Unnamed: 0
int64 0
350k
| ApplicationNumber
int64 9.75M
96.1M
| ArtUnit
int64 1.6k
3.99k
| Abstract
stringlengths 7
8.37k
| Claims
stringlengths 3
292k
| abstract-claims
stringlengths 68
293k
| TechCenter
int64 1.6k
3.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
343,600 | 16,803,058 | 2,874 | According to one embodiment, a substrate holding plate includes an inorganic material layer that has through holes and pores therein. The inorganic material layer has a first surface to which a flat surface of a substrate can be adhered for subsequent processing, such as polishing or the like. The pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter that is smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. | 1. A substrate holding plate, comprising an inorganic material layer having through holes and pores therein, the inorganic material layer having a first surface to which a flat surface of a substrate can be adhered, wherein
the pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. 2. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter of the through holes is within a range of 0.5 μm to 20 μm. 3. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer is hydrophobic. 4. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises one of silicon oxide, alumina, silicon carbide, or titanium nitride. 5. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer consists of one material selected from a group consisting of silicon oxide, alumina, silicon carbide, or titanium nitride. 6. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer is silicon oxide. 7. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises a sintered material. 8. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises sintered particles. 9. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reinforcement layer contacting a second surface of the inorganic material layer opposite the first surface. 10. The substrate holding plate according to claim 9, wherein the inorganic material layer has side surfaces at which through holes are exposed. 11. The substrate holding plate according to claim 9, wherein the reinforcement layer is a transparent material. 12. The substrate holding plate according to claim 9, wherein the reinforcement layer is quartz, single-crystal silicon carbide, or sapphire. 13. A polishing target, comprising:
a holding plate including an inorganic material layer having through holes and pores therein, the inorganic material layer having a first surface; and a substrate adhered to the first surface with an adhesive material disposed between the first surface and the substrate, wherein the pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. 14. The polishing target according to claim 13, wherein the adhesive dissolves in organic solvent. 15. The polishing target according to claim 13, wherein the holding plate further includes:
a reinforcement layer contacting a second surface of the inorganic material layer opposite the first surface. 16. The polishing target according to according to claim 15, wherein the reinforcement layer is transparent material. 17. The polishing target according to claim 13, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises silicon oxide and the substrate is a semiconductor wafer. 18. A substrate processing method comprising:
adhering a flat surface of a substrate to a holding plate with an adhesive, wherein the holding plate comprises an inorganic material layer having through holes and pores therein, the inorganic material layer having a first surface to which the flat surface of the substrate is adhered; polishing an opposite surface of the substrate that is opposite to the flat surface and thinning the substrate to a predetermined thickness in the polishing; and supplying a removal agent comprising an organic solvent to an exposed surface of the holding plate after the polishing to weaken the adhesive strength of the adhesive adhering the flat surface of the substrate to the holding plate; and detaching the substrate from the holding plate after supplying the removal agent, wherein the pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. 19. The substrate processing method according to claim 18, wherein the holding plate further comprises a reinforcement layer. 20. The substrate processing method according to claim 18, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of sapphire, diamond, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, boron nitride, silicon, and germanium. | According to one embodiment, a substrate holding plate includes an inorganic material layer that has through holes and pores therein. The inorganic material layer has a first surface to which a flat surface of a substrate can be adhered for subsequent processing, such as polishing or the like. The pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter that is smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer.1. A substrate holding plate, comprising an inorganic material layer having through holes and pores therein, the inorganic material layer having a first surface to which a flat surface of a substrate can be adhered, wherein
the pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. 2. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter of the through holes is within a range of 0.5 μm to 20 μm. 3. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer is hydrophobic. 4. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises one of silicon oxide, alumina, silicon carbide, or titanium nitride. 5. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer consists of one material selected from a group consisting of silicon oxide, alumina, silicon carbide, or titanium nitride. 6. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer is silicon oxide. 7. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises a sintered material. 8. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises sintered particles. 9. The substrate holding plate according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reinforcement layer contacting a second surface of the inorganic material layer opposite the first surface. 10. The substrate holding plate according to claim 9, wherein the inorganic material layer has side surfaces at which through holes are exposed. 11. The substrate holding plate according to claim 9, wherein the reinforcement layer is a transparent material. 12. The substrate holding plate according to claim 9, wherein the reinforcement layer is quartz, single-crystal silicon carbide, or sapphire. 13. A polishing target, comprising:
a holding plate including an inorganic material layer having through holes and pores therein, the inorganic material layer having a first surface; and a substrate adhered to the first surface with an adhesive material disposed between the first surface and the substrate, wherein the pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. 14. The polishing target according to claim 13, wherein the adhesive dissolves in organic solvent. 15. The polishing target according to claim 13, wherein the holding plate further includes:
a reinforcement layer contacting a second surface of the inorganic material layer opposite the first surface. 16. The polishing target according to according to claim 15, wherein the reinforcement layer is transparent material. 17. The polishing target according to claim 13, wherein the inorganic material layer comprises silicon oxide and the substrate is a semiconductor wafer. 18. A substrate processing method comprising:
adhering a flat surface of a substrate to a holding plate with an adhesive, wherein the holding plate comprises an inorganic material layer having through holes and pores therein, the inorganic material layer having a first surface to which the flat surface of the substrate is adhered; polishing an opposite surface of the substrate that is opposite to the flat surface and thinning the substrate to a predetermined thickness in the polishing; and supplying a removal agent comprising an organic solvent to an exposed surface of the holding plate after the polishing to weaken the adhesive strength of the adhesive adhering the flat surface of the substrate to the holding plate; and detaching the substrate from the holding plate after supplying the removal agent, wherein the pores of the inorganic material layer have an average diameter smaller than an average diameter of the through holes of the inorganic material layer. 19. The substrate processing method according to claim 18, wherein the holding plate further comprises a reinforcement layer. 20. The substrate processing method according to claim 18, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of sapphire, diamond, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, boron nitride, silicon, and germanium. | 2,800 |
343,601 | 16,802,958 | 2,874 | Systems and methods are disclosed for assisting with adoption or migration to a cloud-based system architecture. A system can include a network communications device and one or more hardware processors. The one or more hardware processors can create stack code from a code template, host a catalog of code templates including the code template, output identifiers for the catalog via a computer network for presentation, deploy the stack code to a server for use in preparing a virtual container, construct and launch a trial version of the virtual container from the stack code using the server, output training information via the computer network for presentation where the training information is associated with operations of the virtual container, monitor utilization of or performance associated with the virtual container, and output governance information via the computer network for presentation where the governance information is associated with the operations of the virtual container. | 1. A method for configuring multiple infrastructure deployments across a computer network and enabling trials of the multiple infrastructure deployments, the method comprising:
receiving, by a network communications device, a first deployment request and a second deployment request via a computer network; using a code template, constructing, by one or more hardware processors, a first virtual container responsive to the first deployment request and a second virtual container responsive to the second deployment request; initiating, by the one or more hardware processors, performance of processing requested by the first virtual container and the second virtual container and of servicing input and output requests for the first virtual container and the second virtual container without permitting communication between the first virtual container and the second virtual container; determining, by the one or more hardware processors, that the first virtual container is running a trial deployment from a configuration of the first virtual container and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment from a configuration of the second virtual container; restricting, by the one or more hardware processors, a function in the first virtual container without restricting the function in the second virtual container responsive to determining that the first virtual container is running the trial deployment and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment; and deconstructing, by the one or more hardware processors, the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container are no longer accessible. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said constructing the first virtual container and the second virtual container comprises configuring a first infrastructure of a first cloud provider for the first virtual container and a second infrastructure of a second cloud provider for the second virtual container, the first cloud provider being different from the second cloud provider. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising revising, by the one or more hardware processors, the code template responsive to user inputs. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the code template comprises infrastructure as code that defines virtual datacenter infrastructure. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the code template is written in a structured format. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are received from a plurality of end user systems, and further comprising opening, by the one or more hardware processors, sockets to the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container transmit logs of end user activity in the first virtual container and the second virtual container to a plurality of configuration user systems. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are respectively received from a first end user system and a second end user system different from the first end user system, and further comprising outputting, by the one or more hardware processors, a first user interface for the first virtual container for presentation by the first end user system and output a second user interface for the second virtual container for presentation by the second end user system. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first user interface is different from the second user interface. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said deconstructing the first virtual container and the second virtual container is performed responsive to one or more user inputs received via the computer network from one or more configuration user systems. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said restricting the function in the first virtual container comprises limiting a usability of the first virtual container to a trial duration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the trial duration is no more than 10 days. 12. A system for configuring multiple infrastructure deployments across a computer network and enabling trials of the multiple infrastructure deployments, the system comprising:
a network communications device configured to communicate via a computer network and receive a first deployment request and a second deployment request via the computer network; and one or more hardware processors in communication with the network communications device, the one or more hardware processors being configured to:
using a code template, construct a first virtual container responsive to the first deployment request and a second virtual container responsive to the second deployment request,
initiate performance of processing requested by the first virtual container and the second virtual container and servicing of input and output requests for the first virtual container and the second virtual container without permitting communication between the first virtual container and the second virtual container,
determine that the first virtual container is running a trial deployment from a configuration of the first virtual container and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment from a configuration of the second virtual container,
restrict a function in the first virtual container without restricting the function in the second virtual container responsive to determining that the first virtual container is running the trial deployment and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment, and
deconstruct the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container are no longer accessible. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to use the code template to configure a first infrastructure of a first cloud provider for the first virtual container and a second infrastructure of a second cloud provider for the second virtual container, the first cloud provider being different from the second cloud provider. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to revise the code template responsive to user inputs. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the code template comprises infrastructure as code that defines virtual datacenter infrastructure. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are received from a plurality of end user systems, and the one or more hardware processors is configured to open sockets to the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container transmit logs of end user activity in the first virtual container and the second virtual container to a plurality of configuration user systems. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are respectively received from a first end user system and a second end user system different from the first end user system, and the one or more hardware processors is configured to output a first user interface for the first virtual container for presentation by the first end user system and output a second user interface for the second virtual container for presentation by the second end user system. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to deconstruct the first virtual container and the second virtual container responsive to one or more user inputs received via the computer network from one or more configuration user systems. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to restrict the function in the first virtual container by limiting a usability of the first virtual container to a trial duration. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the trial duration is no more than 1 day. | Systems and methods are disclosed for assisting with adoption or migration to a cloud-based system architecture. A system can include a network communications device and one or more hardware processors. The one or more hardware processors can create stack code from a code template, host a catalog of code templates including the code template, output identifiers for the catalog via a computer network for presentation, deploy the stack code to a server for use in preparing a virtual container, construct and launch a trial version of the virtual container from the stack code using the server, output training information via the computer network for presentation where the training information is associated with operations of the virtual container, monitor utilization of or performance associated with the virtual container, and output governance information via the computer network for presentation where the governance information is associated with the operations of the virtual container.1. A method for configuring multiple infrastructure deployments across a computer network and enabling trials of the multiple infrastructure deployments, the method comprising:
receiving, by a network communications device, a first deployment request and a second deployment request via a computer network; using a code template, constructing, by one or more hardware processors, a first virtual container responsive to the first deployment request and a second virtual container responsive to the second deployment request; initiating, by the one or more hardware processors, performance of processing requested by the first virtual container and the second virtual container and of servicing input and output requests for the first virtual container and the second virtual container without permitting communication between the first virtual container and the second virtual container; determining, by the one or more hardware processors, that the first virtual container is running a trial deployment from a configuration of the first virtual container and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment from a configuration of the second virtual container; restricting, by the one or more hardware processors, a function in the first virtual container without restricting the function in the second virtual container responsive to determining that the first virtual container is running the trial deployment and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment; and deconstructing, by the one or more hardware processors, the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container are no longer accessible. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said constructing the first virtual container and the second virtual container comprises configuring a first infrastructure of a first cloud provider for the first virtual container and a second infrastructure of a second cloud provider for the second virtual container, the first cloud provider being different from the second cloud provider. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising revising, by the one or more hardware processors, the code template responsive to user inputs. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the code template comprises infrastructure as code that defines virtual datacenter infrastructure. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the code template is written in a structured format. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are received from a plurality of end user systems, and further comprising opening, by the one or more hardware processors, sockets to the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container transmit logs of end user activity in the first virtual container and the second virtual container to a plurality of configuration user systems. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are respectively received from a first end user system and a second end user system different from the first end user system, and further comprising outputting, by the one or more hardware processors, a first user interface for the first virtual container for presentation by the first end user system and output a second user interface for the second virtual container for presentation by the second end user system. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first user interface is different from the second user interface. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said deconstructing the first virtual container and the second virtual container is performed responsive to one or more user inputs received via the computer network from one or more configuration user systems. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said restricting the function in the first virtual container comprises limiting a usability of the first virtual container to a trial duration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the trial duration is no more than 10 days. 12. A system for configuring multiple infrastructure deployments across a computer network and enabling trials of the multiple infrastructure deployments, the system comprising:
a network communications device configured to communicate via a computer network and receive a first deployment request and a second deployment request via the computer network; and one or more hardware processors in communication with the network communications device, the one or more hardware processors being configured to:
using a code template, construct a first virtual container responsive to the first deployment request and a second virtual container responsive to the second deployment request,
initiate performance of processing requested by the first virtual container and the second virtual container and servicing of input and output requests for the first virtual container and the second virtual container without permitting communication between the first virtual container and the second virtual container,
determine that the first virtual container is running a trial deployment from a configuration of the first virtual container and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment from a configuration of the second virtual container,
restrict a function in the first virtual container without restricting the function in the second virtual container responsive to determining that the first virtual container is running the trial deployment and that the second virtual container is not running the trial deployment, and
deconstruct the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container are no longer accessible. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to use the code template to configure a first infrastructure of a first cloud provider for the first virtual container and a second infrastructure of a second cloud provider for the second virtual container, the first cloud provider being different from the second cloud provider. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to revise the code template responsive to user inputs. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the code template comprises infrastructure as code that defines virtual datacenter infrastructure. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are received from a plurality of end user systems, and the one or more hardware processors is configured to open sockets to the first virtual container and the second virtual container so that the first virtual container and the second virtual container transmit logs of end user activity in the first virtual container and the second virtual container to a plurality of configuration user systems. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the first deployment request and the second deployment request are respectively received from a first end user system and a second end user system different from the first end user system, and the one or more hardware processors is configured to output a first user interface for the first virtual container for presentation by the first end user system and output a second user interface for the second virtual container for presentation by the second end user system. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to deconstruct the first virtual container and the second virtual container responsive to one or more user inputs received via the computer network from one or more configuration user systems. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more hardware processors is configured to restrict the function in the first virtual container by limiting a usability of the first virtual container to a trial duration. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the trial duration is no more than 1 day. | 2,800 |
343,602 | 16,803,038 | 2,874 | A vehicle system includes a steering wheel configured to output an output based on an input from a user, and a controller configured to: determine a target orientation of front wheels of a vehicle based on vehicle environment information, determine whether an orientation of the front wheels of the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel deviates from the target orientation, disengage the steering wheel from the front wheels in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation, adjust the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation and provide a feedback in response to adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation. | 1. A vehicle system comprising:
a steering wheel configured to output an output based on an input from a user; and a controller configured to:
determine a target orientation of front wheels of a vehicle based on vehicle environment information;
determine whether an orientation of the front wheels of the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel deviates from the target orientation;
disengage the steering wheel from the front wheels in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation;
adjust the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation; and
provide a feedback in response to adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation. 2. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
operate the vehicle in an autonomous driving mode in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation. 3. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
engage the steering wheel with the front wheels in response to the steering wheel being aligned with the front wheels; and operate the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to the steering wheel being engaged with the front wheels. 4. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
rotate the steering wheel in a direction until the steering wheel is aligned with the front wheels after the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 5. The vehicle system of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
operate the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to determining that the steering wheel rotates in opposite to the direction. 6. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the steering wheel is disengaged from the front wheels by maintaining an orientation of the steering wheel while the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 7. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the feedback includes a vibration on a portion of the steering wheel. 8. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the feedback includes a haptic feedback provided through the steering wheel. 9. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the feedback includes a rotational torque applied to the steering wheel. 10. The vehicle system of claim 9, wherein the rotational torque is determined based on a difference between an orientation of the steering wheel and the orientation of the front wheels. 11. A method for operating a vehicle, the method comprising:
determining a target orientation of front wheels of the vehicle based on vehicle environment information; determining whether an orientation of the front wheels of the vehicle based on an output from a steering wheel of the vehicle deviates from the target orientation; disengaging the steering wheel from the front wheels in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation; adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation; and providing a feedback in response to adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising
Zoperating the vehicle in an autonomous driving mode in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
engaging the steering wheel with the front wheels in response to the steering wheel being aligned with the front wheels; and operating the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to the steering wheel being engaged with the front wheels. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
rotating the steering wheel in a direction until the steering wheel is aligned with the front wheels after the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
engaging the steering wheel with the front wheels in response to the steering wheel being aligned with the front wheels; and operating the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to the steering wheel being engaged with the front wheels. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the disengaging the steering wheel from the front wheels comprises:
maintaining an orientation of the steering wheel while the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedback includes a vibration on a portion of the steering wheel. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedback includes a haptic feedback provided through the steering wheel. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedback includes a rotational torque applied to the steering wheel. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the rotational torque is determined based on a difference between an orientation of the steering wheel and the orientation of the front wheels. | A vehicle system includes a steering wheel configured to output an output based on an input from a user, and a controller configured to: determine a target orientation of front wheels of a vehicle based on vehicle environment information, determine whether an orientation of the front wheels of the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel deviates from the target orientation, disengage the steering wheel from the front wheels in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation, adjust the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation and provide a feedback in response to adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation.1. A vehicle system comprising:
a steering wheel configured to output an output based on an input from a user; and a controller configured to:
determine a target orientation of front wheels of a vehicle based on vehicle environment information;
determine whether an orientation of the front wheels of the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel deviates from the target orientation;
disengage the steering wheel from the front wheels in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation;
adjust the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation; and
provide a feedback in response to adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation. 2. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
operate the vehicle in an autonomous driving mode in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation. 3. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
engage the steering wheel with the front wheels in response to the steering wheel being aligned with the front wheels; and operate the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to the steering wheel being engaged with the front wheels. 4. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
rotate the steering wheel in a direction until the steering wheel is aligned with the front wheels after the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 5. The vehicle system of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
operate the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to determining that the steering wheel rotates in opposite to the direction. 6. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the steering wheel is disengaged from the front wheels by maintaining an orientation of the steering wheel while the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 7. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the feedback includes a vibration on a portion of the steering wheel. 8. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the feedback includes a haptic feedback provided through the steering wheel. 9. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the feedback includes a rotational torque applied to the steering wheel. 10. The vehicle system of claim 9, wherein the rotational torque is determined based on a difference between an orientation of the steering wheel and the orientation of the front wheels. 11. A method for operating a vehicle, the method comprising:
determining a target orientation of front wheels of the vehicle based on vehicle environment information; determining whether an orientation of the front wheels of the vehicle based on an output from a steering wheel of the vehicle deviates from the target orientation; disengaging the steering wheel from the front wheels in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation; adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation; and providing a feedback in response to adjusting the orientation of the front wheels to the target orientation. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising
Zoperating the vehicle in an autonomous driving mode in response to determination that the orientation of the front wheels deviates from the target orientation. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
engaging the steering wheel with the front wheels in response to the steering wheel being aligned with the front wheels; and operating the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to the steering wheel being engaged with the front wheels. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
rotating the steering wheel in a direction until the steering wheel is aligned with the front wheels after the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
engaging the steering wheel with the front wheels in response to the steering wheel being aligned with the front wheels; and operating the vehicle based on the output from the steering wheel in response to the steering wheel being engaged with the front wheels. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the disengaging the steering wheel from the front wheels comprises:
maintaining an orientation of the steering wheel while the orientation of the front wheels is adjusted to the target orientation. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedback includes a vibration on a portion of the steering wheel. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedback includes a haptic feedback provided through the steering wheel. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the feedback includes a rotational torque applied to the steering wheel. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the rotational torque is determined based on a difference between an orientation of the steering wheel and the orientation of the front wheels. | 2,800 |
343,603 | 16,803,020 | 2,874 | Systems and methods for plasma processing are disclosed. A method includes applying pulsed power to a plasma processing chamber with an excitation source during a first processing step with a first duty cycle and applying, during the first processing step, an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to produce a first plasma sheath voltage between a substrate and a plasma. Pulsed power is applied to the plasma processing chamber with the excitation source during a second processing step with a second duty cycle and during the second processing step, a different asymmetric periodic voltage waveform is applied to the substrate support to produce a different plasma sheath voltage between the substrate and the plasma. | 1. A method for plasma processing, the method comprising:
applying pulsed power to a plasma processing chamber with an excitation source during a first processing step with a first duty cycle; applying, during the first processing step, an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to produce a first plasma sheath voltage between a substrate and a plasma; applying pulsed power to the plasma processing chamber with the excitation source during a second processing step with a second duty cycle, wherein the second processing step follows the first processing step; and applying, during the second processing step, a different asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to the substrate support to produce a different plasma sheath voltage between the substrate and the plasma. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first duty cycle is longer than the second duty cycle and a magnitude of the sheath voltage during the second processing step is less than the magnitude of the sheath voltage during the first processing step. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage of the pulsed power during the second processing step is lower than a voltage of the pulsed power during the first processing step. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the different plasma sheath voltages during one, or both, of the processing steps includes generating a range of sheath voltages. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating the range of sheath voltages includes providing current to a support for the substrate that is at least one of greater than or less than ion current of ions impacting a surface of the substrate. 6. A plasma processing system, the system comprising:
a bias supply configured to apply and modify an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to modify a plasma sheath voltage between the plasma and a substrate within a plasma processing chamber; and at least one controller configured to: synchronize the bias supply with an excitation source during a first processing step to produce a plasma sheath voltage while the excitation source is producing pulsed power with a first duty cycle; and synchronize the bias supply with the excitation source during a second processing step while the excitation source is producing pulsed power with a second duty cycle and apply the asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to produce a different magnitude of the plasma sheath voltage during the second processing step. 7. The plasma processing system of claim 6, wherein the at least one controller is configured to:
control the excitation source so the first duty cycle is longer than the second duty cycle; and control the bias supply so the magnitude of the plasma sheath voltage during the second processing step is less than the magnitude of the plasma sheath voltage during the first processing step. 8. The plasma processing system of claim 6, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the bias supply to produce a range of plasma sheath voltages during one of, or both of, the first and second processing steps. 9. The plasma processing system of claim 8, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the bias supply to provide current to a support for the substrate that is at least one of greater than or less than an ion-current of ions impacting a surface of the substrate to produce the range of plasma sheath voltages. 10. The plasma processing system of claim 6, wherein the at least one controller includes at least one of a processor or a field programmable gate array, and wherein the at least one controller includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, for execution by the processor, or for configuring the field programmable gate array, to control the bias supply. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, for execution by a processor, or for configuring a field programmable gate array, to perform plasma processing, the instructions including instructions to:
apply pulsed power to a plasma processing chamber with an excitation source during a first processing step with a first duty cycle; apply, during the first processing step, an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to produce a first plasma sheath voltage between a substrate and a plasma; apply pulsed power to the plasma processing chamber with the excitation source during a second processing step with a second duty cycle, wherein the second processing step follows the first processing step; and apply, during the second processing step, a different asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to the substrate support to produce a different plasma sheath voltage between the substrate and the plasma. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first duty cycle is longer than the second duty cycle and a magnitude of the sheath voltage during the second processing step is less than the magnitude of the sheath voltage during the first processing step. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein a voltage of the pulsed power during the second processing step is lower than a voltage of the pulsed power during the first processing step. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein generating the different plasma sheath voltages during one, or both, of the processing steps includes generating a range of sheath voltages. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein generating the range of sheath voltages includes providing current to a support for the substrate that is at least one of greater than or less than ion current of ions impacting a surface of the substrate. | Systems and methods for plasma processing are disclosed. A method includes applying pulsed power to a plasma processing chamber with an excitation source during a first processing step with a first duty cycle and applying, during the first processing step, an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to produce a first plasma sheath voltage between a substrate and a plasma. Pulsed power is applied to the plasma processing chamber with the excitation source during a second processing step with a second duty cycle and during the second processing step, a different asymmetric periodic voltage waveform is applied to the substrate support to produce a different plasma sheath voltage between the substrate and the plasma.1. A method for plasma processing, the method comprising:
applying pulsed power to a plasma processing chamber with an excitation source during a first processing step with a first duty cycle; applying, during the first processing step, an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to produce a first plasma sheath voltage between a substrate and a plasma; applying pulsed power to the plasma processing chamber with the excitation source during a second processing step with a second duty cycle, wherein the second processing step follows the first processing step; and applying, during the second processing step, a different asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to the substrate support to produce a different plasma sheath voltage between the substrate and the plasma. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first duty cycle is longer than the second duty cycle and a magnitude of the sheath voltage during the second processing step is less than the magnitude of the sheath voltage during the first processing step. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage of the pulsed power during the second processing step is lower than a voltage of the pulsed power during the first processing step. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the different plasma sheath voltages during one, or both, of the processing steps includes generating a range of sheath voltages. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating the range of sheath voltages includes providing current to a support for the substrate that is at least one of greater than or less than ion current of ions impacting a surface of the substrate. 6. A plasma processing system, the system comprising:
