network graph database with a second client device using the sequentially exposed sets of data of the graduated datasets; causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first initial dataset uploaded by the first client device; causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second initial dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first elevated dataset uploaded by the first client device; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second elevated dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset; and in response to receiving the approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset, generating a compound connection in the compound social network graph database between a first node corresponding to the first client device and a second node corresponding the second client device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving changes to the first elevated dataset; and in response to the changes, automatically modifying the compound connection between the first node and the second node. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein in response to the changes to the first elevated dataset, the compound connection is terminated such that the second elevated dataset is no longer accessible to the first client device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of graduated datasets comprises a plurality of parameter fields, each parameter field having metadata assigning the parameter field to the initial dataset or the elevated dataset. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each user specifies individual parameter fields to be answered in the initial dataset and the elevated dataset. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first elevated dataset of the first client device comprises question parameter fields specified by the second client device and answered by the first client device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second elevated dataset of the second client device comprises question parameter fields specified by the first client device and answered by the second client device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound social graph database includes compound connections created by different graduated datasets comprising different answers in the initial dataset and different answers in the elevated dataset. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the nodes are organization nodes having multiple user accounts, wherein the first node is a first organization node having a first set of user accounts and the second node is a second organization node comprising a second set of user accounts 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first client device corresponds to one of the first set of user accounts and the second client device corresponds to one of the second set of user accounts. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the multiple user accounts includes preconfigured authorization to connect to other organization nodes managed by the network platform. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the multiple user accounts has an assigned role within a corresponding organization of an organization node. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the elevated dataset is only approvable by one or more pre-configured assigned roles. 14. A system comprising:
one or more processors of a machine; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a network platform, a plurality of graduated datasets uploaded by a plurality of client devices corresponding to nodes in a compound social network graph database managed by the network platform, the graduated datasets comprising sequentially exposed sets of data including an initial dataset and an elevated dataset, connections between nodes in the compound social network graph database being created upon exposing and approval of initial datasets uploaded by potential connecting users followed by exposing and approval of elevated datasets uploaded by the potential connecting users, the elevated dataset not being exposed until approval for the initial dataset is received by the network platform;
receiving, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a request to create a compound connection in the compound social network graph database with a second client device using the sequentially exposed sets of data of the graduated datasets;
causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first initial dataset uploaded by the first client device;
causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second initial dataset uploaded by the second client device;
receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset;
in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first elevated dataset uploaded by the first client device;
in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second elevated dataset uploaded by the second client device;
receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset; and
in response to receiving the approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset, generating a compound connection in the compound social network graph database between a first node corresponding to the first client device and a second node corresponding the second client device. 15. The system of claim 14, the operations further comprising:
receiving changes to the first elevated dataset; and in response to the changes, automatically modifying the compound connection between the first node and the second node. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein in response to the changes to the first elevated dataset, the compound connection is terminated such that the second elevated dataset is no longer accessible to the first client device. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of graduated datasets comprises a plurality of parameter fields, each parameter field having metadata assigning the parameter field to the initial dataset or the elevated dataset. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein each user specifies individual parameter fields to be answered in the initial dataset and the elevated dataset. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first elevated dataset of the first client device comprises question parameter fields specified by the second client device and answered by the first client device. 20. A machine storage medium embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a network platform, a plurality of graduated datasets uploaded by a plurality of client devices corresponding to nodes in a compound social network graph database managed by the network platform, the graduated datasets comprising sequentially exposed sets of data including an initial dataset and an elevated dataset, connections between nodes in the compound social network graph database being created upon exposing and approval of initial datasets uploaded by potential connecting users followed by exposing and approval of elevated datasets uploaded by the potential connecting users, the elevated dataset not being exposed until approval for the initial dataset is received by the network platform; receiving, from a first client device of the plurality of client devices, a request to create a compound connection in the compound social network graph database with a second client device using the sequentially exposed sets of data of the graduated datasets; causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first initial dataset uploaded by the first client device; causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second initial dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the second client device, presentation of a first elevated dataset uploaded by the first client device; in response to receiving approvals of the first initial dataset and the second initial dataset, causing, on the first client device, presentation of a second elevated dataset uploaded by the second client device; receiving, from the first client device and the second client device, approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset; and in response to receiving the approvals of the first elevated dataset and the second elevated dataset, generating a compound connection in the compound social network graph database between a first node corresponding to the first client device and a second node corresponding the second client device. | 3,700 |
343,916 | 16,803,364 | 3,729 | An image processing apparatus includes a first control unit, configured to determine first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image. The first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image. The image processing apparatus further includes a first pre-selection unit, configured to select a first input data corresponding to the first control information from the source image; a plurality of buffers, configured to cache the first input data; and a first filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers to generate the target image. The quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to the quantity of taps of the first filter. | 1. An image processing apparatus, comprising:
a first control unit, configured to determine first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image, wherein the first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image; a first pre-selection unit, configured to select, from the source image, a first input data corresponding to the first control information; a plurality of buffers, configured to cache the first input data; and a first filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers to generate the target image, wherein:
a quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to a quantity of taps of the first filter. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to 2 times the quantity of the taps of the first filter; the first pre-selection unit is further configured to select, from the source image, a second input data corresponding to the first control information; and the plurality of buffers is also configured to cache the second input data when the first filter processes the first input data. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, further including:
a first selector, configured to store the first input data in a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and a second selector, configured to select data stored in the selected buffer, and input the selected data into the first filter. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:
the selected buffer includes a pixel register, wherein the pixel register is configured to store, according to the first control information, a portion or all of pixels stored in the selected buffer. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
the second selector is configured to input a pixel selected from the pixels stored in the pixel register into the first filter. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the first control unit is configured to determine the first control information and the first interpolation coefficient for a row in the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the first control information represents an approximate row in the source image to which the row in the target image makes the correspondence; and the image processing apparatus further includes:
a second control unit, configured to determine second control information and a second interpolation coefficient for a pixel in the row of the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the second control information represents an approximate pixel in the source image to which the pixel in the row of the target image makes the correspondence;
a second pre-selection unit, configured to select, from data stored in the plurality of buffers, a third input data corresponding to the second control information, and store the third input data in a pixel register of the plurality of buffers; and
a second filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register to generate the target image. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the second filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and the first filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the second filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and the first filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, further including:
a third selector, configured to store the first input data in a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and a fourth selector, configured to select a pixel stored in the pixel register, and input the selected pixel into the first filer or the second filter. 10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit is a digital differential analyzer (DDA). 11. An image processing circuit, comprising:
an output module; and an image processing apparatus, including:
a first control unit, configured to determine first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image, wherein the first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image;
a first pre-selection unit, configured to select, from the source image, a first input data corresponding to the first control information;
a plurality of buffers, configured to cache the first input data; and
a first filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers to generate the target image, wherein:
a quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to a quantity of taps of the first filter,
wherein the output module is configured to output the target image generated by the image processing apparatus. 12. An image processing method, comprising:
determining first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image, wherein the first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image; selecting, from the source image, a first input data corresponding to the first control information, and storing the first input data in a plurality of buffers; and using a first filter to perform interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers, to generate the target image, wherein:
a quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to a quantity of taps of the first filter. 13. The image processing method according to claim 12, wherein:
the quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to 2 times the quantity of the taps of the first filter; and the image processing method further includes:
selecting, from the source image, a second input data corresponding to the first control information; and
storing the second input data in the plurality of buffers, when the first filter processes the first input data. 14. The image processing method according to claim 12, wherein:
the storing the first input data in the plurality of buffers includes storing the first input data in a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and the image processing method further includes:
selecting data stored in the selected buffer, and inputting the selected data into the first filter. 15. The image processing method according to claim 14, wherein:
the selected buffer includes a pixel register, wherein the pixel register is configured to store, according to the first control information, a portion or all of pixels stored in the selected buffer. 16. The image processing method according to claim 15, wherein the selecting the data stored in the selected buffer and inputting the selected data into the first filter includes:
inputting a pixel selected from the pixels stored in the pixel register into the first filter. 17. The image processing method according to claim 12, wherein:
the determining the first control information and the first interpolation coefficient for the to-be-generated target image to make the correspondence to the source image includes:
determining the first control information and the first interpolation coefficient for a row in the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the first control information represents an approximate row in the source image to which the row in the target image makes the correspondence;
the image processing method further includes:
determining second control information and a second interpolation coefficient for a pixel in the row of the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the second control information represents an approximate pixel in the source image to which the pixel in the row of the target image makes the correspondence; and
selecting, from data stored in the plurality of buffers, a third input data corresponding to the second control information, and storing the third input data in a pixel register of the plurality of buffers; and
the using the first filter to perform the interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers, to generate the target image includes:
using a second filter and combining the first filter to perform interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register, to generate the target image. 18. The image processing method according to claim 17, wherein the using the second filter and combining the first filter to perform the interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register, to generate the target image includes:
using the second filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and using the first filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 19. The image processing method according to claim 17, wherein the using the second filter and combining the first filter to perform the interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register, to generate the target image includes:
using the second filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and using the first filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 20. The image processing method according to claim 17, wherein:
the storing the first input data into the plurality of buffers includes storing the first input data into a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and the image processing method further includes:
selecting a pixel stored in the pixel register, and inputting the selected pixel into the first filter or the second filter. | An image processing apparatus includes a first control unit, configured to determine first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image. The first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image. The image processing apparatus further includes a first pre-selection unit, configured to select a first input data corresponding to the first control information from the source image; a plurality of buffers, configured to cache the first input data; and a first filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers to generate the target image. The quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to the quantity of taps of the first filter.1. An image processing apparatus, comprising:
a first control unit, configured to determine first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image, wherein the first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image; a first pre-selection unit, configured to select, from the source image, a first input data corresponding to the first control information; a plurality of buffers, configured to cache the first input data; and a first filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers to generate the target image, wherein:
a quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to a quantity of taps of the first filter. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to 2 times the quantity of the taps of the first filter; the first pre-selection unit is further configured to select, from the source image, a second input data corresponding to the first control information; and the plurality of buffers is also configured to cache the second input data when the first filter processes the first input data. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, further including:
a first selector, configured to store the first input data in a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and a second selector, configured to select data stored in the selected buffer, and input the selected data into the first filter. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:
the selected buffer includes a pixel register, wherein the pixel register is configured to store, according to the first control information, a portion or all of pixels stored in the selected buffer. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
the second selector is configured to input a pixel selected from the pixels stored in the pixel register into the first filter. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the first control unit is configured to determine the first control information and the first interpolation coefficient for a row in the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the first control information represents an approximate row in the source image to which the row in the target image makes the correspondence; and the image processing apparatus further includes:
a second control unit, configured to determine second control information and a second interpolation coefficient for a pixel in the row of the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the second control information represents an approximate pixel in the source image to which the pixel in the row of the target image makes the correspondence;
a second pre-selection unit, configured to select, from data stored in the plurality of buffers, a third input data corresponding to the second control information, and store the third input data in a pixel register of the plurality of buffers; and
a second filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register to generate the target image. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the second filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and the first filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the second filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and the first filter is configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, further including:
a third selector, configured to store the first input data in a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and a fourth selector, configured to select a pixel stored in the pixel register, and input the selected pixel into the first filer or the second filter. 10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first control unit is a digital differential analyzer (DDA). 11. An image processing circuit, comprising:
an output module; and an image processing apparatus, including:
a first control unit, configured to determine first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image, wherein the first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image;
a first pre-selection unit, configured to select, from the source image, a first input data corresponding to the first control information;
a plurality of buffers, configured to cache the first input data; and
a first filter, configured to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers to generate the target image, wherein:
a quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to a quantity of taps of the first filter,
wherein the output module is configured to output the target image generated by the image processing apparatus. 12. An image processing method, comprising:
determining first control information and a first interpolation coefficient for a to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to a source image, wherein the first control information represents data in the source image that are used to generate the target image; selecting, from the source image, a first input data corresponding to the first control information, and storing the first input data in a plurality of buffers; and using a first filter to perform interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers, to generate the target image, wherein:
a quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to a quantity of taps of the first filter. 13. The image processing method according to claim 12, wherein:
the quantity of the plurality of buffers is greater than or equal to 2 times the quantity of the taps of the first filter; and the image processing method further includes:
selecting, from the source image, a second input data corresponding to the first control information; and
storing the second input data in the plurality of buffers, when the first filter processes the first input data. 14. The image processing method according to claim 12, wherein:
the storing the first input data in the plurality of buffers includes storing the first input data in a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and the image processing method further includes:
selecting data stored in the selected buffer, and inputting the selected data into the first filter. 15. The image processing method according to claim 14, wherein:
the selected buffer includes a pixel register, wherein the pixel register is configured to store, according to the first control information, a portion or all of pixels stored in the selected buffer. 16. The image processing method according to claim 15, wherein the selecting the data stored in the selected buffer and inputting the selected data into the first filter includes:
inputting a pixel selected from the pixels stored in the pixel register into the first filter. 17. The image processing method according to claim 12, wherein:
the determining the first control information and the first interpolation coefficient for the to-be-generated target image to make the correspondence to the source image includes:
determining the first control information and the first interpolation coefficient for a row in the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the first control information represents an approximate row in the source image to which the row in the target image makes the correspondence;
the image processing method further includes:
determining second control information and a second interpolation coefficient for a pixel in the row of the to-be-generated target image to make a correspondence to the source image, wherein the second control information represents an approximate pixel in the source image to which the pixel in the row of the target image makes the correspondence; and
selecting, from data stored in the plurality of buffers, a third input data corresponding to the second control information, and storing the third input data in a pixel register of the plurality of buffers; and
the using the first filter to perform the interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient and the first input data stored in the plurality of buffers, to generate the target image includes:
using a second filter and combining the first filter to perform interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register, to generate the target image. 18. The image processing method according to claim 17, wherein the using the second filter and combining the first filter to perform the interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register, to generate the target image includes:
using the second filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and using the first filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 19. The image processing method according to claim 17, wherein the using the second filter and combining the first filter to perform the interpolation calculation, based on the first interpolation coefficient, the second interpolation coefficient, and the data stored in the pixel register, to generate the target image includes:
using the second filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the first interpolation coefficient and the data stored in the pixel register to obtain an intermediate result; and using the first filter to perform interpolation calculation based on the second interpolation coefficient and the intermediate result to generate the target image. 20. The image processing method according to claim 17, wherein:
the storing the first input data into the plurality of buffers includes storing the first input data into a buffer selected from the plurality of buffers; and the image processing method further includes:
selecting a pixel stored in the pixel register, and inputting the selected pixel into the first filter or the second filter. | 3,700 |
343,917 | 16,803,382 | 3,729 | An example method includes receiving, by one or more processors and via a sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of a device included in an aircraft; determining, by the one or more processors and based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value; receiving, by the one or more processors and via an environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the device; modifying, by the one or more processors and based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, outputting an alert signal for the device. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors and via a sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of a device included in an aircraft; determining, by the one or more processors and based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value; receiving, by the one or more processors and via an environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the device; modifying, by the one or more processors and based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, outputting an alert signal for the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the partial discharge intensity value further comprises modifying the partial discharge intensity value based on at least one equipment usage factor. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one equipment usage factor includes one or more of a direct current (DC) line voltage, an average conductor coil current, and a winding temperature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one environmental measurement comprises one or more of a relative humidity and an air pressure. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the device included in the aircraft includes a conductor driven with a variable frequency current. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a resistance temperature sensor, a high frequency current transformer, a common mode high frequency current transformer, a voltage derivative sensor, and a Y capacitor. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the modified partial discharge intensity value comprises determining a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values that each correspond to a different time during a time period, wherein determining whether the modified partial discharge value satisfies the threshold comprises determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold comprises determining whether a rate of change of the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a threshold rate of change. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values comprises a first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a first time period, the method further comprising:
determining, based on a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a second time period that is before the first time period, a baseline modified partial discharge intensity value, wherein determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold comprises determining whether an average of the first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a scaled version of the baseline modified partial discharge intensity value. 10. A system comprising:
a device included in an aircraft; an environmental sensor; a sensor; and one or more processors configured to:
receive, via the sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of a device included in an aircraft;
determine, based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value;
receive, via the environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the device;
modify, based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and
responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, output an alert signal for the device. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein modifying the partial discharge intensity value further comprises modifying the partial discharge intensity value based on at least one equipment usage factor. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a resistance temperature sensor, a high frequency current transformer, a common mode high frequency current transformer, a voltage derivative sensor, and a Y capacitor, and
wherein the at least one equipment usage factor includes one or more of a direct current (DC) line voltage, an average conductor coil current, and a winding temperature. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one environmental measurement comprises one or more of a relative humidity and an air pressure. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the modified partial discharge intensity value comprises determining a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values that each correspond to a different time during a time period, wherein determining whether the modified partial discharge value satisfies the threshold comprises at least one of determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold and determining whether a rate of change of the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a threshold rate of change. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values comprises a first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a first time period, the one or more processors further configured to:
determine, based on a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a second time period that is before the first time period, a baseline modified partial discharge intensity value, wherein determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold comprises determining whether an average of the first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a scaled version of the baseline modified partial discharge intensity value. 16. A variable frequency drive system comprising:
an electric machine; one or more conductor coils; an environmental sensor; a sensor; and at least variable frequency drive configured to provide electrical power to the electric machine, the at least variable frequency drive comprising:
at least one high voltage terminal; and
at least one processor configured to:
receive, via the sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of the variable frequency drive system;
determine, based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value;
receive, via the environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the variable frequency drive system;
modify, based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and
responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, output an alert signal for the device. 17. The variable frequency drive system of claim 16, wherein modifying the partial discharge intensity value further comprises modifying the partial discharge intensity value based on at least one equipment usage factor. 18. The variable frequency drive system of claim 17, wherein the at least one environmental measurement comprises one or more of a relative humidity and an air pressure. 19. The variable frequency drive system of claim 18, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a resistance temperature sensor, a high frequency current transformer, a common mode high frequency current transformer, a voltage derivative sensor, and a Y capacitor, and
wherein the at least one equipment usage factor includes one or more of a direct current (DC) line voltage, an average conductor coil current, and a winding temperature. 20. The variable frequency drive system of claim 16, wherein determining the modified partial discharge intensity value comprises determining a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values that each correspond to a different time during a time period, wherein determining whether the modified partial discharge value satisfies the threshold comprises at least one of determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold and determining whether a rate of change of the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a threshold rate of change. | An example method includes receiving, by one or more processors and via a sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of a device included in an aircraft; determining, by the one or more processors and based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value; receiving, by the one or more processors and via an environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the device; modifying, by the one or more processors and based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, outputting an alert signal for the device.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors and via a sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of a device included in an aircraft; determining, by the one or more processors and based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value; receiving, by the one or more processors and via an environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the device; modifying, by the one or more processors and based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, outputting an alert signal for the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the partial discharge intensity value further comprises modifying the partial discharge intensity value based on at least one equipment usage factor. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one equipment usage factor includes one or more of a direct current (DC) line voltage, an average conductor coil current, and a winding temperature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one environmental measurement comprises one or more of a relative humidity and an air pressure. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the device included in the aircraft includes a conductor driven with a variable frequency current. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a resistance temperature sensor, a high frequency current transformer, a common mode high frequency current transformer, a voltage derivative sensor, and a Y capacitor. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the modified partial discharge intensity value comprises determining a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values that each correspond to a different time during a time period, wherein determining whether the modified partial discharge value satisfies the threshold comprises determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold comprises determining whether a rate of change of the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a threshold rate of change. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values comprises a first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a first time period, the method further comprising:
determining, based on a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a second time period that is before the first time period, a baseline modified partial discharge intensity value, wherein determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold comprises determining whether an average of the first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a scaled version of the baseline modified partial discharge intensity value. 10. A system comprising:
a device included in an aircraft; an environmental sensor; a sensor; and one or more processors configured to:
receive, via the sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of a device included in an aircraft;
determine, based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value;
receive, via the environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the device;
modify, based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and
responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, output an alert signal for the device. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein modifying the partial discharge intensity value further comprises modifying the partial discharge intensity value based on at least one equipment usage factor. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a resistance temperature sensor, a high frequency current transformer, a common mode high frequency current transformer, a voltage derivative sensor, and a Y capacitor, and
wherein the at least one equipment usage factor includes one or more of a direct current (DC) line voltage, an average conductor coil current, and a winding temperature. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one environmental measurement comprises one or more of a relative humidity and an air pressure. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the modified partial discharge intensity value comprises determining a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values that each correspond to a different time during a time period, wherein determining whether the modified partial discharge value satisfies the threshold comprises at least one of determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold and determining whether a rate of change of the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a threshold rate of change. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values comprises a first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a first time period, the one or more processors further configured to:
determine, based on a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values for a second time period that is before the first time period, a baseline modified partial discharge intensity value, wherein determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold comprises determining whether an average of the first plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a scaled version of the baseline modified partial discharge intensity value. 16. A variable frequency drive system comprising:
an electric machine; one or more conductor coils; an environmental sensor; a sensor; and at least variable frequency drive configured to provide electrical power to the electric machine, the at least variable frequency drive comprising:
at least one high voltage terminal; and
at least one processor configured to:
receive, via the sensor, a signal representing operational characteristics of the variable frequency drive system;
determine, based on the signal, a partial discharge intensity value;
receive, via the environmental sensor, at least one environmental measurement of the variable frequency drive system;
modify, based on the at least one environmental measurement, the partial discharge intensity value to determine a modified partial discharge intensity value; and
responsive to determining that the modified partial discharge intensity value satisfies a threshold, output an alert signal for the device. 17. The variable frequency drive system of claim 16, wherein modifying the partial discharge intensity value further comprises modifying the partial discharge intensity value based on at least one equipment usage factor. 18. The variable frequency drive system of claim 17, wherein the at least one environmental measurement comprises one or more of a relative humidity and an air pressure. 19. The variable frequency drive system of claim 18, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a resistance temperature sensor, a high frequency current transformer, a common mode high frequency current transformer, a voltage derivative sensor, and a Y capacitor, and
wherein the at least one equipment usage factor includes one or more of a direct current (DC) line voltage, an average conductor coil current, and a winding temperature. 20. The variable frequency drive system of claim 16, wherein determining the modified partial discharge intensity value comprises determining a plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values that each correspond to a different time during a time period, wherein determining whether the modified partial discharge value satisfies the threshold comprises at least one of determining whether the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values satisfy the threshold and determining whether a rate of change of the plurality of modified partial discharge intensity values is greater than a threshold rate of change. | 3,700 |
343,918 | 16,803,396 | 2,184 | A computing system includes a computer executing an emulated operating system, the emulated operating system including a multichannel control unit; a plurality of virtual drives accessible to the emulated operating system; and a communication channel, the communication channel connecting the multichannel control unit and the virtual drives through one or more virtual channels. The multichannel control unit sends a first data access request to a virtual drive through the first virtual channel of the communication channel, the multichannel control unit sends a second data access request to a virtual drive through the second virtual channel of the communication channel. | 1. A computing system, comprising
a computer executing an emulated operating system, the emulated operating system including a multichannel control unit; a first virtual drive accessible to the emulated operating system; a second virtual drive accessible to the emulated operating system; and a physical communication channel, wherein a first set of virtual channels and a second set of virtual channels are established over the physical communication channel, the physical communication channel connects the multichannel control unit to the first virtual drive through the first set of virtual channels, and the physical communication channel connects the multichannel control unit to the second virtual drive via the second set of virtual channels, wherein the multichannel control unit sends a first set of multiple data requests to the first virtual drive through the first set of virtual channels, the multichannel control unit sends a second set of multiple data requests to the second virtual drive through the second set of virtual drives. 2. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the first virtual drive has a response latency, the response latency is a time period between a data access request is sent to the first virtual drive via a virtual channel and data requested is received from the first virtual drive. 3. The computing system according to claim 2, wherein
a time gap between a first data access request and a second data access request being sent is shorter than the response latency. 4. The computing system according to claim 3, wherein
the multichannel control unit receives the first data access request from a first client device, the multichannel control unit receives the second data access request from the second client device. 5. The computing system according to claim 1, the multichannel control unit comprising a queue, wherein the queue processes data access requests on a first-in first-out basis. 6. The computing system according to claim 1, the multichannel control unit comprising a queue, wherein the que processes data access requests based on a priority level designated for each data access request. 7. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the first data access request arrives at a queue of the multichannel control unit earlier than the second data access request, the first data request is processed earlier than the second data access request. 8. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the first data access request has a higher data access priority over the second data access request, the first data access request is processed earlier than the second data access request. 9. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the first data access request has a same data access priority over the second data access request, the first data access request arrives at a queue earlier than the second data access request, the first data access request is processed earlier than the second data access request. 10. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the multichannel control unit creates a first file handle for the first request, the file handle includes a metadata portion and a received data portion. 11. A computing system, comprising
a processor, a machine readable memory accessible by the processor, a communication channel connecting the computing system with the a plurality of virtual drives (VDs) via a plurality of virtual channels, wherein the machine readable memory stores instructions when executed cause the processor to perform following actions:
receiving a first request to access, via a virtual channel, a VD of an emulated machine;
creating a file handle for the first request;
putting the first request in a queue;
sending the first request to a VD through the first virtual channel of the communication channel;
sending a second request to a VD designated by the second request through the second virtual channel of the communication channel, wherein the VD has a response latency;
wherein an interval between sending the first request and the second request is shorter than the response latency. 12. The computing system according to claim 11, wherein the first request includes first identifier of the VD, a first file indicator, and an action indicator. 13. The computing system according to claim 12, including
creating a file handle for the first request, the file handle including a physical partition reserved for receiving data from the first VD. 14. The computing system according to claim 13,
the file handle including a metadata portion, the metadata portion including the first identifier of the VD, or the first file indicator, or the action indicator. 15. The computing system according to claim 11, wherein the first request is sent before the second request, if the first request arrives at the queue before the second request. 16. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the second request is sent before the first request, if the second request has a data access priority higher than the first request, regardless of whether the first request arrived at the queue earlier than the second request. 17. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the second request is sent before the first request, if the second request has a same data access priority as the first request and the second request arrived at the que earlier than the first request. 18. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the first request is received by the computing system from a client device. 19. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the first request includes a key unique to the first VD. 20. The computing system according to claim 19, wherein a communication between the computing system and the first VD is encrypted with the key. | A computing system includes a computer executing an emulated operating system, the emulated operating system including a multichannel control unit; a plurality of virtual drives accessible to the emulated operating system; and a communication channel, the communication channel connecting the multichannel control unit and the virtual drives through one or more virtual channels. The multichannel control unit sends a first data access request to a virtual drive through the first virtual channel of the communication channel, the multichannel control unit sends a second data access request to a virtual drive through the second virtual channel of the communication channel.1. A computing system, comprising
a computer executing an emulated operating system, the emulated operating system including a multichannel control unit; a first virtual drive accessible to the emulated operating system; a second virtual drive accessible to the emulated operating system; and a physical communication channel, wherein a first set of virtual channels and a second set of virtual channels are established over the physical communication channel, the physical communication channel connects the multichannel control unit to the first virtual drive through the first set of virtual channels, and the physical communication channel connects the multichannel control unit to the second virtual drive via the second set of virtual channels, wherein the multichannel control unit sends a first set of multiple data requests to the first virtual drive through the first set of virtual channels, the multichannel control unit sends a second set of multiple data requests to the second virtual drive through the second set of virtual drives. 2. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the first virtual drive has a response latency, the response latency is a time period between a data access request is sent to the first virtual drive via a virtual channel and data requested is received from the first virtual drive. 3. The computing system according to claim 2, wherein
a time gap between a first data access request and a second data access request being sent is shorter than the response latency. 4. The computing system according to claim 3, wherein
the multichannel control unit receives the first data access request from a first client device, the multichannel control unit receives the second data access request from the second client device. 5. The computing system according to claim 1, the multichannel control unit comprising a queue, wherein the queue processes data access requests on a first-in first-out basis. 6. The computing system according to claim 1, the multichannel control unit comprising a queue, wherein the que processes data access requests based on a priority level designated for each data access request. 7. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the first data access request arrives at a queue of the multichannel control unit earlier than the second data access request, the first data request is processed earlier than the second data access request. 8. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the first data access request has a higher data access priority over the second data access request, the first data access request is processed earlier than the second data access request. 9. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the first data access request has a same data access priority over the second data access request, the first data access request arrives at a queue earlier than the second data access request, the first data access request is processed earlier than the second data access request. 10. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein
the multichannel control unit creates a first file handle for the first request, the file handle includes a metadata portion and a received data portion. 11. A computing system, comprising
a processor, a machine readable memory accessible by the processor, a communication channel connecting the computing system with the a plurality of virtual drives (VDs) via a plurality of virtual channels, wherein the machine readable memory stores instructions when executed cause the processor to perform following actions:
receiving a first request to access, via a virtual channel, a VD of an emulated machine;
creating a file handle for the first request;
putting the first request in a queue;
sending the first request to a VD through the first virtual channel of the communication channel;
sending a second request to a VD designated by the second request through the second virtual channel of the communication channel, wherein the VD has a response latency;
wherein an interval between sending the first request and the second request is shorter than the response latency. 12. The computing system according to claim 11, wherein the first request includes first identifier of the VD, a first file indicator, and an action indicator. 13. The computing system according to claim 12, including
creating a file handle for the first request, the file handle including a physical partition reserved for receiving data from the first VD. 14. The computing system according to claim 13,
the file handle including a metadata portion, the metadata portion including the first identifier of the VD, or the first file indicator, or the action indicator. 15. The computing system according to claim 11, wherein the first request is sent before the second request, if the first request arrives at the queue before the second request. 16. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the second request is sent before the first request, if the second request has a data access priority higher than the first request, regardless of whether the first request arrived at the queue earlier than the second request. 17. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the second request is sent before the first request, if the second request has a same data access priority as the first request and the second request arrived at the que earlier than the first request. 18. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the first request is received by the computing system from a client device. 19. The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the first request includes a key unique to the first VD. 20. The computing system according to claim 19, wherein a communication between the computing system and the first VD is encrypted with the key. | 2,100 |
343,919 | 16,803,385 | 2,184 | Systems and methods for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data are provided. In some aspects, a method includes receiving anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory of a user or object, and assembling, based on the anonymized data, a state-space model. The method also includes executing a prediction algorithm, based on the state-space model, to generate predicted data from the anonymized data, and reconstructing the trajectory of the user or object using the predicted data. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the trajectory. | 1. A method for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data, the method comprising:
receiving anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory traversed by a user or object; assembling a state-space model having internal states that represent geographical coordinates of the trajectory; for a selected trajectory segment associated with the anonymized data, predicting future locations of the user or object using the state-space model and particle filtering; reconstructing the trajectory using the future locations; and generating a report indicative of the trajectory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises generating the anonymized data by dividing the trajectory into trajectory segments separated by one or more predefined gaps. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises randomly initializing a set of particles corresponding to the selected trajectory segment. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises assigning initial weights to the set of particles. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises applying a transition to the set of particles, wherein the transition is represented by a linear model or a non-linear model. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises using the anonymized data to generate probability scores, wherein each probability score corresponding to a likelihood of transition between different trajectory segments. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
a. updating the weights of the set of particles; b. resampling the set of particles based on the updated weights to generate a set of resampled particles; c. predicting a future location at a future time point using the set of resampled particles; d. repeating steps a)-d) to predict the future locations of the user or object. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises applying a Sequential Importance Resampling (SIR) in predicting the future locations of the user or object. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises reconstructing the trajectory by linking together at least two trajectory segments based on scores and durations of the segment trajectories. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises characterizing, based on the trajectory, an anonymization technique used to generate the anonymized data. 11. A system for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions causing the system to:
receive anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory traversed by a user or object;
assemble a state-space model having internal states that represent geographical coordinates of the trajectory;
for a selected trajectory segment associated with the anonymized data, predict future locations of the user or object using the state-space model and particle filtering;
reconstruct the trajectory using the future locations; and
generate a report indicative of the trajectory; and
a display for providing the report. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to generate the anonymized data by dividing the trajectory into trajectory segments separated by one or more predefined gaps. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to randomly initialize a set of particles corresponding to the selected trajectory segment. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions further cause the system to assign initial weights to the set of particles. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions further cause the system to apply a transition to the set of particles, wherein the transition is represented by a linear model or a non-linear model. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions further cause the system to use the anonymized data to generate probability scores, wherein each probability score corresponding to a likelihood of transition between different trajectory segments. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
a. updating the weights of the set of particles; b. resampling the set of particles based on the updated weights to generate a set of resampled particles; c. predicting a future location at a future time point using the set of resampled particles; d. repeating steps a)-d) to predict the future locations of the user or object. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the system to apply a Sequential Importance Resampling (SIR) in predicting the future locations of the user or object. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to reconstruct the trajectory by linking together at least two trajectory segments based on scores and durations of the segment trajectories. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data, carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform steps to:
receive anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory traversed by a user or object; assemble a state-space model having internal states that represent geographical coordinates of the trajectory; for a selected trajectory segment associated with the anonymized data, predict future locations of the user or object using the state-space model and particle filtering; reconstruct the trajectory using the future locations; and generate a report indicative of the trajectory. | Systems and methods for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data are provided. In some aspects, a method includes receiving anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory of a user or object, and assembling, based on the anonymized data, a state-space model. The method also includes executing a prediction algorithm, based on the state-space model, to generate predicted data from the anonymized data, and reconstructing the trajectory of the user or object using the predicted data. The method further includes generating a report indicative of the trajectory.1. A method for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data, the method comprising:
receiving anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory traversed by a user or object; assembling a state-space model having internal states that represent geographical coordinates of the trajectory; for a selected trajectory segment associated with the anonymized data, predicting future locations of the user or object using the state-space model and particle filtering; reconstructing the trajectory using the future locations; and generating a report indicative of the trajectory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises generating the anonymized data by dividing the trajectory into trajectory segments separated by one or more predefined gaps. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises randomly initializing a set of particles corresponding to the selected trajectory segment. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises assigning initial weights to the set of particles. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises applying a transition to the set of particles, wherein the transition is represented by a linear model or a non-linear model. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises using the anonymized data to generate probability scores, wherein each probability score corresponding to a likelihood of transition between different trajectory segments. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
a. updating the weights of the set of particles; b. resampling the set of particles based on the updated weights to generate a set of resampled particles; c. predicting a future location at a future time point using the set of resampled particles; d. repeating steps a)-d) to predict the future locations of the user or object. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises applying a Sequential Importance Resampling (SIR) in predicting the future locations of the user or object. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises reconstructing the trajectory by linking together at least two trajectory segments based on scores and durations of the segment trajectories. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises characterizing, based on the trajectory, an anonymization technique used to generate the anonymized data. 11. A system for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions causing the system to:
receive anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory traversed by a user or object;
assemble a state-space model having internal states that represent geographical coordinates of the trajectory;
for a selected trajectory segment associated with the anonymized data, predict future locations of the user or object using the state-space model and particle filtering;
reconstruct the trajectory using the future locations; and
generate a report indicative of the trajectory; and
a display for providing the report. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to generate the anonymized data by dividing the trajectory into trajectory segments separated by one or more predefined gaps. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to randomly initialize a set of particles corresponding to the selected trajectory segment. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions further cause the system to assign initial weights to the set of particles. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions further cause the system to apply a transition to the set of particles, wherein the transition is represented by a linear model or a non-linear model. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions further cause the system to use the anonymized data to generate probability scores, wherein each probability score corresponding to a likelihood of transition between different trajectory segments. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
a. updating the weights of the set of particles; b. resampling the set of particles based on the updated weights to generate a set of resampled particles; c. predicting a future location at a future time point using the set of resampled particles; d. repeating steps a)-d) to predict the future locations of the user or object. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the system to apply a Sequential Importance Resampling (SIR) in predicting the future locations of the user or object. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to reconstruct the trajectory by linking together at least two trajectory segments based on scores and durations of the segment trajectories. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for reconstructing a trajectory from anonymized data, carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform steps to:
receive anonymized data corresponding to a trajectory traversed by a user or object; assemble a state-space model having internal states that represent geographical coordinates of the trajectory; for a selected trajectory segment associated with the anonymized data, predict future locations of the user or object using the state-space model and particle filtering; reconstruct the trajectory using the future locations; and generate a report indicative of the trajectory. | 2,100 |
343,920 | 16,803,310 | 2,184 | An infusion apparatus includes a housing and a chamber configured to be connected to the housing. The apparatus further includes a weight sensor coupled to a load connector connected to the housing and an optical sensor disposed in the housing. The weight sensor is configured to generate a first signal based on a measured weight of the fluid container attached to the housing in a weight-bearing configuration. The optical sensor is configured to generate a second signal based on detecting drops of the fluid traversing the chamber. The apparatus also includes a flow control mechanism to control a flow rate of the fluid into an outlet channel. The apparatus includes one or more processing devices configured to perform operations including transmitting a control signal to the flow control mechanism to adjust the flow rate. | 1-57. (canceled) 58. An infusion apparatus comprising:
a load connector configured to accept a fluid container in a weight-bearing configuration; a chamber configured to receive fluid from the fluid container, wherein the chamber is configured to enable formation of fluid drops as the fluid traverses the chamber; a weight sensor coupled to the load connector, wherein the weight sensor is configured to generate a weight signal based on a measured weight of the fluid container in the weight-bearing configuration; a drop sensor configured to generate drop signals based on detecting the fluid drops of the fluid traversing the chamber; one or more processing devices configured to execute machine-readable instructions to perform operations comprising: computing a weighted average of estimates of a flow rate of the fluid based on the drop signals, the weight signal, and fluid parameters of a medical fluid, and transmitting a control signal to adjust the flow rate of the fluid based on the weighted average of the estimates of the flow rate. 59. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates by computing an expected drop sized based on the fluid parameters of the medical fluid. 60. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates based on a pump speed of a fluid pump of the infusion apparatus. 61. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the fluid parameters of the medical fluid comprise at least one of a specific gravity, a viscosity, or an opacity of the medical fluid. 62. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a housing, the housing comprising a receptacle for accepting an external cartridge that includes the chamber. 63. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations further comprise, before computing the weighted average of the estimates, receiving from a user interface a selection indicative of the medical fluid. 64. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel through which the fluid is dispensed, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises an electronically controllable clamp. 65. The infusion apparatus of claim 64, wherein the outlet channel comprises a tubing and the flow control mechanism operates on the tubing to control the flow rate of the fluid. 66. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel through which the fluid is dispensed, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises a fluid pump. 67. The infusion apparatus of claim 66, wherein the fluid pump is configured to provide a substantially fixed volume of fluid per pumping cycle. 68. The infusion apparatus of claim 66, wherein the flow control mechanism is further configured to control the flow rate based on a pump speed of the fluid pump. 69. The infusion apparatus of claim 66, wherein the fluid pump comprises at least one of a positive displacement pump, a roller pump, a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, or a membrane pump. 70. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations comprise accessing a representation of a medical fluid library that includes information on fluid parameters for a plurality of medical fluids, the plurality of medical fluid comprising the medical fluid. 71. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the drop sensor comprises at least one of an optical detector, an infrared detector, or an imaging device. 72. An infusion apparatus comprising:
a weight sensor module configured to generate a weight signal based on measuring a weight of a fluid container; a flow sensor module configured to generate drop signals based on detecting drops of fluid dispensed from the fluid container; and one or more processing devices configured to execute machine-readable instructions to perform operations comprising: computing a weighted average of estimates of a flow rate of the fluid based on the drop signals, the weight signal, and fluid parameters of a medical fluid, and transmitting a control signal to adjust the flow rate of the fluid based on the weighted average of the estimates of the flow rate. 73. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates by computing an expected drop sized based on the fluid parameters of the medical fluid. 74. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates based on a pump speed of a fluid pump of the infusion apparatus. 75. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, wherein the fluid parameters of the medical fluid comprises at least one of a specific gravity, a viscosity, and an opacity of the medical fluid. 76. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel through which the fluid is dispensed, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises an electronically controllable clamp. 77. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises a fluid pump configured to provide a substantially fixed volume of fluid per pumping cycle. 78. An infusion apparatus comprising:
a load connector configured to accept a fluid container in a weight-bearing configuration; a chamber configured to receive fluid from the fluid container, wherein the chamber is configured to enable formation of fluid drops as the fluid traverses the chamber; a weight sensor coupled to the load connector, wherein the weight sensor is configured to generate a weight signal based on a measured weight of the fluid container in the weight-bearing configuration; a drop sensor configured to generate drop signals based on detecting the fluid drops traversing the chamber; and one or more processing devices configured to execute machine-readable instructions to perform operations comprising: comparing the drop signals in the period of time with the drop signals in a previous period of time; computing an estimate of the flow rate of the fluid based on the comparing, the weight signal, and fluid parameters of a medical fluid, and transmitting a control signal to adjust the flow rate of the fluid responsive to determining a difference between a desired flow rate and the second estimate. | An infusion apparatus includes a housing and a chamber configured to be connected to the housing. The apparatus further includes a weight sensor coupled to a load connector connected to the housing and an optical sensor disposed in the housing. The weight sensor is configured to generate a first signal based on a measured weight of the fluid container attached to the housing in a weight-bearing configuration. The optical sensor is configured to generate a second signal based on detecting drops of the fluid traversing the chamber. The apparatus also includes a flow control mechanism to control a flow rate of the fluid into an outlet channel. The apparatus includes one or more processing devices configured to perform operations including transmitting a control signal to the flow control mechanism to adjust the flow rate.1-57. (canceled) 58. An infusion apparatus comprising:
a load connector configured to accept a fluid container in a weight-bearing configuration; a chamber configured to receive fluid from the fluid container, wherein the chamber is configured to enable formation of fluid drops as the fluid traverses the chamber; a weight sensor coupled to the load connector, wherein the weight sensor is configured to generate a weight signal based on a measured weight of the fluid container in the weight-bearing configuration; a drop sensor configured to generate drop signals based on detecting the fluid drops of the fluid traversing the chamber; one or more processing devices configured to execute machine-readable instructions to perform operations comprising: computing a weighted average of estimates of a flow rate of the fluid based on the drop signals, the weight signal, and fluid parameters of a medical fluid, and transmitting a control signal to adjust the flow rate of the fluid based on the weighted average of the estimates of the flow rate. 59. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates by computing an expected drop sized based on the fluid parameters of the medical fluid. 60. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates based on a pump speed of a fluid pump of the infusion apparatus. 61. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the fluid parameters of the medical fluid comprise at least one of a specific gravity, a viscosity, or an opacity of the medical fluid. 62. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a housing, the housing comprising a receptacle for accepting an external cartridge that includes the chamber. 63. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations further comprise, before computing the weighted average of the estimates, receiving from a user interface a selection indicative of the medical fluid. 64. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel through which the fluid is dispensed, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises an electronically controllable clamp. 65. The infusion apparatus of claim 64, wherein the outlet channel comprises a tubing and the flow control mechanism operates on the tubing to control the flow rate of the fluid. 66. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel through which the fluid is dispensed, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises a fluid pump. 67. The infusion apparatus of claim 66, wherein the fluid pump is configured to provide a substantially fixed volume of fluid per pumping cycle. 68. The infusion apparatus of claim 66, wherein the flow control mechanism is further configured to control the flow rate based on a pump speed of the fluid pump. 69. The infusion apparatus of claim 66, wherein the fluid pump comprises at least one of a positive displacement pump, a roller pump, a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, or a membrane pump. 70. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the operations comprise accessing a representation of a medical fluid library that includes information on fluid parameters for a plurality of medical fluids, the plurality of medical fluid comprising the medical fluid. 71. The infusion apparatus of claim 58, wherein the drop sensor comprises at least one of an optical detector, an infrared detector, or an imaging device. 72. An infusion apparatus comprising:
a weight sensor module configured to generate a weight signal based on measuring a weight of a fluid container; a flow sensor module configured to generate drop signals based on detecting drops of fluid dispensed from the fluid container; and one or more processing devices configured to execute machine-readable instructions to perform operations comprising: computing a weighted average of estimates of a flow rate of the fluid based on the drop signals, the weight signal, and fluid parameters of a medical fluid, and transmitting a control signal to adjust the flow rate of the fluid based on the weighted average of the estimates of the flow rate. 73. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates by computing an expected drop sized based on the fluid parameters of the medical fluid. 74. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, wherein the operations comprise computing at least one of the estimates based on a pump speed of a fluid pump of the infusion apparatus. 75. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, wherein the fluid parameters of the medical fluid comprises at least one of a specific gravity, a viscosity, and an opacity of the medical fluid. 76. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel through which the fluid is dispensed, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises an electronically controllable clamp. 77. The infusion apparatus of claim 72, further comprising a flow control mechanism disposed in a fluid path between the fluid container and an outlet channel, the flow control mechanism configured to, in response to the control signal, engage the outlet channel to control a flow rate of the fluid in the outlet channel, wherein the flow control mechanism comprises a fluid pump configured to provide a substantially fixed volume of fluid per pumping cycle. 78. An infusion apparatus comprising:
a load connector configured to accept a fluid container in a weight-bearing configuration; a chamber configured to receive fluid from the fluid container, wherein the chamber is configured to enable formation of fluid drops as the fluid traverses the chamber; a weight sensor coupled to the load connector, wherein the weight sensor is configured to generate a weight signal based on a measured weight of the fluid container in the weight-bearing configuration; a drop sensor configured to generate drop signals based on detecting the fluid drops traversing the chamber; and one or more processing devices configured to execute machine-readable instructions to perform operations comprising: comparing the drop signals in the period of time with the drop signals in a previous period of time; computing an estimate of the flow rate of the fluid based on the comparing, the weight signal, and fluid parameters of a medical fluid, and transmitting a control signal to adjust the flow rate of the fluid responsive to determining a difference between a desired flow rate and the second estimate. | 2,100 |
343,921 | 16,803,350 | 2,184 | A method of forming a three-dimensional object (e.g. comprised of polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof) is carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, the carrier and the build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of: (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating the build region with light through the optically transparent member to form a solid blocked polymer scaffold and advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, the three-dimensional object, with the intermediate containing the second solidifiable component; and then (d) contacting the three-dimensional intermediate to water to form the three-dimensional object. | 1. A method of forming a three-dimensional object, comprising:
(a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, said carrier and said build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling said build region with a polymerizable liquid, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of: (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating said build region with light through said optically transparent member to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and advancing said carrier away from said build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, said three-dimensional object, with said intermediate containing said second solidifiable component carried in the scaffold in unsolidified or uncured form; and then (d) subsequent to the irradiating step, curing the second solidifiable component by contacting said three-dimensional intermediate to water, to form from said three-dimensional intermediate said three-dimensional object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said water is in liquid, gas, or aerosol form. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said curing step (d) further comprises heating or microwave irradiating said three-dimensional intermediate concurrent with and/or subsequent to the contacting of said three-dimensional intermediate to water. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object is comprised of polyurethane, polyurea, or a copolymer thereof, and the second component comprises precursors to a polyurethane, polyurea, or a copolymer thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a blocked or reactive blocked diisocyanate. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a diisocyanate that is not blocked with a blocking agent. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object comprises (i) a linear thermoplastic polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof, (ii) a cross-linked thermoset polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof, or (iii) a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises precursors to a water-curable silicone resin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a polymerizable liquid solubilized in or suspended in said first component, a polymerizable solid solubilized in said first component, or a polymer solubilized in said first component. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a polymerizable solid suspended in said first component, or solid thermoplastic or thermoset polymer particles suspended in said first component. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional intermediate is collapsible or compressible. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid polymer scaffold is discontinuous. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object comprises a polymer blend, interpenetrating polymer network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network, or sequential interpenetrating polymer network formed from said first component and said second solidifiable component. 14. The method of claim 1, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer, (ii) a chain extender, (iii) a photoinitiator, (iv) optionally a polyol and/or a polyamine, (v) optionally a reactive diluent, (vi) optionally a pigment or dye, and (vii) optionally a filler. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a compound of the formula A-X-A, where X is a hydrocarbyl group and each A is an independently selected substituent of Formula (X): 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a blocked or reactive blocked diisocyanate. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a reactive blocked diisocyanate blocked by reaction of a polyisocyanate oligomer with an amine (meth)acrylate, alcohol (meth)acrylate, maleimide, or n-vinylformamide monomer blocking agent. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a reactive blocked diisocyanate blocked by reaction of a polyisocyanate with a tertiary-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA), a tertiary pentylaminoethyl methacrylate (TPAEMA), a tertiary hexylaminoethyl methacrylate (THAEMA), a tertiary-butylaminopropyl methacrylate (TBAPMA), an acrylate analog thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the reactive diluent is present and copolymerizes with the reactive blocked diisocyanate during the irradiating step. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said reactive diluent comprises an acrylate, a methacrylate, a styrene, an acrylic acid, a vinylamide, a vinyl ether, a vinyl ester, polymers containing any one or more of the foregoing, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the chain extender comprises a polyamine. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein the chain extender comprises a polyol. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises repeating steps (b) and (c) to produce a subsequent polymerized region adhered to a previous polymerized region until the continued or repeated deposition of polymerized regions adhered to one another forms the three-dimensional intermediate. | A method of forming a three-dimensional object (e.g. comprised of polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof) is carried out by: (a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, the carrier and the build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling the build region with a polymerizable liquid, the polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of: (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating the build region with light through the optically transparent member to form a solid blocked polymer scaffold and advancing the carrier away from the build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, the three-dimensional object, with the intermediate containing the second solidifiable component; and then (d) contacting the three-dimensional intermediate to water to form the three-dimensional object.1. A method of forming a three-dimensional object, comprising:
(a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, said carrier and said build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling said build region with a polymerizable liquid, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of: (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from the first component; (c) irradiating said build region with light through said optically transparent member to form a solid polymer scaffold from the first component and advancing said carrier away from said build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having the same shape as, or a shape to be imparted to, said three-dimensional object, with said intermediate containing said second solidifiable component carried in the scaffold in unsolidified or uncured form; and then (d) subsequent to the irradiating step, curing the second solidifiable component by contacting said three-dimensional intermediate to water, to form from said three-dimensional intermediate said three-dimensional object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said water is in liquid, gas, or aerosol form. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said curing step (d) further comprises heating or microwave irradiating said three-dimensional intermediate concurrent with and/or subsequent to the contacting of said three-dimensional intermediate to water. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object is comprised of polyurethane, polyurea, or a copolymer thereof, and the second component comprises precursors to a polyurethane, polyurea, or a copolymer thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a blocked or reactive blocked diisocyanate. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a diisocyanate that is not blocked with a blocking agent. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object comprises (i) a linear thermoplastic polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof, (ii) a cross-linked thermoset polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof, or (iii) a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises precursors to a water-curable silicone resin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a polymerizable liquid solubilized in or suspended in said first component, a polymerizable solid solubilized in said first component, or a polymer solubilized in said first component. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solidifiable component comprises a polymerizable solid suspended in said first component, or solid thermoplastic or thermoset polymer particles suspended in said first component. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional intermediate is collapsible or compressible. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid polymer scaffold is discontinuous. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object comprises a polymer blend, interpenetrating polymer network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network, or sequential interpenetrating polymer network formed from said first component and said second solidifiable component. 14. The method of claim 1, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer, (ii) a chain extender, (iii) a photoinitiator, (iv) optionally a polyol and/or a polyamine, (v) optionally a reactive diluent, (vi) optionally a pigment or dye, and (vii) optionally a filler. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a compound of the formula A-X-A, where X is a hydrocarbyl group and each A is an independently selected substituent of Formula (X): 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a blocked or reactive blocked diisocyanate. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a reactive blocked diisocyanate blocked by reaction of a polyisocyanate oligomer with an amine (meth)acrylate, alcohol (meth)acrylate, maleimide, or n-vinylformamide monomer blocking agent. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer comprises a reactive blocked diisocyanate blocked by reaction of a polyisocyanate with a tertiary-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA), a tertiary pentylaminoethyl methacrylate (TPAEMA), a tertiary hexylaminoethyl methacrylate (THAEMA), a tertiary-butylaminopropyl methacrylate (TBAPMA), an acrylate analog thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the reactive diluent is present and copolymerizes with the reactive blocked diisocyanate during the irradiating step. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said reactive diluent comprises an acrylate, a methacrylate, a styrene, an acrylic acid, a vinylamide, a vinyl ether, a vinyl ester, polymers containing any one or more of the foregoing, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the chain extender comprises a polyamine. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein the chain extender comprises a polyol. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises repeating steps (b) and (c) to produce a subsequent polymerized region adhered to a previous polymerized region until the continued or repeated deposition of polymerized regions adhered to one another forms the three-dimensional intermediate. | 2,100 |
343,922 | 16,803,347 | 2,184 | One embodiment provides a method for recovery after failure using a checkpoint in a chronological log-structured key-value store in a system including writing tombstone entries in a log structure for dirty checkpoint records to point to data records in an aborted target slot. | 1. A method for recovery after failure using a checkpoint in a chronological log-structured key-value store in a system comprising:
writing, by a processor, tombstone entries in a log structure, the tombstone entries being for dirty checkpoint records that point to data records in an aborted target slot. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording, by the processor, a system state, the recorded system state being prior to an aborted garbage collection operation; wherein the system comprises a chronologically ordered log-structured key-value store system. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
inserting new checkpoint records for the dirty checkpoint records in the log structure; wherein the garbage collection operation comprises a garbage collection transaction. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the aborted target slot is a target slot of the garbage collection operation. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
providing for checkpoint operations to proceed concurrently with garbage collection processing, the checkpoint operations being provided while a chronological order of data is maintained by using processing to restore the system to a consistent state after a failure during the garbage collection operation. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
reading a first recovery log after the aborted garbage collection operation; and identifying an incomplete garbage collection target slot and an incomplete garbage collection victim slot. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
recording the garbage collection transaction on a second recovery log. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
zeroing out a region of the aborted target slot of the log structure from a begin offset in the target slot until an end of the aborted target slot; and inserting an abort record for the garbage collection transaction into the second recovery log. 9. A computer program product for recovery after failure using a checkpoint in a chronological log-structured key-value store in a system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
write, by the processor, tombstone entries in a log structure, the tombstone entries being for dirty checkpoint records that point to data records in an aborted target slot. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
record, by the processor, a system state, the recorded system state being prior to an aborted garbage collection operation; 11. The computer program product of claim 10, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
insert, by the processor, new checkpoint records for the dirty checkpoint records in the log structure; 12. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
provide, by the processor, for checkpoint operations to proceed concurrently with garbage collection processing, the checkpoint operations being provided while a chronological order of data is maintained by using processing to restore the system to a consistent state after a failure during the garbage collection transaction. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
read, by the processor, a first recovery log after the aborted garbage collection operation; and identify, by the processor, an incomplete garbage collection target slot and an incomplete garbage collection victim slot. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
record, by the processor, the garbage collection transaction on a second recovery log. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
zero out, by the processor, a region of the aborted target slot of the log structure from a begin offset in the aborted target slot until an end of the aborted target slot; and insert, by the processor, an abort record for the garbage collection transaction into the second recovery log. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions to:
write tombstone entries in a log structure, the tombstone entries being for dirty checkpoint records that point to data records in an aborted target slot. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor further executes instructions to:
record a system state for a system, the recorded system state being prior to an aborted garbage collection operation; wherein the system comprises a chronologically ordered log-structured key-value store system, and the garbage collection operation comprises a garbage collection transaction. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor further executes instructions to:
insert new checkpoint records for the dirty checkpoint records in the log structure; 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processor further executes instructions comprising:
providing for checkpoint operations to proceed concurrently with garbage collection processing, the checkpoint operations being provided while a chronological order of data is maintained by using processing to restore the system to a consistent state after a failure during the garbage collection transaction; reading, after the aborted garbage collection transaction, a first recovery log; and identifying an incomplete garbage collection target slot and an incomplete garbage collection victim slot. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processor further executes instructions comprising:
recording the garbage collection transaction on a second recovery log; zeroing out a region of the aborted target slot of the log structure from a begin offset in the aborted target slot until an end of the aborted target slot; and inserting an abort record for the garbage collection transaction into the second recovery log. | One embodiment provides a method for recovery after failure using a checkpoint in a chronological log-structured key-value store in a system including writing tombstone entries in a log structure for dirty checkpoint records to point to data records in an aborted target slot.1. A method for recovery after failure using a checkpoint in a chronological log-structured key-value store in a system comprising:
writing, by a processor, tombstone entries in a log structure, the tombstone entries being for dirty checkpoint records that point to data records in an aborted target slot. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recording, by the processor, a system state, the recorded system state being prior to an aborted garbage collection operation; wherein the system comprises a chronologically ordered log-structured key-value store system. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
inserting new checkpoint records for the dirty checkpoint records in the log structure; wherein the garbage collection operation comprises a garbage collection transaction. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the aborted target slot is a target slot of the garbage collection operation. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
providing for checkpoint operations to proceed concurrently with garbage collection processing, the checkpoint operations being provided while a chronological order of data is maintained by using processing to restore the system to a consistent state after a failure during the garbage collection operation. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
reading a first recovery log after the aborted garbage collection operation; and identifying an incomplete garbage collection target slot and an incomplete garbage collection victim slot. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
recording the garbage collection transaction on a second recovery log. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
zeroing out a region of the aborted target slot of the log structure from a begin offset in the target slot until an end of the aborted target slot; and inserting an abort record for the garbage collection transaction into the second recovery log. 9. A computer program product for recovery after failure using a checkpoint in a chronological log-structured key-value store in a system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
write, by the processor, tombstone entries in a log structure, the tombstone entries being for dirty checkpoint records that point to data records in an aborted target slot. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
record, by the processor, a system state, the recorded system state being prior to an aborted garbage collection operation; 11. The computer program product of claim 10, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
insert, by the processor, new checkpoint records for the dirty checkpoint records in the log structure; 12. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
provide, by the processor, for checkpoint operations to proceed concurrently with garbage collection processing, the checkpoint operations being provided while a chronological order of data is maintained by using processing to restore the system to a consistent state after a failure during the garbage collection transaction. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
read, by the processor, a first recovery log after the aborted garbage collection operation; and identify, by the processor, an incomplete garbage collection target slot and an incomplete garbage collection victim slot. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
record, by the processor, the garbage collection transaction on a second recovery log. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, further comprising program instructions executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
zero out, by the processor, a region of the aborted target slot of the log structure from a begin offset in the aborted target slot until an end of the aborted target slot; and insert, by the processor, an abort record for the garbage collection transaction into the second recovery log. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions to:
write tombstone entries in a log structure, the tombstone entries being for dirty checkpoint records that point to data records in an aborted target slot. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor further executes instructions to:
record a system state for a system, the recorded system state being prior to an aborted garbage collection operation; wherein the system comprises a chronologically ordered log-structured key-value store system, and the garbage collection operation comprises a garbage collection transaction. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor further executes instructions to:
insert new checkpoint records for the dirty checkpoint records in the log structure; 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processor further executes instructions comprising:
providing for checkpoint operations to proceed concurrently with garbage collection processing, the checkpoint operations being provided while a chronological order of data is maintained by using processing to restore the system to a consistent state after a failure during the garbage collection transaction; reading, after the aborted garbage collection transaction, a first recovery log; and identifying an incomplete garbage collection target slot and an incomplete garbage collection victim slot. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processor further executes instructions comprising:
recording the garbage collection transaction on a second recovery log; zeroing out a region of the aborted target slot of the log structure from a begin offset in the aborted target slot until an end of the aborted target slot; and inserting an abort record for the garbage collection transaction into the second recovery log. | 2,100 |
343,923 | 16,803,370 | 2,184 | Extending snapshot retention for a storage system includes creating a plurality of entries, each of the entries corresponding to snapshot data on the storage system and containing data that was written in connection with the snapshot and containing a map indicating which portions of the storage system were modified and includes transferring the entries to an external storage that is separate from the storage system. The map may be an SDDF map that indicates tracks of data that were modified. The external storage may be a cloud storage. Each of the entries may be created prior to deleting data for a corresponding snapshot on the storage system. The entries may be transferred directly from the storage system to the external storage. Extending snapshot retention for a storage system may also include periodically writing a full version of data from the storage device to the external storage. | 1. A method of extending snapshot retention for a storage system, comprising:
creating a plurality of entries, each of the entries corresponding to snapshot data on the storage system and containing data that was written in connection with the snapshot and containing a map indicating which portions of the storage system were modified; and transferring the entries to an external storage that is separate from the storage system. 2. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the map is an SDDF map that indicates tracks of data that were modified. 3. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the external storage is a cloud storage. 4. A method, according to claim 1, wherein each of the entries is created prior to deleting data for a corresponding snapshot on the storage system. 5. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the entries are transferred directly from the storage system to the external storage. 6. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:
periodically writing a full version of data from the storage device to the external storage. 7. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the full version of the data is written once per week. 8. A method, according to claim 1, wherein accessing the prior version of data includes traversing the entries on the external storage. 9. A method, according to claim 8, wherein accessing the prior version includes initially accessing a full version of the data prior to traversing the entries. 10. A method, according to claim 8, wherein, for each portion of the data, only an oldest version corresponding to a particular point in time of each portion is accessed in connection with accessing a prior version. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing software that extends snapshot retention for a storage system, the software comprising:
executable code that creates a plurality of entries, each of the entries corresponding to snapshot data on the storage system and containing data that was written in connection with the snapshot and containing a map indicating which portions of the storage system were modified; and executable code that transfers the entries to an external storage that is separate from the storage system. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the map is an SDDF map that indicates tracks of data that were modified. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the external storage is a cloud storage. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein each of the entries is created prior to deleting data for a corresponding snapshot on the storage system. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the entries are transferred directly from the storage system to the external storage. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, further comprising:
executable code that periodically writes a full version of data from the storage device to the external storage. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 16, wherein the full version of the data is written once per week. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein accessing the prior version of data includes traversing the entries on the external storage. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 18, wherein accessing the prior version includes initially accessing a full version of the data prior to traversing the entries. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 18, wherein, for each portion of the data, only an oldest version corresponding to a particular point in time of each portion is accessed in connection with accessing a prior version. | Extending snapshot retention for a storage system includes creating a plurality of entries, each of the entries corresponding to snapshot data on the storage system and containing data that was written in connection with the snapshot and containing a map indicating which portions of the storage system were modified and includes transferring the entries to an external storage that is separate from the storage system. The map may be an SDDF map that indicates tracks of data that were modified. The external storage may be a cloud storage. Each of the entries may be created prior to deleting data for a corresponding snapshot on the storage system. The entries may be transferred directly from the storage system to the external storage. Extending snapshot retention for a storage system may also include periodically writing a full version of data from the storage device to the external storage.1. A method of extending snapshot retention for a storage system, comprising:
creating a plurality of entries, each of the entries corresponding to snapshot data on the storage system and containing data that was written in connection with the snapshot and containing a map indicating which portions of the storage system were modified; and transferring the entries to an external storage that is separate from the storage system. 2. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the map is an SDDF map that indicates tracks of data that were modified. 3. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the external storage is a cloud storage. 4. A method, according to claim 1, wherein each of the entries is created prior to deleting data for a corresponding snapshot on the storage system. 5. A method, according to claim 1, wherein the entries are transferred directly from the storage system to the external storage. 6. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:
periodically writing a full version of data from the storage device to the external storage. 7. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the full version of the data is written once per week. 8. A method, according to claim 1, wherein accessing the prior version of data includes traversing the entries on the external storage. 9. A method, according to claim 8, wherein accessing the prior version includes initially accessing a full version of the data prior to traversing the entries. 10. A method, according to claim 8, wherein, for each portion of the data, only an oldest version corresponding to a particular point in time of each portion is accessed in connection with accessing a prior version. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing software that extends snapshot retention for a storage system, the software comprising:
executable code that creates a plurality of entries, each of the entries corresponding to snapshot data on the storage system and containing data that was written in connection with the snapshot and containing a map indicating which portions of the storage system were modified; and executable code that transfers the entries to an external storage that is separate from the storage system. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the map is an SDDF map that indicates tracks of data that were modified. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the external storage is a cloud storage. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein each of the entries is created prior to deleting data for a corresponding snapshot on the storage system. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein the entries are transferred directly from the storage system to the external storage. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, further comprising:
executable code that periodically writes a full version of data from the storage device to the external storage. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 16, wherein the full version of the data is written once per week. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 11, wherein accessing the prior version of data includes traversing the entries on the external storage. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 18, wherein accessing the prior version includes initially accessing a full version of the data prior to traversing the entries. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium, according to claim 18, wherein, for each portion of the data, only an oldest version corresponding to a particular point in time of each portion is accessed in connection with accessing a prior version. | 2,100 |
343,924 | 16,803,376 | 2,184 | An inference apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: acquire at least one control parameter of second machine learning model, the second machine learning model having a size smaller than a size of a first machine learning model input to the inference apparatus; change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model based on the at least one control parameter; and perform inference in response to input data by using the second machine learning model. | 1. An inference apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire at least one control parameter of second machine learning model, the second machine learning model having a size smaller than a size of a first machine learning model input to the inference apparatus;
change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model based on the at least one control parameter; and
perform inference in response to input data by using the second machine learning model. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
decompose, by using a tensor decomposition method, a tensor of weight coefficients of the first machine learning model into two or more decomposed tensors; set sizes of the second machine learning model in accordance with the at least one control parameter; and change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model that are represented by the two or more decomposed tensors each having the set sizes. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one control parameter is parameters to control hardware performance of the inference apparatus, and the at least one control parameter includes at least one of a model size, an amount of calculation, an inference accuracy, an inference speed, a power consumption, a memory capacity, and a memory bandwidth. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
set a width of each of the decomposed tensors in accordance with the at least one control parameter; and change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model that are represented by the two or more decomposed tensors each having the set width. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the tensor of the weight coefficients is a matrix of the weight coefficients, the decomposed tensors are two or more matrices each constituted by R basis vectors, and the hardware processor carries out the setting of the width of each decomposed tensor by selecting r basis vectors (r≤R) from the R basis vectors. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to select the r basis vectors in descending order of contribution degrees of the basis vectors. 7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
decompose the matrix of the weight coefficients based on singular value decomposition of the matrix of the weight coefficients; and set the width of each of the decomposed tensors by selecting the r basis vectors in descending order of the contribution degrees determined based on singular values. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, when the first machine learning model includes a normalization layer in which normalization processing is executed, the hardware processor is further configured to correct parameters to be used in the normalization processing based on the set width. 9. A learning apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire a model to be trained;
decompose a tensor of weight coefficients of the model into two or more decomposed tensors obtained by a tensor decomposition method;
approximate the model to a plurality of approximate models represented by the decomposed tensors each having a different width;
acquire learning data including input data and target data, and supply the input data to the approximate models;
calculate loss functions of the respective approximate models by using the target data and the output data output from the approximate models in response to the input data;
calculate gradients of the respective loss functions;
accumulate the gradients; and
update parameters of the model to be trained such that the loss functions of the approximate models are minimized based on the accumulated gradients. 10. An inference method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
acquiring at least one control parameter of second machine learning model, the second machine learning model having a size smaller than a size of a first machine learning model input to the computer; changing the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model based on the at least one control parameter; and performing inference in response to input data by using the second machine learning model. 11. A learning method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
acquiring a model to be trained; decomposing a tensor of weight coefficients of the model into two or more decomposed tensors obtained by a tensor decomposition method; approximating the model to a plurality of approximate models represented by the decomposed tensors each having a different width; acquiring learning data including input data and target data, and supplying the input data to the approximate models; calculating loss functions of the respective approximate models by using the target data and the output data output from the approximate models in response to the input data; calculating gradients of the respective loss functions; accumulating the gradients; and updating parameters of the model to be trained such that the loss functions of the approximate models are minimized based on the accumulated gradients. | An inference apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: acquire at least one control parameter of second machine learning model, the second machine learning model having a size smaller than a size of a first machine learning model input to the inference apparatus; change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model based on the at least one control parameter; and perform inference in response to input data by using the second machine learning model.1. An inference apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire at least one control parameter of second machine learning model, the second machine learning model having a size smaller than a size of a first machine learning model input to the inference apparatus;