a bias supply configured to apply and modify an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to modify a plasma sheath voltage between the plasma and a substrate within a plasma processing chamber; and at least one controller configured to: synchronize the bias supply with an excitation source during a first processing step to produce a plasma sheath voltage while the excitation source is producing pulsed power with a first duty cycle; and synchronize the bias supply with the excitation source during a second processing step while the excitation source is producing pulsed power with a second duty cycle and apply the asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to produce a different magnitude of the plasma sheath voltage during the second processing step. 7. The plasma processing system of claim 6, wherein the at least one controller is configured to:
control the excitation source so the first duty cycle is longer than the second duty cycle; and control the bias supply so the magnitude of the plasma sheath voltage during the second processing step is less than the magnitude of the plasma sheath voltage during the first processing step. 8. The plasma processing system of claim 6, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the bias supply to produce a range of plasma sheath voltages during one of, or both of, the first and second processing steps. 9. The plasma processing system of claim 8, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the bias supply to provide current to a support for the substrate that is at least one of greater than or less than an ion-current of ions impacting a surface of the substrate to produce the range of plasma sheath voltages. 10. The plasma processing system of claim 6, wherein the at least one controller includes at least one of a processor or a field programmable gate array, and wherein the at least one controller includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, for execution by the processor, or for configuring the field programmable gate array, to control the bias supply. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, for execution by a processor, or for configuring a field programmable gate array, to perform plasma processing, the instructions including instructions to:
apply pulsed power to a plasma processing chamber with an excitation source during a first processing step with a first duty cycle; apply, during the first processing step, an asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to a substrate support to produce a first plasma sheath voltage between a substrate and a plasma; apply pulsed power to the plasma processing chamber with the excitation source during a second processing step with a second duty cycle, wherein the second processing step follows the first processing step; and apply, during the second processing step, a different asymmetric periodic voltage waveform to the substrate support to produce a different plasma sheath voltage between the substrate and the plasma. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first duty cycle is longer than the second duty cycle and a magnitude of the sheath voltage during the second processing step is less than the magnitude of the sheath voltage during the first processing step. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein a voltage of the pulsed power during the second processing step is lower than a voltage of the pulsed power during the first processing step. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein generating the different plasma sheath voltages during one, or both, of the processing steps includes generating a range of sheath voltages. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein generating the range of sheath voltages includes providing current to a support for the substrate that is at least one of greater than or less than ion current of ions impacting a surface of the substrate. | 2,800 |
343,604 | 16,803,000 | 2,874 | Various devices, systems, and methods for knotless suture anchors are provided. In general, a guide device can be cannulated and can be configured to slidably receive therein an inserter tool configured to deliver a suture anchor into a hole formed in bone, such as with a drill advanced through the guide device. The guide device with the inserter tool therein can be configured to be held as a unit by one hand of a person, e.g., a surgeon or other medical personnel. | 1. A surgical system, comprising:
a guide device having a handle and a first elongate shaft extending distally from the handle, the guide device having an inner lumen extending therethrough, the guide device having a first engagement feature on an inner wall of the guide device that defines the inner lumen, and the guide device being configured to guide a drill to a surgical site through the inner lumen thereof; and an inserter tool having a second elongate shaft configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device with an anchor releasably coupled to a distal end of the second elongate shaft, the second elongate shaft having a second engagement feature on an outer surface thereof that is configured to engage the first engagement feature during the distal advancement of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device, and disengagement of the first and second engagement features is configured to automatically cause the anchor to be released from the distal end of the second elongate shaft. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second elongate shaft is configured to be advanced distally into the inner lumen of the guide device in a first type of motion relative to the guide device, and the second elongate shaft is configured to be removed from the inner lumen of the guide device in a second, different type of motion relative to the guide device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second engagement features are configured to cooperate when engaged with one another to prevent the second elongate shaft from being removed from the inner lumen of the guide device using the first type of motion. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the first type of motion is longitudinal translation of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen, and the second type of motion is rotation of the second elongate about a longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first and second engagement features are configured to cooperate when engaged with one another to prevent the second elongate shaft from being removed from the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated through the inner lumen in a proximal direction. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein one of the first and second engagement features is a thread, and the other of the first and second engagement features is a tooth configured to threadably engage the thread. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the inserter tool has a handle with the second elongate shaft extending distally therefrom, the handle of the inserter tool being configured to abut the handle of the guide device when inserted therein to thereby prevent further distal advancement of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first and second engagement features are configured to be engaged when the handle of the inserter tool is abutting the handle of the guide device. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a suture configured to extend through the inner lumen of the guide device, the inserter tool being configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device over the suture with the suture coupled to the anchor. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional inserter tool having an elongate shaft and being configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device with an anchor releasably coupled to a distal end of the elongate shaft, each of the inserter tools being configured to releasably couple to a differently sized anchor. 11. A surgical system, comprising:
a guide device having a first handle and a first elongate shaft extending distally from the first handle, the guide device having an inner lumen extending therethrough, and the guide device being configured to guide a drill through the inner lumen to allow the drill to drill a hole in bone; and an inserter tool having a second handle and a second elongate shaft extending distally from the second handle, the second elongate shaft being configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device, with an anchor releasably coupled to a distal end of the second elongate shaft, by being one of longitudinally translated through the inner lumen and rotated about a longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device, and the second elongate shaft being configured to be removed from the inner lumen of the guide device when the first and second handle are abutting one another only by being the other of longitudinally translated therethrough and rotated about the longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the guide device is configured such that removal of the second elongate shaft of the inserter tool from the inner lumen of the guide device automatically releases the anchor from the distal end of the second elongate shaft. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first elongate shaft has a first engagement feature on an inner surface thereof, and the inserter tool has a second engagement feature on an outer surface thereof that is configured to automatically engage the first engagement feature during the distal advancement of the of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device and that is configured to automatically disengage from the second engagement feature in response to the removal of the second elongate shaft from the inner lumen of the guide device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein one of the first and second engagement features is a thread, and the other of the first and second engagement features is a tooth configured to threadably engage the thread. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first engagement feature is a thread and the second engagement feature is a tooth such that the second elongate shaft is configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated therethrough, and the second elongate shaft is configured to be removed from the inner lumen of the guide device when the first and second handle are abutting one another only by being rotated about the longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first and second handles are configured to abut one another and thereby prevent further distal advancement of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device and position the anchor at a predetermined position relative to the guide device. 17. A surgical method, comprising:
passing a suture through tissue to be anchored to bone; passing a trailing end of the suture extending from the tissue through an inner lumen in a first elongate shaft of a guide device; advancing a drill through the inner lumen of the guide device to form a hole in the bone; advancing a second elongate shaft of an inserter tool over the suture in the inner lumen and through the inner lumen of the guide device to position an anchor, which is coupled to the suture and is releasably coupled to a distal end of the second elongate shaft, in the hole; and removing the second elongate shaft from the inner lumen of the guide device, thereby automatically releasing the anchor from the distal end of the second elongate shaft such that the anchor remains in the hole with the suture coupled to and extending from the anchor. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first elongate shaft has a first engagement feature on an inner surface thereof, and the second elongate shaft has a second engagement feature on an outer surface thereof that automatically engages the first engagement feature during the advancement of the of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device and that automatically disengages from the second engagement feature in response to the removal of the second elongate shaft from the inner lumen of the guide device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second elongate shaft is advanced through the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated therethrough in a distal direction, the second elongate shaft is removed from the inner lumen of the guide device by being rotated about a longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device, and the engagement of the first and second engagement features prevents the second elongate shaft from being removed from the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated therethrough in a proximal direction. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the second elongate shaft is advanced through the inner lumen of the guide device until a handle of the guide device abuts a handle of the inserter tool, the abutment of the handles indicating that the anchor is positioned within the hole, and the first and second engagement features being engaged when the handle of the guide device abuts the handle of the inserter tool. | Various devices, systems, and methods for knotless suture anchors are provided. In general, a guide device can be cannulated and can be configured to slidably receive therein an inserter tool configured to deliver a suture anchor into a hole formed in bone, such as with a drill advanced through the guide device. The guide device with the inserter tool therein can be configured to be held as a unit by one hand of a person, e.g., a surgeon or other medical personnel.1. A surgical system, comprising:
a guide device having a handle and a first elongate shaft extending distally from the handle, the guide device having an inner lumen extending therethrough, the guide device having a first engagement feature on an inner wall of the guide device that defines the inner lumen, and the guide device being configured to guide a drill to a surgical site through the inner lumen thereof; and an inserter tool having a second elongate shaft configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device with an anchor releasably coupled to a distal end of the second elongate shaft, the second elongate shaft having a second engagement feature on an outer surface thereof that is configured to engage the first engagement feature during the distal advancement of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device, and disengagement of the first and second engagement features is configured to automatically cause the anchor to be released from the distal end of the second elongate shaft. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second elongate shaft is configured to be advanced distally into the inner lumen of the guide device in a first type of motion relative to the guide device, and the second elongate shaft is configured to be removed from the inner lumen of the guide device in a second, different type of motion relative to the guide device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second engagement features are configured to cooperate when engaged with one another to prevent the second elongate shaft from being removed from the inner lumen of the guide device using the first type of motion. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the first type of motion is longitudinal translation of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen, and the second type of motion is rotation of the second elongate about a longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first and second engagement features are configured to cooperate when engaged with one another to prevent the second elongate shaft from being removed from the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated through the inner lumen in a proximal direction. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein one of the first and second engagement features is a thread, and the other of the first and second engagement features is a tooth configured to threadably engage the thread. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the inserter tool has a handle with the second elongate shaft extending distally therefrom, the handle of the inserter tool being configured to abut the handle of the guide device when inserted therein to thereby prevent further distal advancement of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first and second engagement features are configured to be engaged when the handle of the inserter tool is abutting the handle of the guide device. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a suture configured to extend through the inner lumen of the guide device, the inserter tool being configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device over the suture with the suture coupled to the anchor. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional inserter tool having an elongate shaft and being configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device with an anchor releasably coupled to a distal end of the elongate shaft, each of the inserter tools being configured to releasably couple to a differently sized anchor. 11. A surgical system, comprising:
a guide device having a first handle and a first elongate shaft extending distally from the first handle, the guide device having an inner lumen extending therethrough, and the guide device being configured to guide a drill through the inner lumen to allow the drill to drill a hole in bone; and an inserter tool having a second handle and a second elongate shaft extending distally from the second handle, the second elongate shaft being configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device, with an anchor releasably coupled to a distal end of the second elongate shaft, by being one of longitudinally translated through the inner lumen and rotated about a longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device, and the second elongate shaft being configured to be removed from the inner lumen of the guide device when the first and second handle are abutting one another only by being the other of longitudinally translated therethrough and rotated about the longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the guide device is configured such that removal of the second elongate shaft of the inserter tool from the inner lumen of the guide device automatically releases the anchor from the distal end of the second elongate shaft. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first elongate shaft has a first engagement feature on an inner surface thereof, and the inserter tool has a second engagement feature on an outer surface thereof that is configured to automatically engage the first engagement feature during the distal advancement of the of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device and that is configured to automatically disengage from the second engagement feature in response to the removal of the second elongate shaft from the inner lumen of the guide device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein one of the first and second engagement features is a thread, and the other of the first and second engagement features is a tooth configured to threadably engage the thread. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the first engagement feature is a thread and the second engagement feature is a tooth such that the second elongate shaft is configured to be advanced distally through the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated therethrough, and the second elongate shaft is configured to be removed from the inner lumen of the guide device when the first and second handle are abutting one another only by being rotated about the longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first and second handles are configured to abut one another and thereby prevent further distal advancement of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device and position the anchor at a predetermined position relative to the guide device. 17. A surgical method, comprising:
passing a suture through tissue to be anchored to bone; passing a trailing end of the suture extending from the tissue through an inner lumen in a first elongate shaft of a guide device; advancing a drill through the inner lumen of the guide device to form a hole in the bone; advancing a second elongate shaft of an inserter tool over the suture in the inner lumen and through the inner lumen of the guide device to position an anchor, which is coupled to the suture and is releasably coupled to a distal end of the second elongate shaft, in the hole; and removing the second elongate shaft from the inner lumen of the guide device, thereby automatically releasing the anchor from the distal end of the second elongate shaft such that the anchor remains in the hole with the suture coupled to and extending from the anchor. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first elongate shaft has a first engagement feature on an inner surface thereof, and the second elongate shaft has a second engagement feature on an outer surface thereof that automatically engages the first engagement feature during the advancement of the of the second elongate shaft through the inner lumen of the guide device and that automatically disengages from the second engagement feature in response to the removal of the second elongate shaft from the inner lumen of the guide device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second elongate shaft is advanced through the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated therethrough in a distal direction, the second elongate shaft is removed from the inner lumen of the guide device by being rotated about a longitudinal axis of the second elongate shaft relative to the guide device, and the engagement of the first and second engagement features prevents the second elongate shaft from being removed from the inner lumen of the guide device by being longitudinally translated therethrough in a proximal direction. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the second elongate shaft is advanced through the inner lumen of the guide device until a handle of the guide device abuts a handle of the inserter tool, the abutment of the handles indicating that the anchor is positioned within the hole, and the first and second engagement features being engaged when the handle of the guide device abuts the handle of the inserter tool. | 2,800 |
343,605 | 16,803,050 | 3,711 | A chisel like cut-on-contact broadhead with at least three single bevel blades aligned ‘edge-to-center’. The fixed broadhead allow single bevel cutting edges to continuously extend from the rearmost radial point to the foremost tip of the broadhead; forming a cut-on-contact point for improved three blade penetration. The ‘edge-to-center’ design where all blade edges align with the longitudinal axis prevent abundant rotation and unnecessary air resistant upon the body of the broadhead during both flight and impact. The right or obtuse angle where the enneagon ferrule and blade intersect provides faster manufacturing while still retaining a smooth polygon shaped ferrule. | 1. A broadhead comprising:
a ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis; the ferrule including a plurality of planar portions arranged around a circumference of the body and extending from the rearward end to the front end, to form a polygonal cross section; a point linked with the ferrule front end; said point comprising a plurality of cutting edges, each cutting edge includes an underside edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; a plurality of blades mounted along the planar portions, each blade includes an underside cutting edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; an insert linked to said rearward end. 2. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from plastic material. 3. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from rubber material. 4. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blades, has a cutting edge, and a single bevel extending toward an overside edge. 5. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blades, is angled forward. 6. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, is angled rearward. 7. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said underside cutting edge of said blades are curved, each curved underside cutting edge is in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge. 8. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis include concave groves in said planar portions. 9. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis includes convex fillets between said planar portions. 10. A broadhead comprising:
a ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis; the ferrule including a plurality of planar portions arranged around a circumference of the body and extending from the rearward end to the front end, to form a polygonal cross section; a point linked with the ferrule front end; said point comprising a plurality of cutting edges, each cutting edge includes an underside edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; a plurality of blades mounted along the planar portions, each blade includes an underside cutting edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; an open hollow core linked to said rearward end of the ferrule. 11. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from plastic material. 12. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from rubber material. 13. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, has a cutting edge, and a single bevel extending toward an overside edge. 14. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, is angled forward. 15. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, is angled rearward. 16. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said underside cutting edge of said blades are curved, each curved underside cutting edge is in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge. 17. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis include concave groves in said planar portions. 18. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis includes convex fillets between said planar portions. | A chisel like cut-on-contact broadhead with at least three single bevel blades aligned ‘edge-to-center’. The fixed broadhead allow single bevel cutting edges to continuously extend from the rearmost radial point to the foremost tip of the broadhead; forming a cut-on-contact point for improved three blade penetration. The ‘edge-to-center’ design where all blade edges align with the longitudinal axis prevent abundant rotation and unnecessary air resistant upon the body of the broadhead during both flight and impact. The right or obtuse angle where the enneagon ferrule and blade intersect provides faster manufacturing while still retaining a smooth polygon shaped ferrule.1. A broadhead comprising:
a ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis; the ferrule including a plurality of planar portions arranged around a circumference of the body and extending from the rearward end to the front end, to form a polygonal cross section; a point linked with the ferrule front end; said point comprising a plurality of cutting edges, each cutting edge includes an underside edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; a plurality of blades mounted along the planar portions, each blade includes an underside cutting edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; an insert linked to said rearward end. 2. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from plastic material. 3. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from rubber material. 4. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blades, has a cutting edge, and a single bevel extending toward an overside edge. 5. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blades, is angled forward. 6. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, is angled rearward. 7. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said underside cutting edge of said blades are curved, each curved underside cutting edge is in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge. 8. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis include concave groves in said planar portions. 9. The broadhead as recited in claim 1, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis includes convex fillets between said planar portions. 10. A broadhead comprising:
a ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis; the ferrule including a plurality of planar portions arranged around a circumference of the body and extending from the rearward end to the front end, to form a polygonal cross section; a point linked with the ferrule front end; said point comprising a plurality of cutting edges, each cutting edge includes an underside edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; a plurality of blades mounted along the planar portions, each blade includes an underside cutting edge in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge; an open hollow core linked to said rearward end of the ferrule. 11. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from plastic material. 12. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said broadhead is manufactured from rubber material. 13. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, has a cutting edge, and a single bevel extending toward an overside edge. 14. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, is angled forward. 15. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein a rearmost underside edge of said blades, extending radially from said ferrule rearward end to the outermost point of the blade, is angled rearward. 16. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said underside cutting edge of said blades are curved, each curved underside cutting edge is in alignment with, and which extends radially away from, the central longitudinal axis, and a single bevel which extends toward an overside edge. 17. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis include concave groves in said planar portions. 18. The broadhead as recited in claim 10, wherein said ferrule, which includes a body extending from a rearward end to a front end along a central longitudinal axis includes convex fillets between said planar portions. | 3,700 |
343,606 | 16,803,040 | 3,711 | A display panel including pixels disposed on a substrate, where each of the pixels includes a light emitting element, and a capacitor. The capacitor of a first one of the pixels is partially overlapped, in a vertical direction, by respective pixel areas of two of the pixels. The anode of the capacitor of the first one of the pixels may be disposed closer to the substrate than a cathode of the capacitor, thereby reducing a parasitic capacitance between the capacitor and an anode of the light emitting element of one of the two pixels overlapping the capacitor. | 1. A display device comprising:
a plurality of pixel circuits formed on a substrate, and including a first pixel circuit and a second pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include: a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, a writing transistor configured to sample a video signal from a signal line, and a driving transistor configured to supply a current according to the video signal, wherein the first pixel circuit is connected to a first electro-optical element, the second pixel circuit is connected to a second electro-optical element, an anode electrode of the first electro-optical element overlaps with at least one of a part of the first electrode or a part of the second electrode of the capacitor of the second pixel circuit from a plan view perspective, and the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to an electrode supplied with a fixed potential. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to a cathode electrode of the first electro-optical element. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits are arranged in an array, and the second pixel circuit is adjacent to the first pixel circuit in a row direction of the array. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits includes a third pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit in the row direction of the array. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the third pixel circuit is connected to a third electro-optical element, the first electro-optical element emits a light of a first color, the second electro-optical element emits a light of a second color, and the third electro-optical element emits a light of a third color, the first color, the second color, and the third color are different from each other. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include an interlayer insulating film formed over the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitor. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include a flattening film formed over the interlayer insulating film. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein an upper surface of the flattening film is substantially planar. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is formed of an insulating material. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel circuit is configured to emit a blue light. 11. A cellular phone comprising:
a casing; and a display device including:
a plurality of pixel circuits formed on a substrate, and including a first pixel circuit and a second pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include:
a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode,
a writing transistor configured to sample a video signal from a signal line, and
a driving transistor configured to supply a current according to the video signal, wherein
the first pixel circuit is connected to a first electro-optical element, the second pixel circuit is connected to a second electro-optical element, an anode electrode of the first electro-optical element overlaps with at least one of a part of the first electrode or a part of the second electrode of the capacitor of the second pixel circuit from a plan view perspective, and the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to an electrode supplied with a fixed potential. 12. The cellular phone according to claim 11, wherein the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to a cathode electrode of the first electro-optical element. 13. The cellular phone according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits are arranged in an array, and the second pixel circuit is adjacent to the first pixel circuit in a row direction of the array. 14. The cellular phone according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits includes a third pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit in the row direction of the array. 15. The cellular phone according to claim 14, wherein
the third pixel circuit is connected to a third electro-optical element, the first electro-optical element emits a light of a first color, the second electro-optical element emits a light of a second color, and the third electro-optical element emits a light of a third color, the first color, the second color, and the third color are different from each other. 16. The cellular phone according to claim 11, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include an interlayer insulating film formed over the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitor. 17. The cellular phone according to claim 16, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include a flattening film formed over the interlayer insulating film. 18. The cellular phone according to claim 17, wherein an upper surface of the flattening film is substantially planar. 19. The cellular phone according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is formed of an insulating material. 20. The cellular phone according to claim 1, further comprising a camera. | A display panel including pixels disposed on a substrate, where each of the pixels includes a light emitting element, and a capacitor. The capacitor of a first one of the pixels is partially overlapped, in a vertical direction, by respective pixel areas of two of the pixels. The anode of the capacitor of the first one of the pixels may be disposed closer to the substrate than a cathode of the capacitor, thereby reducing a parasitic capacitance between the capacitor and an anode of the light emitting element of one of the two pixels overlapping the capacitor.1. A display device comprising:
a plurality of pixel circuits formed on a substrate, and including a first pixel circuit and a second pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include: a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, a writing transistor configured to sample a video signal from a signal line, and a driving transistor configured to supply a current according to the video signal, wherein the first pixel circuit is connected to a first electro-optical element, the second pixel circuit is connected to a second electro-optical element, an anode electrode of the first electro-optical element overlaps with at least one of a part of the first electrode or a part of the second electrode of the capacitor of the second pixel circuit from a plan view perspective, and the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to an electrode supplied with a fixed potential. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to a cathode electrode of the first electro-optical element. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits are arranged in an array, and the second pixel circuit is adjacent to the first pixel circuit in a row direction of the array. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits includes a third pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit in the row direction of the array. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the third pixel circuit is connected to a third electro-optical element, the first electro-optical element emits a light of a first color, the second electro-optical element emits a light of a second color, and the third electro-optical element emits a light of a third color, the first color, the second color, and the third color are different from each other. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include an interlayer insulating film formed over the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitor. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include a flattening film formed over the interlayer insulating film. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein an upper surface of the flattening film is substantially planar. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is formed of an insulating material. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel circuit is configured to emit a blue light. 11. A cellular phone comprising:
a casing; and a display device including:
a plurality of pixel circuits formed on a substrate, and including a first pixel circuit and a second pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include:
a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode,
a writing transistor configured to sample a video signal from a signal line, and
a driving transistor configured to supply a current according to the video signal, wherein
the first pixel circuit is connected to a first electro-optical element, the second pixel circuit is connected to a second electro-optical element, an anode electrode of the first electro-optical element overlaps with at least one of a part of the first electrode or a part of the second electrode of the capacitor of the second pixel circuit from a plan view perspective, and the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to an electrode supplied with a fixed potential. 12. The cellular phone according to claim 11, wherein the second electrode of the capacitor of the first pixel circuit is connected to a cathode electrode of the first electro-optical element. 13. The cellular phone according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits are arranged in an array, and the second pixel circuit is adjacent to the first pixel circuit in a row direction of the array. 14. The cellular phone according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits includes a third pixel circuit adjacent to the first pixel circuit in the row direction of the array. 15. The cellular phone according to claim 14, wherein
the third pixel circuit is connected to a third electro-optical element, the first electro-optical element emits a light of a first color, the second electro-optical element emits a light of a second color, and the third electro-optical element emits a light of a third color, the first color, the second color, and the third color are different from each other. 16. The cellular phone according to claim 11, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include an interlayer insulating film formed over the first electrode and the second electrode of the capacitor. 17. The cellular phone according to claim 16, wherein the first pixel circuit and the second pixel circuit respectively include a flattening film formed over the interlayer insulating film. 18. The cellular phone according to claim 17, wherein an upper surface of the flattening film is substantially planar. 19. The cellular phone according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is formed of an insulating material. 20. The cellular phone according to claim 1, further comprising a camera. | 3,700 |
343,607 | 16,803,061 | 2,831 | A plug socket includes a recess receiving a charging plug in a plug-in direction and a locking element movable from a plug-in position into a blocking position. The recess terminates in an insertion opening in the plug-in direction and has an undercut acting in the plug-in direction to latch a latching element of the charging plug. The locking element in the plug-in position is located in the recess and overlaps the undercut transverse to the plug-in direction. The blocking position is spaced apart from the plug-in position in the plug-in direction and the locking element is located closer to the insertion opening in the blocking position than in the plug-in position. | 1. A plug socket, comprising:
a recess receiving a charging plug in a plug-in direction, the recess terminates in an insertion opening in the plug-in direction and has an undercut acting in the plug-in direction to latch a latching element of the charging plug; and a locking element movable from a plug-in position into a blocking position, the locking element in the plug-in position is located in the recess and overlaps the undercut transverse to the plug-in direction, the blocking position is spaced apart from the plug-in position in the plug-in direction and the locking element is located closer to the insertion opening in the blocking position than in the plug-in position. 2. The plug socket of claim 1, further comprising a drive member. 3. The plug socket of claim 2, wherein the drive member generates an ejection force onto the locking element towards the insertion opening in the plug-in position and/or in a locking element intermediate position between the plug-in position and the blocking position. 4. The plug socket of claim 2, wherein the drive member is connected to the locking element via a deflection device. 5. The plug socket of claim 4, wherein a direction of movement of the deflection device at a drive side has a different direction than a direction of movement of the locking element from the plug-in position into the blocking position. 6. The plug socket of claim 4, wherein the deflection device has a slotted guide. 7. The plug socket of claim 6, wherein the slotted guide has a roller guided into a slot. 8. The plug socket of claim 6, wherein the slotted guide is formed in a slider that is linearly guided in the plug socket. 9. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein, in the blocking position, the locking element is located in the recess between the undercut and a wall opposite the undercut transverse to the plug-in direction. 10. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein the locking element is held movably in the plug-in direction and in a form-fitting manner transverse to the plug-in direction. 11. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein the locking element crosses a bottom of the recess that is opposite to the insertion opening. 12. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein the locking element is pin-shaped at least in a region that is movable into the recess. 13. The plug socket of claim 2, wherein the drive member is spaced apart from the recess. 14. A locking module for a plug socket, comprising:
a drive member; a locking element linearly movable by the drive member; and a deflection device arranged between the drive member and the locking element and connected to the drive member and the locking element, a direction of movement of the deflection device at a drive side has a different direction than a direction of movement of the locking element. | A plug socket includes a recess receiving a charging plug in a plug-in direction and a locking element movable from a plug-in position into a blocking position. The recess terminates in an insertion opening in the plug-in direction and has an undercut acting in the plug-in direction to latch a latching element of the charging plug. The locking element in the plug-in position is located in the recess and overlaps the undercut transverse to the plug-in direction. The blocking position is spaced apart from the plug-in position in the plug-in direction and the locking element is located closer to the insertion opening in the blocking position than in the plug-in position.1. A plug socket, comprising:
a recess receiving a charging plug in a plug-in direction, the recess terminates in an insertion opening in the plug-in direction and has an undercut acting in the plug-in direction to latch a latching element of the charging plug; and a locking element movable from a plug-in position into a blocking position, the locking element in the plug-in position is located in the recess and overlaps the undercut transverse to the plug-in direction, the blocking position is spaced apart from the plug-in position in the plug-in direction and the locking element is located closer to the insertion opening in the blocking position than in the plug-in position. 2. The plug socket of claim 1, further comprising a drive member. 3. The plug socket of claim 2, wherein the drive member generates an ejection force onto the locking element towards the insertion opening in the plug-in position and/or in a locking element intermediate position between the plug-in position and the blocking position. 4. The plug socket of claim 2, wherein the drive member is connected to the locking element via a deflection device. 5. The plug socket of claim 4, wherein a direction of movement of the deflection device at a drive side has a different direction than a direction of movement of the locking element from the plug-in position into the blocking position. 6. The plug socket of claim 4, wherein the deflection device has a slotted guide. 7. The plug socket of claim 6, wherein the slotted guide has a roller guided into a slot. 8. The plug socket of claim 6, wherein the slotted guide is formed in a slider that is linearly guided in the plug socket. 9. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein, in the blocking position, the locking element is located in the recess between the undercut and a wall opposite the undercut transverse to the plug-in direction. 10. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein the locking element is held movably in the plug-in direction and in a form-fitting manner transverse to the plug-in direction. 11. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein the locking element crosses a bottom of the recess that is opposite to the insertion opening. 12. The plug socket of claim 1, wherein the locking element is pin-shaped at least in a region that is movable into the recess. 13. The plug socket of claim 2, wherein the drive member is spaced apart from the recess. 14. A locking module for a plug socket, comprising:
a drive member; a locking element linearly movable by the drive member; and a deflection device arranged between the drive member and the locking element and connected to the drive member and the locking element, a direction of movement of the deflection device at a drive side has a different direction than a direction of movement of the locking element. | 2,800 |
343,608 | 16,802,994 | 2,831 | The present invention relates to an apparatus for transporting aggregates or similar, comprising a conveyor belt for aggregates or similar and actuating means actuating advancement of said conveyor belt. According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a plurality of thermal cameras positioned along the development of said conveyor belt and configured to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt in a plurality of detection positions positioned along said development of the conveyor belt. The apparatus further comprises a processing and control unit communicating data with each one of thermal cameras of said plurality of thermal cameras to receive input temperature data detected by each thermal camera. The processing and control unit is configured to estimate the extent and origin position of an overheating phenomenon of the conveyor belt on the basis of the temperature detected in correspondence of at least two detection positions of said plurality of detection positions. | 1. An apparatus (1) for transporting aggregates or like, comprising a conveyor belt (3) for aggregates or like and actuating means (5) actuating advancement of said conveyor belt (3), characterized in that it comprises a plurality of thermal cameras (2) positioned along the development of said conveyor belt (3) and configured to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in a plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) positioned along said development of the conveyor belt (3), said apparatus (1) further comprising a processing and control unit (4) communicating data with each one of thermal cameras (2) of said plurality of thermal cameras (2) to receive input temperature data detected by each thermal camera (2), said processing and control unit (4) being configured to estimate the extent and origin position of an overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3) on the basis of a temperature detected in correspondence of at least two detection positions (A, B, C, D) of said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D). 2. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said processing and control unit (4) is configured to control said actuating means (5) of said conveyor belt (3) so as to intervene on the advancement of said conveyor belt (3) as a function of said extent of said overheating phenomenon. 3. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said conveyor belt (3) comprises at least a first portion (3A) suitable for conveying said aggregates or like, said apparatus (1) comprising a plurality of rollers (7, 8, 9) configured to support said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3) during its advancement, said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3) comprising a lower surface (30) resting on said rollers (7, 8, 9), said thermal cameras (2) being positioned below said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3) to detect the temperature of said lower surface (30) of said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3). 4. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said thermal cameras (2) are configured to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in said detection positions (A, B, C, D) at the entire transverse width of said conveyor belt (3). 5. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an anti-fire system (10) comprising a plurality of delivery devices (11) of a fire-extinguishing liquid positioned along said development of said conveyor belt (3), said processing and control unit (4) being configured to control the activation of said delivery devices (11) as a function of said extent and of said origin position of said overheating phenomenon. 6. The apparatus (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that said thermal cameras (2) are positioned above said conveyor belt (3) to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt (30) and aggregates transported by said conveyor belt (30) from above. 7. A method for the prevention of fires in an apparatus (1) for transporting aggregates or like, comprising a conveyor belt (3) for aggregates or like and actuating means (5) actuating advancement of said conveyor belt (3), said apparatus (1) further comprising a plurality of thermal cameras (2) positioned along the development of said conveyor belt (3) and configured to measure the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in a plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) positioned along said development of said conveyor belt (3), said method being characterized in that it comprises a step of detecting said temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) and a step of estimating the extent and the origin position of an overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3) on the basis of the temperature measured at at least two detection positions (A, B, C, D) of said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D). 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises the step of controlling said actuating means (5) of said conveyor belt (3) so as to intervene on the advancement of said conveyor belt (3) on the basis of said extent of said overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3). 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that said step of estimating the extent and the origin position of said overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3) is carried out on the basis of said temperature measured at said at least two detection positions (A, B, C, D) and on the basis of the advancing speed of said conveyor belt (3). 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that said step of controlling said actuating means (5) comprises the step of stopping said advancement of said conveyor belt (3) or the step of changing the advancing speed of said conveyor belt (3). 11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that said step of detecting said temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) comprises the step of detecting the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in correspondence with the whole transverse width of said conveyor belt (3) for detecting possible temperature increases located in one or more transverse positions along said transversal width of said conveyor belt (3). | The present invention relates to an apparatus for transporting aggregates or similar, comprising a conveyor belt for aggregates or similar and actuating means actuating advancement of said conveyor belt. According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a plurality of thermal cameras positioned along the development of said conveyor belt and configured to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt in a plurality of detection positions positioned along said development of the conveyor belt. The apparatus further comprises a processing and control unit communicating data with each one of thermal cameras of said plurality of thermal cameras to receive input temperature data detected by each thermal camera. The processing and control unit is configured to estimate the extent and origin position of an overheating phenomenon of the conveyor belt on the basis of the temperature detected in correspondence of at least two detection positions of said plurality of detection positions.1. An apparatus (1) for transporting aggregates or like, comprising a conveyor belt (3) for aggregates or like and actuating means (5) actuating advancement of said conveyor belt (3), characterized in that it comprises a plurality of thermal cameras (2) positioned along the development of said conveyor belt (3) and configured to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in a plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) positioned along said development of the conveyor belt (3), said apparatus (1) further comprising a processing and control unit (4) communicating data with each one of thermal cameras (2) of said plurality of thermal cameras (2) to receive input temperature data detected by each thermal camera (2), said processing and control unit (4) being configured to estimate the extent and origin position of an overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3) on the basis of a temperature detected in correspondence of at least two detection positions (A, B, C, D) of said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D). 2. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said processing and control unit (4) is configured to control said actuating means (5) of said conveyor belt (3) so as to intervene on the advancement of said conveyor belt (3) as a function of said extent of said overheating phenomenon. 3. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said conveyor belt (3) comprises at least a first portion (3A) suitable for conveying said aggregates or like, said apparatus (1) comprising a plurality of rollers (7, 8, 9) configured to support said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3) during its advancement, said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3) comprising a lower surface (30) resting on said rollers (7, 8, 9), said thermal cameras (2) being positioned below said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3) to detect the temperature of said lower surface (30) of said first portion (3A) of said conveyor belt (3). 4. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said thermal cameras (2) are configured to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in said detection positions (A, B, C, D) at the entire transverse width of said conveyor belt (3). 5. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an anti-fire system (10) comprising a plurality of delivery devices (11) of a fire-extinguishing liquid positioned along said development of said conveyor belt (3), said processing and control unit (4) being configured to control the activation of said delivery devices (11) as a function of said extent and of said origin position of said overheating phenomenon. 6. The apparatus (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that said thermal cameras (2) are positioned above said conveyor belt (3) to detect the temperature of said conveyor belt (30) and aggregates transported by said conveyor belt (30) from above. 7. A method for the prevention of fires in an apparatus (1) for transporting aggregates or like, comprising a conveyor belt (3) for aggregates or like and actuating means (5) actuating advancement of said conveyor belt (3), said apparatus (1) further comprising a plurality of thermal cameras (2) positioned along the development of said conveyor belt (3) and configured to measure the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in a plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) positioned along said development of said conveyor belt (3), said method being characterized in that it comprises a step of detecting said temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) and a step of estimating the extent and the origin position of an overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3) on the basis of the temperature measured at at least two detection positions (A, B, C, D) of said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D). 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises the step of controlling said actuating means (5) of said conveyor belt (3) so as to intervene on the advancement of said conveyor belt (3) on the basis of said extent of said overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3). 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that said step of estimating the extent and the origin position of said overheating phenomenon of said conveyor belt (3) is carried out on the basis of said temperature measured at said at least two detection positions (A, B, C, D) and on the basis of the advancing speed of said conveyor belt (3). 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that said step of controlling said actuating means (5) comprises the step of stopping said advancement of said conveyor belt (3) or the step of changing the advancing speed of said conveyor belt (3). 11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that said step of detecting said temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in said plurality of detection positions (A, B, C, D) comprises the step of detecting the temperature of said conveyor belt (3) in correspondence with the whole transverse width of said conveyor belt (3) for detecting possible temperature increases located in one or more transverse positions along said transversal width of said conveyor belt (3). | 2,800 |
343,609 | 16,803,055 | 2,831 | A method of removing a ceramic coating from a ceramic coated metallic article without damaging the metallic bond coating, the metallic article having a first and second portions, each of the portions comprising a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating on the metallic bond coating, the ceramic coating on the second portion being less porous than the ceramic coating on the first portion. The method comprises the steps of a) immersing the ceramic coated metallic article in a caustic solution; b) maintaining the ceramic coated metallic article in the caustic solution at atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time period and at a predetermined temperature; c) removing the ceramic coated metallic article from the caustic solution; d) rinsing the ceramic coated metallic article in water at ambient temperature; e) water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article to remove the ceramic coating; and f) water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article to remove the ceramic coating. | 1. A method of removing a ceramic coating from a ceramic coated metallic article, the metallic article having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating on the metallic bond coating and the second portion having a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating on the metallic bond coating, the ceramic coating on the second portion being less porous than the ceramic coating on the first portion, the method comprising the steps of:
a) immersing the ceramic coated metallic article in a caustic solution, the caustic solution comprising one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; b) maintaining the ceramic coated metallic article in the caustic solution at atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time period and at a predetermined temperature; c) removing the ceramic coated metallic article from the caustic solution; d) rinsing the ceramic coated metallic article in water at ambient temperature; e) water jet blasting the first portion of the ceramic coated metallic article to remove the ceramic coating; and f) water jet blasting the second portion of the ceramic coated metallic article to remove the ceramic coating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein step a) comprises immersing the ceramic coated metallic article in a caustic solution of 46 to 54% potassium hydroxide or a caustic solution of 46 to 54% sodium hydroxide. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein step b) comprises maintaining the ceramic coated metallic article at atmospheric pressure in the caustic solution for at least one hour at a temperature of 200° C. to 220° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein step d) comprises rinsing the ceramic coated metallic article in water for a minimum of 10 minutes. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein step e) comprises water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 296 MPa (40,000 to 43,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 25 to 35 mm and traversing the nozzle over the first portion of the metallic article at a speed of 4 to 6 mm per second. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein step e) comprises water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 290 MPa (40,000 to 42,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 28 to 32 mm and traversing the nozzle over the first portion of the metallic article at a speed of 4.5 to 5.5 mm per second. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein step e) comprises water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 284.7 MPa (41,300 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 30 mm and traversing the nozzle over the first portion of the metallic article at a speed of 5 mm per second. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein step f) comprise water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 296 MPa (40,000 to 43,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 30 to 40 mm and traversing the nozzle over the second portion of the metallic article at a speed of 5 to 8 mm per second. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein step f) comprises water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 290 MPa (40,000 to 42,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 33 to 37 mm and traversing the nozzle over the second portion of the metallic article at a speed of 6 to 7 mm per second. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein step f) comprises water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 284.7 MPa (41,300 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 35 mm and traversing the nozzle over the second portion of the metallic article at a speed of 6.7 mm per second. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic coated metallic article is a turbine blade comprising a root, a shank, a platform and an aerofoil, a turbine vane comprising a first platform, a second platform and an aerofoil extending between and secured to the first and second platforms or a turbine vane segment comprising a first platform, a second platform and a plurality of aerofoils, each aerofoil extending between and secured to the first and second platforms. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first portion of the turbine blade comprises the aerofoil and the second portion of the turbine blade comprises the platform, the first portion of the turbine vane comprises the aerofoil and the second portion of the turbine vane comprises the first and second platforms or the first portion of the turbine vane segment comprises the plurality of aerofoils and the second portion of the turbine vane segment comprises the first and second platforms. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the concave surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the first edge to the second edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the concave surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the second edge to the first edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the concave surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of the aerofoil. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated article comprises a turbine vane, step e) may comprise traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the convex surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the first edge to the second edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the convex surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the second edge to the first edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the convex surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of the aerofoil. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the concave surface of each of the aerofoils of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of each aerofoil. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated article comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of each aerofoil. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the concave surface of each of the aerofoils of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the leading edge and the trailing edge of each aerofoil. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the leading edge and the trailing edge of each aerofoil. 19. The method of claim 5, comprising rotating the nozzle at 1000 rpm+/−100 rpm and the nozzle having a diameter of 0.58 mm. 20. The method of claim 13, comprising arranging the passes of the water jet to overlap by 25%. | A method of removing a ceramic coating from a ceramic coated metallic article without damaging the metallic bond coating, the metallic article having a first and second portions, each of the portions comprising a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating on the metallic bond coating, the ceramic coating on the second portion being less porous than the ceramic coating on the first portion. The method comprises the steps of a) immersing the ceramic coated metallic article in a caustic solution; b) maintaining the ceramic coated metallic article in the caustic solution at atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time period and at a predetermined temperature; c) removing the ceramic coated metallic article from the caustic solution; d) rinsing the ceramic coated metallic article in water at ambient temperature; e) water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article to remove the ceramic coating; and f) water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article to remove the ceramic coating.1. A method of removing a ceramic coating from a ceramic coated metallic article, the metallic article having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating on the metallic bond coating and the second portion having a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating on the metallic bond coating, the ceramic coating on the second portion being less porous than the ceramic coating on the first portion, the method comprising the steps of:
a) immersing the ceramic coated metallic article in a caustic solution, the caustic solution comprising one of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; b) maintaining the ceramic coated metallic article in the caustic solution at atmospheric pressure for a predetermined time period and at a predetermined temperature; c) removing the ceramic coated metallic article from the caustic solution; d) rinsing the ceramic coated metallic article in water at ambient temperature; e) water jet blasting the first portion of the ceramic coated metallic article to remove the ceramic coating; and f) water jet blasting the second portion of the ceramic coated metallic article to remove the ceramic coating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein step a) comprises immersing the ceramic coated metallic article in a caustic solution of 46 to 54% potassium hydroxide or a caustic solution of 46 to 54% sodium hydroxide. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein step b) comprises maintaining the ceramic coated metallic article at atmospheric pressure in the caustic solution for at least one hour at a temperature of 200° C. to 220° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein step d) comprises rinsing the ceramic coated metallic article in water for a minimum of 10 minutes. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein step e) comprises water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 296 MPa (40,000 to 43,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 25 to 35 mm and traversing the nozzle over the first portion of the metallic article at a speed of 4 to 6 mm per second. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein step e) comprises water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 290 MPa (40,000 to 42,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 28 to 32 mm and traversing the nozzle over the first portion of the metallic article at a speed of 4.5 to 5.5 mm per second. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein step e) comprises water jet blasting the first portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 284.7 MPa (41,300 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 30 mm and traversing the nozzle over the first portion of the metallic article at a speed of 5 mm per second. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein step f) comprise water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 296 MPa (40,000 to 43,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 30 to 40 mm and traversing the nozzle over the second portion of the metallic article at a speed of 5 to 8 mm per second. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein step f) comprises water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 275 to 290 MPa (40,000 to 42,000 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 33 to 37 mm and traversing the nozzle over the second portion of the metallic article at a speed of 6 to 7 mm per second. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein step f) comprises water jet blasting the second portion of the metallic article by directing water at the ceramic coating from a nozzle at a pressure of 284.7 MPa (41,300 psi), arranging the nozzle at a stand-off distance from the ceramic coating of 35 mm and traversing the nozzle over the second portion of the metallic article at a speed of 6.7 mm per second. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic coated metallic article is a turbine blade comprising a root, a shank, a platform and an aerofoil, a turbine vane comprising a first platform, a second platform and an aerofoil extending between and secured to the first and second platforms or a turbine vane segment comprising a first platform, a second platform and a plurality of aerofoils, each aerofoil extending between and secured to the first and second platforms. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first portion of the turbine blade comprises the aerofoil and the second portion of the turbine blade comprises the platform, the first portion of the turbine vane comprises the aerofoil and the second portion of the turbine vane comprises the first and second platforms or the first portion of the turbine vane segment comprises the plurality of aerofoils and the second portion of the turbine vane segment comprises the first and second platforms. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the concave surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the first edge to the second edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the concave surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the second edge to the first edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the concave surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of the aerofoil. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated article comprises a turbine vane, step e) may comprise traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the convex surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the first edge to the second edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the convex surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane from the second edge to the first edge of the aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the convex surface of the aerofoil of the turbine vane in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of the aerofoil. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the concave surface of each of the aerofoils of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of each aerofoil. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated article comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the second edge to the first edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the first edge and the second edge of each aerofoil. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the concave surface of each of the aerofoils of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the concave surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the leading edge and the trailing edge of each aerofoil. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the ceramic coated comprises a turbine vane segment, step e) comprises traversing the nozzle in a first pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the first platform, traversing the nozzle in a second pass over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment from the trailing edge to the leading edge of each aerofoil adjacent to the second platform, traversing the nozzle repeatedly back and forth over the convex surface of each aerofoil of the turbine vane segment in a direction between the first and second platforms between the first pass and the second pass with the back and forth traverses spaced apart in a direction between the leading edge and the trailing edge of each aerofoil. 19. The method of claim 5, comprising rotating the nozzle at 1000 rpm+/−100 rpm and the nozzle having a diameter of 0.58 mm. 20. The method of claim 13, comprising arranging the passes of the water jet to overlap by 25%. | 2,800 |
343,610 | 16,803,030 | 2,831 | Methods, systems and computing devices for establishing a content sharing session between computing devices are disclosed. In one example, prior to establishing the content sharing session: (1) user selection input selecting at least a portion of content displayed by a user computing device is received; (2) in response, a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and user-selectable contact selectors is displayed; and (3) user contact input selecting a contact selector corresponding to a selected recipient is received. In response to receiving the user contact input, the content sharing session is established in which the portion of the content is provided to a recipient device associated with the selected recipient. An interaction region is displayed in the content sharing window, and recipient input from the recipient device is displayed in the interaction region. | 1. A system for establishing a content sharing session, the system comprising:
a user computing device comprising a processor and a display configured to display content; and a content sharing program executable by the processor and configured to:
prior to establishing the content sharing session that communicatively couples the user computing device with at least one recipient computing device:
receive user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display;
in response to the user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display, display a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and a plurality of user-selectable contact selectors; and
receive user contact input selecting at least one of the user-selectable contact selectors that corresponds to a selected recipient;
at least in response to receiving the user contact input, establish the content sharing session in which the portion of the content is provided to the at least one recipient computing device, wherein the at least one recipient computing device is associated with the selected recipient;
display an interaction region in the content sharing window; and
display in the interaction region recipient input received from the at least one recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to display a plurality of user-selectable interaction type selectors, wherein each of the user-selectable interaction type selectors is configured to cause sharing of a different type of data between the user computing device and the at least one recipient computing device in the content sharing session. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to display different user-selectable contact selectors based on different user-selectable interaction type selectors being selected. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to enable different user-selectable interaction type selectors based on different user-selectable contact selectors being selected. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the recipient input comprises one or more of audio data, video data, text data and annotation data received from the recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to display a description region in the content sharing window in which a topic of the content sharing session is displayed. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected recipient is a social network. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to provide to the at least one recipient computing device a link to the portion of the content for display by the at least one recipient computing device. 9. A method for establishing a content sharing session between a user computing device and at least one recipient computing device, the method comprising:
prior to establishing the content sharing session:
receiving user selection input selecting at least a portion of content displayed via a display of the user computing device;
in response to the user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display, displaying via the display a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and a plurality of user-selectable contact selectors; and
receiving user contact input selecting at least one of the user-selectable contact selectors that corresponds to a selected recipient;
at least in response to receiving the user contact input, establishing the content sharing session in which the portion of the content is provided to the at least one recipient computing device that is associated with the selected recipient; displaying an interaction region in the content sharing window; and displaying in the interaction region recipient input received from the at least one recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising displaying a plurality of user-selectable interaction type selectors, wherein each of the user-selectable interaction type selectors is configured to cause sharing of a different type of data between the user computing device and the at least one recipient computing device in the content sharing session. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising displaying different user-selectable contact selectors based on different user-selectable interaction type selectors being selected. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising enabling different user-selectable interaction type selectors based on different user-selectable contact selectors being selected. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the recipient input comprises one or more of audio data, video data, text data and annotation data received from the recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
displaying a description region in the content sharing window in which a topic of the content sharing session is displayed; and providing to the at least one recipient computing device the topic for display by the at least one recipient computing device. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected recipient is a social network. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising providing to the at least one recipient computing device a link to the portion of the content for display by the at least one recipient computing device. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a display; a processor; and memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
prior to establishing a content sharing session that communicatively couples the computing device with at least one recipient computing device:
receive user selection input selecting at least a portion of content displayed on the display;
in response to the user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display, generate a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and a plurality of user-selectable contact selectors; and
receive user contact input selecting at least one of the user-selectable contact selectors that corresponds to a selected recipient;
at least in response to receiving the user contact input, establish the content sharing session in which the portion of the content is provided to the at least one recipient computing device, wherein the at least one recipient computing device is associated with the selected recipient; display an interaction region in the content sharing window; and display in the interaction region recipient input received from the at least one recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the instructions are executable to display a plurality of user-selectable interaction type selectors, wherein each of the user-selectable interaction type selectors is configured to cause sharing of a different type of data between the user computing device and the at least one recipient computing device in the content sharing session. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the instructions are executable to display different user-selectable contact selectors based on different user-selectable interaction type selectors being selected. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the instructions are executable to enable different user-selectable interaction type selectors based on different user-selectable contact selectors being selected. | Methods, systems and computing devices for establishing a content sharing session between computing devices are disclosed. In one example, prior to establishing the content sharing session: (1) user selection input selecting at least a portion of content displayed by a user computing device is received; (2) in response, a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and user-selectable contact selectors is displayed; and (3) user contact input selecting a contact selector corresponding to a selected recipient is received. In response to receiving the user contact input, the content sharing session is established in which the portion of the content is provided to a recipient device associated with the selected recipient. An interaction region is displayed in the content sharing window, and recipient input from the recipient device is displayed in the interaction region.1. A system for establishing a content sharing session, the system comprising:
a user computing device comprising a processor and a display configured to display content; and a content sharing program executable by the processor and configured to:
prior to establishing the content sharing session that communicatively couples the user computing device with at least one recipient computing device:
receive user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display;
in response to the user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display, display a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and a plurality of user-selectable contact selectors; and
receive user contact input selecting at least one of the user-selectable contact selectors that corresponds to a selected recipient;
at least in response to receiving the user contact input, establish the content sharing session in which the portion of the content is provided to the at least one recipient computing device, wherein the at least one recipient computing device is associated with the selected recipient;
display an interaction region in the content sharing window; and
display in the interaction region recipient input received from the at least one recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to display a plurality of user-selectable interaction type selectors, wherein each of the user-selectable interaction type selectors is configured to cause sharing of a different type of data between the user computing device and the at least one recipient computing device in the content sharing session. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to display different user-selectable contact selectors based on different user-selectable interaction type selectors being selected. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to enable different user-selectable interaction type selectors based on different user-selectable contact selectors being selected. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the recipient input comprises one or more of audio data, video data, text data and annotation data received from the recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to display a description region in the content sharing window in which a topic of the content sharing session is displayed. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected recipient is a social network. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the content sharing program is further configured to provide to the at least one recipient computing device a link to the portion of the content for display by the at least one recipient computing device. 9. A method for establishing a content sharing session between a user computing device and at least one recipient computing device, the method comprising:
prior to establishing the content sharing session:
receiving user selection input selecting at least a portion of content displayed via a display of the user computing device;
in response to the user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display, displaying via the display a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and a plurality of user-selectable contact selectors; and
receiving user contact input selecting at least one of the user-selectable contact selectors that corresponds to a selected recipient;
at least in response to receiving the user contact input, establishing the content sharing session in which the portion of the content is provided to the at least one recipient computing device that is associated with the selected recipient; displaying an interaction region in the content sharing window; and displaying in the interaction region recipient input received from the at least one recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising displaying a plurality of user-selectable interaction type selectors, wherein each of the user-selectable interaction type selectors is configured to cause sharing of a different type of data between the user computing device and the at least one recipient computing device in the content sharing session. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising displaying different user-selectable contact selectors based on different user-selectable interaction type selectors being selected. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising enabling different user-selectable interaction type selectors based on different user-selectable contact selectors being selected. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the recipient input comprises one or more of audio data, video data, text data and annotation data received from the recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