change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model based on the at least one control parameter; and
perform inference in response to input data by using the second machine learning model. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
decompose, by using a tensor decomposition method, a tensor of weight coefficients of the first machine learning model into two or more decomposed tensors; set sizes of the second machine learning model in accordance with the at least one control parameter; and change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model that are represented by the two or more decomposed tensors each having the set sizes. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one control parameter is parameters to control hardware performance of the inference apparatus, and the at least one control parameter includes at least one of a model size, an amount of calculation, an inference accuracy, an inference speed, a power consumption, a memory capacity, and a memory bandwidth. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
set a width of each of the decomposed tensors in accordance with the at least one control parameter; and change the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model that are represented by the two or more decomposed tensors each having the set width. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the tensor of the weight coefficients is a matrix of the weight coefficients, the decomposed tensors are two or more matrices each constituted by R basis vectors, and the hardware processor carries out the setting of the width of each decomposed tensor by selecting r basis vectors (r≤R) from the R basis vectors. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to select the r basis vectors in descending order of contribution degrees of the basis vectors. 7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
decompose the matrix of the weight coefficients based on singular value decomposition of the matrix of the weight coefficients; and set the width of each of the decomposed tensors by selecting the r basis vectors in descending order of the contribution degrees determined based on singular values. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, when the first machine learning model includes a normalization layer in which normalization processing is executed, the hardware processor is further configured to correct parameters to be used in the normalization processing based on the set width. 9. A learning apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
acquire a model to be trained;
decompose a tensor of weight coefficients of the model into two or more decomposed tensors obtained by a tensor decomposition method;
approximate the model to a plurality of approximate models represented by the decomposed tensors each having a different width;
acquire learning data including input data and target data, and supply the input data to the approximate models;
calculate loss functions of the respective approximate models by using the target data and the output data output from the approximate models in response to the input data;
calculate gradients of the respective loss functions;
accumulate the gradients; and
update parameters of the model to be trained such that the loss functions of the approximate models are minimized based on the accumulated gradients. 10. An inference method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
acquiring at least one control parameter of second machine learning model, the second machine learning model having a size smaller than a size of a first machine learning model input to the computer; changing the first machine learning model to the second machine learning model based on the at least one control parameter; and performing inference in response to input data by using the second machine learning model. 11. A learning method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
acquiring a model to be trained; decomposing a tensor of weight coefficients of the model into two or more decomposed tensors obtained by a tensor decomposition method; approximating the model to a plurality of approximate models represented by the decomposed tensors each having a different width; acquiring learning data including input data and target data, and supplying the input data to the approximate models; calculating loss functions of the respective approximate models by using the target data and the output data output from the approximate models in response to the input data; calculating gradients of the respective loss functions; accumulating the gradients; and updating parameters of the model to be trained such that the loss functions of the approximate models are minimized based on the accumulated gradients. | 2,100 |
343,925 | 16,803,377 | 2,184 | Provided is a method of processing a substrate including an etching target film and a mask having an opening formed on the etching target film. The method includes a) providing the substrate on a stage in a chamber and b) forming a film having a thickness that differs along a film thickness direction of the mask, on a side wall of the opening. | 1. A method of processing a substrate including an etching target film and a mask having an opening formed on the etching target film, comprising:
(a) providing the substrate on a stage in a chamber; and (b) forming a film having a thickness that differs along a film thickness direction of the mask, on a side wall of the opening. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
(c) trimming the film, wherein a variation in an opening dimension of the opening in the film thickness direction of the mask after (c) is smaller than a variation in an opening dimension of the opening in the film thickness direction of the mask before (c). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) and (c) are repeated. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) and (c) are repeated until the variation in the opening dimension of the opening becomes equal to or less than a predetermined reference value. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), the film whose film thickness decreases from an opening side of the mask toward a substrate side is formed on a side wall of the opening. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), the film is formed only on an upper portion of a side wall of the opening. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), the film is formed on an upper portion of a side wall of the opening to have a film thickness of about 10% to about 40% of the opening dimension of the opening. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is performed when an aspect ratio of the opening is 10 or more. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the opening includes a bow or a taper. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein when (b) is repeatedly performed n or more times (n is a natural number of 2 or more), a position and a thickness of the film formed in (b) are changed by changing a processing condition in an n-th processing and an (n−1)-th processing. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), a first reactant and a second reactant are supplied into the chamber, and the first reactant and the second reactant are reacted to form a film, and
when (b) is repeatedly performed n′ or more times (n′ is a natural number of 2 or more), a position and a thickness of the film formed in (b) are changed by changing the first reactant and the second reactant used in an n′-th processing and an (n′−1)-th processing. 12. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(d) forming a base film on an upper portion of a side wall of the opening to reduce an opening dimension on the upper portion of the side wall of the opening. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein (d) is performed before (b). 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein (d) is performed when an aspect ratio of the opening is less than 10. 15. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) and (c) are performed in a same chamber (in-situ) or in a same system (in-system) while maintaining a reduced pressure atmosphere. 16. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), each of a plurality of zones provided on the stage on which the substrate is disposed and configured such that temperatures of the plurality of zones are independently controllable is controlled to a different temperature according to an in-plane position of each of the plurality of zones, thereby changing the thickness of the film according to temperatures of the plurality of zones. 17. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is repeatedly performed at least n″ times (n″ is a natural number of 2 or more),
in (b) of an (n″−1)-th processing, each of a plurality of zones provided on the stage on which the substrate is disposed and configured such that temperatures of the plurality of zones are independently controllable is controlled in a first temperature distribution, thereby forming the film having a first film thickness distribution in a depth direction, and
in (b) of an n″-th processing, each of a plurality of zones is controlled in a second temperature distribution, thereby forming the film having a second film thickness distribution in a depth direction. 18. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is performed by a chemical vapor deposition. 19. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is performed by an atomic layer deposition in which an absorption of a precursor or a reaction of a reactive gas is selectively caused on a side wall of the opening. 20. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(e) forming a base film on a side wall of the opening before (c). 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the film and the base film are respectively formed of materials having a different etching selectivity. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the base film is formed of a same material as the mask, and
the film is formed of a same material as an etching target film under the mask. 23. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(f) forming an inhibitor that inhibits formation of the film before (b). 24. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(g) applying a coating for covering by-products adhering to an inner wall of the chamber after (c). 25. An apparatus of processing a substrate including an etching target film and a mask having an opening formed on the etching target film, comprising:
a chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a stage provided inside the chamber and configured to place thereon the substrate; a RF power supply for plasma generation; and a controller configured to cause: (a) place the substrate on the stage in the chamber; and (b) form a film having a thickness that differs along a film thickness direction of the mask, on a side wall of the opening. | Provided is a method of processing a substrate including an etching target film and a mask having an opening formed on the etching target film. The method includes a) providing the substrate on a stage in a chamber and b) forming a film having a thickness that differs along a film thickness direction of the mask, on a side wall of the opening.1. A method of processing a substrate including an etching target film and a mask having an opening formed on the etching target film, comprising:
(a) providing the substrate on a stage in a chamber; and (b) forming a film having a thickness that differs along a film thickness direction of the mask, on a side wall of the opening. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
(c) trimming the film, wherein a variation in an opening dimension of the opening in the film thickness direction of the mask after (c) is smaller than a variation in an opening dimension of the opening in the film thickness direction of the mask before (c). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) and (c) are repeated. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) and (c) are repeated until the variation in the opening dimension of the opening becomes equal to or less than a predetermined reference value. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), the film whose film thickness decreases from an opening side of the mask toward a substrate side is formed on a side wall of the opening. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), the film is formed only on an upper portion of a side wall of the opening. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), the film is formed on an upper portion of a side wall of the opening to have a film thickness of about 10% to about 40% of the opening dimension of the opening. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is performed when an aspect ratio of the opening is 10 or more. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the opening includes a bow or a taper. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein when (b) is repeatedly performed n or more times (n is a natural number of 2 or more), a position and a thickness of the film formed in (b) are changed by changing a processing condition in an n-th processing and an (n−1)-th processing. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), a first reactant and a second reactant are supplied into the chamber, and the first reactant and the second reactant are reacted to form a film, and
when (b) is repeatedly performed n′ or more times (n′ is a natural number of 2 or more), a position and a thickness of the film formed in (b) are changed by changing the first reactant and the second reactant used in an n′-th processing and an (n′−1)-th processing. 12. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(d) forming a base film on an upper portion of a side wall of the opening to reduce an opening dimension on the upper portion of the side wall of the opening. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein (d) is performed before (b). 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein (d) is performed when an aspect ratio of the opening is less than 10. 15. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) and (c) are performed in a same chamber (in-situ) or in a same system (in-system) while maintaining a reduced pressure atmosphere. 16. The method according to claim 2, wherein in (b), each of a plurality of zones provided on the stage on which the substrate is disposed and configured such that temperatures of the plurality of zones are independently controllable is controlled to a different temperature according to an in-plane position of each of the plurality of zones, thereby changing the thickness of the film according to temperatures of the plurality of zones. 17. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is repeatedly performed at least n″ times (n″ is a natural number of 2 or more),
in (b) of an (n″−1)-th processing, each of a plurality of zones provided on the stage on which the substrate is disposed and configured such that temperatures of the plurality of zones are independently controllable is controlled in a first temperature distribution, thereby forming the film having a first film thickness distribution in a depth direction, and
in (b) of an n″-th processing, each of a plurality of zones is controlled in a second temperature distribution, thereby forming the film having a second film thickness distribution in a depth direction. 18. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is performed by a chemical vapor deposition. 19. The method according to claim 2, wherein (b) is performed by an atomic layer deposition in which an absorption of a precursor or a reaction of a reactive gas is selectively caused on a side wall of the opening. 20. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(e) forming a base film on a side wall of the opening before (c). 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the film and the base film are respectively formed of materials having a different etching selectivity. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the base film is formed of a same material as the mask, and
the film is formed of a same material as an etching target film under the mask. 23. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(f) forming an inhibitor that inhibits formation of the film before (b). 24. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
(g) applying a coating for covering by-products adhering to an inner wall of the chamber after (c). 25. An apparatus of processing a substrate including an etching target film and a mask having an opening formed on the etching target film, comprising:
a chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a stage provided inside the chamber and configured to place thereon the substrate; a RF power supply for plasma generation; and a controller configured to cause: (a) place the substrate on the stage in the chamber; and (b) form a film having a thickness that differs along a film thickness direction of the mask, on a side wall of the opening. | 2,100 |
343,926 | 16,803,381 | 2,184 | A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential includes a hydraulic control unit housing, a motor and a pump. The hydraulic control unit housing has a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion. The manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway. The accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston. The accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperate to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly. The motor is disposed on the first side of the manifold housing portion. The pump is disposed on a second side of the manifold portion, opposite the first side. The pump is configured to pump fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion. | 1. A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential, the hydraulic control unit comprising:
a hydraulic control unit housing having a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion, wherein the manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway, wherein the accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston, the accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperating to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly and the piston; a motor disposed on a first side of the manifold housing portion; and a pump disposed on a second side of the manifold portion, opposite the first side, wherein the pump is configured to pump fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion. 2. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the pump is a gear pump. 3. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the manifold housing portion and the accumulator housing portion cooperate to define a reservoir. 4. The hydraulic control unit of claim 3 wherein the reservoir is a distinct cavity from the accumulator chamber. 5. The hydraulic control unit of claim 4, further comprising a filter disposed in the reservoir that filters fluid flowing through the reservoir. 6. The hydraulic control unit of claim 5 wherein a first side of the filter is disposed against the manifold housing portion and a second side of the filter is disposed against the accumulator housing portion. 7. The hydraulic control unit of claim 6 wherein the filter includes a framework that supports a mesh, the framework defining a seal over-molded around a perimeter thereof. 8. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the biasing assembly further comprises:
a first biasing member having a first spring rate; and
a second biasing member having a second spring rate, wherein the first and second spring rates are distinct. 9. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement further defines a second fluid pathway, wherein the first fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump, the accumulator assembly and a valve, wherein the second fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump and the reservoir. 10. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement is plugged at only two openings defined on the manifold housing portion. 11. A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential, the hydraulic control unit comprising:
a hydraulic control unit housing having a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion, wherein the manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway, wherein the accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston, the accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperating to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly and the piston; a motor that drives a pump, wherein the pump pumps fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion; and a reservoir defined by the manifold housing portion and the accumulator housing portion, the reservoir being distinct from the accumulator chamber. 12. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11, further comprising a filter disposed in the reservoir that filters fluid flowing through the reservoir. 13. The hydraulic control unit of claim 12 wherein a first side of the filter is disposed against the manifold housing portion and a second side of the filter is disposed against the accumulator housing portion. 14. The hydraulic control unit of claim 13 wherein the filter includes a framework that supports a mesh, the framework defining a seal over-molded around a perimeter thereof. 15. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11 wherein the biasing assembly further comprises:
a first biasing member having a first spring rate; and
a second biasing member having a second spring rate, wherein the first and second spring rates are distinct. 16. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement further defines a second fluid pathway, wherein the first fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump, the accumulator assembly and a valve, wherein the second fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump and the reservoir. 17. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement is plugged at only two openings defined on the manifold housing portion. 18. The hydraulic control unit of claim 17, further comprising a valve coupled to the manifold housing portion and located intermediate the accumulator assembly and a hydraulic fluid coupling that delivers fluid to the limited slip differential. 19. A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential, the hydraulic control unit comprising:
a hydraulic control unit housing having a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion, wherein the manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway, wherein the accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston, the accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperating to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly and the piston; a motor disposed on a first side of the manifold housing portion; a pump disposed on a second side of the manifold portion, opposite the first side, wherein the pump is configured to pump fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion; a reservoir defined by the manifold housing portion and the accumulator housing portion, the reservoir being distinct from the accumulator chamber; and a filter disposed in the reservoir that filters fluid flowing through the reservoir, wherein a first side of the filter is disposed against the manifold housing portion and a second side of the filter is disposed against the accumulator housing portion. 20. The hydraulic control unit of claim 19 wherein the filter includes a framework that supports a mesh, the framework defining a seal over-molded around a perimeter thereof. | A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential includes a hydraulic control unit housing, a motor and a pump. The hydraulic control unit housing has a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion. The manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway. The accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston. The accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperate to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly. The motor is disposed on the first side of the manifold housing portion. The pump is disposed on a second side of the manifold portion, opposite the first side. The pump is configured to pump fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion.1. A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential, the hydraulic control unit comprising:
a hydraulic control unit housing having a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion, wherein the manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway, wherein the accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston, the accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperating to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly and the piston; a motor disposed on a first side of the manifold housing portion; and a pump disposed on a second side of the manifold portion, opposite the first side, wherein the pump is configured to pump fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion. 2. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the pump is a gear pump. 3. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the manifold housing portion and the accumulator housing portion cooperate to define a reservoir. 4. The hydraulic control unit of claim 3 wherein the reservoir is a distinct cavity from the accumulator chamber. 5. The hydraulic control unit of claim 4, further comprising a filter disposed in the reservoir that filters fluid flowing through the reservoir. 6. The hydraulic control unit of claim 5 wherein a first side of the filter is disposed against the manifold housing portion and a second side of the filter is disposed against the accumulator housing portion. 7. The hydraulic control unit of claim 6 wherein the filter includes a framework that supports a mesh, the framework defining a seal over-molded around a perimeter thereof. 8. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the biasing assembly further comprises:
a first biasing member having a first spring rate; and
a second biasing member having a second spring rate, wherein the first and second spring rates are distinct. 9. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement further defines a second fluid pathway, wherein the first fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump, the accumulator assembly and a valve, wherein the second fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump and the reservoir. 10. The hydraulic control unit of claim 1 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement is plugged at only two openings defined on the manifold housing portion. 11. A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential, the hydraulic control unit comprising:
a hydraulic control unit housing having a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion, wherein the manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway, wherein the accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston, the accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperating to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly and the piston; a motor that drives a pump, wherein the pump pumps fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion; and a reservoir defined by the manifold housing portion and the accumulator housing portion, the reservoir being distinct from the accumulator chamber. 12. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11, further comprising a filter disposed in the reservoir that filters fluid flowing through the reservoir. 13. The hydraulic control unit of claim 12 wherein a first side of the filter is disposed against the manifold housing portion and a second side of the filter is disposed against the accumulator housing portion. 14. The hydraulic control unit of claim 13 wherein the filter includes a framework that supports a mesh, the framework defining a seal over-molded around a perimeter thereof. 15. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11 wherein the biasing assembly further comprises:
a first biasing member having a first spring rate; and
a second biasing member having a second spring rate, wherein the first and second spring rates are distinct. 16. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement further defines a second fluid pathway, wherein the first fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump, the accumulator assembly and a valve, wherein the second fluid pathway fluidly connects the pump and the reservoir. 17. The hydraulic control unit of claim 11 wherein the fluid pathway arrangement is plugged at only two openings defined on the manifold housing portion. 18. The hydraulic control unit of claim 17, further comprising a valve coupled to the manifold housing portion and located intermediate the accumulator assembly and a hydraulic fluid coupling that delivers fluid to the limited slip differential. 19. A hydraulic control unit that delivers hydraulic fluid to a limited slip differential, the hydraulic control unit comprising:
a hydraulic control unit housing having a manifold housing portion and an accumulator housing portion, wherein the manifold housing portion defines a fluid pathway arrangement for communicating fluid along at least a first fluid pathway, wherein the accumulator housing portion houses an accumulator assembly having a biasing assembly and a piston, the accumulator housing portion and manifold housing portion cooperating to form an accumulator chamber that houses the biasing assembly and the piston; a motor disposed on a first side of the manifold housing portion; a pump disposed on a second side of the manifold portion, opposite the first side, wherein the pump is configured to pump fluid into the accumulator chamber of the accumulator housing portion; a reservoir defined by the manifold housing portion and the accumulator housing portion, the reservoir being distinct from the accumulator chamber; and a filter disposed in the reservoir that filters fluid flowing through the reservoir, wherein a first side of the filter is disposed against the manifold housing portion and a second side of the filter is disposed against the accumulator housing portion. 20. The hydraulic control unit of claim 19 wherein the filter includes a framework that supports a mesh, the framework defining a seal over-molded around a perimeter thereof. | 2,100 |
343,927 | 16,803,366 | 2,184 | A memory apparatus and method of operation is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of memory cells coupled to a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells and program, in multiple programming loops, the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells. The control circuit is further configured to determine that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops and in response to the determination, receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of memory cells; a control circuit coupled to the plurality of memory cells and configured to:
receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells;
program, in multiple programming loops, the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells;
determine that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops; and
in response to the determination, receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. 2. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
receive a request for a status on the programming of the set of memory cells; and generate a response indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 3. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to receive, during the last programming loop, an instruction to program the other set of memory cells and the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the other set of memory cells. 4. The apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
receive an instruction to pause programming of the set of memory cells; complete the last programming loop in programming of the set of memory cells; and pause programming of the other set of memory cells. 5. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
access a register indicating a number of programming loops needed to perform a program operation on a set of memory cells, the number of programming loops determined during characterization of the apparatus; and determine, based on the number of programming loops, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 6. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
inhibit further programming of fully programmed memory cells of the set of memory cells; and determine, based on a number of inhibited memory cells, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 7. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to generate, in response to the determination, a notification indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 8. A controller in communication with a plurality of memory cells of a memory apparatus, the controller configured to:
transfer, to the memory apparatus, data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells; instruct the memory apparatus to program the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells; receive, from the memory apparatus, a notification that programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of multiple programming loops; and transfer, to the memory apparatus, data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. 9. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to instruct the memory apparatus to alert the controller when programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 10. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to request a status on the programming of the set of memory cells. 11. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to transfer, to the memory apparatus in response to the notification, the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the other set of memory cells during the last programming loop. 12. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to request a status on the programming of the set of memory cells. 13. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to instruct pausing of the programming of the set of memory cells in response to receiving a read request from a host. 14. A method of operating a memory apparatus including a plurality of memory cells, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells; programing, in multiple programming loops, the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells; determining that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops; and in response to the determination, receiving data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. 15. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the steps of:
receiving a request for a status on the programming of the set of memory cells; and generating a response indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 16. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the step of receiving, during the last programming loop, an instruction to program the other set of memory cells and the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the other set of memory cells. 17. The method as set forth in claim 16, further including the steps of:
receiving an instruction to pause programming of the set of memory cells; completing the last programming loop in programming of the set of memory cells; and pausing programming of the other set of memory cells. 18. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the steps of:
accessing a register indicating a number of programming loops needed to perform a program operation on a set of memory cells, the number of programming loops determined during characterization of the apparatus; and determining, based on the number of programming loops, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 19. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the steps of:
inhibiting further programming of fully programmed memory cells of the set of memory cells; and determining, based on a number of inhibited memory cells, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 20. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the step of generating, in response to the determination, a notification indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. | A memory apparatus and method of operation is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of memory cells coupled to a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells and program, in multiple programming loops, the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells. The control circuit is further configured to determine that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops and in response to the determination, receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of memory cells; a control circuit coupled to the plurality of memory cells and configured to:
receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells;
program, in multiple programming loops, the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells;
determine that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops; and
in response to the determination, receive data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. 2. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
receive a request for a status on the programming of the set of memory cells; and generate a response indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 3. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to receive, during the last programming loop, an instruction to program the other set of memory cells and the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the other set of memory cells. 4. The apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
receive an instruction to pause programming of the set of memory cells; complete the last programming loop in programming of the set of memory cells; and pause programming of the other set of memory cells. 5. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
access a register indicating a number of programming loops needed to perform a program operation on a set of memory cells, the number of programming loops determined during characterization of the apparatus; and determine, based on the number of programming loops, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 6. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to:
inhibit further programming of fully programmed memory cells of the set of memory cells; and determine, based on a number of inhibited memory cells, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 7. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to generate, in response to the determination, a notification indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 8. A controller in communication with a plurality of memory cells of a memory apparatus, the controller configured to:
transfer, to the memory apparatus, data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells; instruct the memory apparatus to program the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells; receive, from the memory apparatus, a notification that programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of multiple programming loops; and transfer, to the memory apparatus, data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. 9. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to instruct the memory apparatus to alert the controller when programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 10. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to request a status on the programming of the set of memory cells. 11. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to transfer, to the memory apparatus in response to the notification, the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the other set of memory cells during the last programming loop. 12. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to request a status on the programming of the set of memory cells. 13. The controller as set forth in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to instruct pausing of the programming of the set of memory cells in response to receiving a read request from a host. 14. A method of operating a memory apparatus including a plurality of memory cells, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving data indicating a data state for each memory cell of a set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells; programing, in multiple programming loops, the set of memory cells according to the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the set of memory cells; determining that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops; and in response to the determination, receiving data indicating a data state for each memory cell of another set of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells. 15. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the steps of:
receiving a request for a status on the programming of the set of memory cells; and generating a response indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. 16. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the step of receiving, during the last programming loop, an instruction to program the other set of memory cells and the data indicating the data state for each memory cell of the other set of memory cells. 17. The method as set forth in claim 16, further including the steps of:
receiving an instruction to pause programming of the set of memory cells; completing the last programming loop in programming of the set of memory cells; and pausing programming of the other set of memory cells. 18. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the steps of:
accessing a register indicating a number of programming loops needed to perform a program operation on a set of memory cells, the number of programming loops determined during characterization of the apparatus; and determining, based on the number of programming loops, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in a last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 19. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the steps of:
inhibiting further programming of fully programmed memory cells of the set of memory cells; and determining, based on a number of inhibited memory cells, that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop of the multiple programming loops. 20. The method as set forth in claim 14, further including the step of generating, in response to the determination, a notification indicating that the programming of the set of memory cells is in the last programming loop. | 2,100 |
343,928 | 16,803,307 | 2,184 | A reconfigurable triplexer that can support more frequency bands than a traditional triplexer is disclosed. For example, the reconfigurable triplexer can handle frequencies of several hundred megahertz up to 10 gigahertz. Further, certain implementations of the reconfigurable multiplexer can reduce or eliminate frequency dead zones that exist with traditional multiplexers. The reconfigurable triplexer includes a multi-stage filter bank capable of supporting a number of frequency bands and a bypass circuit that enables the triplexer to support a variety of sets of frequencies. For instance, unlike traditional triplexers, the reconfigurable triplexer can support both frequency bands with relatively narrow spacing and frequency bands with relatively wide spacing. Further, the inclusion of the bypass circuit enables the reduction or elimination of dead zones between supported frequencies. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A triplexer circuit comprising:
a first filter bank in series with a second filter bank, each of the first filter bank and the second filter bank including one or more filters, the first filter bank in communication with an input port of the triplexer and the second filter bank in communication with a load circuit bank; the load circuit bank including a set of load circuits configured to reduce insertion loss in a communication path between the input port of the triplexer and an output port of the triplexer; and a plurality of bypass circuits between the first filter bank and the load circuit bank enabling a signal to bypass the second filter bank and be provided to the load circuit bank. 22. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 wherein at least one bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is of a first circuit type and at least one other bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is of a second circuit type that differs from the first circuit type. 23. The triplexer circuit of claim 22 wherein the at least one bypass circuit of the first circuit type is a phase shift network, and the at least one other bypass circuit of the second circuit type is not a phase shift network. 24. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 further comprising a plurality of switches, at least some of the switches of the plurality of switches configured to selectively connect filters of the second filter bank to load circuits of the load circuit bank based on a control signal corresponding to a determined communication frequency. 25. The triplexer circuit of claim 24 wherein at least one filter of the first filter bank is directly connected to a switch from the plurality of switches without being connected to the second filter bank or the plurality of bypass circuits. 26. The triplexer circuit of claim 24 wherein a switch from the plurality of switches connects at least one bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits to a load circuit from the set of load circuits when a control signal associated with a carrier aggregation mode is received and connects the at least one bypass circuit to the output of the triplexer when a control signal associated with a non-carrier aggregation mode is received. 27. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 wherein the first filter bank includes a first low pass filter and a first high pass filter, and the second filter bank includes a second low pass filter and a second high pass filter. 28. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 further comprising one or more additional filter banks connected in series with the first filter bank and the second filter bank. 29. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 further comprising a bypass switch between the first filter bank and the plurality of bypass circuits. 30. The triplexer circuit of claim 29 wherein the bypass switch is closed when a non-carrier aggregation signal is received. 31. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 wherein a first bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a first frequency band, and a second bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a second frequency band. 32. A transceiver comprising:
a power amplifier module including one or more power amplifiers; and a triplexer circuit in communication with the power amplifier module, the triplexer including a first filter bank in series with a second filter bank, a load circuit bank, and a plurality of bypass circuits, the first filter bank and the second filter bank each including one or more filters, the first filter bank in communication with an input port of the triplexer and the second filter bank in communication with the load circuit bank, the load circuit bank including a set of load circuits configured to reduce insertion loss in a communication path between the input port of the triplexer and an output port of the triplexer, and the plurality of bypass circuits positioned between the first filter bank and the load circuit bank enabling a signal to bypass the second filter bank. 33. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a plurality of switches, at least some of the switches of the plurality of switches configured to selectively connect filters of the second filter bank to load circuits of the load circuit bank based on a control signal corresponding to a determined communication frequency. 34. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes one or more additional filter banks connected in series with the first filter bank and the second filter bank. 35. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a bypass switch between the first filter bank and the plurality of bypass circuits, the bypass switch configured in a closed position when a non-carrier aggregation signal is received. 36. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein a first bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a first frequency band, and a second bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a second frequency band. 37. A wireless device comprising:
a transceiver including a triplexer circuit and a power amplifier module that includes one or more power amplifiers, the triplexer circuit in communication with the power amplifier module and including a first filter bank in series with a second filter bank, a load circuit bank, and a plurality of bypass circuits, the first filter bank and the second filter bank each including one or more filters, the first filter bank in communication with an input port of the triplexer and the second filter bank in communication with the load circuit bank, the load circuit bank including a set of load circuits configured to reduce insertion loss in a communication path between the input port of the triplexer and an output port of the triplexer, and the plurality of bypass circuits positioned between the first filter bank and the load circuit bank enabling a signal to bypass the second filter bank; and a baseband processor configured to control configuration of the triplexer circuit based at least in part on a communication from a base station. 38. The wireless device of claim 37 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a plurality of switches, at least some of the switches of the plurality of switches configured to selectively connect filters of the second filter bank to load circuits of the load circuit bank based on a control signal generated by the baseband processor. 39. The wireless device of claim 38 wherein a switch from the plurality of switches connects at least one bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits to a load circuit from the set of load circuits when the triplexer operates in a carrier aggregation mode and connects the at least one bypass circuit to the output of the triplexer when the triplexer operates in a non-carrier aggregation mode. 40. The wireless device of claim 37 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a bypass switch between the first filter bank and the plurality of bypass circuits, the bypass switch configured in a closed position when a non-carrier aggregation signal is received. | A reconfigurable triplexer that can support more frequency bands than a traditional triplexer is disclosed. For example, the reconfigurable triplexer can handle frequencies of several hundred megahertz up to 10 gigahertz. Further, certain implementations of the reconfigurable multiplexer can reduce or eliminate frequency dead zones that exist with traditional multiplexers. The reconfigurable triplexer includes a multi-stage filter bank capable of supporting a number of frequency bands and a bypass circuit that enables the triplexer to support a variety of sets of frequencies. For instance, unlike traditional triplexers, the reconfigurable triplexer can support both frequency bands with relatively narrow spacing and frequency bands with relatively wide spacing. Further, the inclusion of the bypass circuit enables the reduction or elimination of dead zones between supported frequencies.1-20. (canceled) 21. A triplexer circuit comprising:
a first filter bank in series with a second filter bank, each of the first filter bank and the second filter bank including one or more filters, the first filter bank in communication with an input port of the triplexer and the second filter bank in communication with a load circuit bank; the load circuit bank including a set of load circuits configured to reduce insertion loss in a communication path between the input port of the triplexer and an output port of the triplexer; and a plurality of bypass circuits between the first filter bank and the load circuit bank enabling a signal to bypass the second filter bank and be provided to the load circuit bank. 22. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 wherein at least one bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is of a first circuit type and at least one other bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is of a second circuit type that differs from the first circuit type. 23. The triplexer circuit of claim 22 wherein the at least one bypass circuit of the first circuit type is a phase shift network, and the at least one other bypass circuit of the second circuit type is not a phase shift network. 24. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 further comprising a plurality of switches, at least some of the switches of the plurality of switches configured to selectively connect filters of the second filter bank to load circuits of the load circuit bank based on a control signal corresponding to a determined communication frequency. 25. The triplexer circuit of claim 24 wherein at least one filter of the first filter bank is directly connected to a switch from the plurality of switches without being connected to the second filter bank or the plurality of bypass circuits. 26. The triplexer circuit of claim 24 wherein a switch from the plurality of switches connects at least one bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits to a load circuit from the set of load circuits when a control signal associated with a carrier aggregation mode is received and connects the at least one bypass circuit to the output of the triplexer when a control signal associated with a non-carrier aggregation mode is received. 27. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 wherein the first filter bank includes a first low pass filter and a first high pass filter, and the second filter bank includes a second low pass filter and a second high pass filter. 28. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 further comprising one or more additional filter banks connected in series with the first filter bank and the second filter bank. 29. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 further comprising a bypass switch between the first filter bank and the plurality of bypass circuits. 30. The triplexer circuit of claim 29 wherein the bypass switch is closed when a non-carrier aggregation signal is received. 31. The triplexer circuit of claim 21 wherein a first bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a first frequency band, and a second bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a second frequency band. 32. A transceiver comprising:
a power amplifier module including one or more power amplifiers; and a triplexer circuit in communication with the power amplifier module, the triplexer including a first filter bank in series with a second filter bank, a load circuit bank, and a plurality of bypass circuits, the first filter bank and the second filter bank each including one or more filters, the first filter bank in communication with an input port of the triplexer and the second filter bank in communication with the load circuit bank, the load circuit bank including a set of load circuits configured to reduce insertion loss in a communication path between the input port of the triplexer and an output port of the triplexer, and the plurality of bypass circuits positioned between the first filter bank and the load circuit bank enabling a signal to bypass the second filter bank. 33. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a plurality of switches, at least some of the switches of the plurality of switches configured to selectively connect filters of the second filter bank to load circuits of the load circuit bank based on a control signal corresponding to a determined communication frequency. 34. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes one or more additional filter banks connected in series with the first filter bank and the second filter bank. 35. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a bypass switch between the first filter bank and the plurality of bypass circuits, the bypass switch configured in a closed position when a non-carrier aggregation signal is received. 36. The transceiver of claim 32 wherein a first bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a first frequency band, and a second bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits is configured with respect to a second frequency band. 37. A wireless device comprising:
a transceiver including a triplexer circuit and a power amplifier module that includes one or more power amplifiers, the triplexer circuit in communication with the power amplifier module and including a first filter bank in series with a second filter bank, a load circuit bank, and a plurality of bypass circuits, the first filter bank and the second filter bank each including one or more filters, the first filter bank in communication with an input port of the triplexer and the second filter bank in communication with the load circuit bank, the load circuit bank including a set of load circuits configured to reduce insertion loss in a communication path between the input port of the triplexer and an output port of the triplexer, and the plurality of bypass circuits positioned between the first filter bank and the load circuit bank enabling a signal to bypass the second filter bank; and a baseband processor configured to control configuration of the triplexer circuit based at least in part on a communication from a base station. 38. The wireless device of claim 37 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a plurality of switches, at least some of the switches of the plurality of switches configured to selectively connect filters of the second filter bank to load circuits of the load circuit bank based on a control signal generated by the baseband processor. 39. The wireless device of claim 38 wherein a switch from the plurality of switches connects at least one bypass circuit of the plurality of bypass circuits to a load circuit from the set of load circuits when the triplexer operates in a carrier aggregation mode and connects the at least one bypass circuit to the output of the triplexer when the triplexer operates in a non-carrier aggregation mode. 40. The wireless device of claim 37 wherein the triplexer circuit further includes a bypass switch between the first filter bank and the plurality of bypass circuits, the bypass switch configured in a closed position when a non-carrier aggregation signal is received. | 2,100 |
343,929 | 16,803,384 | 2,184 | A baling chamber for an agricultural baler includes: a plurality of sidewalls defining a volume, one of the sidewalls having a roll opening formed therein; a plurality of belts disposed within the volume; a sledge assembly including at least one roll that is pivotable within the volume, the at least one roll having an exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening and a bearing disposed outside of the volume and associated with the exterior portion; and a drive assembly disposed outside of the volume, coupled to the exterior portion, and configured to rotate the at least one roll. | 1. A baling chamber for an agricultural baler, comprising:
a plurality of sidewalls defining a volume, one of the sidewalls having a roll opening formed therein; a plurality of belts disposed within the volume; a sledge assembly comprising at least one roll that is pivotable within the volume, the at least one roll comprising an exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening and a bearing disposed outside of the volume and associated with the exterior portion; and a drive assembly disposed outside of the volume, coupled to the exterior portion, and configured to rotate the at least one roll. 2. The baling chamber of claim 1, further comprising a movable cover carried with the at least one roll and at least partially covering the roll opening. 3. The baling chamber of claim 2, wherein the movable cover is configured to cover at least 90% of the roll opening that is not occupied by the at least one roll. 4. The baling chamber of claim 2, further comprising a channel wall spaced from the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein to define a channel between the channel wall and the sidewall, the movable cover being at least partially disposed in the channel. 5. The baling chamber of claim 4, wherein the movable cover is configured to slide within the channel during pivoting of the at least one roll. 6. The baling chamber of claim 1, wherein the roll opening is an arcuate slot. 7. The baling chamber of claim 1, wherein the at least one roll comprises a plurality of rolls, each of the rolls having a respective exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening. 8. The baling chamber of claim 1, further comprising a cover panel movably coupled with the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein, the cover panel covering the exterior portion of the at least one roll and the drive assembly. 9. The baling chamber of claim 1, wherein the sledge assembly comprises a pivotable sledge coupled with the at least one roll. 10. The baling chamber of claim 9, wherein the sledge is disposed outside of the volume. 11. An agricultural baler, comprising:
a chassis; and a baling chamber carried by the chassis, the baling chamber comprising:
a plurality of sidewalls defining a volume, one of the sidewalls having a roll opening formed therein;
a plurality of belts disposed within the volume;
a sledge assembly comprising at least one roll that is pivotable within the volume, the at least one roll comprising an exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening and a bearing disposed outside of the volume and associated with the exterior portion; and
a drive assembly disposed outside of the volume, coupled to the exterior portion, and configured to rotate the at least one roll. 12. The agricultural baler of claim 11, further comprising a movable cover carried with the at least one roll and at least partially covering the roll opening. 13. The agricultural baler of claim 12, wherein the movable cover is configured to cover at least 90% of the roll opening that is not occupied by the at least one roll. 14. The agricultural baler of claim 12, further comprising a channel wall spaced from the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein to define a channel between the channel wall and the sidewall, the movable cover being at least partially disposed in the channel. 15. The agricultural baler of claim 14, wherein the movable cover is configured to slide within the channel during pivoting of the at least one roll. 16. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the roll opening is an arcuate slot. 17. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the at least one roll comprises a plurality of rolls, each of the rolls having a respective exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening. 18. The agricultural baler of claim 11, further comprising a cover panel movably coupled with the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein, the cover panel covering the exterior portion of the at least one roll and the drive assembly. 19. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the sledge assembly comprises a pivotable sledge coupled with the at least one roll. 20. The agricultural baler of claim 11, further comprising a power take-off carried by the chassis and coupled to the drive assembly, the power take-off being configured to couple to a power source and provide mechanical power to the drive assembly | A baling chamber for an agricultural baler includes: a plurality of sidewalls defining a volume, one of the sidewalls having a roll opening formed therein; a plurality of belts disposed within the volume; a sledge assembly including at least one roll that is pivotable within the volume, the at least one roll having an exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening and a bearing disposed outside of the volume and associated with the exterior portion; and a drive assembly disposed outside of the volume, coupled to the exterior portion, and configured to rotate the at least one roll.1. A baling chamber for an agricultural baler, comprising:
a plurality of sidewalls defining a volume, one of the sidewalls having a roll opening formed therein; a plurality of belts disposed within the volume; a sledge assembly comprising at least one roll that is pivotable within the volume, the at least one roll comprising an exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening and a bearing disposed outside of the volume and associated with the exterior portion; and a drive assembly disposed outside of the volume, coupled to the exterior portion, and configured to rotate the at least one roll. 2. The baling chamber of claim 1, further comprising a movable cover carried with the at least one roll and at least partially covering the roll opening. 3. The baling chamber of claim 2, wherein the movable cover is configured to cover at least 90% of the roll opening that is not occupied by the at least one roll. 4. The baling chamber of claim 2, further comprising a channel wall spaced from the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein to define a channel between the channel wall and the sidewall, the movable cover being at least partially disposed in the channel. 5. The baling chamber of claim 4, wherein the movable cover is configured to slide within the channel during pivoting of the at least one roll. 6. The baling chamber of claim 1, wherein the roll opening is an arcuate slot. 7. The baling chamber of claim 1, wherein the at least one roll comprises a plurality of rolls, each of the rolls having a respective exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening. 8. The baling chamber of claim 1, further comprising a cover panel movably coupled with the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein, the cover panel covering the exterior portion of the at least one roll and the drive assembly. 9. The baling chamber of claim 1, wherein the sledge assembly comprises a pivotable sledge coupled with the at least one roll. 10. The baling chamber of claim 9, wherein the sledge is disposed outside of the volume. 11. An agricultural baler, comprising:
a chassis; and a baling chamber carried by the chassis, the baling chamber comprising:
a plurality of sidewalls defining a volume, one of the sidewalls having a roll opening formed therein;
a plurality of belts disposed within the volume;
a sledge assembly comprising at least one roll that is pivotable within the volume, the at least one roll comprising an exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening and a bearing disposed outside of the volume and associated with the exterior portion; and
a drive assembly disposed outside of the volume, coupled to the exterior portion, and configured to rotate the at least one roll. 12. The agricultural baler of claim 11, further comprising a movable cover carried with the at least one roll and at least partially covering the roll opening. 13. The agricultural baler of claim 12, wherein the movable cover is configured to cover at least 90% of the roll opening that is not occupied by the at least one roll. 14. The agricultural baler of claim 12, further comprising a channel wall spaced from the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein to define a channel between the channel wall and the sidewall, the movable cover being at least partially disposed in the channel. 15. The agricultural baler of claim 14, wherein the movable cover is configured to slide within the channel during pivoting of the at least one roll. 16. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the roll opening is an arcuate slot. 17. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the at least one roll comprises a plurality of rolls, each of the rolls having a respective exterior portion that extends out of the volume through the roll opening. 18. The agricultural baler of claim 11, further comprising a cover panel movably coupled with the sidewall having the roll opening formed therein, the cover panel covering the exterior portion of the at least one roll and the drive assembly. 19. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the sledge assembly comprises a pivotable sledge coupled with the at least one roll. 20. The agricultural baler of claim 11, further comprising a power take-off carried by the chassis and coupled to the drive assembly, the power take-off being configured to couple to a power source and provide mechanical power to the drive assembly | 2,100 |
343,930 | 16,803,390 | 2,184 | It is intended to provide a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer and a method for detecting esophageal cancer. The present invention provides a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to miRNA(s) in a sample f a subject, and a method for detecting esophageal cancer, comprising measuring the miRNA in vitro. | 1. A kit for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising at least one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of esophageal cancer markers: miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p, miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417, miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p, miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p, miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072, miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p, miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651, miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154, miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476, miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p, miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197, miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p, miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p, miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202, miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443, miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b, miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p, miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532, miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739, miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688, miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p, miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p, miR-4484, miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p. 2. (canceled) 3. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):
(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675, (c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d). 4. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the kit further comprises at least nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to polynucleotide(s) selected from other esophageal cancer markers miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 and miR-6879-5p. 5. (canceled) 6. The kit according to claim 4, wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):
(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676, (h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i). 7-10. (canceled) 11. A device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising at least nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of esophageal cancer markers: miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p, miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417, miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p, miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p, miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072, miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p, miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651, miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154, miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476, miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p, miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197, miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p, miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p, miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202, miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443, miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b, miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p, miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532, miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739, miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688, miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p, miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p, miR-4484, miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p. 12. (canceled) 13. The device according to claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):
(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675, (c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d). 14. The device according to claim 11, wherein the device further comprises a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from other esophageal cancer markers miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p. 15. (canceled) 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):
(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676, (h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i). 17-19. (canceled) 20. The device according to claim 11, wherein the device is a device for measurement by a hybridization technique. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the hybridization technique is a nucleic acid array technique. 22. (canceled) 23. A method for detecting esophageal cancer in a subject, comprising measuring expression level of at least one target nucleic acid in a sample of a subject using a kit according to claim 1, and determining the in vitro whether or not the subject has esophageal cancer using through comparing the measured expression level with a control expression level in a sample from a healthy subject measured in the same way. 24. (canceled) 25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the sample is blood, serum, or plasma. 26. The method according to claim 23, wherein the kit further comprises at least one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of other esophageal cancer markers: miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p. 27. The method according to claim 23, further comprising treating the subject for esophageal cancer or performing a diagnostic procedure on the subject. 28. A method for detecting esophageal cancer in a subject, comprising measuring expression level of at least one target nucleic acid in a sample from a subject using a device according to claim 11, and determining in vitro whether or not the subject has esophageal cancer through comparing the measured expression level with a control expression level in a sample from a healthy subject measured in the same way. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the device further comprises at least one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of other esophageal cancer markers: miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p. 30. The method according to claim 28, further comprising treating the subject for esophageal cancer or performing a diagnostic procedure on the subject. | It is intended to provide a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer and a method for detecting esophageal cancer. The present invention provides a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to miRNA(s) in a sample f a subject, and a method for detecting esophageal cancer, comprising measuring the miRNA in vitro.1. A kit for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising at least one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of esophageal cancer markers: miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p, miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417, miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p, miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p, miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072, miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p, miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651, miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154, miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476, miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p, miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197, miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p, miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p, miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202, miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443, miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b, miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p, miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532, miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739, miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688, miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p, miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p, miR-4484, miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p. 2. (canceled) 3. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):
(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675, (c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d). 4. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the kit further comprises at least nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to polynucleotide(s) selected from other esophageal cancer markers miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 and miR-6879-5p. 5. (canceled) 6. The kit according to claim 4, wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):
(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676, (h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i). 7-10. (canceled) 11. A device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising at least nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of esophageal cancer markers: miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p, miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417, miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p, miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p, miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072, miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p, miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651, miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154, miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476, miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p, miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197, miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p, miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p, miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202, miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443, miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b, miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p, miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532, miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739, miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688, miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p, miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p, miR-4484, miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p. 12. (canceled) 13. The device according to claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):
(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675, (c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d). 14. The device according to claim 11, wherein the device further comprises a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from other esophageal cancer markers miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p. 15. (canceled) 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):
(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676, (h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides, (i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116, 190 to 214 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, and (j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i). 17-19. (canceled) 20. The device according to claim 11, wherein the device is a device for measurement by a hybridization technique. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the hybridization technique is a nucleic acid array technique. 22. (canceled) 23. A method for detecting esophageal cancer in a subject, comprising measuring expression level of at least one target nucleic acid in a sample of a subject using a kit according to claim 1, and determining the in vitro whether or not the subject has esophageal cancer using through comparing the measured expression level with a control expression level in a sample from a healthy subject measured in the same way. 24. (canceled) 25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the sample is blood, serum, or plasma. 26. The method according to claim 23, wherein the kit further comprises at least one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of other esophageal cancer markers: miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p. 27. The method according to claim 23, further comprising treating the subject for esophageal cancer or performing a diagnostic procedure on the subject. 28. A method for detecting esophageal cancer in a subject, comprising measuring expression level of at least one target nucleic acid in a sample from a subject using a device according to claim 11, and determining in vitro whether or not the subject has esophageal cancer through comparing the measured expression level with a control expression level in a sample from a healthy subject measured in the same way. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the device further comprises at least one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of other esophageal cancer markers: miR-575, miR-24-3p, miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p. 30. The method according to claim 28, further comprising treating the subject for esophageal cancer or performing a diagnostic procedure on the subject. | 2,100 |
343,931 | 16,803,328 | 2,184 | Systems and methods for analysis of fluid leakage are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to receive in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure; analyze frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and institute a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. | 1-242. (canceled) 243. A computer-implemented method for analysis of fluid leakage during surgery, the method including:
receiving in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure; analyzing frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and instituting a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. 244. The method of claim 243, wherein the fluid includes at least one of blood, bile or urine. 245. The method of claim 243, wherein analyzing includes analyzing the frames of the intracavitary video to identify a blood splash and at least one property of the blood splash, and wherein a selection of the remedial action depends on the at least one property of the identified blood splash. 246. The method of claim 245, wherein the at least one property is associated with a source of the blood splash. 247. The method of claim 245, wherein the at least one property is associated with an intensity of the blood splash. 248. The method of claim 245, wherein the at least one property is associated with a volume of the blood splash. 249. The method of claim 243, wherein analyzing the frames of the intracavitary video includes determining a property of the abnormal fluid leakage situation, and wherein a selection of the remedial action depends on the determined property. 250. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a volume of the fluid leakage. 251. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a color of the fluid leakage. 252. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a type of fluid associated with the fluid leakage. 253. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a fluid leakage rate. 254. The method of claim 243, wherein the method further comprises storing the intracavitary video, and, upon determining the abnormal leakage situation, analyzing prior frames of the stored intracavitary video to determine a leakage source. 255. The method of claim 243, wherein instituting the remedial action includes providing a notification of a leakage source. 256. The method of claim 255, wherein determining the leakage source includes identifying a ruptured anatomical organ. 257. The method of claim 243, wherein the method further comprises determining a flow rate associated with the fluid leakage situation, and wherein instituting the remedial action is based on the flow rate. 258. The method of claim 243, wherein the method further comprises determining a volume of fluid loss associated with the fluid leakage situation, and wherein instituting the remedial action is based on the volume of fluid loss. 259. The method of claim 243, wherein analyzing frames of intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in intracavitary video comprises determining whether the determined fluid leakage situation is an abnormal fluid leakage situation, and wherein the method further comprises:
in response to a determination that the determined fluid leakage situation is an abnormal fluid leakage situation, instituting the remedial action; and in response to a determination that the determined fluid leakage situation is normal fluid leakage situation, forgoing institution of the remedial action. 260. The method of claim 243, wherein the intracavitary video depicts a surgical robot performing the surgical procedure, and the remedial action includes sending instructions to the robot. 261. A surgical system for analysis of fluid leakage, the system including:
at least one processor configured to:
receive in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure;
analyze frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and
institute a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. 262. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling fluid leak detection, the operations comprising:
receiving in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure; analyzing frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and instituting a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. 263-282. (canceled) | Systems and methods for analysis of fluid leakage are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to receive in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure; analyze frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and institute a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined.1-242. (canceled) 243. A computer-implemented method for analysis of fluid leakage during surgery, the method including:
receiving in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure; analyzing frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and instituting a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. 244. The method of claim 243, wherein the fluid includes at least one of blood, bile or urine. 245. The method of claim 243, wherein analyzing includes analyzing the frames of the intracavitary video to identify a blood splash and at least one property of the blood splash, and wherein a selection of the remedial action depends on the at least one property of the identified blood splash. 246. The method of claim 245, wherein the at least one property is associated with a source of the blood splash. 247. The method of claim 245, wherein the at least one property is associated with an intensity of the blood splash. 248. The method of claim 245, wherein the at least one property is associated with a volume of the blood splash. 249. The method of claim 243, wherein analyzing the frames of the intracavitary video includes determining a property of the abnormal fluid leakage situation, and wherein a selection of the remedial action depends on the determined property. 250. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a volume of the fluid leakage. 251. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a color of the fluid leakage. 252. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a type of fluid associated with the fluid leakage. 253. The method of claim 249, wherein the property is associated with a fluid leakage rate. 254. The method of claim 243, wherein the method further comprises storing the intracavitary video, and, upon determining the abnormal leakage situation, analyzing prior frames of the stored intracavitary video to determine a leakage source. 255. The method of claim 243, wherein instituting the remedial action includes providing a notification of a leakage source. 256. The method of claim 255, wherein determining the leakage source includes identifying a ruptured anatomical organ. 257. The method of claim 243, wherein the method further comprises determining a flow rate associated with the fluid leakage situation, and wherein instituting the remedial action is based on the flow rate. 258. The method of claim 243, wherein the method further comprises determining a volume of fluid loss associated with the fluid leakage situation, and wherein instituting the remedial action is based on the volume of fluid loss. 259. The method of claim 243, wherein analyzing frames of intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in intracavitary video comprises determining whether the determined fluid leakage situation is an abnormal fluid leakage situation, and wherein the method further comprises:
in response to a determination that the determined fluid leakage situation is an abnormal fluid leakage situation, instituting the remedial action; and in response to a determination that the determined fluid leakage situation is normal fluid leakage situation, forgoing institution of the remedial action. 260. The method of claim 243, wherein the intracavitary video depicts a surgical robot performing the surgical procedure, and the remedial action includes sending instructions to the robot. 261. A surgical system for analysis of fluid leakage, the system including:
at least one processor configured to:
receive in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure;
analyze frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and
institute a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. 262. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling fluid leak detection, the operations comprising:
receiving in real time, intracavitary video of a surgical procedure; analyzing frames of the intracavitary video to determine an abnormal fluid leakage situation in the intracavitary video; and instituting a remedial action when the abnormal fluid leakage situation is determined. 263-282. (canceled) | 2,100 |
343,932 | 16,803,412 | 2,184 | The present invention is a lightweight lens cell assembly forming a nightvision eyepiece. The lens cell has an integral focusing mechanism and at least one lens element manufactured from a polymer. Because the lens cell is manufactured from a material thermally matched to the polymer and the lens element is integrally connected to the lens cell or connected to the lens cell by an interference fit, the assembly provides significant benefits to both weight and error reduction. | 1. A lens cell assembly comprising:
a lens cell having an integral focusing mechanism and at least one sealing feature extending around an outer circumference of the lens cell; and at least one lens element manufactured from a polymer, wherein the lens cell is manufactured from a material thermally matched to the polymer. 2. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the integral focusing mechanism is a thread groove. 3. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the thread groove is a three-start thread. 4. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the material is the polymer. 5. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one sealing feature comprises at least one seal gland. 6. The lens cell assembly of claim 5, wherein the lens cell further comprises at least one circular spring located within the at least one seal gland. 7. The lens cell assembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one circular spring comprises at least one elastomeric O-ring. 8. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens cell further comprises at least one chamfer located on an inner lens cell wall. 9. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens cell assembly further comprises a conductive coating deposited on a surface of the lens cell for facilitating electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection. 10. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens cell assembly further comprises a transparent conductive coating deposited on a surface of the at least one lens element for facilitating EMI protection. 11. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one diffractive surface. 12. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one aspherical surface. 13. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one sealant groove located on an outer periphery of the at least one lens element. 14. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one edge channel located on an outer periphery of the at least one lens element. 15. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the lens cell or the at least one lens element further comprises at least one integral spacer. 16. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one edge thread extending along an outer periphery of the at least one lens element. 17. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element is connected to the lens cell by an interference fit. 18. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element is integrally connected to the lens cell. 19. The lens cell assembly of claim 18, wherein at least one lens element is molded simultaneously with the lens cell. 20. The lens cell assembly of claim 18, wherein the lens cell is overmolded onto the at least one lens element after formation of the at least one lens element. | The present invention is a lightweight lens cell assembly forming a nightvision eyepiece. The lens cell has an integral focusing mechanism and at least one lens element manufactured from a polymer. Because the lens cell is manufactured from a material thermally matched to the polymer and the lens element is integrally connected to the lens cell or connected to the lens cell by an interference fit, the assembly provides significant benefits to both weight and error reduction.1. A lens cell assembly comprising:
a lens cell having an integral focusing mechanism and at least one sealing feature extending around an outer circumference of the lens cell; and at least one lens element manufactured from a polymer, wherein the lens cell is manufactured from a material thermally matched to the polymer. 2. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the integral focusing mechanism is a thread groove. 3. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the thread groove is a three-start thread. 4. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the material is the polymer. 5. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one sealing feature comprises at least one seal gland. 6. The lens cell assembly of claim 5, wherein the lens cell further comprises at least one circular spring located within the at least one seal gland. 7. The lens cell assembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one circular spring comprises at least one elastomeric O-ring. 8. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens cell further comprises at least one chamfer located on an inner lens cell wall. 9. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens cell assembly further comprises a conductive coating deposited on a surface of the lens cell for facilitating electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection. 10. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens cell assembly further comprises a transparent conductive coating deposited on a surface of the at least one lens element for facilitating EMI protection. 11. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one diffractive surface. 12. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one aspherical surface. 13. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one sealant groove located on an outer periphery of the at least one lens element. 14. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one edge channel located on an outer periphery of the at least one lens element. 15. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the lens cell or the at least one lens element further comprises at least one integral spacer. 16. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element further comprises at least one edge thread extending along an outer periphery of the at least one lens element. 17. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element is connected to the lens cell by an interference fit. 18. The lens cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element is integrally connected to the lens cell. 19. The lens cell assembly of claim 18, wherein at least one lens element is molded simultaneously with the lens cell. 20. The lens cell assembly of claim 18, wherein the lens cell is overmolded onto the at least one lens element after formation of the at least one lens element. | 2,100 |
343,933 | 16,803,399 | 2,184 | Vehicle mounted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems and associated methods are provided. An example vehicle mounted RFID system is configured to operate an RFID system in a high-power mode. The example vehicle mounted RFID system is further configured to determine that an operating state of a vehicle switched from an active charging state to an inactive state. The example vehicle mounted RFID system is further configured to, in response to determine that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state, initialize a timer for a period of time. The example vehicle mounted RFID system is further configured to, in response to an elapse of the period of time, switch the RFID system to a low-power mode. | 1. A method for operating a vehicle mounted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system, the method comprising:
operating an RFID system in a high-power mode; determining that an operating state of a vehicle switched from an active charging state to an inactive state; in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state, initializing a timer for a period of time; and in response to an elapse of the period of time, switching the RFID system to a low-power mode. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a signal from a motion sensor indicative of a detected motion in the vehicle;
in response to receiving the signal indicative of the detected motion, switching the RFID system to a high-power mode; and
re-initializing the timer for the period of time. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or an active noncharging state; and
in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or the active noncharging state, switching the RFID system to the high-power mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is in the active charging state when the engine of the vehicle is on, and wherein the vehicle is in the inactive state when the engine of the vehicle is off. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises using a voltage detector to monitor a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the RFID system is powered by a backup battery connected to a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle in the low-power mode, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing the backup battery to start charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
causing the backup battery to stop charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the inactive state. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the RFID system is configured to transmit an interrogation signal to a plurality of RFID tags associated with a plurality of items loaded in the vehicle in the high-power mode. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving a response from an RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags, in response to the interrogation signal. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises receiving an electric signal from a wire physically attached with an ignition switch of the vehicle. 11. A vehicle mounted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system configured to:
operate an RFID system in a high-power mode; determine that an operating state of a vehicle switched from an active charging state to an inactive state; in response to determine that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state, initialize a timer for a period of time; and in response to an elapse of the period of time, switch the RFID system to a low-power mode. 12. The RFID system of claim 11, further configured to:
receive a signal from a motion sensor indicative of a detected motion in the vehicle; in response to receiving the signal indicative of the detected motion, switch the RFID system to a high-power mode; and re-initialize the timer for the period of time. 13. The RFID system of claim 11, further configured to:
determine that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or an active noncharging state; and in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or the active noncharging state, switch the RFID system to the high-power mode. 14. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein the vehicle is in the active charging state when the engine of the vehicle is on, and wherein the vehicle is in the inactive state when the engine of the vehicle is off. 15. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises using a voltage detector to monitor a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle. 16. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein the RFID system is powered by a backup battery connected to a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle in the low-power mode, and wherein the RFID system is further configured to:
cause the backup battery to start charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state. 17. The RFID system of claim 16, further configured to:
cause the backup battery to stop charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the inactive state. 18. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein the RFID system in the high-power mode is configured to transmit an interrogation signal to a plurality of RFID tags associated with a plurality of items loaded in the vehicle. 19. The RFID system of claim 18, further configured to receive a response from an RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags, in response to the interrogation signal. 20. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises receiving an electric signal from a wire physically attached with an ignition switch of the vehicle. | Vehicle mounted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems and associated methods are provided. An example vehicle mounted RFID system is configured to operate an RFID system in a high-power mode. The example vehicle mounted RFID system is further configured to determine that an operating state of a vehicle switched from an active charging state to an inactive state. The example vehicle mounted RFID system is further configured to, in response to determine that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state, initialize a timer for a period of time. The example vehicle mounted RFID system is further configured to, in response to an elapse of the period of time, switch the RFID system to a low-power mode.1. A method for operating a vehicle mounted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system, the method comprising:
operating an RFID system in a high-power mode; determining that an operating state of a vehicle switched from an active charging state to an inactive state; in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state, initializing a timer for a period of time; and in response to an elapse of the period of time, switching the RFID system to a low-power mode. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a signal from a motion sensor indicative of a detected motion in the vehicle;
in response to receiving the signal indicative of the detected motion, switching the RFID system to a high-power mode; and
re-initializing the timer for the period of time. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or an active noncharging state; and
in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or the active noncharging state, switching the RFID system to the high-power mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is in the active charging state when the engine of the vehicle is on, and wherein the vehicle is in the inactive state when the engine of the vehicle is off. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises using a voltage detector to monitor a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the RFID system is powered by a backup battery connected to a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle in the low-power mode, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing the backup battery to start charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
causing the backup battery to stop charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the inactive state. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the RFID system is configured to transmit an interrogation signal to a plurality of RFID tags associated with a plurality of items loaded in the vehicle in the high-power mode. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving a response from an RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags, in response to the interrogation signal. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises receiving an electric signal from a wire physically attached with an ignition switch of the vehicle. 11. A vehicle mounted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system configured to:
operate an RFID system in a high-power mode; determine that an operating state of a vehicle switched from an active charging state to an inactive state; in response to determine that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state, initialize a timer for a period of time; and in response to an elapse of the period of time, switch the RFID system to a low-power mode. 12. The RFID system of claim 11, further configured to:
receive a signal from a motion sensor indicative of a detected motion in the vehicle; in response to receiving the signal indicative of the detected motion, switch the RFID system to a high-power mode; and re-initialize the timer for the period of time. 13. The RFID system of claim 11, further configured to:
determine that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or an active noncharging state; and in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state or the active noncharging state, switch the RFID system to the high-power mode. 14. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein the vehicle is in the active charging state when the engine of the vehicle is on, and wherein the vehicle is in the inactive state when the engine of the vehicle is off. 15. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises using a voltage detector to monitor a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle. 16. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein the RFID system is powered by a backup battery connected to a vehicle battery associated with the vehicle in the low-power mode, and wherein the RFID system is further configured to:
cause the backup battery to start charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the active charging state. 17. The RFID system of claim 16, further configured to:
cause the backup battery to stop charging from the vehicle battery in response to determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched to the inactive state. 18. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein the RFID system in the high-power mode is configured to transmit an interrogation signal to a plurality of RFID tags associated with a plurality of items loaded in the vehicle. 19. The RFID system of claim 18, further configured to receive a response from an RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags, in response to the interrogation signal. 20. The RFID system of claim 11, wherein determining that the operating state of the vehicle switched from the active charging state to the inactive state comprises receiving an electric signal from a wire physically attached with an ignition switch of the vehicle. | 2,100 |
343,934 | 16,803,394 | 2,184 | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first value and the second value each are selected from candidates defined in the AVC standard, the candidates include a first candidate which is provided for the first value and which is equal to 1 or 14, the candidates include a second candidate which is provided for the second value and which is equal to 18, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support the second OETF. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on the first OETF. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports the first OETF and the second OETF. 7. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first value and the second value each are selected from candidates defined in the AVC standard, the candidates include a first candidate which is provided for the first value and which is equal to 1 or 14, the candidates include a second candidate which is provided for the second value and which is equal to 18, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support the second OETF. | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data.1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first value and the second value each are selected from candidates defined in the AVC standard, the candidates include a first candidate which is provided for the first value and which is equal to 1 or 14, the candidates include a second candidate which is provided for the second value and which is equal to 18, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support the second OETF. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on the first OETF. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports the first OETF and the second OETF. 7. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first value and the second value each are selected from candidates defined in the AVC standard, the candidates include a first candidate which is provided for the first value and which is equal to 1 or 14, the candidates include a second candidate which is provided for the second value and which is equal to 18, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support the second OETF. | 2,100 |
343,935 | 16,803,335 | 2,184 | Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications. | 1. A method for preparing a modified rubber, comprising:
introducing an aqueous slurry comprising vulcanized rubber particles and an organometallic compound into an electromechanical reactor configured to generate a phase space environment with cavitation, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising reestablishing dislocated sulfidic linkages to establish within the matrix sulfur bridge cross linked, re-aligned, laminates. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein delamination is associated with a portion of rigid sulfidic bridges of the vulcanized rubber particles becoming unbound at an original methyl carbocation while remaining tethered at an original allylic carbocation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the organic anion comprises acetate ion. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature in the electromechanical reactor is maintained at ambient by use of a cooling jacket or cooling coils. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vulcanized rubber particles have a particle size greater than 200 mesh. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is employed at from 0.1 to 5.0 parts organometallic compound per hundred parts vulcanized rubber (by weight). 13. A method for preparing a modified rubber, comprising:
introducing into a progressive cavity pump, a screw pump, an extruder, or a turbo integrator a mixture comprising vulcanized rubber particles and an organometallic compound under pressure, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising reestablishing dislocated sulfidic linkages to establish within the matrix sulfur bridge cross linked, re-aligned, laminates. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein delamination is associated with a portion of rigid sulfidic bridges of the vulcanized rubber particles becoming unbound at an original methyl carbocation while remaining tethered at an original allylic carbocation. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the organic anion comprises acetate ion. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein a temperature is maintained at ambient by use of a cooling jacket or cooling coils. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the vulcanized rubber particles have a particle size greater than 200 mesh. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the organometallic compound is employed at from 0.1 to 5.0 parts organometallic compound per hundred parts vulcanized rubber (by weight). | Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.1. A method for preparing a modified rubber, comprising:
introducing an aqueous slurry comprising vulcanized rubber particles and an organometallic compound into an electromechanical reactor configured to generate a phase space environment with cavitation, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising reestablishing dislocated sulfidic linkages to establish within the matrix sulfur bridge cross linked, re-aligned, laminates. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein delamination is associated with a portion of rigid sulfidic bridges of the vulcanized rubber particles becoming unbound at an original methyl carbocation while remaining tethered at an original allylic carbocation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the organic anion comprises acetate ion. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature in the electromechanical reactor is maintained at ambient by use of a cooling jacket or cooling coils. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vulcanized rubber particles have a particle size greater than 200 mesh. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is employed at from 0.1 to 5.0 parts organometallic compound per hundred parts vulcanized rubber (by weight). 13. A method for preparing a modified rubber, comprising:
introducing into a progressive cavity pump, a screw pump, an extruder, or a turbo integrator a mixture comprising vulcanized rubber particles and an organometallic compound under pressure, so as to induce delamination of a rubber matrix within the vulcanized rubber particles as coordinated with disrupting sulfidic linkages. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising reestablishing dislocated sulfidic linkages to establish within the matrix sulfur bridge cross linked, re-aligned, laminates. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein delamination is associated with a portion of rigid sulfidic bridges of the vulcanized rubber particles becoming unbound at an original methyl carbocation while remaining tethered at an original allylic carbocation. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal having octahedral molecular geometry. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound comprises a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound comprises an organic anion as a ligand to the metal ion. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the organic anion comprises acetate ion. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the organometallic compound is copper acetate. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the organometallic compound is a metal salt that undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid in a range of 115-150° C. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein a temperature is maintained at ambient by use of a cooling jacket or cooling coils. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the vulcanized rubber particles have a particle size greater than 200 mesh. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the organometallic compound is employed at from 0.1 to 5.0 parts organometallic compound per hundred parts vulcanized rubber (by weight). | 2,100 |
343,936 | 16,803,415 | 2,895 | A light-emitting module includes a housing, a flexible film, and a protection portion. The housing includes a plurality of light-emitting units arranged in a matrix configuration and at least a switch electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of light-emitting units. The flexible film is detachably coupled to the housing. The protection portion covers the plurality of light-emitting units. | 1. A light-emitting module, comprising:
a housing, comprising:
a plurality of light-emitting units arranged in a matrix configuration; and
at least a switch electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of light-emitting units;
a flexible film detachably coupled to the housing; and
a protection portion covering the plurality of light-emitting units. 2. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible film is configured to contact a portion of human body. 3. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible film comprises a plurality of textured patterns. 4. The light-emitting module according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of textured patterns are formed in a shape of round, triangle, rectangle, prism, curved profile, polygon or any combination thereof. 5. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a first portion and a second portion, and the plurality of light-emitting units are disposed on a carrier in the first portion. 6. The light-emitting module according to claim 5, wherein the flexible film is assembled with the second portion. 7. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light-emitting units has a dimension less than 150 μm×150 μm. 8. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the protection portion is transparent to light from the plurality of light-emitting units. 9. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible film is made of biomedical material. 10. The light-emitting module according to claim 9, wherein the flexible film comprises a biomedical grade elastomer, or a biomedical grade silicone rubber. | A light-emitting module includes a housing, a flexible film, and a protection portion. The housing includes a plurality of light-emitting units arranged in a matrix configuration and at least a switch electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of light-emitting units. The flexible film is detachably coupled to the housing. The protection portion covers the plurality of light-emitting units.1. A light-emitting module, comprising:
a housing, comprising:
a plurality of light-emitting units arranged in a matrix configuration; and
at least a switch electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of light-emitting units;
a flexible film detachably coupled to the housing; and