displaying a description region in the content sharing window in which a topic of the content sharing session is displayed; and providing to the at least one recipient computing device the topic for display by the at least one recipient computing device. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected recipient is a social network. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising providing to the at least one recipient computing device a link to the portion of the content for display by the at least one recipient computing device. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a display; a processor; and memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
prior to establishing a content sharing session that communicatively couples the computing device with at least one recipient computing device:
receive user selection input selecting at least a portion of content displayed on the display;
in response to the user selection input selecting at least a portion of the content displayed on the display, generate a content sharing window comprising the portion of the content and a plurality of user-selectable contact selectors; and
receive user contact input selecting at least one of the user-selectable contact selectors that corresponds to a selected recipient;
at least in response to receiving the user contact input, establish the content sharing session in which the portion of the content is provided to the at least one recipient computing device, wherein the at least one recipient computing device is associated with the selected recipient; display an interaction region in the content sharing window; and display in the interaction region recipient input received from the at least one recipient computing device during the content sharing session. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the instructions are executable to display a plurality of user-selectable interaction type selectors, wherein each of the user-selectable interaction type selectors is configured to cause sharing of a different type of data between the user computing device and the at least one recipient computing device in the content sharing session. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the instructions are executable to display different user-selectable contact selectors based on different user-selectable interaction type selectors being selected. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the instructions are executable to enable different user-selectable interaction type selectors based on different user-selectable contact selectors being selected. | 2,800 |
343,611 | 16,803,047 | 2,831 | A method of forming a three-dimensional object, wherein said three-dimensional object is a footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, is described. The method may use a polymerizable liquid, or resin, useful for the production by additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from said first component. | 1. A method of forming a three-dimensional object, wherein said three-dimensional object is a footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, comprising:
(a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, said carrier and said build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling said build region with a polymerizable liquid, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from said first component; (c) irradiating said build region with light through said optically transparent member to form a solid polymer scaffold from said first component and also advancing said carrier away from said build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having a shape of said footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, said three-dimensional intermediate containing said second solidifiable component carried in said scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; and (d) subsequent to said irradiating step, heating, microwave irradiating, or both heating and microwave irradiating, second solidifiable component in said three-dimensional intermediate to form said footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said second component comprises a polymerizable liquid solubilized in or suspended in said first component. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said second component comprises:
(i) a polymerizable solid suspended in said first component; (ii) a polymerizable solid solubilized in said first component; or (iii) a polymer solubilized in said first component. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object comprises a polymer blend, interpenetrating polymer network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network, or sequential interpenetrating polymer network formed from said first component and said second solidifiable component. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) is carried out by heating said second solidifiable component. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said second solidifiable component comprises the precursors to a polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof, a silicone resin, an epoxy resin, a cyanate ester resin, or a natural rubber. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said second solidifiable component comprises the precursors to a polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said second solidifiable component comprises the precursors to a polyurea or a copolymer or polyurea and polyurethane. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein method is carried out by bottom-up stereolithography. 10. A footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole three-dimensional object produced by the method of claim 1. 11. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear sole. 12. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear heel. 13. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear innersole. 14. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear midsole. 15. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is elastomeric. 16. The object of claim 10, wherein said object comprises enclosed cavities, partially open cavities, or a combination thereof. 17. The object of claim 10, wherein said object comprises repeating unit cells. 18. The object of claim 10, wherein said object comprises lattice structures. | A method of forming a three-dimensional object, wherein said three-dimensional object is a footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, is described. The method may use a polymerizable liquid, or resin, useful for the production by additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from said first component.1. A method of forming a three-dimensional object, wherein said three-dimensional object is a footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, comprising:
(a) providing a carrier and an optically transparent member having a build surface, said carrier and said build surface defining a build region therebetween; (b) filling said build region with a polymerizable liquid, said polymerizable liquid comprising a mixture of (i) a light polymerizable liquid first component, and (ii) a second solidifiable component that is different from said first component; (c) irradiating said build region with light through said optically transparent member to form a solid polymer scaffold from said first component and also advancing said carrier away from said build surface to form a three-dimensional intermediate having a shape of said footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole, said three-dimensional intermediate containing said second solidifiable component carried in said scaffold in unsolidified and/or uncured form; and (d) subsequent to said irradiating step, heating, microwave irradiating, or both heating and microwave irradiating, second solidifiable component in said three-dimensional intermediate to form said footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said second component comprises a polymerizable liquid solubilized in or suspended in said first component. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said second component comprises:
(i) a polymerizable solid suspended in said first component; (ii) a polymerizable solid solubilized in said first component; or (iii) a polymer solubilized in said first component. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional object comprises a polymer blend, interpenetrating polymer network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network, or sequential interpenetrating polymer network formed from said first component and said second solidifiable component. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) is carried out by heating said second solidifiable component. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said second solidifiable component comprises the precursors to a polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof, a silicone resin, an epoxy resin, a cyanate ester resin, or a natural rubber. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said second solidifiable component comprises the precursors to a polyurethane, polyurea, or copolymer thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said second solidifiable component comprises the precursors to a polyurea or a copolymer or polyurea and polyurethane. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein method is carried out by bottom-up stereolithography. 10. A footwear sole, heel, innersole or midsole three-dimensional object produced by the method of claim 1. 11. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear sole. 12. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear heel. 13. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear innersole. 14. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is a footwear midsole. 15. The object of claim 10, wherein the object is elastomeric. 16. The object of claim 10, wherein said object comprises enclosed cavities, partially open cavities, or a combination thereof. 17. The object of claim 10, wherein said object comprises repeating unit cells. 18. The object of claim 10, wherein said object comprises lattice structures. | 2,800 |
343,612 | 16,803,060 | 2,831 | Various embodiments of the present technology provide a distributed overwatch system that allows transactions with government-grade privacy and security. The security and privacy can be achieved by a combination of distributed trusted proxies, to which anonymous users connect with the overwatch of a variety of network security engines. The structured ecosystem provides mechanism for the blockchain to be monitored by an overwatch capability combining big data analytics, intelligent learning, and comprehensive vulnerability assessment to ensure any risks introduced by vulnerabilities are effectively mitigated. The system may include multiple proxy servers geographically distributed around the world. Each proxy can be associated with local network security engines to probe and analyze network traffic. Each proxy can mask sensitive data (e.g., personally identifiable information) within the transaction before it is stored. Various embodiments can interface with most blockchain or distributed ledger technologies that support multi-signature transactions and/or smart contracts. | 1. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a set of block producers that can validate transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a proxy assigned to a group of endpoints,
wherein each proxy endpoint within the group of endpoints routes all transactions and communications through an assigned proxy; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy and to identify threat vectors. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the proxy includes a masking agent to identify and encrypt sensitive data within the transactions before transmitting the transactions to one of the set of block producers. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the proxy includes a routing agent to randomly select, for each of the transactions, a block producer from a set of block producers to which each of the transactions is routed. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the overwatch agent includes:
an ingestion interface to receive the network traffic; a monitoring engine to monitor the network traffic and identify threats; a machine learning engine to identify a baseline network model and classify network traffic; and an alert system to communicate threats identified by the monitoring engine to the proxy or DMLS. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the transactions include cryptocurrency transactions. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more miners to tap the network traffic by passive tapping or inline tapping. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the overwatch agent is further configured to assess both transaction data submitted by an endpoint for recordation on a blockchain of the DMLS, and a point of interaction with the blockchain of the endpoint. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the overwatch agent is further configured to identify threat vectors in the absence of any intermission in routing transactions and communications. 9. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a set of block producers for validating transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a proxy assigned to a group of proxy endpoints,
wherein each proxy endpoint within the group of proxy endpoints routes all transactions and communications through an assigned proxy, and
wherein at least one proxy endpoint of the group of proxy endpoints connects to the assigned proxy as an anonymous endpoint; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy and to identify threat vectors. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein at least some of the transactions and communications contain personally identifiable information (PII) associated with users of proxy endpoints in the group, and wherein the overwatch agent is further configured to identify information in the network traffic constituting a PII misappropriation threat. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the assigned proxy is configured to: classify content in the network traffic according to a generated policy score for the content, and add the content to a blockchain of the DMLS in response to a compliant policy score being generated for the content. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the policy score is generated for the content by an artificial intelligence engine. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the content is classified and scored according to a presence or absence of at least one of: copyrighted content, PII content, and indecent content. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the assigned proxy is further configured to randomly select content from the network traffic for classification and scoring. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the assigned proxy server is configured to anonymize at least some of the data of the transactions and communications by masking PII associated with a user of the at least one proxy endpoint. 16. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a set of block producers that can validate transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a plurality of proxy servers respectively assigned to endpoint groups,
wherein each endpoint within an endpoint group routes all transactions and communications through an assigned proxy server, and
wherein at least one endpoint of the endpoint group connects to the assigned proxy anonymously; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy and to identify threat vectors. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the transactions and communications are routed from each endpoint through the assigned proxy server as messages to one or more block producers of the set of block producers. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein at least some of the messages contain personally identifiable information (PII) of a user associated with the at least one endpoint, and wherein the assigned proxy server is configured to mask the PII prior to routing the at least some of the messages to the one or more block producers. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to mask the PII before transaction data contained in the at least some of the messages is recorded in a blockchain of the DMLS. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the PII includes at least one of: a name, a credit card number, a telephone number, and a social security number. 21. The system of claim 16, wherein two are more of the plurality of proxies are assigned to one or more of the endpoint groups. 22. The system of claim 16, wherein the transactions and communications of each endpoint are routed through the assigned proxy in the absence of sharing data of the transactions and communications with proxies other than the assigned proxy. 23. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a plurality of block producers for validating transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a plurality of proxy servers in communication with the block producers, and endpoints of the plurality of proxy servers, and configured to determine whether a message sent by a proxy endpoint was intended for a respective proxy server,
wherein the message sent by the proxy endpoint is routed to the DMLS through an assigned proxy server selected from a subset of the plurality of proxy servers in response to determining that the message was intended for one or more of the proxy servers of the subset, and
wherein the assigned proxy server is configured to anonymize at least some of the data contained in the message prior to routing the message to the DMLS; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy server and to identify threat vectors. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the message contains transaction data, and wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to select one of the plurality of block producers for routing the transaction to. 25. The system of claim 23, wherein the message contains transaction data, and wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to anonymize the at least some of the data contained in the message by masking personally identifiable information associated with a user of the proxy endpoint in the at some of the data. 26. The system of claim 23, wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to select one of the plurality of block producers for routing the message to. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to randomly select the one block produced from among the plurality of block producers. 28. The system of claim 23, wherein the subset of the plurality of proxy servers is selected from a fixed set of two or more proxy servers of the plurality of proxy servers. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein a composition of proxy servers of the fixed set is changed over time. 30. The system of claim 23, wherein the subset of the plurality of proxy servers is randomly selected from two or more of the plurality of proxy servers. | Various embodiments of the present technology provide a distributed overwatch system that allows transactions with government-grade privacy and security. The security and privacy can be achieved by a combination of distributed trusted proxies, to which anonymous users connect with the overwatch of a variety of network security engines. The structured ecosystem provides mechanism for the blockchain to be monitored by an overwatch capability combining big data analytics, intelligent learning, and comprehensive vulnerability assessment to ensure any risks introduced by vulnerabilities are effectively mitigated. The system may include multiple proxy servers geographically distributed around the world. Each proxy can be associated with local network security engines to probe and analyze network traffic. Each proxy can mask sensitive data (e.g., personally identifiable information) within the transaction before it is stored. Various embodiments can interface with most blockchain or distributed ledger technologies that support multi-signature transactions and/or smart contracts.1. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a set of block producers that can validate transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a proxy assigned to a group of endpoints,
wherein each proxy endpoint within the group of endpoints routes all transactions and communications through an assigned proxy; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy and to identify threat vectors. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the proxy includes a masking agent to identify and encrypt sensitive data within the transactions before transmitting the transactions to one of the set of block producers. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the proxy includes a routing agent to randomly select, for each of the transactions, a block producer from a set of block producers to which each of the transactions is routed. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the overwatch agent includes:
an ingestion interface to receive the network traffic; a monitoring engine to monitor the network traffic and identify threats; a machine learning engine to identify a baseline network model and classify network traffic; and an alert system to communicate threats identified by the monitoring engine to the proxy or DMLS. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the transactions include cryptocurrency transactions. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more miners to tap the network traffic by passive tapping or inline tapping. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the overwatch agent is further configured to assess both transaction data submitted by an endpoint for recordation on a blockchain of the DMLS, and a point of interaction with the blockchain of the endpoint. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the overwatch agent is further configured to identify threat vectors in the absence of any intermission in routing transactions and communications. 9. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a set of block producers for validating transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a proxy assigned to a group of proxy endpoints,
wherein each proxy endpoint within the group of proxy endpoints routes all transactions and communications through an assigned proxy, and
wherein at least one proxy endpoint of the group of proxy endpoints connects to the assigned proxy as an anonymous endpoint; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy and to identify threat vectors. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein at least some of the transactions and communications contain personally identifiable information (PII) associated with users of proxy endpoints in the group, and wherein the overwatch agent is further configured to identify information in the network traffic constituting a PII misappropriation threat. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the assigned proxy is configured to: classify content in the network traffic according to a generated policy score for the content, and add the content to a blockchain of the DMLS in response to a compliant policy score being generated for the content. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the policy score is generated for the content by an artificial intelligence engine. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the content is classified and scored according to a presence or absence of at least one of: copyrighted content, PII content, and indecent content. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the assigned proxy is further configured to randomly select content from the network traffic for classification and scoring. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the assigned proxy server is configured to anonymize at least some of the data of the transactions and communications by masking PII associated with a user of the at least one proxy endpoint. 16. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a set of block producers that can validate transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a plurality of proxy servers respectively assigned to endpoint groups,
wherein each endpoint within an endpoint group routes all transactions and communications through an assigned proxy server, and
wherein at least one endpoint of the endpoint group connects to the assigned proxy anonymously; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy and to identify threat vectors. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the transactions and communications are routed from each endpoint through the assigned proxy server as messages to one or more block producers of the set of block producers. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein at least some of the messages contain personally identifiable information (PII) of a user associated with the at least one endpoint, and wherein the assigned proxy server is configured to mask the PII prior to routing the at least some of the messages to the one or more block producers. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to mask the PII before transaction data contained in the at least some of the messages is recorded in a blockchain of the DMLS. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the PII includes at least one of: a name, a credit card number, a telephone number, and a social security number. 21. The system of claim 16, wherein two are more of the plurality of proxies are assigned to one or more of the endpoint groups. 22. The system of claim 16, wherein the transactions and communications of each endpoint are routed through the assigned proxy in the absence of sharing data of the transactions and communications with proxies other than the assigned proxy. 23. A system comprising:
a distributed multi-ledger system (DMLS) having a plurality of block producers for validating transactions to be added to a distributed ledger; a plurality of proxy servers in communication with the block producers, and endpoints of the plurality of proxy servers, and configured to determine whether a message sent by a proxy endpoint was intended for a respective proxy server,
wherein the message sent by the proxy endpoint is routed to the DMLS through an assigned proxy server selected from a subset of the plurality of proxy servers in response to determining that the message was intended for one or more of the proxy servers of the subset, and
wherein the assigned proxy server is configured to anonymize at least some of the data contained in the message prior to routing the message to the DMLS; and
an overwatch agent configured to receive network traffic routed through the assigned proxy server and to identify threat vectors. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the message contains transaction data, and wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to select one of the plurality of block producers for routing the transaction to. 25. The system of claim 23, wherein the message contains transaction data, and wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to anonymize the at least some of the data contained in the message by masking personally identifiable information associated with a user of the proxy endpoint in the at some of the data. 26. The system of claim 23, wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to select one of the plurality of block producers for routing the message to. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the assigned proxy server is further configured to randomly select the one block produced from among the plurality of block producers. 28. The system of claim 23, wherein the subset of the plurality of proxy servers is selected from a fixed set of two or more proxy servers of the plurality of proxy servers. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein a composition of proxy servers of the fixed set is changed over time. 30. The system of claim 23, wherein the subset of the plurality of proxy servers is randomly selected from two or more of the plurality of proxy servers. | 2,800 |
343,613 | 16,803,037 | 2,831 | A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material. | 1. A method of forming silicon carbide, comprising:
i) providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone comprising:
a) a crucible having an upper region and a lower region;
b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible;
c) a source module that is removable from the lower region of the crucible and prepared outside of the crucible, the source module including a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor; and
d) a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region of the crucible, the silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface facing the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor;
ii) after inserting the source module in the lower region of the crucible, heating the hot zone with the heating element to sublimate the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor included in the source module; iii) forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed; and iv) removing the source module including the sublimated substantially solid silicon carbide precursor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor comprises a silicon carbide mixture. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is contained within an outer annual chamber of the source module, further wherein the source module is a cylindrical insert that, when inserted in the lower region of the crucible, forms an inner annular chamber 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is porous. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture has a density that is less than a density of silicon carbide. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture has a molar ratio of carbon to silicon of greater than 1.0. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of carbon to silicon is from 1.05 to 1.5. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of carbon to silicon is from 1.1 to 1.3. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is prepared by heating a particulate mixture comprising silicon particles and carbon particles 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is a heterogeneous mixture of silicon particles and carbon particles. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the silicon particles have an average particle size of from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the silicon particles have an average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the silicon particles have an average particle size of from 1 mm to 4 mm. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbon particles have an average particle size of from 50 microns to 1000 microns. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbon particles have an average particle size of from 75 microns to 750 microns. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbon particles have an average particle size of from 85 microns to 500 microns. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture comprises alternating layers of silicon particles and carbon particles. 18. A sublimation furnace for forming silicon carbide, comprising:
a furnace shell; at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone including:
a) a crucible having an upper region and a lower region;
b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible;
c) a source module that is removable from the lower region of the crucible and prepared outside of the crucible, the source module including a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor; and
d) a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region of the crucible, the silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface facing the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor. 19. The sublimation furnace of claim 18, wherein the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor comprises a silicon carbide mixture that is contained within an outer annual chamber of the source module, further wherein the source module is a cylindrical insert that, when inserted in the lower region of the crucible, forms an inner annular chamber. 20. A method of forming silicon carbide, comprising:
i) preparing a source module that is separable from a lower region of a crucible and prepared outside of the crucible, the source module including a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor; ii) after preparing the source module, providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone comprising:
a) the crucible having an upper region and the lower region,
b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible, and
c) a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region of the crucible, the silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface facing the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor;
iii) after inserting the source module in the lower region of the crucible, heating the hot zone with the heating element to sublimate the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor included in the source module; iv) forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed; and v) removing the source module including the sublimated substantially solid silicon carbide precursor. | A method of producing silicon carbide is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation. The hot zone comprises a crucible with a silicon carbide precursor positioned in the lower region and a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region. The hot zone is heated to sublimate the silicon carbide precursor, forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed. Also disclosed is the sublimation furnace to produce the silicon carbide as well as the resulting silicon carbide material.1. A method of forming silicon carbide, comprising:
i) providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone comprising:
a) a crucible having an upper region and a lower region;
b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible;
c) a source module that is removable from the lower region of the crucible and prepared outside of the crucible, the source module including a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor; and
d) a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region of the crucible, the silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface facing the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor;
ii) after inserting the source module in the lower region of the crucible, heating the hot zone with the heating element to sublimate the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor included in the source module; iii) forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed; and iv) removing the source module including the sublimated substantially solid silicon carbide precursor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor comprises a silicon carbide mixture. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is contained within an outer annual chamber of the source module, further wherein the source module is a cylindrical insert that, when inserted in the lower region of the crucible, forms an inner annular chamber 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is porous. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture has a density that is less than a density of silicon carbide. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture has a molar ratio of carbon to silicon of greater than 1.0. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of carbon to silicon is from 1.05 to 1.5. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of carbon to silicon is from 1.1 to 1.3. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is prepared by heating a particulate mixture comprising silicon particles and carbon particles 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture is a heterogeneous mixture of silicon particles and carbon particles. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the silicon particles have an average particle size of from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the silicon particles have an average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the silicon particles have an average particle size of from 1 mm to 4 mm. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbon particles have an average particle size of from 50 microns to 1000 microns. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbon particles have an average particle size of from 75 microns to 750 microns. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbon particles have an average particle size of from 85 microns to 500 microns. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide mixture comprises alternating layers of silicon particles and carbon particles. 18. A sublimation furnace for forming silicon carbide, comprising:
a furnace shell; at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone including:
a) a crucible having an upper region and a lower region;
b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible;
c) a source module that is removable from the lower region of the crucible and prepared outside of the crucible, the source module including a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor; and
d) a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region of the crucible, the silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface facing the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor. 19. The sublimation furnace of claim 18, wherein the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor comprises a silicon carbide mixture that is contained within an outer annual chamber of the source module, further wherein the source module is a cylindrical insert that, when inserted in the lower region of the crucible, forms an inner annular chamber. 20. A method of forming silicon carbide, comprising:
i) preparing a source module that is separable from a lower region of a crucible and prepared outside of the crucible, the source module including a substantially solid silicon carbide precursor; ii) after preparing the source module, providing a sublimation furnace comprising a furnace shell, at least one heating element positioned outside the furnace shell, and a hot zone positioned inside the furnace shell surrounded by insulation, the hot zone comprising:
a) the crucible having an upper region and the lower region,
b) a crucible cover sealing the crucible, and
c) a silicon carbide seed positioned in the upper region of the crucible, the silicon carbide seed having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface facing the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor;
iii) after inserting the source module in the lower region of the crucible, heating the hot zone with the heating element to sublimate the substantially solid silicon carbide precursor included in the source module; iv) forming silicon carbide on the bottom surface of the silicon carbide seed; and v) removing the source module including the sublimated substantially solid silicon carbide precursor. | 2,800 |
343,614 | 16,803,049 | 2,831 | A robot arm including a rotating body connected to a base, an arm rotating about a central axis of the rotating body, a moving pulley provided at the arm and revolving along a circular track which is concentric with the rotating body, a reference pulley provided at the base and positioned on an inner side with respect to the circular track, a spring embedded in the arm and compressed or stretched in a lengthwise direction of the arm, a string compressing the spring and wound around the moving pulley and the reference pulley, and a plurality of roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the rotating body, rotating about a rotation axis parallel to the central axis of the rotating body, and configured to be in contact with the string is provided. | 1. A robot arm comprising:
a base; a first rotatable body located at the base, the first rotatable body defining a first central axis; a first arm rotatable about the first central axis of the first rotatable body; a first moving pulley located at the first arm, the first moving pulley arranged to revolve along a first circular track which is concentric with the first central axis; a first reference pulley located at the base, the first reference pulley being located between the first central axis and the first circular track; a first spring located in the first arm, the first spring being compressible and stretchable along a first longitudinal axis of the first arm; and a first windable member having a first end connected to the first spring and a second end connected to one of the first reference pulley or the first moving pulley, the first windable member being configured to compress the first spring as the first windable member is wound around the first moving pulley and the first reference pulley. 2. The robot arm of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of first roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being configured to rotate about a first rotation axis parallel to the first central axis of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being contactable with the first windable member. 3. The robot arm of claim 2, wherein at least two of the plurality of first roller bearings comprise:
a first roller; and a second roller spaced apart from the first roller in a direction of the first rotation axis. 4. The robot arm of claim 3, wherein the first roller and the second roller rotate in mutually opposite directions. 5. The robot arm of claim 3, wherein the first roller and the second roller are located on a same side as the first spring with respect to a first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body and a first central axis of the first reference pulley, or on an opposite side from the first spring with respect to the first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the rotatable body and the first central axis of the reference pulley. 6. The robot arm of claim 5, wherein the first roller and the second roller are positioned on the same side as the first spring with respect to a second virtual plane perpendicular to the first virtual plane and passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body. 7. The robot arm of claim 2, wherein the first rotatable body comprises:
a pair of first large diameter portions spaced apart from each other along the first central axis of the first rotatable body; and a first small diameter portion connecting the pair of first large diameter portions, and wherein the plurality of first roller bearings is positioned between the pair of first large diameter portions and positioned outside of the first small diameter portion. 8. The robot arm of claim 2, further comprising:
a first spring guide located at the first arm; and a first pressing portion located in the first spring guide, the first pressing portion being moveable within the first spring guide to compress the first spring. 9. The robot arm of claim 1, further comprising:
a second rotatable body connected to an end portion of the first arm and spaced from the first rotatable body, the second rotatable body defining a second central axis; a second arm rotatable about the second central axis of the second rotatable body; a second moving pulley located at the second arm, the second moving pulley arranged to revolve along a second circular track which is concentric with the second central axis; a second reference pulley located at the second rotatable body, the second reference pulley being located between the second central axis and the second circular track; a second spring located in the first arm, the second spring being compressible and stretchable along the first longitudinal axis of the first arm, the second spring being arranged in parallel with the first spring; and a second windable member having a first end connected to the second spring and a second end connected to one of the second moving pulley or the second reference pulley, the second windable member being configured to compress the second spring as the second windable member is wound around the second moving pulley and the second reference pulley. 10. The robot arm of claim 9, further comprising:
a first timing gear configured to rotate together with the first rotatable body; a second timing gear configured to rotate with respect to the second rotatable body; and a timing belt configured to transmit a rotational force of the first timing gear to the second timing gear. 11. The robot arm of claim 10, wherein the second reference pulley is located at the second timing gear. 12. The robot arm of claim 10, wherein diameters of the first timing gear and the second timing gear are equal. 13. The robot arm of claim 10, wherein the second reference pulley revolves along a third circular track having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the second circular track, and
wherein the third circular track is concentric with the second central axis. 14. The robot arm of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of first roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being configured to rotate about a first rotation axis parallel to the first central axis of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being contactable with the first windable member. 15. The robot arm of claim 14, wherein at least two of the plurality of first roller bearings comprise:
a first roller; and a second roller spaced apart from the first roller in a direction of the first rotation axis. 16. The robot arm of claim 15, wherein the first roller and the second roger are located on a same side as the first spring with respect to a first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body and a central axis of the first reference pulley, or on an opposite side from the first spring with respect to the first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body and the central axis of the first reference pulley. 17. The robot arm of claim 16, wherein the first roller and the second roller are positioned on the same side as the first spring with respect to a second virtual plane perpendicular to the first virtual plane and passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body. 18. The robot arm of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of second roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the second rotatable body, each second roller bearing being configured to rotate about a second rotation axis parallel to the second central axis of the second rotatable body, each second roller bearing being contactable with the second windable member. 19. The robot arm of claim 18, wherein at least two of the plurality of second roller bearings comprise:
a first roller; and a second roger spaced apart from the first roller in a direction of the second rotation axis. 20. The robot arm of claim 19, wherein the first roller and the second roller rotate in mutually opposite directions. | A robot arm including a rotating body connected to a base, an arm rotating about a central axis of the rotating body, a moving pulley provided at the arm and revolving along a circular track which is concentric with the rotating body, a reference pulley provided at the base and positioned on an inner side with respect to the circular track, a spring embedded in the arm and compressed or stretched in a lengthwise direction of the arm, a string compressing the spring and wound around the moving pulley and the reference pulley, and a plurality of roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the rotating body, rotating about a rotation axis parallel to the central axis of the rotating body, and configured to be in contact with the string is provided.1. A robot arm comprising:
a base; a first rotatable body located at the base, the first rotatable body defining a first central axis; a first arm rotatable about the first central axis of the first rotatable body; a first moving pulley located at the first arm, the first moving pulley arranged to revolve along a first circular track which is concentric with the first central axis; a first reference pulley located at the base, the first reference pulley being located between the first central axis and the first circular track; a first spring located in the first arm, the first spring being compressible and stretchable along a first longitudinal axis of the first arm; and a first windable member having a first end connected to the first spring and a second end connected to one of the first reference pulley or the first moving pulley, the first windable member being configured to compress the first spring as the first windable member is wound around the first moving pulley and the first reference pulley. 2. The robot arm of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of first roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being configured to rotate about a first rotation axis parallel to the first central axis of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being contactable with the first windable member. 3. The robot arm of claim 2, wherein at least two of the plurality of first roller bearings comprise:
a first roller; and a second roller spaced apart from the first roller in a direction of the first rotation axis. 4. The robot arm of claim 3, wherein the first roller and the second roller rotate in mutually opposite directions. 5. The robot arm of claim 3, wherein the first roller and the second roller are located on a same side as the first spring with respect to a first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body and a first central axis of the first reference pulley, or on an opposite side from the first spring with respect to the first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the rotatable body and the first central axis of the reference pulley. 6. The robot arm of claim 5, wherein the first roller and the second roller are positioned on the same side as the first spring with respect to a second virtual plane perpendicular to the first virtual plane and passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body. 7. The robot arm of claim 2, wherein the first rotatable body comprises:
a pair of first large diameter portions spaced apart from each other along the first central axis of the first rotatable body; and a first small diameter portion connecting the pair of first large diameter portions, and wherein the plurality of first roller bearings is positioned between the pair of first large diameter portions and positioned outside of the first small diameter portion. 8. The robot arm of claim 2, further comprising:
a first spring guide located at the first arm; and a first pressing portion located in the first spring guide, the first pressing portion being moveable within the first spring guide to compress the first spring. 9. The robot arm of claim 1, further comprising:
a second rotatable body connected to an end portion of the first arm and spaced from the first rotatable body, the second rotatable body defining a second central axis; a second arm rotatable about the second central axis of the second rotatable body; a second moving pulley located at the second arm, the second moving pulley arranged to revolve along a second circular track which is concentric with the second central axis; a second reference pulley located at the second rotatable body, the second reference pulley being located between the second central axis and the second circular track; a second spring located in the first arm, the second spring being compressible and stretchable along the first longitudinal axis of the first arm, the second spring being arranged in parallel with the first spring; and a second windable member having a first end connected to the second spring and a second end connected to one of the second moving pulley or the second reference pulley, the second windable member being configured to compress the second spring as the second windable member is wound around the second moving pulley and the second reference pulley. 10. The robot arm of claim 9, further comprising:
a first timing gear configured to rotate together with the first rotatable body; a second timing gear configured to rotate with respect to the second rotatable body; and a timing belt configured to transmit a rotational force of the first timing gear to the second timing gear. 11. The robot arm of claim 10, wherein the second reference pulley is located at the second timing gear. 12. The robot arm of claim 10, wherein diameters of the first timing gear and the second timing gear are equal. 13. The robot arm of claim 10, wherein the second reference pulley revolves along a third circular track having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the second circular track, and
wherein the third circular track is concentric with the second central axis. 14. The robot arm of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of first roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being configured to rotate about a first rotation axis parallel to the first central axis of the first rotatable body, each first roller bearing being contactable with the first windable member. 15. The robot arm of claim 14, wherein at least two of the plurality of first roller bearings comprise:
a first roller; and a second roller spaced apart from the first roller in a direction of the first rotation axis. 16. The robot arm of claim 15, wherein the first roller and the second roger are located on a same side as the first spring with respect to a first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body and a central axis of the first reference pulley, or on an opposite side from the first spring with respect to the first virtual plane passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body and the central axis of the first reference pulley. 17. The robot arm of claim 16, wherein the first roller and the second roller are positioned on the same side as the first spring with respect to a second virtual plane perpendicular to the first virtual plane and passing through the first central axis of the first rotatable body. 18. The robot arm of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of second roller bearings arranged to be spaced apart from each other along an outer circumference of the second rotatable body, each second roller bearing being configured to rotate about a second rotation axis parallel to the second central axis of the second rotatable body, each second roller bearing being contactable with the second windable member. 19. The robot arm of claim 18, wherein at least two of the plurality of second roller bearings comprise:
a first roller; and a second roger spaced apart from the first roller in a direction of the second rotation axis. 20. The robot arm of claim 19, wherein the first roller and the second roller rotate in mutually opposite directions. | 2,800 |
343,615 | 16,803,031 | 2,831 | In accordance with an embodiment, a gas sensor includes a substrate having a cavity for providing an optical interaction path; a thermal emitter configured to emit broadband IR radiation; a wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter; and an IR detector configured to provide a detector output signal based on a strength of the filtered IR radiation having traversed the optical interaction path. | 1. A gas sensor, comprising:
a substrate having a cavity for providing an optical interaction path for an interaction of a filtered IR radiation having a center wavelength λ0 with a target gas in the cavity, wherein the cavity is accessible for an environmental gas comprising the target gas; a thermal emitter configured to emit broadband IR radiation, wherein the thermal emitter is optically coupled to the cavity; a wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter and configure to provide the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0 in the cavity, wherein the wavelength selective structure is optically coupled between the thermal emitter and the cavity, or the wavelength selective structure is formed as a bound structure of the cavity; and an IR detector configured to provide a detector output signal based on a strength of the filtered IR radiation having traversed the optical interaction path in the cavity and being received by the IR detector. 2. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the cavity is arranged to provide a length of the optical interaction path which is at least 100 times larger than the center wavelength λ0 of the filtered IR radiation, and wherein a portion of the cavity forming the optical interaction path is configured to guide the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0 by standard reflection. 3. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one access hole to the cavity for providing access of the environmental gas having the target gas to the cavity. 4. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the optical interaction path extends parallel to a bottom sidewall and a top sidewall of the cavity so that the filtered IR radiation is guided along a lateral plane of the substrate. 5. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein a bottom sidewall and a top sidewall of the cavity extend along the optical interaction path parallel to each other for providing a constant height of the cavity along the optical interaction path, which is larger than the center wavelength λ0. 6. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the cavity comprises vertical sidewalls along the optical interaction path. 7. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the cavity comprises a meander shape or a spiral shape for providing an accordingly shaped optical interaction path and for providing a resulting length of the optical interaction path which is larger than a lateral dimension of the substrate. 8. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a first partial substrate and a second partial substrate that are bonded to each other, wherein at least one of the first partial substrate or the second partial substrate comprises a recess for providing the cavity between the first and second bonded partial substrates. 9. The gas sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a radiation directing element in the cavity for directing the filtered IR radiation into the optical interaction path or for focusing the filtered IR radiation to the IR detector. 10. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a first partial substrate and a second partial substrate mechanically bonded together, wherein a structured spacer element is arranged between the first and second partial substrates for providing the cavity between the mechanically bonded first and second partial substrates. 11. The gas sensor of claim 10, wherein the first partial substrate comprises a recess and wherein the second partial substrate is formed as a perforated membrane structure covering the recess in the first partial substrate, wherein the thermal emitter and the IR detector are arranged at the second partial substrate. 12. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the thermal emitter comprises a conductor having a main emission surface region for emitting a broadband IR radiation in a main radiation emission direction. 13. The gas sensor of claim 12, wherein the conductor comprises a highly-doped semiconductor strip, wherein a metallic cover layer at least partially covers the main emission surface region of the semiconductor strip. 14. The gas sensor of claim 12, wherein:
the main radiation emission direction of the thermal emitter is angularly offset to a lateral extension plane of the cavity; and the gas sensor further comprises a deflection structure in the cavity for deflecting the filtered IR radiation into the optical interaction path in the cavity. 15. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the wavelength selective structure is formed as an optical band-pass filter structure having a narrow transmission band for providing the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0. 16. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the wavelength selective structure comprises at least one of a resonator structure between the thermal emitter and the cavity, a photonic crystal structure in lateral sidewall regions of the cavity or a wavelength selective coating of inner wall regions of the cavity for providing the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0 in the cavity. 17. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the IR detector comprises a resistive temperature sensor, a pyroelectric temperature sensor, a piezoelectric temperature sensor or a pn junction temperature sensor, which is configured to provide a detector output signal based on a strength of the filtered IR radiation propagated through the optical interaction path of the cavity and incident on the IR detector. 18. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the IR detector is configured to sense a strength of the filtered IR radiation incident on the IR detector, wherein the sensed strength is a measure of a concentration of the target gas in the cavity. 19. A gas sensor, comprising:
a substrate having a cavity configured to provide an optical interaction path for an interaction of an IR radiation component with a target gas in the cavity, wherein the cavity is accessible for an environmental gas comprising the target gas; a thermal emitter configured to emit a broadband IR radiation having the IR radiation component, wherein the thermal emitter is optically coupled to the cavity, a first IR detector configured to provide a first detector output signal based on a strength of the IR radiation component having traversed the optical interaction path in the cavity and being received by the first IR detector; and a first wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter, wherein the first wavelength selective structure is optically coupled between the cavity and the first IR detector for providing a first filtered IR radiation comprising the IR radiation component having a first center wavelength λ0 to the first IR detector. 20. The gas sensor of claim 19, further comprising:
a second IR detector; and a second wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter, wherein the second wavelength selective structure is optically coupled between the cavity and the second IR detector for providing a second filtered IR radiation comprising a second IR radiation component having a second center wavelength λ1 to the second IR detector, wherein the second IR detector is configured to provide a second detector output signal based on a strength of the second filtered IR radiation having traversed the optical interaction path in the cavity and being received by the second IR detector. 21. A method, comprising:
emitting a broadband IR radiation using a thermal emitter optically coupled to a cavity disposed in a substrate; filtering the broadband IR radiation using a wavelength selective structure optically coupled between the thermal emitter and the cavity to provide filtered IR radiation, wherein the filtered IR radiation has a center wavelength λ0 with a target gas in the cavity; and using an IR detector, detecting the filtered broadband IR radiation after the filtered broadband IR radiation traverses an optical interaction path within the cavity. | In accordance with an embodiment, a gas sensor includes a substrate having a cavity for providing an optical interaction path; a thermal emitter configured to emit broadband IR radiation; a wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter; and an IR detector configured to provide a detector output signal based on a strength of the filtered IR radiation having traversed the optical interaction path.1. A gas sensor, comprising:
a substrate having a cavity for providing an optical interaction path for an interaction of a filtered IR radiation having a center wavelength λ0 with a target gas in the cavity, wherein the cavity is accessible for an environmental gas comprising the target gas; a thermal emitter configured to emit broadband IR radiation, wherein the thermal emitter is optically coupled to the cavity; a wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter and configure to provide the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0 in the cavity, wherein the wavelength selective structure is optically coupled between the thermal emitter and the cavity, or the wavelength selective structure is formed as a bound structure of the cavity; and an IR detector configured to provide a detector output signal based on a strength of the filtered IR radiation having traversed the optical interaction path in the cavity and being received by the IR detector. 2. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the cavity is arranged to provide a length of the optical interaction path which is at least 100 times larger than the center wavelength λ0 of the filtered IR radiation, and wherein a portion of the cavity forming the optical interaction path is configured to guide the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0 by standard reflection. 3. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one access hole to the cavity for providing access of the environmental gas having the target gas to the cavity. 4. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the optical interaction path extends parallel to a bottom sidewall and a top sidewall of the cavity so that the filtered IR radiation is guided along a lateral plane of the substrate. 5. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein a bottom sidewall and a top sidewall of the cavity extend along the optical interaction path parallel to each other for providing a constant height of the cavity along the optical interaction path, which is larger than the center wavelength λ0. 6. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the cavity comprises vertical sidewalls along the optical interaction path. 7. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the cavity comprises a meander shape or a spiral shape for providing an accordingly shaped optical interaction path and for providing a resulting length of the optical interaction path which is larger than a lateral dimension of the substrate. 8. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a first partial substrate and a second partial substrate that are bonded to each other, wherein at least one of the first partial substrate or the second partial substrate comprises a recess for providing the cavity between the first and second bonded partial substrates. 9. The gas sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a radiation directing element in the cavity for directing the filtered IR radiation into the optical interaction path or for focusing the filtered IR radiation to the IR detector. 10. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a first partial substrate and a second partial substrate mechanically bonded together, wherein a structured spacer element is arranged between the first and second partial substrates for providing the cavity between the mechanically bonded first and second partial substrates. 11. The gas sensor of claim 10, wherein the first partial substrate comprises a recess and wherein the second partial substrate is formed as a perforated membrane structure covering the recess in the first partial substrate, wherein the thermal emitter and the IR detector are arranged at the second partial substrate. 12. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the thermal emitter comprises a conductor having a main emission surface region for emitting a broadband IR radiation in a main radiation emission direction. 13. The gas sensor of claim 12, wherein the conductor comprises a highly-doped semiconductor strip, wherein a metallic cover layer at least partially covers the main emission surface region of the semiconductor strip. 14. The gas sensor of claim 12, wherein:
the main radiation emission direction of the thermal emitter is angularly offset to a lateral extension plane of the cavity; and the gas sensor further comprises a deflection structure in the cavity for deflecting the filtered IR radiation into the optical interaction path in the cavity. 15. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the wavelength selective structure is formed as an optical band-pass filter structure having a narrow transmission band for providing the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0. 16. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the wavelength selective structure comprises at least one of a resonator structure between the thermal emitter and the cavity, a photonic crystal structure in lateral sidewall regions of the cavity or a wavelength selective coating of inner wall regions of the cavity for providing the filtered IR radiation having the center wavelength λ0 in the cavity. 17. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the IR detector comprises a resistive temperature sensor, a pyroelectric temperature sensor, a piezoelectric temperature sensor or a pn junction temperature sensor, which is configured to provide a detector output signal based on a strength of the filtered IR radiation propagated through the optical interaction path of the cavity and incident on the IR detector. 18. The gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the IR detector is configured to sense a strength of the filtered IR radiation incident on the IR detector, wherein the sensed strength is a measure of a concentration of the target gas in the cavity. 19. A gas sensor, comprising:
a substrate having a cavity configured to provide an optical interaction path for an interaction of an IR radiation component with a target gas in the cavity, wherein the cavity is accessible for an environmental gas comprising the target gas; a thermal emitter configured to emit a broadband IR radiation having the IR radiation component, wherein the thermal emitter is optically coupled to the cavity, a first IR detector configured to provide a first detector output signal based on a strength of the IR radiation component having traversed the optical interaction path in the cavity and being received by the first IR detector; and a first wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter, wherein the first wavelength selective structure is optically coupled between the cavity and the first IR detector for providing a first filtered IR radiation comprising the IR radiation component having a first center wavelength λ0 to the first IR detector. 20. The gas sensor of claim 19, further comprising:
a second IR detector; and a second wavelength selective structure configured to filter the broadband IR radiation emitted by the thermal emitter, wherein the second wavelength selective structure is optically coupled between the cavity and the second IR detector for providing a second filtered IR radiation comprising a second IR radiation component having a second center wavelength λ1 to the second IR detector, wherein the second IR detector is configured to provide a second detector output signal based on a strength of the second filtered IR radiation having traversed the optical interaction path in the cavity and being received by the second IR detector. 21. A method, comprising:
emitting a broadband IR radiation using a thermal emitter optically coupled to a cavity disposed in a substrate; filtering the broadband IR radiation using a wavelength selective structure optically coupled between the thermal emitter and the cavity to provide filtered IR radiation, wherein the filtered IR radiation has a center wavelength λ0 with a target gas in the cavity; and using an IR detector, detecting the filtered broadband IR radiation after the filtered broadband IR radiation traverses an optical interaction path within the cavity. | 2,800 |
343,616 | 16,803,078 | 2,831 | A building block includes a plurality of panel elements that are each rotatable relative to each other one of the plurality of panel elements; a connecting pin that passes through and rotatably connects the plurality of panel elements to each other; and a plurality of connectors, each connector rotatably attached to a respective panel element, where each one of the panel elements includes at least on locking feature configured to create a releasably fixed connection between adjacent panel elements. A connector assembly, including two barrel connectors that are rotatable relative to an I-shaped main body of the connector assembly, can connect multiple building blocks to each other. | 1. A first connector assembly that is connectable to a second connector assembly that is structured like the first connector assembly, the first connector assembly comprising:
a main body that includes:
a center section that has a width that extends, from a first exterior side edge of the center section to a second exterior side edge of the center section, in a first direction and a length that extends, from a first end of the center section to a second end of the center section, in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
a first arm section that is connected to the center section at the first end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from a center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a first arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a second arm; and
a second arm section that is connected to the center section at the second end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a third arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a fourth arm;
a first rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the first rotatable connector to a second end of the first rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the first arm and the second end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the third arm; and a second rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the second rotatable connector to a second end of the second rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the second arm and the second end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the fourth arm; wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes:
a respective protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of the second connector assembly; and/or
a respective notch into which a protrusion of the second connector assembly is connectable by friction fit. 2. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors includes both the respective protrusion and the respective notch. 3. The first connector assembly of claim 2, wherein, for the each of the at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors:
the respective protrusion of the respective rotatable connector extends from an exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector in a first extension direction that extends away from the exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector and that is perpendicular to the respective central longitudinal axis of the respective rotatable connector; and the respective notch of the respective rotatable connector forms an opening in the exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector and extends from the opening in a second extension direction towards the central longitudinal axis of the respective rotatable connector, the second extension direction being perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the respective rotatable connector. 4. The first connector assembly of claim 3, wherein the first and second extension directions are perpendicular to each other. 5. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors includes the respective notch. 6. The first connector assembly of claim 5, wherein the respective notch of the each of the at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors extends entirely through the respective rotatable connector, thereby forming a respective opening at each of two opposite sides of an exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector. 7. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors includes the respective protrusion. 8. The first connector assembly of claim 7, wherein each of at least one of the first and second arm sections includes a respective notch:
that forms an opening in an exterior surface of the respective arm section; that extends from the respective opening towards the center section of the main body; and into which a protrusion of one of the rotatable connectors of the second connector assembly is connectable by friction fit, so that the first and second connector assemblies are thereby connected to each other in a manner by which the first and second connector assemblies can swivel relative to each other. 9. The first connector assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the first and second arm sections includes the notch. 10. The first connector assemble of claim 8, wherein the first arm section includes the notch, and the second arm section includes a protrusion structured like the protrusion of the each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors. 11. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein the first rotatable connector includes the projection and not the notch and the second rotatable connector includes the notch and not the protrusion. 12. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes a respective first body connecting protrusion at the first end of the respective rotatable connector that is rotatable within a respective socket of a respective one of the arms and a respective second body connecting protrusion at the second end of the respective rotatable connector that is rotatable within a respective socket of another respective one of the arms. 13. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes a respective first body connecting socket at the first end of the respective rotatable connector within which a respective protrusion of a respective one of the arms is rotatable and a respective second body connecting socket at the second end of the respective rotatable connector within which a respective protrusion of another respective one of the arms is rotatable. 14. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of first and second rotatable connectors includes a cylindrical main body. 15. A build set comprising:
a building block comprising:
a plurality of panels, each of the plurality of panels being rotatable relative to each other one of the plurality of panels;
a connecting pin that passes through and rotatably connects all of the plurality of panels to one another; and
a plurality of rotatable connectors, each of the plurality of rotatable connectors being rotatably attached to a respective one of the plurality of panel; and
a connector assembly that is connectable to the building block, the connector assembly comprising:
a main body that includes:
a center section that has a width that extends, from a first exterior side edge of the center section to a second exterior side edge of the center section, in a first direction and a length that extends, from a first end of the center section to a second end of the center section, in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
a first arm section that is connected to the center section at the first end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from a center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a first arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a second arm; and
a second arm section that is connected to the center section at the second end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a third arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a fourth arm;
a first rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the first rotatable connector to a second end of the first rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the first arm and the second end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the third arm; and
a second rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the second rotatable connector to a second end of the second rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the second arm and the second end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the fourth arm;
wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes:
a respective protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of any of one or more of the plurality of panels; and/or
a respective notch into which a protrusion of the any of one or more of the plurality of panels is connectable by friction fit. 16. A build set comprising:
a building block comprising (a) a plurality of panels, and (b) a connecting pin that passes through respective through holes in each one of the plurality of panels, and that thereby rotatably connects the plurality of panels to one another, so that the plurality of panels are rotatable relative to one another, wherein each of the plurality of panels includes:
a main panel body that forms a planar surface that extends radially outward from the connecting pin; and
at least one panel arm that (a) connects the main panel body of the respective panel to at least one of the through holes that is part of the respective panel, and (b) spirals radially outward in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, forming an oblique angle to a direction of radial extension of the main panel body of the respective panel; and
a connector assembly that is connectable to the building block, the connector assembly comprising:
a main connector assembly body that includes:
a center section that has a width that extends, from a first exterior side edge of the center section to a second exterior side edge of the center section, in a first direction and a length that extends, from a first end of the center section to a second end of the center section, in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
a first arm section that is connected to the center section at the first end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from a center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a first connector arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a second connector arm; and
a second arm section that is connected to the center section at the second end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a third connector arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a fourth connector arm;
a first rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main connector assembly body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main connector assembly body around a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the first rotatable connector to a second end of the first rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the first connector arm and the second end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the third connector arm; and
a second rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main connector assembly body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main connector assembly body around a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the second rotatable connector to a second end of the second rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the second connector arm and the second end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the fourth connector arm;
wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes:
a respective protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of any of one or more of the plurality of panels; and/or
a respective notch into which a protrusion of the any of one or more of the plurality of panels is connectable by friction fit. 17. A connector assembly comprising:
an I-shaped main body forming a center section and two pairs of arms, wherein a first of the two pairs of arms extends away from the center section in a first direction and a second of the two pairs of arms extends away from the center section in a second direction that is opposite the first direction; a first rotatable connector arranged between and connected to the first pair of arms, wherein the first rotatable connector is rotatable about a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends perpendicularly to the first and second directions; and a second rotatable connector arranged between and connected to the second pair of arms, wherein the second rotatable connector is rotatable about a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends perpendicularly to the first and second directions. 18. A first barrel connector that is connectable to a second barrel connector that is structured like the first barrel connector, the first barrel connector comprising:
a main body that has a length from a first end of the main body to a second end of the main body and an exterior surface that extends circumferentially around a central longitudinal axis of the main body; a first protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of the second barrel connector and that extends from the exterior surface perpendicularly to the central longitudinal axis of the main body; a notch that forms an opening in the exterior surface into which a protrusion of the second barrel connector is connectable by friction fit, and that extends perpendicularly to the central longitudinal axis of the main body from the opening towards a center of the main body; and at each of the first and second ends of the main body:
a respective second protrusion that extends from the main body in a direction of the central longitudinal axis of the main body; or
a respective socket formed by a concavity into the main body in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the main body. 19. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein a center of a longitudinal extension of the first protrusion in a direction parallel to an extension of the central longitudinal axis of the main body and a center of a longitudinal extension of the notch of the first barrel connector in the direction parallel to the extension of the central longitudinal axis of the main body are at a same axial position of the main body between the first and second ends of the main body. 20. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the extension of the notch from the opening towards the center of the main body is perpendicular to the extension of the first protrusion away from the exterior surface. 21. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the first barrel connector includes the respective second protrusion at each of the first and second ends of the main body. 22. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the first protrusion includes two opposite surfaces from each of which at least one friction bump protrudes. 23. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the first barrel connector includes, at each of the first and second ends of the main body, the respective second protrusion that extends from the main body in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the main body, and the respective second protrusion each includes a plurality of concavities arranged at regular intervals circumferentially around the central longitudinal axis. 24. A building block comprising:
a panel; and a barrel connector; wherein:
one of the panel and the barrel connector includes a first receiving socket at a top end of the one of the panel and the barrel and a second receiving socket at a bottom end of the one of the panel and the barrel;
the other of the panel and the barrel connector includes:
at a top end of the other of the panel and the barrel connector, a first spherical projection that (a) is held within the first receiving socket, and (b) is rotatable around a rotation axis within and relative to the first receiving socket to transition between a plurality of rotational positions into which the first spherical projection is lockable; and
at a bottom end of the other of the panel and the barrel connector, a second spherical projection that (a) is held within the second receiving socket, and (b) is rotatable around the rotation axis within and relative to the second receiving socket to transition between a plurality of rotational positions into which the second spherical projection is lockable. 25. The building block of claim 24, wherein:
(I) (a) the first receiving socket includes one or more concavities and the first spherical projection includes a plurality of convexities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for snapping into each of the one or more concavities of the first receiving socket to thereby lock the respective spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions, and (b) the second receiving socket includes one or more concavities and the second spherical projection includes a plurality of convexities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for snapping into each of the one or more concavities of the second receiving socket to thereby lock the second spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions; or (II) (a) the first receiving socket includes one or more convexities and the first spherical projection includes a plurality of concavities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for each of the one or more convexities of the first receiving socket to snap into the respective concavity to thereby lock the first spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions, and (b) the second receiving socket includes one or more convexities and the second spherical projection includes a plurality of concavities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for each of the one or more convexities of the second receiving socket to snap into the respective concavity to thereby lock the second spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions. | A building block includes a plurality of panel elements that are each rotatable relative to each other one of the plurality of panel elements; a connecting pin that passes through and rotatably connects the plurality of panel elements to each other; and a plurality of connectors, each connector rotatably attached to a respective panel element, where each one of the panel elements includes at least on locking feature configured to create a releasably fixed connection between adjacent panel elements. A connector assembly, including two barrel connectors that are rotatable relative to an I-shaped main body of the connector assembly, can connect multiple building blocks to each other.1. A first connector assembly that is connectable to a second connector assembly that is structured like the first connector assembly, the first connector assembly comprising:
a main body that includes:
a center section that has a width that extends, from a first exterior side edge of the center section to a second exterior side edge of the center section, in a first direction and a length that extends, from a first end of the center section to a second end of the center section, in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
a first arm section that is connected to the center section at the first end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from a center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a first arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a second arm; and
a second arm section that is connected to the center section at the second end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a third arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a fourth arm;
a first rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the first rotatable connector to a second end of the first rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the first arm and the second end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the third arm; and a second rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the second rotatable connector to a second end of the second rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the second arm and the second end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the fourth arm; wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes:
a respective protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of the second connector assembly; and/or
a respective notch into which a protrusion of the second connector assembly is connectable by friction fit. 2. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors includes both the respective protrusion and the respective notch. 3. The first connector assembly of claim 2, wherein, for the each of the at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors:
the respective protrusion of the respective rotatable connector extends from an exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector in a first extension direction that extends away from the exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector and that is perpendicular to the respective central longitudinal axis of the respective rotatable connector; and the respective notch of the respective rotatable connector forms an opening in the exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector and extends from the opening in a second extension direction towards the central longitudinal axis of the respective rotatable connector, the second extension direction being perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the respective rotatable connector. 4. The first connector assembly of claim 3, wherein the first and second extension directions are perpendicular to each other. 5. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors includes the respective notch. 6. The first connector assembly of claim 5, wherein the respective notch of the each of the at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors extends entirely through the respective rotatable connector, thereby forming a respective opening at each of two opposite sides of an exterior surface of the respective rotatable connector. 7. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors includes the respective protrusion. 8. The first connector assembly of claim 7, wherein each of at least one of the first and second arm sections includes a respective notch:
that forms an opening in an exterior surface of the respective arm section; that extends from the respective opening towards the center section of the main body; and into which a protrusion of one of the rotatable connectors of the second connector assembly is connectable by friction fit, so that the first and second connector assemblies are thereby connected to each other in a manner by which the first and second connector assemblies can swivel relative to each other. 9. The first connector assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the first and second arm sections includes the notch. 10. The first connector assemble of claim 8, wherein the first arm section includes the notch, and the second arm section includes a protrusion structured like the protrusion of the each of at least one of the first and second rotatable connectors. 11. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein the first rotatable connector includes the projection and not the notch and the second rotatable connector includes the notch and not the protrusion. 12. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes a respective first body connecting protrusion at the first end of the respective rotatable connector that is rotatable within a respective socket of a respective one of the arms and a respective second body connecting protrusion at the second end of the respective rotatable connector that is rotatable within a respective socket of another respective one of the arms. 13. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes a respective first body connecting socket at the first end of the respective rotatable connector within which a respective protrusion of a respective one of the arms is rotatable and a respective second body connecting socket at the second end of the respective rotatable connector within which a respective protrusion of another respective one of the arms is rotatable. 14. The first connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of at least one of first and second rotatable connectors includes a cylindrical main body. 15. A build set comprising:
a building block comprising:
a plurality of panels, each of the plurality of panels being rotatable relative to each other one of the plurality of panels;
a connecting pin that passes through and rotatably connects all of the plurality of panels to one another; and
a plurality of rotatable connectors, each of the plurality of rotatable connectors being rotatably attached to a respective one of the plurality of panel; and
a connector assembly that is connectable to the building block, the connector assembly comprising:
a main body that includes:
a center section that has a width that extends, from a first exterior side edge of the center section to a second exterior side edge of the center section, in a first direction and a length that extends, from a first end of the center section to a second end of the center section, in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
a first arm section that is connected to the center section at the first end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from a center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a first arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a second arm; and
a second arm section that is connected to the center section at the second end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a third arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a fourth arm;
a first rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the first rotatable connector to a second end of the first rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the first arm and the second end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the third arm; and
a second rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main body around a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the second rotatable connector to a second end of the second rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the second arm and the second end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the fourth arm;
wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes:
a respective protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of any of one or more of the plurality of panels; and/or
a respective notch into which a protrusion of the any of one or more of the plurality of panels is connectable by friction fit. 16. A build set comprising:
a building block comprising (a) a plurality of panels, and (b) a connecting pin that passes through respective through holes in each one of the plurality of panels, and that thereby rotatably connects the plurality of panels to one another, so that the plurality of panels are rotatable relative to one another, wherein each of the plurality of panels includes:
a main panel body that forms a planar surface that extends radially outward from the connecting pin; and
at least one panel arm that (a) connects the main panel body of the respective panel to at least one of the through holes that is part of the respective panel, and (b) spirals radially outward in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, forming an oblique angle to a direction of radial extension of the main panel body of the respective panel; and
a connector assembly that is connectable to the building block, the connector assembly comprising:
a main connector assembly body that includes:
a center section that has a width that extends, from a first exterior side edge of the center section to a second exterior side edge of the center section, in a first direction and a length that extends, from a first end of the center section to a second end of the center section, in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
a first arm section that is connected to the center section at the first end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from a center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a first connector arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a second connector arm; and
a second arm section that is connected to the center section at the second end of the center section and extends longitudinally in the first direction from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the first exterior side edge of the center section, thereby forming a third connector arm, and from the center longitudinal axis of the main section to beyond the second exterior side edge of the center region, thereby forming a fourth connector arm;
a first rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main connector assembly body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main connector assembly body around a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the first rotatable connector to a second end of the first rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the first connector arm and the second end of the first rotatable connector is connected to the third connector arm; and
a second rotatable connector that is rotatably connected to the main connector assembly body such that the rotatable connector can be rotated relative to the main connector assembly body around a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends from a first end of the second rotatable connector to a second end of the second rotatable connector, wherein the first end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the second connector arm and the second end of the second rotatable connector is connected to the fourth connector arm;
wherein each of the first and second rotatable connectors includes:
a respective protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of any of one or more of the plurality of panels; and/or
a respective notch into which a protrusion of the any of one or more of the plurality of panels is connectable by friction fit. 17. A connector assembly comprising:
an I-shaped main body forming a center section and two pairs of arms, wherein a first of the two pairs of arms extends away from the center section in a first direction and a second of the two pairs of arms extends away from the center section in a second direction that is opposite the first direction; a first rotatable connector arranged between and connected to the first pair of arms, wherein the first rotatable connector is rotatable about a central longitudinal axis of the first rotatable connector that extends perpendicularly to the first and second directions; and a second rotatable connector arranged between and connected to the second pair of arms, wherein the second rotatable connector is rotatable about a central longitudinal axis of the second rotatable connector that extends perpendicularly to the first and second directions. 18. A first barrel connector that is connectable to a second barrel connector that is structured like the first barrel connector, the first barrel connector comprising:
a main body that has a length from a first end of the main body to a second end of the main body and an exterior surface that extends circumferentially around a central longitudinal axis of the main body; a first protrusion that is connectable by friction fit into a notch of the second barrel connector and that extends from the exterior surface perpendicularly to the central longitudinal axis of the main body; a notch that forms an opening in the exterior surface into which a protrusion of the second barrel connector is connectable by friction fit, and that extends perpendicularly to the central longitudinal axis of the main body from the opening towards a center of the main body; and at each of the first and second ends of the main body:
a respective second protrusion that extends from the main body in a direction of the central longitudinal axis of the main body; or
a respective socket formed by a concavity into the main body in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the main body. 19. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein a center of a longitudinal extension of the first protrusion in a direction parallel to an extension of the central longitudinal axis of the main body and a center of a longitudinal extension of the notch of the first barrel connector in the direction parallel to the extension of the central longitudinal axis of the main body are at a same axial position of the main body between the first and second ends of the main body. 20. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the extension of the notch from the opening towards the center of the main body is perpendicular to the extension of the first protrusion away from the exterior surface. 21. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the first barrel connector includes the respective second protrusion at each of the first and second ends of the main body. 22. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the first protrusion includes two opposite surfaces from each of which at least one friction bump protrudes. 23. The first barrel connector of claim 18, wherein the first barrel connector includes, at each of the first and second ends of the main body, the respective second protrusion that extends from the main body in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the main body, and the respective second protrusion each includes a plurality of concavities arranged at regular intervals circumferentially around the central longitudinal axis. 24. A building block comprising:
a panel; and a barrel connector; wherein:
one of the panel and the barrel connector includes a first receiving socket at a top end of the one of the panel and the barrel and a second receiving socket at a bottom end of the one of the panel and the barrel;
the other of the panel and the barrel connector includes:
at a top end of the other of the panel and the barrel connector, a first spherical projection that (a) is held within the first receiving socket, and (b) is rotatable around a rotation axis within and relative to the first receiving socket to transition between a plurality of rotational positions into which the first spherical projection is lockable; and
at a bottom end of the other of the panel and the barrel connector, a second spherical projection that (a) is held within the second receiving socket, and (b) is rotatable around the rotation axis within and relative to the second receiving socket to transition between a plurality of rotational positions into which the second spherical projection is lockable. 25. The building block of claim 24, wherein:
(I) (a) the first receiving socket includes one or more concavities and the first spherical projection includes a plurality of convexities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for snapping into each of the one or more concavities of the first receiving socket to thereby lock the respective spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions, and (b) the second receiving socket includes one or more concavities and the second spherical projection includes a plurality of convexities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for snapping into each of the one or more concavities of the second receiving socket to thereby lock the second spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions; or (II) (a) the first receiving socket includes one or more convexities and the first spherical projection includes a plurality of concavities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for each of the one or more convexities of the first receiving socket to snap into the respective concavity to thereby lock the first spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions, and (b) the second receiving socket includes one or more convexities and the second spherical projection includes a plurality of concavities that are arranged at regular intervals around the rotation axis and that are each structured for each of the one or more convexities of the second receiving socket to snap into the respective concavity to thereby lock the second spherical projection into a respective one of its rotational positions. | 2,800 |
343,617 | 16,803,051 | 2,831 | A magnetic memory device includes a reference magnetic structure, a free magnetic structure, and a tunnel barrier pattern therebetween. The reference magnetic structure includes a first pinned pattern, a second pinned pattern between the first pinned pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and an exchange coupling pattern between the first pinned pattern and the second pinned pattern. The second pinned pattern includes magnetic patterns and non-magnetic patterns, which are alternately stacked. The first pinned pattern is a ferromagnetic pattern consisted of a ferromagnetic element. | 1. A magnetic memory device comprising:
a reference magnetic structure including a first pinned pattern, a second pinned pattern including magnetic patterns and non-magnetic patterns, which are alternately stacked, and an exchange coupling pattern between the first pinned pattern and the second pinned pattern; a free magnetic structure; and a tunnel barrier pattern between the reference magnetic structure and the free magnetic structure, wherein the second pinned pattern is between the first pinned pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and the first pinned pattern is a ferromagnetic pattern, the ferromagnetic pattern consisting essentially of a ferromagnetic element. 2. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pinned pattern is a single layer including the ferromagnetic element. 3. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pinned pattern does not include a non-magnetic element. 4. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic patterns include,
a first ferromagnetic pattern between the exchange coupling pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and a second ferromagnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and wherein the non-magnetic patterns include, a first non-magnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the second ferromagnetic pattern, wherein the exchange coupling pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the first ferromagnetic pattern to the first pinned pattern. 5. The magnetic memory device of claim 4, wherein each of the first pinned pattern and the first ferromagnetic pattern have a thickness in a direction perpendicular to an interface between the tunnel barrier pattern and the free magnetic structure, and
wherein the thickness of the first pinned pattern is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first ferromagnetic pattern. 6. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein the second ferromagnetic pattern has a thickness in the direction perpendicular to the interface between the tunnel barrier pattern and the free magnetic structure, and
wherein the thickness of the first pinned pattern is greater than the thickness of the second ferromagnetic pattern. 7. The magnetic memory device of claim 6, wherein the thickness of the first ferromagnetic pattern is greater than the thickness of the second ferromagnetic pattern. 8. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein the first non-magnetic pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the second ferromagnetic pattern to the first ferromagnetic pattern. 9. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein a ferromagnetic material included in the first ferromagnetic pattern is the same as a ferromagnetic material included in the first pinned pattern. 10. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein a ferromagnetic material included in the second ferromagnetic pattern is the same as the ferromagnetic material included in the first pinned pattern. 11. The magnetic memory device of claim 4, wherein the magnetic patterns further include,
a polarization enhancement magnetic pattern between the second ferromagnetic pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, wherein the non-magnetic patterns further include, a second non-magnetic pattern between the second ferromagnetic pattern and the polarization enhancement magnetic pattern, wherein the second non-magnetic pattern ferromagnetically couples the polarization enhancement magnetic pattern to the second ferromagnetic pattern. 12. The magnetic memory device of claim 11, wherein the first non-magnetic pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the second ferromagnetic pattern to the first ferromagnetic pattern. 13. The magnetic memory device of claim 11, wherein the first non-magnetic pattern includes a non-magnetic element that is not included from among the non-magnetic elements included in the second non-magnetic pattern. 14. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a seed pattern spaced apart from the tunnel barrier pattern with the reference magnetic structure interposed therebetween, wherein the first pinned pattern is between the seed pattern and the exchange coupling pattern, and wherein the seed pattern includes a portion that contacts one surface of the first pinned pattern. 15. The magnetic memory device of claim 14, wherein the seed pattern comprises:
a first sub-pattern; and a second sub-pattern between the first sub-pattern and the first pinned pattern and having a portion in contact with the first pinned pattern, wherein at least a portion of the first sub-pattern is amorphous. 16. A magnetic memory device comprising:
a reference magnetic structure including a first pinned pattern, a second pinned pattern including magnetic patterns and non-magnetic patterns, which are alternately stacked, and an exchange coupling pattern between the first pinned pattern and the second pinned pattern; a free magnetic structure; and a tunnel barrier pattern between the reference magnetic structure and the free magnetic structure, wherein the second pinned pattern is between the first pinned pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and the first pinned pattern is a single layer including a ferromagnetic element. 17. The magnetic memory device of claim 16, wherein the magnetic patterns comprise:
a first ferromagnetic pattern between the exchange coupling pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and wherein the exchange coupling pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the first ferromagnetic pattern to the first pinned pattern. 18. The magnetic memory device of claim 17, wherein each of the first pinned pattern and the first ferromagnetic pattern have a thickness in a direction perpendicular to an interface between the tunnel barrier pattern and the free magnetic structure, and
wherein the thickness of the first pinned pattern is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first ferromagnetic pattern. 19. The magnetic memory device of claim 18, wherein a ferromagnetic material included in the first ferromagnetic pattern is the same as a ferromagnetic material included in the first pinned pattern. 20. The magnetic memory device of claim 17, wherein the magnetic patterns further include,
a second ferromagnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, wherein the non-magnetic patterns include, a first non-magnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the second ferromagnetic pattern, and wherein the first non-magnetic pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the second ferromagnetic pattern is to the first ferromagnetic pattern. 21-25. (canceled) | A magnetic memory device includes a reference magnetic structure, a free magnetic structure, and a tunnel barrier pattern therebetween. The reference magnetic structure includes a first pinned pattern, a second pinned pattern between the first pinned pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and an exchange coupling pattern between the first pinned pattern and the second pinned pattern. The second pinned pattern includes magnetic patterns and non-magnetic patterns, which are alternately stacked. The first pinned pattern is a ferromagnetic pattern consisted of a ferromagnetic element.1. A magnetic memory device comprising:
a reference magnetic structure including a first pinned pattern, a second pinned pattern including magnetic patterns and non-magnetic patterns, which are alternately stacked, and an exchange coupling pattern between the first pinned pattern and the second pinned pattern; a free magnetic structure; and a tunnel barrier pattern between the reference magnetic structure and the free magnetic structure, wherein the second pinned pattern is between the first pinned pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and the first pinned pattern is a ferromagnetic pattern, the ferromagnetic pattern consisting essentially of a ferromagnetic element. 2. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pinned pattern is a single layer including the ferromagnetic element. 3. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pinned pattern does not include a non-magnetic element. 4. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic patterns include,
a first ferromagnetic pattern between the exchange coupling pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and a second ferromagnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and wherein the non-magnetic patterns include, a first non-magnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the second ferromagnetic pattern, wherein the exchange coupling pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the first ferromagnetic pattern to the first pinned pattern. 5. The magnetic memory device of claim 4, wherein each of the first pinned pattern and the first ferromagnetic pattern have a thickness in a direction perpendicular to an interface between the tunnel barrier pattern and the free magnetic structure, and
wherein the thickness of the first pinned pattern is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first ferromagnetic pattern. 6. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein the second ferromagnetic pattern has a thickness in the direction perpendicular to the interface between the tunnel barrier pattern and the free magnetic structure, and
wherein the thickness of the first pinned pattern is greater than the thickness of the second ferromagnetic pattern. 7. The magnetic memory device of claim 6, wherein the thickness of the first ferromagnetic pattern is greater than the thickness of the second ferromagnetic pattern. 8. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein the first non-magnetic pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the second ferromagnetic pattern to the first ferromagnetic pattern. 9. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein a ferromagnetic material included in the first ferromagnetic pattern is the same as a ferromagnetic material included in the first pinned pattern. 10. The magnetic memory device of claim 5, wherein a ferromagnetic material included in the second ferromagnetic pattern is the same as the ferromagnetic material included in the first pinned pattern. 11. The magnetic memory device of claim 4, wherein the magnetic patterns further include,
a polarization enhancement magnetic pattern between the second ferromagnetic pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, wherein the non-magnetic patterns further include, a second non-magnetic pattern between the second ferromagnetic pattern and the polarization enhancement magnetic pattern, wherein the second non-magnetic pattern ferromagnetically couples the polarization enhancement magnetic pattern to the second ferromagnetic pattern. 12. The magnetic memory device of claim 11, wherein the first non-magnetic pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the second ferromagnetic pattern to the first ferromagnetic pattern. 13. The magnetic memory device of claim 11, wherein the first non-magnetic pattern includes a non-magnetic element that is not included from among the non-magnetic elements included in the second non-magnetic pattern. 14. The magnetic memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a seed pattern spaced apart from the tunnel barrier pattern with the reference magnetic structure interposed therebetween, wherein the first pinned pattern is between the seed pattern and the exchange coupling pattern, and wherein the seed pattern includes a portion that contacts one surface of the first pinned pattern. 15. The magnetic memory device of claim 14, wherein the seed pattern comprises:
a first sub-pattern; and a second sub-pattern between the first sub-pattern and the first pinned pattern and having a portion in contact with the first pinned pattern, wherein at least a portion of the first sub-pattern is amorphous. 16. A magnetic memory device comprising:
a reference magnetic structure including a first pinned pattern, a second pinned pattern including magnetic patterns and non-magnetic patterns, which are alternately stacked, and an exchange coupling pattern between the first pinned pattern and the second pinned pattern; a free magnetic structure; and a tunnel barrier pattern between the reference magnetic structure and the free magnetic structure, wherein the second pinned pattern is between the first pinned pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and the first pinned pattern is a single layer including a ferromagnetic element. 17. The magnetic memory device of claim 16, wherein the magnetic patterns comprise:
a first ferromagnetic pattern between the exchange coupling pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, and wherein the exchange coupling pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the first ferromagnetic pattern to the first pinned pattern. 18. The magnetic memory device of claim 17, wherein each of the first pinned pattern and the first ferromagnetic pattern have a thickness in a direction perpendicular to an interface between the tunnel barrier pattern and the free magnetic structure, and
wherein the thickness of the first pinned pattern is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first ferromagnetic pattern. 19. The magnetic memory device of claim 18, wherein a ferromagnetic material included in the first ferromagnetic pattern is the same as a ferromagnetic material included in the first pinned pattern. 20. The magnetic memory device of claim 17, wherein the magnetic patterns further include,
a second ferromagnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the tunnel barrier pattern, wherein the non-magnetic patterns include, a first non-magnetic pattern between the first ferromagnetic pattern and the second ferromagnetic pattern, and wherein the first non-magnetic pattern anti-ferromagnetically couples the second ferromagnetic pattern is to the first ferromagnetic pattern. 21-25. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,618 | 16,803,039 | 2,831 | The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing aryl 2-tetrazol-2-yl ketone of the following Formula 1a with improved selectivity: | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A method for preparing a compound of Formula 1a, comprising:
reacting a compound of Formula 2 with a salt of a compound of Formula 3: 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the salt of the compound of Formula 3 is obtained by reacting the compound of Formula 3 with a base. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the base is an inorganic base or an organic base. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the inorganic base is a metal hydroxide or a metal carbonate, and the organic base is an amine compound. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the metal hydroxide is selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; the metal carbonate is selected from lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and cesium carbonate; and the amine compound is selected from triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine. 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound of Formula 3 is reacted with a base in a reaction solvent, and then the salt of the compound of Formula 3 separated from the reaction product is reacted with the compound of Formula 2. 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein after reacting the compound of Formula 3 with a base, the compound of Formula 2 is added to the reaction product to react with the salt of the compound of chemical formula 3. 20. The method according to claim 13, which further comprises purifying the reaction product of the salt of the compound of Formula 3 and the compound of Formula 2. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the purifying step comprises a crystallizing process. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the crystallizing process comprises a first crystallizing process and a second crystallizing process. 23. The method according to claim 20, wherein the purifying step comprises a heat treatment process. 24. The method according to claim 23, which further comprises washing with an aqueous acidic solution. 25. The method according to claim 13, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and chloride. 27. A method for increasing the selectivity of a compound of Formula 1a by using a salt of a compound of Formula 3 in the synthesis of a compound of Formula 1a and a compound of Formula 1b from a compound of Formula 2 and a compound of Formula 3: 28. A method for preparing a compound of Formula 4, comprising:
(1) reacting a compound of Formula 2 with a salt of a compound of Formula 3; (2) separating the compound of Formula 1a from a mixture obtained from the reaction of step (1); and (3) reducing the compound of Formula 1a separated in step (2) and carbamating the reduced compound of Formula 1a: | The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing aryl 2-tetrazol-2-yl ketone of the following Formula 1a with improved selectivity:1-12. (canceled) 13. A method for preparing a compound of Formula 1a, comprising:
reacting a compound of Formula 2 with a salt of a compound of Formula 3: 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the salt of the compound of Formula 3 is obtained by reacting the compound of Formula 3 with a base. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the base is an inorganic base or an organic base. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the inorganic base is a metal hydroxide or a metal carbonate, and the organic base is an amine compound. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the metal hydroxide is selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; the metal carbonate is selected from lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and cesium carbonate; and the amine compound is selected from triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine. 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound of Formula 3 is reacted with a base in a reaction solvent, and then the salt of the compound of Formula 3 separated from the reaction product is reacted with the compound of Formula 2. 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein after reacting the compound of Formula 3 with a base, the compound of Formula 2 is added to the reaction product to react with the salt of the compound of chemical formula 3. 20. The method according to claim 13, which further comprises purifying the reaction product of the salt of the compound of Formula 3 and the compound of Formula 2. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the purifying step comprises a crystallizing process. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the crystallizing process comprises a first crystallizing process and a second crystallizing process. 23. The method according to claim 20, wherein the purifying step comprises a heat treatment process. 24. The method according to claim 23, which further comprises washing with an aqueous acidic solution. 25. The method according to claim 13, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and chloride. 27. A method for increasing the selectivity of a compound of Formula 1a by using a salt of a compound of Formula 3 in the synthesis of a compound of Formula 1a and a compound of Formula 1b from a compound of Formula 2 and a compound of Formula 3: 28. A method for preparing a compound of Formula 4, comprising:
(1) reacting a compound of Formula 2 with a salt of a compound of Formula 3; (2) separating the compound of Formula 1a from a mixture obtained from the reaction of step (1); and (3) reducing the compound of Formula 1a separated in step (2) and carbamating the reduced compound of Formula 1a: | 2,800 |
343,619 | 16,802,993 | 2,831 | Computing devices and methods utilizing a joint speaker location/speaker identification neural network are provided. In one example a computing device receives an audio signal of utterances spoken by multiple persons. Magnitude and phase information features are extracted from the signal and inputted into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. The neural network utilizes both the magnitude and phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking. Output comprising the determination of the change is received from the neural network. The output is then used to perform a speaker recognition function, speaker location function, or both. | 1. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive an audio signal containing utterances spoken by multiple persons;
extract magnitude features and phase information features from the signal;
input the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, wherein the neural network utilizes both the magnitude features and the phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output comprising the determination of the change in the person speaking; and
utilize the output to perform a speaker recognition function, a speaker location function, or both the speaker recognition function and the speaker location function. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by utilizing both the magnitude features and the phase information features to detect changes in speaker vocal characteristics and changes in location of a current speaker. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the utterances comprise a first utterance spoken by a first user and a second utterance spoken by a second user, and the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by determining a boundary between the first utterance and the second utterance without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable to generate a transcription of a conversation between two or more persons of the multiple persons. 6. The computing device of claim 5, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to identify the two or more persons of the multiple persons, and the instructions are executable to include in the transcription notations indicating an identity of one or more of the persons in the conversation. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using enrollment utterances of the multiple persons, wherein each of the enrollment utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a standalone device comprising a microphone array, and the microphone array captures the audio signal of the utterance. 9. At a computing device, a method comprising:
receiving an audio signal of an utterance spoken by a user; extracting magnitude features and phase information features from the audio signal; inputting the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network; receiving from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network location information of the user; and utilizing the user location information to track a changing location of the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein tracking the changing location of the user is performed without utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user in addition to the user location information to track the changing location of the user. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable camera of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising following the user with the moveable camera as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable display of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising following the user with the moveable display as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive a first audio signal of a first utterance comprising a keyword spoken by a user;
recognize the keyword in the first utterance;
based on recognizing the keyword, activate one or more functions of the computing device that are associated with receipt of the keyword;
input first magnitude features and first phase information features from the first audio signal into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive a second audio signal of a second utterance spoken by a speaker, wherein the second utterance does not comprise the keyword;
input second magnitude features and second phase information features from the second audio signal into the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output identifying the user as the speaker of the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword; and
based on identifying the user as the speaker of both the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword, activate the one or more functions that are associated with receipt of the keyword. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the instructions are executable to:
determine that a location of the user when speaking the second utterance has not changed from a location of the user when speaking the first utterance; and activate the one or more functions based on determining that the location of the first user has not changed. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is a standalone computing device, and the instructions are executable to capture the first audio signal and the second audio signal at a microphone array of the standalone computing device. | Computing devices and methods utilizing a joint speaker location/speaker identification neural network are provided. In one example a computing device receives an audio signal of utterances spoken by multiple persons. Magnitude and phase information features are extracted from the signal and inputted into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. The neural network utilizes both the magnitude and phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking. Output comprising the determination of the change is received from the neural network. The output is then used to perform a speaker recognition function, speaker location function, or both.1. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive an audio signal containing utterances spoken by multiple persons;
extract magnitude features and phase information features from the signal;
input the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, wherein the neural network utilizes both the magnitude features and the phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output comprising the determination of the change in the person speaking; and