a protection portion covering the plurality of light-emitting units. 2. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible film is configured to contact a portion of human body. 3. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible film comprises a plurality of textured patterns. 4. The light-emitting module according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of textured patterns are formed in a shape of round, triangle, rectangle, prism, curved profile, polygon or any combination thereof. 5. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a first portion and a second portion, and the plurality of light-emitting units are disposed on a carrier in the first portion. 6. The light-emitting module according to claim 5, wherein the flexible film is assembled with the second portion. 7. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light-emitting units has a dimension less than 150 μm×150 μm. 8. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the protection portion is transparent to light from the plurality of light-emitting units. 9. The light-emitting module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible film is made of biomedical material. 10. The light-emitting module according to claim 9, wherein the flexible film comprises a biomedical grade elastomer, or a biomedical grade silicone rubber. | 2,800 |
343,937 | 16,803,400 | 2,895 | Devices, methods, and program products are provided, which support multiple Digital Rights Management (DRM) schemes or platforms during the placeshifting of media content. A given placeshifting session may be initiated between a placeshifting device and a user-controlled client media receiver executing a browser player. In one embodiment, the DRM placeshifting method includes storing, in a memory associated with the placeshifting device, DRM-protected content; receiving a request from the client media receiver over a communications network to stream the DRM-protected content to the device; and obtaining a placeshifting key and initialization instructions for the DRM-protected content. The DRM-protected content is streamed to the client media receiver in an encrypted format accessible with a placeshifting decryption key. In conjunction with streaming the DRM-protected content, initialization instructions is transmitted to the client media receiver containing information utilized by the browser player to obtain the DRM license from a first license server. | 1. A method for implementing Digital Rights Management (DRM), the method comprising:
storing, in a memory associated with at least one DRM license server of a plurality of DRM license servers, a placeshifting decryption key wherein the placeshifting decryption key is used to generate one or more licenses for at least one type of supported DRM platform; identifying with DRM initialization instructions, an appropriate location at which a browser player can obtain at least one DRM license related to the placeshifting decryption key; selecting at least one DRM license server to obtain the at least one DRM license based on the identified location; determining, whether a DRM license server supports a chosen type of DRM platform to transmit DRM-protected content; and streaming the DRM-protected content over a communication network in an encrypted format made accessible with the placeshifting decryption key on the chosen type of DRM platform. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
including, in the DRM initialization instructions an Universal Resource Locator (URL) address of a DRM license server. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the URL address of a DRM license server is from which a DRM license can be obtained by the browser player. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein streaming comprises transmitting, over a communications network, a public key uniquely identifying a placeshifting device. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
using the public key to enable authentication of the placeshifting device. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
obtaining a placeshifting encryption key in communication with a plurality of DRM license servers each configured to issue a different DRM license type; and
utilizing the placeshifting encryption key to encrypt the DRM-protected content streamed to a client media receiver. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
receiving DRM platform-specific initialization information for the plurality of DRM license servers; and
transmitting the DRM platform-specific initialization instructions to the client media receiver as part of the DRM initialization instructions. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising including, in the DRM platform-specific initialization instructions, Universal Resource Locator (URL) addresses for each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the placeshifting encryption key is a symmetric key containing initialization vector data. 10. The method of claim 7 wherein transmitting the DRM initialization instructions comprises embedding the DRM initialization instructions in the streamed DRM-protected content. 11. A method for implementing Digital Rights Management (DRM) during a placeshifting session, the method comprising:
storing, in a memory associated with at least one DRM license server of a plurality of DRM license servers, the placeshifting decryption key wherein the placeshifting decryption key is used in generating one or more licenses associated with a plurality of types of supported DRM platforms; identifying with DRM initialization instructions, an appropriate location at which a browser player can obtain at least one DRM license related to the placeshifting decryption key; selecting at least one DRM license server from which to obtain at least one DRM license; determining, whether a DRM license server supports a chosen type of DRM platform of the plurality of types of supported DRM platforms to transmit DRM-protected content; and streaming DRM-protected content in an encrypted format that can be accessed by the placeshifting decryption key on the chosen type of DRM platform. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
including, in the DRM initialization instructions an Universal Resource Locator (URL) address of a DRM license server. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein each placeshifting decryption key associated with each one of the plurality of DRM license servers is each configured to issue a different DRM license type. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
in response to a transmitting of the placeshifting decryption key over a communications network, receiving DRM initialization instructions from each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprises including, in the DRM initialization instructions, Universal Resource Locator (URL) addresses for each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the placeshifting decryption key is a symmetric key pair containing initialization vector data. 17. A method for implementing Digital Rights Management (DRM) during a placeshifting session for executing a browser player, the method comprising:
storing, in a memory associated with at least one DRM license server of a plurality of DRM license servers, the placeshifting decryption key, to generate one or more licenses for at least one type of supported DRM platform; identifying, an appropriate location at which a browser player can obtain at least one DRM license related to the placeshifting decryption key; selecting via initial at least one DRM license server to obtain the at least one DRM license; determining, whether a DRM license server supports a chosen type of DRM platform to transmit DRM-protected content; and streaming DRM-protected content over a communication network in an encrypted format made accessible with the placeshifting decryption key on the chosen type of DRM platform. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
verifying an authenticity of a placeshifting device by ensuring that unique identifying information provided by the placeshifting device matches corresponding information held in the public key database. 19. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
providing DRM initialization instructions to a client media receiver of the placeshifting decryption key, and the DRM initialization instructions containing the DRM initialization instructions received from each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
verifying an authenticity of a placeshifting device by ensuring that unique identifying information provided by the placeshifting device matches corresponding information held in a public key database. | Devices, methods, and program products are provided, which support multiple Digital Rights Management (DRM) schemes or platforms during the placeshifting of media content. A given placeshifting session may be initiated between a placeshifting device and a user-controlled client media receiver executing a browser player. In one embodiment, the DRM placeshifting method includes storing, in a memory associated with the placeshifting device, DRM-protected content; receiving a request from the client media receiver over a communications network to stream the DRM-protected content to the device; and obtaining a placeshifting key and initialization instructions for the DRM-protected content. The DRM-protected content is streamed to the client media receiver in an encrypted format accessible with a placeshifting decryption key. In conjunction with streaming the DRM-protected content, initialization instructions is transmitted to the client media receiver containing information utilized by the browser player to obtain the DRM license from a first license server.1. A method for implementing Digital Rights Management (DRM), the method comprising:
storing, in a memory associated with at least one DRM license server of a plurality of DRM license servers, a placeshifting decryption key wherein the placeshifting decryption key is used to generate one or more licenses for at least one type of supported DRM platform; identifying with DRM initialization instructions, an appropriate location at which a browser player can obtain at least one DRM license related to the placeshifting decryption key; selecting at least one DRM license server to obtain the at least one DRM license based on the identified location; determining, whether a DRM license server supports a chosen type of DRM platform to transmit DRM-protected content; and streaming the DRM-protected content over a communication network in an encrypted format made accessible with the placeshifting decryption key on the chosen type of DRM platform. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
including, in the DRM initialization instructions an Universal Resource Locator (URL) address of a DRM license server. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the URL address of a DRM license server is from which a DRM license can be obtained by the browser player. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein streaming comprises transmitting, over a communications network, a public key uniquely identifying a placeshifting device. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
using the public key to enable authentication of the placeshifting device. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
obtaining a placeshifting encryption key in communication with a plurality of DRM license servers each configured to issue a different DRM license type; and
utilizing the placeshifting encryption key to encrypt the DRM-protected content streamed to a client media receiver. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
receiving DRM platform-specific initialization information for the plurality of DRM license servers; and
transmitting the DRM platform-specific initialization instructions to the client media receiver as part of the DRM initialization instructions. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising including, in the DRM platform-specific initialization instructions, Universal Resource Locator (URL) addresses for each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the placeshifting encryption key is a symmetric key containing initialization vector data. 10. The method of claim 7 wherein transmitting the DRM initialization instructions comprises embedding the DRM initialization instructions in the streamed DRM-protected content. 11. A method for implementing Digital Rights Management (DRM) during a placeshifting session, the method comprising:
storing, in a memory associated with at least one DRM license server of a plurality of DRM license servers, the placeshifting decryption key wherein the placeshifting decryption key is used in generating one or more licenses associated with a plurality of types of supported DRM platforms; identifying with DRM initialization instructions, an appropriate location at which a browser player can obtain at least one DRM license related to the placeshifting decryption key; selecting at least one DRM license server from which to obtain at least one DRM license; determining, whether a DRM license server supports a chosen type of DRM platform of the plurality of types of supported DRM platforms to transmit DRM-protected content; and streaming DRM-protected content in an encrypted format that can be accessed by the placeshifting decryption key on the chosen type of DRM platform. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
including, in the DRM initialization instructions an Universal Resource Locator (URL) address of a DRM license server. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein each placeshifting decryption key associated with each one of the plurality of DRM license servers is each configured to issue a different DRM license type. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
in response to a transmitting of the placeshifting decryption key over a communications network, receiving DRM initialization instructions from each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprises including, in the DRM initialization instructions, Universal Resource Locator (URL) addresses for each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the placeshifting decryption key is a symmetric key pair containing initialization vector data. 17. A method for implementing Digital Rights Management (DRM) during a placeshifting session for executing a browser player, the method comprising:
storing, in a memory associated with at least one DRM license server of a plurality of DRM license servers, the placeshifting decryption key, to generate one or more licenses for at least one type of supported DRM platform; identifying, an appropriate location at which a browser player can obtain at least one DRM license related to the placeshifting decryption key; selecting via initial at least one DRM license server to obtain the at least one DRM license; determining, whether a DRM license server supports a chosen type of DRM platform to transmit DRM-protected content; and streaming DRM-protected content over a communication network in an encrypted format made accessible with the placeshifting decryption key on the chosen type of DRM platform. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
verifying an authenticity of a placeshifting device by ensuring that unique identifying information provided by the placeshifting device matches corresponding information held in the public key database. 19. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
providing DRM initialization instructions to a client media receiver of the placeshifting decryption key, and the DRM initialization instructions containing the DRM initialization instructions received from each of the plurality of DRM license servers. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
verifying an authenticity of a placeshifting device by ensuring that unique identifying information provided by the placeshifting device matches corresponding information held in a public key database. | 2,800 |
343,938 | 16,803,379 | 2,895 | The present invention relates to a flexible molded skin as part of a composite structure for an airbag cover, and to a composition for producing such a skin using slush molding. The composition and flexible molded skin have a thermoplastic plasticized vinyl polymer, and a tear promoting agent selected from the group of one or more particulate blowing agents, inorganic mineral materials, organic filler materials and microspheres or a mixture of two or more of the afore mentioned materials. The particles of the particulate tear promoting agent have an average particle size of between 0.005 and 50 μm, preferably between 0.005 and 40 μm. | 1. A flexible molded skin for an airbag cover, wherein the skin comprises a sheet of a plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material having particles of a tear promoting agent dispersed therein, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent have a melting temperature above the melting temperature of the vinyl polymer material, wherein the tear promoting agent is an expandable microsphere and is contained in the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material in an amount of from 0.05 wt % to 7.5 wt % such that the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has an elongation at break of between 200.0% and 400.0% at room temperature measured according to ISO 527 part 1 and 2 test piece 5A, and a trouser tear strength of 25 N/mm or less measured according to ISO 34-1 Method A. 2. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has an elongation at break from 215% to 400%. 3. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has an elongation at break of maximum 375%. 4. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a trouser tear strength of maximum 22.5 N/mm. 5. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a trouser tear strength of from 5 N/mm to 25 N/mm. 6. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a trouser tear strength of from 7.5 N/mm to 25 N/mm. 7. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a tensile strength from 2 to 11 N/mm2, measured according to ISO 527 part 2 test piece 5A. 8. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent have an average particle size from 0.005 to 50 μm. 9. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material contains from 0.5 wt % to 5.0 wt % with respect to the weight of the sheet of the tear promoting agent. 10. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 9, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material contains from 1.0 wt % to 4.0 wt % with respect to the weight of the sheet of the tear promoting agent. 11. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent has a shell of an expandable thermoplastic material filled with a blowing agent and an aspect ration of maximum 5.0. 12. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasticized vinyl polymer comprises polyvinylchloride, optionally having a K value of at least 50 and a maximum of 80. 13. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material contains from 30-50 wt. %, of at least one plasticizer composition. 14. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plasticizer composition comprises a monomeric compound selected from the group consisting of azelates, trimellitates, sebacates, adipates, phthalates, citrates, benzoates, tallates, glutarates, fumarates, maleates, oleates, palmitates and acetates. 15. A flexible molded skin as claimed claim 1, comprising a weakening line which extends through part of a thickness of the skin. 16. A laminate, comprising a rigid carrier comprising an opening for receiving at least one airbag, wherein to at least part of one side of the rigid carrier a layer of a polymer foam is adhered, and wherein at least part of a side of the polymer foam layer opposite the side facing the carrier, is adhered to a flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1. | The present invention relates to a flexible molded skin as part of a composite structure for an airbag cover, and to a composition for producing such a skin using slush molding. The composition and flexible molded skin have a thermoplastic plasticized vinyl polymer, and a tear promoting agent selected from the group of one or more particulate blowing agents, inorganic mineral materials, organic filler materials and microspheres or a mixture of two or more of the afore mentioned materials. The particles of the particulate tear promoting agent have an average particle size of between 0.005 and 50 μm, preferably between 0.005 and 40 μm.1. A flexible molded skin for an airbag cover, wherein the skin comprises a sheet of a plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material having particles of a tear promoting agent dispersed therein, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent have a melting temperature above the melting temperature of the vinyl polymer material, wherein the tear promoting agent is an expandable microsphere and is contained in the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material in an amount of from 0.05 wt % to 7.5 wt % such that the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has an elongation at break of between 200.0% and 400.0% at room temperature measured according to ISO 527 part 1 and 2 test piece 5A, and a trouser tear strength of 25 N/mm or less measured according to ISO 34-1 Method A. 2. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has an elongation at break from 215% to 400%. 3. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has an elongation at break of maximum 375%. 4. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a trouser tear strength of maximum 22.5 N/mm. 5. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a trouser tear strength of from 5 N/mm to 25 N/mm. 6. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a trouser tear strength of from 7.5 N/mm to 25 N/mm. 7. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material has a tensile strength from 2 to 11 N/mm2, measured according to ISO 527 part 2 test piece 5A. 8. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles of the tear promoting agent have an average particle size from 0.005 to 50 μm. 9. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material contains from 0.5 wt % to 5.0 wt % with respect to the weight of the sheet of the tear promoting agent. 10. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 9, wherein the sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material contains from 1.0 wt % to 4.0 wt % with respect to the weight of the sheet of the tear promoting agent. 11. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tear promoting agent has a shell of an expandable thermoplastic material filled with a blowing agent and an aspect ration of maximum 5.0. 12. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasticized vinyl polymer comprises polyvinylchloride, optionally having a K value of at least 50 and a maximum of 80. 13. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein sheet of plasticized thermoplastic vinyl polymer material contains from 30-50 wt. %, of at least one plasticizer composition. 14. A flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plasticizer composition comprises a monomeric compound selected from the group consisting of azelates, trimellitates, sebacates, adipates, phthalates, citrates, benzoates, tallates, glutarates, fumarates, maleates, oleates, palmitates and acetates. 15. A flexible molded skin as claimed claim 1, comprising a weakening line which extends through part of a thickness of the skin. 16. A laminate, comprising a rigid carrier comprising an opening for receiving at least one airbag, wherein to at least part of one side of the rigid carrier a layer of a polymer foam is adhered, and wherein at least part of a side of the polymer foam layer opposite the side facing the carrier, is adhered to a flexible molded skin as claimed in claim 1. | 2,800 |
343,939 | 16,803,383 | 2,895 | An input method includes receiving input end indication information sent by an input module, where the input end indication information indicates that input of a character or a word ends, obtaining a location of a cursor, identifying the input character or word forward from the location of the cursor until a first punctuation input before the character or the word is identified, using the identified character or word as a previous text, and querying a word library for a next text associated with the previous text, and outputting the associated next text to a display module for displaying. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; a display coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store computer-executable codes, that when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to:
display a keyboard;
display first text inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the first text, punctuation inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the punctuation, second text inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the second text, third text inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the third text, a cursor at a first location;
move the cursor from the first location to a second location based on an input of a user, wherein the second location is to a left of the third text and to a right of the second text;
query for a first prediction from a word library based on the second text being between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and
output the first prediction on the display, wherein the first prediction comprises a first prediction text and a second prediction text, wherein the first prediction text is queried from the word library using all of the second text, and wherein the second prediction text is queried from the word library using a part of the second text. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second text comprises a plurality of groups of characters inputted sequentially, and wherein the part of the second text used for querying is one of the groups of characters closest to the second location of the cursor. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the keyboard is a Chinese Pinyin keyboard or an English keyboard. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device is further caused to:
move the cursor to a third location based on another input of the user, wherein the third location is between the punctuation and the second location; query for a second prediction from the word library based on text between the punctuation and the third location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and display the second prediction. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second text is directly to the right of the punctuation, and wherein the third text is directly to the right of the second text. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second location is directly to the right of the second text and is directly to the left of the third text. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein each of the first text, the second text, and the third text comprises a phrase or a sentence. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein before querying for the first prediction from the word library, the electronic device is further caused to identify the second text between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; a display coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store computer-executable codes, that when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to:
display first text inputted by a user;
display, after the first text, punctuation inputted by the user;
display, after the punctuation, second text inputted by the user;
display, after the second text, third text inputted by the user;
display, after the third text, a cursor at a first location;
move the cursor from the first location to a second location based on an input of the user, wherein the second location is to the left of the third text and to the right of the second text;
query for a first prediction from a word library based on the second text being between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and
output the first prediction on the display, wherein the first prediction comprises a first prediction text and a second prediction text, wherein the first prediction text is queried from the word library using all of the second text, and wherein the second prediction text is queried from the word library using a part of the second text. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second text comprises a plurality of groups of characters inputted sequentially, and wherein the part of the second text used for querying is one of the groups of characters closest to the second location of the cursor. 11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the electronic device is further caused to:
move the cursor to a third location based on another input of the user, wherein the third location is between the punctuation and the second location; query for a second prediction from the word library based on text between the punctuation and the third location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and display the second prediction. 12. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second text is directly to the right of the punctuation, and wherein the third text is directly to the right of the second text. 13. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second location is directly to the right of the second text and is directly to the left of the third text. 14. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein each of the first text, the second text, and the third text comprises a phrase or a sentence. 15. The electronic device of the claim 9, wherein before querying for the first prediction from the word library, the electronic device is further caused to identify the second text between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor. 16. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; a display coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store computer-executable codes, that when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to:
display first text inputted by a user;
display, after the first text, punctuation inputted by the user;
display, after the punctuation, second text inputted by the user;
display, after the second text, third text inputted by the user;
display, after the third text, a cursor at a first location;
query for a first prediction from a word library based on the second text and the third text that are between the punctuation and the first location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and
output the first prediction on the display, wherein the first prediction comprises a first prediction text and a second prediction text, wherein the first prediction text is queried from the word library using all of the second text and all of the third text, and wherein the second prediction text is queried from the word library using a part of the second text and the third text. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the second text and the third text comprise a plurality of groups of characters inputted sequentially, and wherein the part of the second text and the third text used for query is one of the groups of characters closest to the first location of the cursor. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is further caused to:
move the cursor to a second location based on an input of the user, wherein the second location is to a left of the third text and to a right of the second text; query for a second prediction from the word library based on the second text between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and display the second prediction. 19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the second text is directly to a right of the punctuation, and wherein the third text is directly to the right of the second text. 20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein each of the first text, the second text, and the third text comprises a phrase or a sentence. | An input method includes receiving input end indication information sent by an input module, where the input end indication information indicates that input of a character or a word ends, obtaining a location of a cursor, identifying the input character or word forward from the location of the cursor until a first punctuation input before the character or the word is identified, using the identified character or word as a previous text, and querying a word library for a next text associated with the previous text, and outputting the associated next text to a display module for displaying.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; a display coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store computer-executable codes, that when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to:
display a keyboard;
display first text inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the first text, punctuation inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the punctuation, second text inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the second text, third text inputted by the keyboard;
display, after the third text, a cursor at a first location;
move the cursor from the first location to a second location based on an input of a user, wherein the second location is to a left of the third text and to a right of the second text;
query for a first prediction from a word library based on the second text being between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and
output the first prediction on the display, wherein the first prediction comprises a first prediction text and a second prediction text, wherein the first prediction text is queried from the word library using all of the second text, and wherein the second prediction text is queried from the word library using a part of the second text. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second text comprises a plurality of groups of characters inputted sequentially, and wherein the part of the second text used for querying is one of the groups of characters closest to the second location of the cursor. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the keyboard is a Chinese Pinyin keyboard or an English keyboard. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device is further caused to:
move the cursor to a third location based on another input of the user, wherein the third location is between the punctuation and the second location; query for a second prediction from the word library based on text between the punctuation and the third location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and display the second prediction. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second text is directly to the right of the punctuation, and wherein the third text is directly to the right of the second text. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second location is directly to the right of the second text and is directly to the left of the third text. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein each of the first text, the second text, and the third text comprises a phrase or a sentence. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein before querying for the first prediction from the word library, the electronic device is further caused to identify the second text between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; a display coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store computer-executable codes, that when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to:
display first text inputted by a user;
display, after the first text, punctuation inputted by the user;
display, after the punctuation, second text inputted by the user;
display, after the second text, third text inputted by the user;
display, after the third text, a cursor at a first location;
move the cursor from the first location to a second location based on an input of the user, wherein the second location is to the left of the third text and to the right of the second text;
query for a first prediction from a word library based on the second text being between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and
output the first prediction on the display, wherein the first prediction comprises a first prediction text and a second prediction text, wherein the first prediction text is queried from the word library using all of the second text, and wherein the second prediction text is queried from the word library using a part of the second text. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second text comprises a plurality of groups of characters inputted sequentially, and wherein the part of the second text used for querying is one of the groups of characters closest to the second location of the cursor. 11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the electronic device is further caused to:
move the cursor to a third location based on another input of the user, wherein the third location is between the punctuation and the second location; query for a second prediction from the word library based on text between the punctuation and the third location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and display the second prediction. 12. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second text is directly to the right of the punctuation, and wherein the third text is directly to the right of the second text. 13. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second location is directly to the right of the second text and is directly to the left of the third text. 14. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein each of the first text, the second text, and the third text comprises a phrase or a sentence. 15. The electronic device of the claim 9, wherein before querying for the first prediction from the word library, the electronic device is further caused to identify the second text between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor. 16. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor; a display coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor and configured to store computer-executable codes, that when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to:
display first text inputted by a user;
display, after the first text, punctuation inputted by the user;
display, after the punctuation, second text inputted by the user;
display, after the second text, third text inputted by the user;
display, after the third text, a cursor at a first location;
query for a first prediction from a word library based on the second text and the third text that are between the punctuation and the first location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and
output the first prediction on the display, wherein the first prediction comprises a first prediction text and a second prediction text, wherein the first prediction text is queried from the word library using all of the second text and all of the third text, and wherein the second prediction text is queried from the word library using a part of the second text and the third text. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the second text and the third text comprise a plurality of groups of characters inputted sequentially, and wherein the part of the second text and the third text used for query is one of the groups of characters closest to the first location of the cursor. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is further caused to:
move the cursor to a second location based on an input of the user, wherein the second location is to a left of the third text and to a right of the second text; query for a second prediction from the word library based on the second text between the punctuation and the second location of the cursor as a context for prediction; and display the second prediction. 19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the second text is directly to a right of the punctuation, and wherein the third text is directly to the right of the second text. 20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein each of the first text, the second text, and the third text comprises a phrase or a sentence. | 2,800 |
343,940 | 16,803,395 | 2,895 | A cannula includes a tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The cannula further includes an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall. The extendable member is configured to extend radially outward from the sidewall. The sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube. | 1. A cannula comprising:
a main tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall, wherein the extendable member is configured to extend radially outward from the sidewall, and wherein the sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube. 2. The cannula according to claim 1, wherein the extendable member comprises an expandable balloon, and
wherein the expandable balloon is configured to expand radially outward from the sidewall. 3. The cannula according to claim 2, further comprising an inflator tube in fluid communication with the expandable balloon and extending along at least a portion of the sidewall,
wherein the inflator tube is configured to supply liquid or gas to the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 4. The cannula according to claim 3, wherein the liquid or gas supplied by the inflator tube is at least one of air, helium, and saline. 5. The cannula according to claim 2, further comprising a lumen defined in the sidewall and in fluid communication with the expandable balloon,
wherein the lumen is configured to supply liquid or gas to the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 6. The cannula according to claim 2, wherein the expandable balloon comprises at least one of a compliant material and a noncompliant material. 7. The cannula according to claim 2, further comprising an absorbent material at least partially filling the expandable balloon,
wherein the absorbent material is configured to absorb water from an environment surrounding the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 8. The cannula according to claim 7, wherein the absorbent material comprises a salt. 9. The cannula according to claim 7, wherein the expandable balloon comprises a semipermeable membrane. 10. The cannula according to claim 1, wherein the extendable member comprises a flap pivotally connected to the sidewall via a hinge,
wherein the flap is configured to rotate about the hinge between a retracted position in which the flap extends substantially parallel to the sidewall and an extended position in which the flap extends radially outward from the sidewall. 11. The cannula according to claim 11, further comprising a mechanical actuator configured to rotate the flap about the hinge between the retracted position and the extended position. 12. The cannula according to claim 11, wherein the flap comprises a temperature sensitive material and is configured to rotate to the extended position upon exposure to a body temperature of the patient. 13. An extracorporeal blood oxygenation system comprising:
a drainage cannula configured for insertion into a vasculature of a patient; a blood pump fluidly connected to the drainage cannula and configured to draw blood from the patient via the drainage cannula; an oxygenator in fluid communication with the blood pump and configured to receive blood from the blood pump; an infusion cannula configured for insertion into the vasculature of the patient, the infusion cannula comprising:
a main tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and
an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall,
wherein the extendable member is configured to extend radially outward from the sidewall,
wherein the sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube,
wherein the proximal end of the infusion cannula is in fluid communication with the oxygenator and configured to return blood from the oxygenator to the vasculature of the patient. 14. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 13, wherein the extendable member of the infusion cannula comprises an expandable balloon, and
wherein the expandable balloon is configured to expand radially outward from the sidewall of the infusion cannula. 15. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 14, further comprising a liquid or gas-supplying device for supplying liquid or gas to the infusion cannula,
wherein the infusion cannula further comprises an inflator tube in fluid communication with the liquid or gas-supplying device and with the expandable balloon, the inflator tube extending along at least a portion of the sidewall; and wherein the inflator tube is configured to supply the liquid or gas to the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 16. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 15, wherein the liquid or gas-supplying device is at least one of a syringe and an air pump. 17. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 14, wherein the infusion cannula further comprises an absorbent material at least partially filling the expandable balloon,
wherein the absorbent material is configured to absorb water from an environment surrounding the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 18. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 17, wherein the absorbent material comprises a salt. 19. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 17, wherein the expandable balloon comprises a semipermeable membrane. 20. A method of extracorporeal blood oxygenation comprising:
inserting a drainage cannula into a first site of a vasculature of a patient; inserting an infusion cannula into a second site of the vasculature of the patient, the infusion cannula comprising:
a main tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and
an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall,
wherein the sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube;
extending the extendable member of the infusion cannula radially outward from the sidewall of the infusion cannula, draining blood through the drainage cannula to a blood pump; pumping, via the blood pump, drained blood through an oxygenator to oxygenate the drained blood; and returning oxygenated blood to the vasculature of the patient via the infusion cannula. | A cannula includes a tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The cannula further includes an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall. The extendable member is configured to extend radially outward from the sidewall. The sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube.1. A cannula comprising:
a main tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall, wherein the extendable member is configured to extend radially outward from the sidewall, and wherein the sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube. 2. The cannula according to claim 1, wherein the extendable member comprises an expandable balloon, and
wherein the expandable balloon is configured to expand radially outward from the sidewall. 3. The cannula according to claim 2, further comprising an inflator tube in fluid communication with the expandable balloon and extending along at least a portion of the sidewall,
wherein the inflator tube is configured to supply liquid or gas to the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 4. The cannula according to claim 3, wherein the liquid or gas supplied by the inflator tube is at least one of air, helium, and saline. 5. The cannula according to claim 2, further comprising a lumen defined in the sidewall and in fluid communication with the expandable balloon,
wherein the lumen is configured to supply liquid or gas to the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 6. The cannula according to claim 2, wherein the expandable balloon comprises at least one of a compliant material and a noncompliant material. 7. The cannula according to claim 2, further comprising an absorbent material at least partially filling the expandable balloon,
wherein the absorbent material is configured to absorb water from an environment surrounding the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 8. The cannula according to claim 7, wherein the absorbent material comprises a salt. 9. The cannula according to claim 7, wherein the expandable balloon comprises a semipermeable membrane. 10. The cannula according to claim 1, wherein the extendable member comprises a flap pivotally connected to the sidewall via a hinge,
wherein the flap is configured to rotate about the hinge between a retracted position in which the flap extends substantially parallel to the sidewall and an extended position in which the flap extends radially outward from the sidewall. 11. The cannula according to claim 11, further comprising a mechanical actuator configured to rotate the flap about the hinge between the retracted position and the extended position. 12. The cannula according to claim 11, wherein the flap comprises a temperature sensitive material and is configured to rotate to the extended position upon exposure to a body temperature of the patient. 13. An extracorporeal blood oxygenation system comprising:
a drainage cannula configured for insertion into a vasculature of a patient; a blood pump fluidly connected to the drainage cannula and configured to draw blood from the patient via the drainage cannula; an oxygenator in fluid communication with the blood pump and configured to receive blood from the blood pump; an infusion cannula configured for insertion into the vasculature of the patient, the infusion cannula comprising:
a main tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and
an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall,
wherein the extendable member is configured to extend radially outward from the sidewall,
wherein the sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube,
wherein the proximal end of the infusion cannula is in fluid communication with the oxygenator and configured to return blood from the oxygenator to the vasculature of the patient. 14. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 13, wherein the extendable member of the infusion cannula comprises an expandable balloon, and
wherein the expandable balloon is configured to expand radially outward from the sidewall of the infusion cannula. 15. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 14, further comprising a liquid or gas-supplying device for supplying liquid or gas to the infusion cannula,
wherein the infusion cannula further comprises an inflator tube in fluid communication with the liquid or gas-supplying device and with the expandable balloon, the inflator tube extending along at least a portion of the sidewall; and wherein the inflator tube is configured to supply the liquid or gas to the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 16. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 15, wherein the liquid or gas-supplying device is at least one of a syringe and an air pump. 17. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 14, wherein the infusion cannula further comprises an absorbent material at least partially filling the expandable balloon,
wherein the absorbent material is configured to absorb water from an environment surrounding the expandable balloon to cause expansion of the expandable balloon. 18. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 17, wherein the absorbent material comprises a salt. 19. The extracorporeal blood oxygenation system according to claim 17, wherein the expandable balloon comprises a semipermeable membrane. 20. A method of extracorporeal blood oxygenation comprising:
inserting a drainage cannula into a first site of a vasculature of a patient; inserting an infusion cannula into a second site of the vasculature of the patient, the infusion cannula comprising:
a main tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a tubular sidewall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and
an extendable member provided on a portion of the sidewall,
wherein the sidewall defines an aperture located between the proximal end and the distal end of the main tube;
extending the extendable member of the infusion cannula radially outward from the sidewall of the infusion cannula, draining blood through the drainage cannula to a blood pump; pumping, via the blood pump, drained blood through an oxygenator to oxygenate the drained blood; and returning oxygenated blood to the vasculature of the patient via the infusion cannula. | 2,800 |
343,941 | 16,803,391 | 2,895 | A water-softening system includes a filter device including filter units that are provided in at least some of a plurality of supply channels arranged in parallel to supply raw water to a consumption site and that remove at least part of ionic matter contained in supplied raw water by electro-deionization and discharge soft water containing less ionic matter than the raw water, a plurality of supply valves provided in the plurality of supply channels to open or close the supply channels, and a processor connected to the filter device and the plurality of supply valves. The processor determines whether water is supplied to the consumption site and controls at least one of the plurality of supply valves to remain open to maintain a state in which water is allowed to be supplied to the consumption site, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. | 1. A water-softening system comprising:
a filter device including filter units provided in at least some of a plurality of supply channels arranged in parallel to supply raw water to a consumption site, wherein the filter units remove at least part of ionic matter contained in supplied raw water by electro-deionization and discharge soft water containing less ionic matter than the raw water; a plurality of supply valves provided in the plurality of supply channels to open or close the supply channels; and a processor connected to the filter device and the plurality of supply valves, wherein the processor: determines whether water is supplied to the consumption site; and controls at least one of the plurality of supply valves to remain open to maintain a state in which water is allowed to be supplied to the consumption site, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. 2. The water-softening system of claim 1, wherein the filter units selectively perform any one of a removal mode of removing the ionic matter by electro-deionization through electrodes and a regeneration mode of regenerating the electrodes. 3. The water-softening system of claim 2, wherein the filter device includes at least two filter units provided in at least two supply channels among the plurality of supply channels,
wherein any one of the at least two filter units is a first filter unit, another one is a second filter unit, a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the first filter unit is a first supply valve, and a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the second filter unit is a second supply valve, and wherein the processor performs control such that the first supply valve remains open, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. 4. The water-softening system of claim 3, wherein the processor performs control such that the first filter unit performs the removal mode in an open state of the first supply valve, when water starts to be supplied to the consumption site through the supply channel provided with the first supply valve in the open state of the first supply valve. 5. The water-softening system of claim 4, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site, when mode transition time elapses after the first filter unit performs the removal mode, and
wherein when it is determined that water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: controls the first filter unit to perform the regeneration mode; controls the second filter unit to perform the removal mode; controls the first supply valve to be closed; and controls the second supply valve to be opened. 6. The water-softening system of claim 2, wherein the filter device includes at least two filter units provided in at least two supply channels among the plurality of supply channels,
wherein any one of the at least two filter units is a first filter unit, another one is a second filter unit, a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the first filter unit is a first supply valve, and a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the second filter unit is a second supply valve, and wherein when water starts to be supplied to the consumption site through the supply channel provided with the supply valve that is in the open state, the processor: controls any one of the first and second filter units to perform the removal mode; controls the other filter unit to perform the regeneration mode; performs control to open the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the removal mode; and performs control to close the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode. 7. The water-softening system of claim 6, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site, every time mode transition time elapses after water starts to be supplied to the consumption site, and
wherein when it is determined that water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: controls the first filter unit to perform the removal mode or the regeneration mode that is not currently performed by the first filter unit; controls the second filter unit to perform the removal mode or the regeneration mode that is not currently performed by the second filter unit; performs control to open the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the removal mode; and performs control to close the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode. 8. The water-softening system of claim 6, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site, every time mode transition time elapses after water starts to be supplied to the consumption site, and
wherein when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: performs control such that the first or second filter unit configured to perform the removal mode performs the regeneration mode; performs control such that the first or second filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode stops operating; performs control to open the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to stop operating; and performs control to close the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode. 9. The water-softening system of claim 8, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site within confirmation time, after it is determined that water supply to the consumption site is stopped, and
wherein when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: controls the first and second filter units to stop operating; performs control to open any one predetermined supply valve of the first and second supply valves; and perform controls to close the other supply valve. 10. The water-softening system of claim 8, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site within confirmation time, after it is determined that water supply to the consumption site is stopped, and
wherein when it is determined that water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor performs control such that the first or second filter unit configured to stop operating performs the removal mode in a state in which open/closed states of the first and second supply valves are maintained. 11. The water-softening system of claim 3, wherein the first supply valve is a solenoid valve configured to maintain an open state and configured to be closed only when receiving an electrical signal. 12. The water-softening system of claim 11, wherein the remaining supply valves other than the first supply valve are solenoid valves configured to maintain a closed state and configured to be opened only when receiving an electrical signal. 13. The water-softening system of claim 2, further comprising:
drain channels connected to the supply channels provided with the filter units to drain, to the outside, water released from the filter units in the regeneration mode; and drain valves provided in the drain channels to open or close the drain channels. 14. The water-softening system of claim 13, wherein the processor is additionally connected to the drain valves, and
wherein the processor performs control such that the drain valves are changed to opposite states to open/closed states of the corresponding supply valves in conjunction with the open/closed states of the corresponding supply valves. 15. The water-softening system of claim 1, further comprising:
a flow-rate acquisition device configured to obtain a flow rate of water delivered to the consumption site, wherein the processor is additionally connected with the flow-rate acquisition device, and wherein the processor determines that water is supplied to the consumption site, when the flow rate obtained by the flow-rate acquisition device is higher than or equal to a critical flow rate. 16. The water-softening system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines whether water is supplied to the consumption site, and
wherein the processor performs control such that the plurality of supply valves remain open to maintain a state in which water is allowed to be supplied to the consumption site, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. 17. The water-softening system of claim 16, wherein when water starts to be supplied to the consumption site through the supply channel provided with the first supply valve or the second supply valve in an open state of the first supply valve and the second supply valve, the processor performs control such that in the open state of the first supply valve, the first filter unit performs the removal mode and the second supply valve is closed. 18. A water-softening system comprising:
filter units provided in supply channels configured to supply raw water to a consumption site, wherein the filter units remove at least part of ionic matter contained in supplied raw water by electric force and discharge soft water containing less ionic matter than the raw water; filter valves provided in filter channels provided with the filter units among the supply channels; a treatment device configured to provide a treatment substance for predetermined treatment to the filter channels; and a processor connected to the filter units, the filter valves, and the treatment device, wherein the processor: controls the treatment device to provide the treatment substance to the filter channels, when a preset condition is satisfied; and controls the filter valves to remain closed during treatment by the treatment substance. | A water-softening system includes a filter device including filter units that are provided in at least some of a plurality of supply channels arranged in parallel to supply raw water to a consumption site and that remove at least part of ionic matter contained in supplied raw water by electro-deionization and discharge soft water containing less ionic matter than the raw water, a plurality of supply valves provided in the plurality of supply channels to open or close the supply channels, and a processor connected to the filter device and the plurality of supply valves. The processor determines whether water is supplied to the consumption site and controls at least one of the plurality of supply valves to remain open to maintain a state in which water is allowed to be supplied to the consumption site, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site.1. A water-softening system comprising:
a filter device including filter units provided in at least some of a plurality of supply channels arranged in parallel to supply raw water to a consumption site, wherein the filter units remove at least part of ionic matter contained in supplied raw water by electro-deionization and discharge soft water containing less ionic matter than the raw water; a plurality of supply valves provided in the plurality of supply channels to open or close the supply channels; and a processor connected to the filter device and the plurality of supply valves, wherein the processor: determines whether water is supplied to the consumption site; and controls at least one of the plurality of supply valves to remain open to maintain a state in which water is allowed to be supplied to the consumption site, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. 2. The water-softening system of claim 1, wherein the filter units selectively perform any one of a removal mode of removing the ionic matter by electro-deionization through electrodes and a regeneration mode of regenerating the electrodes. 3. The water-softening system of claim 2, wherein the filter device includes at least two filter units provided in at least two supply channels among the plurality of supply channels,
wherein any one of the at least two filter units is a first filter unit, another one is a second filter unit, a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the first filter unit is a first supply valve, and a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the second filter unit is a second supply valve, and wherein the processor performs control such that the first supply valve remains open, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. 4. The water-softening system of claim 3, wherein the processor performs control such that the first filter unit performs the removal mode in an open state of the first supply valve, when water starts to be supplied to the consumption site through the supply channel provided with the first supply valve in the open state of the first supply valve. 5. The water-softening system of claim 4, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site, when mode transition time elapses after the first filter unit performs the removal mode, and
wherein when it is determined that water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: controls the first filter unit to perform the regeneration mode; controls the second filter unit to perform the removal mode; controls the first supply valve to be closed; and controls the second supply valve to be opened. 6. The water-softening system of claim 2, wherein the filter device includes at least two filter units provided in at least two supply channels among the plurality of supply channels,
wherein any one of the at least two filter units is a first filter unit, another one is a second filter unit, a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the first filter unit is a first supply valve, and a supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with the second filter unit is a second supply valve, and wherein when water starts to be supplied to the consumption site through the supply channel provided with the supply valve that is in the open state, the processor: controls any one of the first and second filter units to perform the removal mode; controls the other filter unit to perform the regeneration mode; performs control to open the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the removal mode; and performs control to close the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode. 7. The water-softening system of claim 6, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site, every time mode transition time elapses after water starts to be supplied to the consumption site, and
wherein when it is determined that water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: controls the first filter unit to perform the removal mode or the regeneration mode that is not currently performed by the first filter unit; controls the second filter unit to perform the removal mode or the regeneration mode that is not currently performed by the second filter unit; performs control to open the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the removal mode; and performs control to close the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode. 8. The water-softening system of claim 6, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site, every time mode transition time elapses after water starts to be supplied to the consumption site, and
wherein when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: performs control such that the first or second filter unit configured to perform the removal mode performs the regeneration mode; performs control such that the first or second filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode stops operating; performs control to open the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to stop operating; and performs control to close the first or second supply valve installed in a supply channel provided with a filter unit configured to perform the regeneration mode. 9. The water-softening system of claim 8, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site within confirmation time, after it is determined that water supply to the consumption site is stopped, and
wherein when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor: controls the first and second filter units to stop operating; performs control to open any one predetermined supply valve of the first and second supply valves; and perform controls to close the other supply valve. 10. The water-softening system of claim 8, wherein the processor determines again whether water is supplied to the consumption site within confirmation time, after it is determined that water supply to the consumption site is stopped, and
wherein when it is determined that water is supplied to the consumption site, the processor performs control such that the first or second filter unit configured to stop operating performs the removal mode in a state in which open/closed states of the first and second supply valves are maintained. 11. The water-softening system of claim 3, wherein the first supply valve is a solenoid valve configured to maintain an open state and configured to be closed only when receiving an electrical signal. 12. The water-softening system of claim 11, wherein the remaining supply valves other than the first supply valve are solenoid valves configured to maintain a closed state and configured to be opened only when receiving an electrical signal. 13. The water-softening system of claim 2, further comprising:
drain channels connected to the supply channels provided with the filter units to drain, to the outside, water released from the filter units in the regeneration mode; and drain valves provided in the drain channels to open or close the drain channels. 14. The water-softening system of claim 13, wherein the processor is additionally connected to the drain valves, and
wherein the processor performs control such that the drain valves are changed to opposite states to open/closed states of the corresponding supply valves in conjunction with the open/closed states of the corresponding supply valves. 15. The water-softening system of claim 1, further comprising:
a flow-rate acquisition device configured to obtain a flow rate of water delivered to the consumption site, wherein the processor is additionally connected with the flow-rate acquisition device, and wherein the processor determines that water is supplied to the consumption site, when the flow rate obtained by the flow-rate acquisition device is higher than or equal to a critical flow rate. 16. The water-softening system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines whether water is supplied to the consumption site, and
wherein the processor performs control such that the plurality of supply valves remain open to maintain a state in which water is allowed to be supplied to the consumption site, when it is determined that no water is supplied to the consumption site. 17. The water-softening system of claim 16, wherein when water starts to be supplied to the consumption site through the supply channel provided with the first supply valve or the second supply valve in an open state of the first supply valve and the second supply valve, the processor performs control such that in the open state of the first supply valve, the first filter unit performs the removal mode and the second supply valve is closed. 18. A water-softening system comprising:
filter units provided in supply channels configured to supply raw water to a consumption site, wherein the filter units remove at least part of ionic matter contained in supplied raw water by electric force and discharge soft water containing less ionic matter than the raw water; filter valves provided in filter channels provided with the filter units among the supply channels; a treatment device configured to provide a treatment substance for predetermined treatment to the filter channels; and a processor connected to the filter units, the filter valves, and the treatment device, wherein the processor: controls the treatment device to provide the treatment substance to the filter channels, when a preset condition is satisfied; and controls the filter valves to remain closed during treatment by the treatment substance. | 2,800 |
343,942 | 16,803,317 | 2,895 | A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a detection device, first device information of a first set of devices detected in a target area using a first communication mode; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; determining, based on second device information of a second set of devices, a verification coefficient, the second set of devices being detected in the target area using a second communication mode; and calculating, based on the first quantity of devices and a verification coefficient, a measure of real-time human traffic in the target area. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 2. (canceled) 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 8. (canceled) 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices;
determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area;
emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area;
obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal;
detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices;
calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and
adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 14. (canceled) 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information is encrypted. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information comprises a dictionary mapping device identifiers of the second set of devices to corresponding times at which each device of the second set of devices is detected in the target area. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless technology comprises Wi-Fi, and wherein the second wireless technology comprises Bluetooth. | A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a detection device, first device information of a first set of devices detected in a target area using a first communication mode; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; determining, based on second device information of a second set of devices, a verification coefficient, the second set of devices being detected in the target area using a second communication mode; and calculating, based on the first quantity of devices and a verification coefficient, a measure of real-time human traffic in the target area.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 2. (canceled) 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 8. (canceled) 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices;
determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area;
emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area;
obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal;
detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices;
calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and
adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 14. (canceled) 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information is encrypted. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information comprises a dictionary mapping device identifiers of the second set of devices to corresponding times at which each device of the second set of devices is detected in the target area. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless technology comprises Wi-Fi, and wherein the second wireless technology comprises Bluetooth. | 2,800 |
343,943 | 16,803,397 | 2,895 | A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a detection device, first device information of a first set of devices detected in a target area using a first communication mode; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; determining, based on second device information of a second set of devices, a verification coefficient, the second set of devices being detected in the target area using a second communication mode; and calculating, based on the first quantity of devices and a verification coefficient, a measure of real-time human traffic in the target area. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 2. (canceled) 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 8. (canceled) 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices;
determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area;
emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area;
obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal;
detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices;
calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and
adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 14. (canceled) 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information is encrypted. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information comprises a dictionary mapping device identifiers of the second set of devices to corresponding times at which each device of the second set of devices is detected in the target area. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless technology comprises Wi-Fi, and wherein the second wireless technology comprises Bluetooth. | A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a detection device, first device information of a first set of devices detected in a target area using a first communication mode; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; determining, based on second device information of a second set of devices, a verification coefficient, the second set of devices being detected in the target area using a second communication mode; and calculating, based on the first quantity of devices and a verification coefficient, a measure of real-time human traffic in the target area.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 2. (canceled) 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices; determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area; emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area; obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal; detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices; calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 8. (canceled) 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
detecting, during a first time period, using a first wireless module based on a first wireless technology, a first set of devices in a target area, and collecting first device information of the first set of devices;
determining, based on the first device information, a first quantity of devices in the target area;
emitting, during a second time period occurring before the first time period, using a second wireless module based on a second wireless technology distinct from the first wireless technology, a wireless signal in the target area;
obtaining second device information of a second set of devices in the target area during the second time period, the second set of devices having received the wireless signal;
detecting, during the second time period, using the first wireless module based on the first wireless technology, a third set of devices in the target area, and collecting third device information of the third set of devices;
calculating a verification coefficient based on the second device information and the third device information; and
adjusting the first quantity of devices using the verification coefficient, to obtain a measure of real-time device traffic in the target area. 14. (canceled) 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the third device information comprises a first set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the third set of devices,
wherein the second device information comprises a second set of device identifiers corresponding, respectively, to each device in the second set of devices, and wherein calculating the verification coefficient comprises:
determining a common quantity of device identifiers common to both the first set of device identifiers and the second set of device identifiers;
determining a second quantity of devices in the second set of devices; and
calculating the verification coefficient based on the common quantity and the second quantity. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the first time period is a predetermined time period of a current time cycle, and
wherein the second time period is the predetermined time period of a previous time cycle. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each device of the second set of devices transmits a notification to a cloud server responsive to receiving the wireless signal, and
wherein obtaining the second device information comprises: collecting the second device information from a server remote from the target area. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein determining the first quantity of devices in the target area comprises:
counting, based on the first device information, a fourth quantity of devices detected at least twice within a predetermined period; and de-weighting, based on the fourth quantity of devices, a total number of devices detected in the target area, to determine the first quantity of devices in the target area. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information is encrypted. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the second device information comprises a dictionary mapping device identifiers of the second set of devices to corresponding times at which each device of the second set of devices is detected in the target area. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless technology comprises Wi-Fi, and wherein the second wireless technology comprises Bluetooth. | 2,800 |
343,944 | 16,803,389 | 2,895 | A medical diagnostic device and method, the device including: (a) an alternating current source, adapted to produce an alternating current; (b) an electrode arrangement having at least first and second electrodes, separated by an electrically insulating region, the arrangement having an at least semi-rigid region that fixes the electrodes in a spaced-apart manner, the arrangement adapted to contact the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid; and (c) a processor, associated with the electrode arrangement, said electrodes electrically connected to the alternating current source; wherein, when the electrode arrangement is provided with the alternating current, and is disposed against the soft tissue, the soft tissue electrically bridges between the electrodes to form an electrical circuit, wherein an electrical signal is produced by the alternating current electrically passing between the electrodes via the soft tissue; wherein the processor is adapted to receive in-vivo based electrical information originating from the electrical signal, via the circuit, and to produce an output relating to, or derived from, the moisture parameter, based on the in-vivo electrical information; and wherein the processor is designed and configured to compute the moisture parameter in the soft tissue, at least partially based on the in-vivo electrical information, and based on an empirical correlation between the in-vivo electrical information and the moisture parameter. | 1. A device for evaluation of a moisture characterization parameter associated with moisture of soft tissue on an inner surface of an eyelid of a subject, the device comprising:
(a) an alternating current source, adapted to connect to a power supply and to produce an alternating current; (b) an electrode arrangement having at least a first electrode and a second electrode, said first electrode electrically separated from said second electrode by an electrically insulating region, said electrode arrangement having an at least semi-rigid region fixing said first electrodes and said second electrode in a spaced-apart manner, said electrode arrangement adapted to contact the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, said electrodes and said electrically insulating region composed of biocompatible materials; and (c) a processor, associated with said electrode arrangement, said first and second electrodes being electrically connected to said alternating current source, wherein, when said electrode arrangement is provided with said alternating current, and is disposed against the soft tissue, the soft tissue electrically bridges between said electrodes to form an electrical circuit, such that an electrical signal is produced by said alternating current passing from said first electrode to said second electrode via the soft tissue, said processor being adapted to receive in-vivo based electrical information originating from said electrical signal, via said electrical circuit, and to produce an output relating to, or derived from, the moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, based on said in-vivo electrical information, said processor being designed and configured to compute the moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, at least partially based on said in-vivo electrical information, and based on an empirical correlation between said in-vivo electrical information and said moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, said empirical correlation including an inverse relationship between an electrical impedance derived from said electrical signal or from said in-vivo electrical information, and said moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, such that an increasing level of moisture of soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid is correlated, by said processor, with a decreasing of said electrical impedance, wherein said moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid includes an eye-moisture characterization parameter selected from the group of parameters consisting of a calculated in-vitro osmolarity, a calculated Schirmer's Test absorption length, a calculated Meibomian Grading Score, an ocular surface disease index (OSDI), a corneal and conjunctival staining result, and an eye dryness severity value. 2. (canceled) 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising an adaptor, electrically connected to said alternating current source, said adaptor having an engagement mechanism adapted to physically hold a portion of said electrode arrangement and to electrically connect said electrode arrangement to said current source and to said processor. 4. The device of claim 3, said engagement mechanism adapted to releasably and reversibly engage said electrode arrangement. 5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 4, said engagement mechanism adapted to releasably and reversibly engage said electrode arrangement, said electrode arrangement including, or consisting of, an elongated electrode stick having a first end adapted to be received by said engagement mechanism, and a second end having said first and second electrodes. 7. The device of claim 6, said second end having a maximum width of 6.5 mm or 6.3 mm. 8. The device of claim 6, said second end having a minimum width of 2 mm. 9. The device of claim 6, wherein a maximum distance between said second end of said stick, and an end of said first and second electrodes distal to said second end, is 2.5 mm. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor, electrically disposed between said electrode arrangement and said processor, said capacitor having a capacitance to pass an output signal to said processor, when said electrical signal is above a pre-defined threshold. 11. The device of claim 3, wherein an end of said electrode arrangement has an attachment geometry that is complementary to an attachment geometry of said engagement mechanism. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The device of claim 1, further comprising a display, electrically associated with said processor, and adapted to display said output. 15. The device of claim 1, further comprising a housing, said processor and said alternating current source disposed within said housing. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein said processor is adapted to calculate said electrical impedance (Z) based on a relationship:
Z=R+iX where R is an ohmic resistance of said circuit and Xis a reactance of said circuit. 17. The device of claim 16, said reactance (X) consisting substantially solely of a capacitance term (Xc). 18.-20. (canceled) 21. The device of claim 1, wherein said device further includes a housing sized and configured to be hand-held, and wherein said alternating current source, at least part of said electrode arrangement, and said processor, are disposed within said housing. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a calculated in-vitro osmolarity. 23. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a calculated Schirmer's Test absorption length. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a calculated Meibomian Grading Score. 25. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes an ocular surface disease index (OSDI). 26. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a corneal and conjunctival staining result. 27. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes an eye dryness severity value. | A medical diagnostic device and method, the device including: (a) an alternating current source, adapted to produce an alternating current; (b) an electrode arrangement having at least first and second electrodes, separated by an electrically insulating region, the arrangement having an at least semi-rigid region that fixes the electrodes in a spaced-apart manner, the arrangement adapted to contact the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid; and (c) a processor, associated with the electrode arrangement, said electrodes electrically connected to the alternating current source; wherein, when the electrode arrangement is provided with the alternating current, and is disposed against the soft tissue, the soft tissue electrically bridges between the electrodes to form an electrical circuit, wherein an electrical signal is produced by the alternating current electrically passing between the electrodes via the soft tissue; wherein the processor is adapted to receive in-vivo based electrical information originating from the electrical signal, via the circuit, and to produce an output relating to, or derived from, the moisture parameter, based on the in-vivo electrical information; and wherein the processor is designed and configured to compute the moisture parameter in the soft tissue, at least partially based on the in-vivo electrical information, and based on an empirical correlation between the in-vivo electrical information and the moisture parameter.1. A device for evaluation of a moisture characterization parameter associated with moisture of soft tissue on an inner surface of an eyelid of a subject, the device comprising:
(a) an alternating current source, adapted to connect to a power supply and to produce an alternating current; (b) an electrode arrangement having at least a first electrode and a second electrode, said first electrode electrically separated from said second electrode by an electrically insulating region, said electrode arrangement having an at least semi-rigid region fixing said first electrodes and said second electrode in a spaced-apart manner, said electrode arrangement adapted to contact the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, said electrodes and said electrically insulating region composed of biocompatible materials; and (c) a processor, associated with said electrode arrangement, said first and second electrodes being electrically connected to said alternating current source, wherein, when said electrode arrangement is provided with said alternating current, and is disposed against the soft tissue, the soft tissue electrically bridges between said electrodes to form an electrical circuit, such that an electrical signal is produced by said alternating current passing from said first electrode to said second electrode via the soft tissue, said processor being adapted to receive in-vivo based electrical information originating from said electrical signal, via said electrical circuit, and to produce an output relating to, or derived from, the moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, based on said in-vivo electrical information, said processor being designed and configured to compute the moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, at least partially based on said in-vivo electrical information, and based on an empirical correlation between said in-vivo electrical information and said moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, said empirical correlation including an inverse relationship between an electrical impedance derived from said electrical signal or from said in-vivo electrical information, and said moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid, such that an increasing level of moisture of soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid is correlated, by said processor, with a decreasing of said electrical impedance, wherein said moisture characterization parameter associated with the moisture of the soft tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid includes an eye-moisture characterization parameter selected from the group of parameters consisting of a calculated in-vitro osmolarity, a calculated Schirmer's Test absorption length, a calculated Meibomian Grading Score, an ocular surface disease index (OSDI), a corneal and conjunctival staining result, and an eye dryness severity value. 2. (canceled) 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising an adaptor, electrically connected to said alternating current source, said adaptor having an engagement mechanism adapted to physically hold a portion of said electrode arrangement and to electrically connect said electrode arrangement to said current source and to said processor. 4. The device of claim 3, said engagement mechanism adapted to releasably and reversibly engage said electrode arrangement. 5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 4, said engagement mechanism adapted to releasably and reversibly engage said electrode arrangement, said electrode arrangement including, or consisting of, an elongated electrode stick having a first end adapted to be received by said engagement mechanism, and a second end having said first and second electrodes. 7. The device of claim 6, said second end having a maximum width of 6.5 mm or 6.3 mm. 8. The device of claim 6, said second end having a minimum width of 2 mm. 9. The device of claim 6, wherein a maximum distance between said second end of said stick, and an end of said first and second electrodes distal to said second end, is 2.5 mm. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor, electrically disposed between said electrode arrangement and said processor, said capacitor having a capacitance to pass an output signal to said processor, when said electrical signal is above a pre-defined threshold. 11. The device of claim 3, wherein an end of said electrode arrangement has an attachment geometry that is complementary to an attachment geometry of said engagement mechanism. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The device of claim 1, further comprising a display, electrically associated with said processor, and adapted to display said output. 15. The device of claim 1, further comprising a housing, said processor and said alternating current source disposed within said housing. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein said processor is adapted to calculate said electrical impedance (Z) based on a relationship:
Z=R+iX where R is an ohmic resistance of said circuit and Xis a reactance of said circuit. 17. The device of claim 16, said reactance (X) consisting substantially solely of a capacitance term (Xc). 18.-20. (canceled) 21. The device of claim 1, wherein said device further includes a housing sized and configured to be hand-held, and wherein said alternating current source, at least part of said electrode arrangement, and said processor, are disposed within said housing. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a calculated in-vitro osmolarity. 23. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a calculated Schirmer's Test absorption length. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a calculated Meibomian Grading Score. 25. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes an ocular surface disease index (OSDI). 26. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes a corneal and conjunctival staining result. 27. The device of claim 1, wherein said eye-moisture characterization parameter includes an eye dryness severity value. | 2,800 |
343,945 | 16,803,374 | 2,895 | A hose assembly includes a corrugated metal tube having a plurality of corrugations and an outer cuff portion extending from an endmost one of the plurality of corrugations, radially outward of an inner diameter of the endmost corrugation, an end connection having an outer end defining a fluid connector and an inner end defining a nose portion received in the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube, and a collar surrounding the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection. The collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion are welded together. | 1. A hose assembly comprising:
a hose including a corrugated metal tube including a plurality of corrugations and an outer cuff portion extending from an endmost one of the plurality of corrugations, radially outward of an inner diameter of the endmost corrugation; an end connection having an outer end defining a fluid connector and an inner end defining a nose portion received in the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube; and a collar surrounding the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection, with the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion being welded together. 2. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the collar includes an outer end portion defining a radially inward extending lip received in interlocking engagement with an outer circumferential groove in the end connection. 3. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the collar includes a thinned-down portion axially aligned with and inwardly crimped against the nose portion of the end connection. 4. The hose assembly of claim 1, further comprising a reinforcement layer surrounding the corrugated metal tube. 5. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion are welded together at an inner end of the nose portion, such that no portion of the corrugated metal tube axially outward of the nose portion inner end is wetted. 6. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer cuff portion comprises a plurality of outwardly flattened corrugations. 7. A method of making a hose assembly, the method comprising:
providing a corrugated metal tube including a plurality of corrugations and an outer cuff portion extending from an endmost one of the plurality of corrugations, radially outward of an inner diameter of the endmost corrugation; inserting a nose portion of an end connection into the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube; positioning a portion of a collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection; and welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together to sealingly join the end connection with the corrugated metal tube. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein providing the corrugated metal tube comprises deforming one or more original corrugations outward of the endmost one of the plurality of corrugations to form the outer cuff portion. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein deforming the one or more original corrugations outward of the endmost one of the plurality of corrugations to form the outer cuff portion comprises expanding an inner diameter of the deformed corrugations at least approximately halfway between inner and outer diameters of the plurality of corrugations. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein inserting the nose portion of the end connection into the outer cuff portion comprises abutting the nose portion with the endmost one of the plurality of corrugations. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein inserting the nose portion of the end connection into the outer cuff portion comprises abutting an edge of the outer cuff portion with a shoulder of the end connection. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises radially deforming the collar into interlocking engagement with an outer surface of the end connection. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the portion of the collar comprises a thinned-down portion of the collar, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises crimping the thinned-down portion of the collar against the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises installing a radially inward extending lip of the collar in interlocking engagement with an outer circumferential groove in the end connection. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together comprises purging weld gases through a notch formed in one of an outer surface of the end connection and an inner surface of the collar. 16. The method of claim 7, wherein welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together comprises performing an autogenous weld. 17. The method of claim 7, wherein welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together comprises welding an inner end of the nose portion, such that no portion of the corrugated metal tube axially outward of the nose portion inner end is wetted. 18. The method of claim 7, further comprising providing a reinforcement layer surrounding the corrugated metal tube. 19. The method of claim 7, wherein the collar is symmetrical about a plane bisecting a length of the collar prior to positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises compressing the portion of the collar into press fit engagement with an outer surface of the hose. | A hose assembly includes a corrugated metal tube having a plurality of corrugations and an outer cuff portion extending from an endmost one of the plurality of corrugations, radially outward of an inner diameter of the endmost corrugation, an end connection having an outer end defining a fluid connector and an inner end defining a nose portion received in the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube, and a collar surrounding the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection. The collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion are welded together.1. A hose assembly comprising:
a hose including a corrugated metal tube including a plurality of corrugations and an outer cuff portion extending from an endmost one of the plurality of corrugations, radially outward of an inner diameter of the endmost corrugation; an end connection having an outer end defining a fluid connector and an inner end defining a nose portion received in the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube; and a collar surrounding the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection, with the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion being welded together. 2. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the collar includes an outer end portion defining a radially inward extending lip received in interlocking engagement with an outer circumferential groove in the end connection. 3. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the collar includes a thinned-down portion axially aligned with and inwardly crimped against the nose portion of the end connection. 4. The hose assembly of claim 1, further comprising a reinforcement layer surrounding the corrugated metal tube. 5. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion are welded together at an inner end of the nose portion, such that no portion of the corrugated metal tube axially outward of the nose portion inner end is wetted. 6. The hose assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer cuff portion comprises a plurality of outwardly flattened corrugations. 7. A method of making a hose assembly, the method comprising:
providing a corrugated metal tube including a plurality of corrugations and an outer cuff portion extending from an endmost one of the plurality of corrugations, radially outward of an inner diameter of the endmost corrugation; inserting a nose portion of an end connection into the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube; positioning a portion of a collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection; and welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together to sealingly join the end connection with the corrugated metal tube. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein providing the corrugated metal tube comprises deforming one or more original corrugations outward of the endmost one of the plurality of corrugations to form the outer cuff portion. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein deforming the one or more original corrugations outward of the endmost one of the plurality of corrugations to form the outer cuff portion comprises expanding an inner diameter of the deformed corrugations at least approximately halfway between inner and outer diameters of the plurality of corrugations. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein inserting the nose portion of the end connection into the outer cuff portion comprises abutting the nose portion with the endmost one of the plurality of corrugations. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein inserting the nose portion of the end connection into the outer cuff portion comprises abutting an edge of the outer cuff portion with a shoulder of the end connection. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises radially deforming the collar into interlocking engagement with an outer surface of the end connection. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the portion of the collar comprises a thinned-down portion of the collar, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises crimping the thinned-down portion of the collar against the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises installing a radially inward extending lip of the collar in interlocking engagement with an outer circumferential groove in the end connection. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together comprises purging weld gases through a notch formed in one of an outer surface of the end connection and an inner surface of the collar. 16. The method of claim 7, wherein welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together comprises performing an autogenous weld. 17. The method of claim 7, wherein welding the portion of the collar, the outer cuff portion, and the nose portion together comprises welding an inner end of the nose portion, such that no portion of the corrugated metal tube axially outward of the nose portion inner end is wetted. 18. The method of claim 7, further comprising providing a reinforcement layer surrounding the corrugated metal tube. 19. The method of claim 7, wherein the collar is symmetrical about a plane bisecting a length of the collar prior to positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein positioning the portion of the collar around the outer cuff portion of the corrugated metal tube and the nose portion of the end connection comprises compressing the portion of the collar into press fit engagement with an outer surface of the hose. | 2,800 |
343,946 | 16,803,352 | 2,895 | Systems and methods for indexing surgical videos are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access video footage to be indexed and analyze the video footage to generate a phase tag, an event tag, and an event characteristic. The at least one processor may associate at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures. The at least one processor may enable a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video for display to cause a matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for video indexing, the method comprising:
accessing video footage to be indexed, the video footage to be indexed including footage of a particular surgical procedure; analyzing the video footage to identify a video footage location associated with a surgical phase of the particular surgical procedure; generating a phase tag associated with the surgical phase; associating the phase tag with the video footage location; analyzing the video footage to identify an event location of a particular intraoperative surgical event within the surgical phase; associating an event tag with the event location of the particular intraoperative surgical event; storing an event characteristic associated with the particular intraoperative surgical event; associating at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures, wherein the data structure also includes respective phase tags, respective event tags, and respective event characteristics associated with one or more of the other surgical procedures; enabling a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video footage for display; performing a lookup in the data structure of surgical video footage matching the at least one selected phase tag, selected event tag, and selected event characteristic to identify a matching subset of stored video footage; and causing the matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user, to thereby enable the user to view surgical footage of at least one intraoperative surgical event sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein enabling the user to view surgical footage of at least one intraoperative surgical event that has the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of portions of selected surgical events lacking the selected event characteristic, includes sequentially presenting to the user portions of surgical footage of a plurality of intraoperative surgical events sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of portions of selected surgical events lacking the selected event characteristic. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes an adverse outcome of the surgical event and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view surgical footage of a selected adverse outcome while omitting playback of surgical events lacking the selected adverse outcome. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes a surgical technique and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view surgical footage of a selected surgical technique while omitting playback of surgical footage not associated with the selected surgical technique. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes a surgeon skill level, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting a selected surgeon skill level while omitting playback of footage lacking the selected surgeon skill level. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes a physical patient characteristic, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting a selected physical patient characteristic while omitting playback of footage lacking the selected physical patient characteristic. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes an identity of a specific surgeon, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting an activity by a selected surgeon while omitting playback of footage lacking activity by the selected surgeon. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes physiological response, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting a selected physiological response while omitting playback of footage lacking the selected physiological response. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the video footage to identify the video footage location associated with at least one of the surgical event or the surgical phase includes performing computer image analysis on the video footage to identify at least one of a beginning location of the surgical phase for playback or a beginning of a surgical event for playback. 30. The method of claim 21, further comprising accessing aggregate data related to a plurality of surgical procedures similar to the particular surgical procedure, and presenting to the user statistical information associated with the selected event characteristic. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the accessed video footage includes video footage captured via at least one image sensor located in at least one of a position above an operating table, in a surgical cavity of a patient, within an organ of a patient or within vasculature of a patient. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein identifying the video footage location is based on user input. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein identifying the video footage location includes using computer analysis to analyze frames of the video footage. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein the computer image analysis includes using a neural network model trained using example video frames including previously-identified surgical phases to thereby identify at least one of a video footage location or a phase tag. 35. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the stored event characteristic based on user input. 36. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the stored event characteristic based on a computer analysis of video footage depicting the particular intraoperative surgical event. 37. The method of claim 21, wherein generating the phase tag is based on a computer analysis of video footage depicting the surgical phase. 38. The method of claim 21, wherein identifying a matching subset of stored video footage includes using computer analysis to determine a degree of similarity between the matching subset of stored video and the selected event characteristic. 39. A surgical video indexing system, including:
at least one processor configured to:
access video footage to be indexed, the video footage to be indexed including footage of a particular surgical procedure;
analyze the video footage to generate a phase tag;
identify a video footage location associated with a surgical phase of the surgical procedure;
associate the phase tag with the video footage location;
analyze the video footage to identify an event location of a particular intraoperative surgical event;
associate an event tag with the event location of the particular intraoperative surgical event;
store an event characteristic of the particular intraoperative surgical event;
associate at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures, wherein the data structure also includes a respective phase tag, respective event tag, and respective event characteristics associated with one or more other surgical procedures;
enable a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video for display;
perform a lookup in the data structure of surgical video footage matching the at least one selected phase tag, selected event tag, or selected event characteristic to identify a matching subset of stored video footage; and
cause the matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user, to thereby enable the user to view surgical footage of at least one intraoperative surgical event sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. 40. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling video indexing, the operations including:
accessing video footage to be indexed, the video footage to be indexed including footage of a particular surgical procedure; analyzing the video footage to generate a phase tag; identifying a video footage location associated with a surgical phase of the surgical procedure; associating the phase tag with the video footage location; analyzing the video footage to identify an event location of a particular intraoperative surgical event; associating an event tag with the event location of the particular intraoperative surgical event; storing an event characteristic of the particular intraoperative surgical event; associating at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures, wherein the data structure also includes a respective phase tag, respective event tag, and respective event characteristic associated with at least one other surgical procedure; enabling a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video for display; performing a lookup in the data structure of surgical video footage matching the at least one selected phase tag, selected event tag, and selected event characteristic to identify a matching subset of stored video footage; and causing the matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user, to thereby enable the user to view surgical footage of the at least one other intraoperative surgical event sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. 41-282. (canceled) | Systems and methods for indexing surgical videos are disclosed. A system may include at least one processor configured to access video footage to be indexed and analyze the video footage to generate a phase tag, an event tag, and an event characteristic. The at least one processor may associate at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures. The at least one processor may enable a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video for display to cause a matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for video indexing, the method comprising:
accessing video footage to be indexed, the video footage to be indexed including footage of a particular surgical procedure; analyzing the video footage to identify a video footage location associated with a surgical phase of the particular surgical procedure; generating a phase tag associated with the surgical phase; associating the phase tag with the video footage location; analyzing the video footage to identify an event location of a particular intraoperative surgical event within the surgical phase; associating an event tag with the event location of the particular intraoperative surgical event; storing an event characteristic associated with the particular intraoperative surgical event; associating at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures, wherein the data structure also includes respective phase tags, respective event tags, and respective event characteristics associated with one or more of the other surgical procedures; enabling a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video footage for display; performing a lookup in the data structure of surgical video footage matching the at least one selected phase tag, selected event tag, and selected event characteristic to identify a matching subset of stored video footage; and causing the matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user, to thereby enable the user to view surgical footage of at least one intraoperative surgical event sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein enabling the user to view surgical footage of at least one intraoperative surgical event that has the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of portions of selected surgical events lacking the selected event characteristic, includes sequentially presenting to the user portions of surgical footage of a plurality of intraoperative surgical events sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of portions of selected surgical events lacking the selected event characteristic. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes an adverse outcome of the surgical event and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view surgical footage of a selected adverse outcome while omitting playback of surgical events lacking the selected adverse outcome. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes a surgical technique and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view surgical footage of a selected surgical technique while omitting playback of surgical footage not associated with the selected surgical technique. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes a surgeon skill level, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting a selected surgeon skill level while omitting playback of footage lacking the selected surgeon skill level. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes a physical patient characteristic, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting a selected physical patient characteristic while omitting playback of footage lacking the selected physical patient characteristic. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes an identity of a specific surgeon, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting an activity by a selected surgeon while omitting playback of footage lacking activity by the selected surgeon. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the stored event characteristic includes physiological response, and wherein causing the matching subset to be displayed includes enabling the user to view footage exhibiting a selected physiological response while omitting playback of footage lacking the selected physiological response. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the video footage to identify the video footage location associated with at least one of the surgical event or the surgical phase includes performing computer image analysis on the video footage to identify at least one of a beginning location of the surgical phase for playback or a beginning of a surgical event for playback. 30. The method of claim 21, further comprising accessing aggregate data related to a plurality of surgical procedures similar to the particular surgical procedure, and presenting to the user statistical information associated with the selected event characteristic. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the accessed video footage includes video footage captured via at least one image sensor located in at least one of a position above an operating table, in a surgical cavity of a patient, within an organ of a patient or within vasculature of a patient. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein identifying the video footage location is based on user input. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein identifying the video footage location includes using computer analysis to analyze frames of the video footage. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein the computer image analysis includes using a neural network model trained using example video frames including previously-identified surgical phases to thereby identify at least one of a video footage location or a phase tag. 35. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the stored event characteristic based on user input. 36. The method of claim 21, further comprising determining the stored event characteristic based on a computer analysis of video footage depicting the particular intraoperative surgical event. 37. The method of claim 21, wherein generating the phase tag is based on a computer analysis of video footage depicting the surgical phase. 38. The method of claim 21, wherein identifying a matching subset of stored video footage includes using computer analysis to determine a degree of similarity between the matching subset of stored video and the selected event characteristic. 39. A surgical video indexing system, including:
at least one processor configured to:
access video footage to be indexed, the video footage to be indexed including footage of a particular surgical procedure;
analyze the video footage to generate a phase tag;
identify a video footage location associated with a surgical phase of the surgical procedure;
associate the phase tag with the video footage location;
analyze the video footage to identify an event location of a particular intraoperative surgical event;
associate an event tag with the event location of the particular intraoperative surgical event;
store an event characteristic of the particular intraoperative surgical event;
associate at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures, wherein the data structure also includes a respective phase tag, respective event tag, and respective event characteristics associated with one or more other surgical procedures;
enable a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video for display;
perform a lookup in the data structure of surgical video footage matching the at least one selected phase tag, selected event tag, or selected event characteristic to identify a matching subset of stored video footage; and
cause the matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user, to thereby enable the user to view surgical footage of at least one intraoperative surgical event sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. 40. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to execute operations enabling video indexing, the operations including:
accessing video footage to be indexed, the video footage to be indexed including footage of a particular surgical procedure; analyzing the video footage to generate a phase tag; identifying a video footage location associated with a surgical phase of the surgical procedure; associating the phase tag with the video footage location; analyzing the video footage to identify an event location of a particular intraoperative surgical event; associating an event tag with the event location of the particular intraoperative surgical event; storing an event characteristic of the particular intraoperative surgical event; associating at least a portion of the video footage of the particular surgical procedure with the phase tag, the event tag, and the event characteristic in a data structure that contains additional video footage of other surgical procedures, wherein the data structure also includes a respective phase tag, respective event tag, and respective event characteristic associated with at least one other surgical procedure; enabling a user to access the data structure through selection of a selected phase tag, a selected event tag, and a selected event characteristic of video for display; performing a lookup in the data structure of surgical video footage matching the at least one selected phase tag, selected event tag, and selected event characteristic to identify a matching subset of stored video footage; and causing the matching subset of stored video footage to be displayed to the user, to thereby enable the user to view surgical footage of the at least one other intraoperative surgical event sharing the selected event characteristic, while omitting playback of video footage lacking the selected event characteristic. 41-282. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,947 | 16,803,407 | 2,895 | Decentralized authentication anchored by decentralized identifiers. A user indication is received. The user indication includes selecting at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms. In response to a user indication, a decentralized identifier and a DID document are generated. The DID document includes at least (1) data related to the decentralized identifier and (2) data related to the selected at least one authentication mechanism. At least a portion of data contained in the DID document is then propagated onto a distributed ledger. | 1. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform the following: receive a user indication to generate a decentralized identifier, the user indication comprising selecting at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms; in response to the user indication,
generate a decentralized identifier (DID);
generate a DID document, including at least (1) data related to the decentralized identifier and (2) data related to the selected at least one authentication mechanism; and
propagate at least a portion of data contained in the DID document to a distributed ledger. 2. The computing system of claim 1, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
receive a request from a verifying entity for authenticating a user action; in response to the request, causing authentication data to be generated based on the at least one authentication mechanism; and cause the generated authentication data to be sent to the verifying entity. 3. The computing system of claim 2, the authentication data being generate by at least one of the following: (1) the computing system, (2) a second computing system of the user, or (3) an authentication service. 4. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
cause the verifying entity to validate the authentication data based on the at least one authentication mechanism. 5. The computing system of claim 4, the plurality of authentication mechanisms comprising at least one of the following: (1) a public key infrastructure, (2) an authentication service, (3) a self-issued claim, or (4) a verifiable claim that is verifiable by a particular claim issuer. 6. The computing system of claim 5, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes a public key infrastructure,
the generating the decentralized identifier including generating a key pair including a public key and a private key, the generating the DID document including recording the public key in the DID document, and the propagating at least a portion of data contained in the DID document to the distributed ledger including recording at least data related to the public key in the distributed ledger. 7. The computing system of claim 6, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
in response to a request from the verifying entity to authenticate the user action, the generating authentication data including generating a cryptographic signature encrypted by the private key. 8. The computing system of claim 7, the causing the verifying entity to validate the authentication data based on the at least one authentication mechanism including:
causing the verifying entity to
retrieve the data related to the public key via the distributed ledger;
decrypt the cryptographic signature by the public key; and
in response to a valid decryption result, determine that the user's action is authenticated. 9. The computing system of claim 5, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes an authentication service,
the generating the DID document including recording data related to an identity of the authentication service in the DID document. 10. The computing system of claim 5, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes a self-issued claim or a verifiable claim,
the generating the DID document including recording at least one identity attribute that is required to be conveyed in the self-issued claim or the verifiable claim. 11. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the at least one identity attribute includes email address. 12. The computing system of claim 10, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes a verifiable claim,
the generating the DID document further including recording an identifier of the claim issuer that issues the verifiable claim. 13. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the claim issuer is associated with a DID, and the identifier of the claim issuer includes a DID of the claim issuer. 14. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform the following:
receive a request from a device of a user that is associated with a decentralized identifier (DID);
access a distributed ledger to obtain data related to the DID, the data related to the DID comprising at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms that can be used to authenticate the user;
based on the at least one authentication mechanism, generate an authentication request, requesting the user to prove that the user has control over the DID;
send the request to the device of the user;
receive a response containing authentication data; and
validate the authentication data based on the at least one authentication mechanism. 15. The computing system of claim 14, the response containing authentication data being generated from at least one of the following: (1) the device of the user, (2) a second device of the user, or (3) an authentication service. 16. The computing system of claim 14, the plurality of authentication mechanism comprising at least one of the following: (1) a public key infrastructure, (2) an authentication service, (3) a self-issued claim, or (4) a verifiable claim that is verifiable by a particular claim issuer. 17. The computing system of claim 16, when the at least one authentication mechanism includes a public key infrastructure,
the data related to the DID obtained from the distributed ledger including data related to a public key of the DID; the received authentication data including a cryptographic signature signed by a private key corresponding to the public key of the DID; and the validating the authentication data including
decrypting the cryptographic signature by the public key using the data related to the public key obtained from the distributed ledger; and
analyzing the decrypted signature to determine whether the authentication data is valid. 18. The computing system of claim 16, when the at least one authentication mechanism includes an authentication service,
the received authentication data including a URL referencing an endpoint of the authentication service; the computing system further caused to:
communicate with the authentication service via the URL; and
receive an authentication result from the authentication service via the URL. 19. The computing system of claim 16, wherein when the at least one authentication mechanism includes a self-issued claim or a verifiable claim,
the data related to the DID comprises at least one identity attribute that is required to be conveyed in the self-issued claim or the verifiable claim; the received authentication data includes the self-issued claim issued by the DID of the user or the verifiable claim issued by a claim issuer. 20. A method implemented at a computing system for generating and authenticating a decentralized identifier, comprising:
receiving a user indication to generate a decentralized identifier, the user indication comprising selecting at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms; in response to the user indication,
generating a decentralized identifier (DID);
generating a DID document, including at least (1) data related to the decentralized identifier and (2) data related to the selected at least one authentication mechanism; and
propagating at least a portion of data contained in the DID document to a distributed ledger. | Decentralized authentication anchored by decentralized identifiers. A user indication is received. The user indication includes selecting at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms. In response to a user indication, a decentralized identifier and a DID document are generated. The DID document includes at least (1) data related to the decentralized identifier and (2) data related to the selected at least one authentication mechanism. At least a portion of data contained in the DID document is then propagated onto a distributed ledger.1. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform the following: receive a user indication to generate a decentralized identifier, the user indication comprising selecting at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms; in response to the user indication,
generate a decentralized identifier (DID);
generate a DID document, including at least (1) data related to the decentralized identifier and (2) data related to the selected at least one authentication mechanism; and
propagate at least a portion of data contained in the DID document to a distributed ledger. 2. The computing system of claim 1, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
receive a request from a verifying entity for authenticating a user action; in response to the request, causing authentication data to be generated based on the at least one authentication mechanism; and cause the generated authentication data to be sent to the verifying entity. 3. The computing system of claim 2, the authentication data being generate by at least one of the following: (1) the computing system, (2) a second computing system of the user, or (3) an authentication service. 4. The computing system of claim 2, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
cause the verifying entity to validate the authentication data based on the at least one authentication mechanism. 5. The computing system of claim 4, the plurality of authentication mechanisms comprising at least one of the following: (1) a public key infrastructure, (2) an authentication service, (3) a self-issued claim, or (4) a verifiable claim that is verifiable by a particular claim issuer. 6. The computing system of claim 5, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes a public key infrastructure,
the generating the decentralized identifier including generating a key pair including a public key and a private key, the generating the DID document including recording the public key in the DID document, and the propagating at least a portion of data contained in the DID document to the distributed ledger including recording at least data related to the public key in the distributed ledger. 7. The computing system of claim 6, the computing system further caused to perform the following:
in response to a request from the verifying entity to authenticate the user action, the generating authentication data including generating a cryptographic signature encrypted by the private key. 8. The computing system of claim 7, the causing the verifying entity to validate the authentication data based on the at least one authentication mechanism including:
causing the verifying entity to
retrieve the data related to the public key via the distributed ledger;
decrypt the cryptographic signature by the public key; and
in response to a valid decryption result, determine that the user's action is authenticated. 9. The computing system of claim 5, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes an authentication service,
the generating the DID document including recording data related to an identity of the authentication service in the DID document. 10. The computing system of claim 5, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes a self-issued claim or a verifiable claim,
the generating the DID document including recording at least one identity attribute that is required to be conveyed in the self-issued claim or the verifiable claim. 11. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the at least one identity attribute includes email address. 12. The computing system of claim 10, when the selected at least one authentication mechanism includes a verifiable claim,
the generating the DID document further including recording an identifier of the claim issuer that issues the verifiable claim. 13. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the claim issuer is associated with a DID, and the identifier of the claim issuer includes a DID of the claim issuer. 14. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform the following:
receive a request from a device of a user that is associated with a decentralized identifier (DID);
access a distributed ledger to obtain data related to the DID, the data related to the DID comprising at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms that can be used to authenticate the user;
based on the at least one authentication mechanism, generate an authentication request, requesting the user to prove that the user has control over the DID;
send the request to the device of the user;
receive a response containing authentication data; and
validate the authentication data based on the at least one authentication mechanism. 15. The computing system of claim 14, the response containing authentication data being generated from at least one of the following: (1) the device of the user, (2) a second device of the user, or (3) an authentication service. 16. The computing system of claim 14, the plurality of authentication mechanism comprising at least one of the following: (1) a public key infrastructure, (2) an authentication service, (3) a self-issued claim, or (4) a verifiable claim that is verifiable by a particular claim issuer. 17. The computing system of claim 16, when the at least one authentication mechanism includes a public key infrastructure,
the data related to the DID obtained from the distributed ledger including data related to a public key of the DID; the received authentication data including a cryptographic signature signed by a private key corresponding to the public key of the DID; and the validating the authentication data including
decrypting the cryptographic signature by the public key using the data related to the public key obtained from the distributed ledger; and
analyzing the decrypted signature to determine whether the authentication data is valid. 18. The computing system of claim 16, when the at least one authentication mechanism includes an authentication service,
the received authentication data including a URL referencing an endpoint of the authentication service; the computing system further caused to:
communicate with the authentication service via the URL; and
receive an authentication result from the authentication service via the URL. 19. The computing system of claim 16, wherein when the at least one authentication mechanism includes a self-issued claim or a verifiable claim,
the data related to the DID comprises at least one identity attribute that is required to be conveyed in the self-issued claim or the verifiable claim; the received authentication data includes the self-issued claim issued by the DID of the user or the verifiable claim issued by a claim issuer. 20. A method implemented at a computing system for generating and authenticating a decentralized identifier, comprising:
receiving a user indication to generate a decentralized identifier, the user indication comprising selecting at least one of a plurality of authentication mechanisms; in response to the user indication,
generating a decentralized identifier (DID);
generating a DID document, including at least (1) data related to the decentralized identifier and (2) data related to the selected at least one authentication mechanism; and
propagating at least a portion of data contained in the DID document to a distributed ledger. | 2,800 |
343,948 | 16,803,414 | 2,895 | A portable bioreactor is provided for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction and includes a machine frame unit and a first elevator. The first elevator includes a first linear movement module, a first transmission module, and a first turning module. The first linear movement module includes a first slider which is slidable on the first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position and a first bottom position. The first turning module is coupled to the first slider through the first transmission module so as to permit turning of the first turning module to be translated by the first transmission module into linear sliding movement of the first slider at a varying speed. | 1. A portable bioreactor for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction, said portable bioreactor comprising:
a machine frame unit for holding the at least one tube cassette; and a first elevator including
a first linear movement module including a first guide rail which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and a first slider which is coupled to retain the at least one stirring sleeve, and which is slidable on said first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position, where said first slider is distal from the at least one tube cassette, and a first bottom position, where said first slider is proximate to the at least one tube cassette,
a first transmission module including
a first transmission member having a first pivotal segment and a first guiding segment which is opposite to said first pivotal segment, and
a first guided member coupled slidably to said first guiding segment, one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment being coupled to said first slider, and
a first turning module which is coupled to the other one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment to drive the turning of said first transmission member such that during turning of said first transmission member, said first slider, together with the at least one stirring sleeve, is moved by said first guided member to slide linearly at a varying speed on said first guide rail in the first direction. 2. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first slider is slidable to a middle position which is between the first top and bottom positions so as to permit a bottom of the at least one stirring sleeve to be disposed above and proximate to a liquid surface inside the at least one tube cassette; and wherein during sliding of said first slider, an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving to the middle position is slower than an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving toward the first top position. 3. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first turning module includes a drive body and an output shaft which extends along a shaft axis in a second direction transverse to the first direction, and which is actuated by said drive body to be turnable about the shaft axis; and wherein said first turning module and said first guided member are disposed at two opposite sides of said first guide rail in a third direction which is transverse to both the first and second directions. 4. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guided member is coupled to said first slider, and said first turning module is coupled to said first pivotal segment. 5. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guiding segment has an elongated slot configured to permit said first guided member to be slidably engaged therein. 6. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising a carrying unit which includes
two base rails each extending in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said base rails being mounted on said machine frame unit to be spaced apart from each other in a third direction transverse to both the first and second directions, a carrier member which is coupled slidably on said base rails and which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and a drive module coupled to drive the sliding of said carrier member relative to said machine frame unit. 7. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6, wherein said drive module includes
a rack piece mounted beneath said carrier member, a drive gear mounted on said machine frame unit, and configured to mesh with said rack piece, and a drive member coupled to drive rotation of said drive gear so as to drive the sliding of said carrier member on said base rails. 8. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said machine frame unit includes a base frame and a side frame which is disposed on said base frame, and which has an opening; wherein said base rails are mounted on said base frame; and wherein said carrier member includes a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and a carrier portion which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which is detachably mounted on said base portion so as to permit removal of said carrier portion, together with the at least one tube cassette, from the machine frame unit via said opening. 9. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said carrying unit further includes a heating member; and wherein said carrier member includes
a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and which has said heating member mounted thereon, and
a carrier portion which is detachably mounted on said base portion for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which has a through hole in a position corresponding to said heating member. 10. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transfer unit including at least one elongated rod which is configured to insert into the at least one stirring sleeve, and which has a bottom magnetic attractive portion; and a second elevator which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and which is spaced apart from said first elevator in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said second elevator including
a second linear movement module including a second guide rail, and a second slider which is coupled to retain said transfer unit to permit said elongated rod to be inserted into the at least one stirring sleeve, said second slider being slidable on said second guide rail in the first direction between a second top position and a second bottom position relative to the at least one tube cassette,
a second transmission module including
a second transmission member having a second pivotal segment and a second guiding segment which is opposite to said second pivotal segment, and
a second guided member coupled slidably to said second guiding segment, one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment being coupled to said second slider, and
a second turning module which is coupled to the other one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment to drive the turning of said second transmission member such that when said first slider is in the first bottom position, during turning of said second transmission member, said second slider, together with said transfer unit, is permitted to be moved by said second guided member to slide linearly to the second bottom position at a varying speed, thereby allowing magnetic beads inside the at least one tube cassette to be attracted around the at least one stirring sleeve. | A portable bioreactor is provided for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction and includes a machine frame unit and a first elevator. The first elevator includes a first linear movement module, a first transmission module, and a first turning module. The first linear movement module includes a first slider which is slidable on the first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position and a first bottom position. The first turning module is coupled to the first slider through the first transmission module so as to permit turning of the first turning module to be translated by the first transmission module into linear sliding movement of the first slider at a varying speed.1. A portable bioreactor for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction, said portable bioreactor comprising:
a machine frame unit for holding the at least one tube cassette; and a first elevator including
a first linear movement module including a first guide rail which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and a first slider which is coupled to retain the at least one stirring sleeve, and which is slidable on said first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position, where said first slider is distal from the at least one tube cassette, and a first bottom position, where said first slider is proximate to the at least one tube cassette,
a first transmission module including
a first transmission member having a first pivotal segment and a first guiding segment which is opposite to said first pivotal segment, and
a first guided member coupled slidably to said first guiding segment, one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment being coupled to said first slider, and
a first turning module which is coupled to the other one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment to drive the turning of said first transmission member such that during turning of said first transmission member, said first slider, together with the at least one stirring sleeve, is moved by said first guided member to slide linearly at a varying speed on said first guide rail in the first direction. 2. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first slider is slidable to a middle position which is between the first top and bottom positions so as to permit a bottom of the at least one stirring sleeve to be disposed above and proximate to a liquid surface inside the at least one tube cassette; and wherein during sliding of said first slider, an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving to the middle position is slower than an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving toward the first top position. 3. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first turning module includes a drive body and an output shaft which extends along a shaft axis in a second direction transverse to the first direction, and which is actuated by said drive body to be turnable about the shaft axis; and wherein said first turning module and said first guided member are disposed at two opposite sides of said first guide rail in a third direction which is transverse to both the first and second directions. 4. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guided member is coupled to said first slider, and said first turning module is coupled to said first pivotal segment. 5. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guiding segment has an elongated slot configured to permit said first guided member to be slidably engaged therein. 6. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising a carrying unit which includes
two base rails each extending in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said base rails being mounted on said machine frame unit to be spaced apart from each other in a third direction transverse to both the first and second directions, a carrier member which is coupled slidably on said base rails and which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and a drive module coupled to drive the sliding of said carrier member relative to said machine frame unit. 7. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6, wherein said drive module includes
a rack piece mounted beneath said carrier member, a drive gear mounted on said machine frame unit, and configured to mesh with said rack piece, and a drive member coupled to drive rotation of said drive gear so as to drive the sliding of said carrier member on said base rails. 8. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said machine frame unit includes a base frame and a side frame which is disposed on said base frame, and which has an opening; wherein said base rails are mounted on said base frame; and wherein said carrier member includes a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and a carrier portion which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which is detachably mounted on said base portion so as to permit removal of said carrier portion, together with the at least one tube cassette, from the machine frame unit via said opening. 9. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said carrying unit further includes a heating member; and wherein said carrier member includes
a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and which has said heating member mounted thereon, and
a carrier portion which is detachably mounted on said base portion for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which has a through hole in a position corresponding to said heating member. 10. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transfer unit including at least one elongated rod which is configured to insert into the at least one stirring sleeve, and which has a bottom magnetic attractive portion; and a second elevator which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and which is spaced apart from said first elevator in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said second elevator including
a second linear movement module including a second guide rail, and a second slider which is coupled to retain said transfer unit to permit said elongated rod to be inserted into the at least one stirring sleeve, said second slider being slidable on said second guide rail in the first direction between a second top position and a second bottom position relative to the at least one tube cassette,
a second transmission module including
a second transmission member having a second pivotal segment and a second guiding segment which is opposite to said second pivotal segment, and
a second guided member coupled slidably to said second guiding segment, one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment being coupled to said second slider, and
a second turning module which is coupled to the other one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment to drive the turning of said second transmission member such that when said first slider is in the first bottom position, during turning of said second transmission member, said second slider, together with said transfer unit, is permitted to be moved by said second guided member to slide linearly to the second bottom position at a varying speed, thereby allowing magnetic beads inside the at least one tube cassette to be attracted around the at least one stirring sleeve. | 2,800 |
343,949 | 16,803,416 | 2,895 | A portable bioreactor is provided for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction and includes a machine frame unit and a first elevator. The first elevator includes a first linear movement module, a first transmission module, and a first turning module. The first linear movement module includes a first slider which is slidable on the first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position and a first bottom position. The first turning module is coupled to the first slider through the first transmission module so as to permit turning of the first turning module to be translated by the first transmission module into linear sliding movement of the first slider at a varying speed. | 1. A portable bioreactor for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction, said portable bioreactor comprising:
a machine frame unit for holding the at least one tube cassette; and a first elevator including
a first linear movement module including a first guide rail which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and a first slider which is coupled to retain the at least one stirring sleeve, and which is slidable on said first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position, where said first slider is distal from the at least one tube cassette, and a first bottom position, where said first slider is proximate to the at least one tube cassette,
a first transmission module including
a first transmission member having a first pivotal segment and a first guiding segment which is opposite to said first pivotal segment, and
a first guided member coupled slidably to said first guiding segment, one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment being coupled to said first slider, and
a first turning module which is coupled to the other one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment to drive the turning of said first transmission member such that during turning of said first transmission member, said first slider, together with the at least one stirring sleeve, is moved by said first guided member to slide linearly at a varying speed on said first guide rail in the first direction. 2. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first slider is slidable to a middle position which is between the first top and bottom positions so as to permit a bottom of the at least one stirring sleeve to be disposed above and proximate to a liquid surface inside the at least one tube cassette; and wherein during sliding of said first slider, an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving to the middle position is slower than an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving toward the first top position. 3. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first turning module includes a drive body and an output shaft which extends along a shaft axis in a second direction transverse to the first direction, and which is actuated by said drive body to be turnable about the shaft axis; and wherein said first turning module and said first guided member are disposed at two opposite sides of said first guide rail in a third direction which is transverse to both the first and second directions. 4. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guided member is coupled to said first slider, and said first turning module is coupled to said first pivotal segment. 5. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guiding segment has an elongated slot configured to permit said first guided member to be slidably engaged therein. 6. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising a carrying unit which includes
two base rails each extending in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said base rails being mounted on said machine frame unit to be spaced apart from each other in a third direction transverse to both the first and second directions, a carrier member which is coupled slidably on said base rails and which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and a drive module coupled to drive the sliding of said carrier member relative to said machine frame unit. 7. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6, wherein said drive module includes
a rack piece mounted beneath said carrier member, a drive gear mounted on said machine frame unit, and configured to mesh with said rack piece, and a drive member coupled to drive rotation of said drive gear so as to drive the sliding of said carrier member on said base rails. 8. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said machine frame unit includes a base frame and a side frame which is disposed on said base frame, and which has an opening; wherein said base rails are mounted on said base frame; and wherein said carrier member includes a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and a carrier portion which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which is detachably mounted on said base portion so as to permit removal of said carrier portion, together with the at least one tube cassette, from the machine frame unit via said opening. 9. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said carrying unit further includes a heating member; and wherein said carrier member includes
a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and which has said heating member mounted thereon, and
a carrier portion which is detachably mounted on said base portion for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which has a through hole in a position corresponding to said heating member. 10. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transfer unit including at least one elongated rod which is configured to insert into the at least one stirring sleeve, and which has a bottom magnetic attractive portion; and a second elevator which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and which is spaced apart from said first elevator in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said second elevator including
a second linear movement module including a second guide rail, and a second slider which is coupled to retain said transfer unit to permit said elongated rod to be inserted into the at least one stirring sleeve, said second slider being slidable on said second guide rail in the first direction between a second top position and a second bottom position relative to the at least one tube cassette,
a second transmission module including
a second transmission member having a second pivotal segment and a second guiding segment which is opposite to said second pivotal segment, and
a second guided member coupled slidably to said second guiding segment, one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment being coupled to said second slider, and
a second turning module which is coupled to the other one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment to drive the turning of said second transmission member such that when said first slider is in the first bottom position, during turning of said second transmission member, said second slider, together with said transfer unit, is permitted to be moved by said second guided member to slide linearly to the second bottom position at a varying speed, thereby allowing magnetic beads inside the at least one tube cassette to be attracted around the at least one stirring sleeve. | A portable bioreactor is provided for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction and includes a machine frame unit and a first elevator. The first elevator includes a first linear movement module, a first transmission module, and a first turning module. The first linear movement module includes a first slider which is slidable on the first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position and a first bottom position. The first turning module is coupled to the first slider through the first transmission module so as to permit turning of the first turning module to be translated by the first transmission module into linear sliding movement of the first slider at a varying speed.1. A portable bioreactor for driving displacement of at least one stirring sleeve relative to at least one tube cassette in a first direction, said portable bioreactor comprising:
a machine frame unit for holding the at least one tube cassette; and a first elevator including
a first linear movement module including a first guide rail which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and a first slider which is coupled to retain the at least one stirring sleeve, and which is slidable on said first guide rail in the first direction between a first top position, where said first slider is distal from the at least one tube cassette, and a first bottom position, where said first slider is proximate to the at least one tube cassette,
a first transmission module including
a first transmission member having a first pivotal segment and a first guiding segment which is opposite to said first pivotal segment, and
a first guided member coupled slidably to said first guiding segment, one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment being coupled to said first slider, and
a first turning module which is coupled to the other one of said first guided member and said first pivotal segment to drive the turning of said first transmission member such that during turning of said first transmission member, said first slider, together with the at least one stirring sleeve, is moved by said first guided member to slide linearly at a varying speed on said first guide rail in the first direction. 2. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first slider is slidable to a middle position which is between the first top and bottom positions so as to permit a bottom of the at least one stirring sleeve to be disposed above and proximate to a liquid surface inside the at least one tube cassette; and wherein during sliding of said first slider, an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving to the middle position is slower than an instantaneous velocity of said first slider when moving toward the first top position. 3. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1,
wherein said first turning module includes a drive body and an output shaft which extends along a shaft axis in a second direction transverse to the first direction, and which is actuated by said drive body to be turnable about the shaft axis; and wherein said first turning module and said first guided member are disposed at two opposite sides of said first guide rail in a third direction which is transverse to both the first and second directions. 4. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guided member is coupled to said first slider, and said first turning module is coupled to said first pivotal segment. 5. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, wherein said first guiding segment has an elongated slot configured to permit said first guided member to be slidably engaged therein. 6. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising a carrying unit which includes
two base rails each extending in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said base rails being mounted on said machine frame unit to be spaced apart from each other in a third direction transverse to both the first and second directions, a carrier member which is coupled slidably on said base rails and which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and a drive module coupled to drive the sliding of said carrier member relative to said machine frame unit. 7. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6, wherein said drive module includes
a rack piece mounted beneath said carrier member, a drive gear mounted on said machine frame unit, and configured to mesh with said rack piece, and a drive member coupled to drive rotation of said drive gear so as to drive the sliding of said carrier member on said base rails. 8. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said machine frame unit includes a base frame and a side frame which is disposed on said base frame, and which has an opening; wherein said base rails are mounted on said base frame; and wherein said carrier member includes a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and a carrier portion which is configured for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which is detachably mounted on said base portion so as to permit removal of said carrier portion, together with the at least one tube cassette, from the machine frame unit via said opening. 9. The portable bioreactor according to claim 6,
wherein said carrying unit further includes a heating member; and wherein said carrier member includes
a base portion which is slidably coupled on said base rails, and which has said heating member mounted thereon, and
a carrier portion which is detachably mounted on said base portion for carrying the at least one tube cassette, and which has a through hole in a position corresponding to said heating member. 10. The portable bioreactor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transfer unit including at least one elongated rod which is configured to insert into the at least one stirring sleeve, and which has a bottom magnetic attractive portion; and a second elevator which is mounted to said machine frame unit, and which is spaced apart from said first elevator in a second direction transverse to the first direction, said second elevator including
a second linear movement module including a second guide rail, and a second slider which is coupled to retain said transfer unit to permit said elongated rod to be inserted into the at least one stirring sleeve, said second slider being slidable on said second guide rail in the first direction between a second top position and a second bottom position relative to the at least one tube cassette,
a second transmission module including
a second transmission member having a second pivotal segment and a second guiding segment which is opposite to said second pivotal segment, and
a second guided member coupled slidably to said second guiding segment, one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment being coupled to said second slider, and
a second turning module which is coupled to the other one of said second guided member and said second pivotal segment to drive the turning of said second transmission member such that when said first slider is in the first bottom position, during turning of said second transmission member, said second slider, together with said transfer unit, is permitted to be moved by said second guided member to slide linearly to the second bottom position at a varying speed, thereby allowing magnetic beads inside the at least one tube cassette to be attracted around the at least one stirring sleeve. | 2,800 |
343,950 | 16,803,419 | 2,661 | A system and method for visually automated interface integration that includes collecting image data; detecting a device interface source in the image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source into an extracted interface representation; and exposing at least one access interface to the extracted interface representation. | 1. A method for uncoupled remote device monitoring comprising:
collecting image data; detecting a device interface source present in the field of view of the image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source into an extracted interface representation; and exposing at least one access interface to the extracted interface representation. | A system and method for visually automated interface integration that includes collecting image data; detecting a device interface source in the image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source into an extracted interface representation; and exposing at least one access interface to the extracted interface representation.1. A method for uncoupled remote device monitoring comprising:
collecting image data; detecting a device interface source present in the field of view of the image data; processing the image data associated with the device interface source into an extracted interface representation; and exposing at least one access interface to the extracted interface representation. | 2,600 |
343,951 | 16,803,408 | 2,661 | In examples of the disclosure, a device may be couple an electrical load to a power source. The device may have a first coupling configured to couple to the power source and a second coupling configured to couple to the electrical load. The device may have a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling. Each of the plurality of strands may have a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m and a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. | 1. A device configured to couple an electrical load to a power source, the device comprising:
a first coupling configured to couple to the power source; a second coupling configured to couple to the electrical load; and a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling, each of the plurality of strands including: a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 ohms per meter (Ω-m) and less than 1 Ω-m; and a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of stranded conductors is bundled together in a matrix. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the resistance factor of the plurality of conductors is between 1.0 and 1.1 from 0 Hz to 1 MHz. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a bundle insulation having a resistivity greater than 1×1010 Ω-m, and the plurality of strands, at least in part, wrapped by the bundle insulation. 5. The device of claim 4, further comprising a second coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m wrapped, at least in part, around the bundle insulation. 6. The device of claim 5, further comprising an electromagnetic induction (EMI) shield wrapped, at least in part, around the second coating. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the resistivity of the plurality of strands conductors is between 1.8×104 Ω-m to 1.8×10−10 Ω-m. 8. A system for supplying power to an electrical vehicle load during vehicle operations of a vehicle, comprising:
an engine mounted in or on the vehicle; a power source coupled to the engine and configured to generate electrical power at a voltage above 270 volts for the vehicle electrical load during operations of the vehicle; a first coupling configured to couple to the power source; a second coupling configured to couple to the vehicle electrical load; and a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling, each of the plurality of strands including:
a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m; and
a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the resistance factor of the plurality of conductors is between 1.00 and 1.75 from 0 Hz to 10 MHz. 10. The system of claim 8, further comprising a bundle insulation having a resistivity greater than 1×1011 Ω-m, and the plurality of strands, at least in part, wrapped by the bundle insulation. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a second coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m wrapped, at least in part, around the bundle insulation. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising an electromagnetic induction (EMI) shield wrapped, at least in part, around the second coating. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the resistivity of the plurality of strands conductors is between 1.8×104 Ω-m to 1.8×10−10 Ω-m. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of stranded conductors is bundled together in a rectangular cross section. 15. An aircraft, comprising:
a wing; a fuselage coupled to the wing: an engine coupled to the fuselage and the wing; an electrical load of a high energy device associated with the aircraft during flight operations; a power source coupled to the engine and configured to generate electrical power at a voltage above 270 volts for the electrical load of the high energy device during flight operations; and a first coupling configured to couple to the power source; a second coupling configured to couple to the aircraft electrical load; and a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling, each of the plurality of strands including:
a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m; and
a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. 16. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the plurality of strands is, at least partially, within a bundle insulation having a resistivity greater than 1×1012 Ω-m. 17. The aircraft of claim 16, wherein the bundle insulation is wrapped, at least partially, within a semi conductive layer which has a resistivity greater than 0.000000018 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m. 18. The aircraft of claim 17, wherein the semi conductive layer is, at least partially, within an EMI shield. 19. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the resistivity of the plurality of strands conductors is between 1.8×10−6 Ω-m to 1.8×10−10 Ω-m. 20. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the plurality of stranded conductors is bundled together in a rectangular cross section. | In examples of the disclosure, a device may be couple an electrical load to a power source. The device may have a first coupling configured to couple to the power source and a second coupling configured to couple to the electrical load. The device may have a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling. Each of the plurality of strands may have a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m and a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating.1. A device configured to couple an electrical load to a power source, the device comprising:
a first coupling configured to couple to the power source; a second coupling configured to couple to the electrical load; and a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling, each of the plurality of strands including: a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 ohms per meter (Ω-m) and less than 1 Ω-m; and a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of stranded conductors is bundled together in a matrix. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the resistance factor of the plurality of conductors is between 1.0 and 1.1 from 0 Hz to 1 MHz. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a bundle insulation having a resistivity greater than 1×1010 Ω-m, and the plurality of strands, at least in part, wrapped by the bundle insulation. 5. The device of claim 4, further comprising a second coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m wrapped, at least in part, around the bundle insulation. 6. The device of claim 5, further comprising an electromagnetic induction (EMI) shield wrapped, at least in part, around the second coating. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the resistivity of the plurality of strands conductors is between 1.8×104 Ω-m to 1.8×10−10 Ω-m. 8. A system for supplying power to an electrical vehicle load during vehicle operations of a vehicle, comprising:
an engine mounted in or on the vehicle; a power source coupled to the engine and configured to generate electrical power at a voltage above 270 volts for the vehicle electrical load during operations of the vehicle; a first coupling configured to couple to the power source; a second coupling configured to couple to the vehicle electrical load; and a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling, each of the plurality of strands including:
a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m; and
a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the resistance factor of the plurality of conductors is between 1.00 and 1.75 from 0 Hz to 10 MHz. 10. The system of claim 8, further comprising a bundle insulation having a resistivity greater than 1×1011 Ω-m, and the plurality of strands, at least in part, wrapped by the bundle insulation. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a second coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m wrapped, at least in part, around the bundle insulation. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising an electromagnetic induction (EMI) shield wrapped, at least in part, around the second coating. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the resistivity of the plurality of strands conductors is between 1.8×104 Ω-m to 1.8×10−10 Ω-m. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of stranded conductors is bundled together in a rectangular cross section. 15. An aircraft, comprising:
a wing; a fuselage coupled to the wing: an engine coupled to the fuselage and the wing; an electrical load of a high energy device associated with the aircraft during flight operations; a power source coupled to the engine and configured to generate electrical power at a voltage above 270 volts for the electrical load of the high energy device during flight operations; and a first coupling configured to couple to the power source; a second coupling configured to couple to the aircraft electrical load; and a plurality of strands electrically disposed between the first coupling and the second coupling, each of the plurality of strands including:
a coating having a resistivity greater than 1.8×10−8 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m; and
a center conductor wrapped, at least in part, by the coating. 16. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the plurality of strands is, at least partially, within a bundle insulation having a resistivity greater than 1×1012 Ω-m. 17. The aircraft of claim 16, wherein the bundle insulation is wrapped, at least partially, within a semi conductive layer which has a resistivity greater than 0.000000018 Ω-m and less than 1 Ω-m. 18. The aircraft of claim 17, wherein the semi conductive layer is, at least partially, within an EMI shield. 19. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the resistivity of the plurality of strands conductors is between 1.8×10−6 Ω-m to 1.8×10−10 Ω-m. 20. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the plurality of stranded conductors is bundled together in a rectangular cross section. | 2,600 |
343,952 | 16,803,426 | 2,872 | A system for replicating a standardized visual acuity test, such as the 20′ Snellen test may comprise a binocular viewer attached to a smartphone. A binocular viewer may comprise a housing comprising a pair tube covers having voids allowing for viewing through a pair of lens tubes with each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens a first lens an aperture and a front cover. The optical systems use an artful combination of front and back lens surfaces, demagnification and other systems to faithfully replicate the sight lines perceived by a user of a traditional 20′ test. The system also allows for the incorporation of other tests conducted with both eyes including Color Sensitivity and Contrast, furthermore by placing a deformable, tunable lens between the second lens and the eye the device serves as an ophthalmic refractometer, allowing a Spherical Equivalent refraction estimate for each eye. | 1. A system for presenting visual images to an optical system, the system comprising:
a) a housing (200); b) the housing containing a pair of lens tubes (250) c) each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens (360); d) a first lens (320) in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens comprising a front surface and the first lens comprising a back surface e) a front cover (260) configured to accommodate a screen (405) of an electronic device such that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane the front surface of the first lens; f) the lenses of the first lens tube configured to produce a horizontal angular disparity in an image presented to the optical system as compared to the image presented by the lenses of the second lens tube. 2. A system for presenting visual images to an optical system, the system comprising:
a) a housing (200); b) the housing containing a pair of lens tubes (250); c) each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens, the second lens comprising a variable lens system to allow for refraction correction; the second lens disposed adjacent to the optical system; d) a first lens in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens comprising a front surface and the first lens comprising a back surface; and e) a front cover (260) configured to accommodate a screen (405) of an electronic device such that the screen of the electronic device is in the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the second lens comprises a liquid lens. 4. The system of claim 2 wherein the second lens is a zoom lens comporting a Stokes equation for controlling cylinder and axis adjustments. 5. The system of claim 2 wherein the second lens is an elastic deformable lens. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein a field of view adjustment lens is disposed between the first lens and the screen of the electronic device. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein a field of view adjustment lens is disposed between the second lens and the optical system. 8. The system of claim 6 used to test the field of view for an optical system. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the screen comprises a liquid crystal display built in to the front cover. 10. The system of claim 1 having an object plane disposed adjacent to the first lens, the object plane selected from the group comprising a liquid crystal display, organic light emitting diode array and/or light emitting diode array. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein a test figures are presented to the optical system, with the test figures rotated and presented in descending sizes. 12. The system of claim 1 wherein color vision test figures are disposed within the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. 13. The system of claim 1 wherein contrast sensitivity figures are disposed within the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. 14. The system of claim 1 wherein a fixation point is disposed upon an Amsler Grid to measure the field of view of an optical system. 15. The system of claim 1 wherein the lens system comports to a field of view test, the test selected from the group comprising: confrontational visual filed testing, static automated perimetry and kinetic perimetry. 16. The system of claim 1 wherein different images are disposed within the optical plane of the first lens tube and second lens tube to test the depth perception of an optical system. 17. The system of claim 1 presenting a plurality of symbols to the optical plane of the first and second lens tubes with each symbol flickering at a different frequency. 18. A method of presenting visual images to an optical system, the method comprising the steps of:
a) using a housing (200); the housing containing a pair of lens tubes (25) b) disposing each lens tube to be in visual communication with a second lens (360); c) disposing a first lens (320) to be in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens comprising a front surface and the first lens comprising a back surface; d) disposing a front cover (260) configured to accommodate a screen (405) of an electronic device such that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; e) disposing the lenses of the first lens tube to produce a horizontal angular disparity in an image presented to the optical system as compared to the image presented by the lenses of the second lens tube. | A system for replicating a standardized visual acuity test, such as the 20′ Snellen test may comprise a binocular viewer attached to a smartphone. A binocular viewer may comprise a housing comprising a pair tube covers having voids allowing for viewing through a pair of lens tubes with each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens a first lens an aperture and a front cover. The optical systems use an artful combination of front and back lens surfaces, demagnification and other systems to faithfully replicate the sight lines perceived by a user of a traditional 20′ test. The system also allows for the incorporation of other tests conducted with both eyes including Color Sensitivity and Contrast, furthermore by placing a deformable, tunable lens between the second lens and the eye the device serves as an ophthalmic refractometer, allowing a Spherical Equivalent refraction estimate for each eye.1. A system for presenting visual images to an optical system, the system comprising:
a) a housing (200); b) the housing containing a pair of lens tubes (250) c) each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens (360); d) a first lens (320) in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens comprising a front surface and the first lens comprising a back surface e) a front cover (260) configured to accommodate a screen (405) of an electronic device such that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane the front surface of the first lens; f) the lenses of the first lens tube configured to produce a horizontal angular disparity in an image presented to the optical system as compared to the image presented by the lenses of the second lens tube. 2. A system for presenting visual images to an optical system, the system comprising:
a) a housing (200); b) the housing containing a pair of lens tubes (250); c) each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens, the second lens comprising a variable lens system to allow for refraction correction; the second lens disposed adjacent to the optical system; d) a first lens in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens comprising a front surface and the first lens comprising a back surface; and e) a front cover (260) configured to accommodate a screen (405) of an electronic device such that the screen of the electronic device is in the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the second lens comprises a liquid lens. 4. The system of claim 2 wherein the second lens is a zoom lens comporting a Stokes equation for controlling cylinder and axis adjustments. 5. The system of claim 2 wherein the second lens is an elastic deformable lens. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein a field of view adjustment lens is disposed between the first lens and the screen of the electronic device. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein a field of view adjustment lens is disposed between the second lens and the optical system. 8. The system of claim 6 used to test the field of view for an optical system. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the screen comprises a liquid crystal display built in to the front cover. 10. The system of claim 1 having an object plane disposed adjacent to the first lens, the object plane selected from the group comprising a liquid crystal display, organic light emitting diode array and/or light emitting diode array. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein a test figures are presented to the optical system, with the test figures rotated and presented in descending sizes. 12. The system of claim 1 wherein color vision test figures are disposed within the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. 13. The system of claim 1 wherein contrast sensitivity figures are disposed within the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. 14. The system of claim 1 wherein a fixation point is disposed upon an Amsler Grid to measure the field of view of an optical system. 15. The system of claim 1 wherein the lens system comports to a field of view test, the test selected from the group comprising: confrontational visual filed testing, static automated perimetry and kinetic perimetry. 16. The system of claim 1 wherein different images are disposed within the optical plane of the first lens tube and second lens tube to test the depth perception of an optical system. 17. The system of claim 1 presenting a plurality of symbols to the optical plane of the first and second lens tubes with each symbol flickering at a different frequency. 18. A method of presenting visual images to an optical system, the method comprising the steps of:
a) using a housing (200); the housing containing a pair of lens tubes (25) b) disposing each lens tube to be in visual communication with a second lens (360); c) disposing a first lens (320) to be in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens comprising a front surface and the first lens comprising a back surface; d) disposing a front cover (260) configured to accommodate a screen (405) of an electronic device such that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; e) disposing the lenses of the first lens tube to produce a horizontal angular disparity in an image presented to the optical system as compared to the image presented by the lenses of the second lens tube. | 2,800 |
343,953 | 16,803,413 | 2,872 | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor. | 1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
opening a third valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by an accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
compressing, by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
closing the second valve;
opening the third valve; and
directing, by the third valve, primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first and third valves;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the second compressor, the oil in the vessel to an oil reservoir. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising a directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing, a fourth valve and a fifth valve; opening a sixth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor.1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
opening a third valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by an accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
compressing, by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
closing the second valve;
opening the third valve; and
directing, by the third valve, primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first and third valves;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the second compressor, the oil in the vessel to an oil reservoir. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising a directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing, a fourth valve and a fifth valve; opening a sixth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | 2,800 |
343,954 | 16,803,405 | 2,872 | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor. | 1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
opening a third valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by an accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
compressing, by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
closing the second valve;
opening the third valve; and
directing, by the third valve, primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first and third valves;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the second compressor, the oil in the vessel to an oil reservoir. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising a directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing, a fourth valve and a fifth valve; opening a sixth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | A cooling system drains oil from low side heat exchangers to vessels and then uses compressed refrigerant to push the oil in the vessels back towards a compressor. Generally, the cooling system operates in three different modes of operation: a normal mode, an oil drain mode, and an oil return mode. During the normal mode, a primary refrigerant is cycled to cool one or more secondary refrigerants. As the primary refrigerant is cycled, oil from a compressor may mix with the primary refrigerant and become stuck in a low side heat exchanger. During the oil drain mode, the oil in the low side heat exchanger is allowed to drain into a vessel. During the oil return mode, compressed refrigerant is directed to the vessel to push the oil in the vessel back towards a compressor.1. A system comprising:
a flash tank configured to store a primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 8. A method comprising:
storing, by a flash tank, a primary refrigerant; during a first mode of operation:
closing a first valve and a second valve;
opening a third valve;
using, by a first low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
receiving, by an accumulator, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
compressing, by a first compressor, primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
compressing, by a second compressor, primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
opening the first valve;
directing, by the first valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
closing the second valve;
opening the third valve; and
directing, by the third valve, primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
closing the first and third valves;
opening the second valve;
directing, by the second valve, primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel; and
pushing, by the primary refrigerant from the second compressor, the oil in the vessel to an oil reservoir. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a first sensor, a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; detecting, by a second sensor, a temperature of the secondary refrigerant; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising a directing, by a check valve, primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
closing, a fourth valve and a fifth valve; opening a sixth valve; using, by a second low side heat exchanger, primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and receiving, by the accumulator, primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting, by a sensor, a level of the oil; and transitioning from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a coil. 15. A system comprising:
a high side heat exchanger configured to remove heat from a primary refrigerant; a flash tank configured to store the primary refrigerant; a first low side heat exchanger; an accumulator; a first compressor; a second compressor; an oil reservoir; a first valve; a second valve; and a third valve, during a first mode of operation:
the first and second valves are closed;
the third valve is open;
the first low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a secondary refrigerant;
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger;
the first compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the accumulator; and
the second compressor compresses primary refrigerant from the first compressor,
during a second mode of operation:
the first valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger and an oil from the first low side heat exchanger to a vessel;
the second valve is closed; and
the third valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the vessel to the accumulator,
during a third mode of operation:
the first and third valves are closed; and
the second valve is open and directs primary refrigerant from the second compressor to the vessel, the primary refrigerant from the second compressor pushes the oil in the vessel to the oil reservoir. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a temperature of the primary refrigerant in the first low side heat exchanger; and a second sensor configured to detect a temperature of the secondary refrigerant, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when a difference between the temperature detected by the first sensor and the temperature detected by the second sensor exceeds a threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a check valve that directs primary refrigerant from the first low side heat exchanger to the accumulator when a pressure of the primary refrigerant exceeds a threshold. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a second low side heat exchanger; a fourth valve; a fifth valve; and a sixth valve, during the first, second, and third modes of operation:
the fourth and fifth valves are closed;
the sixth valve is open;
the second low side heat exchanger uses primary refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a tertiary refrigerant; and
the accumulator receives primary refrigerant from the second low side heat exchanger. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the oil reservoir comprises a vent that directs primary refrigerant in the oil reservoir to the flash tank. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a level of the oil, the system transitions from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation when the detected level falls below a threshold. | 2,800 |
343,955 | 16,803,378 | 2,872 | The invention relates to a foil-based package having at least one foil substrate having an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon, at least one electronic device having a device terminal pad having at least one device terminal pad, and a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side. The foil substrate includes a first foil portion and a second foil portion, the first foil portion extending along a first foil plane and the second foil portion extending along a second foil plane parallel to the first foil plane, the first foil plane and the second foil plane being offset relative to each other so that the foil substrate forms a recess within which the at least one electronic device is arranged. | 1. A foil-based package comprising:
at least one foil substrate comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon, at least one electronic device comprising a device terminal side comprising at least one device terminal pad, wherein the electronic device is mounted on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal side of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side, for electrically contacting the package, wherein at least one package terminal pad is in contact with the electrically conductive layer so that the result is a signal path between the at least one package terminal pad and the electrically conductive layer and the at least one device terminal pad and so that the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the at least one package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion where the at least one package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion where the electronic device is arranged, wherein the first foil portion extends along a first foil plane and wherein the second foil portion extends along a second foil plane parallel to the first foil plane, wherein the first foil plane and the second foil plane are offset relative to each other so that the foil substrate forms a recess within which the at least one electronic device is arranged, and a casting compound arranged between the first foil portion and the second foil portion, which encloses the plurality of package terminal pads at least in portions and covers the at least one electronic device and divides same from the environment. 2. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the foil substrate comprises a foil layer thickness DF of less than 130 μm, and/or wherein the first electrically conductive layer comprises a layer thickness DL of less than 20 μm, and/or wherein the electronic device comprises an element thickness DC of less than 60 μm, and/or wherein the foil-based package comprises an overall thickness DP of less than 300 μm. 3. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first foil portion and the second foil portion of the foil substrate and a connective portion of the foil substrate, connecting the first and second foil portions, comprise an essentially constant layer thickness, or wherein the first foil portion and the second foil portion each comprise different layer thicknesses. 4. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the recess, when viewed from the electronic device, extends in a direction towards the foil substrate so that the result is a three-dimensional indentation on that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device, the electronic device being arranged in said indentation. 5. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a device surface arranged opposite the device terminal side, wherein the device surface is arranged at or below a level defined by a package terminal-side contact area of the at least one package terminal pad. 6. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one package terminal pad comprises a terminal area facing away from the foil substrate, and wherein the casting compound is configured to compensate a difference in height ΔH between the terminal area of the at least one package terminal pad arranged in the first foil portion and the electronic device arranged in the second foil portion. 7. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 6, wherein the casting compound is flush with the terminal area of the at least one package terminal pad or is flush with a respective plurality of terminal areas of the plurality of package terminal pads. 8. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein a barrier coating for protection against humidity or against electromagnetic radiation is arranged on a side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device. 9. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein a material layer is arranged on that side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, the material layer comprising a first side facing that side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, and the material layer comprising a second side facing away from that side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, and the second side of the material layer comprising a planar surface. 10. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package comprising an opening extending completely through the foil substrate to the electronic device so that the electronic device can be brought into contact with an environment through this opening, at least in portions. 11. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 10, wherein the electronic device comprises a sensor portion configured to provide a sensor functionality based on contacting to a medium present in the environment, wherein the opening exposes at least the sensor portion so that the sensor portion can be brought into contact with the medium present in the environment through this opening. 12. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 10, wherein the opening is arranged on a side of the foil-based package opposite the package terminal side. 13. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 10, wherein a material layer is arranged at lateral side walls of the opening extending through the foil substrate. 14. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package being flexible so that the foil-based package is bendable with no destruction caused, and in particular with no damage to the electronic device, wherein a bending radius RB is greater than a thickness DP of the foil-based package by at least 100 times. 15. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package being implemented as a Quad Flat No Leads—QFN—package or as a Surface Mount Device—SMD—package. 16. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of package terminal pads is spaced apart laterally from the electronic device, and wherein the individual package terminal pads from the plurality of package terminal pads are arranged in the sense of a dual-in-line configuration along precisely two rows, wherein the precisely two rows are arranged along two opposite sides of the electronic device laterally encircling the electronic device. 17. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, the method comprising:
providing a foil substrate and arranging an electrically conductive layer on a first side of the foil substrate, providing an electronic device comprising a device terminal side comprising at least one device terminal pad, mounting the electronic device on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal pad of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, contacting the electrically conductive layer by at least one package terminal pad from a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side, for electrically contacting the package, so that the result is a signal path between the at least one package terminal pad and the electrically conductive layer and the at least one device terminal pad and so that the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the at least one package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion which extends along a first foil plane and where the at least one package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion which extends along a second foil plane parallel to the first foil plane and where the electronic device is located, introducing a permanent deformation into the foil substrate so that the first foil portion and the second foil portion are offset relative to each other and form a recess within which the at least one electronic device is arranged, and applying a casting compound between the first foil portion and the second foil portion so that the casting compound encloses the plurality of package terminal pads and covers the at least one electronic device and divides same from the environment. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17, the method being implemented as a roll-to-roll method. | The invention relates to a foil-based package having at least one foil substrate having an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon, at least one electronic device having a device terminal pad having at least one device terminal pad, and a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side. The foil substrate includes a first foil portion and a second foil portion, the first foil portion extending along a first foil plane and the second foil portion extending along a second foil plane parallel to the first foil plane, the first foil plane and the second foil plane being offset relative to each other so that the foil substrate forms a recess within which the at least one electronic device is arranged.1. A foil-based package comprising:
at least one foil substrate comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon, at least one electronic device comprising a device terminal side comprising at least one device terminal pad, wherein the electronic device is mounted on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal side of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side, for electrically contacting the package, wherein at least one package terminal pad is in contact with the electrically conductive layer so that the result is a signal path between the at least one package terminal pad and the electrically conductive layer and the at least one device terminal pad and so that the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the at least one package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion where the at least one package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion where the electronic device is arranged, wherein the first foil portion extends along a first foil plane and wherein the second foil portion extends along a second foil plane parallel to the first foil plane, wherein the first foil plane and the second foil plane are offset relative to each other so that the foil substrate forms a recess within which the at least one electronic device is arranged, and a casting compound arranged between the first foil portion and the second foil portion, which encloses the plurality of package terminal pads at least in portions and covers the at least one electronic device and divides same from the environment. 2. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the foil substrate comprises a foil layer thickness DF of less than 130 μm, and/or wherein the first electrically conductive layer comprises a layer thickness DL of less than 20 μm, and/or wherein the electronic device comprises an element thickness DC of less than 60 μm, and/or wherein the foil-based package comprises an overall thickness DP of less than 300 μm. 3. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first foil portion and the second foil portion of the foil substrate and a connective portion of the foil substrate, connecting the first and second foil portions, comprise an essentially constant layer thickness, or wherein the first foil portion and the second foil portion each comprise different layer thicknesses. 4. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the recess, when viewed from the electronic device, extends in a direction towards the foil substrate so that the result is a three-dimensional indentation on that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device, the electronic device being arranged in said indentation. 5. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a device surface arranged opposite the device terminal side, wherein the device surface is arranged at or below a level defined by a package terminal-side contact area of the at least one package terminal pad. 6. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one package terminal pad comprises a terminal area facing away from the foil substrate, and wherein the casting compound is configured to compensate a difference in height ΔH between the terminal area of the at least one package terminal pad arranged in the first foil portion and the electronic device arranged in the second foil portion. 7. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 6, wherein the casting compound is flush with the terminal area of the at least one package terminal pad or is flush with a respective plurality of terminal areas of the plurality of package terminal pads. 8. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein a barrier coating for protection against humidity or against electromagnetic radiation is arranged on a side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device. 9. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein a material layer is arranged on that side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, the material layer comprising a first side facing that side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, and the material layer comprising a second side facing away from that side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, and the second side of the material layer comprising a planar surface. 10. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package comprising an opening extending completely through the foil substrate to the electronic device so that the electronic device can be brought into contact with an environment through this opening, at least in portions. 11. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 10, wherein the electronic device comprises a sensor portion configured to provide a sensor functionality based on contacting to a medium present in the environment, wherein the opening exposes at least the sensor portion so that the sensor portion can be brought into contact with the medium present in the environment through this opening. 12. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 10, wherein the opening is arranged on a side of the foil-based package opposite the package terminal side. 13. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 10, wherein a material layer is arranged at lateral side walls of the opening extending through the foil substrate. 14. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package being flexible so that the foil-based package is bendable with no destruction caused, and in particular with no damage to the electronic device, wherein a bending radius RB is greater than a thickness DP of the foil-based package by at least 100 times. 15. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package being implemented as a Quad Flat No Leads—QFN—package or as a Surface Mount Device—SMD—package. 16. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the plurality of package terminal pads is spaced apart laterally from the electronic device, and wherein the individual package terminal pads from the plurality of package terminal pads are arranged in the sense of a dual-in-line configuration along precisely two rows, wherein the precisely two rows are arranged along two opposite sides of the electronic device laterally encircling the electronic device. 17. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, the method comprising:
providing a foil substrate and arranging an electrically conductive layer on a first side of the foil substrate, providing an electronic device comprising a device terminal side comprising at least one device terminal pad, mounting the electronic device on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal pad of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, contacting the electrically conductive layer by at least one package terminal pad from a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side, for electrically contacting the package, so that the result is a signal path between the at least one package terminal pad and the electrically conductive layer and the at least one device terminal pad and so that the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the at least one package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion which extends along a first foil plane and where the at least one package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion which extends along a second foil plane parallel to the first foil plane and where the electronic device is located, introducing a permanent deformation into the foil substrate so that the first foil portion and the second foil portion are offset relative to each other and form a recess within which the at least one electronic device is arranged, and applying a casting compound between the first foil portion and the second foil portion so that the casting compound encloses the plurality of package terminal pads and covers the at least one electronic device and divides same from the environment. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17, the method being implemented as a roll-to-roll method. | 2,800 |
343,956 | 16,803,387 | 2,872 | A system that varies the terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a loan; a data collection circuit structured to interpret entity information corresponding to a plurality of entities related to a lending transaction corresponding to the loan; a smart contract circuit structured to specify loan terms and conditions relating to the loan; and a loan management circuit structured to interpret loan related events in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related events are associated with the loan; and implement loan related activities in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related activities are associated with the loan. | 1. A system, comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a loan; a data collection circuit structured to interpret entity information corresponding to a plurality of entities related to a lending transaction corresponding to the loan; a smart contract circuit structured to specify loan terms and conditions relating to the loan; and a loan management circuit structured to:
interpret loan related events in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related events are associated with the loan; and
implement loan related activities in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related activities are associated with the loan;
wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, the smart contract circuit, and the loan management circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of entities each comprises at least one entity selected from the entities consisting of: a lender, a borrower, a guarantor, equipment related to the loan, goods related to the loan, a system related to the loan, a fixture related to the loan, a building, a storage facility, and an item of collateral. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of entities comprises an item of collateral, and wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to interpret a condition of the item of collateral. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit further comprises at least one system selected from the systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an internet monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the loan related events each comprise at least one event selected from the events consisting of: a loan request, a loan offer, a loan acceptance, a provision of underwriting information for a loan, a provision of a credit report, a deferral of a payment, a requested deferral of a payment, an identification of collateral, a validation of title for collateral, a validation of title for a security, an inspection of property, a change in condition for at least one of the plurality of entities, a change in value of an entity, a change in value for collateral, a change in value for a security, a change in a job status of at least one of the plurality of parties, a change in a financial rating of a lender, a provision of insurance for the loan, a provision of evidence of insurance for a property, a provision of eligibility for a loan, an identification of security for the loan, an execution of underwriting the loan, a payment of the loan, a default of the loan, a calling of the loan, a closing of the loan, a change in the specified loan terms and conditions, an initial specification of the loan terms and conditions, and a foreclosure of a property subject to the loan. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the loan terms and conditions each comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of: a principal amount of the loan, a balance of the loan, a fixed interest rate, a variable interest rate description, a payment amount, a payment schedule, a balloon payment schedule, a collateral specification, a collateral substitution description, a description of at least one of the plurality of parties, a guarantee description, a guarantor description, a security description, a personal guarantee, a lien, a foreclosure condition, a default condition, a consequence of default, a covenant related to any one of the foregoing, and a duration of any one of the foregoing. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of parties comprises at least one party selected from the parties consisting of: a primary lender, a secondary lender, a lending syndicate, a corporate lender, a government lender, a bank lender, a secured lender, bond issuer, a bond purchaser, an unsecured lender, a guarantor, a provider of security, a borrower, a debtor, an underwriter, an inspector, an assessor, an auditor, a valuation professional, a government official, a government agency, and an accountant. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein loan related activities each comprise at least one activity selected from the activities consisting of: finding at least one of the plurality of parties interested in participating in a loan transaction, an application for the loan, underwriting the loan, forming a legal contract for the loan, monitoring performance of the loan, making payments on the loan, restructuring or amending the loan, settling the loan, monitoring collateral for the loan, forming a syndicate for the loan, foreclosing on the loan, and closing a loan transaction. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to perform a contract related loan action in response to the entity information. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to interpret an event relevant to the loan, and to perform an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the loan. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein each corresponding API component further comprises at least one user interface structured to interact with a plurality of users of the system. 12. A method, comprising:
interpreting a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a loan from a distributed ledger; interpreting entity information corresponding to a plurality of entities related to a lending transaction corresponding to the loan; specifying loan terms and conditions relating to the loan; and interpreting loan related events in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related events are associated with the loan. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of entities comprises an item of collateral, the method further comprising interpreting a condition of the item of collateral. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising performing a contract related loan action in response to the entity information. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein performing the contract related loan action comprises at least one action selected from the actions consisting of: offering the loan, accepting the loan, underwriting the loan, setting an interest rate for the loan, deferring a payment requirement for the loan, modifying an interest rate for the loan, validating title for collateral of the loan, recording a change in title, assessing a value of collateral, initiating inspection of collateral, calling the loan, closing the loan, modifying the loan terms and conditions, providing a notice to one of the plurality of parties, providing a required notice to a borrower of the loan, and foreclosing on a property subject to the loan. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising interpreting an event relevant to the loan, and performing an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the loan. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the action related to the loan comprises at least one of: modifying the loan terms and conditions, providing a notice to one of the plurality of parties, providing a required notice to a borrower of the loan, and foreclosing on a property subject to the loan. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a user interface to a user, wherein the user comprises at least one of: one of the plurality of parties, one of the plurality of entities, a prospective party, or a prospective entity. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the user interface is further responsive to the plurality of access control features. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising creating a smart lending contract for the loan. | A system that varies the terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a loan; a data collection circuit structured to interpret entity information corresponding to a plurality of entities related to a lending transaction corresponding to the loan; a smart contract circuit structured to specify loan terms and conditions relating to the loan; and a loan management circuit structured to interpret loan related events in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related events are associated with the loan; and implement loan related activities in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related activities are associated with the loan.1. A system, comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a loan; a data collection circuit structured to interpret entity information corresponding to a plurality of entities related to a lending transaction corresponding to the loan; a smart contract circuit structured to specify loan terms and conditions relating to the loan; and a loan management circuit structured to:
interpret loan related events in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related events are associated with the loan; and
implement loan related activities in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related activities are associated with the loan;
wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, the smart contract circuit, and the loan management circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of entities each comprises at least one entity selected from the entities consisting of: a lender, a borrower, a guarantor, equipment related to the loan, goods related to the loan, a system related to the loan, a fixture related to the loan, a building, a storage facility, and an item of collateral. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of entities comprises an item of collateral, and wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to interpret a condition of the item of collateral. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit further comprises at least one system selected from the systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an internet monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the loan related events each comprise at least one event selected from the events consisting of: a loan request, a loan offer, a loan acceptance, a provision of underwriting information for a loan, a provision of a credit report, a deferral of a payment, a requested deferral of a payment, an identification of collateral, a validation of title for collateral, a validation of title for a security, an inspection of property, a change in condition for at least one of the plurality of entities, a change in value of an entity, a change in value for collateral, a change in value for a security, a change in a job status of at least one of the plurality of parties, a change in a financial rating of a lender, a provision of insurance for the loan, a provision of evidence of insurance for a property, a provision of eligibility for a loan, an identification of security for the loan, an execution of underwriting the loan, a payment of the loan, a default of the loan, a calling of the loan, a closing of the loan, a change in the specified loan terms and conditions, an initial specification of the loan terms and conditions, and a foreclosure of a property subject to the loan. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the loan terms and conditions each comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of: a principal amount of the loan, a balance of the loan, a fixed interest rate, a variable interest rate description, a payment amount, a payment schedule, a balloon payment schedule, a collateral specification, a collateral substitution description, a description of at least one of the plurality of parties, a guarantee description, a guarantor description, a security description, a personal guarantee, a lien, a foreclosure condition, a default condition, a consequence of default, a covenant related to any one of the foregoing, and a duration of any one of the foregoing. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of parties comprises at least one party selected from the parties consisting of: a primary lender, a secondary lender, a lending syndicate, a corporate lender, a government lender, a bank lender, a secured lender, bond issuer, a bond purchaser, an unsecured lender, a guarantor, a provider of security, a borrower, a debtor, an underwriter, an inspector, an assessor, an auditor, a valuation professional, a government official, a government agency, and an accountant. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein loan related activities each comprise at least one activity selected from the activities consisting of: finding at least one of the plurality of parties interested in participating in a loan transaction, an application for the loan, underwriting the loan, forming a legal contract for the loan, monitoring performance of the loan, making payments on the loan, restructuring or amending the loan, settling the loan, monitoring collateral for the loan, forming a syndicate for the loan, foreclosing on the loan, and closing a loan transaction. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to perform a contract related loan action in response to the entity information. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to interpret an event relevant to the loan, and to perform an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the loan. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein each corresponding API component further comprises at least one user interface structured to interact with a plurality of users of the system. 12. A method, comprising:
interpreting a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a loan from a distributed ledger; interpreting entity information corresponding to a plurality of entities related to a lending transaction corresponding to the loan; specifying loan terms and conditions relating to the loan; and interpreting loan related events in response to the entity information, the plurality of access control features, and the loan terms and conditions, wherein the loan related events are associated with the loan. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of entities comprises an item of collateral, the method further comprising interpreting a condition of the item of collateral. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising performing a contract related loan action in response to the entity information. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein performing the contract related loan action comprises at least one action selected from the actions consisting of: offering the loan, accepting the loan, underwriting the loan, setting an interest rate for the loan, deferring a payment requirement for the loan, modifying an interest rate for the loan, validating title for collateral of the loan, recording a change in title, assessing a value of collateral, initiating inspection of collateral, calling the loan, closing the loan, modifying the loan terms and conditions, providing a notice to one of the plurality of parties, providing a required notice to a borrower of the loan, and foreclosing on a property subject to the loan. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising interpreting an event relevant to the loan, and performing an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the loan. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the action related to the loan comprises at least one of: modifying the loan terms and conditions, providing a notice to one of the plurality of parties, providing a required notice to a borrower of the loan, and foreclosing on a property subject to the loan. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a user interface to a user, wherein the user comprises at least one of: one of the plurality of parties, one of the plurality of entities, a prospective party, or a prospective entity. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the user interface is further responsive to the plurality of access control features. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising creating a smart lending contract for the loan. | 2,800 |
343,957 | 16,803,404 | 2,872 | A method includes periodically sending an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node at a first regular time interval, the AMR beacon containing a register identification (ID) and a reading detected by the node, and periodically listening, at the node, for a hail message such that instances of listening occur at a second regular time interval smaller than the first regular time interval. The node can also be configured to receive a mobile command from a mobile transceiver, as well as a Network System Status Request and a parent assignment command from a stationary transceiver. | 1. A method, comprising the steps of:
periodically sending an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node at a first regular time interval, the AMR beacon containing a register identification (ID) and a reading detected by the node; and periodically listening, at the node, for a hail message such that instances of listening occur at a second regular time interval smaller than the first regular time interval. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving at the node a Network System Status Request (NSSR) from a stationary transceiver; and sending an ID communication from the node in response to the NSSR, the ID communication containing a node ID and the register ID. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a parent assignment command, the parent assignment command causing the node to transition to an Advanced Metering Infrastructure mode. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of, responsive to receipt of the parent assignment command, halting the step of periodically sending an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node. 5. A node, comprising:
a processor; and logic processed by the processor to
periodically send an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node at a first regular time interval, the AMR beacon containing a register identification (ID) and a reading detected by the node; and
periodically listen for a hail message such that instances of listening occur at a second regular time interval smaller than the first regular time interval. 6. The node of claim 5, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to perform a channel activity detection (CAD) to determine whether a channel on which the hail message is transmitted contains radio frequency (RF) energy that matches a preamble transmission profile of the node. 7. The node of claim 6, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to
reach a determination that the CAD was unsuccessful; and responsive to the determination that the CAD was unsuccessful, resume the step of periodically sending an AMR beacon from the node and repeat the step of periodically listening, at the node, for a hail message. 8. The node of claim 6,
wherein the channel on which the hail message is transmitted is a non-Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (non-FHSS) channel; wherein the hail message identifies a Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) channel to which the node should hop following a successful CAD; and wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to, responsive to a successful CAD, hop to the FHSS channel identified in the hail message. 9. The node of claim 8, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to determine whether stable two-way FHSS communication with a hailing device has begun. 10. The node of claim 9, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to:
responsive to a determination that stable two-way FHSS communication with the hailing device has not begun, resume periodically sending an AMR beacon from the node and again periodically listen for a hail message; and responsive to a determination that stable two-way FHSS communication with the hailing device has begun, receive a mobile command at the node. 11. The node of claim 10, wherein the node is further processed by the processor to:
receive a parent assignment command; and transition to an Advanced Metering Infrastructure mode in response to receipt of the parent assignment command. | A method includes periodically sending an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node at a first regular time interval, the AMR beacon containing a register identification (ID) and a reading detected by the node, and periodically listening, at the node, for a hail message such that instances of listening occur at a second regular time interval smaller than the first regular time interval. The node can also be configured to receive a mobile command from a mobile transceiver, as well as a Network System Status Request and a parent assignment command from a stationary transceiver.1. A method, comprising the steps of:
periodically sending an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node at a first regular time interval, the AMR beacon containing a register identification (ID) and a reading detected by the node; and periodically listening, at the node, for a hail message such that instances of listening occur at a second regular time interval smaller than the first regular time interval. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving at the node a Network System Status Request (NSSR) from a stationary transceiver; and sending an ID communication from the node in response to the NSSR, the ID communication containing a node ID and the register ID. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a parent assignment command, the parent assignment command causing the node to transition to an Advanced Metering Infrastructure mode. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of, responsive to receipt of the parent assignment command, halting the step of periodically sending an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node. 5. A node, comprising:
a processor; and logic processed by the processor to
periodically send an Advanced Meter Reading (AMR) beacon from a node at a first regular time interval, the AMR beacon containing a register identification (ID) and a reading detected by the node; and