utilize the output to perform a speaker recognition function, a speaker location function, or both the speaker recognition function and the speaker location function. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by utilizing both the magnitude features and the phase information features to detect changes in speaker vocal characteristics and changes in location of a current speaker. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the utterances comprise a first utterance spoken by a first user and a second utterance spoken by a second user, and the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by determining a boundary between the first utterance and the second utterance without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable to generate a transcription of a conversation between two or more persons of the multiple persons. 6. The computing device of claim 5, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to identify the two or more persons of the multiple persons, and the instructions are executable to include in the transcription notations indicating an identity of one or more of the persons in the conversation. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using enrollment utterances of the multiple persons, wherein each of the enrollment utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a standalone device comprising a microphone array, and the microphone array captures the audio signal of the utterance. 9. At a computing device, a method comprising:
receiving an audio signal of an utterance spoken by a user; extracting magnitude features and phase information features from the audio signal; inputting the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network; receiving from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network location information of the user; and utilizing the user location information to track a changing location of the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein tracking the changing location of the user is performed without utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user in addition to the user location information to track the changing location of the user. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable camera of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising following the user with the moveable camera as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable display of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising following the user with the moveable display as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive a first audio signal of a first utterance comprising a keyword spoken by a user;
recognize the keyword in the first utterance;
based on recognizing the keyword, activate one or more functions of the computing device that are associated with receipt of the keyword;
input first magnitude features and first phase information features from the first audio signal into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive a second audio signal of a second utterance spoken by a speaker, wherein the second utterance does not comprise the keyword;
input second magnitude features and second phase information features from the second audio signal into the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output identifying the user as the speaker of the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword; and
based on identifying the user as the speaker of both the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword, activate the one or more functions that are associated with receipt of the keyword. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the instructions are executable to:
determine that a location of the user when speaking the second utterance has not changed from a location of the user when speaking the first utterance; and activate the one or more functions based on determining that the location of the first user has not changed. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is a standalone computing device, and the instructions are executable to capture the first audio signal and the second audio signal at a microphone array of the standalone computing device. | 2,800 |
343,620 | 16,803,052 | 2,831 | Computing devices and methods utilizing a joint speaker location/speaker identification neural network are provided. In one example a computing device receives an audio signal of utterances spoken by multiple persons. Magnitude and phase information features are extracted from the signal and inputted into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. The neural network utilizes both the magnitude and phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking. Output comprising the determination of the change is received from the neural network. The output is then used to perform a speaker recognition function, speaker location function, or both. | 1. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive an audio signal containing utterances spoken by multiple persons;
extract magnitude features and phase information features from the signal;
input the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, wherein the neural network utilizes both the magnitude features and the phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output comprising the determination of the change in the person speaking; and
utilize the output to perform a speaker recognition function, a speaker location function, or both the speaker recognition function and the speaker location function. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by utilizing both the magnitude features and the phase information features to detect changes in speaker vocal characteristics and changes in location of a current speaker. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the utterances comprise a first utterance spoken by a first user and a second utterance spoken by a second user, and the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by determining a boundary between the first utterance and the second utterance without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable to generate a transcription of a conversation between two or more persons of the multiple persons. 6. The computing device of claim 5, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to identify the two or more persons of the multiple persons, and the instructions are executable to include in the transcription notations indicating an identity of one or more of the persons in the conversation. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using enrollment utterances of the multiple persons, wherein each of the enrollment utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a standalone device comprising a microphone array, and the microphone array captures the audio signal of the utterance. 9. At a computing device, a method comprising:
receiving an audio signal of an utterance spoken by a user; extracting magnitude features and phase information features from the audio signal; inputting the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network; receiving from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network location information of the user; and utilizing the user location information to track a changing location of the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein tracking the changing location of the user is performed without utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user in addition to the user location information to track the changing location of the user. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable camera of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising following the user with the moveable camera as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable display of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising following the user with the moveable display as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive a first audio signal of a first utterance comprising a keyword spoken by a user;
recognize the keyword in the first utterance;
based on recognizing the keyword, activate one or more functions of the computing device that are associated with receipt of the keyword;
input first magnitude features and first phase information features from the first audio signal into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive a second audio signal of a second utterance spoken by a speaker, wherein the second utterance does not comprise the keyword;
input second magnitude features and second phase information features from the second audio signal into the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output identifying the user as the speaker of the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword; and
based on identifying the user as the speaker of both the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword, activate the one or more functions that are associated with receipt of the keyword. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the instructions are executable to:
determine that a location of the user when speaking the second utterance has not changed from a location of the user when speaking the first utterance; and activate the one or more functions based on determining that the location of the first user has not changed. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is a standalone computing device, and the instructions are executable to capture the first audio signal and the second audio signal at a microphone array of the standalone computing device. | Computing devices and methods utilizing a joint speaker location/speaker identification neural network are provided. In one example a computing device receives an audio signal of utterances spoken by multiple persons. Magnitude and phase information features are extracted from the signal and inputted into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. The neural network utilizes both the magnitude and phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking. Output comprising the determination of the change is received from the neural network. The output is then used to perform a speaker recognition function, speaker location function, or both.1. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive an audio signal containing utterances spoken by multiple persons;
extract magnitude features and phase information features from the signal;
input the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, wherein the neural network utilizes both the magnitude features and the phase information features to determine a change in the person speaking;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output comprising the determination of the change in the person speaking; and
utilize the output to perform a speaker recognition function, a speaker location function, or both the speaker recognition function and the speaker location function. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by utilizing both the magnitude features and the phase information features to detect changes in speaker vocal characteristics and changes in location of a current speaker. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the utterances comprise a first utterance spoken by a first user and a second utterance spoken by a second user, and the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to determine the change in the person speaking by determining a boundary between the first utterance and the second utterance without utilizing information from enrollment utterances of the multiple persons. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable to generate a transcription of a conversation between two or more persons of the multiple persons. 6. The computing device of claim 5, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is configured to identify the two or more persons of the multiple persons, and the instructions are executable to include in the transcription notations indicating an identity of one or more of the persons in the conversation. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using enrollment utterances of the multiple persons, wherein each of the enrollment utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a standalone device comprising a microphone array, and the microphone array captures the audio signal of the utterance. 9. At a computing device, a method comprising:
receiving an audio signal of an utterance spoken by a user; extracting magnitude features and phase information features from the audio signal; inputting the magnitude features and the phase information features into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network; receiving from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network location information of the user; and utilizing the user location information to track a changing location of the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein tracking the changing location of the user is performed without utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising utilizing information from an enrollment utterance of the user in addition to the user location information to track the changing location of the user. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable camera of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising following the user with the moveable camera as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising directing a moveable display of the computing device toward one location of the changing location of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising following the user with the moveable display as the changing location of the user relative to the computing device changes. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory holding instructions executable by the processor to:
receive a first audio signal of a first utterance comprising a keyword spoken by a user;
recognize the keyword in the first utterance;
based on recognizing the keyword, activate one or more functions of the computing device that are associated with receipt of the keyword;
input first magnitude features and first phase information features from the first audio signal into a joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive a second audio signal of a second utterance spoken by a speaker, wherein the second utterance does not comprise the keyword;
input second magnitude features and second phase information features from the second audio signal into the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network;
receive, from the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network, output identifying the user as the speaker of the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword; and
based on identifying the user as the speaker of both the first utterance comprising the keyword and the second utterance that does not comprise the keyword, activate the one or more functions that are associated with receipt of the keyword. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the instructions are executable to:
determine that a location of the user when speaking the second utterance has not changed from a location of the user when speaking the first utterance; and activate the one or more functions based on determining that the location of the first user has not changed. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network is trained using a plurality of utterances from a plurality of persons, wherein each utterance of the plurality of utterances comprises both speaker vocal characteristics and speaker spatial information that are used to train the joint speaker location and speaker identification neural network. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is a standalone computing device, and the instructions are executable to capture the first audio signal and the second audio signal at a microphone array of the standalone computing device. | 2,800 |
343,621 | 16,803,053 | 2,831 | A passive motion isolation system for motion-sensitive equipment is disclosed. The passive motion isolation system has a three-axis free motion platform mounted on a base subject to ambient motions. A vibration isolation subsystem is coupled between the motion-sensitive equipment and the three-axis free motion platform. | 1. A motion isolation system for motion-sensitive equipment, comprising:
a base subject to ambient motions; a three-axis free motion platform mounted on the base; and a vibration isolation subsystem coupled between the motion-sensitive equipment and the three-axis free motion platform. 2. The motion isolation system of claim 1, wherein the three-axis free motion platform comprises:
an x-axis free motion stage and a y-axis free motion stage, the x-axis and the y-axis orthogonal to each other and essentially horizontal, and a z-axis free motion stage, the z-axis being orthogonal to both the x-axis and the y-axis and essentially vertical. 3. The motion isolation system of claim 2, wherein:
the x-axis free motion stage comprises an x-axis carriage free to move along an x-axis rail, the y-axis free motion stage comprises a y-axis carriage free to move along a y-axis rail, and the z-axis free motion stage comprises a z-axis carriage free to move along a z-axis rail. 4. The motion isolation system of claim 3, wherein
the y-axis rail is attached to, and moves with, the x-axis carriage, the z-axis rail is attached to, and moves with, the y-axis carriage, and the vibration isolation subsystem is coupled between the z-axis carriage and the motion-sensitive equipment. 5. The motion isolation system of claim 4, wherein the z-axis free motion stage comprises a counterbalance mechanism to offset a total weight of the z-axis carriage, the vibration isolation subsystem, and the motion-sensitive equipment. 6. The motion isolation system of claim 5, wherein the counterbalance mechanism comprises at least one constant force spring. 7. The motion isolation system of claim 3, wherein each of the x-axis rail, the y-axis rail, and the z-axis rail has a finite length between respective ends, the system further comprising:
a plurality of resilient firm stops, a firm stop from the plurality of firm stops located proximate each end of each of the x-axis rail, the y-axis rail, and the z-axis rail to limit a range of motion of the respective carriage in both directions along the rail. 8. The motion isolation system of claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of resilient soft stops, a soft stop from the plurality of soft stops located proximate each end of each of the x-axis rail, the y-axis rail, and the z-axis rail, wherein each soft stop is configured such that a carriage nearing an end of the respective rail contacts the soft stop located proximate the end of the rail before contacting the corresponding firm stop. 9. The motion isolation system of claim 8, wherein each soft stop extends further along the respective rail and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the corresponding firm stop. 10. The motion isolation system of claim 3, wherein the vibration isolation subsystem comprises:
a support attached to the z-axis carriage; four elongate resilient pillars, each pillar having a first end affixed to the support, a length extending from the support parallel to the z-axis, and a second end; and a mounting structure to couple the motion-sensitive equipment to the second ends of the four pillars. 11. The motion isolation system of claim 10, wherein the mounting structure is configured such that all or a portion of the motion-sensitive equipment is disposed between the four pillars. 12. The motion isolation system of claim 11, wherein the mounting structure is configured such that the motion-sensitive equipment does not contact the four pillars and the support. 13. The motion isolation system of claim 10, wherein:
each of the four pillars comprises first and second segments, the vibration isolation subsystem further comprises a first frame, the first segments of each of the four pillars couple the mounting structure to the first frame, and the second segments of each of the four pillars couple the first frame to the support. 14. The motion isolation system of claim 10, wherein:
each of the four pillars comprises first, second, and third segments, the vibration isolation subsystem further comprises first and second frames, the first segments of the four pillars couple the mounting structure to the first frame, the second segments of the four pillars couple the first frame to the second frame, and the third segments of the four pillars couple the second frame to the support. 15. The motion isolation system of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one motion limiter to limit a range of motion of the mounting structure with respect to the support. 16. The motion isolation system of claim 15, wherein each of the at least one motion limiter comprises:
a resilient grommet attached to the support; and a post extending from the mounting structure through a center hole in the resilient grommet. | A passive motion isolation system for motion-sensitive equipment is disclosed. The passive motion isolation system has a three-axis free motion platform mounted on a base subject to ambient motions. A vibration isolation subsystem is coupled between the motion-sensitive equipment and the three-axis free motion platform.1. A motion isolation system for motion-sensitive equipment, comprising:
a base subject to ambient motions; a three-axis free motion platform mounted on the base; and a vibration isolation subsystem coupled between the motion-sensitive equipment and the three-axis free motion platform. 2. The motion isolation system of claim 1, wherein the three-axis free motion platform comprises:
an x-axis free motion stage and a y-axis free motion stage, the x-axis and the y-axis orthogonal to each other and essentially horizontal, and a z-axis free motion stage, the z-axis being orthogonal to both the x-axis and the y-axis and essentially vertical. 3. The motion isolation system of claim 2, wherein:
the x-axis free motion stage comprises an x-axis carriage free to move along an x-axis rail, the y-axis free motion stage comprises a y-axis carriage free to move along a y-axis rail, and the z-axis free motion stage comprises a z-axis carriage free to move along a z-axis rail. 4. The motion isolation system of claim 3, wherein
the y-axis rail is attached to, and moves with, the x-axis carriage, the z-axis rail is attached to, and moves with, the y-axis carriage, and the vibration isolation subsystem is coupled between the z-axis carriage and the motion-sensitive equipment. 5. The motion isolation system of claim 4, wherein the z-axis free motion stage comprises a counterbalance mechanism to offset a total weight of the z-axis carriage, the vibration isolation subsystem, and the motion-sensitive equipment. 6. The motion isolation system of claim 5, wherein the counterbalance mechanism comprises at least one constant force spring. 7. The motion isolation system of claim 3, wherein each of the x-axis rail, the y-axis rail, and the z-axis rail has a finite length between respective ends, the system further comprising:
a plurality of resilient firm stops, a firm stop from the plurality of firm stops located proximate each end of each of the x-axis rail, the y-axis rail, and the z-axis rail to limit a range of motion of the respective carriage in both directions along the rail. 8. The motion isolation system of claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of resilient soft stops, a soft stop from the plurality of soft stops located proximate each end of each of the x-axis rail, the y-axis rail, and the z-axis rail, wherein each soft stop is configured such that a carriage nearing an end of the respective rail contacts the soft stop located proximate the end of the rail before contacting the corresponding firm stop. 9. The motion isolation system of claim 8, wherein each soft stop extends further along the respective rail and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the corresponding firm stop. 10. The motion isolation system of claim 3, wherein the vibration isolation subsystem comprises:
a support attached to the z-axis carriage; four elongate resilient pillars, each pillar having a first end affixed to the support, a length extending from the support parallel to the z-axis, and a second end; and a mounting structure to couple the motion-sensitive equipment to the second ends of the four pillars. 11. The motion isolation system of claim 10, wherein the mounting structure is configured such that all or a portion of the motion-sensitive equipment is disposed between the four pillars. 12. The motion isolation system of claim 11, wherein the mounting structure is configured such that the motion-sensitive equipment does not contact the four pillars and the support. 13. The motion isolation system of claim 10, wherein:
each of the four pillars comprises first and second segments, the vibration isolation subsystem further comprises a first frame, the first segments of each of the four pillars couple the mounting structure to the first frame, and the second segments of each of the four pillars couple the first frame to the support. 14. The motion isolation system of claim 10, wherein:
each of the four pillars comprises first, second, and third segments, the vibration isolation subsystem further comprises first and second frames, the first segments of the four pillars couple the mounting structure to the first frame, the second segments of the four pillars couple the first frame to the second frame, and the third segments of the four pillars couple the second frame to the support. 15. The motion isolation system of claim 10, further comprising:
at least one motion limiter to limit a range of motion of the mounting structure with respect to the support. 16. The motion isolation system of claim 15, wherein each of the at least one motion limiter comprises:
a resilient grommet attached to the support; and a post extending from the mounting structure through a center hole in the resilient grommet. | 2,800 |
343,622 | 16,803,048 | 2,831 | This invention describes software which allows a single content receiver to receive mirroring streams from multiple heterogeneous platforms | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A screen mirroring receiver capable of receiving and processing a first mirroring stream from a first device and a second mirroring stream from a second device, the first and second mirroring streams conforming to different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols, said screen mirroring receiver comprising:
a first protocol handler configured to identify a first screen mirroring protocol of the first mirroring stream; a first decoder, operatively coupled to the first protocol handler, configured to receive a first video data and a first audio data, said first video data and said first audio data being derived from said first mirroring stream, said first decoder further configured to produce a synchronized first video output and a synchronized first audio output, wherein said synchronized first video output and said synchronized first audio output are time synchronized to each other; a second protocol handler configured to identify the screen mirroring protocol of the second mirroring stream; a second decoder, operatively coupled to the second protocol handler, configured to receive a second video data and a second audio data, said second video data and said second audio data being derived from said second mirroring stream, said second decoder further configured to produce a synchronized second video output and a synchronized second audio output, wherein said synchronized second video output and said synchronized second audio output are time synchronized to each other; and a video layout manager, coupled to said first decoder and said second decoder, configured to receive said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output, and to produce from said first and second video outputs a single combined video signal for transmission to a display; wherein said first decoder is configured to transmit said synchronized first audio output to a sound renderer, and wherein said second decoder is configured to transmit said synchronized second audio output to said audio renderer. 9. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, wherein said synchronized first video output comprises a video frame associated with the first video data. 10. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 9, wherein said synchronized second video output comprises a video frame associated with the second video data. 11. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, wherein said video layout manager receives a first orientation information associated with said first video data and a second orientation information associated with said second video data. 12. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, further comprising a demultiplexer coupled to said second protocol handler and said second decoder, said demultiplexer receiving a multiplexed audio-visual signal associated with said second mirroring stream and separating said multiplexed audio-visual signal to produce said second video data and said second audio data. 13. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 12, wherein said second audio data comprises a time synchronization information. 14. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, wherein the different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols are selected from a group comprising the AirPlay protocol, the Miracast protocol, and the Google Cast protocol. 15. A screen mirroring system capable of receiving and processing a first mirroring stream from a first device and a second mirroring stream from a second device, the first and second mirroring streams conforming to different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols, said screen mirroring system comprising:
a first protocol handler configured to identify the screen mirroring protocol of the first mirroring stream, a first decoder, operatively coupled to the first protocol handler, configured to receive a first video data and a first audio data, said first video data and said first audio data being derived from said first mirroring stream, said first decoder further configured to produce a synchronized first video output and a synchronized first audio output, wherein said synchronized first video output and said synchronized first audio output are time synchronized to each other; a second protocol handler configured to identify the screen mirroring protocol of the second mirroring stream; a second decoder, operatively coupled to the second protocol handler, configured to receive a second video data and a second audio data, said second video data and said second audio data being derived from said second mirroring stream, said second decoder further configured to produce a synchronized second video output and a synchronized second audio output, wherein said synchronized second video output and said synchronized second audio output are time synchronized to each other; a video layout manager, coupled to said first decoder and said second decoder, configured to receive said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output, and to produce from said first and second video outputs a single combined video signal; a display coupled to said video layout manager and configured to receive said single combined video signal; and an audio renderer coupled to said first decoder and said second decoder, said audio renderer receiving said synchronized first and second audio signals; wherein, using said single combined video signal and said synchronized first and second audio signals, said screen mirroring system produces an audio-visual rendering of a first content, in said first mirroring stream from the first device and a second content in said second mirroring stream from the second device. 16. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, wherein said synchronized first video output comprises a video frame associated with the first video data. 17. The screen mirroring system of claim 16, wherein said synchronized second video output comprises a video frame associated with the second video data. 18. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, wherein said video layout manager receives a first orientation information associated with said first video data and a second orientation information associated with said second video data. 19. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, further comprising a demultiplexer coupled to said second protocol handler and said second decoder, said demultiplexer receiving a multiplexed audio-visual signal associated with said second mirroring stream and separating said multiplexed audio-visual signal to produce said second video data and said second audio data. 20. The screen mirroring system of claim 19, wherein said second audio data comprises a time synchronization information. 21. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, wherein the different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols are selected from a group comprising the AirPlay protocol, the Miracast protocol, and the Google Cast protocol. 22. A method for screen mirroring of mirroring streams, the method comprising:
receiving a first mirroring stream from a first device and a second mirroring stream from a second device, the first and second mirroring streams conforming to
different vendor-provided screen mirroring protocols;
identifying, by a first protocol handler, the screen mirroring protocol of the first mirroring stream; deriving a first video data, and a first audio data from said first mirroring stream; receiving, by a first decoder, said first video data and said first audio data; decoding, by said first decoder said first video data and said first audio data; producing, by said first decoder a synchronized first video output and a synchronized first audio output, wherein said synchronized first video output and said synchronized first audio output are time synchronized to each other; identifying, by a second protocol handler, the screen mirroring protocol of the second mirroring stream; deriving a second video data and a second audio data from said second mirroring stream; receiving, by a second decoder, said second video data and said second audio data; decoding, by said second decoder said second video data and said second audio data; producing, by said second decoder, a synchronized second video output and a synchronized second audio output, wherein said synchronized second video output and said synchronized second audio output are time synchronized to each other; receiving, by a video layout manager, said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output; producing, by said layout manager, a single combined video signal; displaying, by a viewing device, said single combined video signal; and audio rendering, by an audio renderer, said synchronized first and second audio signals; wherein a first content in said first mirroring stream from the first device and a second content in said second mirroring stream from the second device are mirrored. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein at least one of said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output comprises a video frame. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of receiving by a video layout manager of said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output, further comprises receiving a first orientation information associated with said first video data and a second orientation information associated with said second video data. 25. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving, by a demultiplexer, from said second protocol handler a multiplexed audio-visual signal associated with said second mirroring stream; and
(b) separating, by said demultiplexer, said multiplexed audio-visual signal to produce said second video data and said second audio data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said second audio data comprises a time synchronization information. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols are selected from a group comprising the Airplay protocol, the Miracast protocol, and the Google Cast protocol. | This invention describes software which allows a single content receiver to receive mirroring streams from multiple heterogeneous platforms1-7. (canceled) 8. A screen mirroring receiver capable of receiving and processing a first mirroring stream from a first device and a second mirroring stream from a second device, the first and second mirroring streams conforming to different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols, said screen mirroring receiver comprising:
a first protocol handler configured to identify a first screen mirroring protocol of the first mirroring stream; a first decoder, operatively coupled to the first protocol handler, configured to receive a first video data and a first audio data, said first video data and said first audio data being derived from said first mirroring stream, said first decoder further configured to produce a synchronized first video output and a synchronized first audio output, wherein said synchronized first video output and said synchronized first audio output are time synchronized to each other; a second protocol handler configured to identify the screen mirroring protocol of the second mirroring stream; a second decoder, operatively coupled to the second protocol handler, configured to receive a second video data and a second audio data, said second video data and said second audio data being derived from said second mirroring stream, said second decoder further configured to produce a synchronized second video output and a synchronized second audio output, wherein said synchronized second video output and said synchronized second audio output are time synchronized to each other; and a video layout manager, coupled to said first decoder and said second decoder, configured to receive said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output, and to produce from said first and second video outputs a single combined video signal for transmission to a display; wherein said first decoder is configured to transmit said synchronized first audio output to a sound renderer, and wherein said second decoder is configured to transmit said synchronized second audio output to said audio renderer. 9. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, wherein said synchronized first video output comprises a video frame associated with the first video data. 10. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 9, wherein said synchronized second video output comprises a video frame associated with the second video data. 11. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, wherein said video layout manager receives a first orientation information associated with said first video data and a second orientation information associated with said second video data. 12. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, further comprising a demultiplexer coupled to said second protocol handler and said second decoder, said demultiplexer receiving a multiplexed audio-visual signal associated with said second mirroring stream and separating said multiplexed audio-visual signal to produce said second video data and said second audio data. 13. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 12, wherein said second audio data comprises a time synchronization information. 14. The screen mirroring receiver of claim 8, wherein the different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols are selected from a group comprising the AirPlay protocol, the Miracast protocol, and the Google Cast protocol. 15. A screen mirroring system capable of receiving and processing a first mirroring stream from a first device and a second mirroring stream from a second device, the first and second mirroring streams conforming to different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols, said screen mirroring system comprising:
a first protocol handler configured to identify the screen mirroring protocol of the first mirroring stream, a first decoder, operatively coupled to the first protocol handler, configured to receive a first video data and a first audio data, said first video data and said first audio data being derived from said first mirroring stream, said first decoder further configured to produce a synchronized first video output and a synchronized first audio output, wherein said synchronized first video output and said synchronized first audio output are time synchronized to each other; a second protocol handler configured to identify the screen mirroring protocol of the second mirroring stream; a second decoder, operatively coupled to the second protocol handler, configured to receive a second video data and a second audio data, said second video data and said second audio data being derived from said second mirroring stream, said second decoder further configured to produce a synchronized second video output and a synchronized second audio output, wherein said synchronized second video output and said synchronized second audio output are time synchronized to each other; a video layout manager, coupled to said first decoder and said second decoder, configured to receive said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output, and to produce from said first and second video outputs a single combined video signal; a display coupled to said video layout manager and configured to receive said single combined video signal; and an audio renderer coupled to said first decoder and said second decoder, said audio renderer receiving said synchronized first and second audio signals; wherein, using said single combined video signal and said synchronized first and second audio signals, said screen mirroring system produces an audio-visual rendering of a first content, in said first mirroring stream from the first device and a second content in said second mirroring stream from the second device. 16. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, wherein said synchronized first video output comprises a video frame associated with the first video data. 17. The screen mirroring system of claim 16, wherein said synchronized second video output comprises a video frame associated with the second video data. 18. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, wherein said video layout manager receives a first orientation information associated with said first video data and a second orientation information associated with said second video data. 19. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, further comprising a demultiplexer coupled to said second protocol handler and said second decoder, said demultiplexer receiving a multiplexed audio-visual signal associated with said second mirroring stream and separating said multiplexed audio-visual signal to produce said second video data and said second audio data. 20. The screen mirroring system of claim 19, wherein said second audio data comprises a time synchronization information. 21. The screen mirroring system of claim 15, wherein the different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols are selected from a group comprising the AirPlay protocol, the Miracast protocol, and the Google Cast protocol. 22. A method for screen mirroring of mirroring streams, the method comprising:
receiving a first mirroring stream from a first device and a second mirroring stream from a second device, the first and second mirroring streams conforming to
different vendor-provided screen mirroring protocols;
identifying, by a first protocol handler, the screen mirroring protocol of the first mirroring stream; deriving a first video data, and a first audio data from said first mirroring stream; receiving, by a first decoder, said first video data and said first audio data; decoding, by said first decoder said first video data and said first audio data; producing, by said first decoder a synchronized first video output and a synchronized first audio output, wherein said synchronized first video output and said synchronized first audio output are time synchronized to each other; identifying, by a second protocol handler, the screen mirroring protocol of the second mirroring stream; deriving a second video data and a second audio data from said second mirroring stream; receiving, by a second decoder, said second video data and said second audio data; decoding, by said second decoder said second video data and said second audio data; producing, by said second decoder, a synchronized second video output and a synchronized second audio output, wherein said synchronized second video output and said synchronized second audio output are time synchronized to each other; receiving, by a video layout manager, said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output; producing, by said layout manager, a single combined video signal; displaying, by a viewing device, said single combined video signal; and audio rendering, by an audio renderer, said synchronized first and second audio signals; wherein a first content in said first mirroring stream from the first device and a second content in said second mirroring stream from the second device are mirrored. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein at least one of said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output comprises a video frame. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of receiving by a video layout manager of said synchronized first video output and said synchronized second video output, further comprises receiving a first orientation information associated with said first video data and a second orientation information associated with said second video data. 25. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving, by a demultiplexer, from said second protocol handler a multiplexed audio-visual signal associated with said second mirroring stream; and