periodically listen for a hail message such that instances of listening occur at a second regular time interval smaller than the first regular time interval. 6. The node of claim 5, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to perform a channel activity detection (CAD) to determine whether a channel on which the hail message is transmitted contains radio frequency (RF) energy that matches a preamble transmission profile of the node. 7. The node of claim 6, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to
reach a determination that the CAD was unsuccessful; and responsive to the determination that the CAD was unsuccessful, resume the step of periodically sending an AMR beacon from the node and repeat the step of periodically listening, at the node, for a hail message. 8. The node of claim 6,
wherein the channel on which the hail message is transmitted is a non-Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (non-FHSS) channel; wherein the hail message identifies a Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) channel to which the node should hop following a successful CAD; and wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to, responsive to a successful CAD, hop to the FHSS channel identified in the hail message. 9. The node of claim 8, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to determine whether stable two-way FHSS communication with a hailing device has begun. 10. The node of claim 9, wherein the logic is further processed by the processor to:
responsive to a determination that stable two-way FHSS communication with the hailing device has not begun, resume periodically sending an AMR beacon from the node and again periodically listen for a hail message; and responsive to a determination that stable two-way FHSS communication with the hailing device has begun, receive a mobile command at the node. 11. The node of claim 10, wherein the node is further processed by the processor to:
receive a parent assignment command; and transition to an Advanced Metering Infrastructure mode in response to receipt of the parent assignment command. | 2,800 |
343,958 | 16,803,406 | 2,872 | The present description relates to glycoconjugates, glycoconjugate immunogens and glycoconjugate vaccines comprising carbohydrate antigens coupled to immunogenic carrier proteins, or materials used for detection and screening of resulting antibodies. Improved methods of more directly and precisely conjugating carbohydrate antigens to free thiol groups of immunogenic carrier proteins are described, including “click-chemistry” approaches based on photocatalytic thiol-ene reactions. | 1-71. (canceled) 72. A synthetic glycoconjugate comprising a carbohydrate antigen coupled to a carrier material via a linker, the carbohydrate antigen being an unprotected carbohydrate antigen that is water-soluble, wherein:
(a) the synthetic glycoconjugate has the structure: 73. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72 having the structure as defined in (e), wherein the linker has the structure: 74. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72 having the structure as defined in (e), wherein the linker has the structure: 75. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is or comprises a viral saccharide antigen, a tumor associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), or a bacterial capsular polysaccharide (CPS). 76. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises Tn antigen, Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a sialylated analog of Tn or TF, or any combination thereof. 77. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 76, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises: S-Tn, (2,3)-S-TF, (2,6)-S-TF, or any combination thereof. 78. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises: Globo H, GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, N-glycolyl-GM3, Lea, sLea, Lex, sLex, or any combination thereof. 79. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises a Pneumococcal and/or Streptococcal polysaccharide serotype, meningococcal CPS, or influenza CPS saccharide antigen. 80. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carrier material is or comprises a polymer, a polypeptide, a carrier protein, a solid support, a particle, or any other material having at least one or more a free thiol group suitable for conjugation to the carbohydrate antigen via a photocatalytic thiol-ene reaction. 81. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the conjugate material is coupled to at least two of the same carbohydrate antigen or to more than one type of carbohydrate antigen, thereby producing a multi-valent synthetic glycoconjugate. 82. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the conjugate material is a carrier protein that is immunogenic when administered to a subject, and wherein conjugation of the carbohydrate antigen to the carrier protein increases the immunogenicity of the carbohydrate antigen upon administration to the subject, as compared to administration of the unconjugated carbohydrate antigen. 83. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein is not denatured or retains its native conformation, antigenicity, and/or structure when conjugated to the carbohydrate antigen. 84. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is not cleavable from the carrier protein by an endogenous enzyme of the subject. 85. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carbohydrate antigen comprises a B cell epitope, and/or induces a humoral immune response in the subject; and/or comprises T cell epitope, and/or induces a cell-mediated immune response in the subject. 86. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein comprises a human T cell epitope, and/or induces a cell-mediated immune response in the subject. 87. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein is an immunogenic peptide. 88. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein is, is from, or comprises: Tetanus Toxoid (TT), Diphtheria Toxoid (DT), cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197), Meningococcal Outer Membrane Protein Complex (OMPC), H. Influenzae Protein D (HiD), a cytokine, Tetanus Toxin 831-844 (SEQ ID NO:01 or SEQ ID NO:02), an MHC-restricted peptide, albumin, or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 89. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is coupled to the carrier material by providing an unprotected carbohydrate antigen covalently linked via a linker to a terminal alkene (alkenyl carbohydrate antigen), the terminal alkene being directly conjugatable to a thiol group via a thiol-ene reaction; providing a carrier material having one or more free thiol groups; and performing a photocatalytic thiol-ene reaction to directly conjugate the unprotected carbohydrate antigen to the carrier material at the one or more free thiol groups, thereby producing the synthetic glycoconjugate. 90. An immunogenic composition comprising the synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82 formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or an adjuvant. 91. A method for detecting or screening a biological sample for the presence of an antibody against a carbohydrate antigen of interest, the method comprising: contacting a biological sample from a subject having or suspected of having the antibody with the synthetic glycoconjugate as defined in claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is the carbohydrate antigen of interest; and detecting the presence of antibody bound to the carbohydrate antigen. | The present description relates to glycoconjugates, glycoconjugate immunogens and glycoconjugate vaccines comprising carbohydrate antigens coupled to immunogenic carrier proteins, or materials used for detection and screening of resulting antibodies. Improved methods of more directly and precisely conjugating carbohydrate antigens to free thiol groups of immunogenic carrier proteins are described, including “click-chemistry” approaches based on photocatalytic thiol-ene reactions.1-71. (canceled) 72. A synthetic glycoconjugate comprising a carbohydrate antigen coupled to a carrier material via a linker, the carbohydrate antigen being an unprotected carbohydrate antigen that is water-soluble, wherein:
(a) the synthetic glycoconjugate has the structure: 73. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72 having the structure as defined in (e), wherein the linker has the structure: 74. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72 having the structure as defined in (e), wherein the linker has the structure: 75. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is or comprises a viral saccharide antigen, a tumor associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), or a bacterial capsular polysaccharide (CPS). 76. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises Tn antigen, Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a sialylated analog of Tn or TF, or any combination thereof. 77. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 76, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises: S-Tn, (2,3)-S-TF, (2,6)-S-TF, or any combination thereof. 78. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises: Globo H, GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, N-glycolyl-GM3, Lea, sLea, Lex, sLex, or any combination thereof. 79. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is, is from, or comprises a Pneumococcal and/or Streptococcal polysaccharide serotype, meningococcal CPS, or influenza CPS saccharide antigen. 80. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carrier material is or comprises a polymer, a polypeptide, a carrier protein, a solid support, a particle, or any other material having at least one or more a free thiol group suitable for conjugation to the carbohydrate antigen via a photocatalytic thiol-ene reaction. 81. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the conjugate material is coupled to at least two of the same carbohydrate antigen or to more than one type of carbohydrate antigen, thereby producing a multi-valent synthetic glycoconjugate. 82. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the conjugate material is a carrier protein that is immunogenic when administered to a subject, and wherein conjugation of the carbohydrate antigen to the carrier protein increases the immunogenicity of the carbohydrate antigen upon administration to the subject, as compared to administration of the unconjugated carbohydrate antigen. 83. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein is not denatured or retains its native conformation, antigenicity, and/or structure when conjugated to the carbohydrate antigen. 84. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is not cleavable from the carrier protein by an endogenous enzyme of the subject. 85. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carbohydrate antigen comprises a B cell epitope, and/or induces a humoral immune response in the subject; and/or comprises T cell epitope, and/or induces a cell-mediated immune response in the subject. 86. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein comprises a human T cell epitope, and/or induces a cell-mediated immune response in the subject. 87. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein is an immunogenic peptide. 88. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82, wherein the carrier protein is, is from, or comprises: Tetanus Toxoid (TT), Diphtheria Toxoid (DT), cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197), Meningococcal Outer Membrane Protein Complex (OMPC), H. Influenzae Protein D (HiD), a cytokine, Tetanus Toxin 831-844 (SEQ ID NO:01 or SEQ ID NO:02), an MHC-restricted peptide, albumin, or an immunogenic fragment thereof. 89. The synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is coupled to the carrier material by providing an unprotected carbohydrate antigen covalently linked via a linker to a terminal alkene (alkenyl carbohydrate antigen), the terminal alkene being directly conjugatable to a thiol group via a thiol-ene reaction; providing a carrier material having one or more free thiol groups; and performing a photocatalytic thiol-ene reaction to directly conjugate the unprotected carbohydrate antigen to the carrier material at the one or more free thiol groups, thereby producing the synthetic glycoconjugate. 90. An immunogenic composition comprising the synthetic glycoconjugate of claim 82 formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or an adjuvant. 91. A method for detecting or screening a biological sample for the presence of an antibody against a carbohydrate antigen of interest, the method comprising: contacting a biological sample from a subject having or suspected of having the antibody with the synthetic glycoconjugate as defined in claim 72, wherein the carbohydrate antigen is the carbohydrate antigen of interest; and detecting the presence of antibody bound to the carbohydrate antigen. | 2,800 |
343,959 | 16,803,386 | 2,872 | A method or system for controlling safety of both an ego vehicle and social objects in an environment of the ego vehicle, comprising: receiving data representative of at least one social object and determining a current state of the ego vehicle based on sensor data; predicting an ego safety value corresponding to the ego vehicle, for each possible behavior action in a set of possible behavior actions, based on the current state; predicting a social safety value corresponding to the at least one social object in the environment of the ego vehicle, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action; and selecting a next behavior action for the ego vehicle, based on the ego safety values, the social safety values, and one or more target objectives for the ego vehicle. | 1. A method for controlling safety of both an ego vehicle and at least one social object in an environment the ego vehicle is operating in, comprising:
receiving data representative of the at least one social object; determining a current state of the ego vehicle based on sensor data; predicting, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action in a set of possible behavior actions, an ego safety value corresponding to the ego vehicle; predicting, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action, a social safety value corresponding to of the at least one social object in the environment of the ego vehicle; and selecting, based on the ego safety values, the social safety values, and one or more target objectives for the ego vehicle, a next behavior action for the ego vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein, for each possible behavior action: the ego safety value indicates a probability that an obstacle will not be located in an ego safety zone of the ego vehicle if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter; and the social safety value indicates a probability, for the at least one social object, that the ego vehicle will not be located in a social safety zone of the social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the received data comprises data representative of a plurality of social objects, including the at least one social object, in the environment the ego vehicle, the method includes, for each possible behavior action, predicting a respective social safety value for each of the plurality of social objects, each social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of the respective social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein determining the current state comprises determining a velocity and direction of the ego vehicle, and a velocity, direction and position of each of the plurality of social objects. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein predicting the ego safety value for each possible behavior action is performed by a general value function (GVF) implemented by a trained neural network; and predicting the social safety value for each possible behavior action for each of the plurality of social objects is performed by a further GVF implemented by a trained neural network. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein a size of one or both of the ego safety zone and the social safety zone is based on the current state. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the ego safety zone comprises a physical space that includes and extends beyond the ego vehicle in a direction of travel of the ego vehicle, and the social safety zone for the at least one social object includes and extends beyond the social object in a direction of travel of the social object. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein, for each possible behavior action, the social safety value corresponds to a plurality of social objects in the environment of the ego vehicle, the social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of any of the social objects if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting the behavior action comprises:
performing fuzzification of the ego safety value and the social safety value predicted for each of the possible behavior actions by mapping each of the ego safety values and the social safety values to a respective truth value; applying fuzzy inference on the truth values to generate a goal fuzzy set; and defuzzifying the goal fuzzy set to select the behavior action for the ego vehicle. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising, for each behavior possible action, predicting, based on the current state, an ego comfort value corresponding to an acceleration of the ego vehicle, and selecting the behavior action is also based on the ego comfort values predicted for each possible behavior action. 11. An predictive safety control system comprising:
a state module configured to determine a current state based on sensor data; an ego safety predictor module configured to predict, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action in a set of possible behavior actions generated by an action module, an ego safety value corresponding to the ego vehicle; a social safety predictor module configured to predict, based on the current state, for each of the possible behavior actions, a social safety value corresponding to at least one social object in an environment of the ego vehicle; and a safety controller configured to select, based on the ego safety values, the social safety values predicted for each of the possible behavior actions, and one or more target objectives, a next behavior action for ego vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein, for each possible behavior action: the ego safety value indicates a probability that an obstacle will not be located in an ego safety zone of the ego vehicle if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle; and the social safety value indicates a probability, for the at least one social object, that the ego vehicle will not be located in a social safety zone of the at least one social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle. 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the social safety predictor is configured to predict, for each possible behavior action, a respective social safety value for each of a plurality of social objects in the environment of the ego vehicle, each social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of the respective social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle. 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the current state determined by the state module comprises velocity and direction of the ego vehicle, and a velocity, direction and position of each of the plurality of social objects. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the ego safety predictor module comprises a general value function (GVF) implemented by a trained neural network for predicting ego safety values; and the social safety predictor module comprises a further GVF implemented by a trained neural network for predicting the social safety values for each of the plurality of social objects. 16. The system of claim 12 wherein a size of one or both of the ego safety zone and the social safety zone is based on the current state. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein the ego safety zone comprises a physical space that includes and extends beyond the ego vehicle in a direction of travel of the ego vehicle, and the social safety zone for the at least one social object includes and extends beyond the at least one social object in a direction of travel of the social object. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein, for each possible behavior action, the social safety value corresponds to a plurality of social objects in the environment of the ego vehicle, the social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of any of the social objects if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle. 19. The system of claim 11 wherein the safety controller is configured to select the vehicle behavior action by: performing fuzzification of the ego safety value and the social safety value predicted for each of the possible behavior actions by mapping each of the ego safety values and the social safety values to a respective truth value; applying fuzzy inference on the truth values to produce a goal fuzzy set; and defuzzifying the goal fuzzy set to select the next behavior action for the ego vehicle. 20. The system of claim 11 further comprising a comfort prediction module configured to, for each possible behavior action, predict, based on the current state, an ego comfort value corresponding to an acceleration of the ego vehicle, and the safety controller selects the vehicle action also based on the ego comfort values predicted for each possible behavior action. | A method or system for controlling safety of both an ego vehicle and social objects in an environment of the ego vehicle, comprising: receiving data representative of at least one social object and determining a current state of the ego vehicle based on sensor data; predicting an ego safety value corresponding to the ego vehicle, for each possible behavior action in a set of possible behavior actions, based on the current state; predicting a social safety value corresponding to the at least one social object in the environment of the ego vehicle, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action; and selecting a next behavior action for the ego vehicle, based on the ego safety values, the social safety values, and one or more target objectives for the ego vehicle.1. A method for controlling safety of both an ego vehicle and at least one social object in an environment the ego vehicle is operating in, comprising:
receiving data representative of the at least one social object; determining a current state of the ego vehicle based on sensor data; predicting, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action in a set of possible behavior actions, an ego safety value corresponding to the ego vehicle; predicting, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action, a social safety value corresponding to of the at least one social object in the environment of the ego vehicle; and selecting, based on the ego safety values, the social safety values, and one or more target objectives for the ego vehicle, a next behavior action for the ego vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein, for each possible behavior action: the ego safety value indicates a probability that an obstacle will not be located in an ego safety zone of the ego vehicle if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter; and the social safety value indicates a probability, for the at least one social object, that the ego vehicle will not be located in a social safety zone of the social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the received data comprises data representative of a plurality of social objects, including the at least one social object, in the environment the ego vehicle, the method includes, for each possible behavior action, predicting a respective social safety value for each of the plurality of social objects, each social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of the respective social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein determining the current state comprises determining a velocity and direction of the ego vehicle, and a velocity, direction and position of each of the plurality of social objects. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein predicting the ego safety value for each possible behavior action is performed by a general value function (GVF) implemented by a trained neural network; and predicting the social safety value for each possible behavior action for each of the plurality of social objects is performed by a further GVF implemented by a trained neural network. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein a size of one or both of the ego safety zone and the social safety zone is based on the current state. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the ego safety zone comprises a physical space that includes and extends beyond the ego vehicle in a direction of travel of the ego vehicle, and the social safety zone for the at least one social object includes and extends beyond the social object in a direction of travel of the social object. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein, for each possible behavior action, the social safety value corresponds to a plurality of social objects in the environment of the ego vehicle, the social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of any of the social objects if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle and the target policy followed thereafter. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting the behavior action comprises:
performing fuzzification of the ego safety value and the social safety value predicted for each of the possible behavior actions by mapping each of the ego safety values and the social safety values to a respective truth value; applying fuzzy inference on the truth values to generate a goal fuzzy set; and defuzzifying the goal fuzzy set to select the behavior action for the ego vehicle. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising, for each behavior possible action, predicting, based on the current state, an ego comfort value corresponding to an acceleration of the ego vehicle, and selecting the behavior action is also based on the ego comfort values predicted for each possible behavior action. 11. An predictive safety control system comprising:
a state module configured to determine a current state based on sensor data; an ego safety predictor module configured to predict, based on the current state, for each possible behavior action in a set of possible behavior actions generated by an action module, an ego safety value corresponding to the ego vehicle; a social safety predictor module configured to predict, based on the current state, for each of the possible behavior actions, a social safety value corresponding to at least one social object in an environment of the ego vehicle; and a safety controller configured to select, based on the ego safety values, the social safety values predicted for each of the possible behavior actions, and one or more target objectives, a next behavior action for ego vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein, for each possible behavior action: the ego safety value indicates a probability that an obstacle will not be located in an ego safety zone of the ego vehicle if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle; and the social safety value indicates a probability, for the at least one social object, that the ego vehicle will not be located in a social safety zone of the at least one social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle. 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the social safety predictor is configured to predict, for each possible behavior action, a respective social safety value for each of a plurality of social objects in the environment of the ego vehicle, each social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of the respective social object if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle. 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the current state determined by the state module comprises velocity and direction of the ego vehicle, and a velocity, direction and position of each of the plurality of social objects. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the ego safety predictor module comprises a general value function (GVF) implemented by a trained neural network for predicting ego safety values; and the social safety predictor module comprises a further GVF implemented by a trained neural network for predicting the social safety values for each of the plurality of social objects. 16. The system of claim 12 wherein a size of one or both of the ego safety zone and the social safety zone is based on the current state. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein the ego safety zone comprises a physical space that includes and extends beyond the ego vehicle in a direction of travel of the ego vehicle, and the social safety zone for the at least one social object includes and extends beyond the at least one social object in a direction of travel of the social object. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein, for each possible behavior action, the social safety value corresponds to a plurality of social objects in the environment of the ego vehicle, the social safety value indicating a probability that the ego vehicle will not be located in a respective social safety zone of any of the social objects if the possible behavior action is performed by the ego vehicle. 19. The system of claim 11 wherein the safety controller is configured to select the vehicle behavior action by: performing fuzzification of the ego safety value and the social safety value predicted for each of the possible behavior actions by mapping each of the ego safety values and the social safety values to a respective truth value; applying fuzzy inference on the truth values to produce a goal fuzzy set; and defuzzifying the goal fuzzy set to select the next behavior action for the ego vehicle. 20. The system of claim 11 further comprising a comfort prediction module configured to, for each possible behavior action, predict, based on the current state, an ego comfort value corresponding to an acceleration of the ego vehicle, and the safety controller selects the vehicle action also based on the ego comfort values predicted for each possible behavior action. | 2,800 |
343,960 | 16,803,393 | 2,872 | The present disclosure relates to a membrane extraction apparatus for extracting a component from a first liquid. The apparatus may incorporate a housing comprised of first and second mating housing halves, with each housing half having an open faced channel formed therein such that the channels at least partially overlay one another when the two housing halves are secured together. A membrane filter is disposed between the two housing halves to overlay the open faced channels. The membrane filter extracts the component from the first liquid and transfers the component into the second liquid as the first and second liquids flow through the first and second housing halves. | 1. A membrane extraction apparatus for extracting a component from a first liquid, the apparatus comprising:
a housing comprised of a first housing half and a mating second housing half; the first housing half having a first open faced channel configured to flow the first liquid through the first housing half; the second housing half having a second open faced channel configured to flow a second liquid through the second housing half, the second open faced channel further being arranged to at least partially overlay the first open faced channel when the first and second housing halves are secured together; a membrane filter disposed between the first and second housing halves to overlay the first and second open faced channels and communicate with the first and second open faced channels; and the membrane filter operating to extract the component from the first liquid and to transfer the component into the second liquid as the first and second liquids flow through the first and second housing halves. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second open faced channels have a serpentine flow path. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second housing halves comprise 3D printed components. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first housing half includes a first recessed portion; the second housing half includes a second recessed portion configured to overlay the first recessed portion when the first and second housing halves are secured together; and wherein the first and second recessed portions are shaped to house the membrane filter therein. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second recessed portions each form a circular recessed portion. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the membrane filter comprises a circular shape configured to reside in the first and second recessed portions when the first and second housing halves are secured together. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second open faced channels each have a depth of no more than 250 μm. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the membrane filter comprises a hydrophobic porous membrane filter. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the membrane filter comprises a hydrophilic porous membrane filter. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second housing halves are configured to receive and flow the first and second liquids in the opposite direction through the first and second open faced channels. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inlet fitting and an outlet fitting secured to the first housing half on opposing sides of the first housing half, with both the inlet fitting and the outlet fitting being in communication with the first open faced channel. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inlet fitting and an outlet fitting secured to the second housing half on opposing sides of the second housing half, with both the inlet fitting and the outlet fitting being in communication with the second open faced channel. 13. A modular membrane extraction apparatus for extracting a component from a first liquid, the apparatus comprising:
a housing comprised of a first housing half and a mating second housing half; the first housing half having a first open faced channel formed within a first recessed portion, and configured to flow the first liquid through the first housing half; the second housing half having a second open faced channel formed within a second recessed portion, where the second recessed portion registers with the first recessed portion, and where the second open faced channel is configured to flow a second liquid through the second housing half, the second open faced channel further being arranged to communicate with the first open faced channel when the first and second housing halves are secured together; a porous membrane filter disposed in the first and second recessed portions between the first and second housing halves to overlay the first and second open faced channels and communicate with the first and second open faced channels; and the membrane filter operating to extract the component from the first liquid and to transfer the component into the second liquid as the first and second liquids flow through the first and second housing halves. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second open faced channels each comprise a serpentine shape that overlay one another when the first and second housings are assembled together. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the first and second open faced channels have a depth of no more than 250 μm. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second recessed portions are circular shaped, and wherein the porous membrane filter is circular shaped and is contained within the first and second recessed portions when the first and second housing halves are secured together. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second housing halves comprise 3D printed components. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the porous membrane filter comprises a hydrophobic porous membrane filter. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the porous membrane filter comprises a hydrophilic porous membrane filter. 20. A method of extracting a component in a first fluid using a second fluid, the method comprising:
providing first and second housing halves each having open faced channels which overlay one another when the first and second housing halves are secured together; disposing a porous membrane filter over the open faced channels before securing the first and second housing halves together such that the porous membrane filter is captured between the first and second open faced channels and in communication with both of the open faced channels; flowing the first fluid through the open faced channel in the first housing half such that the first fluid contacts the porous membrane filter; simultaneously flowing a second fluid through the open faced channel in the second housing half such that the second fluid communicates with the porous membrane filter while the first fluid is in contact with the porous membrane filter; using the porous membrane filter to extract the component from the first fluid and to transfer the component to the second fluid; and continuing to flow the first and second fluids out from the first and second housing halves. | The present disclosure relates to a membrane extraction apparatus for extracting a component from a first liquid. The apparatus may incorporate a housing comprised of first and second mating housing halves, with each housing half having an open faced channel formed therein such that the channels at least partially overlay one another when the two housing halves are secured together. A membrane filter is disposed between the two housing halves to overlay the open faced channels. The membrane filter extracts the component from the first liquid and transfers the component into the second liquid as the first and second liquids flow through the first and second housing halves.1. A membrane extraction apparatus for extracting a component from a first liquid, the apparatus comprising:
a housing comprised of a first housing half and a mating second housing half; the first housing half having a first open faced channel configured to flow the first liquid through the first housing half; the second housing half having a second open faced channel configured to flow a second liquid through the second housing half, the second open faced channel further being arranged to at least partially overlay the first open faced channel when the first and second housing halves are secured together; a membrane filter disposed between the first and second housing halves to overlay the first and second open faced channels and communicate with the first and second open faced channels; and the membrane filter operating to extract the component from the first liquid and to transfer the component into the second liquid as the first and second liquids flow through the first and second housing halves. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second open faced channels have a serpentine flow path. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second housing halves comprise 3D printed components. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first housing half includes a first recessed portion; the second housing half includes a second recessed portion configured to overlay the first recessed portion when the first and second housing halves are secured together; and wherein the first and second recessed portions are shaped to house the membrane filter therein. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second recessed portions each form a circular recessed portion. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the membrane filter comprises a circular shape configured to reside in the first and second recessed portions when the first and second housing halves are secured together. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second open faced channels each have a depth of no more than 250 μm. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the membrane filter comprises a hydrophobic porous membrane filter. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the membrane filter comprises a hydrophilic porous membrane filter. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second housing halves are configured to receive and flow the first and second liquids in the opposite direction through the first and second open faced channels. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inlet fitting and an outlet fitting secured to the first housing half on opposing sides of the first housing half, with both the inlet fitting and the outlet fitting being in communication with the first open faced channel. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inlet fitting and an outlet fitting secured to the second housing half on opposing sides of the second housing half, with both the inlet fitting and the outlet fitting being in communication with the second open faced channel. 13. A modular membrane extraction apparatus for extracting a component from a first liquid, the apparatus comprising:
a housing comprised of a first housing half and a mating second housing half; the first housing half having a first open faced channel formed within a first recessed portion, and configured to flow the first liquid through the first housing half; the second housing half having a second open faced channel formed within a second recessed portion, where the second recessed portion registers with the first recessed portion, and where the second open faced channel is configured to flow a second liquid through the second housing half, the second open faced channel further being arranged to communicate with the first open faced channel when the first and second housing halves are secured together; a porous membrane filter disposed in the first and second recessed portions between the first and second housing halves to overlay the first and second open faced channels and communicate with the first and second open faced channels; and the membrane filter operating to extract the component from the first liquid and to transfer the component into the second liquid as the first and second liquids flow through the first and second housing halves. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second open faced channels each comprise a serpentine shape that overlay one another when the first and second housings are assembled together. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the first and second open faced channels have a depth of no more than 250 μm. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second recessed portions are circular shaped, and wherein the porous membrane filter is circular shaped and is contained within the first and second recessed portions when the first and second housing halves are secured together. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second housing halves comprise 3D printed components. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the porous membrane filter comprises a hydrophobic porous membrane filter. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the porous membrane filter comprises a hydrophilic porous membrane filter. 20. A method of extracting a component in a first fluid using a second fluid, the method comprising:
providing first and second housing halves each having open faced channels which overlay one another when the first and second housing halves are secured together; disposing a porous membrane filter over the open faced channels before securing the first and second housing halves together such that the porous membrane filter is captured between the first and second open faced channels and in communication with both of the open faced channels; flowing the first fluid through the open faced channel in the first housing half such that the first fluid contacts the porous membrane filter; simultaneously flowing a second fluid through the open faced channel in the second housing half such that the second fluid communicates with the porous membrane filter while the first fluid is in contact with the porous membrane filter; using the porous membrane filter to extract the component from the first fluid and to transfer the component to the second fluid; and continuing to flow the first and second fluids out from the first and second housing halves. | 2,800 |
343,961 | 16,803,434 | 2,872 | Systems and methods for identifying data suitable for mapping are provided. In some aspects, the method includes receiving one or more images acquired in an area of interest, and selecting at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images. The method also includes determining perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images, and computing pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points. The method further includes comparing corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween, and determining a suitability of the one or more images for mapping based on the comparison. | 1. A method for identifying data suitable for mapping, the method comprising:
receiving one or more images acquired in an area of interest; selecting at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images; determining perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images; computing pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points; comparing corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween; and determining a suitability of the one or more images for mapping based on the comparison. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises identifying ground control points in the area of interest that satisfy predetermined criteria. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises identifying a pose for a device used to acquire the one or more images. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the perceived locations further comprises:
identifying pixel locations in the one or more images corresponding to the at least two ground control points; for each of the at least two ground control points, projecting a ray that originates in a center of the device and passes through corresponding pixel locations; generating a perpendicular for each ray, wherein each perpendicular connects to a corresponding ground control point; and determining a perceived location of each ground control point using the respective perpendicular. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises utilizing a machine learning algorithm to identify the pixel locations. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises calculating an uncertainty for the perceived locations using device information and environmental information associated with the one or more images. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises calculating a relative positioning indicator using the differences identified. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises calculating the relative positioning indicator based on a central tendency of the differences. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises using a weighting scheme based on inverse distance to calculate the relative positioning indicator. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises determining the suitability by comparing the relative positioning indicator to a predetermined relative accuracy value. 11. A system for identifying data suitable for mapping, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions causing the system to:
receive one or more images acquired in an area of interest;
select at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images;
determine perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images;
compute pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points;
compare corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween; and
generate a report indicating a suitability of the one or more images for mapping that is determined based on the comparison; and
a display for providing the report to a user. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to identify ground control points in the area of interest that satisfy predetermined criteria. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to identify a pose for a device used to acquire the one or more images. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions further cause the system to determine the perceived locations by:
identifying pixel locations in the one or more images corresponding to the at least two ground control points; for each of the at least two ground control points, projecting a ray that originates in a center of the device and passes through corresponding pixel locations; generating a perpendicular for each ray, wherein each perpendicular connects to a corresponding ground control point; and determining a perceived location of each ground control point using the respective perpendicular. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to calculate an uncertainty for the perceived locations using device information and environmental information associated with the one or more images. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to calculate a relative positioning indicator using the differences identified. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the system to calculate the relative positioning indicator based on a central tendency of the differences. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the system to use a weighting scheme based on inverse distance to calculate the relative positioning indicator. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the system to determine the suitability by comparing the relative positioning indicator to a predetermined relative accuracy value. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for identifying data suitable for mapping, carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform steps to:
receive one or more images acquired in an area of interest; select at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images; determine perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images; compute pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points; compare corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween; and determine a suitability of the one or more images for mapping based on the comparison. | Systems and methods for identifying data suitable for mapping are provided. In some aspects, the method includes receiving one or more images acquired in an area of interest, and selecting at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images. The method also includes determining perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images, and computing pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points. The method further includes comparing corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween, and determining a suitability of the one or more images for mapping based on the comparison.1. A method for identifying data suitable for mapping, the method comprising:
receiving one or more images acquired in an area of interest; selecting at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images; determining perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images; computing pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points; comparing corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween; and determining a suitability of the one or more images for mapping based on the comparison. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises identifying ground control points in the area of interest that satisfy predetermined criteria. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises identifying a pose for a device used to acquire the one or more images. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the perceived locations further comprises:
identifying pixel locations in the one or more images corresponding to the at least two ground control points; for each of the at least two ground control points, projecting a ray that originates in a center of the device and passes through corresponding pixel locations; generating a perpendicular for each ray, wherein each perpendicular connects to a corresponding ground control point; and determining a perceived location of each ground control point using the respective perpendicular. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises utilizing a machine learning algorithm to identify the pixel locations. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises calculating an uncertainty for the perceived locations using device information and environmental information associated with the one or more images. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises calculating a relative positioning indicator using the differences identified. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises calculating the relative positioning indicator based on a central tendency of the differences. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises using a weighting scheme based on inverse distance to calculate the relative positioning indicator. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises determining the suitability by comparing the relative positioning indicator to a predetermined relative accuracy value. 11. A system for identifying data suitable for mapping, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions causing the system to:
receive one or more images acquired in an area of interest;
select at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images;
determine perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images;
compute pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points;
compare corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween; and
generate a report indicating a suitability of the one or more images for mapping that is determined based on the comparison; and
a display for providing the report to a user. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to identify ground control points in the area of interest that satisfy predetermined criteria. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to identify a pose for a device used to acquire the one or more images. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions further cause the system to determine the perceived locations by:
identifying pixel locations in the one or more images corresponding to the at least two ground control points; for each of the at least two ground control points, projecting a ray that originates in a center of the device and passes through corresponding pixel locations; generating a perpendicular for each ray, wherein each perpendicular connects to a corresponding ground control point; and determining a perceived location of each ground control point using the respective perpendicular. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to calculate an uncertainty for the perceived locations using device information and environmental information associated with the one or more images. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the system to calculate a relative positioning indicator using the differences identified. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the system to calculate the relative positioning indicator based on a central tendency of the differences. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the system to use a weighting scheme based on inverse distance to calculate the relative positioning indicator. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the system to determine the suitability by comparing the relative positioning indicator to a predetermined relative accuracy value. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for identifying data suitable for mapping, carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform steps to:
receive one or more images acquired in an area of interest; select at least two ground control points within a field of view of the one or more images; determine perceived locations for the at least two ground control points using the one or more images; compute pairwise distances between the perceived locations and predetermined locations of the at least two ground control points; compare corresponding pairwise distances to identify differences therebetween; and determine a suitability of the one or more images for mapping based on the comparison. | 2,800 |
343,962 | 16,803,330 | 2,872 | Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for data manipulation record storage. One computer-implemented method includes: sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; and determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating, by the server, the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records. | 1. A computer-implemented method for data manipulation record storage, comprising:
sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; determining, by the server, a type of manipulation instructions that the data block stores; determining, by the server, at least a portion of the data records that includes the type of manipulation instructions and corresponding execution results; calculating, by the server, a first hash value based on the at least a portion of the data records and a second hash value of a newest data block of a blockchain-type ledger; generating, by the server, the data block that includes the at least a portion of the data records and the second hash value; appending the data block to the blockchain-type ledger; receiving, by the server, a request to verify the at least a portion of the data records from a user terminal, wherein the request includes a third hash value calculated by the user terminal; determining, by the server based on searching the blockchain-type ledger, that the first hash value matches the third hash value; and sending, by the server to the user terminal, the at least a portion of the data records and an indication indicating that the at least a portion of the data records are correct. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the blockchain-type ledger, the data block has a predetermined block-height. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of a blockchain-type ledger, and a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of an immediately preceding data block of the newest data block. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a subgroup of the SQL format selected from a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), and a data control language (DCL), the execution result further comprises output parameters corresponding to input parameters in the one or more manipulation instructions. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining, by the server, a subgroup code of the subgroup of the SQL format of the one or more manipulation instructions, wherein the one or more data records further comprises the subgroup code for identifying the subgroup associated with the one or more manipulation instructions. 7. (canceled) 8. A computer-implemented system for data manipulation record storage, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format;
receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions;
generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result;
determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied;
determining, by the server, a type of manipulation instructions that the data block stores;
determining, by the server, at least a portion of the data records that includes the type of manipulation instructions and corresponding execution results;
calculating, by the server, a first hash value based on the at least a portion of the data records and a second hash value of a newest data block of a blockchain-type ledger;
generating, by the server, the data block that includes the at least a portion of the data records and the second hash value;
appending the data block to the blockchain-type ledger;
receiving, by the server, a request to verify the at least a portion of the data records from a user terminal, wherein the request includes a third hash value calculated by the user terminal;
determining, by the server based on searching the blockchain-type ledger, that the first hash value matches the third hash value; and
sending, by the server to the user terminal, the at least a portion of the data records and an indication indicating that the at least a portion of the data records are correct. 9. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the blockchain-type ledger, the data block has a predetermined block-height. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of a blockchain-type ledger, and a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of an immediately preceding data block of the newest data block. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a subgroup of the SQL format selected from a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), and a data control language (DCL), the execution result further comprises output parameters corresponding to input parameters in the one or more manipulation instructions. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, further comprising:
determining, by the server, a subgroup code of the subgroup of the SQL format of the one or more manipulation instructions, wherein the one or more data records further comprises the subgroup code for identifying the subgroup associated with the one or more manipulation instructions. 14. (canceled) 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for data manipulation record storage, comprising:
sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; determining, by the server, a type of manipulation instructions that the data block stores; determining, by the server, at least a portion of the data records that includes the type of manipulation instructions and corresponding execution results; calculating, by the server, a first hash value based on the at least a portion of the data records and a second hash value of a newest data block of a blockchain-type ledger; generating, by the server, the data block that includes the at least a portion of the data records and the second hash value; appending the data block to the blockchain-type ledger; receiving, by the server, a request to verify the at least a portion of the data records from a user terminal, wherein the request includes a third hash value calculated by the user terminal; determining, by the server based on searching the blockchain-type ledger, that the first hash value matches the third hash value; and sending, by the server to the user terminal, the at least a portion of the data records and an indication indicating that the at least a portion of the data records are correct. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the blockchain-type ledger, the data block has a predetermined block-height. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of a blockchain-type ledger, and a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of an immediately preceding data block of the newest data block. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a subgroup of the SQL format selected from a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), and a data control language (DCL), the execution result further comprises output parameters corresponding to input parameters in the one or more manipulation instructions. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
determining, by the server, a subgroup code of the subgroup of the SQL format of the one or more manipulation instructions, wherein the one or more data records further comprises the subgroup code for identifying the subgroup associated with the one or more manipulation instructions. 21. (canceled) | Computer-implemented methods, computer-implemented systems, and non-transitory, computer-readable media for data manipulation record storage. One computer-implemented method includes: sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; and determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; and generating, by the server, the data block that includes at least a portion of the data records.1. A computer-implemented method for data manipulation record storage, comprising:
sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; determining, by the server, a type of manipulation instructions that the data block stores; determining, by the server, at least a portion of the data records that includes the type of manipulation instructions and corresponding execution results; calculating, by the server, a first hash value based on the at least a portion of the data records and a second hash value of a newest data block of a blockchain-type ledger; generating, by the server, the data block that includes the at least a portion of the data records and the second hash value; appending the data block to the blockchain-type ledger; receiving, by the server, a request to verify the at least a portion of the data records from a user terminal, wherein the request includes a third hash value calculated by the user terminal; determining, by the server based on searching the blockchain-type ledger, that the first hash value matches the third hash value; and sending, by the server to the user terminal, the at least a portion of the data records and an indication indicating that the at least a portion of the data records are correct. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the blockchain-type ledger, the data block has a predetermined block-height. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of a blockchain-type ledger, and a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of an immediately preceding data block of the newest data block. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a subgroup of the SQL format selected from a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), and a data control language (DCL), the execution result further comprises output parameters corresponding to input parameters in the one or more manipulation instructions. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining, by the server, a subgroup code of the subgroup of the SQL format of the one or more manipulation instructions, wherein the one or more data records further comprises the subgroup code for identifying the subgroup associated with the one or more manipulation instructions. 7. (canceled) 8. A computer-implemented system for data manipulation record storage, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format;
receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions;
generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result;
determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied;
determining, by the server, a type of manipulation instructions that the data block stores;
determining, by the server, at least a portion of the data records that includes the type of manipulation instructions and corresponding execution results;
calculating, by the server, a first hash value based on the at least a portion of the data records and a second hash value of a newest data block of a blockchain-type ledger;
generating, by the server, the data block that includes the at least a portion of the data records and the second hash value;
appending the data block to the blockchain-type ledger;
receiving, by the server, a request to verify the at least a portion of the data records from a user terminal, wherein the request includes a third hash value calculated by the user terminal;
determining, by the server based on searching the blockchain-type ledger, that the first hash value matches the third hash value; and
sending, by the server to the user terminal, the at least a portion of the data records and an indication indicating that the at least a portion of the data records are correct. 9. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the blockchain-type ledger, the data block has a predetermined block-height. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of a blockchain-type ledger, and a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of an immediately preceding data block of the newest data block. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a subgroup of the SQL format selected from a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), and a data control language (DCL), the execution result further comprises output parameters corresponding to input parameters in the one or more manipulation instructions. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, further comprising:
determining, by the server, a subgroup code of the subgroup of the SQL format of the one or more manipulation instructions, wherein the one or more data records further comprises the subgroup code for identifying the subgroup associated with the one or more manipulation instructions. 14. (canceled) 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for data manipulation record storage, comprising:
sending, by a server, one or more manipulation instructions to a database, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a structured query language (SQL) format; receiving, by the server from the database, an execution result of the one or more manipulation instructions; generating, by the server, one or more data records comprising the one or more manipulation instructions and the execution result; determining, by the server, that a predetermined condition of generating a data block is satisfied; determining, by the server, a type of manipulation instructions that the data block stores; determining, by the server, at least a portion of the data records that includes the type of manipulation instructions and corresponding execution results; calculating, by the server, a first hash value based on the at least a portion of the data records and a second hash value of a newest data block of a blockchain-type ledger; generating, by the server, the data block that includes the at least a portion of the data records and the second hash value; appending the data block to the blockchain-type ledger; receiving, by the server, a request to verify the at least a portion of the data records from a user terminal, wherein the request includes a third hash value calculated by the user terminal; determining, by the server based on searching the blockchain-type ledger, that the first hash value matches the third hash value; and sending, by the server to the user terminal, the at least a portion of the data records and an indication indicating that the at least a portion of the data records are correct. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data block is a starting data block of the blockchain-type ledger, the data block has a predetermined block-height. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data block is not a starting data block of a blockchain-type ledger, and a block height of the data block is greater than a block height of an immediately preceding data block of the newest data block. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the predetermined condition of generating a data block is one of a volume of the data records reaches a predetermined threshold and a last data block has been generated for a predetermined time. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more manipulation instructions are in a subgroup of the SQL format selected from a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), and a data control language (DCL), the execution result further comprises output parameters corresponding to input parameters in the one or more manipulation instructions. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
determining, by the server, a subgroup code of the subgroup of the SQL format of the one or more manipulation instructions, wherein the one or more data records further comprises the subgroup code for identifying the subgroup associated with the one or more manipulation instructions. 21. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,963 | 16,803,418 | 2,825 | A memory device having non-volatile memory cells and a controller. In response to a first command for erasing and programming a first group of the memory cells, the controller determines the first group can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure, erases the first group, and programs the first group within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure. In response to a second command for erasing and programming a second group of the memory cells, the controller determines that the second group cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure, divides the second group into subgroups of the memory cells each of which can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure, and for each of the subgroups, erase the subgroup and program the subgroup within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a plurality of non-volatile memory cells; a controller configured to:
receive a first command for erasing and programming a first group of the memory cells,
determine that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells,
erase the first group of memory cells in a group erase operation,
program the first group of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the group erase operation,
receive a second command for erasing and programming a second group of the memory cells,
determine that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells,
divide the second group of the memory cells into a plurality of subgroups of the memory cells, wherein each one of the subgroups can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the respective one subgroup of the memory cells, and
for each of the subgroups of the memory cells:
erase the subgroup of memory cells in a subgroup erase operation, and
program the subgroup of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the subgroup erase operation. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to simultaneously erase at least all of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells in the group erase operation. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein for each of the subgroups of the memory cells, the controller is further configured to simultaneously erase at least all of the memory cells in the subgroup of the memory cells in the subgroup erase operation. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells based on a number of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells does not exceed a predetermined number, and to determine that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells based on a number of the memory cells in the second group of the memory cells does exceed the predetermined number. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between, a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region, and a control gate disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. 7. A method of operating a memory device having a plurality of non-volatile memory cells, comprising:
receiving a first command for erasing and programming a first group of the memory cells, determining that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells, erasing the first group of memory cells in a group erase operation, programming the first group of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the group erase operation, receiving a second command for erasing and programming a second group of the memory cells, determining that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells, dividing the second group of the memory cells into a plurality of subgroups of the memory cells, wherein each one of the subgroups can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the respective one subgroup of the memory cells, and for each of the subgroups of the memory cells:
erasing the subgroup of memory cells in a subgroup erase operation, and
programming the subgroup of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the subgroup erase operation. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the erasing the first group of memory cells further comprises simultaneously erasing at least all of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein for each of the subgroups of the memory cells, the erasing the subgroup of the memory cells further comprises simultaneously erasing at least all of the memory cells in the subgroup of the memory cells. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells is based on a number of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells does not exceed a predetermined number, and the determining that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells is based on a number of the memory cells in the second group of the memory cells does exceed the predetermined number. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between, a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region, and a control gate disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. | A memory device having non-volatile memory cells and a controller. In response to a first command for erasing and programming a first group of the memory cells, the controller determines the first group can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure, erases the first group, and programs the first group within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure. In response to a second command for erasing and programming a second group of the memory cells, the controller determines that the second group cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure, divides the second group into subgroups of the memory cells each of which can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure, and for each of the subgroups, erase the subgroup and program the subgroup within substantially 10 seconds of their erasure.1. A memory device comprising:
a plurality of non-volatile memory cells; a controller configured to:
receive a first command for erasing and programming a first group of the memory cells,
determine that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells,
erase the first group of memory cells in a group erase operation,
program the first group of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the group erase operation,
receive a second command for erasing and programming a second group of the memory cells,
determine that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells,
divide the second group of the memory cells into a plurality of subgroups of the memory cells, wherein each one of the subgroups can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the respective one subgroup of the memory cells, and
for each of the subgroups of the memory cells:
erase the subgroup of memory cells in a subgroup erase operation, and
program the subgroup of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the subgroup erase operation. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to simultaneously erase at least all of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells in the group erase operation. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein for each of the subgroups of the memory cells, the controller is further configured to simultaneously erase at least all of the memory cells in the subgroup of the memory cells in the subgroup erase operation. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells based on a number of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells does not exceed a predetermined number, and to determine that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells based on a number of the memory cells in the second group of the memory cells does exceed the predetermined number. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between, a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region, and a control gate disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. 7. A method of operating a memory device having a plurality of non-volatile memory cells, comprising:
receiving a first command for erasing and programming a first group of the memory cells, determining that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells, erasing the first group of memory cells in a group erase operation, programming the first group of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the group erase operation, receiving a second command for erasing and programming a second group of the memory cells, determining that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells, dividing the second group of the memory cells into a plurality of subgroups of the memory cells, wherein each one of the subgroups can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the respective one subgroup of the memory cells, and for each of the subgroups of the memory cells:
erasing the subgroup of memory cells in a subgroup erase operation, and
programming the subgroup of memory cells within substantially 10 seconds of the subgroup erase operation. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the erasing the first group of memory cells further comprises simultaneously erasing at least all of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein for each of the subgroups of the memory cells, the erasing the subgroup of the memory cells further comprises simultaneously erasing at least all of the memory cells in the subgroup of the memory cells. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining that the first group of the memory cells can be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the first group of the memory cells is based on a number of the memory cells in the first group of the memory cells does not exceed a predetermined number, and the determining that the second group of the memory cells cannot be programmed within substantially 10 seconds of erasure of the second group of the memory cells is based on a number of the memory cells in the second group of the memory cells does exceed the predetermined number. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between, a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region, and a control gate disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. | 2,800 |
343,964 | 16,803,403 | 2,825 | A heater according to an embodiment includes: a tubular portion; a sealing portion provided in each of both end portions of the tubular portion; a conductive portion provided inside each sealing portion; a heating portion provided inside the tubular portion, extending along a tube axis of the tubular portion, and including carbons; an inner lead provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed into the tubular portion; and a connection portion connected to each of both end portions of the heating portion inside the tubular portion. A bent portion is provided in an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in each inner lead. The bent portion is bent in a direction in which the sealing portions face each other and is provided inside a hole of the connection portion. | 1. A heater comprising:
a tubular portion; a sealing portion which is provided in each of both end portions of the tubular portion; a conductive portion which is provided inside each sealing portion; a heating portion which is provided inside the tubular portion, extends along a tube axis of the tubular portion, and includes carbons; an inner lead which is provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed into the tubular portion; and a connection portion which is connected to each of both end portions of the heating portion inside the tubular portion, wherein a bent portion is provided in an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in each inner lead, and the bent portion is bent in a direction in which the sealing portions face each other and is provided inside a hole of the connection portion. 2. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the connection portion further includes a groove, one end portion of the groove is connected to the hole, the other end portion of the groove opens to an end face on the side of the conductive portion in the connection portion, and at least one of both side surfaces of the groove contacts the inner lead. 3. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the connection portion includes a plate-shaped base portion, and the base portion includes at least one convex portion which protrudes from one surface and the hole which penetrates the base portion in a thickness direction and is provided with the bent portion. 4. The heater according to claim 3, wherein
the hole is provided in the vicinity of an end portion opposite to an installation side of the convex portion in the base portion. 5. The heater according to claim 3, wherein
the connection portion further includes a first holding portion which is provided in an end portion in a direction intersecting an arrangement direction of the convex portion and the hole in the base portion and has a plate shape, a second holding portion which is provided in an end portion opposite to an installation side of the first holding portion in the base portion and has a plate shape, and a third holding portion which is provided in an end portion on an installation side of the convex portion in the base portion and has a plate shape. 6. The heater according to claim 5, wherein
the first holding portion, the second holding portion, and the third holding portion are provided on a protrusion side of the convex portion in the base portion. 7. The heater according to claim 6, wherein
an end portion of the heating portion is sandwiched between each of the first holding portion, the second holding portion, and the third holding portion and the convex portion of the base portion. 8. The heater according to claim 6, wherein
the third holding portion includes a hole which penetrates the third holding portion in a thickness direction and an end portion of the heating portion is inserted into the hole. 9. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the connection portion includes nickel or nickel alloy. 10. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the vicinity of an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in the inner lead is welded to the connection portion. 11. The heater according to claim 1, further comprising:
an outer lead which is provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed from the sealing portion. 12. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the heating portion has a spiral shape. 13. The heater according to claim 12, wherein
the spiral heating portion includes a stripe-shaped mesh structure including carbons. 14. The heater according to claim 12, wherein
the spiral heating portion includes a linear body including carbon fibers. 15. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the heating portion is any one of a tubular mesh structure including carbon fibers, a stripe-shaped body including carbons, and a linear body including carbons. 16. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the heating portion is able to generate heat and emit light including infrared rays when energized. 17. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
a power density of the heater is 4.5 W (watt)/mm (millimeter) or more. 18. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
an internal space of the tubular portion is filled with at least one gas selected from the group consisting of argon, xenon, krypton, and neon. 19. The heater according to claim 18, wherein
a pressure of the gas is 0.6 bar (60 kPa) or more and 0.9 bar (90 kPa) or less. | A heater according to an embodiment includes: a tubular portion; a sealing portion provided in each of both end portions of the tubular portion; a conductive portion provided inside each sealing portion; a heating portion provided inside the tubular portion, extending along a tube axis of the tubular portion, and including carbons; an inner lead provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed into the tubular portion; and a connection portion connected to each of both end portions of the heating portion inside the tubular portion. A bent portion is provided in an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in each inner lead. The bent portion is bent in a direction in which the sealing portions face each other and is provided inside a hole of the connection portion.1. A heater comprising:
a tubular portion; a sealing portion which is provided in each of both end portions of the tubular portion; a conductive portion which is provided inside each sealing portion; a heating portion which is provided inside the tubular portion, extends along a tube axis of the tubular portion, and includes carbons; an inner lead which is provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed into the tubular portion; and a connection portion which is connected to each of both end portions of the heating portion inside the tubular portion, wherein a bent portion is provided in an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in each inner lead, and the bent portion is bent in a direction in which the sealing portions face each other and is provided inside a hole of the connection portion. 2. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the connection portion further includes a groove, one end portion of the groove is connected to the hole, the other end portion of the groove opens to an end face on the side of the conductive portion in the connection portion, and at least one of both side surfaces of the groove contacts the inner lead. 3. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the connection portion includes a plate-shaped base portion, and the base portion includes at least one convex portion which protrudes from one surface and the hole which penetrates the base portion in a thickness direction and is provided with the bent portion. 4. The heater according to claim 3, wherein
the hole is provided in the vicinity of an end portion opposite to an installation side of the convex portion in the base portion. 5. The heater according to claim 3, wherein
the connection portion further includes a first holding portion which is provided in an end portion in a direction intersecting an arrangement direction of the convex portion and the hole in the base portion and has a plate shape, a second holding portion which is provided in an end portion opposite to an installation side of the first holding portion in the base portion and has a plate shape, and a third holding portion which is provided in an end portion on an installation side of the convex portion in the base portion and has a plate shape. 6. The heater according to claim 5, wherein
the first holding portion, the second holding portion, and the third holding portion are provided on a protrusion side of the convex portion in the base portion. 7. The heater according to claim 6, wherein
an end portion of the heating portion is sandwiched between each of the first holding portion, the second holding portion, and the third holding portion and the convex portion of the base portion. 8. The heater according to claim 6, wherein
the third holding portion includes a hole which penetrates the third holding portion in a thickness direction and an end portion of the heating portion is inserted into the hole. 9. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the connection portion includes nickel or nickel alloy. 10. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the vicinity of an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in the inner lead is welded to the connection portion. 11. The heater according to claim 1, further comprising:
an outer lead which is provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed from the sealing portion. 12. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the heating portion has a spiral shape. 13. The heater according to claim 12, wherein
the spiral heating portion includes a stripe-shaped mesh structure including carbons. 14. The heater according to claim 12, wherein
the spiral heating portion includes a linear body including carbon fibers. 15. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the heating portion is any one of a tubular mesh structure including carbon fibers, a stripe-shaped body including carbons, and a linear body including carbons. 16. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
the heating portion is able to generate heat and emit light including infrared rays when energized. 17. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
a power density of the heater is 4.5 W (watt)/mm (millimeter) or more. 18. The heater according to claim 1, wherein
an internal space of the tubular portion is filled with at least one gas selected from the group consisting of argon, xenon, krypton, and neon. 19. The heater according to claim 18, wherein
a pressure of the gas is 0.6 bar (60 kPa) or more and 0.9 bar (90 kPa) or less. | 2,800 |
343,965 | 16,803,422 | 2,825 | A device for detecting the profile of a tread includes a light source, a mask configured for receiving a light emission of the light source and permeable to the light emission in correspondence of a slit provided therein. The slit is configured for generating, when traversed by the light emission, a light curtain. At least one image-acquisition device is configured for acquiring a projection of the light curtain on a tread, and a data-processing unit is operatively connected to the image-acquisition device for reception of image data acquired thereby. | 1. A device for detecting the profile of a tread, the device comprising:
a light source, a mask configured for receiving a light emission of said light source and permeable to said light emission in correspondence of a slit provided therein, said slit being configured for generating, when traversed by said light emission, a light curtain, at least one image-acquisition device configured for acquiring a projection of said light curtain on a tread, and a data-processing unit operatively connected to said image-acquisition device for reception of image data acquired thereby. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said light source is a light source with linear extension. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said light source is parallel to said slit. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein said light source comprises a linear array of concentrated light sources (10). 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said light source has a light emission in the visible light spectrum. 6. The device according to claim 1, further including an array of image-acquisition devices arranged along said slit, each image-acquisition device of said array being configured for acquisition of a respective portion of the projection of the light curtain on a tread. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein, a ratio of a width of the slit in a direction transverse to a main extension direction, and a depth of the slit, is between 0.05 and 1. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said data-processing unit is configured for communicating the data coming from said at least one image acquisition device to an external computer to determine the profile of a tread on the basis of said data. 9. A method for detecting the profile of a tread by means of a device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
activating said light source, impinging upon said tread with said light curtain to generate a transverse projection thereon, acquiring one or more images of said transverse projection by means of said at least one image-acquisition device, and processing data corresponding to said one or more images to determine a profile of said tread. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said impinging upon the tread comprises scanning the tread transversely by means of said device by means of said. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein said impinging upon the tread (TH) comprises scanning the tread transversely by means of said light curtain. 12. The device according to claim 2, wherein said light source is aligned to said slit. 13. The device according to claim 3, wherein said light source comprises a linear array of concentrated light sources. | A device for detecting the profile of a tread includes a light source, a mask configured for receiving a light emission of the light source and permeable to the light emission in correspondence of a slit provided therein. The slit is configured for generating, when traversed by the light emission, a light curtain. At least one image-acquisition device is configured for acquiring a projection of the light curtain on a tread, and a data-processing unit is operatively connected to the image-acquisition device for reception of image data acquired thereby.1. A device for detecting the profile of a tread, the device comprising:
a light source, a mask configured for receiving a light emission of said light source and permeable to said light emission in correspondence of a slit provided therein, said slit being configured for generating, when traversed by said light emission, a light curtain, at least one image-acquisition device configured for acquiring a projection of said light curtain on a tread, and a data-processing unit operatively connected to said image-acquisition device for reception of image data acquired thereby. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said light source is a light source with linear extension. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said light source is parallel to said slit. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein said light source comprises a linear array of concentrated light sources (10). 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said light source has a light emission in the visible light spectrum. 6. The device according to claim 1, further including an array of image-acquisition devices arranged along said slit, each image-acquisition device of said array being configured for acquisition of a respective portion of the projection of the light curtain on a tread. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein, a ratio of a width of the slit in a direction transverse to a main extension direction, and a depth of the slit, is between 0.05 and 1. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said data-processing unit is configured for communicating the data coming from said at least one image acquisition device to an external computer to determine the profile of a tread on the basis of said data. 9. A method for detecting the profile of a tread by means of a device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
activating said light source, impinging upon said tread with said light curtain to generate a transverse projection thereon, acquiring one or more images of said transverse projection by means of said at least one image-acquisition device, and processing data corresponding to said one or more images to determine a profile of said tread. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said impinging upon the tread comprises scanning the tread transversely by means of said device by means of said. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein said impinging upon the tread (TH) comprises scanning the tread transversely by means of said light curtain. 12. The device according to claim 2, wherein said light source is aligned to said slit. 13. The device according to claim 3, wherein said light source comprises a linear array of concentrated light sources. | 2,800 |
343,966 | 16,803,420 | 2,825 | A cam assembly for selectively contacting an end-of-stroke damper position switch. The cam assembly includes a first cam that is rotatable about a first axis, and a position lever that is connected to and rotates with the cam assembly. The position lever is configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of the damper and the cam assembly is adjustable to contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch at the end-of-stroke of the opening and closing mechanism of the damper regardless of the position of the lever. | 1. A cam assembly configured to selectively contact an end-of-stroke damper position switch, comprising:
a first cam that is rotatable about a first axis; a position lever that is connected to and rotates with the cam assembly, wherein the position lever is configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of the damper and the cam assembly is adjustable to contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch at the end-of-stroke of the opening and closing mechanism of the damper regardless of the position of the lever. 2. The cam assembly of claim 1, wherein the first cam further comprises:
a first contact portion; and a second contact portion, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are configured to contact the end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 3. The cam assembly of claim 2, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion extend from a substantially cylindrical camming surface of the first cam, and wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are curved and have a greater diameter than the first camming surface. 4. The cam assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a second cam configured to fit on the first cam, wherein the position lever is directly connected to the first cam. 5. The cam assembly of claim 4, wherein the second cam is rotatable independently of and relative to the first cam. 6. The cam assembly of claim 5, further comprising a locking mechanism configured to selectively lock a rotational position of the second cam with respect to the first cam. 7. The cam assembly of claim 6, wherein the locking mechanism includes a series of grooves that are configured to selectively engage with a protrusion. 8. The cam assembly of claim 7, wherein the second cam includes a tool receiving portion, wherein the second cam is rotatable with respect to the first cam in response to placement of the tool in the tool receiving portion and rotation of the tool. 9. The cam assembly of claim 7, wherein the series of grooves are located on the first cam and the protrusion is located on the second cam. 10. The cam assembly of claim 7, wherein the series of grooves are located on the second cam and the protrusion is located on the first cam. 11. The cam assembly of claim 5, wherein the second cam further comprises:
a third contact portion; and a fourth contact portion, wherein the third contact portion and the fourth contact portion are configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 12. The cam assembly of claim 11, wherein the first contact portion or the second contact portion is configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position, and wherein the third contact portion or the fourth contact portion is configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position. 13. The cam assembly of claim 11, wherein the first contact portion or the second contact portion is configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is a fully open position, and wherein the third contact portion or the fourth contact portion is configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position. 14. A cam assembly configured to selectively contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch and a second end-of-stroke damper position switch comprising:
a position lever configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of a fire damper; a primary cam with a first primary cam contact portion configured to contact the first end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the primary cam is connected to the position lever; a secondary cam with a first secondary contact portion configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the secondary cam is configured to rotatably receive the primary cam, wherein the primary cam and the secondary cam are configured to rotate about a first axis, and wherein an angular relationship between the first primary contact portion and the first secondary contact portion is adjustable. 15. The cam assembly of claim 14, wherein the primary cam further comprises a second primary cam contact portion, and wherein the secondary cam further comprises a second secondary cam contact portion. 16. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the first and second primary cam contact portions extend from a substantially cylindrical primary camming surface of the primary cam, and wherein the first and second primary cam contact portions are curved and have a greater diameter than the primary camming surface. 17. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the primary cam and the secondary cam include a locking mechanism that is capable of selectively locking the rotational position of the secondary cam with respect to the primary cam. 18. The cam assembly of claim 17, wherein the locking mechanism includes a series of grooves that are capable of selective engagement with a protrusion. 19. The cam assembly of claim 18, wherein the secondary cam includes a tool receiving portion, wherein the secondary cam is rotated with respect to the primary cam by placing the tool in the tool receiving portion and rotating the tool. 20. The cam assembly of claim 18, wherein the series of grooves are on the primary cam and the protrusion is on the secondary cam. 21. The cam assembly of claim 18, wherein the series of grooves are on the secondary cam and protrusion is on the primary cam. 22. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the first or second primary cam contact portions are configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position and the first or second secondary contact portions are configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position. 23. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the first or second primary cam contact portions are configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in an open position and the first or second secondary contact portions are configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in an closed position. 24. A firestat comprising:
an end of stroke damper position switch; cam assembly configured to selectively contact an end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the cam assembly comprises: a first cam that is rotatable about a first axis; a position lever that is connected to and rotates with the cam assembly, wherein the position lever is configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of the damper and the cam assembly is adjustable to contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch at the end-of-stroke of the opening and closing mechanism of the damper with respect to the position of the lever. 25. The firestat of claim 24, wherein the cam further comprises:
a first contact portion; and a second contact portion, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are configured to contact the end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 26. The firestat of claim 25, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion extend from a substantially cylindrical first camming surface of the cam, and wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are curved and have a greater diameter than the first camming surface. 27. The firestat of claim 24, further comprising:
a second cam configured to fit on the first cam, wherein the position lever is directly connected to the first cam. 28. The firestat of claim 27, wherein the second cam is capable of being rotated with respect to the first cam. 29. The firestat of claim 28, wherein the first cam and the second cam include a locking mechanism that is capable of selectively locking the rotational position of the first cam with respect to the second cam. 30. The firestat of claim 29, wherein the locking mechanism includes a series of grooves that are capable of selective engagement with a protrusion. 31. The firestat of claim 30, wherein the second cam includes a tool receiving portion, wherein the second cam is rotated with respect to the first cam by placing the tool in the tool receiving portion and rotating the tool. 32. The firestat of claim 30, wherein the series of grooves are on the first cam and the protrusion is on the second cam. 33. The firestat of claim 30, wherein the series of grooves are on the second cam and protrusion is on the first cam. 34. The firestat of claim 28, further comprising a second end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the second cam further comprises:
a third contact portion; and a fourth contact portion, wherein the third contact portion and the fourth contact portion are configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 35. The firestat of claim 34, wherein the first or second contact portion are configured to contact the first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position and the third or fourth contact portion is configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position. 36. The firestat of claim 34, wherein the first or second contact portion are configured to contact the first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position and the third or fourth contact portion is configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position. | A cam assembly for selectively contacting an end-of-stroke damper position switch. The cam assembly includes a first cam that is rotatable about a first axis, and a position lever that is connected to and rotates with the cam assembly. The position lever is configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of the damper and the cam assembly is adjustable to contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch at the end-of-stroke of the opening and closing mechanism of the damper regardless of the position of the lever.1. A cam assembly configured to selectively contact an end-of-stroke damper position switch, comprising:
a first cam that is rotatable about a first axis; a position lever that is connected to and rotates with the cam assembly, wherein the position lever is configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of the damper and the cam assembly is adjustable to contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch at the end-of-stroke of the opening and closing mechanism of the damper regardless of the position of the lever. 2. The cam assembly of claim 1, wherein the first cam further comprises:
a first contact portion; and a second contact portion, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are configured to contact the end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 3. The cam assembly of claim 2, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion extend from a substantially cylindrical camming surface of the first cam, and wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are curved and have a greater diameter than the first camming surface. 4. The cam assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a second cam configured to fit on the first cam, wherein the position lever is directly connected to the first cam. 5. The cam assembly of claim 4, wherein the second cam is rotatable independently of and relative to the first cam. 6. The cam assembly of claim 5, further comprising a locking mechanism configured to selectively lock a rotational position of the second cam with respect to the first cam. 7. The cam assembly of claim 6, wherein the locking mechanism includes a series of grooves that are configured to selectively engage with a protrusion. 8. The cam assembly of claim 7, wherein the second cam includes a tool receiving portion, wherein the second cam is rotatable with respect to the first cam in response to placement of the tool in the tool receiving portion and rotation of the tool. 9. The cam assembly of claim 7, wherein the series of grooves are located on the first cam and the protrusion is located on the second cam. 10. The cam assembly of claim 7, wherein the series of grooves are located on the second cam and the protrusion is located on the first cam. 11. The cam assembly of claim 5, wherein the second cam further comprises:
a third contact portion; and a fourth contact portion, wherein the third contact portion and the fourth contact portion are configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 12. The cam assembly of claim 11, wherein the first contact portion or the second contact portion is configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position, and wherein the third contact portion or the fourth contact portion is configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position. 13. The cam assembly of claim 11, wherein the first contact portion or the second contact portion is configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is a fully open position, and wherein the third contact portion or the fourth contact portion is configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position. 14. A cam assembly configured to selectively contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch and a second end-of-stroke damper position switch comprising:
a position lever configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of a fire damper; a primary cam with a first primary cam contact portion configured to contact the first end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the primary cam is connected to the position lever; a secondary cam with a first secondary contact portion configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the secondary cam is configured to rotatably receive the primary cam, wherein the primary cam and the secondary cam are configured to rotate about a first axis, and wherein an angular relationship between the first primary contact portion and the first secondary contact portion is adjustable. 15. The cam assembly of claim 14, wherein the primary cam further comprises a second primary cam contact portion, and wherein the secondary cam further comprises a second secondary cam contact portion. 16. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the first and second primary cam contact portions extend from a substantially cylindrical primary camming surface of the primary cam, and wherein the first and second primary cam contact portions are curved and have a greater diameter than the primary camming surface. 17. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the primary cam and the secondary cam include a locking mechanism that is capable of selectively locking the rotational position of the secondary cam with respect to the primary cam. 18. The cam assembly of claim 17, wherein the locking mechanism includes a series of grooves that are capable of selective engagement with a protrusion. 19. The cam assembly of claim 18, wherein the secondary cam includes a tool receiving portion, wherein the secondary cam is rotated with respect to the primary cam by placing the tool in the tool receiving portion and rotating the tool. 20. The cam assembly of claim 18, wherein the series of grooves are on the primary cam and the protrusion is on the secondary cam. 21. The cam assembly of claim 18, wherein the series of grooves are on the secondary cam and protrusion is on the primary cam. 22. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the first or second primary cam contact portions are configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position and the first or second secondary contact portions are configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position. 23. The cam assembly of claim 15, wherein the first or second primary cam contact portions are configured to contact a first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in an open position and the first or second secondary contact portions are configured to contact a second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in an closed position. 24. A firestat comprising:
an end of stroke damper position switch; cam assembly configured to selectively contact an end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the cam assembly comprises: a first cam that is rotatable about a first axis; a position lever that is connected to and rotates with the cam assembly, wherein the position lever is configured to be connected to an opening and closing mechanism of the damper and the cam assembly is adjustable to contact a first end-of-stroke damper position switch at the end-of-stroke of the opening and closing mechanism of the damper with respect to the position of the lever. 25. The firestat of claim 24, wherein the cam further comprises:
a first contact portion; and a second contact portion, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are configured to contact the end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 26. The firestat of claim 25, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion extend from a substantially cylindrical first camming surface of the cam, and wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion are curved and have a greater diameter than the first camming surface. 27. The firestat of claim 24, further comprising:
a second cam configured to fit on the first cam, wherein the position lever is directly connected to the first cam. 28. The firestat of claim 27, wherein the second cam is capable of being rotated with respect to the first cam. 29. The firestat of claim 28, wherein the first cam and the second cam include a locking mechanism that is capable of selectively locking the rotational position of the first cam with respect to the second cam. 30. The firestat of claim 29, wherein the locking mechanism includes a series of grooves that are capable of selective engagement with a protrusion. 31. The firestat of claim 30, wherein the second cam includes a tool receiving portion, wherein the second cam is rotated with respect to the first cam by placing the tool in the tool receiving portion and rotating the tool. 32. The firestat of claim 30, wherein the series of grooves are on the first cam and the protrusion is on the second cam. 33. The firestat of claim 30, wherein the series of grooves are on the second cam and protrusion is on the first cam. 34. The firestat of claim 28, further comprising a second end-of-stroke damper position switch, wherein the second cam further comprises:
a third contact portion; and a fourth contact portion, wherein the third contact portion and the fourth contact portion are configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch as the position lever is rotated. 35. The firestat of claim 34, wherein the first or second contact portion are configured to contact the first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position and the third or fourth contact portion is configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position. 36. The firestat of claim 34, wherein the first or second contact portion are configured to contact the first end-of-stroke-damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a fully open position and the third or fourth contact portion is configured to contact the second end-of-stroke damper position switch when the opening and closing mechanism of the damper is in a closed position. | 2,800 |
343,967 | 16,803,453 | 1,759 | The present disclosure relates to extruded protein products and methods for producing an extruded protein product. In particular, an extruded piece is disclosed having a high protein content and having a desirable texture and flavor. Methods for making an extruded piece include processing, under extrusion conditions, a combination of a powdered protein ingredient, a protein matrix disruptive ingredient, water, and an oil. | 1. A method of making ready to eat extruded pieces, comprising:
a. processing, under extrusion conditions, a powdered protein ingredient comprising at least 45% protein by weight of the powdered protein ingredient, a protein matrix disruptive ingredient, water, an oil, and inclusions to form a protein matrix composition having a protein content of from about 10% to about 65% by weight, a moisture content of from about 25% to about 55% by weight, an oil content of from about 1% to about 15% by weight, and inclusions in an amount of about 10% to about 50% by weight, wherein the extrusion conditions comprise a specific mechanical energy (SME) of from about 10 Wh/kg to about 50 Wh/kg, a die pressure of from about 150 PSI to about 350 PSI, and/or a die temperature of from about 200° F. to about 350° F.; b. forming the protein matrix composition into pieces, and c. drying the protein matrix composition pieces to a moisture content of from about 1.5% to about 8% by weight to form ready to eat extruded pieces having visually distinguishable inclusions, a density of from about 0.5 g/cc to about 1.0 g/cc, a texture suitable for consumption without further preparation, and a loosely packed structure of non-linearly oriented agglomerations of protein, the protein being in an amount of about 30% to about 90% by weight of the extruded pieces, a protein matrix disruptive ingredient in an amount of from about 5% to about 50% by weight of the extruded pieces, oil in an amount of from about 4% to about 20% by weight of the extruded pieces, the oil substantially uniformly distributed throughout the extruded pieces. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the powdered protein ingredient comprises at least a portion of the protein matrix disruptive ingredient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein matrix disruptive ingredient comprises a flour or a syrup. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein matrix disruptive ingredient comprises a starch, a sugar, or a fiber. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the extruded pieces have a texture analysis measurement of from about 1000 g to about 7400 g force. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a sugar-based or protein-based coating to the extruded pieces to form coated pieces and drying the coated pieces. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a fat-based coating to the extruded pieces to form coated pieces and cooling the coated pieces. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the inclusions comprise nuts, seeds, fruit, grains, or coconut. 9. Ready to eat extruded pieces made by the method of claim 1. | The present disclosure relates to extruded protein products and methods for producing an extruded protein product. In particular, an extruded piece is disclosed having a high protein content and having a desirable texture and flavor. Methods for making an extruded piece include processing, under extrusion conditions, a combination of a powdered protein ingredient, a protein matrix disruptive ingredient, water, and an oil.1. A method of making ready to eat extruded pieces, comprising:
a. processing, under extrusion conditions, a powdered protein ingredient comprising at least 45% protein by weight of the powdered protein ingredient, a protein matrix disruptive ingredient, water, an oil, and inclusions to form a protein matrix composition having a protein content of from about 10% to about 65% by weight, a moisture content of from about 25% to about 55% by weight, an oil content of from about 1% to about 15% by weight, and inclusions in an amount of about 10% to about 50% by weight, wherein the extrusion conditions comprise a specific mechanical energy (SME) of from about 10 Wh/kg to about 50 Wh/kg, a die pressure of from about 150 PSI to about 350 PSI, and/or a die temperature of from about 200° F. to about 350° F.; b. forming the protein matrix composition into pieces, and c. drying the protein matrix composition pieces to a moisture content of from about 1.5% to about 8% by weight to form ready to eat extruded pieces having visually distinguishable inclusions, a density of from about 0.5 g/cc to about 1.0 g/cc, a texture suitable for consumption without further preparation, and a loosely packed structure of non-linearly oriented agglomerations of protein, the protein being in an amount of about 30% to about 90% by weight of the extruded pieces, a protein matrix disruptive ingredient in an amount of from about 5% to about 50% by weight of the extruded pieces, oil in an amount of from about 4% to about 20% by weight of the extruded pieces, the oil substantially uniformly distributed throughout the extruded pieces. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the powdered protein ingredient comprises at least a portion of the protein matrix disruptive ingredient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein matrix disruptive ingredient comprises a flour or a syrup. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein matrix disruptive ingredient comprises a starch, a sugar, or a fiber. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the extruded pieces have a texture analysis measurement of from about 1000 g to about 7400 g force. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a sugar-based or protein-based coating to the extruded pieces to form coated pieces and drying the coated pieces. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a fat-based coating to the extruded pieces to form coated pieces and cooling the coated pieces. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the inclusions comprise nuts, seeds, fruit, grains, or coconut. 9. Ready to eat extruded pieces made by the method of claim 1. | 1,700 |
343,968 | 16,803,392 | 1,759 | The objective of the invention is to provide a polycyclic aromatic compound in which solubility to a solvent, film formability, wet coatability, thermal stability, and in-plane orientation are improved. This objective is achieved by a light emission layer-forming composition comprising: as a first component, at least one type of dopant material selected from the group consisting of polycyclic aromatic compounds represented by general formula (A) and polycyclic aromatic oligomer compounds including a plurality of structures represented by general formula (A); as a second component, a specific low-molecular-weight host material; and, as a third component, at least one type of organic solvent. In formula (A), ring A, ring B, and ring C each independently represent an aryl ring or a hetero aryl ring, Y1 is B, and X1 and X2 each independently represent O or N—R wherein at least one of X1 and X2 is N—R. | 1. A polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following general formula (A) or a polycyclic aromatic multimer compound having a plurality of structures represented by the following general formula (A): 2. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein
each of the ring A, ring B, and ring C independently represents an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring, while at least one hydrogen atom in these rings may be substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted diheteroarylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted arylheteroarylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and each of these rings has a 5-membered or 6-membered ring sharing a bond with a fused bicyclic structure at the center of the above formula (A) constituted by Y1, X1, and X2, Y1 represents B, each of X1 and X2 independently represents O or N—R, while at least one of X1 and X2 represents N—R, R of the N—R is an aryl optionally substituted by an alkyl, a heteroaryl optionally substituted by an alkyl, or alkyl optionally substituted by an alkyl, R of the N—R may be bonded to the ring A, ring B, and/or ring C via —O—, —S—, —C(—R)2—, or a single bond, R in the —C(—R)2— represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, at least one hydrogen atom in a compound or a structure represented by the above formula (A) is substituted by a group represented by the above formula (FG-1), a group represented by the above formula (FG-2), or an alkyl having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, further any —CH2— in the alkyl may be substituted by —O— or —Si(CH3)2—, any —CH2— excluding —CH2— directly bonded to the compound or structure represented by the above formula (A) in the alkyl may be substituted by an arylene having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen atom in the alkyl may be substituted by a fluorine atom, and at least one hydrogen atom in the compound or structure represented by the above formula (A) may be further substituted by a halogen atom or a deuterium atom. 3. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein the above general formula (A) is represented by the following general formula (A′): 4. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 3, wherein
each of R1 to R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), at least one hydrogen atom in these may be further substituted by an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), adjacent groups among R1 to R11 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring having 9 to 16 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl ring having 6 to 15 carbon atoms together with ring a, ring b, or ring c, at least one hydrogen atom in the ring thus formed may be substituted by an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), at least one hydrogen atom in these may be further substituted by an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), Y1 represents B, each of X1 and X2 independently represents O or N—R, while at least one of X1 and X2 represents N—R, R of the N—R is an aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one hydrogen atom in a compound or a structure represented by the above formula (A′) is substituted by a group represented by the above formula (FG-1), a group represented by the above formula (FG-2), or an alkyl having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrogen atom in the compound or structure represented by the above formula (A′) may be further substituted by a halogen atom, or a deuterium atom. 5. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein the polycyclic aromatic multimer compound is a dimer compound or a trimer compound having two or three structures represented by the above formula (A). 6. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein the polycyclic aromatic multimer compound is a dimer compound having two structures represented by the above formula (A). 7. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein each X1 and X2 represents N—R. 8. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein X1 represents O, and X2 represents N—R. 9. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 3, wherein
in the above formula (A′), each of R1 to R11 independently represents any one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and groups represented by the following formulas (RG-1) to (RG-10), and the groups represented by the following formulas (RG-1) to (RG-10) are each bonded to the above formula (A′) at * 10. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein
the compound represented by the above formula (A) or multimer thereof or the compound represented by the above formula (A′) or the multimer thereof is a compound represented by the following formula (1-401-z), (1-411-z), (1-422-z), (1-447-z), (1-1152-z), (1-1159-z), (1-1201-z), (1-1210-z), (1-2623-z), or (1-2679-z) 11. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 10, wherein the compound represented by the above formula (A) or multimer thereof or the compound represented by the above formula (A′) or multimer thereof is a compound represented by the above formula (1-422-z), (1-1152-z), or (1-2679-z). 12. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the above formula (FG-1), each of m and n represents O, and p represents an integer from 1 to 3, and in the formula (FG-2), each m and n represents O. 13. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein at least one hydrogen atom in a compound or a structure represented by the above formula (A) is substituted by a group represented by the above formula (FG-1). | The objective of the invention is to provide a polycyclic aromatic compound in which solubility to a solvent, film formability, wet coatability, thermal stability, and in-plane orientation are improved. This objective is achieved by a light emission layer-forming composition comprising: as a first component, at least one type of dopant material selected from the group consisting of polycyclic aromatic compounds represented by general formula (A) and polycyclic aromatic oligomer compounds including a plurality of structures represented by general formula (A); as a second component, a specific low-molecular-weight host material; and, as a third component, at least one type of organic solvent. In formula (A), ring A, ring B, and ring C each independently represent an aryl ring or a hetero aryl ring, Y1 is B, and X1 and X2 each independently represent O or N—R wherein at least one of X1 and X2 is N—R.1. A polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following general formula (A) or a polycyclic aromatic multimer compound having a plurality of structures represented by the following general formula (A): 2. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein
each of the ring A, ring B, and ring C independently represents an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring, while at least one hydrogen atom in these rings may be substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted diheteroarylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted arylheteroarylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, and each of these rings has a 5-membered or 6-membered ring sharing a bond with a fused bicyclic structure at the center of the above formula (A) constituted by Y1, X1, and X2, Y1 represents B, each of X1 and X2 independently represents O or N—R, while at least one of X1 and X2 represents N—R, R of the N—R is an aryl optionally substituted by an alkyl, a heteroaryl optionally substituted by an alkyl, or alkyl optionally substituted by an alkyl, R of the N—R may be bonded to the ring A, ring B, and/or ring C via —O—, —S—, —C(—R)2—, or a single bond, R in the —C(—R)2— represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, at least one hydrogen atom in a compound or a structure represented by the above formula (A) is substituted by a group represented by the above formula (FG-1), a group represented by the above formula (FG-2), or an alkyl having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, further any —CH2— in the alkyl may be substituted by —O— or —Si(CH3)2—, any —CH2— excluding —CH2— directly bonded to the compound or structure represented by the above formula (A) in the alkyl may be substituted by an arylene having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen atom in the alkyl may be substituted by a fluorine atom, and at least one hydrogen atom in the compound or structure represented by the above formula (A) may be further substituted by a halogen atom or a deuterium atom. 3. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein the above general formula (A) is represented by the following general formula (A′): 4. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 3, wherein
each of R1 to R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), at least one hydrogen atom in these may be further substituted by an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), adjacent groups among R1 to R11 may be bonded to each other to form an aryl ring having 9 to 16 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl ring having 6 to 15 carbon atoms together with ring a, ring b, or ring c, at least one hydrogen atom in the ring thus formed may be substituted by an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), at least one hydrogen atom in these may be further substituted by an aryl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a diarylamino (the aryl is an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms), Y1 represents B, each of X1 and X2 independently represents O or N—R, while at least one of X1 and X2 represents N—R, R of the N—R is an aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one hydrogen atom in a compound or a structure represented by the above formula (A′) is substituted by a group represented by the above formula (FG-1), a group represented by the above formula (FG-2), or an alkyl having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrogen atom in the compound or structure represented by the above formula (A′) may be further substituted by a halogen atom, or a deuterium atom. 5. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein the polycyclic aromatic multimer compound is a dimer compound or a trimer compound having two or three structures represented by the above formula (A). 6. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein the polycyclic aromatic multimer compound is a dimer compound having two structures represented by the above formula (A). 7. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein each X1 and X2 represents N—R. 8. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein X1 represents O, and X2 represents N—R. 9. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 3, wherein
in the above formula (A′), each of R1 to R11 independently represents any one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and groups represented by the following formulas (RG-1) to (RG-10), and the groups represented by the following formulas (RG-1) to (RG-10) are each bonded to the above formula (A′) at * 10. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein
the compound represented by the above formula (A) or multimer thereof or the compound represented by the above formula (A′) or the multimer thereof is a compound represented by the following formula (1-401-z), (1-411-z), (1-422-z), (1-447-z), (1-1152-z), (1-1159-z), (1-1201-z), (1-1210-z), (1-2623-z), or (1-2679-z) 11. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 10, wherein the compound represented by the above formula (A) or multimer thereof or the compound represented by the above formula (A′) or multimer thereof is a compound represented by the above formula (1-422-z), (1-1152-z), or (1-2679-z). 12. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the above formula (FG-1), each of m and n represents O, and p represents an integer from 1 to 3, and in the formula (FG-2), each m and n represents O. 13. The polycyclic aromatic compound or the multimer thereof according to claim 1, wherein at least one hydrogen atom in a compound or a structure represented by the above formula (A) is substituted by a group represented by the above formula (FG-1). | 1,700 |
343,969 | 16,803,398 | 1,759 | A developing device includes a developer cartridge and a developing unit. The developer cartridge, in some instances, may include a shutter. This shutter may have a wall for closing a developer supply hole, and be movable, with respect to a developer cartridge casing, between an open position where the supply hole is opened by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. The shutter may further include a protrusion that is movable with respect to the wall of the shutter between a first position and a second position in an axial direction. The protrusion, in the first position, is engageable with a developing unit and, in the second position, would be disengaged from the developing unit. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a housing; a developing unit detachably attachable to the housing, the developing unit comprising:
a developing roller;
a developing part for accommodating the developing roller therein; and
a cartridge accommodating part in communication with the developing part via an opening; and
a toner cartridge detachably attachable to the cartridge accommodating part, the toner cartridge comprising:
an outer casing comprising:
a first chamber for accommodating toner;
a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber;
a supply hole for allowing the toner to pass therethrough;
a first agitator disposed in the first chamber, the first agitator being rotatable about a first axis to convey the toner from the first chamber to the second chamber;
a second agitator disposed in the second chamber, the second agitator being rotatable about a second axis to convey the toner out of the second chamber through the supply hole; and
an outer protrusion extending along the second axis,
wherein the toner cartridge is pivotable about the second axis between:
a first position where the toner cartridge is attachable to and detachable from the cartridge accommodating part and communication between the supply hole and the opening is interrupted, and
a second position where the toner cartridge is accommodated in the cartridge accommodating part to allow communication between the supply hole and the opening. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the toner cartridge further comprises an inner casing disposed inside the second chamber, the inner casing comprising:
a wall for closing the supply hole; and an inner protrusion extending along the second axis, wherein the inner casing is rotatable about the second axis relative to the outer casing between an open position where a least a part of the supply hole is opened and not covered by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when the inner casing is at the closed position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are aligned on a line, and
wherein, when the inner casing is at the open position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are not aligned on the line. 4. The toner cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the developing unit includes a groove engaged with the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is attached to the cartridge accommodating part, and
wherein the inner casing moves from the closed position to the open position when the toner cartridge pivots from the first position to the second position. 5. The toner cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the groove is disengaged from the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is detached from the cartridge accommodating part. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second agitator comprises an input part configured to receive driving force for rotating the second agitator. | A developing device includes a developer cartridge and a developing unit. The developer cartridge, in some instances, may include a shutter. This shutter may have a wall for closing a developer supply hole, and be movable, with respect to a developer cartridge casing, between an open position where the supply hole is opened by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. The shutter may further include a protrusion that is movable with respect to the wall of the shutter between a first position and a second position in an axial direction. The protrusion, in the first position, is engageable with a developing unit and, in the second position, would be disengaged from the developing unit.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a housing; a developing unit detachably attachable to the housing, the developing unit comprising:
a developing roller;
a developing part for accommodating the developing roller therein; and
a cartridge accommodating part in communication with the developing part via an opening; and
a toner cartridge detachably attachable to the cartridge accommodating part, the toner cartridge comprising:
an outer casing comprising:
a first chamber for accommodating toner;
a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber;
a supply hole for allowing the toner to pass therethrough;
a first agitator disposed in the first chamber, the first agitator being rotatable about a first axis to convey the toner from the first chamber to the second chamber;
a second agitator disposed in the second chamber, the second agitator being rotatable about a second axis to convey the toner out of the second chamber through the supply hole; and
an outer protrusion extending along the second axis,
wherein the toner cartridge is pivotable about the second axis between:
a first position where the toner cartridge is attachable to and detachable from the cartridge accommodating part and communication between the supply hole and the opening is interrupted, and
a second position where the toner cartridge is accommodated in the cartridge accommodating part to allow communication between the supply hole and the opening. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the toner cartridge further comprises an inner casing disposed inside the second chamber, the inner casing comprising:
a wall for closing the supply hole; and an inner protrusion extending along the second axis, wherein the inner casing is rotatable about the second axis relative to the outer casing between an open position where a least a part of the supply hole is opened and not covered by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when the inner casing is at the closed position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are aligned on a line, and
wherein, when the inner casing is at the open position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are not aligned on the line. 4. The toner cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the developing unit includes a groove engaged with the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is attached to the cartridge accommodating part, and
wherein the inner casing moves from the closed position to the open position when the toner cartridge pivots from the first position to the second position. 5. The toner cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the groove is disengaged from the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is detached from the cartridge accommodating part. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second agitator comprises an input part configured to receive driving force for rotating the second agitator. | 1,700 |
343,970 | 16,803,423 | 2,662 | A developing device includes a developer cartridge and a developing unit. The developer cartridge, in some instances, may include a shutter. This shutter may have a wall for closing a developer supply hole, and be movable, with respect to a developer cartridge casing, between an open position where the supply hole is opened by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. The shutter may further include a protrusion that is movable with respect to the wall of the shutter between a first position and a second position in an axial direction. The protrusion, in the first position, is engageable with a developing unit and, in the second position, would be disengaged from the developing unit. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a housing; a developing unit detachably attachable to the housing, the developing unit comprising:
a developing roller;
a developing part for accommodating the developing roller therein; and
a cartridge accommodating part in communication with the developing part via an opening; and
a toner cartridge detachably attachable to the cartridge accommodating part, the toner cartridge comprising:
an outer casing comprising:
a first chamber for accommodating toner;
a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber;
a supply hole for allowing the toner to pass therethrough;
a first agitator disposed in the first chamber, the first agitator being rotatable about a first axis to convey the toner from the first chamber to the second chamber;
a second agitator disposed in the second chamber, the second agitator being rotatable about a second axis to convey the toner out of the second chamber through the supply hole; and
an outer protrusion extending along the second axis,
wherein the toner cartridge is pivotable about the second axis between:
a first position where the toner cartridge is attachable to and detachable from the cartridge accommodating part and communication between the supply hole and the opening is interrupted, and
a second position where the toner cartridge is accommodated in the cartridge accommodating part to allow communication between the supply hole and the opening. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the toner cartridge further comprises an inner casing disposed inside the second chamber, the inner casing comprising:
a wall for closing the supply hole; and an inner protrusion extending along the second axis, wherein the inner casing is rotatable about the second axis relative to the outer casing between an open position where a least a part of the supply hole is opened and not covered by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when the inner casing is at the closed position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are aligned on a line, and
wherein, when the inner casing is at the open position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are not aligned on the line. 4. The toner cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the developing unit includes a groove engaged with the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is attached to the cartridge accommodating part, and
wherein the inner casing moves from the closed position to the open position when the toner cartridge pivots from the first position to the second position. 5. The toner cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the groove is disengaged from the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is detached from the cartridge accommodating part. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second agitator comprises an input part configured to receive driving force for rotating the second agitator. | A developing device includes a developer cartridge and a developing unit. The developer cartridge, in some instances, may include a shutter. This shutter may have a wall for closing a developer supply hole, and be movable, with respect to a developer cartridge casing, between an open position where the supply hole is opened by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. The shutter may further include a protrusion that is movable with respect to the wall of the shutter between a first position and a second position in an axial direction. The protrusion, in the first position, is engageable with a developing unit and, in the second position, would be disengaged from the developing unit.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a housing; a developing unit detachably attachable to the housing, the developing unit comprising:
a developing roller;
a developing part for accommodating the developing roller therein; and
a cartridge accommodating part in communication with the developing part via an opening; and
a toner cartridge detachably attachable to the cartridge accommodating part, the toner cartridge comprising:
an outer casing comprising:
a first chamber for accommodating toner;
a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber;
a supply hole for allowing the toner to pass therethrough;
a first agitator disposed in the first chamber, the first agitator being rotatable about a first axis to convey the toner from the first chamber to the second chamber;
a second agitator disposed in the second chamber, the second agitator being rotatable about a second axis to convey the toner out of the second chamber through the supply hole; and
an outer protrusion extending along the second axis,
wherein the toner cartridge is pivotable about the second axis between:
a first position where the toner cartridge is attachable to and detachable from the cartridge accommodating part and communication between the supply hole and the opening is interrupted, and
a second position where the toner cartridge is accommodated in the cartridge accommodating part to allow communication between the supply hole and the opening. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the toner cartridge further comprises an inner casing disposed inside the second chamber, the inner casing comprising:
a wall for closing the supply hole; and an inner protrusion extending along the second axis, wherein the inner casing is rotatable about the second axis relative to the outer casing between an open position where a least a part of the supply hole is opened and not covered by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when the inner casing is at the closed position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are aligned on a line, and
wherein, when the inner casing is at the open position, the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion are not aligned on the line. 4. The toner cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the developing unit includes a groove engaged with the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is attached to the cartridge accommodating part, and
wherein the inner casing moves from the closed position to the open position when the toner cartridge pivots from the first position to the second position. 5. The toner cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the groove is disengaged from the inner protrusion in a state where the toner cartridge is detached from the cartridge accommodating part. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second agitator comprises an input part configured to receive driving force for rotating the second agitator. | 2,600 |
343,971 | 16,803,410 | 2,662 | System and method for adjusting timing error in a mobile device. In the mobile device, a crystal oscillator (XO) is used by a system timer as the timing source. When the mobile device enters into a sleep mode, the system timer is set to time the duration of the sleep mode. During the sleep mode, a thermistor is used to measure and monitor the temperature changes of the XO. After the sleep mode is over, a processor in the mobile device determines the frequency changes of the XO based on the temperature changes of the XO. Based on the frequency changes of the XO, the processor determines the timing error that may have occurred when the system timer was timing the sleep mode and determines the actual duration of the sleep mode by adjusting the duration timed by the system timer based on the timing error. | 1. A method of adjusting a timing error in a mobile device, the method comprising:
setting a timer to time a duration; measuring temperature changes of an oscillator used as a source for the timer during the duration; determining frequency changes of the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the temperature changes; and determining the timing error of the timer while timing the duration based on the frequency changes of the oscillator. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
locating a satellite based on the actual duration. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the measured temperature changes in a memory; and filtering the stored temperature changes. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
ignoring the stored temperature changes if a change in the temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature changes are measured by a thermistor. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
entering into the sleep mode after the setting of the timer; and waking up from the sleep mode after the timer finishes timing the duration. 9. A mobile device comprising:
an oscillator; a timer coupled to the oscillator to receive oscillation signals from the oscillator; a thermistor coupled to the oscillator to measure temperature changes of the oscillator; and a processor configured to:
set the timer to time a duration;
determine frequency changes of the oscillation signals from the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the measured temperature changes that occurred during the duration; and
determine a timing error of the timer that occurred while timing the duration based on the determined frequency changes of the oscillator. 10. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 11. The mobile device of claim 10, further comprising:
a navigation engine configured to locate a satellite based on the actual duration. 12. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to store the measured temperature changes in a memory and filter the stored temperature changes. 13. The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to ignore the stored temperature changes if a change in the stored temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 14. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. 15. The mobile device of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to enter the mobile device into the sleep mode after setting the timer and wake up the mobile device from the sleep mode after the timer has finished timing the duration. 16. A mobile device comprising:
means for setting a timer to time a duration; means for measuring temperature changes of an oscillator used as a source for the timer during the duration; means for determining frequency changes of the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the temperature changes; and means for determining a timing error of the timer while timing the duration based on the determined frequency changes of the oscillator. 17. The mobile device of claim 16, further comprising:
means for determining an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 18. The mobile device of claim 17, further comprising:
means for locating a satellite based on the actual duration. 19. The mobile device of claim 16, further comprising:
means for storing the measured temperature changes in a memory; and means for filtering the stored temperature changes. 20. The mobile device of claim 19, further comprising:
means for ignoring the stored temperature changes if a change in the stored temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 21. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the temperature changes are measured by a thermistor. 22. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. 23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform operations for adjusting a timing error in a mobile device, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising:
code for setting a timer to time a duration; code for measuring temperature changes of an oscillator used as a source for the timer during the duration; code for determining frequency changes of the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the temperature changes; and code for determining the timing error of the timer while timing the duration based on the frequency changes of the oscillator. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, further comprising:
code for determining an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 24, further comprising:
code for locating a satellite based on the actual duration. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, further comprising:
code for storing the measured temperature changes in a memory; and code for filtering the stored temperature changes. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, further comprising:
code for ignoring the stored temperature changes if a change in the stored temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. | System and method for adjusting timing error in a mobile device. In the mobile device, a crystal oscillator (XO) is used by a system timer as the timing source. When the mobile device enters into a sleep mode, the system timer is set to time the duration of the sleep mode. During the sleep mode, a thermistor is used to measure and monitor the temperature changes of the XO. After the sleep mode is over, a processor in the mobile device determines the frequency changes of the XO based on the temperature changes of the XO. Based on the frequency changes of the XO, the processor determines the timing error that may have occurred when the system timer was timing the sleep mode and determines the actual duration of the sleep mode by adjusting the duration timed by the system timer based on the timing error.1. A method of adjusting a timing error in a mobile device, the method comprising:
setting a timer to time a duration; measuring temperature changes of an oscillator used as a source for the timer during the duration; determining frequency changes of the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the temperature changes; and determining the timing error of the timer while timing the duration based on the frequency changes of the oscillator. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
locating a satellite based on the actual duration. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the measured temperature changes in a memory; and filtering the stored temperature changes. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
ignoring the stored temperature changes if a change in the temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature changes are measured by a thermistor. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
entering into the sleep mode after the setting of the timer; and waking up from the sleep mode after the timer finishes timing the duration. 9. A mobile device comprising:
an oscillator; a timer coupled to the oscillator to receive oscillation signals from the oscillator; a thermistor coupled to the oscillator to measure temperature changes of the oscillator; and a processor configured to:
set the timer to time a duration;
determine frequency changes of the oscillation signals from the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the measured temperature changes that occurred during the duration; and
determine a timing error of the timer that occurred while timing the duration based on the determined frequency changes of the oscillator. 10. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 11. The mobile device of claim 10, further comprising:
a navigation engine configured to locate a satellite based on the actual duration. 12. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to store the measured temperature changes in a memory and filter the stored temperature changes. 13. The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to ignore the stored temperature changes if a change in the stored temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 14. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. 15. The mobile device of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to enter the mobile device into the sleep mode after setting the timer and wake up the mobile device from the sleep mode after the timer has finished timing the duration. 16. A mobile device comprising:
means for setting a timer to time a duration; means for measuring temperature changes of an oscillator used as a source for the timer during the duration; means for determining frequency changes of the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the temperature changes; and means for determining a timing error of the timer while timing the duration based on the determined frequency changes of the oscillator. 17. The mobile device of claim 16, further comprising:
means for determining an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 18. The mobile device of claim 17, further comprising:
means for locating a satellite based on the actual duration. 19. The mobile device of claim 16, further comprising:
means for storing the measured temperature changes in a memory; and means for filtering the stored temperature changes. 20. The mobile device of claim 19, further comprising:
means for ignoring the stored temperature changes if a change in the stored temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 21. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the temperature changes are measured by a thermistor. 22. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. 23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform operations for adjusting a timing error in a mobile device, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising:
code for setting a timer to time a duration; code for measuring temperature changes of an oscillator used as a source for the timer during the duration; code for determining frequency changes of the oscillator that occurred during the duration based on the temperature changes; and code for determining the timing error of the timer while timing the duration based on the frequency changes of the oscillator. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, further comprising:
code for determining an actual duration by adjusting the duration based on the determined timing error. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 24, further comprising:
code for locating a satellite based on the actual duration. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, further comprising:
code for storing the measured temperature changes in a memory; and code for filtering the stored temperature changes. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, further comprising:
code for ignoring the stored temperature changes if a change in the stored temperature changes exceeds a predetermined threshold. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the duration corresponds to a time of a sleep mode of the mobile device. | 2,600 |
343,972 | 16,803,409 | 2,662 | A device for charging an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a charging inlet for receiving charging information and power from electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE); a control module for determining a charging mode on the basis of the charging information, and outputting a control signal according to the determined charging mode; and a charging unit for charging a battery of the electric vehicle according to the control signal from the control module. | 1. A charging control device for an electric vehicle, the charging control device comprising:
a first communication channel configured to be connected with an EVSE (electric vehicle supply equipment); a second communication channel configured to be connected with the EVSE; a third communication channel configured to be connected with an ECU (electronic control unit) of the electric vehicle; and a controller configured to be connected with the first communication channel, the second communication channel, and the third communication channel, to generate a signal for controlling charging of a battery using a signal received through the first communication channel or the second communication channel, and to transmit the signal for controlling the charging of the battery to the ECU through the third communication channel. 2. The charging control device of claim 1, wherein the first communication channel and the second communication channel is based on different protocols from each other. 3. The charging control device of claim 2, wherein the first communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting at least one of power line communication (PLC) and pulse width modulation (PWM), and the second communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting a controller area network (CAN). 4. The charging control device of claim 3, wherein the protocol for the first communication channel complies with combined charging system (CCS) standards, and the protocol for the second communication channel complies with CHArge de Move (CHAdeMo) standards or the China EV charging standards. 5. The charging control device of claim 3, wherein the third communication channel is based on the protocol of supporting the CAN. 6. The charging control device of claim 3, wherein the controller processes a signal received through the first communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the PLC and processes a signal received through the second communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the CAN. 7. A charging device for an electric vehicle, the charging device comprising:
a control pilot (CP) port configured to receive a CP signal through a charging cable connected to an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE); and a charging controller including a first communication channel configured to be connected with the CP port and be connected to the EVSE via the CP port; a second communication channel configured to be connected with the EVSE; a third communication channel configured to be connected with an electronic control unit (ECU) of the electric vehicle; and a control unit connected with the first communication channel, the second communication channel, and the third communication channel, configured to generate a signal for controlling charging of a battery using a signal received through the first communication channel or the second communication channel, and configured to transmit the signal for controlling the charging of the battery to the ECU through the third communication channel. 8. The charging device of claim 7, further comprising a proximity detection (PD) port for detecting proximity of the charging cable to a connector, and a protective earth (PE) port connected with a ground of the EVSE. 9. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the first communication channel and the second communication channel is based on different protocols from each other. 10. The charging device of claim 9, wherein the first communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting at least one of power line communication (PLC) and pulse width modulation (PWM), and the second communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting a controller area network (CAN). 11. The charging device of claim 10, wherein the third communication channel is based on the protocol of supporting the CAN. 12. The charging device of claim 10, wherein the control unit processes a signal received through the first communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the PLC and processes a signal received through the second communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the CAN. 13. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises a fourth communication channel to be connected with a diagnosis section of the electric vehicle. 14. The charging device of claim 13, wherein the fourth communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting a controller area network (CAN). 15. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises an equipment control unit to be connected to a charging-related equipment of the electric vehicle. 16. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises a safety control unit to be connected to a safety-related equipment of the electric vehicle. 17. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises a sensor control unit to be connected to a sensor of the electric vehicle. | A device for charging an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a charging inlet for receiving charging information and power from electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE); a control module for determining a charging mode on the basis of the charging information, and outputting a control signal according to the determined charging mode; and a charging unit for charging a battery of the electric vehicle according to the control signal from the control module.1. A charging control device for an electric vehicle, the charging control device comprising:
a first communication channel configured to be connected with an EVSE (electric vehicle supply equipment); a second communication channel configured to be connected with the EVSE; a third communication channel configured to be connected with an ECU (electronic control unit) of the electric vehicle; and a controller configured to be connected with the first communication channel, the second communication channel, and the third communication channel, to generate a signal for controlling charging of a battery using a signal received through the first communication channel or the second communication channel, and to transmit the signal for controlling the charging of the battery to the ECU through the third communication channel. 2. The charging control device of claim 1, wherein the first communication channel and the second communication channel is based on different protocols from each other. 3. The charging control device of claim 2, wherein the first communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting at least one of power line communication (PLC) and pulse width modulation (PWM), and the second communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting a controller area network (CAN). 4. The charging control device of claim 3, wherein the protocol for the first communication channel complies with combined charging system (CCS) standards, and the protocol for the second communication channel complies with CHArge de Move (CHAdeMo) standards or the China EV charging standards. 5. The charging control device of claim 3, wherein the third communication channel is based on the protocol of supporting the CAN. 6. The charging control device of claim 3, wherein the controller processes a signal received through the first communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the PLC and processes a signal received through the second communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the CAN. 7. A charging device for an electric vehicle, the charging device comprising:
a control pilot (CP) port configured to receive a CP signal through a charging cable connected to an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE); and a charging controller including a first communication channel configured to be connected with the CP port and be connected to the EVSE via the CP port; a second communication channel configured to be connected with the EVSE; a third communication channel configured to be connected with an electronic control unit (ECU) of the electric vehicle; and a control unit connected with the first communication channel, the second communication channel, and the third communication channel, configured to generate a signal for controlling charging of a battery using a signal received through the first communication channel or the second communication channel, and configured to transmit the signal for controlling the charging of the battery to the ECU through the third communication channel. 8. The charging device of claim 7, further comprising a proximity detection (PD) port for detecting proximity of the charging cable to a connector, and a protective earth (PE) port connected with a ground of the EVSE. 9. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the first communication channel and the second communication channel is based on different protocols from each other. 10. The charging device of claim 9, wherein the first communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting at least one of power line communication (PLC) and pulse width modulation (PWM), and the second communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting a controller area network (CAN). 11. The charging device of claim 10, wherein the third communication channel is based on the protocol of supporting the CAN. 12. The charging device of claim 10, wherein the control unit processes a signal received through the first communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the PLC and processes a signal received through the second communication channel in accordance with the protocol of supporting the CAN. 13. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises a fourth communication channel to be connected with a diagnosis section of the electric vehicle. 14. The charging device of claim 13, wherein the fourth communication channel is based on a protocol of supporting a controller area network (CAN). 15. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises an equipment control unit to be connected to a charging-related equipment of the electric vehicle. 16. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises a safety control unit to be connected to a safety-related equipment of the electric vehicle. 17. The charging device of claim 7, wherein the charging controller further comprises a sensor control unit to be connected to a sensor of the electric vehicle. | 2,600 |
343,973 | 16,803,402 | 2,662 | An object count estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory. The one or more hardware processors are configured to: obtain an image; set, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and estimate an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. | 1. An object count estimation apparatus comprising:
a memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory and configured to:
obtain an image;
set, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and
estimate an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors carry out the estimation of the object count by using:
a learning model for deriving an estimation result of an object count in an area having the local area size in the image by repeatedly performing a convolution operation on the image; the image; and the set local area size. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
rebuild a reference learning model into the learning model for deriving the estimation result of a local area having the set local area size, the reference learning model being for deriving, from the image, the estimation result of each of local areas having a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other by repeatedly performing a convolution operation on the image; and carry out the estimation of the object count in the image by using the post-rebuilding learning model and the image. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
learn the reference learning model for deriving the estimation result from a teacher image by using teacher data representing correspondence between the teacher image including position information of objects and distribution information representing existence probability distribution of objects, and an object count estimated from each reduced image obtained by reducing the teacher image to have one of a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other; rebuild the reference learning model into the learning model for deriving the estimation result estimated from the reduced images having the set local area size; and carry out the estimation of the object count in the image by using the post-rebuilding learning model and the image. 5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
output an output image including a list of the estimation results obtained by estimating an object count in the image for each local area having one of a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other; receive a user selection on the estimation result included in the output image; and carry out the setting of the local area size based on the received estimation result. 6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors carry out the setting of the local area size by setting a local area size that corresponds to an estimation result closest to a correct object count in the image obtained in advance from among the estimation results obtained by estimating an object count in the image for each of local areas having a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
set a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other; and estimate, as the estimation result, a weighted sum of object counts of areas having the set local area sizes in the image, the object counts being estimated for each set local area size. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
set the local area sizes different from each other in mutually-different areas in the image; and estimate, for each of the mutually-different areas in the image, an object count in each local area having the local area size set for the corresponding area. 9. An object count estimation method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
obtaining an image; setting, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and estimating an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. 10. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
obtain an image; set, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and estimate an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. | An object count estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory. The one or more hardware processors are configured to: obtain an image; set, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and estimate an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size.1. An object count estimation apparatus comprising:
a memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory and configured to:
obtain an image;
set, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and
estimate an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors carry out the estimation of the object count by using:
a learning model for deriving an estimation result of an object count in an area having the local area size in the image by repeatedly performing a convolution operation on the image; the image; and the set local area size. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
rebuild a reference learning model into the learning model for deriving the estimation result of a local area having the set local area size, the reference learning model being for deriving, from the image, the estimation result of each of local areas having a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other by repeatedly performing a convolution operation on the image; and carry out the estimation of the object count in the image by using the post-rebuilding learning model and the image. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
learn the reference learning model for deriving the estimation result from a teacher image by using teacher data representing correspondence between the teacher image including position information of objects and distribution information representing existence probability distribution of objects, and an object count estimated from each reduced image obtained by reducing the teacher image to have one of a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other; rebuild the reference learning model into the learning model for deriving the estimation result estimated from the reduced images having the set local area size; and carry out the estimation of the object count in the image by using the post-rebuilding learning model and the image. 5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
output an output image including a list of the estimation results obtained by estimating an object count in the image for each local area having one of a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other; receive a user selection on the estimation result included in the output image; and carry out the setting of the local area size based on the received estimation result. 6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors carry out the setting of the local area size by setting a local area size that corresponds to an estimation result closest to a correct object count in the image obtained in advance from among the estimation results obtained by estimating an object count in the image for each of local areas having a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
set a plurality of the local area sizes different from each other; and estimate, as the estimation result, a weighted sum of object counts of areas having the set local area sizes in the image, the object counts being estimated for each set local area size. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors:
set the local area sizes different from each other in mutually-different areas in the image; and estimate, for each of the mutually-different areas in the image, an object count in each local area having the local area size set for the corresponding area. 9. An object count estimation method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
obtaining an image; setting, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and estimating an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. 10. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
obtain an image; set, based on the image, a local area size representing a unit of object count estimation in the image; and estimate an object count in the image for each local area having the set local area size. | 2,600 |
343,974 | 16,803,430 | 2,662 | A sensor package structure includes a substrate, a sensor chip disposed on the substrate, a light permeable layer arranged above the sensor chip, and a glue layer formed on the substrate. The light permeable layer includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of lateral surfaces. The top surface has a plurality of edges respectively connected to the lateral surfaces covered by the glue layer. The glue layer includes a top curved surface having a top edge connected to the edges, and defines a plurality of tangent planes respectively passing through the edges and being tangent to the top curved surface. Between any one of the lateral surfaces and the adjacent one of the tangent planes, there exists an angle ranging from 38 to 53 degrees. And a difference between any two of the angles is equal to or less than 8 degrees. | 1. A sensor package structure, comprising:
a substrate having a first board surface and a second board surface that is opposite to the first board surface; a sensor chip disposed on the first board surface of the substrate and electrically coupled to the substrate, wherein an upper surface of the sensor chip has a sensing region; a light permeable layer arranged above the sensor chip and including a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of lateral surfaces connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the top surface has a plurality of edges respectively connected to the lateral surfaces, and the bottom surface of the light permeable layer faces toward the sensing region of the sensor chip; and a glue layer formed on the first board surface of the substrate and fixing the light permeable layer, wherein a peripheral portion of the sensor chip is embedded in the glue layer, the lateral surfaces of the light permeable layer are covered by the glue layer, and the top surface of the light permeable layer is exposed from the glue layer, wherein the glue layer includes a curved top surface having an inner top edge connected to the edges of the top surface of the light permeable layer, the glue layer defines a plurality of tangent planes being tangent to the curved top surface and respectively passing through the edges, and between any one of the lateral surfaces and the adjacent one of the tangent planes, there exists an angle, and a difference between any two of the angles in the glue layer is less than or equal to 8 degrees, and any one of the angles is within a range of 38-53 degrees. 2. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein a difference between any adjacent two of the angles in the glue layer is less than or equal to 3 degrees. 3. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein a difference between any adjacent two of the angles in the glue layer is within a range of 1-5 degrees. 4. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein the glue layer includes:
a supporting body sandwiched between the upper surface of the sensor chip and the bottom surface of the light permeable layer, wherein the supporting body surrounds the sensing region, so that the upper surface of the sensor chip, the bottom surface of the light permeable layer, and the supporting layer jointly define an enclosed space, and wherein the sensing region is arranged in the enclosed space; and a package body covering the lateral surfaces of the light permeable layer and including the curved top surface, wherein the sensor chip and the supporting body are embedded in the package body. 5. The sensor package structure according to claim 4, wherein the substrate includes a plurality of first pads disposed on the first board surface, and the sensor chip includes a plurality of second pads disposed on the upper surface and arranged around the sensing region, and wherein the sensor package structure includes a plurality of metal wires, terminals at one end of the metal wires are connected to the first pads, terminals at another end of the metal wires are connected to the second pads, and each of the metal wires is at least partially embedded in the package body. 6. The sensor package structure according to claim 5, wherein the second pads are embedded in the supporting body, and a part of each of the metal wires is embedded in the supporting body. 7. The sensor package structure according to claim 5, wherein the second pads are arranged outside of the supporting body, and each of the metal wires is entirely embedded in the package body. 8. The sensor package structure according to claim 4, wherein the package body is a solidified liquid compound. 9. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein no cracks are formed on the light permeable layer after the sensor package structure goes through a thermal cycling test according to condition B of the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) standard. 10. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein the top surface of the light permeable layer is perpendicularly connected to each of the lateral surfaces. | A sensor package structure includes a substrate, a sensor chip disposed on the substrate, a light permeable layer arranged above the sensor chip, and a glue layer formed on the substrate. The light permeable layer includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of lateral surfaces. The top surface has a plurality of edges respectively connected to the lateral surfaces covered by the glue layer. The glue layer includes a top curved surface having a top edge connected to the edges, and defines a plurality of tangent planes respectively passing through the edges and being tangent to the top curved surface. Between any one of the lateral surfaces and the adjacent one of the tangent planes, there exists an angle ranging from 38 to 53 degrees. And a difference between any two of the angles is equal to or less than 8 degrees.1. A sensor package structure, comprising:
a substrate having a first board surface and a second board surface that is opposite to the first board surface; a sensor chip disposed on the first board surface of the substrate and electrically coupled to the substrate, wherein an upper surface of the sensor chip has a sensing region; a light permeable layer arranged above the sensor chip and including a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of lateral surfaces connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the top surface has a plurality of edges respectively connected to the lateral surfaces, and the bottom surface of the light permeable layer faces toward the sensing region of the sensor chip; and a glue layer formed on the first board surface of the substrate and fixing the light permeable layer, wherein a peripheral portion of the sensor chip is embedded in the glue layer, the lateral surfaces of the light permeable layer are covered by the glue layer, and the top surface of the light permeable layer is exposed from the glue layer, wherein the glue layer includes a curved top surface having an inner top edge connected to the edges of the top surface of the light permeable layer, the glue layer defines a plurality of tangent planes being tangent to the curved top surface and respectively passing through the edges, and between any one of the lateral surfaces and the adjacent one of the tangent planes, there exists an angle, and a difference between any two of the angles in the glue layer is less than or equal to 8 degrees, and any one of the angles is within a range of 38-53 degrees. 2. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein a difference between any adjacent two of the angles in the glue layer is less than or equal to 3 degrees. 3. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein a difference between any adjacent two of the angles in the glue layer is within a range of 1-5 degrees. 4. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein the glue layer includes:
a supporting body sandwiched between the upper surface of the sensor chip and the bottom surface of the light permeable layer, wherein the supporting body surrounds the sensing region, so that the upper surface of the sensor chip, the bottom surface of the light permeable layer, and the supporting layer jointly define an enclosed space, and wherein the sensing region is arranged in the enclosed space; and a package body covering the lateral surfaces of the light permeable layer and including the curved top surface, wherein the sensor chip and the supporting body are embedded in the package body. 5. The sensor package structure according to claim 4, wherein the substrate includes a plurality of first pads disposed on the first board surface, and the sensor chip includes a plurality of second pads disposed on the upper surface and arranged around the sensing region, and wherein the sensor package structure includes a plurality of metal wires, terminals at one end of the metal wires are connected to the first pads, terminals at another end of the metal wires are connected to the second pads, and each of the metal wires is at least partially embedded in the package body. 6. The sensor package structure according to claim 5, wherein the second pads are embedded in the supporting body, and a part of each of the metal wires is embedded in the supporting body. 7. The sensor package structure according to claim 5, wherein the second pads are arranged outside of the supporting body, and each of the metal wires is entirely embedded in the package body. 8. The sensor package structure according to claim 4, wherein the package body is a solidified liquid compound. 9. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein no cracks are formed on the light permeable layer after the sensor package structure goes through a thermal cycling test according to condition B of the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) standard. 10. The sensor package structure according to claim 1, wherein the top surface of the light permeable layer is perpendicularly connected to each of the lateral surfaces. | 2,600 |
343,975 | 16,803,401 | 2,827 | A method of improving stability of a memory device having a controller configured to program each of a plurality of non-volatile memory cells within a range of programming states bounded by a minimum program state and a maximum program state. The method includes testing the memory cells to confirm the memory cells are operational, programming each of the memory cells to a mid-program state, and baking the memory device at a high temperature while the memory cells are programmed to the mid-program state. Each memory cell has a first threshold voltage when programmed in the minimum program state, a second threshold voltage when programmed in the maximum program state, and a third threshold voltage when programmed in the mid-program state. The third threshold voltage is substantially at a mid-point between the first and second threshold voltages, and corresponds to a substantially logarithmic mid-point of read currents. | 1. A method of improving stability of a memory device that includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells and a controller configured to program each of the memory cells within a range of programming states bounded by a minimum program state and a maximum program state, the method comprising:
testing the memory cells to confirm the memory cells are operational; programming each of the memory cells to a mid-program state; and baking the memory device at a high temperature while the memory cells are programmed to the mid-program state; wherein, for each of the memory cells:
the memory cell has a first threshold voltage when programmed in the minimum program state,
the memory cell has a second threshold voltage when programmed in the maximum program state, and
the memory cell has a third threshold voltage when programmed in the mid-program state,
wherein the third threshold voltage is substantially at a mid-point between the first and second threshold voltages. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between, a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region, and a control gate disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. 4. A method of improving stability of a memory device that includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells each including at least a floating gate disposed over and insulated from a channel region of a semiconductor substrate and a control gate disposed over and insulated from the floating gate, and a controller configured to program each of the memory cells within a range of programming states bounded by a minimum program state and a maximum program state, and to read each of the memory cells using a read voltage applied to the control gate, the method comprising:
testing the memory cells to confirm the memory cells are operational; programming each of the memory cells to a mid-program state; and baking the memory device at a high temperature while the memory cells are programmed to the mid-program state; wherein, for each of the memory cells:
the memory cell produces a first read current during a read operation using the read voltage applied to the control gate when programmed in the minimum program state,
the memory cell produces a second read current during a read operation using the read voltage applied to the control gate when programmed in the maximum program state, and
the memory cell produces a third read current during a read operation using the read voltage applied to the control gate when programmed in the mid-program state,
wherein the third read current is substantially at a logarithmic mid-point between the first and second read currents. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with the channel region of the substrate extending there between, the floating gate is disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. | A method of improving stability of a memory device having a controller configured to program each of a plurality of non-volatile memory cells within a range of programming states bounded by a minimum program state and a maximum program state. The method includes testing the memory cells to confirm the memory cells are operational, programming each of the memory cells to a mid-program state, and baking the memory device at a high temperature while the memory cells are programmed to the mid-program state. Each memory cell has a first threshold voltage when programmed in the minimum program state, a second threshold voltage when programmed in the maximum program state, and a third threshold voltage when programmed in the mid-program state. The third threshold voltage is substantially at a mid-point between the first and second threshold voltages, and corresponds to a substantially logarithmic mid-point of read currents.1. A method of improving stability of a memory device that includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells and a controller configured to program each of the memory cells within a range of programming states bounded by a minimum program state and a maximum program state, the method comprising:
testing the memory cells to confirm the memory cells are operational; programming each of the memory cells to a mid-program state; and baking the memory device at a high temperature while the memory cells are programmed to the mid-program state; wherein, for each of the memory cells:
the memory cell has a first threshold voltage when programmed in the minimum program state,
the memory cell has a second threshold voltage when programmed in the maximum program state, and
the memory cell has a third threshold voltage when programmed in the mid-program state,
wherein the third threshold voltage is substantially at a mid-point between the first and second threshold voltages. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between, a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region, and a control gate disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. 4. A method of improving stability of a memory device that includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells each including at least a floating gate disposed over and insulated from a channel region of a semiconductor substrate and a control gate disposed over and insulated from the floating gate, and a controller configured to program each of the memory cells within a range of programming states bounded by a minimum program state and a maximum program state, and to read each of the memory cells using a read voltage applied to the control gate, the method comprising:
testing the memory cells to confirm the memory cells are operational; programming each of the memory cells to a mid-program state; and baking the memory device at a high temperature while the memory cells are programmed to the mid-program state; wherein, for each of the memory cells:
the memory cell produces a first read current during a read operation using the read voltage applied to the control gate when programmed in the minimum program state,
the memory cell produces a second read current during a read operation using the read voltage applied to the control gate when programmed in the maximum program state, and
the memory cell produces a third read current during a read operation using the read voltage applied to the control gate when programmed in the mid-program state,
wherein the third read current is substantially at a logarithmic mid-point between the first and second read currents. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein each of the memory cells comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with the channel region of the substrate extending there between, the floating gate is disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region, a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region. | 2,800 |
343,976 | 16,803,417 | 2,827 | A cacao raw material-containing frozen dessert has a moisture content of 50 mass % or more, and contains 8 mass % or more of a cocoa butter component or 15 mass % or more of cocoa liquor and 0.1 to 4.5 mass % of a water-soluble dietary fiber and/or a dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 450 or more. | 1. A frozen dessert having a moisture content of 50 mass % or more, comprising: 8 mass % or more of a cocoa butter component; and 0.1 to 4.5 mass % of a water-soluble dietary fiber and/or a dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 450 or more. 2. A frozen dessert having a moisture content of 50 mass % or more, comprising: 15 mass % or more of cocoa liquor; and 0.1 to 4.5 mass % of a water-soluble dietary fiber and/or a dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 450 or more. 3. The frozen dessert according to claim 1, which comprises 15 mass % or more of a cacao component. 4. The frozen dessert according to claim 1, wherein frozen dessert mix viscosity at 5° C. after 16 hours of aging is less than 2,000 mPa·s, and frozen dessert hardness at −18° C. is 9 kgf or less. 5. The frozen dessert according to claim 2, which comprises 15 mass % or more of a cacao component. 6. The frozen dessert according to claim 2, wherein frozen dessert mix viscosity at 5° C. after 16 hours of aging is less than 2,000 mPa·s, and frozen dessert hardness at −18° C. is 9 kgf or less. | A cacao raw material-containing frozen dessert has a moisture content of 50 mass % or more, and contains 8 mass % or more of a cocoa butter component or 15 mass % or more of cocoa liquor and 0.1 to 4.5 mass % of a water-soluble dietary fiber and/or a dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 450 or more.1. A frozen dessert having a moisture content of 50 mass % or more, comprising: 8 mass % or more of a cocoa butter component; and 0.1 to 4.5 mass % of a water-soluble dietary fiber and/or a dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 450 or more. 2. A frozen dessert having a moisture content of 50 mass % or more, comprising: 15 mass % or more of cocoa liquor; and 0.1 to 4.5 mass % of a water-soluble dietary fiber and/or a dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 450 or more. 3. The frozen dessert according to claim 1, which comprises 15 mass % or more of a cacao component. 4. The frozen dessert according to claim 1, wherein frozen dessert mix viscosity at 5° C. after 16 hours of aging is less than 2,000 mPa·s, and frozen dessert hardness at −18° C. is 9 kgf or less. 5. The frozen dessert according to claim 2, which comprises 15 mass % or more of a cacao component. 6. The frozen dessert according to claim 2, wherein frozen dessert mix viscosity at 5° C. after 16 hours of aging is less than 2,000 mPa·s, and frozen dessert hardness at −18° C. is 9 kgf or less. | 2,800 |
343,977 | 16,803,446 | 2,827 | A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array, a page buffer including a first latch configured to store data to be programmed in a first state, a second latch configured to store the data in a second state, and a third latch configured to store the data in a third state when the data is received from an external apparatus, and a control logic configured to control the page buffer to store the data of the first state in the first latch, the data of the second state in the second latch, and the data of the third state in the third latch when a multi-conversion program command and the data are received from the external apparatus. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells; a page buffer; and a control logic configured to control the page buffer: to perform a multi-conversion program operation including converting single level data into multi-level data and programming the converted multi-level data into the memory cell array, and to perform a single conversion read operation including reading the multi-level data from the memory cell array and converting the read multi-level data into the single level data. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the page buffer includes a plurality of latch groups connected to each of the plurality of the memory cells, and
wherein each of the plurality of the latch groups includes a plurality of latches. 3. The memory device of claim 2, wherein the control logic controls the page buffer to store the single level data into a selected one latch among the latches of each of the latch groups and store changed single level data obtained by changing bit values of the single level data into remaining latches other than the selected one latch among the latches. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the changed single level data includes one of inverted single level data obtained by inverting the bit values of the single level data and an XOR-operated single level data obtained by performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the single level data and preset bit values. 5. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the page buffer compares the single level data stored in the selected one of the latches with restored single level data obtained by restoring bit values of the changed single level data stored in the remaining latches and provides one of single level data having the same bit values to the control logic when the number of single level data having the same bit values is two or more. 6. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells; a page buffer including a plurality of latch groups connected to each of the memory cells, each of the latch groups including a plurality of latches; and a control logic configured to control the page buffer to store single level program data into a selected one latch among the latches of each of the latch groups and store changed single level program data obtained by changing bit values of the single level program data into remaining latches other than the selected one latch among the latches, when a multi-conversion program command and the single level program data are received from an external apparatus. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein each of the memory cells stores three or more bits of data. 8. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the changed single level data includes one of inverted single level data obtained by inverting the bit values of the single level data and an XOR-operated single level data obtained by performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the single level data and preset bit values. 9. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the latches of each of the latch groups includes:
a first latch storing the single level program data in an original state; a second latch storing the inverted single level program data; and a third latch storing the XOR-operated single level program data. 10. The memory device of claim 9, wherein the first latch provides the single level program data of the original state to the second latch and the third latch. 11. The memory device of claim 10,
wherein the second latch includes an inverting engine for inverting bit values of the single level program data of the original state, and wherein the third latch includes an XOR engine for performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the single level program data of the original state and preset bit values. 12. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the multi-conversion program command is a command for converting the single level program data into multi-level program data and storing the converted multi-level program data into the memory cell array. 13. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and storing multi-level data, the multi-level data including single level data of an original state and two or more changed single level data obtained by changing bit values included in the single level data of the original state; a page buffer including a plurality of latch groups connected to each of the memory cells, each of the latch groups including a plurality of latches; and a control logic configured to control the page buffer to read the multi-level data from the memory cell array, store the single level data into a selected one latch among the latches of each of the latch groups and store the two or more changed single level data into remaining latches other than the selected one latch among the latches, when a single conversion read command is received from an external apparatus. 14. The memory device of claim 13, wherein the control logic controls the page buffer to output a selected one of the single level data of the original state and the changed single level data as read data corresponding to the single conversion read command. 15. The memory device of claim 13, wherein the two or more changed single level data includes inverted single level data obtained by inverting the bit values included in the single level data of the original state and an XOR-operated single level data obtained by performing an XOR operation on the bit values included in the single level data of the original state and preset bit values. 16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the latches of each of the latch groups includes:
a first latch storing the single level program data of the original state; a second latch storing the inverted single level program data; and a third latch storing the XOR-operated single level program data. 17. The memory device of claim 16,
wherein the second latch includes an inverting engine for converting the inverted single level data into the single level program data of the original state by inverting bit values of the inverted single level data, and wherein the third latch includes an XOR engine for converting the XOR-operated single level data into the single level program data of the original state by performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the XOR-operated single level data and preset bit values. 18. The memory device of claim 17, further comprising:
a comparator comparing the single level data of the original state outputted from the first latch, the single level data of the original state outputted from the second latch and the single level data of the original state outputted from the third latch, wherein the comparator provides one of single level data having the same bit values to the control logic when the number of single level data having the same bit values is two or more. 19. The memory device of claim 13, wherein each of the memory cells stores three or more bits of data. 20. The memory device of claim 13, wherein the single conversion read command is a command for reading one single level data among the multi-level data stored in the memory cell array. | A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array, a page buffer including a first latch configured to store data to be programmed in a first state, a second latch configured to store the data in a second state, and a third latch configured to store the data in a third state when the data is received from an external apparatus, and a control logic configured to control the page buffer to store the data of the first state in the first latch, the data of the second state in the second latch, and the data of the third state in the third latch when a multi-conversion program command and the data are received from the external apparatus.1. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells; a page buffer; and a control logic configured to control the page buffer: to perform a multi-conversion program operation including converting single level data into multi-level data and programming the converted multi-level data into the memory cell array, and to perform a single conversion read operation including reading the multi-level data from the memory cell array and converting the read multi-level data into the single level data. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the page buffer includes a plurality of latch groups connected to each of the plurality of the memory cells, and
wherein each of the plurality of the latch groups includes a plurality of latches. 3. The memory device of claim 2, wherein the control logic controls the page buffer to store the single level data into a selected one latch among the latches of each of the latch groups and store changed single level data obtained by changing bit values of the single level data into remaining latches other than the selected one latch among the latches. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the changed single level data includes one of inverted single level data obtained by inverting the bit values of the single level data and an XOR-operated single level data obtained by performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the single level data and preset bit values. 5. The memory device of claim 3, wherein the page buffer compares the single level data stored in the selected one of the latches with restored single level data obtained by restoring bit values of the changed single level data stored in the remaining latches and provides one of single level data having the same bit values to the control logic when the number of single level data having the same bit values is two or more. 6. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells; a page buffer including a plurality of latch groups connected to each of the memory cells, each of the latch groups including a plurality of latches; and a control logic configured to control the page buffer to store single level program data into a selected one latch among the latches of each of the latch groups and store changed single level program data obtained by changing bit values of the single level program data into remaining latches other than the selected one latch among the latches, when a multi-conversion program command and the single level program data are received from an external apparatus. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein each of the memory cells stores three or more bits of data. 8. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the changed single level data includes one of inverted single level data obtained by inverting the bit values of the single level data and an XOR-operated single level data obtained by performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the single level data and preset bit values. 9. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the latches of each of the latch groups includes:
a first latch storing the single level program data in an original state; a second latch storing the inverted single level program data; and a third latch storing the XOR-operated single level program data. 10. The memory device of claim 9, wherein the first latch provides the single level program data of the original state to the second latch and the third latch. 11. The memory device of claim 10,
wherein the second latch includes an inverting engine for inverting bit values of the single level program data of the original state, and wherein the third latch includes an XOR engine for performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the single level program data of the original state and preset bit values. 12. The memory device of claim 6, wherein the multi-conversion program command is a command for converting the single level program data into multi-level program data and storing the converted multi-level program data into the memory cell array. 13. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and storing multi-level data, the multi-level data including single level data of an original state and two or more changed single level data obtained by changing bit values included in the single level data of the original state; a page buffer including a plurality of latch groups connected to each of the memory cells, each of the latch groups including a plurality of latches; and a control logic configured to control the page buffer to read the multi-level data from the memory cell array, store the single level data into a selected one latch among the latches of each of the latch groups and store the two or more changed single level data into remaining latches other than the selected one latch among the latches, when a single conversion read command is received from an external apparatus. 14. The memory device of claim 13, wherein the control logic controls the page buffer to output a selected one of the single level data of the original state and the changed single level data as read data corresponding to the single conversion read command. 15. The memory device of claim 13, wherein the two or more changed single level data includes inverted single level data obtained by inverting the bit values included in the single level data of the original state and an XOR-operated single level data obtained by performing an XOR operation on the bit values included in the single level data of the original state and preset bit values. 16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the latches of each of the latch groups includes:
a first latch storing the single level program data of the original state; a second latch storing the inverted single level program data; and a third latch storing the XOR-operated single level program data. 17. The memory device of claim 16,
wherein the second latch includes an inverting engine for converting the inverted single level data into the single level program data of the original state by inverting bit values of the inverted single level data, and wherein the third latch includes an XOR engine for converting the XOR-operated single level data into the single level program data of the original state by performing an XOR operation on the bit values of the XOR-operated single level data and preset bit values. 18. The memory device of claim 17, further comprising:
a comparator comparing the single level data of the original state outputted from the first latch, the single level data of the original state outputted from the second latch and the single level data of the original state outputted from the third latch, wherein the comparator provides one of single level data having the same bit values to the control logic when the number of single level data having the same bit values is two or more. 19. The memory device of claim 13, wherein each of the memory cells stores three or more bits of data. 20. The memory device of claim 13, wherein the single conversion read command is a command for reading one single level data among the multi-level data stored in the memory cell array. | 2,800 |
343,978 | 16,803,438 | 2,827 | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first OETF corresponds to an ITU-R BT.709 standard or an ITU-R BT.2020 standard, the second OETF corresponds to a hybrid gamma OETF, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support the hybrid gamma OETF. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on the first OETF. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports the first OETF and the second OETF. 7. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the hybrid gamma function is a combination of a power function and a logarithm function. 8. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first OETF corresponds to an ITU-R BT.709 standard or an ITU-R BT.2020 standard, the second OETF corresponds to a hybrid gamma OETF, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support the hybrid gamma OETF. | A data generation method is for generating video data that covers a second luminance dynamic range wider than a first luminance dynamic range and has reproduction compatibility with a first device that does not support reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range and supports reproduction of video having the first luminance dynamic range, and includes: generating a video signal to be included in the video data using a second OETF; storing, into VUI in the video data, first transfer function information for identifying a first OETF to be referred to by the first device when the first device decodes the video data; and storing, into SEI in the video data, second transfer function information for identifying a second OETF to be referred to by a second device supporting reproduction of video having the second luminance dynamic range when the second device decodes the video data.1-3. (canceled) 4. A data generation method, performed by a data generation device, comprising:
generating video data according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); storing video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and storing supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF, wherein the first OETF corresponds to an ITU-R BT.709 standard or an ITU-R BT.2020 standard, the second OETF corresponds to a hybrid gamma OETF, and the first value is to be referred to by a decoding device that does not support the hybrid gamma OETF. 5. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the video data has compatibility such that the decoding device reproduces the video data based on the first OETF. 6. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the second value is referred to by another decoding device that supports the first OETF and the second OETF. 7. The data generation method according to claim 4, wherein the hybrid gamma function is a combination of a power function and a logarithm function. 8. A decoding device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive video data generated according to an Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard and a second opt-electrical transfer function (OETF); and a decoding circuit configured to decode the video data, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive:
video usability information (VUI) including a first value indicating a first OETF; and
supplemental enhancement information (SEI) including a second value indicating the second OETF,
the first OETF corresponds to an ITU-R BT.709 standard or an ITU-R BT.2020 standard, the second OETF corresponds to a hybrid gamma OETF, and the first value is to be referred to by the decoding device that does not support the hybrid gamma OETF. | 2,800 |
343,979 | 16,803,425 | 2,827 | A shredder having | 1. A shredder comprising:
a substantially tubular casing, which is closed upward by a cover and downward by a base, a rotating shaft, which is internal and coaxial to said casing, a plurality of supporting elements being keyed on said shaft, each of said supporting elements configured to support a plurality of shredding elements, wherein said shredding elements-have circular trajectories with a circumference that at least partially increases from an upper part of the shredder toward a lower part of the shredder. 2. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said supporting elements are substantially disc-shaped. 3. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said shredding elements are flat hammers. 4. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said shredding elements are coupled to, and are movable with respect to, at least one of said supporting elements. 5. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said shredding elements comprise a plurality of applied portions. 6. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said shredding elements are pivoted, by virtue of hinge elements, to at least two of said parallel supporting elements. 7. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said casing has an internal surface covered by a plurality of applied elements which can be changed as needed, each one of said applied elements comprising a plurality of complementary shredding elements which extend in the direction of said shredding elements. 8. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein the shredder has substantially four processing stages including:
a first crushing stage, a second disaggregation stage, a third compaction stage, and a fourth micronization stage. 9. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said cover has:
a first region having an inlet configured for introducing the articles to be shredded inside said shredder, and a second region that is openable. 10. The shredder according to claim 9, wherein said second region of said cover is substantially mirror-symmetrical to said first region and is constituted by two portions. 11. The shredder according to claim 10, wherein each one of said two portions has an external surface with a substantially circular arc shape and is coupled to said first fixed region by a hinge, symmetrically with respect to each other, said hinge being arranged proximate to one end of the circular arc defined by each one of said two portions of said cover. 12. The shredder according to claim 11, wherein said two portions have adjacent ends of said circular arc, said adjacent ends being each opposite with respect to said end coupled to said hinge. 13. The shredder according to claim 10, wherein two corresponding curved and openable portions of said casing are disposed below said two portions of said cover, each one of said corresponding curved and openable portions being coupled to a corresponding one of said two portions of said cover and being hinged to a fixed portion of said casing on the same axis as said hinge, each one of said curved and openable portions being adjacent and symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry of said casing. 14. The shredder according to claim 13, further comprising a plurality of superimposed annular elements disposed around tubular walls of said casing, each one of said annular elements being constituted by portions that are monolithic with a corresponding portion of said casing, each one of said curved and openable portions of said casing having a plurality of quarter-ring portions substantially shaped like a circular arc, each one of said quarter-ring portions -corresponding to a part of said annular elements. 15. The shredder according to claim 14, wherein each one of said quarter-ring portions is coupled, by means of a hinge, to a corresponding portion of a respective one of said annular elements monolithically with said fixed portion of said casing. 16. The shredder according to claim 13, further comprising a plurality of removable couplings configured for mutual fixing between adjacent edges of said curved and openable portions. 17. The shredder according to claim 14, wherein one of said curved and openable portions of said casing has a vertically extended flap disposed at the other one of said curved and openable portions, said flap, protrudes toward the outside of said casing, said flap being provided with a plurality of openings, each one of said openings being located at one of said annular elements. 18. The shredder according to claim 17, wherein each one of said openings of said flap is adapted for the insertion of an oscillating element, said oscillating element being pivoted to a corresponding quarter-ring portion of said other openable portion of said casing. 19. The shredder according to claim 18, wherein said oscillating element is provided with a threaded stem for the screwing of one or more nuts configured for fastening said flap to said other openable portion of said casing. | A shredder having1. A shredder comprising:
a substantially tubular casing, which is closed upward by a cover and downward by a base, a rotating shaft, which is internal and coaxial to said casing, a plurality of supporting elements being keyed on said shaft, each of said supporting elements configured to support a plurality of shredding elements, wherein said shredding elements-have circular trajectories with a circumference that at least partially increases from an upper part of the shredder toward a lower part of the shredder. 2. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said supporting elements are substantially disc-shaped. 3. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said shredding elements are flat hammers. 4. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said shredding elements are coupled to, and are movable with respect to, at least one of said supporting elements. 5. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said shredding elements comprise a plurality of applied portions. 6. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said shredding elements are pivoted, by virtue of hinge elements, to at least two of said parallel supporting elements. 7. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said casing has an internal surface covered by a plurality of applied elements which can be changed as needed, each one of said applied elements comprising a plurality of complementary shredding elements which extend in the direction of said shredding elements. 8. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein the shredder has substantially four processing stages including:
a first crushing stage, a second disaggregation stage, a third compaction stage, and a fourth micronization stage. 9. The shredder according to claim 1, wherein said cover has:
a first region having an inlet configured for introducing the articles to be shredded inside said shredder, and a second region that is openable. 10. The shredder according to claim 9, wherein said second region of said cover is substantially mirror-symmetrical to said first region and is constituted by two portions. 11. The shredder according to claim 10, wherein each one of said two portions has an external surface with a substantially circular arc shape and is coupled to said first fixed region by a hinge, symmetrically with respect to each other, said hinge being arranged proximate to one end of the circular arc defined by each one of said two portions of said cover. 12. The shredder according to claim 11, wherein said two portions have adjacent ends of said circular arc, said adjacent ends being each opposite with respect to said end coupled to said hinge. 13. The shredder according to claim 10, wherein two corresponding curved and openable portions of said casing are disposed below said two portions of said cover, each one of said corresponding curved and openable portions being coupled to a corresponding one of said two portions of said cover and being hinged to a fixed portion of said casing on the same axis as said hinge, each one of said curved and openable portions being adjacent and symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry of said casing. 14. The shredder according to claim 13, further comprising a plurality of superimposed annular elements disposed around tubular walls of said casing, each one of said annular elements being constituted by portions that are monolithic with a corresponding portion of said casing, each one of said curved and openable portions of said casing having a plurality of quarter-ring portions substantially shaped like a circular arc, each one of said quarter-ring portions -corresponding to a part of said annular elements. 15. The shredder according to claim 14, wherein each one of said quarter-ring portions is coupled, by means of a hinge, to a corresponding portion of a respective one of said annular elements monolithically with said fixed portion of said casing. 16. The shredder according to claim 13, further comprising a plurality of removable couplings configured for mutual fixing between adjacent edges of said curved and openable portions. 17. The shredder according to claim 14, wherein one of said curved and openable portions of said casing has a vertically extended flap disposed at the other one of said curved and openable portions, said flap, protrudes toward the outside of said casing, said flap being provided with a plurality of openings, each one of said openings being located at one of said annular elements. 18. The shredder according to claim 17, wherein each one of said openings of said flap is adapted for the insertion of an oscillating element, said oscillating element being pivoted to a corresponding quarter-ring portion of said other openable portion of said casing. 19. The shredder according to claim 18, wherein said oscillating element is provided with a threaded stem for the screwing of one or more nuts configured for fastening said flap to said other openable portion of said casing. | 2,800 |
343,980 | 16,803,441 | 2,827 | Systems and methods of control of a mechanical ventilator include receiving machine data from a mechanical ventilator. A surgical event is detected in the received machine data. Clinical events within the surgical event are detected in the machine data. The machine data and the detected plurality of clinical events are evaluated for compliance with lung protective ventilation recommendations. | 1. A method of ventilator control, the method comprising:
receiving machine data from a mechanical ventilator; detecting a surgical event in the received machine data; detecting a plurality of clinical events in the received machine data within the surgical event; and evaluating the machine data and the detected plurality of clinical events for compliance with lung protective ventilation (LPV) recommendations. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine data comprises a plurality of streaming time series of machine data provided by the mechanical ventilator. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising producing a visual indication of the evaluated compliance with lung protective ventilation recommendations. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein detecting the plurality of clinical events in the received machine data comprises conducting streaming analytics on the received machine data from the medical ventilator to apply a plurality of case identification rules to the streaming time series of machine data to identify clinical events in the streaming time series of machine data. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the clinical events identified in the streaming time series of machine data comprise at least one of provision of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy, a derecruitment event, and initiation of a recruitment maneuver. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein initiation of the recruitment maneuver is detected based upon streaming analytics of a streaming time series of a signal indicative of a manual initiation of a recruitment maneuver. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein initiation of the recruitment maneuver is detected based upon streaming analytics of a streaming time series of at least one signal indicative of a pressure within a breathing circuit of the mechanical ventilator. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the lung protective ventilation recommendations are embodied in at least one LPV rule, and further comprising applying the at least one LPV rule to the machine data and the detected plurality of clinical events to evaluate compliance with lung protective ventilation recommendations. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lung protective ventilation recommendations comprise at least detection of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy after each detected recruitment maneuver. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a predicted body weight (PBW) of the patient; calculating an LPV tidal volume range based upon the received PBW; and wherein the streaming time series of machine data comprises a time series indicative of tidal volume delivered to the patient and lung protective ventilation recommendations comprise detection of tidal volume within the calculated LPV tidal volume range. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving physiological data of the patient; analyzing the physiological data of the patient to evaluate a health of the patient; and evaluating an effectiveness of compliance with one or more LPV recommendations based upon the evaluated health of the patient. 12. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
aggregating evaluations of compliance with LPV recommendations across a plurality of detected surgical events; and visually reporting the aggregated compliance with LPV recommendations from the plurality of detected surgical events. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the aggregated evaluations of compliance are sorted based upon each of a plurality of LPV recommendation rules, and visually reporting the aggregated compliance across the plurality of detected surgical events. 14. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
detecting a clinical event in the machine data; associating the clinical event to a LPV recommendation rule; and providing an automated communication with a recommended control to enhance compliance with LPV recommendations. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the automated communication is an automated control instruction to the mechanical ventilator to perform an action to comply with an LPV recommendation rule. 16. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving surgical event scheduling data and wherein the streaming analytics further comprises applying the surgical event scheduling data to the streaming time series of machine data from the mechanical ventilator to identify the starts and the conclusions of the plurality of surgical events. 17. A system for lung protective ventilation, the system comprising:
a data ingestion module that receives streaming time series machine data and preprocesses the streaming time series machine data; a streaming analytics module that receives the streaming time series machine data and applies a plurality of event detection rules to the streaming time series medical device data to identify surgical events in the streaming time series machine data and to identify clinical events in the streaming time series machine data within the identified surgical events, wherein the streaming analytics module evaluates the streaming time series machine data and the identified clinical events for compliance with lung protective ventilation (LPV) recommendations; and a graphical display that presents the evaluation of the compliance with LPV recommendations. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a mechanical ventilator comprising an anesthesia delivery machine and communicatively connected to the data ingestion module, the mechanical ventilator provides the streaming time series machine data to the data ingestion module. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising at least one computer memory comprising a data lake, wherein the received streaming time series machine data is stored in the at least one computer memory. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the streaming analytics module, upon detection of a clinical event in the streaming time series machine data produces an automated communication indicative of a mechanical ventilator control in compliance with LPV recommendations. | Systems and methods of control of a mechanical ventilator include receiving machine data from a mechanical ventilator. A surgical event is detected in the received machine data. Clinical events within the surgical event are detected in the machine data. The machine data and the detected plurality of clinical events are evaluated for compliance with lung protective ventilation recommendations.1. A method of ventilator control, the method comprising:
receiving machine data from a mechanical ventilator; detecting a surgical event in the received machine data; detecting a plurality of clinical events in the received machine data within the surgical event; and evaluating the machine data and the detected plurality of clinical events for compliance with lung protective ventilation (LPV) recommendations. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine data comprises a plurality of streaming time series of machine data provided by the mechanical ventilator. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising producing a visual indication of the evaluated compliance with lung protective ventilation recommendations. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein detecting the plurality of clinical events in the received machine data comprises conducting streaming analytics on the received machine data from the medical ventilator to apply a plurality of case identification rules to the streaming time series of machine data to identify clinical events in the streaming time series of machine data. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the clinical events identified in the streaming time series of machine data comprise at least one of provision of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy, a derecruitment event, and initiation of a recruitment maneuver. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein initiation of the recruitment maneuver is detected based upon streaming analytics of a streaming time series of a signal indicative of a manual initiation of a recruitment maneuver. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein initiation of the recruitment maneuver is detected based upon streaming analytics of a streaming time series of at least one signal indicative of a pressure within a breathing circuit of the mechanical ventilator. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the lung protective ventilation recommendations are embodied in at least one LPV rule, and further comprising applying the at least one LPV rule to the machine data and the detected plurality of clinical events to evaluate compliance with lung protective ventilation recommendations. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lung protective ventilation recommendations comprise at least detection of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy after each detected recruitment maneuver. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving a predicted body weight (PBW) of the patient; calculating an LPV tidal volume range based upon the received PBW; and wherein the streaming time series of machine data comprises a time series indicative of tidal volume delivered to the patient and lung protective ventilation recommendations comprise detection of tidal volume within the calculated LPV tidal volume range. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving physiological data of the patient; analyzing the physiological data of the patient to evaluate a health of the patient; and evaluating an effectiveness of compliance with one or more LPV recommendations based upon the evaluated health of the patient. 12. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
aggregating evaluations of compliance with LPV recommendations across a plurality of detected surgical events; and visually reporting the aggregated compliance with LPV recommendations from the plurality of detected surgical events. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the aggregated evaluations of compliance are sorted based upon each of a plurality of LPV recommendation rules, and visually reporting the aggregated compliance across the plurality of detected surgical events. 14. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
detecting a clinical event in the machine data; associating the clinical event to a LPV recommendation rule; and providing an automated communication with a recommended control to enhance compliance with LPV recommendations. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the automated communication is an automated control instruction to the mechanical ventilator to perform an action to comply with an LPV recommendation rule. 16. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving surgical event scheduling data and wherein the streaming analytics further comprises applying the surgical event scheduling data to the streaming time series of machine data from the mechanical ventilator to identify the starts and the conclusions of the plurality of surgical events. 17. A system for lung protective ventilation, the system comprising:
a data ingestion module that receives streaming time series machine data and preprocesses the streaming time series machine data; a streaming analytics module that receives the streaming time series machine data and applies a plurality of event detection rules to the streaming time series medical device data to identify surgical events in the streaming time series machine data and to identify clinical events in the streaming time series machine data within the identified surgical events, wherein the streaming analytics module evaluates the streaming time series machine data and the identified clinical events for compliance with lung protective ventilation (LPV) recommendations; and a graphical display that presents the evaluation of the compliance with LPV recommendations. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a mechanical ventilator comprising an anesthesia delivery machine and communicatively connected to the data ingestion module, the mechanical ventilator provides the streaming time series machine data to the data ingestion module. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising at least one computer memory comprising a data lake, wherein the received streaming time series machine data is stored in the at least one computer memory. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the streaming analytics module, upon detection of a clinical event in the streaming time series machine data produces an automated communication indicative of a mechanical ventilator control in compliance with LPV recommendations. | 2,800 |
343,981 | 16,803,429 | 2,827 | Conventional systems have a problem that, after drawing cards onto a table in a baccarat game, if a dealer makes a mistake in dealing cards to the Player side and the Banker side or in passing cards to game participants after dealing, the mistake cannot be detected. An abnormality detection system according to the present invention can detect an abnormality or cheating and issue a warning or stop the abnormality or cheating based on an image analysis result from an image analyzing device 12 when, after drawing cards onto a table in a baccarat game, a dealer makes a mistake in dealing cards to the Player side and the Banker side or in passing cards to customers after dealing, for example. | 1. A game monitoring system, comprising:
a game monitoring device that monitors proceedings of a game played on a game table using a camera; an image analyzing device that performs image analysis of a video obtained by the camera; a card dealing device that is capable of reading information including at least a rank of a card dealt on the game table; and a controller that stores a rule of the game, wherein the controller is capable of detecting presence or absence of a card in a card placing area based on a result of the analysis by the image analyzing device, identifying an order of dealing and positions of cards dealt on the game table by a dealer, and determining in which area a card of interest that is being held by the card dealing device is to be dealt based on information about an ordinal number of the card of interest and the information including at least a rank of the card of interest. 2. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the controller determines an order of dealing and positions of cards each time the dealer deals a card in each game. 3. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the controller has a chip detection function of detecting positions and a total amount of chips betted by a game participant using the camera or an ID embedded in the chips. 4. The game monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein the controller has a function of determining that the card of interest is moved to a front of the game participant having betted the chips. 5. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is capable of obtaining information about a rank and a suit of each card from the result of the analysis by the image analyzing device. 6. The game monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein the controller is capable of checking the information about the rank and the suit of each card obtained from the result of the analysis by the image analyzing device and the information about the rank and the suit read by the card dealing device against each other. 7. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the camera captures proceedings of a game involving a dealer and a player who move a hand over a table. | Conventional systems have a problem that, after drawing cards onto a table in a baccarat game, if a dealer makes a mistake in dealing cards to the Player side and the Banker side or in passing cards to game participants after dealing, the mistake cannot be detected. An abnormality detection system according to the present invention can detect an abnormality or cheating and issue a warning or stop the abnormality or cheating based on an image analysis result from an image analyzing device 12 when, after drawing cards onto a table in a baccarat game, a dealer makes a mistake in dealing cards to the Player side and the Banker side or in passing cards to customers after dealing, for example.1. A game monitoring system, comprising:
a game monitoring device that monitors proceedings of a game played on a game table using a camera; an image analyzing device that performs image analysis of a video obtained by the camera; a card dealing device that is capable of reading information including at least a rank of a card dealt on the game table; and a controller that stores a rule of the game, wherein the controller is capable of detecting presence or absence of a card in a card placing area based on a result of the analysis by the image analyzing device, identifying an order of dealing and positions of cards dealt on the game table by a dealer, and determining in which area a card of interest that is being held by the card dealing device is to be dealt based on information about an ordinal number of the card of interest and the information including at least a rank of the card of interest. 2. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the controller determines an order of dealing and positions of cards each time the dealer deals a card in each game. 3. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the controller has a chip detection function of detecting positions and a total amount of chips betted by a game participant using the camera or an ID embedded in the chips. 4. The game monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein the controller has a function of determining that the card of interest is moved to a front of the game participant having betted the chips. 5. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is capable of obtaining information about a rank and a suit of each card from the result of the analysis by the image analyzing device. 6. The game monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein the controller is capable of checking the information about the rank and the suit of each card obtained from the result of the analysis by the image analyzing device and the information about the rank and the suit read by the card dealing device against each other. 7. The game monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the camera captures proceedings of a game involving a dealer and a player who move a hand over a table. | 2,800 |
343,982 | 16,803,447 | 2,827 | A rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition that forms a permeable and decomposable plug is provided. The RDF composition may include a carrier fluid such as water, a cellulosic microfiber viscosifier, date tree seed particles, and fibers formed from date tree waste such as date tree trunks. The RDF composition may mitigate or prevent lost circulation by forming a decomposable plug in a fracture of the lost circulation zone and may also enable the production of hydrocarbons from the zone without removal of the plug. Methods of lost circulation control and manufacture of the RDF composition are also provided | 1. A rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition, comprising:
a carrier fluid; a cellulosic viscosifier; a plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds; and a plurality of date tree trunk fibers, the date tree trunk fibers comprising fibers formed from date tree trunks. 2. The RDF composition of claim 1, consisting of:
the carrier fluid; the cellulosic viscosifier; the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds; and the plurality of date tree trunk fibers, the date tree trunk fibers comprising fibers formed from date tree trunks. 3. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water. 4. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic viscosifier comprises an amount in the range of 7 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 8 w/w %. 5. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds comprises an amount in the range of 4 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 5 w/w %. 6. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of date tree trunk fibers comprises an amount in the range of 3 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 4 w/w %. 7. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds has a size in the range of 400 microns to 595 microns. 8. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the RDF composition has a dehydration time of less than 2 minutes at 100 pounds-per-square inch differential (psid) pressure. | A rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition that forms a permeable and decomposable plug is provided. The RDF composition may include a carrier fluid such as water, a cellulosic microfiber viscosifier, date tree seed particles, and fibers formed from date tree waste such as date tree trunks. The RDF composition may mitigate or prevent lost circulation by forming a decomposable plug in a fracture of the lost circulation zone and may also enable the production of hydrocarbons from the zone without removal of the plug. Methods of lost circulation control and manufacture of the RDF composition are also provided1. A rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition, comprising:
a carrier fluid; a cellulosic viscosifier; a plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds; and a plurality of date tree trunk fibers, the date tree trunk fibers comprising fibers formed from date tree trunks. 2. The RDF composition of claim 1, consisting of:
the carrier fluid; the cellulosic viscosifier; the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds; and the plurality of date tree trunk fibers, the date tree trunk fibers comprising fibers formed from date tree trunks. 3. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water. 4. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic viscosifier comprises an amount in the range of 7 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 8 w/w %. 5. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds comprises an amount in the range of 4 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 5 w/w %. 6. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of date tree trunk fibers comprises an amount in the range of 3 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 4 w/w %. 7. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds has a size in the range of 400 microns to 595 microns. 8. The RDF composition of claim 1, wherein the RDF composition has a dehydration time of less than 2 minutes at 100 pounds-per-square inch differential (psid) pressure. | 2,800 |
343,983 | 16,803,465 | 2,827 | There is a need to perform predictive inference to predict likely adverse events of a drug regimen consisting of multiple drugs. In one example, a method includes determining, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of a plurality of patient nodes; determining, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node and each of one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes; determining, based at least in part on one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generating a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. | 1. A computer-implemented method for performing a graph-based medical prediction for a medical-need scenario associated with a primary patient node of a plurality of patient nodes, the computer-implemented method comprising:
determining, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, wherein the graph-based predictive database comprises one or more historical relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more claim nodes, one or more encoding relationships between the one or more claim nodes and one or more diagnosis code nodes, one or more intake relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more drug nodes, and one or more patient attribute nodes for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes; determining, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes and each one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes of the plurality of patient nodes associated with the primary patient node; determining, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generating a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the graph-based predictive database further comprises one or more adverse event occurrence relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and the one or more drug nodes, the method further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships for each of the one or more drug nodes in the first related drug profile, a related adverse event occurrence profile; and generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the related adverse event occurrence profile. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships are determined based at least in part on one of: the one or more claim nodes, and one or more adverse nodes, wherein the one or more adverse nodes comprise data obtained from an adverse event reporting system. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a probabilistic drug profile for the primary patient profile node based at least in part on a related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient node and a hypothetical drug profile for the primary patient, wherein the related prescribed drug profile comprises drugs already taken by the primary patient; and determining a probabilistic adverse event occurrence profile based at least in part on the probabilistic drug profile for the primary patient profile given adverse event occurrence history of the related patient cohort; generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the probabilistic adverse event occurrence profile. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and displaying the first prediction interface to the user. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more patient attribute nodes comprises at least one of: an age of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to an age of the primary patient, a race/ethnicity of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a race/ethnicity of the primary patient, a gender of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a gender of the primary patient, a primary diagnosis of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a primary diagnosis of the primary patient, secondary diagnosis conditions of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to secondary diagnosis conditions of the primary patient, one or more drugs prescribed for the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs prescribed for the primary patient, and one or more drugs considered for the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs being considered for the primary patient. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part one or more historical relationships between the primary patient node and one or more claim nodes, a related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient node, wherein the related prescribed drug profile comprises drugs already taken by the primary patient; determining, based at least in part on the first related drug profile for the primary patient node and the related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient, a second related drug profile; and generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the second related drug profile. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for at least one patient node in the related patient cohort and the primary patient node, a second related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the second related drug profile. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and displaying the second prediction interface to the user. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein:
the graph-based predictive database further comprises one or more adverse event occurrence relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and the one or more drug nodes, and one or more primary adverse event occurrence relationships between the primary patient node and the one or more prescribed drug nodes for the primary patient; and the method further comprises:
determining, based at least in part on the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships for each of the one or more drug nodes in the first related drug profile, a related adverse event occurrence profile;
determining, based at least in part on the one or more primary adverse event occurrence relationships for each of the one or more prescribed drug nodes for the primary patient, a related primary adverse event occurrence profile; and
generating a third prediction interface based at least in part on the related adverse event occurrence profile and the related primary adverse event occurrence profile. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships and the one or more primary adverse event occurrence relationships are determined based at least in part on one of the one or more claim nodes and one or more adverse nodes, wherein the one or more adverse nodes comprise data obtained from an adverse event reporting system. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and displaying the third prediction interface to the user. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first prediction interface, the second prediction interface and the third prediction interface comprise an application program interface (API). 14. An apparatus for performing a graph-based medical prediction for a medical-need scenario associated with a primary patient node of a plurality of patient nodes, the apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including program code, the at least one memory and the program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
determine, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, wherein the graph-based predictive database comprises one or more historical relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more claim nodes, one or more encoding relationships between the one or more claim nodes and one or more diagnosis code nodes, one or more intake relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more drug nodes, and one or more patient attribute nodes for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes; determine, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes and each one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes of the plurality of patient nodes associated with the primary patient node; determine, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generate a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the wherein the one or more patient attribute nodes comprises at least one of: an age of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to an age of the primary patient, a race/ethnicity of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a race/ethnicity of the primary patient, a gender of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a gender of the primary patient, a primary diagnosis of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a primary diagnosis of the primary patient, secondary diagnosis conditions of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to secondary diagnosis conditions of the primary patient, one or more drugs prescribed for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs prescribed for the primary patient, and one or more drugs being considered for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs being considered for the primary patient. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
determine whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and display the first prediction interface to the user. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
determine, one or more historical relationships between the primary patient node and one or more claim nodes, a related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient node, wherein the related prescribed drug profile comprises drugs already taken by the primary patient; determine, based at least in part on the first related drug profile for the primary patient node and the related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient, a second related drug profile; and generate a second prediction interface based at least in part on the second related drug profile. 18. A computer program product for performing a graph-based medical prediction for a medical-need scenario associated with a primary patient node of a plurality of patient nodes, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, the computer-readable program code portions configured to:
determine, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, wherein the graph-based predictive database comprises one or more historical relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more claim nodes, one or more encoding relationships between the one or more claim nodes and one or more diagnosis code nodes, one or more intake relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more drug nodes, and one or more patient attribute nodes for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes; determine, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes and each one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes of the plurality of patient nodes associated with the primary patient node; determine, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generate a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the one or more patient attribute nodes comprises at least one of: an age of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to an age of the primary patient, a race/ethnicity of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a race/ethnicity of the primary patient, a gender of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a gender of the primary patient, a primary diagnosis of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a primary diagnosis of the primary patient, secondary diagnosis conditions of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to secondary diagnosis conditions of the primary patient, one or more drugs prescribed for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs prescribed for the primary patient, and one or more drugs being considered for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs being considered for the primary patient. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the computer-readable program code portions are further configured to:
determine whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and display the first prediction interface to the user. | There is a need to perform predictive inference to predict likely adverse events of a drug regimen consisting of multiple drugs. In one example, a method includes determining, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of a plurality of patient nodes; determining, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node and each of one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes; determining, based at least in part on one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generating a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile.1. A computer-implemented method for performing a graph-based medical prediction for a medical-need scenario associated with a primary patient node of a plurality of patient nodes, the computer-implemented method comprising:
determining, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, wherein the graph-based predictive database comprises one or more historical relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more claim nodes, one or more encoding relationships between the one or more claim nodes and one or more diagnosis code nodes, one or more intake relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more drug nodes, and one or more patient attribute nodes for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes; determining, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes and each one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes of the plurality of patient nodes associated with the primary patient node; determining, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generating a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the graph-based predictive database further comprises one or more adverse event occurrence relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and the one or more drug nodes, the method further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships for each of the one or more drug nodes in the first related drug profile, a related adverse event occurrence profile; and generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the related adverse event occurrence profile. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships are determined based at least in part on one of: the one or more claim nodes, and one or more adverse nodes, wherein the one or more adverse nodes comprise data obtained from an adverse event reporting system. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a probabilistic drug profile for the primary patient profile node based at least in part on a related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient node and a hypothetical drug profile for the primary patient, wherein the related prescribed drug profile comprises drugs already taken by the primary patient; and determining a probabilistic adverse event occurrence profile based at least in part on the probabilistic drug profile for the primary patient profile given adverse event occurrence history of the related patient cohort; generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the probabilistic adverse event occurrence profile. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and displaying the first prediction interface to the user. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more patient attribute nodes comprises at least one of: an age of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to an age of the primary patient, a race/ethnicity of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a race/ethnicity of the primary patient, a gender of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a gender of the primary patient, a primary diagnosis of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a primary diagnosis of the primary patient, secondary diagnosis conditions of the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to secondary diagnosis conditions of the primary patient, one or more drugs prescribed for the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs prescribed for the primary patient, and one or more drugs considered for the one or more patients of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs being considered for the primary patient. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part one or more historical relationships between the primary patient node and one or more claim nodes, a related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient node, wherein the related prescribed drug profile comprises drugs already taken by the primary patient; determining, based at least in part on the first related drug profile for the primary patient node and the related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient, a second related drug profile; and generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the second related drug profile. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for at least one patient node in the related patient cohort and the primary patient node, a second related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generating a second prediction interface based at least in part on the second related drug profile. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and displaying the second prediction interface to the user. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein:
the graph-based predictive database further comprises one or more adverse event occurrence relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and the one or more drug nodes, and one or more primary adverse event occurrence relationships between the primary patient node and the one or more prescribed drug nodes for the primary patient; and the method further comprises:
determining, based at least in part on the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships for each of the one or more drug nodes in the first related drug profile, a related adverse event occurrence profile;
determining, based at least in part on the one or more primary adverse event occurrence relationships for each of the one or more prescribed drug nodes for the primary patient, a related primary adverse event occurrence profile; and
generating a third prediction interface based at least in part on the related adverse event occurrence profile and the related primary adverse event occurrence profile. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the one or more adverse event occurrence relationships and the one or more primary adverse event occurrence relationships are determined based at least in part on one of the one or more claim nodes and one or more adverse nodes, wherein the one or more adverse nodes comprise data obtained from an adverse event reporting system. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and displaying the third prediction interface to the user. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first prediction interface, the second prediction interface and the third prediction interface comprise an application program interface (API). 14. An apparatus for performing a graph-based medical prediction for a medical-need scenario associated with a primary patient node of a plurality of patient nodes, the apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including program code, the at least one memory and the program code configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
determine, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, wherein the graph-based predictive database comprises one or more historical relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more claim nodes, one or more encoding relationships between the one or more claim nodes and one or more diagnosis code nodes, one or more intake relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more drug nodes, and one or more patient attribute nodes for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes; determine, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes and each one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes of the plurality of patient nodes associated with the primary patient node; determine, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generate a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the wherein the one or more patient attribute nodes comprises at least one of: an age of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to an age of the primary patient, a race/ethnicity of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a race/ethnicity of the primary patient, a gender of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a gender of the primary patient, a primary diagnosis of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a primary diagnosis of the primary patient, secondary diagnosis conditions of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to secondary diagnosis conditions of the primary patient, one or more drugs prescribed for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs prescribed for the primary patient, and one or more drugs being considered for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs being considered for the primary patient. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
determine whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and display the first prediction interface to the user. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to at least:
determine, one or more historical relationships between the primary patient node and one or more claim nodes, a related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient node, wherein the related prescribed drug profile comprises drugs already taken by the primary patient; determine, based at least in part on the first related drug profile for the primary patient node and the related prescribed drug profile for the primary patient, a second related drug profile; and generate a second prediction interface based at least in part on the second related drug profile. 18. A computer program product for performing a graph-based medical prediction for a medical-need scenario associated with a primary patient node of a plurality of patient nodes, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, the computer-readable program code portions configured to:
determine, based at least in part on a graph-based predictive database, one or more predictive categories for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, wherein the graph-based predictive database comprises one or more historical relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more claim nodes, one or more encoding relationships between the one or more claim nodes and one or more diagnosis code nodes, one or more intake relationships between the plurality of patient nodes and one or more drug nodes, and one or more patient attribute nodes for each patient node of the plurality of patient nodes; determine, based at least in part on each one or more predictive categories for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes and each one or more patient attribute nodes for a patient node of the plurality of patient nodes, a related patient cohort for the primary patient node, wherein the related patient cohort comprises the primary patient node and one or more related patient nodes of the plurality of patient nodes associated with the primary patient node; determine, based at least in part on the one or more intake relationships for each patient node in the related patient cohort, a first related drug profile for the primary patient node; and generate a first prediction interface based at least in part on the first related drug profile. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the one or more patient attribute nodes comprises at least one of: an age of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to an age of the primary patient, a race/ethnicity of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a race/ethnicity of the primary patient, a gender of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a gender of the primary patient, a primary diagnosis of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to a primary diagnosis of the primary patient, secondary diagnosis conditions of the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to secondary diagnosis conditions of the primary patient, one or more drugs prescribed for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs prescribed for the primary patient, and one or more drugs being considered for the one or more patient node of the plurality of patient nodes similar to one or more drugs being considered for the primary patient. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the computer-readable program code portions are further configured to:
determine whether a user is an authorized user, wherein the authorized user is at least one of: an authorized medical practitioner, the primary patient, and a third-party authorized by the primary patient; and display the first prediction interface to the user. | 2,800 |
343,984 | 16,803,437 | 2,827 | The Prosthetic Vacuum Pump is a manually-operated device, that is affixed to or integral with a prosthetic socket. The manual operation allows a wearer to increase the vacuum in the socket cavity if there is any noticeable decrease at any time. The Prosthetic Vacuum Pump includes a removable pump mechanism that allows a user to customize the level of vacuum drawn by the Prosthetic Vacuum Pump. The intake valve of the Prosthetic Vacuum Pump is in direct connection with the cavity of a prosthetic socket. By eliminating vacuum lines, the vacuum pump creates an immediate vacuum in the cavity. The result is an immediate suspension when the prosthetic limb is put on without the need to walk or wait for the battery to draw a sufficient vacuum. The compact construction and optional depress-lock is easily hidden beneath clothing. | 1. A device to create an elevated vacuum in a prosthetic socket, the device comprising:
a body secured to the distal end of the prosthetic socket, the body and the prosthetic socket forming a cavity to receive a residual limb, and the body having a top surface, an inner chamber, an intake port, and an exhaust port; a manually-operated pump mechanism removably attached to the body and having a piston, a housing, and a biasing member, the piston reciprocating within the housing to create a predetermined level of vacuum in the prosthetic socket; an opening of the intake port on the top surface of the body is in fluid communication between the cavity and the inner chamber; and an opening of the exhaust port on the piston is in fluid communication between the inner chamber and atmosphere; whereby movement of the piston in a first direction expels air from the inner chamber to atmosphere through the exhaust port and movement of the piston in a second direction pulls air from the cavity into the inner chamber through the intake port creating an elevated vacuum in the cavity. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the biasing member is configured to move the piston in the second direction to return the piston to a starting position. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the pump mechanism further comprises a spring to control the reciprocating movement of the piston within the housing, the spring attached to the piston and the housing. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism configured to secure the piston in a depressed position. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking slot located on and running lengthwise along the piston and a locking pin affixed to and extending out from the housing. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a second pump mechanism having a second predetermined level of vacuum, the second pump mechanism removably attached to the body to draw the second level of vacuum in the cavity, and the second predetermined level of vacuum is different from the predetermined level of vacuum. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising an intake valve located on the opening of the intake port to prevent back flow of air into the prosthetic socket. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust valve located on the opening of the exhaust port to prevent air from the atmosphere entering the inner chamber. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising the distal end of the prosthetic socket is affixed to and extends upward from the top surface of the body to create the cavity. 10. The device of claim 9, further comprising a distal end pad situated on the top surface of the body, the distal end pad having a hole aligned with the intake port. 11. A manually-operated device to create an elevated vacuum in a prosthetic socket, the device comprising:
a body integrally attached to a distal end of the prosthetic socket, the body having an inner chamber in fluid communication with a cavity of the prosthetic socket; a pump mechanism removably inserted in the inner chamber, the pump mechanism having a housing, a spring, and a piston; a first end of the piston extends out of a first end of the housing such that a piston head on the first end of the piston extends into the inner chamber, a first end of the spring abuts an internal surface on the first end of the housing and a second end of the spring is coupled to the piston, whereby when the piston is displaced in a first direction the spring biases the piston to move in a second direction to return the piston to a starting position; and wherein reciprocating movement of the piston head within the inner chamber expels air out of the inner chamber to the atmosphere through an exhaust port and draws air out of the prosthetic socket through an intake port to create the elevated vacuum in the prosthetic socket. 12. The device of claim 11, further comprising an intake valve located at the opening of the intake port on the surface of the body that prevents air from entering the prosthetic socket after being drawn out. 13. The device of claim 11, further comprising an exhaust valve located at an opening of the exhaust port to the atmosphere that prevents air from entering the inner chamber from the atmosphere. 14. The device of claim 11, further comprising the exhaust port located on the piston head. 15. The device of claim 11, further comprising a locking mechanism located on a second end of the piston, the locking mechanism secures the piston in a depressed position within the housing. 16. The device of claim 11, further comprising a locking mechanism having a locking slot and locking pin, the locking mechanism maintaining the piston in a depressed position when the locking pin engages the locking slot. 17. A device to create an elevated vacuum in a prosthetic socket, the device comprising:
a cavity in the prosthetic socket configured to receive a residual limb; a body having a top surface affixed to a distal end of the prosthetic socket, an inner chamber, an intake port in fluid communication between the cavity and the inner chamber, and an exhaust port in fluid communication between the atmosphere and the inner chamber; a manually-operated pump mechanism removably attached to the body in the inner chamber, the pump mechanism having a housing, a piston reciprocating within the housing, and a spring having a spring constant; and wherein the pump mechanism draws a predetermined level of vacuum in the cavity. 18. The device of claim 17, further comprising:
a second pump mechanism with a second spring having a second spring constant and drawing a second predetermined level of vacuum; and the first pump mechanism and the second pump mechanism interchangeably insert into the body. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein movement of the piston in a first direction expels air from the inner chamber to atmosphere through the exhaust port, and movement of the piston in a second direction draws air out of the cavity into the inner chamber through the intake port. 20. The device of claim 17, further comprising the exhaust port located on a piston head and air in the inner chamber is expelled through the piston. | The Prosthetic Vacuum Pump is a manually-operated device, that is affixed to or integral with a prosthetic socket. The manual operation allows a wearer to increase the vacuum in the socket cavity if there is any noticeable decrease at any time. The Prosthetic Vacuum Pump includes a removable pump mechanism that allows a user to customize the level of vacuum drawn by the Prosthetic Vacuum Pump. The intake valve of the Prosthetic Vacuum Pump is in direct connection with the cavity of a prosthetic socket. By eliminating vacuum lines, the vacuum pump creates an immediate vacuum in the cavity. The result is an immediate suspension when the prosthetic limb is put on without the need to walk or wait for the battery to draw a sufficient vacuum. The compact construction and optional depress-lock is easily hidden beneath clothing.1. A device to create an elevated vacuum in a prosthetic socket, the device comprising:
a body secured to the distal end of the prosthetic socket, the body and the prosthetic socket forming a cavity to receive a residual limb, and the body having a top surface, an inner chamber, an intake port, and an exhaust port; a manually-operated pump mechanism removably attached to the body and having a piston, a housing, and a biasing member, the piston reciprocating within the housing to create a predetermined level of vacuum in the prosthetic socket; an opening of the intake port on the top surface of the body is in fluid communication between the cavity and the inner chamber; and an opening of the exhaust port on the piston is in fluid communication between the inner chamber and atmosphere; whereby movement of the piston in a first direction expels air from the inner chamber to atmosphere through the exhaust port and movement of the piston in a second direction pulls air from the cavity into the inner chamber through the intake port creating an elevated vacuum in the cavity. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the biasing member is configured to move the piston in the second direction to return the piston to a starting position. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the pump mechanism further comprises a spring to control the reciprocating movement of the piston within the housing, the spring attached to the piston and the housing. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a locking mechanism configured to secure the piston in a depressed position. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking slot located on and running lengthwise along the piston and a locking pin affixed to and extending out from the housing. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a second pump mechanism having a second predetermined level of vacuum, the second pump mechanism removably attached to the body to draw the second level of vacuum in the cavity, and the second predetermined level of vacuum is different from the predetermined level of vacuum. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising an intake valve located on the opening of the intake port to prevent back flow of air into the prosthetic socket. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust valve located on the opening of the exhaust port to prevent air from the atmosphere entering the inner chamber. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising the distal end of the prosthetic socket is affixed to and extends upward from the top surface of the body to create the cavity. 10. The device of claim 9, further comprising a distal end pad situated on the top surface of the body, the distal end pad having a hole aligned with the intake port. 11. A manually-operated device to create an elevated vacuum in a prosthetic socket, the device comprising:
a body integrally attached to a distal end of the prosthetic socket, the body having an inner chamber in fluid communication with a cavity of the prosthetic socket; a pump mechanism removably inserted in the inner chamber, the pump mechanism having a housing, a spring, and a piston; a first end of the piston extends out of a first end of the housing such that a piston head on the first end of the piston extends into the inner chamber, a first end of the spring abuts an internal surface on the first end of the housing and a second end of the spring is coupled to the piston, whereby when the piston is displaced in a first direction the spring biases the piston to move in a second direction to return the piston to a starting position; and wherein reciprocating movement of the piston head within the inner chamber expels air out of the inner chamber to the atmosphere through an exhaust port and draws air out of the prosthetic socket through an intake port to create the elevated vacuum in the prosthetic socket. 12. The device of claim 11, further comprising an intake valve located at the opening of the intake port on the surface of the body that prevents air from entering the prosthetic socket after being drawn out. 13. The device of claim 11, further comprising an exhaust valve located at an opening of the exhaust port to the atmosphere that prevents air from entering the inner chamber from the atmosphere. 14. The device of claim 11, further comprising the exhaust port located on the piston head. 15. The device of claim 11, further comprising a locking mechanism located on a second end of the piston, the locking mechanism secures the piston in a depressed position within the housing. 16. The device of claim 11, further comprising a locking mechanism having a locking slot and locking pin, the locking mechanism maintaining the piston in a depressed position when the locking pin engages the locking slot. 17. A device to create an elevated vacuum in a prosthetic socket, the device comprising:
a cavity in the prosthetic socket configured to receive a residual limb; a body having a top surface affixed to a distal end of the prosthetic socket, an inner chamber, an intake port in fluid communication between the cavity and the inner chamber, and an exhaust port in fluid communication between the atmosphere and the inner chamber; a manually-operated pump mechanism removably attached to the body in the inner chamber, the pump mechanism having a housing, a piston reciprocating within the housing, and a spring having a spring constant; and wherein the pump mechanism draws a predetermined level of vacuum in the cavity. 18. The device of claim 17, further comprising:
a second pump mechanism with a second spring having a second spring constant and drawing a second predetermined level of vacuum; and the first pump mechanism and the second pump mechanism interchangeably insert into the body. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein movement of the piston in a first direction expels air from the inner chamber to atmosphere through the exhaust port, and movement of the piston in a second direction draws air out of the cavity into the inner chamber through the intake port. 20. The device of claim 17, further comprising the exhaust port located on a piston head and air in the inner chamber is expelled through the piston. | 2,800 |
343,985 | 16,803,424 | 2,827 | Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for configuring a dynamic reassignment of an application flow across different computation layers based on various conditions. An embodiment operates by assigning a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers. The embodiment assigns a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers. The embodiment assigns a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer. The transition rule includes an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition. The embodiment then transmits the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. | 1. A method, comprising:
first assigning, by at least one processor, a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers; second assigning, by the at least one processor, a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers; third assigning, by the at least one processor, a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer, wherein the transition rule comprises an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting further comprises:
transmitting, by the at least one processor, the first rule and the transition rule to the first computation layer; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the second rule to the second computation layer. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
implementing, by at least one processor, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a plurality of layout segments corresponding to the plurality of computation layers, wherein the GUI is configured to allow insertion of a visual representation of the first rule into one of the plurality of layout segments by an input gesture; and wherein the first assigning further comprises:
receiving, by the at least one processor, the visual representation of the first rule of the application flow via the input gesture;
determining, by the at least one processor, the visual representation of the first rule is in a layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer; and
fourth assigning, by the at least one processor, the first rule to the first computation layer based on the determining. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the condition is a system level condition at the first computation layer or a user specified condition. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reassigning, by the at least one processor, the first rule to the second computation layer based on a performance of the action; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the first rule to the second computation layer based on the reassigning. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, an execution state of the application flow based on machine learning; modifying, by the at least one processor, the transition rule based on the execution state of the application flow; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the modified transition rule to the first computation layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the transition rule comprises a reporting action that collects telemetry data at the first computation layer. 8. A system, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
first assign a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers;
second assign a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers;
third assign a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer, wherein the transition rule comprises an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition; and
cause to transmit the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to cause to transmit the application flow, the at least one processor is further configured to:
cause to transmit the first rule and the transition rule to the first computation layer; and cause to transmit the second rule to the second computation layer. 10. The system of claim 8, the at least one processor further configured to:
implement a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a plurality of layout segments corresponding to the plurality of computation layers, wherein the GUI is configured to allow insertion of a visual representation of the first rule into one of the plurality of layout segments by an input gesture; and wherein to first assign the first rule of the application flow, the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive the visual representation of the first rule of the application flow via the input gesture;
determine the visual representation of the first rule is in a layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer; and
fourth assigning the first rule to the first computation layer based on the determination that the visual representation of the first rule is in the layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the condition is a system level condition at the first computation layer or a user specified condition. 12. The system of claim 8, the at least one processor further configured to:
reassign the first rule to the second computation layer on a performance of the action; and cause to transmit the first rule to the second computation layer based on the reassignment of the first rule to the second computation layer. 13. The system of claim 8, the at least one processor further configured to:
determine an execution state of the application flow based on machine learning; modify the transition rule based on the execution state of the application flow; and cause to transmit the modified transition rule to the first computation layer. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the transition rule comprises a reporting action that collects telemetry data at the first computation layer. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable device having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, causes the at least one computing device to perform operations comprising:
first assigning a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers; second assigning a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers; third assigning a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer, wherein the transition rule comprises an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition; and causing a transmission of the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, wherein the causing the transmission of the application flow to the plurality of computation layers further comprises:
causing a transmission of the first rule and the transition rule to the first computation layer; and causing a transmission of the second rule to the second computation layer. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
implementing a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a plurality of layout segments corresponding to the plurality of computation layers, wherein the GUI is configured to allow insertion of a visual representation of the first rule into one of the plurality of layout segments by an input gesture; and wherein the first assigning further comprises:
causing a receipt of the visual representation of the first rule of the application flow via the input gesture;
determining the visual representation of the first rule is in a layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer; and
fourth assigning the first rule to the first computation layer based on the determining. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, wherein the condition is a system level condition at the first computation layer or a user specified condition. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
reassigning the first rule to the second computation layer based on a performance of the action; and causing a transmission of the first rule to the second computation layer based on the reassigning. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
determining an execution state of the application flow based on machine learning; modifying the transition rule based on the execution state of the application flow; and causing a transmission of the modified transition rule to the first computation layer. | Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for configuring a dynamic reassignment of an application flow across different computation layers based on various conditions. An embodiment operates by assigning a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers. The embodiment assigns a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers. The embodiment assigns a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer. The transition rule includes an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition. The embodiment then transmits the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution.1. A method, comprising:
first assigning, by at least one processor, a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers; second assigning, by the at least one processor, a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers; third assigning, by the at least one processor, a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer, wherein the transition rule comprises an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting further comprises:
transmitting, by the at least one processor, the first rule and the transition rule to the first computation layer; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the second rule to the second computation layer. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
implementing, by at least one processor, a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a plurality of layout segments corresponding to the plurality of computation layers, wherein the GUI is configured to allow insertion of a visual representation of the first rule into one of the plurality of layout segments by an input gesture; and wherein the first assigning further comprises:
receiving, by the at least one processor, the visual representation of the first rule of the application flow via the input gesture;
determining, by the at least one processor, the visual representation of the first rule is in a layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer; and
fourth assigning, by the at least one processor, the first rule to the first computation layer based on the determining. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the condition is a system level condition at the first computation layer or a user specified condition. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reassigning, by the at least one processor, the first rule to the second computation layer based on a performance of the action; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the first rule to the second computation layer based on the reassigning. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, an execution state of the application flow based on machine learning; modifying, by the at least one processor, the transition rule based on the execution state of the application flow; and transmitting, by the at least one processor, the modified transition rule to the first computation layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the transition rule comprises a reporting action that collects telemetry data at the first computation layer. 8. A system, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
first assign a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers;
second assign a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers;
third assign a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer, wherein the transition rule comprises an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition; and
cause to transmit the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to cause to transmit the application flow, the at least one processor is further configured to:
cause to transmit the first rule and the transition rule to the first computation layer; and cause to transmit the second rule to the second computation layer. 10. The system of claim 8, the at least one processor further configured to:
implement a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a plurality of layout segments corresponding to the plurality of computation layers, wherein the GUI is configured to allow insertion of a visual representation of the first rule into one of the plurality of layout segments by an input gesture; and wherein to first assign the first rule of the application flow, the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive the visual representation of the first rule of the application flow via the input gesture;
determine the visual representation of the first rule is in a layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer; and
fourth assigning the first rule to the first computation layer based on the determination that the visual representation of the first rule is in the layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the condition is a system level condition at the first computation layer or a user specified condition. 12. The system of claim 8, the at least one processor further configured to:
reassign the first rule to the second computation layer on a performance of the action; and cause to transmit the first rule to the second computation layer based on the reassignment of the first rule to the second computation layer. 13. The system of claim 8, the at least one processor further configured to:
determine an execution state of the application flow based on machine learning; modify the transition rule based on the execution state of the application flow; and cause to transmit the modified transition rule to the first computation layer. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the transition rule comprises a reporting action that collects telemetry data at the first computation layer. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable device having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, causes the at least one computing device to perform operations comprising:
first assigning a first rule of an application flow to a first computation layer of a plurality of computation layers; second assigning a second rule of the application flow to a second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers; third assigning a transition rule of the application flow to the first computation layer, wherein the transition rule comprises an action that causes the first rule of the application flow to be executed in the second computation layer of the plurality of computation layers based on a condition; and causing a transmission of the application flow to the plurality of computation layers thereby causing the application flow to be configured for execution. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, wherein the causing the transmission of the application flow to the plurality of computation layers further comprises:
causing a transmission of the first rule and the transition rule to the first computation layer; and causing a transmission of the second rule to the second computation layer. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
implementing a graphical user interface (GUI) comprising a plurality of layout segments corresponding to the plurality of computation layers, wherein the GUI is configured to allow insertion of a visual representation of the first rule into one of the plurality of layout segments by an input gesture; and wherein the first assigning further comprises:
causing a receipt of the visual representation of the first rule of the application flow via the input gesture;
determining the visual representation of the first rule is in a layer segment of the plurality of layer segments that corresponds to the first computation layer; and
fourth assigning the first rule to the first computation layer based on the determining. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, wherein the condition is a system level condition at the first computation layer or a user specified condition. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
reassigning the first rule to the second computation layer based on a performance of the action; and causing a transmission of the first rule to the second computation layer based on the reassigning. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
determining an execution state of the application flow based on machine learning; modifying the transition rule based on the execution state of the application flow; and causing a transmission of the modified transition rule to the first computation layer. | 2,800 |
343,986 | 16,803,411 | 2,827 | Disclosed herein are active agents, compositions containing them, unit dosage forms containing them, and methods of their use, e.g., for treating a metabolic disorder or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or for modulating a metabolic marker or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease marker. | 1. A method of modulating a metabolic marker or a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease marker in a subject in need thereof or of treating a metabolic disorder or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an active agent selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated carotenoid, acylated ellagic acid, acylated ellagic acid analogue, acylated ketone body or pre-ketone body, acylated stilbenoid, acylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine, acylated amino acid, acylated bile acid, acylated mesalamine, acylated metformin, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, acylated vitamin, and acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is of modulating a metabolic marker, and the metabolic marker is for an obesity disorder. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is for treating a metabolic disorder. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metabolic disorder is an obesity disorder. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the total fat percentage, cellular adiposity, body mass index, rate of weight gain, abdominal fat quantity, ratio of white to brown fat, level of lipogenesis, or level of fat storage is reduced following the step of administering; or
wherein the total fat percentage, cellular adiposity, body mass index, abdominal fat quantity, or ratio of white to brown fat is reduced following the step of administering. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is overweight or suffers from obesity, severe obesity, morbid obesity, or super obesity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of insulin, GLP-1, or PYY is increased following the administration of the active agent to the subject; or
the level of blood sugar or hemoglobin A1c is reduced following the administration of the active agent to the subject; or the glucose tolerance is increased following the administration of the active agent to the subject. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering the active agent to the subject orally. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, following oral administration to the subject, the active agent is cleavable in the gastrointestinal tract of the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is an acylated stilbenoid. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated carotenoid. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated ketone body or pre-ketone body. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated amino acid, acylated ellagic acid, or acylated ellagic acid analogue. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated bile acid. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated sugar. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the acylated sugar is a monosaccharide having one or more hydroxyls substituted with alkyl, acyl, a group containing a fatty acid, or a group containing a ketone body or pre-ketone body. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the monosaccharide is xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, fucose, glucosamine, or tagatose. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the acylated sugar comprises at least one group containing a fatty acid, and the group containing a fatty acid is a fatty acid acyl. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated shikimic acid. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated vitamin. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated metformin. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is an acylated catechin polyphenol. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is a compound of the following structure: 26. The method of claim 4, wherein the active agent is a compound of the following structure: 27. An acylated active agent having a core bonded to at least one group containing a ketone body or pre-ketone body, wherein the core is a stilbenoid, carotenoid, vitamin, catechin polyphenol, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, bile acid, or metformin, and the group containing a ketone body or pre-ketone body is bonded to the core through an ester bond, amide bond, glycosidic bond, carbonate linker, or carbamate linker. 28. A composition comprising the acylated active agent of claim 27. 29. A unit dosage form comprising at least 0.5 g of an active agent selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated stilbenoid, acylated carotenoid, acylated mesalamine, acylated hydroxybenzoic acid, acylated shikimic acid, acylated vitamin, acylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine, acylated bile acid, acylated amino acid, acylated ketone body or pre-ketone body, acylated metformin, acylated sugar, and combinations of a first agent and a second agent, wherein the first agent is a stilbenoid, catechin polyphenol, carotenoid, bile acid, amino acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, shikimic acid, monosaccharide, or mesalamine, metformin, vitamin, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and a second agent is a ketone body or pre-ketone body. 30. An acylated stilbenoid of the following structure: | Disclosed herein are active agents, compositions containing them, unit dosage forms containing them, and methods of their use, e.g., for treating a metabolic disorder or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or for modulating a metabolic marker or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease marker.1. A method of modulating a metabolic marker or a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease marker in a subject in need thereof or of treating a metabolic disorder or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an active agent selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated carotenoid, acylated ellagic acid, acylated ellagic acid analogue, acylated ketone body or pre-ketone body, acylated stilbenoid, acylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine, acylated amino acid, acylated bile acid, acylated mesalamine, acylated metformin, acylated sugar, acylated shikimic acid, acylated vitamin, and acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is of modulating a metabolic marker, and the metabolic marker is for an obesity disorder. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is for treating a metabolic disorder. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metabolic disorder is an obesity disorder. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the total fat percentage, cellular adiposity, body mass index, rate of weight gain, abdominal fat quantity, ratio of white to brown fat, level of lipogenesis, or level of fat storage is reduced following the step of administering; or
wherein the total fat percentage, cellular adiposity, body mass index, abdominal fat quantity, or ratio of white to brown fat is reduced following the step of administering. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is overweight or suffers from obesity, severe obesity, morbid obesity, or super obesity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of insulin, GLP-1, or PYY is increased following the administration of the active agent to the subject; or
the level of blood sugar or hemoglobin A1c is reduced following the administration of the active agent to the subject; or the glucose tolerance is increased following the administration of the active agent to the subject. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering the active agent to the subject orally. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, following oral administration to the subject, the active agent is cleavable in the gastrointestinal tract of the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is an acylated stilbenoid. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated carotenoid. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated ketone body or pre-ketone body. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated amino acid, acylated ellagic acid, or acylated ellagic acid analogue. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated bile acid. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated sugar. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the acylated sugar is a monosaccharide having one or more hydroxyls substituted with alkyl, acyl, a group containing a fatty acid, or a group containing a ketone body or pre-ketone body. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the monosaccharide is xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, fucose, glucosamine, or tagatose. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the acylated sugar comprises at least one group containing a fatty acid, and the group containing a fatty acid is a fatty acid acyl. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated shikimic acid. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated vitamin. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated hydroxybenzoic acid. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is acylated metformin. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is an acylated catechin polyphenol. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the active agent is a compound of the following structure: 26. The method of claim 4, wherein the active agent is a compound of the following structure: 27. An acylated active agent having a core bonded to at least one group containing a ketone body or pre-ketone body, wherein the core is a stilbenoid, carotenoid, vitamin, catechin polyphenol, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, bile acid, or metformin, and the group containing a ketone body or pre-ketone body is bonded to the core through an ester bond, amide bond, glycosidic bond, carbonate linker, or carbamate linker. 28. A composition comprising the acylated active agent of claim 27. 29. A unit dosage form comprising at least 0.5 g of an active agent selected from the group consisting of an acylated catechin polyphenol, acylated stilbenoid, acylated carotenoid, acylated mesalamine, acylated hydroxybenzoic acid, acylated shikimic acid, acylated vitamin, acylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine, acylated bile acid, acylated amino acid, acylated ketone body or pre-ketone body, acylated metformin, acylated sugar, and combinations of a first agent and a second agent, wherein the first agent is a stilbenoid, catechin polyphenol, carotenoid, bile acid, amino acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, shikimic acid, monosaccharide, or mesalamine, metformin, vitamin, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and a second agent is a ketone body or pre-ketone body. 30. An acylated stilbenoid of the following structure: | 2,800 |
343,987 | 16,803,467 | 2,827 | There is provide a gas supply method including: preparing a gas container filled with an easy-to-liquefy gas; and supplying the easy-to-liquefy gas from the gas container to a processing container in which a substrate process is performed using the easy-to-liquefy gas, via a gas supply path, wherein a pressure and a temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled such that in the gas supply path, the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas decreases in a step-by-step manner and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas increases from the gas container toward the processing container. | 1. A gas supply method comprising:
preparing a gas container filled with an easy-to-liquefy gas; and supplying the easy-to-liquefy gas from the gas container to a processing container in which a substrate process is performed using the easy-to-liquefy gas, via a gas supply path, wherein a pressure and a temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled such that in the gas supply path, the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas decreases in a step-by-step manner and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas increases from the gas container toward the processing container. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled based on a saturated vapor pressure curve of the easy-to-liquefy gas. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas is increased by dividing a region from the gas container to the processing container into a plurality of heating regions and heating each of the plurality of heating regions with a heater unit. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas is adjusted by a regulator. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pressure and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled such that even when the easy-to-liquefy gas is cooled down by an adiabatic expansion caused by the regulator, a relationship between the pressure and the temperature is on a lower side of a saturated vapor pressure curve. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is an HF gas or a ClF3 gas. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas is increased by dividing a region from the gas container to the processing container into a plurality of heating regions and heating each of the plurality of heating regions with a heater unit. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas is adjusted by a regulator. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. 11. A gas supply system comprising:
a gas container filled with an easy-to-liquefy gas; a gas supply path through which the easy-to-liquefy gas is supplied from the gas container to a processing container in which a substrate process is performed using the easy-to-liquefy gas; a plurality of regulators provided in the gas supply path, a plurality of heater units configured to heat a plurality of heating regions obtained by dividing the gas container and the gas supply path into plural regions; a controller configured to control the plurality of regulators and the plurality of heater units such that in the gas supply path, a pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas decreases in a step-by-step manner and a temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas increases from the gas container toward the processing container. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller controls the pressure and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas based on a saturated vapor pressure curve of the easy-to-liquefy gas. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller controls the pressure and temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas such that even when the easy-to-liquefy gas is cooled down by an adiabatic expansion caused by the plurality of regulators, a relationship between the pressure and the temperature is on a lower side of the saturated vapor pressure curve. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is an HF gas or a ClF3 gas. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. | There is provide a gas supply method including: preparing a gas container filled with an easy-to-liquefy gas; and supplying the easy-to-liquefy gas from the gas container to a processing container in which a substrate process is performed using the easy-to-liquefy gas, via a gas supply path, wherein a pressure and a temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled such that in the gas supply path, the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas decreases in a step-by-step manner and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas increases from the gas container toward the processing container.1. A gas supply method comprising:
preparing a gas container filled with an easy-to-liquefy gas; and supplying the easy-to-liquefy gas from the gas container to a processing container in which a substrate process is performed using the easy-to-liquefy gas, via a gas supply path, wherein a pressure and a temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled such that in the gas supply path, the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas decreases in a step-by-step manner and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas increases from the gas container toward the processing container. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled based on a saturated vapor pressure curve of the easy-to-liquefy gas. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas is increased by dividing a region from the gas container to the processing container into a plurality of heating regions and heating each of the plurality of heating regions with a heater unit. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas is adjusted by a regulator. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pressure and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas are controlled such that even when the easy-to-liquefy gas is cooled down by an adiabatic expansion caused by the regulator, a relationship between the pressure and the temperature is on a lower side of a saturated vapor pressure curve. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is an HF gas or a ClF3 gas. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas is increased by dividing a region from the gas container to the processing container into a plurality of heating regions and heating each of the plurality of heating regions with a heater unit. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas is adjusted by a regulator. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. 11. A gas supply system comprising:
a gas container filled with an easy-to-liquefy gas; a gas supply path through which the easy-to-liquefy gas is supplied from the gas container to a processing container in which a substrate process is performed using the easy-to-liquefy gas; a plurality of regulators provided in the gas supply path, a plurality of heater units configured to heat a plurality of heating regions obtained by dividing the gas container and the gas supply path into plural regions; a controller configured to control the plurality of regulators and the plurality of heater units such that in the gas supply path, a pressure of the easy-to-liquefy gas decreases in a step-by-step manner and a temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas increases from the gas container toward the processing container. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller controls the pressure and the temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas based on a saturated vapor pressure curve of the easy-to-liquefy gas. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller controls the pressure and temperature of the easy-to-liquefy gas such that even when the easy-to-liquefy gas is cooled down by an adiabatic expansion caused by the plurality of regulators, a relationship between the pressure and the temperature is on a lower side of the saturated vapor pressure curve. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is an HF gas or a ClF3 gas. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the easy-to-liquefy gas is a gas having a saturated vapor pressure of 100 kPa or less at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. | 2,800 |
343,988 | 16,803,457 | 2,827 | A rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition that forms a permeable and decomposable plug is provided. The RDF composition may include a carrier fluid such as water, a cellulosic microfiber viscosifier, date tree seed particles, and fibers formed from date tree waste such as date tree trunks. The RDF composition may mitigate or prevent lost circulation by forming a decomposable plug in a fracture of the lost circulation zone and may also enable the production of hydrocarbons from the zone without removal of the plug. Methods of lost circulation control and manufacture of the RDF composition are also provided | 1. A method of manufacturing a rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition, comprising the steps (a) to (c) in the following order:
(a) mixing a carrier fluid and a cellulosic viscosifier to form a mixture; (b) mixing a plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds into the mixture, each of the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds has a size in the range of 400 microns to 595 microns; and (c) mixing a plurality of date tree trunk fibers into the mixture, the date tree trunk fibers comprising fibers formed from date tree trunks. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic microfiber comprises an amount in the range of 7 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 8 w/w %. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds comprises an amount in the range of 4 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 5 w/w %. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of date tree trunk fibers comprises an amount in the range of 3 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 4 w/w %. | A rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition that forms a permeable and decomposable plug is provided. The RDF composition may include a carrier fluid such as water, a cellulosic microfiber viscosifier, date tree seed particles, and fibers formed from date tree waste such as date tree trunks. The RDF composition may mitigate or prevent lost circulation by forming a decomposable plug in a fracture of the lost circulation zone and may also enable the production of hydrocarbons from the zone without removal of the plug. Methods of lost circulation control and manufacture of the RDF composition are also provided1. A method of manufacturing a rapidly dehydrating fluid (RDF) composition, comprising the steps (a) to (c) in the following order:
(a) mixing a carrier fluid and a cellulosic viscosifier to form a mixture; (b) mixing a plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds into the mixture, each of the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds has a size in the range of 400 microns to 595 microns; and (c) mixing a plurality of date tree trunk fibers into the mixture, the date tree trunk fibers comprising fibers formed from date tree trunks. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic microfiber comprises an amount in the range of 7 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 8 w/w %. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of particles formed from date tree seeds comprises an amount in the range of 4 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 5 w/w %. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of date tree trunk fibers comprises an amount in the range of 3 weight % of the total weight (w/w %) to about 4 w/w %. | 2,800 |
343,989 | 16,803,450 | 2,827 | The memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines, a row control circuit including a plurality of row switches corresponding to the word lines, a column control circuit including a plurality of column switches corresponding to the bit lines, and a control logic circuit configured to control pre-charge operations on a word line and a bit line of a selected memory cell and perform a control operation to float the word line and the bit line together after a pre-charge period during a data reading operation. One of the word line and the bit line is floated after the pre-charge period and the other one is pseudo-floated after the pre-charge period. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines; a row control circuit comprising a plurality of row switches corresponding to the word lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the word lines; a column control circuit comprising a plurality of column switches corresponding to the bit lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the bit lines; and a control logic circuit configured to control pre-charge operations on a word line and a bit line of a selected memory cell and perform a control operation to float the word line and the bit line together after a pre-charge period during a data read operation, wherein one of the word line and the bit line is floated after the pre-charge period and the other one is pseudo-floated after the pre-charge period. 2. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a voltage generator configured to provide a first pre-charge voltage to the row control circuit and a second pre-charge voltage to the column control circuit; and a write driver/sense amplifier configured to provide write data to the memory cell array through the row control circuit and to output read data from the memory cell array, wherein the row control circuit comprises a word line driver configured to provide the first pre-charge voltage to the word line, and wherein a row switch of the plurality of row switches is configured to control an electrical connection between the word line driver and the word line, and wherein the column control circuit comprises a bit line driver configured to provide the second pre-charge voltage to the bit line, and wherein a column switch of the plurality of column switches is configured to control an electrical connection between the bit line driver and the bit line. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cells comprise phase-change memory cells comprising a germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te) mixture (GST). 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the control logic circuit is further configured to float the word line by providing a row switch control signal to the row switch connected to the word line and to pseudo-float the bit line by weakly turning on the column switch by providing a column switch control signal having a level between logic high and logic low to the column switch connected to the bit line. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the data read operation further comprises a floating period and a data sensing period after the pre-charge period, and,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, the word line is pre-charged to a first level that corresponds to a negative target voltage, and the bit line is pre-charged to a third level lower than a second level that corresponds to a positive target voltage. 6. The memory device of claim 5, wherein, during the pre-charge period, a pre-charge voltage having the third level lower than that of the positive target voltage is provided to the bit line. 7. The memory device of claim 5, wherein the bit line comprises a first capacitance component that is larger than a second capacitance component of the word line, and,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, the bit line is provided with a pre-charge voltage having the second level corresponding to the positive target voltage, and the bit line is pre-charged to the third level lower than the second level due to loading based on the first capacitance component. 8. The memory device of claim 5, wherein, during the floating period, a voltage level of the bit line rises to the second level corresponding to the positive target voltage while the bit line is being pseudo-floated. 9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the word line and the bit line are configured to be controlled separately from each other,
wherein the word line is floated and the bit line is pseudo-floated after the pre-charge period, and wherein the pseudo-floating of the bit line is started during a period in which the word line is floated. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein a resistance state of the selected memory cell comprises a set state or a reset state, and,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, a voltage level difference between the word line and the bit line is maintained below or equal to a reference value, such that the selected memory cell maintains off-cell characteristics in the set state and the reset state. 11. The memory device of claim 1, wherein, during the data read operation, data is sensed by detecting a voltage of the bit line,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, the word line is pre-charged to a level higher than a level corresponding to a negative target voltage and the bit line is pre-charged to a level corresponding to a positive target voltage, and, wherein, after the pre-charge period, the word line is pseudo-floated and the bit line is floated. 12. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising a compensation switch and a current source connected to a node of the word line,
wherein the compensation switch is configured to be turned on during a period in which the word line is floated to electrically connect the current source to the word line. 13. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cells are arranged in a first layer and a second layer that are vertically stacked, and a bit line of the second layer comprises a larger capacitance component than that of the first layer, and
wherein, during the data read operation, a first time point for floating the bit line of the second layer is different from a second time point for floating a bit line of the first layer. 14. The memory device of claim 13, further comprising a third layer on the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the third layer comprises peripheral circuits that are configured to control write and read operations for memory cells of the first layer and the second layer. 15. A memory device comprising:
a selected memory cell that is configured to store data; a first line and a second line connected to the selected memory cell; a first switch configured to control an electrical connection between a first driver driving the first line and the first line in response to a first switch control signal; and a second switch configured to control an electrical connection between a second driver driving the second line and the second line in response to a second switch control signal, wherein a data read operation for the selected memory cell comprises a pre-charge period, a floating period, and a data sensing period, wherein, during the pre-charge period, the memory device is configured to provide a first pre-charge voltage corresponding to a negative target voltage to the first line, to provide a second pre-charge voltage corresponding to a positive target voltage to the second line, to pre-charge the first line to the negative target voltage, and to pre-charge the second line to a level lower than the positive target voltage, and, wherein, during the floating period, the memory device is further configured to float the first line and to pseudo-float the second line. 16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of a period in which the first line is floated overlaps a period in which the second line is pseudo-floated. 17. The memory device of claim 15, wherein, during the floating period, the memory device is further configured to turn off the first switch in response to the first switch control signal and to weakly turn on the second switch in response to the second switch control signal. 18. The memory device of claim 15, wherein, during the floating period, the memory device is further configured to raise a voltage of the second line to a level corresponding to the positive target voltage, and,
wherein, after the voltage of the second line rises to the positive target voltage, the memory device is further configured to sense the data by detecting a voltage of the first line during the data sensing period. 19. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the first switch and the second switch are controlled separately from each other, and
wherein the memory device is further configured to start pseudo-floating the second line within a period in which the first line is floated. 20.-24. (canceled) 25. A memory module comprising:
a module board; a plurality of memory chips mounted on the module board; and a non-volatile memory mounted on the module board and communicating with the memory chips, wherein each of the memory chips comprises: a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines; a row control circuit comprising a plurality of row switches corresponding to the word lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the word lines; a column control circuit comprising a plurality of column switches corresponding to the bit lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the bit lines; and a control logic circuit configured to control a pre-charge operation on a word line and a bit line of a selected memory cell during a read operation and perform a control operation to float one of the word line and the bit line after a pre-charge period and to continue to provide a pre-charge voltage to the other one of the word line and the bit line after the pre-charge period. 26. (canceled) | The memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines, a row control circuit including a plurality of row switches corresponding to the word lines, a column control circuit including a plurality of column switches corresponding to the bit lines, and a control logic circuit configured to control pre-charge operations on a word line and a bit line of a selected memory cell and perform a control operation to float the word line and the bit line together after a pre-charge period during a data reading operation. One of the word line and the bit line is floated after the pre-charge period and the other one is pseudo-floated after the pre-charge period.1. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines; a row control circuit comprising a plurality of row switches corresponding to the word lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the word lines; a column control circuit comprising a plurality of column switches corresponding to the bit lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the bit lines; and a control logic circuit configured to control pre-charge operations on a word line and a bit line of a selected memory cell and perform a control operation to float the word line and the bit line together after a pre-charge period during a data read operation, wherein one of the word line and the bit line is floated after the pre-charge period and the other one is pseudo-floated after the pre-charge period. 2. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a voltage generator configured to provide a first pre-charge voltage to the row control circuit and a second pre-charge voltage to the column control circuit; and a write driver/sense amplifier configured to provide write data to the memory cell array through the row control circuit and to output read data from the memory cell array, wherein the row control circuit comprises a word line driver configured to provide the first pre-charge voltage to the word line, and wherein a row switch of the plurality of row switches is configured to control an electrical connection between the word line driver and the word line, and wherein the column control circuit comprises a bit line driver configured to provide the second pre-charge voltage to the bit line, and wherein a column switch of the plurality of column switches is configured to control an electrical connection between the bit line driver and the bit line. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cells comprise phase-change memory cells comprising a germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te) mixture (GST). 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the control logic circuit is further configured to float the word line by providing a row switch control signal to the row switch connected to the word line and to pseudo-float the bit line by weakly turning on the column switch by providing a column switch control signal having a level between logic high and logic low to the column switch connected to the bit line. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the data read operation further comprises a floating period and a data sensing period after the pre-charge period, and,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, the word line is pre-charged to a first level that corresponds to a negative target voltage, and the bit line is pre-charged to a third level lower than a second level that corresponds to a positive target voltage. 6. The memory device of claim 5, wherein, during the pre-charge period, a pre-charge voltage having the third level lower than that of the positive target voltage is provided to the bit line. 7. The memory device of claim 5, wherein the bit line comprises a first capacitance component that is larger than a second capacitance component of the word line, and,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, the bit line is provided with a pre-charge voltage having the second level corresponding to the positive target voltage, and the bit line is pre-charged to the third level lower than the second level due to loading based on the first capacitance component. 8. The memory device of claim 5, wherein, during the floating period, a voltage level of the bit line rises to the second level corresponding to the positive target voltage while the bit line is being pseudo-floated. 9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the word line and the bit line are configured to be controlled separately from each other,
wherein the word line is floated and the bit line is pseudo-floated after the pre-charge period, and wherein the pseudo-floating of the bit line is started during a period in which the word line is floated. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein a resistance state of the selected memory cell comprises a set state or a reset state, and,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, a voltage level difference between the word line and the bit line is maintained below or equal to a reference value, such that the selected memory cell maintains off-cell characteristics in the set state and the reset state. 11. The memory device of claim 1, wherein, during the data read operation, data is sensed by detecting a voltage of the bit line,
wherein, during the pre-charge period, the word line is pre-charged to a level higher than a level corresponding to a negative target voltage and the bit line is pre-charged to a level corresponding to a positive target voltage, and, wherein, after the pre-charge period, the word line is pseudo-floated and the bit line is floated. 12. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising a compensation switch and a current source connected to a node of the word line,
wherein the compensation switch is configured to be turned on during a period in which the word line is floated to electrically connect the current source to the word line. 13. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cells are arranged in a first layer and a second layer that are vertically stacked, and a bit line of the second layer comprises a larger capacitance component than that of the first layer, and
wherein, during the data read operation, a first time point for floating the bit line of the second layer is different from a second time point for floating a bit line of the first layer. 14. The memory device of claim 13, further comprising a third layer on the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the third layer comprises peripheral circuits that are configured to control write and read operations for memory cells of the first layer and the second layer. 15. A memory device comprising:
a selected memory cell that is configured to store data; a first line and a second line connected to the selected memory cell; a first switch configured to control an electrical connection between a first driver driving the first line and the first line in response to a first switch control signal; and a second switch configured to control an electrical connection between a second driver driving the second line and the second line in response to a second switch control signal, wherein a data read operation for the selected memory cell comprises a pre-charge period, a floating period, and a data sensing period, wherein, during the pre-charge period, the memory device is configured to provide a first pre-charge voltage corresponding to a negative target voltage to the first line, to provide a second pre-charge voltage corresponding to a positive target voltage to the second line, to pre-charge the first line to the negative target voltage, and to pre-charge the second line to a level lower than the positive target voltage, and, wherein, during the floating period, the memory device is further configured to float the first line and to pseudo-float the second line. 16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of a period in which the first line is floated overlaps a period in which the second line is pseudo-floated. 17. The memory device of claim 15, wherein, during the floating period, the memory device is further configured to turn off the first switch in response to the first switch control signal and to weakly turn on the second switch in response to the second switch control signal. 18. The memory device of claim 15, wherein, during the floating period, the memory device is further configured to raise a voltage of the second line to a level corresponding to the positive target voltage, and,
wherein, after the voltage of the second line rises to the positive target voltage, the memory device is further configured to sense the data by detecting a voltage of the first line during the data sensing period. 19. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the first switch and the second switch are controlled separately from each other, and
wherein the memory device is further configured to start pseudo-floating the second line within a period in which the first line is floated. 20.-24. (canceled) 25. A memory module comprising:
a module board; a plurality of memory chips mounted on the module board; and a non-volatile memory mounted on the module board and communicating with the memory chips, wherein each of the memory chips comprises: a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells connected to a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines; a row control circuit comprising a plurality of row switches corresponding to the word lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the word lines; a column control circuit comprising a plurality of column switches corresponding to the bit lines and configured to perform a selection operation on the bit lines; and a control logic circuit configured to control a pre-charge operation on a word line and a bit line of a selected memory cell during a read operation and perform a control operation to float one of the word line and the bit line after a pre-charge period and to continue to provide a pre-charge voltage to the other one of the word line and the bit line after the pre-charge period. 26. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,990 | 16,803,435 | 2,827 | A method is presented for integrating a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device with vertical transistors on a single chip. The method includes forming a vertical field effect transistor (FET) including an epitaxial tip defining a drain terminal and forming the ReRAM device in direct contact with the epitaxial tip of the vertical FET such that a current conducting filament is formed at the epitaxial tip due to electric field enhancement. | 1. A method for integrating a resistive memory element with vertical transistors on a single chip, the method comprising:
forming a high-k-metal gate (HKMG) in direct contact with a bottom section of an epitaxial material; forming a metal gate in direct contact with the HKMG; exposing a top section of the epitaxial material; depositing an epitaxial growth in direct contact with the epitaxial material; and forming the resistive memory element to cover a portion of an epitaxial tip of the epitaxial growth such that a current conducting filament is formed at the epitaxial tip. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing a hardmask over the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming spacers adjacent the hardmask and a top section of the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising removing the spacers and the hardmask before exposing the top section of the epitaxial material. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising integrating the resistive memory element with the epitaxial growth. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resistive memory element includes a resistive random access memory (ReRAM). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a current conducting filament is formed at a tip of the epitaxial growth due to electric field enhancement. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the epitaxial growth forms a drain contact in contact with the resistive memory element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the resistive memory element includes a first conducting layer and a second conducting layer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first conducting layer is hafnium oxide (HfOx) and the second material is titanium nitride (TiN). 11. A method for integrating a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device with vertical transistors on a single chip, the method comprising:
forming a vertical field effect transistor (FET) by:
forming a high-k-metal gate (HKMG) in direct contact with a bottom section of an epitaxial material;
forming a metal gate in direct contact with the HKMG;
exposing a top section of the epitaxial material; and
depositing an epitaxial tip in direct contact with the epitaxial material; and
forming the ReRAM device covering a portion of the epitaxial tip of the vertical FET such that a current conducting filament is formed at the epitaxial tip due to electric field enhancement. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising depositing a hardmask over the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising forming spacers adjacent the hardmask and a top section of the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the vertical FET and the ReRAM device are connected in series. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the ReRAM device includes a first conducting layer and a second conducting layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first conducting layer is hafnium oxide (HfOx) and the second material is titanium nitride (TiN). 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the epitaxial tip forms a drain contact in contact with the ReRAM device. 18. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a vertical transistor including an epitaxial tip defining a drain terminal; a resistive memory element formed directly on the epitaxial tip of the vertical transistor, the epitaxial tip directly contacting a high-k metal gate; and a current conducting filament formed at the epitaxial tip due to electric field enhancement. 19. The semiconductor structure of claim 18, wherein the resistive memory element includes a resistive random access memory (ReRAM). 20. The semiconductor structure of claim 18, wherein the resistive memory element and the drain terminal are connected in series. | A method is presented for integrating a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device with vertical transistors on a single chip. The method includes forming a vertical field effect transistor (FET) including an epitaxial tip defining a drain terminal and forming the ReRAM device in direct contact with the epitaxial tip of the vertical FET such that a current conducting filament is formed at the epitaxial tip due to electric field enhancement.1. A method for integrating a resistive memory element with vertical transistors on a single chip, the method comprising:
forming a high-k-metal gate (HKMG) in direct contact with a bottom section of an epitaxial material; forming a metal gate in direct contact with the HKMG; exposing a top section of the epitaxial material; depositing an epitaxial growth in direct contact with the epitaxial material; and forming the resistive memory element to cover a portion of an epitaxial tip of the epitaxial growth such that a current conducting filament is formed at the epitaxial tip. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing a hardmask over the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming spacers adjacent the hardmask and a top section of the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising removing the spacers and the hardmask before exposing the top section of the epitaxial material. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising integrating the resistive memory element with the epitaxial growth. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resistive memory element includes a resistive random access memory (ReRAM). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a current conducting filament is formed at a tip of the epitaxial growth due to electric field enhancement. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the epitaxial growth forms a drain contact in contact with the resistive memory element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the resistive memory element includes a first conducting layer and a second conducting layer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first conducting layer is hafnium oxide (HfOx) and the second material is titanium nitride (TiN). 11. A method for integrating a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device with vertical transistors on a single chip, the method comprising:
forming a vertical field effect transistor (FET) by:
forming a high-k-metal gate (HKMG) in direct contact with a bottom section of an epitaxial material;
forming a metal gate in direct contact with the HKMG;
exposing a top section of the epitaxial material; and
depositing an epitaxial tip in direct contact with the epitaxial material; and
forming the ReRAM device covering a portion of the epitaxial tip of the vertical FET such that a current conducting filament is formed at the epitaxial tip due to electric field enhancement. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising depositing a hardmask over the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising forming spacers adjacent the hardmask and a top section of the epitaxial material before forming the HKMG. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the vertical FET and the ReRAM device are connected in series. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the ReRAM device includes a first conducting layer and a second conducting layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first conducting layer is hafnium oxide (HfOx) and the second material is titanium nitride (TiN). 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the epitaxial tip forms a drain contact in contact with the ReRAM device. 18. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a vertical transistor including an epitaxial tip defining a drain terminal; a resistive memory element formed directly on the epitaxial tip of the vertical transistor, the epitaxial tip directly contacting a high-k metal gate; and a current conducting filament formed at the epitaxial tip due to electric field enhancement. 19. The semiconductor structure of claim 18, wherein the resistive memory element includes a resistive random access memory (ReRAM). 20. The semiconductor structure of claim 18, wherein the resistive memory element and the drain terminal are connected in series. | 2,800 |
343,991 | 16,803,433 | 2,827 | A driving assistance device executes processing relating to a behavior model of a vehicle. Detected information from the vehicle is input to a detected information inputter. An acquirer derives at least one of a travel difficulty level of a vehicle, a wakefulness level of a driver, and a driving proficiency level of the driver on the basis of the detected information that is input to the detected information inputter. A determiner determines whether or not to execute processing on the basis of at least one information item derived by the acquirer. If the determiner has made a determination to execute the processing, a processor executes the processing relating to the behavior model. It is assumed that the processor does not execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to not execute the processing. | 1. An assistance system that executes processing relating to a behavior model, comprising:
a detected information inputter to which detected information is input; an acquirer structured to acquire one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, on the basis of the detected information input to the detected information inputter; a determiner structured to make a determination of whether or not to execute processing on the basis of the one or more information items acquired by the acquirer; and a processor structured to execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to execute processing, wherein the processor does not execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to not execute processing. 2. The assistance system according to claim 1,
wherein the assistance system executes processing relating to a behavior model of a vehicle, detected information from the vehicle is input to the detected information inputter, and the acquirer derives, as one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, at least one information item from among a travel difficulty level of the vehicle, a wakefulness level of a driver, and a driving proficiency level of the driver. 3. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the travel difficulty level derived by the acquirer is above a threshold value. 4. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the wakefulness level of the driver, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level derived by the acquirer is below a threshold value. 5. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the driving proficiency level derived by the acquirer is below a threshold value. 6. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives two or more information items from among the travel difficulty level of the vehicle, the wakefulness level of the driver, and the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner determines whether or not to execute processing on the basis of a combination of the two or more information items derived by the acquirer. 7. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle and the wakefulness level of the driver, and in a case where the travel difficulty level is equal to or less than a first threshold value, the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level is below a second threshold value or the wakefulness level is above a third threshold value (the third threshold value >the second threshold value). 8. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle and the wakefulness level of the driver, and in a case where the travel difficulty level is above a first threshold value, the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level is below a fourth threshold value. 9. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the wakefulness level of the driver and the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner sets a threshold value lower as the driving proficiency level increases and makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level is below the threshold value. 10. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle and the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner sets a threshold value higher as the driving proficiency level increases and makes a determination to not execute processing if the travel difficulty level is above the threshold value. 11. The assistance system according to claim 1,
wherein the assistance system executes processing relating to a behavior model for an utterance, detected information for the utterance is input to the detected information inputter, and the acquirer acquires, as one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, at least one information item from among content of the utterance, a speaker of the utterance, and a processing position of the behavior model. 12. The assistance system according to claim 11,
wherein the acquirer acquires the utterance content, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the utterance content acquired by the acquirer is unplanned. 13. The assistance system according to claim 11,
wherein the acquirer recognizes the utterance speaker, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the utterance speaker recognized by the acquirer is unplanned. 14. The assistance system according to claim 11,
wherein the acquirer acquires the processing position of the behavior model, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the processing position of the behavior model acquired by the acquirer is not spaced apart from the utterance position via the network. 15. The assistance system according to claim 1,
wherein the assistance system executes processing relating to a behavior model for a device, detected information for the device is input to the detected information inputter, and the acquirer acquires, as one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, at least one information item from among operation content of the device, human presence in the neighborhood of the device, and the emotions of the person operating the device. 16. The assistance system according to claim 15,
wherein the acquirer acquires the operation content of the device, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the operation content of the device acquired by the acquirer is unplanned. 17. The assistance system according to claim 15,
wherein the acquirer recognizes human presence in the neighborhood of the device, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the human presence recognition performed by the acquirer indicates no human presence. 18. The assistance system according to claim 15,
wherein the acquirer acquires the emotions of the person operating the device, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the human emotion acquired by the acquirer is dissatisfaction. 19. An assistance device that executes processing relating to a behavior model, comprising:
a detected information inputter to which detected information is input; an acquirer structured to acquire one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model on the basis of the detected information input to the detected information inputter; a determiner structured to make a determination of whether or not to execute processing on the basis of the one or more information items acquired by the acquirer; and a processor structured to execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to execute processing, wherein the processor does not execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to not execute processing. 20. An assistance method that executes processing relating to a behavior model, comprising the steps of:
inputting detected information; acquiring, on the basis of the detected information thus input, one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model; determining, on the basis of the one or more acquired information items, whether or not to execute processing; executing the processing relating to the behavior model if a determination to execute processing has been made; and not executing the processing relating to the behavior model if a determination to not execute processing has been made. | A driving assistance device executes processing relating to a behavior model of a vehicle. Detected information from the vehicle is input to a detected information inputter. An acquirer derives at least one of a travel difficulty level of a vehicle, a wakefulness level of a driver, and a driving proficiency level of the driver on the basis of the detected information that is input to the detected information inputter. A determiner determines whether or not to execute processing on the basis of at least one information item derived by the acquirer. If the determiner has made a determination to execute the processing, a processor executes the processing relating to the behavior model. It is assumed that the processor does not execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to not execute the processing.1. An assistance system that executes processing relating to a behavior model, comprising:
a detected information inputter to which detected information is input; an acquirer structured to acquire one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, on the basis of the detected information input to the detected information inputter; a determiner structured to make a determination of whether or not to execute processing on the basis of the one or more information items acquired by the acquirer; and a processor structured to execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to execute processing, wherein the processor does not execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to not execute processing. 2. The assistance system according to claim 1,
wherein the assistance system executes processing relating to a behavior model of a vehicle, detected information from the vehicle is input to the detected information inputter, and the acquirer derives, as one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, at least one information item from among a travel difficulty level of the vehicle, a wakefulness level of a driver, and a driving proficiency level of the driver. 3. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the travel difficulty level derived by the acquirer is above a threshold value. 4. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the wakefulness level of the driver, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level derived by the acquirer is below a threshold value. 5. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the driving proficiency level derived by the acquirer is below a threshold value. 6. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives two or more information items from among the travel difficulty level of the vehicle, the wakefulness level of the driver, and the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner determines whether or not to execute processing on the basis of a combination of the two or more information items derived by the acquirer. 7. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle and the wakefulness level of the driver, and in a case where the travel difficulty level is equal to or less than a first threshold value, the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level is below a second threshold value or the wakefulness level is above a third threshold value (the third threshold value >the second threshold value). 8. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle and the wakefulness level of the driver, and in a case where the travel difficulty level is above a first threshold value, the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level is below a fourth threshold value. 9. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the wakefulness level of the driver and the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner sets a threshold value lower as the driving proficiency level increases and makes a determination to not execute processing if the wakefulness level is below the threshold value. 10. The assistance system according to claim 2,
wherein the acquirer derives the travel difficulty level of the vehicle and the driving proficiency level of the driver, and the determiner sets a threshold value higher as the driving proficiency level increases and makes a determination to not execute processing if the travel difficulty level is above the threshold value. 11. The assistance system according to claim 1,
wherein the assistance system executes processing relating to a behavior model for an utterance, detected information for the utterance is input to the detected information inputter, and the acquirer acquires, as one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, at least one information item from among content of the utterance, a speaker of the utterance, and a processing position of the behavior model. 12. The assistance system according to claim 11,
wherein the acquirer acquires the utterance content, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the utterance content acquired by the acquirer is unplanned. 13. The assistance system according to claim 11,
wherein the acquirer recognizes the utterance speaker, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the utterance speaker recognized by the acquirer is unplanned. 14. The assistance system according to claim 11,
wherein the acquirer acquires the processing position of the behavior model, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the processing position of the behavior model acquired by the acquirer is not spaced apart from the utterance position via the network. 15. The assistance system according to claim 1,
wherein the assistance system executes processing relating to a behavior model for a device, detected information for the device is input to the detected information inputter, and the acquirer acquires, as one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model, at least one information item from among operation content of the device, human presence in the neighborhood of the device, and the emotions of the person operating the device. 16. The assistance system according to claim 15,
wherein the acquirer acquires the operation content of the device, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the operation content of the device acquired by the acquirer is unplanned. 17. The assistance system according to claim 15,
wherein the acquirer recognizes human presence in the neighborhood of the device, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the human presence recognition performed by the acquirer indicates no human presence. 18. The assistance system according to claim 15,
wherein the acquirer acquires the emotions of the person operating the device, and the determiner makes a determination to not execute processing if the human emotion acquired by the acquirer is dissatisfaction. 19. An assistance device that executes processing relating to a behavior model, comprising:
a detected information inputter to which detected information is input; an acquirer structured to acquire one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model on the basis of the detected information input to the detected information inputter; a determiner structured to make a determination of whether or not to execute processing on the basis of the one or more information items acquired by the acquirer; and a processor structured to execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to execute processing, wherein the processor does not execute the processing relating to the behavior model if the determiner has made a determination to not execute processing. 20. An assistance method that executes processing relating to a behavior model, comprising the steps of:
inputting detected information; acquiring, on the basis of the detected information thus input, one or more information items affecting the accuracy of the behavior model; determining, on the basis of the one or more acquired information items, whether or not to execute processing; executing the processing relating to the behavior model if a determination to execute processing has been made; and not executing the processing relating to the behavior model if a determination to not execute processing has been made. | 2,800 |
343,992 | 16,803,461 | 2,827 | An object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing geniposide or genipin or both from a material containing geniposide or genipin or both. The present invention is a method for removing geniposide or genipin or both from a material containing geniposide or genipin or both, the method comprising treating the material containing geniposide or genipin or both using an activated carbon having (a) a methylene blue adsorption ability of 50 ml/g or more; and (b) an iodine adsorption ability of 750 mg/g or more, thereby removing geniposide or genipin or both. | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A colorant preparation comprising a gardenia-derived colorant produced by a method comprising
treating a material comprising geniposide or genipin or both with an activated carbon having: (a) a methylene blue adsorption ability in a range of 50 ml/g or more, and (b) an iodine adsorption ability in a range of 750 mg/g or more. 9. A colored composition comprising the colorant preparation of claim 8. 10. The colored composition according to claim 9, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of a food, a perfumery, a cosmetic, a pharmaceutical, a quasi-drug, and a feedstuff. 11. A gardenia blue having a total content of geniposide and genipin in a range of 300 ppm or less, which is a total content of geniposide and genipin when the gardenia blue has a color value of 100. | An object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing geniposide or genipin or both from a material containing geniposide or genipin or both. The present invention is a method for removing geniposide or genipin or both from a material containing geniposide or genipin or both, the method comprising treating the material containing geniposide or genipin or both using an activated carbon having (a) a methylene blue adsorption ability of 50 ml/g or more; and (b) an iodine adsorption ability of 750 mg/g or more, thereby removing geniposide or genipin or both.1-7. (canceled) 8. A colorant preparation comprising a gardenia-derived colorant produced by a method comprising
treating a material comprising geniposide or genipin or both with an activated carbon having: (a) a methylene blue adsorption ability in a range of 50 ml/g or more, and (b) an iodine adsorption ability in a range of 750 mg/g or more. 9. A colored composition comprising the colorant preparation of claim 8. 10. The colored composition according to claim 9, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of a food, a perfumery, a cosmetic, a pharmaceutical, a quasi-drug, and a feedstuff. 11. A gardenia blue having a total content of geniposide and genipin in a range of 300 ppm or less, which is a total content of geniposide and genipin when the gardenia blue has a color value of 100. | 2,800 |
343,993 | 16,803,452 | 2,827 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus and methods for cleaning an exhaust path of a semiconductor process tool. One embodiment provides an exhaust pipe section and a pipe cleaning assembly connected between a semiconductor process tool and a factory exhaust. The pipe cleaning assembly includes a residue remover disposed in the exhaust pipe section. The residue remover is operable to move in the exhaust pipe section to dislodge accumulated materials from an inner surface of the exhaust pipe section. | 1. A method of semiconductor processing, comprising:
flowing an exhaust through an exhaust pipe; monitoring accumulated material in the exhaust pipe; activating a residue remover disposed in the exhaust pipe to remove accumulated materials from the exhaust pipe; passing the exhaust through a gas-liquid separator connected to the exhaust pipe downstream from the residue remover and upstream from a factory exhaust, the gas-liquid separator including a first pipe section having a first end and a second end, the first pipe section including a first port passing through a side of the first pipe section for exhausting gas from the first pipe section; contacting the exhaust with a first deflector above the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section above the first port; contacting the exhaust with a second deflector below the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section below the first port; contacting the exhaust with a third deflector between the first deflector and the second deflector and extending from the side of the first pipe section; and directing a liquid portion in the exhaust flow to a drain. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dispensing a cleaning agent in the exhaust pipe prior to activating the residue remover. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising soaking the exhaust pipe in the cleaning agent after dispensing the cleaning agent. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the accumulated material comprises monitoring measurement of an optical sensor. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the residue remover comprises driving the residue remover back and forth in the exhaust pipe using an actuator. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
directing a liquid portion in the exhaust to a drain. 7. An exhaust assembly for a semiconductor process tool, comprising:
an exhaust pipe section; a sensor positioned to detect accumulated materials in the exhaust pipe section; a dispenser positioned to dispense a cleaning agent in the exhaust pipe section; a residue remover disposed in the exhaust pipe section, wherein the residue remover is operable to move in the exhaust pipe section to dislodge accumulated materials from an inner surface of the exhaust pipe section; a gas-liquid separator connected to the exhaust pipe section downstream from the residue remover and upstream from a factory exhaust, the gas-liquid separator including a first pipe section having a first end and a second end, the first pipe section including a first port passing through a side of the first pipe section for exhausting gas from the first pipe section; a first deflector above the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section above the first port; a second deflector below the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section below the first port; a third deflector between the first deflector and the second deflector and extending from the side of the first pipe section; and a drain. 8. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, further comprising an actuator coupled to the residue remover and operable to move the residue remover in the exhaust pipe section. 9. The exhaust assembly of claim 8, wherein the actuator is a magnetic track. 10. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein the residue remover comprises:
a ring-shaped body having an outer surface positioned against the inner surface of the exhaust pipe section. 11. The exhaust assembly of claim 10, wherein the ring-shaped body has a sloped surface, and the sloped surface and the outer surface of the ring-shaped body form a wedge. 12. The exhaust assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor is an optical sensor. 13. The exhaust assembly of claim 13, wherein the gas-liquid separator further comprises a second pipe section connected to the first pipe section at the first port, and the first pipe section has a second port connected to the drain. 14. The exhaust assembly of claim 13, wherein the first deflector is positioned to direct a liquid portion in an exhaust gas entering the first pipe section to the second port. 15. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein the dispenser comprises a plurality of dispensers. 16. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, further comprising a magnetic drive system coupled to the residue remover. 17. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein the cleaning agent is a solvent for the accumulated material. 18. The exhaust assembly of claim 16, wherein the magnetic drive system includes a curved magnetic track. 19. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein one or more of the first deflector, second deflector and third deflector occupy more than 50% of a cross-sectional area of the first pipe section. 20. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein one or more of the first deflector, second deflector and third deflector is attached to the first pipe section at an angle between 30 degrees to 60 degrees relative to an axial direction of the first pipe section. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus and methods for cleaning an exhaust path of a semiconductor process tool. One embodiment provides an exhaust pipe section and a pipe cleaning assembly connected between a semiconductor process tool and a factory exhaust. The pipe cleaning assembly includes a residue remover disposed in the exhaust pipe section. The residue remover is operable to move in the exhaust pipe section to dislodge accumulated materials from an inner surface of the exhaust pipe section.1. A method of semiconductor processing, comprising:
flowing an exhaust through an exhaust pipe; monitoring accumulated material in the exhaust pipe; activating a residue remover disposed in the exhaust pipe to remove accumulated materials from the exhaust pipe; passing the exhaust through a gas-liquid separator connected to the exhaust pipe downstream from the residue remover and upstream from a factory exhaust, the gas-liquid separator including a first pipe section having a first end and a second end, the first pipe section including a first port passing through a side of the first pipe section for exhausting gas from the first pipe section; contacting the exhaust with a first deflector above the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section above the first port; contacting the exhaust with a second deflector below the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section below the first port; contacting the exhaust with a third deflector between the first deflector and the second deflector and extending from the side of the first pipe section; and directing a liquid portion in the exhaust flow to a drain. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dispensing a cleaning agent in the exhaust pipe prior to activating the residue remover. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising soaking the exhaust pipe in the cleaning agent after dispensing the cleaning agent. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the accumulated material comprises monitoring measurement of an optical sensor. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the residue remover comprises driving the residue remover back and forth in the exhaust pipe using an actuator. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
directing a liquid portion in the exhaust to a drain. 7. An exhaust assembly for a semiconductor process tool, comprising:
an exhaust pipe section; a sensor positioned to detect accumulated materials in the exhaust pipe section; a dispenser positioned to dispense a cleaning agent in the exhaust pipe section; a residue remover disposed in the exhaust pipe section, wherein the residue remover is operable to move in the exhaust pipe section to dislodge accumulated materials from an inner surface of the exhaust pipe section; a gas-liquid separator connected to the exhaust pipe section downstream from the residue remover and upstream from a factory exhaust, the gas-liquid separator including a first pipe section having a first end and a second end, the first pipe section including a first port passing through a side of the first pipe section for exhausting gas from the first pipe section; a first deflector above the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section above the first port; a second deflector below the first port and extending from the side of the first pipe section below the first port; a third deflector between the first deflector and the second deflector and extending from the side of the first pipe section; and a drain. 8. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, further comprising an actuator coupled to the residue remover and operable to move the residue remover in the exhaust pipe section. 9. The exhaust assembly of claim 8, wherein the actuator is a magnetic track. 10. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein the residue remover comprises:
a ring-shaped body having an outer surface positioned against the inner surface of the exhaust pipe section. 11. The exhaust assembly of claim 10, wherein the ring-shaped body has a sloped surface, and the sloped surface and the outer surface of the ring-shaped body form a wedge. 12. The exhaust assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor is an optical sensor. 13. The exhaust assembly of claim 13, wherein the gas-liquid separator further comprises a second pipe section connected to the first pipe section at the first port, and the first pipe section has a second port connected to the drain. 14. The exhaust assembly of claim 13, wherein the first deflector is positioned to direct a liquid portion in an exhaust gas entering the first pipe section to the second port. 15. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein the dispenser comprises a plurality of dispensers. 16. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, further comprising a magnetic drive system coupled to the residue remover. 17. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein the cleaning agent is a solvent for the accumulated material. 18. The exhaust assembly of claim 16, wherein the magnetic drive system includes a curved magnetic track. 19. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein one or more of the first deflector, second deflector and third deflector occupy more than 50% of a cross-sectional area of the first pipe section. 20. The exhaust assembly of claim 7, wherein one or more of the first deflector, second deflector and third deflector is attached to the first pipe section at an angle between 30 degrees to 60 degrees relative to an axial direction of the first pipe section. | 2,800 |
343,994 | 16,803,427 | 2,827 | An improved method forms and employs a wax to modify asphalt. The method includes: (a) selecting a solid polymeric material, (b) heating the solid polymeric material in an extruder to produce a molten polymeric material, (c) filtering the molten polymeric material, (d) placing the molten polymeric material through a chemical depolymerization process in a reactor to produce a depolymerized polymeric material, and (e) adding the depolymerized material to a pre-wax mixture to produce a polymer-modified asphalt. The addition of wax reduced the mixing time necessary to achieve improved polymer dispersion compared to the control formulation modified bitumen and reduced the viscosity of the neat bitumen. Pre-polymer addition of wax is detrimental to most properties of the resulting modified asphalt. Post-polymer addition improved viscosity reduction, higher softening point and improved dimensional stability. | 1. A polymer-modified asphalt comprising:
(a) an amount of a wax, wherein said wax is created via the depolymerization of a polymeric material (b) an amount of styrene-butadiene-styrene; and (c) an amount of asphalt. 2. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises polyethylene. 3. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises polypropylene. 4. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises recycled polyethylene. 5. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises recycled polypropylene. 6. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises a recycled polymer. 7. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of asphalt is between and inclusive of 86% and 98% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 8. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of said wax is between and inclusive of 0.1% and 25% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 9. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said wax has a melting point between and inclusive of 106° C. and 135° C. 10. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said wax has a viscosity between and inclusive of 100-2000 cps. 11. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of styrene-butadiene-styrene is 10% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 12. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1 further comprising an amount of filler. 13. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 12 wherein said filler is limestone. 14. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 12, wherein said amount of filler is 20% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 15. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said wax has a melting point between and inclusive of 60° C. and 160° C. 16. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of said wax is between and inclusive of 2% and 4% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 17. A polymer-modified asphalt comprising:
(a) an amount of a wax, wherein said wax is created via the depolymerization of a polymeric material (b) an amount of atactic polypropylene; and (c) an amount of asphalt. 18. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 17, wherein said amount of said wax is between and inclusive of 0.1% and 25% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 19. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 17, wherein said wax has a melting point between and inclusive of 106° C. and 135° C. 20. A method for forming a wax and employing said wax to modify asphalt, the method comprising adding a depolymerized wax material to a pre-wax mixture to produce a polymer-modified asphalt. | An improved method forms and employs a wax to modify asphalt. The method includes: (a) selecting a solid polymeric material, (b) heating the solid polymeric material in an extruder to produce a molten polymeric material, (c) filtering the molten polymeric material, (d) placing the molten polymeric material through a chemical depolymerization process in a reactor to produce a depolymerized polymeric material, and (e) adding the depolymerized material to a pre-wax mixture to produce a polymer-modified asphalt. The addition of wax reduced the mixing time necessary to achieve improved polymer dispersion compared to the control formulation modified bitumen and reduced the viscosity of the neat bitumen. Pre-polymer addition of wax is detrimental to most properties of the resulting modified asphalt. Post-polymer addition improved viscosity reduction, higher softening point and improved dimensional stability.1. A polymer-modified asphalt comprising:
(a) an amount of a wax, wherein said wax is created via the depolymerization of a polymeric material (b) an amount of styrene-butadiene-styrene; and (c) an amount of asphalt. 2. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises polyethylene. 3. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises polypropylene. 4. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises recycled polyethylene. 5. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises recycled polypropylene. 6. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises a recycled polymer. 7. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of asphalt is between and inclusive of 86% and 98% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 8. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of said wax is between and inclusive of 0.1% and 25% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 9. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said wax has a melting point between and inclusive of 106° C. and 135° C. 10. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said wax has a viscosity between and inclusive of 100-2000 cps. 11. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of styrene-butadiene-styrene is 10% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 12. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1 further comprising an amount of filler. 13. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 12 wherein said filler is limestone. 14. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 12, wherein said amount of filler is 20% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 15. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said wax has a melting point between and inclusive of 60° C. and 160° C. 16. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 1, wherein said amount of said wax is between and inclusive of 2% and 4% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 17. A polymer-modified asphalt comprising:
(a) an amount of a wax, wherein said wax is created via the depolymerization of a polymeric material (b) an amount of atactic polypropylene; and (c) an amount of asphalt. 18. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 17, wherein said amount of said wax is between and inclusive of 0.1% and 25% by weight of said polymer-modified asphalt. 19. The polymer-modified asphalt of claim 17, wherein said wax has a melting point between and inclusive of 106° C. and 135° C. 20. A method for forming a wax and employing said wax to modify asphalt, the method comprising adding a depolymerized wax material to a pre-wax mixture to produce a polymer-modified asphalt. | 2,800 |
343,995 | 16,803,428 | 2,827 | A display apparatus, a content recognizing method thereof, and a non-transitory computer readable recording medium are provided. The display apparatus includes a display, a memory configured to store information regarding a fingerprint which is generated by extracting a characteristic of a content, and a content corresponding to the fingerprint, a communication device configured to communicate with a server, and at least one processor configured to extract a characteristic of a screen of a content currently reproduced on the display and generate a fingerprint, to search presence/absence of a fingerprint matching the generated fingerprint in the memory, and, based on a result of the searching, to determine whether to transmit a query comprising the generated fingerprint to the server to request information on the currently reproduced content. | 1. A display apparatus comprising:
a display; a memory storing a fingerprint which is obtained based on a characteristic of a content, and information regarding the content corresponding to the fingerprint; a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to:
obtain a fingerprint based on a characteristic of a screen of a content currently reproduced on the display,
search presence/absence of a stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint in the memory,
identify, based on a result of the searching, whether to transmit a query comprising the obtained fingerprint to a server through the transceiver to request information on the currently reproduced content,
identify a type of the currently reproduced content using a data recognition model that uses the obtained fingerprint, and
change a content recognition period based on the identified type of the currently reproduced content. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
recognize, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint being found in the memory, the currently reproduced content based on information on a content corresponding to the searched fingerprint, and control, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the memory, the transceiver to transmit the query comprising the fingerprint to the server to request the information on the currently reproduced content. 3. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the memory, the transceiver to receive the information on the currently reproduced content and one or more additional fingerprints of the currently reproduced content from the server. 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
recognize a content in every first period based on the currently reproduced content being an advertisement content, and recognize a content in every second period which is longer than the first period based on the currently reproduced content being a broadcast program content. 5. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
change a quantity of fingerprints of the currently reproduced content to be received according to the identified type of the content. 6. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
calculate a probability that the currently reproduced content is changed based on the information on the currently reproduced content and a viewing history, and change a content recognition period according to the calculated probability. 7. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
predict a content to be reproduced next time based on a viewing history, and request information on the predicted content from the server. 8. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive additional information related to the currently reproduced content from the server, and control the display to display the received additional information with the currently reproduced content. 9. A method for recognizing a content of a display apparatus, the method comprising:
obtaining a fingerprint based on a characteristic of a screen of a currently reproduced content; searching whether a stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint is stored in the display apparatus; identifying, based on a result of the searching, whether to transmit a query comprising the obtained fingerprint to a server to request information on the currently reproduced content; identifying a type of the currently reproduced content using a data recognition model that uses the obtained fingerprint; and changing a content recognition period based on the identified type of the currently reproduced content. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the identifying whether to transmit the query to the external server comprises:
recognizing, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint being found in the display apparatus, the currently reproduced content based on information on a content corresponding to the stored fingerprint, and transmitting, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the display apparatus, the query comprising the fingerprint to the server for requesting the information on the currently reproduced content. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the display apparatus, the information on the currently reproduced content and fingerprints of the currently reproduced content from the server. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the changing of the content recognition period comprises:
recognizing a content in every first period based on the currently reproduced content being an advertisement content, and recognizing a content in every second period which is longer than the first period based on the currently reproduced content being a broadcast program content. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
changing a quantity of fingerprints of the currently reproduced content to be received according to the identified type of the content. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
calculating a probability that the currently reproduced content is changed based on the information on the currently reproduced content and a viewing history; and changing a content recognition period according to the calculated probability. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
predicting a content to be reproduced next time based on a viewing history; and requesting information on the predicted content from the server. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving additional information related to the currently reproduced content from the server; and displaying the received additional information with the currently reproduced content. | A display apparatus, a content recognizing method thereof, and a non-transitory computer readable recording medium are provided. The display apparatus includes a display, a memory configured to store information regarding a fingerprint which is generated by extracting a characteristic of a content, and a content corresponding to the fingerprint, a communication device configured to communicate with a server, and at least one processor configured to extract a characteristic of a screen of a content currently reproduced on the display and generate a fingerprint, to search presence/absence of a fingerprint matching the generated fingerprint in the memory, and, based on a result of the searching, to determine whether to transmit a query comprising the generated fingerprint to the server to request information on the currently reproduced content.1. A display apparatus comprising:
a display; a memory storing a fingerprint which is obtained based on a characteristic of a content, and information regarding the content corresponding to the fingerprint; a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to:
obtain a fingerprint based on a characteristic of a screen of a content currently reproduced on the display,
search presence/absence of a stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint in the memory,
identify, based on a result of the searching, whether to transmit a query comprising the obtained fingerprint to a server through the transceiver to request information on the currently reproduced content,
identify a type of the currently reproduced content using a data recognition model that uses the obtained fingerprint, and
change a content recognition period based on the identified type of the currently reproduced content. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
recognize, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint being found in the memory, the currently reproduced content based on information on a content corresponding to the searched fingerprint, and control, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the memory, the transceiver to transmit the query comprising the fingerprint to the server to request the information on the currently reproduced content. 3. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the memory, the transceiver to receive the information on the currently reproduced content and one or more additional fingerprints of the currently reproduced content from the server. 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
recognize a content in every first period based on the currently reproduced content being an advertisement content, and recognize a content in every second period which is longer than the first period based on the currently reproduced content being a broadcast program content. 5. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
change a quantity of fingerprints of the currently reproduced content to be received according to the identified type of the content. 6. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
calculate a probability that the currently reproduced content is changed based on the information on the currently reproduced content and a viewing history, and change a content recognition period according to the calculated probability. 7. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
predict a content to be reproduced next time based on a viewing history, and request information on the predicted content from the server. 8. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive additional information related to the currently reproduced content from the server, and control the display to display the received additional information with the currently reproduced content. 9. A method for recognizing a content of a display apparatus, the method comprising:
obtaining a fingerprint based on a characteristic of a screen of a currently reproduced content; searching whether a stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint is stored in the display apparatus; identifying, based on a result of the searching, whether to transmit a query comprising the obtained fingerprint to a server to request information on the currently reproduced content; identifying a type of the currently reproduced content using a data recognition model that uses the obtained fingerprint; and changing a content recognition period based on the identified type of the currently reproduced content. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the identifying whether to transmit the query to the external server comprises:
recognizing, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint being found in the display apparatus, the currently reproduced content based on information on a content corresponding to the stored fingerprint, and transmitting, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the display apparatus, the query comprising the fingerprint to the server for requesting the information on the currently reproduced content. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving, based on the stored fingerprint matching the obtained fingerprint not being found in the display apparatus, the information on the currently reproduced content and fingerprints of the currently reproduced content from the server. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the changing of the content recognition period comprises:
recognizing a content in every first period based on the currently reproduced content being an advertisement content, and recognizing a content in every second period which is longer than the first period based on the currently reproduced content being a broadcast program content. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
changing a quantity of fingerprints of the currently reproduced content to be received according to the identified type of the content. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
calculating a probability that the currently reproduced content is changed based on the information on the currently reproduced content and a viewing history; and changing a content recognition period according to the calculated probability. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
predicting a content to be reproduced next time based on a viewing history; and requesting information on the predicted content from the server. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving additional information related to the currently reproduced content from the server; and displaying the received additional information with the currently reproduced content. | 2,800 |
343,996 | 16,803,431 | 3,715 | Methods and systems facilitate the adjustment of probabilities of triggering different bonus games in a slot machine where the probability adjustment is based on supplemental data. Programming and data structure design are provided to implement a bonus trigger probability adjusting arrangement based on supplemental data input. Such supplemental data includes the state a dynamic interactive game theme sequence displayed at the gaming machine. Player interactions with the theme can alter the sequence of the theme display and affect the adjustment of probabilities. | 1. A gaming machine comprising:
(a) a display system including a video display; (b) a player input system; (c) a controller operatively coupled to control the display system, and operatively coupled to the player input system, wherein the controller is programmed to:
cause the video display to display a time-varying game theme display sequence including one or more interactive graphical elements;
receive a player interactive input for one of the interactive graphical elements;
in response to the player interactive input, change a state of the time-varying game theme display sequence;
based at least in part on the state of the time-varying game theme display, make an adjustment to a bonus trigger probability data structure to change a probability of at least one of multiple bonus games being triggered in an instance of a game at the gaming machine and thereby place the bonus trigger probability data structure in a modified state in which at least two of the multiple bonus games each have a respective non-zero probability of being triggered in a respective instance of the game after the adjustment; and
in response to a game activation input received through the player input system while the bonus trigger probability data structure is in the modified state, (i) conduct a respective instance of the game to cause a game outcome to be displayed through the display system, and (ii) apply the respective probability of each of the at least two of the multiple bonus games to select one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games, and (iii) activating the selected one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games at the gaming machine. 2. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animated character or animal and in which the change in the state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a visible reaction by the animated character or animal to the player interactive input. 3. The gaming machine of claim 2 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animal and the player interactive input includes activating a simulation of feeding the animal. 4. The gaming machine of claim 2 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements comprises an element that appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence and leaves the time-varying game theme display sequence, and in which the player interactive input has an effect of extending a time during which the one of the interactive graphical element appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence. 5. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the adjustment to the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data regarding a state of a time-varying game theme display sequence displayed at an additional gaming machine. 6. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the adjustment to the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data comprising environmental state data. 7. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the adjustment to the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data not directly adjustable by a player. 8. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the player interactive input comprises a player touch of the one of the interactive graphical elements. 9. The gaming machine of claim 8 in which the player interactive input further comprises a drag across the video display and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a dragging of the one of the interactive graphical elements from a first position on the video display to a second position on the video display in response to the drag across the video display. 10. The gaming machine of claim 9 in which the second position on the video display is adjacent to a second one of the interactive graphical elements and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence further comprises an interaction between the second one of the interactive graphical elements and the one of the interactive graphical elements. 11. A method performed under control of a gaming machine electronic controller, the method comprising:
(a) displaying on a video display a time-varying game theme display sequence including one or more interactive graphical elements; (b) receiving a player interactive input for one of the interactive graphical elements; (c) based on the player interactive input, changing a state of the time-varying game theme display sequence; (d) based at least in part on the state of the time-varying game theme display sequence, adjusting a bonus trigger probability data structure to change a probability of at least one of multiple bonus games being triggered in a respective instance of a game at a gaming machine and thereby placing the bonus trigger probability data structure in a modified state in which at least two of the multiple bonus games each have a non-zero probability of being triggered in a respective instance of the game after the adjusting; and (e) in response to a game activation input at the gaming machine while the bonus trigger probability data structure is in the modified state, (i) conducting a respective instance of the game to cause a game outcome to be displayed through a display system of the gaming machine, and (ii) applying the respective probability of each of the at least two of the multiple bonus games to select one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games, and (iii) activating the selected one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games at the gaming machine. 12. The method of claim 11 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animated character or animal and in which the change in the state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a visible reaction by the animated character or animal to the player interactive input. 13. The method of claim 12 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animal and the player interactive input includes activating a simulation of feeding the animal. 14. The method of claim 12 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements comprises an element that appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence and leaves the time-varying game theme display sequence, and in which the player interactive input has an effect of extending a time during which the one of the interactive graphical element appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence. 15. The method of claim 11 in which adjusting the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data regarding a state of a time-varying game theme display sequence displayed at an additional gaming machine. 16. The method of claim 11 in which adjusting the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data comprising environmental state data. 17. The method of claim 11 in which adjusting the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data not directly adjustable by a player. 18. The method of claim 11 in which the player interactive input comprises a player touch of the one of the interactive graphical elements. 19. The method of claim 18 in which the player interactive input further comprises a drag across the video display and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a dragging of the one of the interactive graphical elements from a first position on the video display to a second position on the video display in response to the drag across the video display. 20. The method of claim 19 in which the second position on the video display is adjacent to a second one of the interactive graphical elements and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence further comprises an interaction between the second one of the interactive graphical elements and the one of the interactive graphical elements. | Methods and systems facilitate the adjustment of probabilities of triggering different bonus games in a slot machine where the probability adjustment is based on supplemental data. Programming and data structure design are provided to implement a bonus trigger probability adjusting arrangement based on supplemental data input. Such supplemental data includes the state a dynamic interactive game theme sequence displayed at the gaming machine. Player interactions with the theme can alter the sequence of the theme display and affect the adjustment of probabilities.1. A gaming machine comprising:
(a) a display system including a video display; (b) a player input system; (c) a controller operatively coupled to control the display system, and operatively coupled to the player input system, wherein the controller is programmed to:
cause the video display to display a time-varying game theme display sequence including one or more interactive graphical elements;
receive a player interactive input for one of the interactive graphical elements;
in response to the player interactive input, change a state of the time-varying game theme display sequence;
based at least in part on the state of the time-varying game theme display, make an adjustment to a bonus trigger probability data structure to change a probability of at least one of multiple bonus games being triggered in an instance of a game at the gaming machine and thereby place the bonus trigger probability data structure in a modified state in which at least two of the multiple bonus games each have a respective non-zero probability of being triggered in a respective instance of the game after the adjustment; and
in response to a game activation input received through the player input system while the bonus trigger probability data structure is in the modified state, (i) conduct a respective instance of the game to cause a game outcome to be displayed through the display system, and (ii) apply the respective probability of each of the at least two of the multiple bonus games to select one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games, and (iii) activating the selected one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games at the gaming machine. 2. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animated character or animal and in which the change in the state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a visible reaction by the animated character or animal to the player interactive input. 3. The gaming machine of claim 2 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animal and the player interactive input includes activating a simulation of feeding the animal. 4. The gaming machine of claim 2 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements comprises an element that appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence and leaves the time-varying game theme display sequence, and in which the player interactive input has an effect of extending a time during which the one of the interactive graphical element appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence. 5. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the adjustment to the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data regarding a state of a time-varying game theme display sequence displayed at an additional gaming machine. 6. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the adjustment to the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data comprising environmental state data. 7. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the adjustment to the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data not directly adjustable by a player. 8. The gaming machine of claim 1 in which the player interactive input comprises a player touch of the one of the interactive graphical elements. 9. The gaming machine of claim 8 in which the player interactive input further comprises a drag across the video display and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a dragging of the one of the interactive graphical elements from a first position on the video display to a second position on the video display in response to the drag across the video display. 10. The gaming machine of claim 9 in which the second position on the video display is adjacent to a second one of the interactive graphical elements and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence further comprises an interaction between the second one of the interactive graphical elements and the one of the interactive graphical elements. 11. A method performed under control of a gaming machine electronic controller, the method comprising:
(a) displaying on a video display a time-varying game theme display sequence including one or more interactive graphical elements; (b) receiving a player interactive input for one of the interactive graphical elements; (c) based on the player interactive input, changing a state of the time-varying game theme display sequence; (d) based at least in part on the state of the time-varying game theme display sequence, adjusting a bonus trigger probability data structure to change a probability of at least one of multiple bonus games being triggered in a respective instance of a game at a gaming machine and thereby placing the bonus trigger probability data structure in a modified state in which at least two of the multiple bonus games each have a non-zero probability of being triggered in a respective instance of the game after the adjusting; and (e) in response to a game activation input at the gaming machine while the bonus trigger probability data structure is in the modified state, (i) conducting a respective instance of the game to cause a game outcome to be displayed through a display system of the gaming machine, and (ii) applying the respective probability of each of the at least two of the multiple bonus games to select one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games, and (iii) activating the selected one of the at least two of the multiple bonus games at the gaming machine. 12. The method of claim 11 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animated character or animal and in which the change in the state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a visible reaction by the animated character or animal to the player interactive input. 13. The method of claim 12 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements includes an animal and the player interactive input includes activating a simulation of feeding the animal. 14. The method of claim 12 in which the one of the interactive graphical elements comprises an element that appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence and leaves the time-varying game theme display sequence, and in which the player interactive input has an effect of extending a time during which the one of the interactive graphical element appears in the time-varying game theme display sequence. 15. The method of claim 11 in which adjusting the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data regarding a state of a time-varying game theme display sequence displayed at an additional gaming machine. 16. The method of claim 11 in which adjusting the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data comprising environmental state data. 17. The method of claim 11 in which adjusting the bonus trigger probability data structure is further based on supplemental data not directly adjustable by a player. 18. The method of claim 11 in which the player interactive input comprises a player touch of the one of the interactive graphical elements. 19. The method of claim 18 in which the player interactive input further comprises a drag across the video display and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence comprises a dragging of the one of the interactive graphical elements from a first position on the video display to a second position on the video display in response to the drag across the video display. 20. The method of claim 19 in which the second position on the video display is adjacent to a second one of the interactive graphical elements and in which the change of state of the time-varying game theme display sequence further comprises an interaction between the second one of the interactive graphical elements and the one of the interactive graphical elements. | 3,700 |
343,997 | 16,803,421 | 3,715 | A gaming system may include a gaming machine having a monetary input device, a wager input device, and a processor. The processor may establish a credit balance based on the monetary value, decrease the credit balance by the selected wager, and present the wagering game at an interface. A game server may transmit content for the wagering game to the gaming machine. The game server may determine prize payouts during game play by detecting sporting event outcomes occurring during live sporting games. Each detected sporting event outcome may correspond to a previously determined prize value. The prize values may be determined based on a data analysis of the probable occurrence of each sporting event outcome in previously completed sporting events. | 1. A gaming system, comprising:
a gaming machine; a processor in electronic communication with the gaming machine; and a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an input signal comprising a wagering value;
detecting, by the processor, a first sporting event outcome of a plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during at least one sporting event, wherein the first sporting event outcome corresponds to a first prize value;
detecting, by the processor, a second sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the at least one sporting event, wherein the second sporting event outcome corresponds to a second prize value;
comparing, by the processor, the first prize value to the second prize value to determine the higher value in response to a first detection time of the first sporting event outcome being equal to a second detection time of the second sporting event outcome; and
retrieving, by the processor, the first prize value or the second prize value based on the comparison. 2. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving, by the processor, pay table symbols corresponding to the detected first sporting event outcome or the detected second sporting event outcome based on the comparison of the first prize value to the second prize value; and displaying, by the processor, the pay table symbols on an interface of the gaming machine. 3. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize payout based on the wagering value and the retrieved first prize value or the retrieved second prize value based on the comparison. 4. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising comparing, by the processor, the first detection time and the second detection time, wherein the first prize value or the second prize value is retrieved based on whether the first detection time or the second detection time occurred first. 5. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sporting event comprises at least one of American football, archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, bowling, boxing, climbing, cricket, cue sports, darts, fishing, golf, handball, hockey, ice-based sports, jai alai, lacrosse, mixed martial arts, polo, racing, rugby, skateboarding, soccer, softball, table tennis, tennis, water-based sports, wrestling, or volleyball. 6. A method, comprising:
defining, by a processor, a plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during at least one sporting event; receiving, by a processor an input signal comprising a wager value; detecting, by the processor, a first sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the at least one sporting event, wherein the first sporting event outcome corresponds to a first prize value; detecting, by the processor, a second sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the at least one sporting event, wherein the second sporting event outcome corresponds to a second prize value; comparing, by the processor, the first prize value to the second prize value to determine the higher value in response to a first detection time of the first sporting event outcome being equal to a second detection time of the second sporting event outcome; and retrieving, by the processor, the first prize value or the second prize value based on the comparison. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
analyzing, by the processor, previously completed sporting events in which at least a portion of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurred; determining, by the processor, a probable occurrence of each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes based on the analysis of the previously completed sporting events; 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize value for each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes, wherein the prize value for each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes, including the first prize value and the second prize value, is based on the probable occurrence; 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the prize value for each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes is further based on a game payout. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising assigning, by the processor, a pay table symbol to each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising storing, by the processor, at least one of the plurality of sporting event outcomes, the probable occurrence, the pay table symbol, or the prize value on a gaming machine. 12. The method of claim 6, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize payout based on the wagering value and the retrieved first prize value or the retrieved second prize value based on the comparison. 13. The method of claim 6, further comprising comparing, by the processor, the first detection time and the second detection time, wherein the first prize value or the second prize value is retrieved based on whether the first detection time or the second detection time occurred first. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one sporting event comprises at least one of American football, archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, bowling, boxing, climbing, cricket, cue sports, darts, fishing, golf, handball, hockey, ice-based sports, jai alai, lacrosse, mixed martial arts, polo, racing, rugby, skateboarding, soccer, softball, table tennis, tennis, water-based sports, wrestling, or volleyball. 15. A gaming system, comprising:
a gaming machine; a processor in electronic communication with the gaming machine; and a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a gaming machine activation event comprising a wagering value;
detecting, by the processor, a first sporting event outcome of a plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during a sporting event, wherein the first sporting event outcome corresponds to a first prize value that is calculated based on a big data analysis of a probable occurrence of the first sporting event outcome in previously completed sporting events;
detecting, by the processor, a second sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the sporting event, wherein the second sporting event outcome corresponds to a second prize value that is calculated based on the big data analysis of a probable occurrence of the second sporting event outcome in previously completed sporting events;
comparing, by the processor, the first prize value to the second prize value to determine the higher value in response to a first detection time of the first sporting event outcome being equal to a second detection time of the second sporting event outcome;
retrieving, by the processor, the first prize value or the second prize value based on the comparison. 16. The gaming system of claim 15, wherein the sporting event outcome is detected by monitoring the live sporting events for a predetermined time based on the plurality of sporting event outcomes. 17. The gaming system of claim 15, wherein the sporting event outcome is detected by receiving a presorted series of detected sporting event outcomes occurring during the sporting event. 18. The gaming system of claim 15, further comprising:
retrieving, by the processor, pay table symbols corresponding to the first detected sporting event outcome or the detected second sporting event outcome based on the comparison of the first prize value and the second prize value; and displaying, by the processor, the pay table symbols on an interface of the gaming machine. 19. The gaming system of claim 15, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize payout based on the wagering value and the retrieved first prize value or the retrieved second prize value. 20. The gaming system of claim 15, further comprising comparing, by the processor, the first detection time and the second detection time, wherein the first prize value or the second prize value is retrieved based on whether the first detection time or the second detection time occurred first. | A gaming system may include a gaming machine having a monetary input device, a wager input device, and a processor. The processor may establish a credit balance based on the monetary value, decrease the credit balance by the selected wager, and present the wagering game at an interface. A game server may transmit content for the wagering game to the gaming machine. The game server may determine prize payouts during game play by detecting sporting event outcomes occurring during live sporting games. Each detected sporting event outcome may correspond to a previously determined prize value. The prize values may be determined based on a data analysis of the probable occurrence of each sporting event outcome in previously completed sporting events.1. A gaming system, comprising:
a gaming machine; a processor in electronic communication with the gaming machine; and a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an input signal comprising a wagering value;
detecting, by the processor, a first sporting event outcome of a plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during at least one sporting event, wherein the first sporting event outcome corresponds to a first prize value;
detecting, by the processor, a second sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the at least one sporting event, wherein the second sporting event outcome corresponds to a second prize value;
comparing, by the processor, the first prize value to the second prize value to determine the higher value in response to a first detection time of the first sporting event outcome being equal to a second detection time of the second sporting event outcome; and
retrieving, by the processor, the first prize value or the second prize value based on the comparison. 2. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving, by the processor, pay table symbols corresponding to the detected first sporting event outcome or the detected second sporting event outcome based on the comparison of the first prize value to the second prize value; and displaying, by the processor, the pay table symbols on an interface of the gaming machine. 3. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize payout based on the wagering value and the retrieved first prize value or the retrieved second prize value based on the comparison. 4. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising comparing, by the processor, the first detection time and the second detection time, wherein the first prize value or the second prize value is retrieved based on whether the first detection time or the second detection time occurred first. 5. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sporting event comprises at least one of American football, archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, bowling, boxing, climbing, cricket, cue sports, darts, fishing, golf, handball, hockey, ice-based sports, jai alai, lacrosse, mixed martial arts, polo, racing, rugby, skateboarding, soccer, softball, table tennis, tennis, water-based sports, wrestling, or volleyball. 6. A method, comprising:
defining, by a processor, a plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during at least one sporting event; receiving, by a processor an input signal comprising a wager value; detecting, by the processor, a first sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the at least one sporting event, wherein the first sporting event outcome corresponds to a first prize value; detecting, by the processor, a second sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the at least one sporting event, wherein the second sporting event outcome corresponds to a second prize value; comparing, by the processor, the first prize value to the second prize value to determine the higher value in response to a first detection time of the first sporting event outcome being equal to a second detection time of the second sporting event outcome; and retrieving, by the processor, the first prize value or the second prize value based on the comparison. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
analyzing, by the processor, previously completed sporting events in which at least a portion of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurred; determining, by the processor, a probable occurrence of each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes based on the analysis of the previously completed sporting events; 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize value for each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes, wherein the prize value for each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes, including the first prize value and the second prize value, is based on the probable occurrence; 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the prize value for each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes is further based on a game payout. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising assigning, by the processor, a pay table symbol to each of the plurality of sporting event outcomes. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising storing, by the processor, at least one of the plurality of sporting event outcomes, the probable occurrence, the pay table symbol, or the prize value on a gaming machine. 12. The method of claim 6, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize payout based on the wagering value and the retrieved first prize value or the retrieved second prize value based on the comparison. 13. The method of claim 6, further comprising comparing, by the processor, the first detection time and the second detection time, wherein the first prize value or the second prize value is retrieved based on whether the first detection time or the second detection time occurred first. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one sporting event comprises at least one of American football, archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, bowling, boxing, climbing, cricket, cue sports, darts, fishing, golf, handball, hockey, ice-based sports, jai alai, lacrosse, mixed martial arts, polo, racing, rugby, skateboarding, soccer, softball, table tennis, tennis, water-based sports, wrestling, or volleyball. 15. A gaming system, comprising:
a gaming machine; a processor in electronic communication with the gaming machine; and a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processor, a gaming machine activation event comprising a wagering value;
detecting, by the processor, a first sporting event outcome of a plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during a sporting event, wherein the first sporting event outcome corresponds to a first prize value that is calculated based on a big data analysis of a probable occurrence of the first sporting event outcome in previously completed sporting events;
detecting, by the processor, a second sporting event outcome of the plurality of sporting event outcomes occurring during the sporting event, wherein the second sporting event outcome corresponds to a second prize value that is calculated based on the big data analysis of a probable occurrence of the second sporting event outcome in previously completed sporting events;
comparing, by the processor, the first prize value to the second prize value to determine the higher value in response to a first detection time of the first sporting event outcome being equal to a second detection time of the second sporting event outcome;
retrieving, by the processor, the first prize value or the second prize value based on the comparison. 16. The gaming system of claim 15, wherein the sporting event outcome is detected by monitoring the live sporting events for a predetermined time based on the plurality of sporting event outcomes. 17. The gaming system of claim 15, wherein the sporting event outcome is detected by receiving a presorted series of detected sporting event outcomes occurring during the sporting event. 18. The gaming system of claim 15, further comprising:
retrieving, by the processor, pay table symbols corresponding to the first detected sporting event outcome or the detected second sporting event outcome based on the comparison of the first prize value and the second prize value; and displaying, by the processor, the pay table symbols on an interface of the gaming machine. 19. The gaming system of claim 15, further comprising calculating, by the processor, a prize payout based on the wagering value and the retrieved first prize value or the retrieved second prize value. 20. The gaming system of claim 15, further comprising comparing, by the processor, the first detection time and the second detection time, wherein the first prize value or the second prize value is retrieved based on whether the first detection time or the second detection time occurred first. | 3,700 |
343,998 | 16,803,454 | 3,715 | A logic-memory cell includes a spin-orbit torque device having first, second and third terminals configured such that current between the second and third terminals is capable of changing a resistance between the first and second terminals. In the cell, a first transistor is connected between a logic connection line and the first terminal of the spin-orbit torque device and a second transistor is connected between the logic connection line and the third terminal of the spin-orbit torque device. | 1. A logic-memory cell comprising:
a spin-orbit torque device having first, second and third terminals configured such that current between the second and third terminals is capable of changing a resistance between the first and second terminals; a first transistor connected between a logic connection line and the first terminal of the spin-orbit torque device; and a second transistor connected between the logic connection line and the third terminal of the spin-orbit torque device. 2. The logic-memory cell of claim 1 wherein current passes through the first transistor when a read operation is performed on the logic-memory cell. 3. The logic-memory cell of claim 2 wherein current passes through the second transistor when a write operation is performed on the logic-memory cell. 4. The logic-memory cell of claim 1 wherein the spin-orbit torque device comprises a magnetic tunnel junction and a spin-orbit torque channel. 5. The logic-memory cell of claim 4 wherein the second and third terminal are connected to opposing ends of the spin-orbit torque channel. 6. The logic-memory cell of claim 5 wherein the magnetic tunnel junction is located between the first terminal and the spin-orbit torque channel. 7. The logic-memory cell of claim 1 wherein current between the second and third terminals in a first direction is capable of increasing the resistance between the first and second terminals and current between the second and third terminals in a second direction is capable of decreasing the resistance between the first and second terminals. 8. A cell array comprising:
a plurality of cells; a logic connection line connected to each cell in the plurality of cells; a plurality of write lines, each write line connected to a respective cell in the plurality of cells; a plurality of read lines, each read line connected to a respective cell in the plurality of cells; wherein during a logic operation, at least one of the plurality of read lines is used to connect at least one respective cell of the plurality of cells to the logic connection line to provide at least one respective input value for the logic operation and one of the plurality of write lines is used to connect a respective cell of the plurality of cells to the logic connection line to produce and store an output value for the logic operation. 9. The cell array of claim 8 further comprising a first select line and a second select line wherein each of the at least one respective cell that provides at least one respective input value is connected to the first select line and the cell that produces and stores the output value is connected to the second select line. 10. The cell array of claim 8 wherein during the logic operation a voltage is applied between the first select line and the second select line. 11. The cell array of claim 8 wherein each cell comprises a spin-orbit torque device. 12. The cell array of claim 11 wherein each spin-orbit torque device comprises a magnetic tunnel junction and a spin-orbit torque channel wherein the respective read line for each cell controls current through the magnetic tunnel junction and the respective write line for each cell controls current through the spin-orbit torque channel. 13. The cell array of claim 8 further comprising:
a second plurality of cells;
a second logic connection line connected to each cell in the second plurality of cells;
wherein each write line is connected to a respective cell in the second plurality of cells and each read line is connected to a respective cell in the second plurality of cells. 14. The cell array of claim 13 further comprising a switching transistor connected between the logic connection line and the second logic connection line such that current flows from the logic connection line through the switching transistor to the second logic connection line. 15. The cell array of claim 14 wherein during a second logic operation a cell in the plurality of cells provides an input value for the second logic operation and a cell in the second plurality of cells produces and stores an output value for the second logic operation. 16. A method comprising:
setting a read line of a first cell and a write line of a second cell to cause current to pass through a magnetic tunnel junction of the first cell, through a logic connection line connecting the first cell and the second cell and through a spin-orbit torque channel of the second cell so as to execute a logic operation and store an output of the logic operation in the second cell. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the second cell further comprises a second magnetic tunnel junction and the output of the logic operation is stored in the second magnetic tunnel junction. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the first cell further comprises a spin-orbit torque channel and wherein the method further comprises before setting the read line of the first cell, setting a write line of the first cell to cause current to pass through the spin-orbit torque channel of the first cell to thereby store an input value for the logic operation in the magnetic tunnel junction of the first cell. 19. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
setting a read line of a third cell to cause current to pass through a magnetic tunnel junction of the third cell, through the logic connection line connecting the third cell and the second cell and through the spin-orbit torque channel of the second cell so as to execute the logic operation and store the output of the logic operation in the second cell. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein causing current to pass through the magnetic tunnel junctions of the first and third cell, the logic connection line and the spin-orbit torque channel of the second cell comprises applying a voltage between a first select line connected to the first and third cell and a second select line connected to the second cell. 21. A pattern matching system implemented in a cell array, wherein each cell in the cell array comprises spin-orbit torque device wherein current along a first path through the cell sets a resistance along a second path through the cell. 22. A cell array that receives power from an energy harvesting system wherein each cell in the cell array comprises a spin-orbit torque device such that execution of an instruction using the cell array causes a result of the instruction to be stored in a non-volatile manner in the cell array. | A logic-memory cell includes a spin-orbit torque device having first, second and third terminals configured such that current between the second and third terminals is capable of changing a resistance between the first and second terminals. In the cell, a first transistor is connected between a logic connection line and the first terminal of the spin-orbit torque device and a second transistor is connected between the logic connection line and the third terminal of the spin-orbit torque device.1. A logic-memory cell comprising:
a spin-orbit torque device having first, second and third terminals configured such that current between the second and third terminals is capable of changing a resistance between the first and second terminals; a first transistor connected between a logic connection line and the first terminal of the spin-orbit torque device; and a second transistor connected between the logic connection line and the third terminal of the spin-orbit torque device. 2. The logic-memory cell of claim 1 wherein current passes through the first transistor when a read operation is performed on the logic-memory cell. 3. The logic-memory cell of claim 2 wherein current passes through the second transistor when a write operation is performed on the logic-memory cell. 4. The logic-memory cell of claim 1 wherein the spin-orbit torque device comprises a magnetic tunnel junction and a spin-orbit torque channel. 5. The logic-memory cell of claim 4 wherein the second and third terminal are connected to opposing ends of the spin-orbit torque channel. 6. The logic-memory cell of claim 5 wherein the magnetic tunnel junction is located between the first terminal and the spin-orbit torque channel. 7. The logic-memory cell of claim 1 wherein current between the second and third terminals in a first direction is capable of increasing the resistance between the first and second terminals and current between the second and third terminals in a second direction is capable of decreasing the resistance between the first and second terminals. 8. A cell array comprising:
a plurality of cells; a logic connection line connected to each cell in the plurality of cells; a plurality of write lines, each write line connected to a respective cell in the plurality of cells; a plurality of read lines, each read line connected to a respective cell in the plurality of cells; wherein during a logic operation, at least one of the plurality of read lines is used to connect at least one respective cell of the plurality of cells to the logic connection line to provide at least one respective input value for the logic operation and one of the plurality of write lines is used to connect a respective cell of the plurality of cells to the logic connection line to produce and store an output value for the logic operation. 9. The cell array of claim 8 further comprising a first select line and a second select line wherein each of the at least one respective cell that provides at least one respective input value is connected to the first select line and the cell that produces and stores the output value is connected to the second select line. 10. The cell array of claim 8 wherein during the logic operation a voltage is applied between the first select line and the second select line. 11. The cell array of claim 8 wherein each cell comprises a spin-orbit torque device. 12. The cell array of claim 11 wherein each spin-orbit torque device comprises a magnetic tunnel junction and a spin-orbit torque channel wherein the respective read line for each cell controls current through the magnetic tunnel junction and the respective write line for each cell controls current through the spin-orbit torque channel. 13. The cell array of claim 8 further comprising:
a second plurality of cells;
a second logic connection line connected to each cell in the second plurality of cells;
wherein each write line is connected to a respective cell in the second plurality of cells and each read line is connected to a respective cell in the second plurality of cells. 14. The cell array of claim 13 further comprising a switching transistor connected between the logic connection line and the second logic connection line such that current flows from the logic connection line through the switching transistor to the second logic connection line. 15. The cell array of claim 14 wherein during a second logic operation a cell in the plurality of cells provides an input value for the second logic operation and a cell in the second plurality of cells produces and stores an output value for the second logic operation. 16. A method comprising:
setting a read line of a first cell and a write line of a second cell to cause current to pass through a magnetic tunnel junction of the first cell, through a logic connection line connecting the first cell and the second cell and through a spin-orbit torque channel of the second cell so as to execute a logic operation and store an output of the logic operation in the second cell. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the second cell further comprises a second magnetic tunnel junction and the output of the logic operation is stored in the second magnetic tunnel junction. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the first cell further comprises a spin-orbit torque channel and wherein the method further comprises before setting the read line of the first cell, setting a write line of the first cell to cause current to pass through the spin-orbit torque channel of the first cell to thereby store an input value for the logic operation in the magnetic tunnel junction of the first cell. 19. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
setting a read line of a third cell to cause current to pass through a magnetic tunnel junction of the third cell, through the logic connection line connecting the third cell and the second cell and through the spin-orbit torque channel of the second cell so as to execute the logic operation and store the output of the logic operation in the second cell. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein causing current to pass through the magnetic tunnel junctions of the first and third cell, the logic connection line and the spin-orbit torque channel of the second cell comprises applying a voltage between a first select line connected to the first and third cell and a second select line connected to the second cell. 21. A pattern matching system implemented in a cell array, wherein each cell in the cell array comprises spin-orbit torque device wherein current along a first path through the cell sets a resistance along a second path through the cell. 22. A cell array that receives power from an energy harvesting system wherein each cell in the cell array comprises a spin-orbit torque device such that execution of an instruction using the cell array causes a result of the instruction to be stored in a non-volatile manner in the cell array. | 3,700 |
343,999 | 16,803,459 | 3,715 | Provided are a method of inspecting a surface and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The methods include preparing a substrate, selecting a spatial resolution of a first optical device by setting a magnification of an imaging optical system, emitting multi-wavelength light toward a first measurement area of the substrate and obtaining first wavelength-specific images, generating first spectrum data based on the first wavelength-specific images, generating first spectrum data of respective pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and extracting a spectrum of at least one first inspection area having a range of the first measurement area or less from the first spectrum data, and analyzing the spectrum. The first optical device includes a light source, an objective lens, a detector, and an imaging optical system. The obtaining first wavelength-specific images includes using the imaging optical system and the detector. | 1.-24. (canceled) 25. A method of inspecting a surface, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate which has an inspection area including a first measurement area; performing a first inspection on the first measurement area using an inclined optical device, the inclined optical device including
a first light source,
a stage on which the substrate is placed,
a first polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of light, and
a first detector;
determining a second measurement area which requires further inspection based on the first inspection, the second measurement area being within the first measurement area; performing a second inspection on the substrate using a vertical optical device, the vertical optical device including
a second polarizer, and
a second detector; and
determining a state of inspection parameter of the inspection area based on the first and second inspection, and wherein the performing the first inspection includes:
emitting a first multi-wavelength light toward the first measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining first wavelength-specific images using the first detector,
generating first spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a first spectrum from the first spectrum data, and
wherein the performing the second inspection includes:
emitting a second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining second wavelength-specific images using the second detector,
generating second spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the second wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a second spectrum from the second spectrum data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the adjusting polarization state of light includes setting a polarization angle which is sensitive reaction to the inspection area. 27. The method of claim 25, the vertical optical device is configured to compensate for a position misalignment. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting a position misalignment which occur between the second wavelength-specific images due to a difference between a first wavelength and a second wavelength, and
the correcting the position misalignment includes: measuring the position misalignment between the second wavelength-specific images; moving the stage for each wavelength so as to compensate for the position misalignment; and re-obtaining wavelength-specific corrected images after the stage is moved for each wavelength. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting light intensity distributions due to various angle distributions of the second multi-wavelength light. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the correcting the light intensity distributions includes:
emitting light including various angle distributions using a light source toward a uniform test substrate and generating a correction table based on a light intensity distribution of light reflected by the uniform test substrate; emitting light including various angle distributions using the light source toward the second measurement area and obtaining a preliminary image of the second measurement area; and obtaining a corrected image from the preliminary image using the correction table. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein the state of inspection parameter is at least one of uniformity of a film, a thickness of a structure, a width of a structure, a shape of a structure, an etched depth, a critical dimension (CD), and a physical property of a film. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the vertical optical device further includes an imaging optical system configured to image light detected by the second detector, and
the performing the second inspection further includes selecting a spatial resolution of the vertical optical device before the emitting the second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area, and the selecting the spatial resolution of the vertical optical device including setting a magnification of the imaging optical system. 33. The method of claim 25, wherein the performing the second inspection further includes analyzing the second spectrum after the extracting the second spectrum, and
the analyzing the second spectrum includes predicting a structure of the second measurement area based on matching the second spectrum to a reference spectrum. 34. The method of claim 25, wherein the vertical optical device includes a second light source configured to emit light, and an objective lens configured to transmit light received from the second light source, and
the inclined optical device and the vertical optical device share the stage. 35. A method of inspecting a surface, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate which has an inspection area including a first measurement area; performing a first inspection on the first measurement area using an inclined optical device; determining a second measurement area which requires further inspection based on the first inspection, the second measurement area being within the first measurement area; performing a second inspection on the substrate using a vertical optical device; and determining state of inspection parameter of the inspection area based on the first and second inspection, and wherein the performing the first inspection includes:
emitting a first multi-wavelength light toward the first measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining first wavelength-specific images using a first detector,
generating first spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a first spectrum from the first spectrum data, and
wherein the performing the second inspection includes:
emitting a second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining second wavelength-specific images using a second detector, generating second spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the second wavelength-specific images, and extracting a second spectrum from the second spectrum data. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the inclined optical device includes:
a first light source configured to emit the first multi-wavelength light, a stage on which the substrate is placed, a first polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the first multi-wavelength light, and the first detector, and wherein the vertical optical device includes: a second light source configured to emit the second multi-wavelength light, the stage, a second polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the second multi-wavelength light, and the second detector. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the inclined optical device and the vertical optical device share a stage on which the substrate is placed. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting a position misalignment which occur between the second wavelength-specific images due to a difference between a first wavelength and a second wavelength. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the performing the second inspection further includes selecting a spatial resolution of the vertical optical device before the emitting the second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area. 40. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
performing a prior manufacturing process on a substrate; inspecting the substrate; and performing a subsequent manufacturing process on the substrate after the inspecting the substrate, and wherein the substrate has an inspection area including a first measurement area, and wherein the inspecting the substrate includes: performing a first inspection on the first measurement area using an inclined optical device; determining a second measurement area which requires further inspection based on the first inspection, the second measurement area being within the first measurement area; performing a second inspection on the substrate using a vertical optical device; and determining state of inspection parameter of the inspection area based on the first and second inspection, and wherein the performing the first inspection includes:
emitting a first multi-wavelength light toward the first measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining first wavelength-specific images using a first detector,
generating first spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a first spectrum from the first spectrum data, and
wherein the performing the second inspection includes:
emitting a second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining second wavelength-specific images using a second detector,
generating second spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the second wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a second spectrum from the second spectrum data. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the inclined optical device includes:
a first light source configured to emit the first multi-wavelength light, a stage on which the substrate is placed, a first polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the first multi-wavelength light, and the first detector, and wherein the vertical optical device includes: a second light source configured to emit the second multi-wavelength light, the stage, a second polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the second multi-wavelength light, and the second detector. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting a position misalignment which occur between the second wavelength-specific images due to a difference between a first wavelength and a second wavelength. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the performing the second inspection further includes selecting a spatial resolution of the vertical optical device before the emitting the second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area. 44. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
determining whether it is necessary to perform inspection on the substrate on which the subsequent manufacturing process is performed; and secondarily inspecting the substrate in response to determining that the inspection is necessary, the secondarily inspecting the substrate being performed using the same method as the inspecting the substrate. | Provided are a method of inspecting a surface and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The methods include preparing a substrate, selecting a spatial resolution of a first optical device by setting a magnification of an imaging optical system, emitting multi-wavelength light toward a first measurement area of the substrate and obtaining first wavelength-specific images, generating first spectrum data based on the first wavelength-specific images, generating first spectrum data of respective pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and extracting a spectrum of at least one first inspection area having a range of the first measurement area or less from the first spectrum data, and analyzing the spectrum. The first optical device includes a light source, an objective lens, a detector, and an imaging optical system. The obtaining first wavelength-specific images includes using the imaging optical system and the detector.1.-24. (canceled) 25. A method of inspecting a surface, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate which has an inspection area including a first measurement area; performing a first inspection on the first measurement area using an inclined optical device, the inclined optical device including
a first light source,
a stage on which the substrate is placed,
a first polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of light, and
a first detector;
determining a second measurement area which requires further inspection based on the first inspection, the second measurement area being within the first measurement area; performing a second inspection on the substrate using a vertical optical device, the vertical optical device including
a second polarizer, and
a second detector; and
determining a state of inspection parameter of the inspection area based on the first and second inspection, and wherein the performing the first inspection includes:
emitting a first multi-wavelength light toward the first measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining first wavelength-specific images using the first detector,
generating first spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a first spectrum from the first spectrum data, and
wherein the performing the second inspection includes:
emitting a second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining second wavelength-specific images using the second detector,
generating second spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the second wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a second spectrum from the second spectrum data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the adjusting polarization state of light includes setting a polarization angle which is sensitive reaction to the inspection area. 27. The method of claim 25, the vertical optical device is configured to compensate for a position misalignment. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting a position misalignment which occur between the second wavelength-specific images due to a difference between a first wavelength and a second wavelength, and
the correcting the position misalignment includes: measuring the position misalignment between the second wavelength-specific images; moving the stage for each wavelength so as to compensate for the position misalignment; and re-obtaining wavelength-specific corrected images after the stage is moved for each wavelength. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting light intensity distributions due to various angle distributions of the second multi-wavelength light. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the correcting the light intensity distributions includes:
emitting light including various angle distributions using a light source toward a uniform test substrate and generating a correction table based on a light intensity distribution of light reflected by the uniform test substrate; emitting light including various angle distributions using the light source toward the second measurement area and obtaining a preliminary image of the second measurement area; and obtaining a corrected image from the preliminary image using the correction table. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein the state of inspection parameter is at least one of uniformity of a film, a thickness of a structure, a width of a structure, a shape of a structure, an etched depth, a critical dimension (CD), and a physical property of a film. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the vertical optical device further includes an imaging optical system configured to image light detected by the second detector, and
the performing the second inspection further includes selecting a spatial resolution of the vertical optical device before the emitting the second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area, and the selecting the spatial resolution of the vertical optical device including setting a magnification of the imaging optical system. 33. The method of claim 25, wherein the performing the second inspection further includes analyzing the second spectrum after the extracting the second spectrum, and
the analyzing the second spectrum includes predicting a structure of the second measurement area based on matching the second spectrum to a reference spectrum. 34. The method of claim 25, wherein the vertical optical device includes a second light source configured to emit light, and an objective lens configured to transmit light received from the second light source, and
the inclined optical device and the vertical optical device share the stage. 35. A method of inspecting a surface, the method comprising:
preparing a substrate which has an inspection area including a first measurement area; performing a first inspection on the first measurement area using an inclined optical device; determining a second measurement area which requires further inspection based on the first inspection, the second measurement area being within the first measurement area; performing a second inspection on the substrate using a vertical optical device; and determining state of inspection parameter of the inspection area based on the first and second inspection, and wherein the performing the first inspection includes:
emitting a first multi-wavelength light toward the first measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining first wavelength-specific images using a first detector,
generating first spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a first spectrum from the first spectrum data, and
wherein the performing the second inspection includes:
emitting a second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining second wavelength-specific images using a second detector, generating second spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the second wavelength-specific images, and extracting a second spectrum from the second spectrum data. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the inclined optical device includes:
a first light source configured to emit the first multi-wavelength light, a stage on which the substrate is placed, a first polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the first multi-wavelength light, and the first detector, and wherein the vertical optical device includes: a second light source configured to emit the second multi-wavelength light, the stage, a second polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the second multi-wavelength light, and the second detector. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the inclined optical device and the vertical optical device share a stage on which the substrate is placed. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting a position misalignment which occur between the second wavelength-specific images due to a difference between a first wavelength and a second wavelength. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the performing the second inspection further includes selecting a spatial resolution of the vertical optical device before the emitting the second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area. 40. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
performing a prior manufacturing process on a substrate; inspecting the substrate; and performing a subsequent manufacturing process on the substrate after the inspecting the substrate, and wherein the substrate has an inspection area including a first measurement area, and wherein the inspecting the substrate includes: performing a first inspection on the first measurement area using an inclined optical device; determining a second measurement area which requires further inspection based on the first inspection, the second measurement area being within the first measurement area; performing a second inspection on the substrate using a vertical optical device; and determining state of inspection parameter of the inspection area based on the first and second inspection, and wherein the performing the first inspection includes:
emitting a first multi-wavelength light toward the first measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining first wavelength-specific images using a first detector,
generating first spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the first wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a first spectrum from the first spectrum data, and
wherein the performing the second inspection includes:
emitting a second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area of the substrate,
obtaining second wavelength-specific images using a second detector,
generating second spectrum data of each of at least some of pixels based on the second wavelength-specific images, and
extracting a second spectrum from the second spectrum data. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the inclined optical device includes:
a first light source configured to emit the first multi-wavelength light, a stage on which the substrate is placed, a first polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the first multi-wavelength light, and the first detector, and wherein the vertical optical device includes: a second light source configured to emit the second multi-wavelength light, the stage, a second polarizer configured to adjust polarization state of the second multi-wavelength light, and the second detector. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the obtaining the second wavelength-specific images includes correcting a position misalignment which occur between the second wavelength-specific images due to a difference between a first wavelength and a second wavelength. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the performing the second inspection further includes selecting a spatial resolution of the vertical optical device before the emitting the second multi-wavelength light toward the second measurement area. 44. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
determining whether it is necessary to perform inspection on the substrate on which the subsequent manufacturing process is performed; and secondarily inspecting the substrate in response to determining that the inspection is necessary, the secondarily inspecting the substrate being performed using the same method as the inspecting the substrate. | 3,700 |
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