(b) separating, by said demultiplexer, said multiplexed audio-visual signal to produce said second video data and said second audio data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said second audio data comprises a time synchronization information. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the different vendor-provided screen-mirroring protocols are selected from a group comprising the Airplay protocol, the Miracast protocol, and the Google Cast protocol. | 2,800 |
343,623 | 16,803,021 | 2,831 | A control section of a server apparatus as an information processing apparatus in the disclosure executes: inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a self-driving vehicle operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the self-driving vehicle and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the self-driving vehicle is received from the terminal, transmitting to the self-driving vehicle an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the self-driving vehicle. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising a control section that executes: inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a mobile object operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the mobile object and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the mobile object is received from the terminal, transmitting to the mobile object an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the mobile object. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section executes: in order to solicit the user who desires to board the mobile object, publicizing schedule information on the pickup-delivery on a predetermined site or notifying the schedule information to a terminal of a registered user; and accepting a request for boarding from the user via the predetermined site or the terminal of the registered user. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section executes, in order to identify the user who desires to board the mobile object, extracting a registered user with a movement schedule that meets schedule information on the pickup-delivery and a predetermined condition. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section further executes, when a response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from a terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, stopping inquiring whether or not the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the control section further executes, when the response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from the terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, granting an incentive to the pickup-delivery service user. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section further executes granting an incentive to the user who accepts handling the work of pickup-delivery. 7. An information processing method, comprising: by at least one computer, inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a mobile object operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the mobile object and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the mobile object is received from the terminal, transmitting to the mobile object an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the mobile object. 8. The information processing method according to claim 7, comprising: by the at least one computer, in order to solicit the user who desires to board the mobile object, publicizing schedule information on the pickup-delivery on a predetermined site or notifying the schedule information to a terminal of a registered user; and accepting a request for boarding from the user via the predetermined site or the terminal of the registered user. 9. The information processing method according to claim 7, comprising: by the at least one computer, in order to identify the user who desires to board the mobile object, extracting a registered user with a movement schedule that meets schedule information on the pickup-delivery and a predetermined condition. 10. The information processing method according to claim 7, further comprising: by the at least one computer, inquiring of a terminal of the pickup-delivery service user whether or not it is desired to have the work of pickup-delivery be handled; and when a response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from the terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, stopping inquiring whether or not the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery. 11. The information processing method according to claim 10, further comprising: by the at least one computer, when the response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from the terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, granting an incentive to the pickup-delivery service user. 12. The information processing method according to claim 7, further comprising: by the at least one computer, granting an incentive to the user who accepts handling the work of pickup-delivery. 13. A program for causing at least one computer to execute: inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a mobile object operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the mobile object and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the mobile object is received from the terminal, transmitting to the mobile object an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the mobile object. | A control section of a server apparatus as an information processing apparatus in the disclosure executes: inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a self-driving vehicle operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the self-driving vehicle and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the self-driving vehicle is received from the terminal, transmitting to the self-driving vehicle an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the self-driving vehicle.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising a control section that executes: inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a mobile object operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the mobile object and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the mobile object is received from the terminal, transmitting to the mobile object an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the mobile object. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section executes: in order to solicit the user who desires to board the mobile object, publicizing schedule information on the pickup-delivery on a predetermined site or notifying the schedule information to a terminal of a registered user; and accepting a request for boarding from the user via the predetermined site or the terminal of the registered user. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section executes, in order to identify the user who desires to board the mobile object, extracting a registered user with a movement schedule that meets schedule information on the pickup-delivery and a predetermined condition. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section further executes, when a response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from a terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, stopping inquiring whether or not the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the control section further executes, when the response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from the terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, granting an incentive to the pickup-delivery service user. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section further executes granting an incentive to the user who accepts handling the work of pickup-delivery. 7. An information processing method, comprising: by at least one computer, inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a mobile object operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the mobile object and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the mobile object is received from the terminal, transmitting to the mobile object an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the mobile object. 8. The information processing method according to claim 7, comprising: by the at least one computer, in order to solicit the user who desires to board the mobile object, publicizing schedule information on the pickup-delivery on a predetermined site or notifying the schedule information to a terminal of a registered user; and accepting a request for boarding from the user via the predetermined site or the terminal of the registered user. 9. The information processing method according to claim 7, comprising: by the at least one computer, in order to identify the user who desires to board the mobile object, extracting a registered user with a movement schedule that meets schedule information on the pickup-delivery and a predetermined condition. 10. The information processing method according to claim 7, further comprising: by the at least one computer, inquiring of a terminal of the pickup-delivery service user whether or not it is desired to have the work of pickup-delivery be handled; and when a response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from the terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, stopping inquiring whether or not the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery. 11. The information processing method according to claim 10, further comprising: by the at least one computer, when the response indicating that the work of pickup-delivery is unneeded is received from the terminal of the pickup-delivery service user, granting an incentive to the pickup-delivery service user. 12. The information processing method according to claim 7, further comprising: by the at least one computer, granting an incentive to the user who accepts handling the work of pickup-delivery. 13. A program for causing at least one computer to execute: inquiring of a terminal of a user who desires to board a mobile object operating for pickup-delivery of an item, whether or not the user is able to handle work of pickup-delivery of the item at a pickup-delivery location between the mobile object and a pickup-delivery service user; and when a response indicating that the user is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery when the user is on board the mobile object is received from the terminal, transmitting to the mobile object an instruction to allow the user who desires to board and is able to handle the work of pickup-delivery to board the mobile object. | 2,800 |
343,624 | 16,803,046 | 3,746 | A method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter on which soot is deposited, including sequentially conducting: a step 1 of impregnating the filter with a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less when an ambient temperature in the filter is at least 40 ° C. lower than the boiling point; a step 2 of raising the ambient temperature in the filter after the impregnation to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the component; and a step 3 of supplying an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature exceeding 550° C. to the filter to burn the soot. | 1. A method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter on which soot is deposited, comprising sequentially conducting:
a step 1 of impregnating the filter with a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less when an ambient temperature in the filter is at least 40° C. lower than the boiling point; a step 2 of raising the ambient temperature in the filter after the impregnation to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the component; and a step 3 of supplying an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature exceeding 550° C. to the filter to burn the soot. 2. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is conducted when the ambient temperature in the filter is at least 60° C. lower than the boiling point. 3. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the component having the boiling point of 550° C. or less is water. 4. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 3, wherein the liquid comprises urea. 5. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, an amount of the liquid impregnated in the filter is set to be 0.05 L or more and 1 L or less per 1 L of the volume of the filter. 6. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas filter is a vehicle exhaust gas filter. 7. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 6, wherein the liquid is supplied from outside the vehicle. 8. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas filter comprises:
an outer peripheral side wall; a plurality of first cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from a first end face to a second end face, the first end face being open and the second end face being plugged; and a plurality of second cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from the first end face to the second end face, the first end face being plugged and the second end face being open, and wherein the exhaust gas filter has a structure in which the first cells and the second cells are alternately arranged adjacent to each other with porous partition walls interposed therebetween. 9. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter does not comprise oxidation catalyst. 10. An exhaust gas filter impregnation system, comprising:
an exhaust gas filter placed in an exhaust gas flow path; a supplier for supplying a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less to the exhaust gas filter; a temperature sensor placed in the exhaust gas flow path; and an automatic controller that permits the supplier to perform supply of the liquid when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is at least 40° C. lower than the boiling point. 11. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier is capable of directly injecting the liquid toward the exhaust gas filter. 12. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter is placed in a liquid reservoir provided in the exhaust gas flow path, and the supplier is capable of supplying the liquid to the liquid reservoir. 13. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier is provided on an upstream side of the exhaust gas filter. 14. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier supplies the liquid at a downstream of an oxidation catalyst provided in the exhaust gas flow path. 15. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the automatic controller permits the supplier to perform supply of the liquid when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is at least 60° C. lower than the boiling point. 16. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the component having the boiling point of 550° C. or less is water. 17. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the liquid comprises urea. 18. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the automatic controller is capable of giving instruction to the supplier to quantitatively supply an amount of the liquid of 0.05 L or more and 1 L or less per 1 L of the volume of the filter. 19. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter is a vehicle exhaust gas filter. 20. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter comprises:
an outer peripheral side wall; a plurality of first cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from a first end face to a second end face, the first end face being open and the second end face being plugged; and a plurality of second cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from the first end face to the second end face, the first end face being plugged and the second end face being open, and wherein the exhaust gas filter has a structure in which the first cells and the second cells are alternately arranged adjacent to each other with porous partition walls interposed therebetween. 21. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the filter does not comprise oxidation catalyst. 22. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier comprises a water tank for collecting and storing liquid water generated by condensation of water vapor in the exhaust gas. 23. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter impregnation system is mounted on a vehicle, and comprises a connection portion for supplying the liquid to the supplier from outside the vehicle. | A method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter on which soot is deposited, including sequentially conducting: a step 1 of impregnating the filter with a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less when an ambient temperature in the filter is at least 40 ° C. lower than the boiling point; a step 2 of raising the ambient temperature in the filter after the impregnation to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the component; and a step 3 of supplying an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature exceeding 550° C. to the filter to burn the soot.1. A method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter on which soot is deposited, comprising sequentially conducting:
a step 1 of impregnating the filter with a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less when an ambient temperature in the filter is at least 40° C. lower than the boiling point; a step 2 of raising the ambient temperature in the filter after the impregnation to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the component; and a step 3 of supplying an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature exceeding 550° C. to the filter to burn the soot. 2. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is conducted when the ambient temperature in the filter is at least 60° C. lower than the boiling point. 3. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the component having the boiling point of 550° C. or less is water. 4. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 3, wherein the liquid comprises urea. 5. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, an amount of the liquid impregnated in the filter is set to be 0.05 L or more and 1 L or less per 1 L of the volume of the filter. 6. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas filter is a vehicle exhaust gas filter. 7. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 6, wherein the liquid is supplied from outside the vehicle. 8. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas filter comprises:
an outer peripheral side wall; a plurality of first cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from a first end face to a second end face, the first end face being open and the second end face being plugged; and a plurality of second cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from the first end face to the second end face, the first end face being plugged and the second end face being open, and wherein the exhaust gas filter has a structure in which the first cells and the second cells are alternately arranged adjacent to each other with porous partition walls interposed therebetween. 9. The method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter does not comprise oxidation catalyst. 10. An exhaust gas filter impregnation system, comprising:
an exhaust gas filter placed in an exhaust gas flow path; a supplier for supplying a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less to the exhaust gas filter; a temperature sensor placed in the exhaust gas flow path; and an automatic controller that permits the supplier to perform supply of the liquid when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is at least 40° C. lower than the boiling point. 11. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier is capable of directly injecting the liquid toward the exhaust gas filter. 12. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter is placed in a liquid reservoir provided in the exhaust gas flow path, and the supplier is capable of supplying the liquid to the liquid reservoir. 13. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier is provided on an upstream side of the exhaust gas filter. 14. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier supplies the liquid at a downstream of an oxidation catalyst provided in the exhaust gas flow path. 15. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the automatic controller permits the supplier to perform supply of the liquid when a temperature measured by the temperature sensor is at least 60° C. lower than the boiling point. 16. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the component having the boiling point of 550° C. or less is water. 17. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the liquid comprises urea. 18. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the automatic controller is capable of giving instruction to the supplier to quantitatively supply an amount of the liquid of 0.05 L or more and 1 L or less per 1 L of the volume of the filter. 19. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter is a vehicle exhaust gas filter. 20. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter comprises:
an outer peripheral side wall; a plurality of first cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from a first end face to a second end face, the first end face being open and the second end face being plugged; and a plurality of second cells disposed inside the outer peripheral side wall, extending from the first end face to the second end face, the first end face being plugged and the second end face being open, and wherein the exhaust gas filter has a structure in which the first cells and the second cells are alternately arranged adjacent to each other with porous partition walls interposed therebetween. 21. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the filter does not comprise oxidation catalyst. 22. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the supplier comprises a water tank for collecting and storing liquid water generated by condensation of water vapor in the exhaust gas. 23. The exhaust gas filter impregnation system according to claim 10, wherein the exhaust gas filter impregnation system is mounted on a vehicle, and comprises a connection portion for supplying the liquid to the supplier from outside the vehicle. | 3,700 |
343,625 | 16,803,033 | 3,746 | An organic photovoltaic cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, an active layer comprising at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material, positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, an outcoupling layer positioned on a surface of the first electrode such that the first electrode is positioned between the outcoupling layer and the active layer, and an anti-reflective coating positioned over a surface of the second electrode such that the second electrode is positioned between the anti-reflective coating and the active layer, wherein the organic photovoltaic cell is at least semi-transparent to at least one wavelength range. A method of fabricating an organic device is also described. | 1. An organic photovoltaic cell, comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; an active layer comprising at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material, positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; an outcoupling layer positioned on a surface of the first electrode such that the first electrode is positioned between the outcoupling layer and the active layer; and an anti-reflective coating positioned over a surface of the second electrode such that the second electrode is positioned between the anti-reflective coating and the active layer; wherein the organic photovoltaic cell is at least semi-transparent to at least one wavelength range. 2. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling layer is configured to reflect at least a portion of light in a second wavelength range. 3. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 2, wherein the second wavelength range comprises near-infrared light. 4. (canceled) 5. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, further comprising a substrate positioned between the second electrode and the anti-reflective coating. 6. (canceled) 7. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises two metals. 8-9. (canceled) 10. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the first electrode has a thickness of less than 15 nm. 11-12. (canceled) 13. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling layer comprises a first sublayer comprising a metal compound, and a second sublayer comprising a carbazole derivative. 14. (canceled) 15. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 13, wherein the carbazole derivative is 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl. 16. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling layer has a thickness in a range of 100-300 nm. 17. (canceled) 18. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the at least one acceptor material comprises a non-fullerene acceptor. 19. (canceled) 20. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 19, wherein the non-fullerene acceptors comprise 4,4,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,11-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-4,10-dihydro-dithienyl[1,2-b:4,5b′]benzodi-thiophene-2,8-diyl) bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5,6-dichloro-1-ylidene) malononitrile and 4,4,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,10-dihydrothieno [2″,3″:4′,5′] thieno[3′,2′:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5,6-difluoro-1-ylidene) malononitrile; and
wherein the polymer donor comprises poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]. 21-22. (canceled) 23. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 22, further comprising an interfacial layer positioned between the buffer layer and the active layer. 24. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 23, wherein the buffer layer comprises ZnO and the interfacial layer comprises a non-fullerene surfactant material. 25. An organic photovoltaic cell comprising:
an active layer comprising at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material; an electrode positioned over the active layer, comprising at least one metal material; and an outcoupling layer positioned over the electrode, the outcoupling layer configured to reflect at least a portion of near-infrared light; wherein the organic photovoltaic cell is configured to be at least semi-transparent to at least one wavelength range. 26. (canceled) 27. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 25, further comprising a distributed Bragg reflector positioned over the outcoupling layer. 28. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 25, wherein the organic photovoltaic cell has an average transmittance in the visible range of at least 60%. 29. (canceled) 30. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 25, wherein the organic photovoltaic cell has a light utilization efficiency of at least 3%. 31. (canceled) 32. A method of fabricating an organic device, comprising:
positioning a first electrode on a substrate; positioning an active layer over the first electrode; depositing a second electrode over the active layer, the second electrode being a thin film having a first metal deposited at a first deposition rate and a second metal different from the first metal deposited at a second deposition rate different from the first deposition rate; and positioning an outcoupling layer over the second electrode. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first and second metals are selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Ti, V, Zn, Sn, Al, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cr. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the first deposition rate is at least 50 times the second deposition rate. 35-38. (canceled) | An organic photovoltaic cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, an active layer comprising at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material, positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, an outcoupling layer positioned on a surface of the first electrode such that the first electrode is positioned between the outcoupling layer and the active layer, and an anti-reflective coating positioned over a surface of the second electrode such that the second electrode is positioned between the anti-reflective coating and the active layer, wherein the organic photovoltaic cell is at least semi-transparent to at least one wavelength range. A method of fabricating an organic device is also described.1. An organic photovoltaic cell, comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; an active layer comprising at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material, positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; an outcoupling layer positioned on a surface of the first electrode such that the first electrode is positioned between the outcoupling layer and the active layer; and an anti-reflective coating positioned over a surface of the second electrode such that the second electrode is positioned between the anti-reflective coating and the active layer; wherein the organic photovoltaic cell is at least semi-transparent to at least one wavelength range. 2. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling layer is configured to reflect at least a portion of light in a second wavelength range. 3. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 2, wherein the second wavelength range comprises near-infrared light. 4. (canceled) 5. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, further comprising a substrate positioned between the second electrode and the anti-reflective coating. 6. (canceled) 7. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises two metals. 8-9. (canceled) 10. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the first electrode has a thickness of less than 15 nm. 11-12. (canceled) 13. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling layer comprises a first sublayer comprising a metal compound, and a second sublayer comprising a carbazole derivative. 14. (canceled) 15. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 13, wherein the carbazole derivative is 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl. 16. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling layer has a thickness in a range of 100-300 nm. 17. (canceled) 18. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the at least one acceptor material comprises a non-fullerene acceptor. 19. (canceled) 20. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 19, wherein the non-fullerene acceptors comprise 4,4,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,11-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-4,10-dihydro-dithienyl[1,2-b:4,5b′]benzodi-thiophene-2,8-diyl) bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5,6-dichloro-1-ylidene) malononitrile and 4,4,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,10-dihydrothieno [2″,3″:4′,5′] thieno[3′,2′:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5,6-difluoro-1-ylidene) malononitrile; and
wherein the polymer donor comprises poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]. 21-22. (canceled) 23. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 22, further comprising an interfacial layer positioned between the buffer layer and the active layer. 24. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 23, wherein the buffer layer comprises ZnO and the interfacial layer comprises a non-fullerene surfactant material. 25. An organic photovoltaic cell comprising:
an active layer comprising at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material; an electrode positioned over the active layer, comprising at least one metal material; and an outcoupling layer positioned over the electrode, the outcoupling layer configured to reflect at least a portion of near-infrared light; wherein the organic photovoltaic cell is configured to be at least semi-transparent to at least one wavelength range. 26. (canceled) 27. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 25, further comprising a distributed Bragg reflector positioned over the outcoupling layer. 28. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 25, wherein the organic photovoltaic cell has an average transmittance in the visible range of at least 60%. 29. (canceled) 30. The organic photovoltaic cell of claim 25, wherein the organic photovoltaic cell has a light utilization efficiency of at least 3%. 31. (canceled) 32. A method of fabricating an organic device, comprising:
positioning a first electrode on a substrate; positioning an active layer over the first electrode; depositing a second electrode over the active layer, the second electrode being a thin film having a first metal deposited at a first deposition rate and a second metal different from the first metal deposited at a second deposition rate different from the first deposition rate; and positioning an outcoupling layer over the second electrode. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first and second metals are selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Ti, V, Zn, Sn, Al, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cr. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the first deposition rate is at least 50 times the second deposition rate. 35-38. (canceled) | 3,700 |
343,626 | 16,803,074 | 3,746 | A battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is connected to a rectifier, and is composed of a (+) terminal formed by connecting a plurality of (+) terminals of a plurality of battery modules, a (+) output terminal connected to a (+) input terminal of the rectifier, a BMS configured to control charging or discharging of the battery pack, and a current path forming unit disposed between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal and configured to form a current path between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal according to the control by the BMS. | 1. A battery pack, which is connected to a rectifier and comprises a plurality of battery modules, the battery pack comprising:
a (+) terminal formed by connecting a plurality of (+) terminals of the plurality of battery modules; a (+) output terminal connected to a (+) input terminal of the rectifier; a battery management system (BMS) configured to control charging or discharging of the battery pack; and a current path forming unit disposed between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal, the current path forming unit being configured to form a current path between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal according to the control by the BMS. 2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the current path forming unit comprises:
a first field effect transistor (FET); a second FET; and a current limiting module, wherein the first FET and the second FET are connected in series, and wherein the current limiting module is connected to the first FET in parallel. 3. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein the current path forming unit is further configured to form any one of:
a charging current path comprising the current limiting module and the second FET to be connected to each other; and a discharge current path comprising the first FET and the second FET to be connected to each other. 4. The battery pack of claim 3, wherein the BMS is further configured to:
form the charging current path when the battery pack is charged; and form any one of a first discharge current path or a second discharge current path when the battery pack is discharged. 5. The battery pack of claim 3, wherein the BMS is further configured to:
measure:
an output voltage value of the rectifier;
an output voltage value of the battery pack; and
a discharge current value of the battery pack;
compare the output voltage value with the output voltage value of the battery pack; form the charging current path between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal by turning off the first FET and by turning on the second FET, when the output voltage value of the rectifier is larger than the output voltage value of the battery pack according to the comparison result; and compare the output voltage value of the rectifier with the output voltage value of the battery pack, and a discharge current value of the battery pack with a prescribed first reference current value, and select a discharge path by controlling on or off of the first and second FETs and the current limiting module according to the current value comparison result, when the output voltage value of the rectifier is smaller than the output voltage value of the battery pack according to the comparison result. 6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein the selecting of the discharge path comprises:
forming a first discharge current path comprising the second FET and a body diode of the first FET by turning on the second FET and turning off the current limiting module and the first FET, when the measured discharge current value of the battery pack is smaller than the prescribed first reference current value according to the current value comparison result; and forming a second discharge current path comprising source-drain paths of the first FET and the second FET by turning off the current limiting module and turning on the first FET and the second FET, when, as the current value comparison result, the measure discharge current value of the battery pack is equal to or larger than the prescribed first reference current value. 7. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein the current limiting module is further configured to limit a charging current to be applied from the rectifier to the battery module so that a value of a current flowing from the rectifier to the battery module does not exceed a preset prescribed allowance charging current value of the battery pack. 8. A current control method of a battery pack, the method comprising:
a voltage measurement step for measuring, by a BMS in a battery pack, an output voltage of a battery pack and an output voltage of a rectifier; and a voltage comparison step for comparing the output voltage of the battery pack with the output voltage of the rectifier, which are measured by the BMS, wherein, when the output voltage of the rectifier is larger than the output value of the battery pack according to a voltage comparison result, the BMS performs a charging current path forming step for determining as a charging state and controlling a current path forming unit to form a path of a charging current flowing from the rectifier to a battery module, and when the output voltage of the battery pack is larger than the output value of the rectifier according to the voltage comparison result, the BMS performs a discharge current path for determining as a discharge state and controlling the current path forming unit to form a path of a discharge current flowing from the battery module to the rectifier, which is different from the path of the charging current. 9. The current control method of a battery pack of claim 8, wherein, in the charging current path forming step:
a first FET is turned off; a current limiting module and a second FET are turned on; the charging current path is formed comprising the current limiting module and the second FET connected to each other; and a current flowing from the rectifier to the battery module is limited under a prescribed allowance charging current value of the battery module. 10. The current control method of a battery pack of claim 8, wherein, in the discharge current path forming step:
the current limiting module is turned off; and the BMS:
performs a battery pack discharge current measuring step for measuring a discharge current of the battery pack; and
performs a current comparison step for comparing the measured discharge current of the battery pack with a prescribed allowance discharge current;
forms a first discharge current path comprising a body diode of a first FET and a second FET by turning off the first FET, when the measured discharge current of the battery pack is smaller than the prescribed first reference current value according to the comparison result from the current comparison step; and
forms a second discharge current path comprising source-drain paths of the first FET and a second FET by turning on the second FET, when the measured discharge current of the battery pack is the prescribed first reference current value or larger according to the comparison result from the current comparison step. | A battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is connected to a rectifier, and is composed of a (+) terminal formed by connecting a plurality of (+) terminals of a plurality of battery modules, a (+) output terminal connected to a (+) input terminal of the rectifier, a BMS configured to control charging or discharging of the battery pack, and a current path forming unit disposed between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal and configured to form a current path between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal according to the control by the BMS.1. A battery pack, which is connected to a rectifier and comprises a plurality of battery modules, the battery pack comprising:
a (+) terminal formed by connecting a plurality of (+) terminals of the plurality of battery modules; a (+) output terminal connected to a (+) input terminal of the rectifier; a battery management system (BMS) configured to control charging or discharging of the battery pack; and a current path forming unit disposed between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal, the current path forming unit being configured to form a current path between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal according to the control by the BMS. 2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the current path forming unit comprises:
a first field effect transistor (FET); a second FET; and a current limiting module, wherein the first FET and the second FET are connected in series, and wherein the current limiting module is connected to the first FET in parallel. 3. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein the current path forming unit is further configured to form any one of:
a charging current path comprising the current limiting module and the second FET to be connected to each other; and a discharge current path comprising the first FET and the second FET to be connected to each other. 4. The battery pack of claim 3, wherein the BMS is further configured to:
form the charging current path when the battery pack is charged; and form any one of a first discharge current path or a second discharge current path when the battery pack is discharged. 5. The battery pack of claim 3, wherein the BMS is further configured to:
measure:
an output voltage value of the rectifier;
an output voltage value of the battery pack; and
a discharge current value of the battery pack;
compare the output voltage value with the output voltage value of the battery pack; form the charging current path between the (+) terminal and the (+) output terminal by turning off the first FET and by turning on the second FET, when the output voltage value of the rectifier is larger than the output voltage value of the battery pack according to the comparison result; and compare the output voltage value of the rectifier with the output voltage value of the battery pack, and a discharge current value of the battery pack with a prescribed first reference current value, and select a discharge path by controlling on or off of the first and second FETs and the current limiting module according to the current value comparison result, when the output voltage value of the rectifier is smaller than the output voltage value of the battery pack according to the comparison result. 6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein the selecting of the discharge path comprises:
forming a first discharge current path comprising the second FET and a body diode of the first FET by turning on the second FET and turning off the current limiting module and the first FET, when the measured discharge current value of the battery pack is smaller than the prescribed first reference current value according to the current value comparison result; and forming a second discharge current path comprising source-drain paths of the first FET and the second FET by turning off the current limiting module and turning on the first FET and the second FET, when, as the current value comparison result, the measure discharge current value of the battery pack is equal to or larger than the prescribed first reference current value. 7. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein the current limiting module is further configured to limit a charging current to be applied from the rectifier to the battery module so that a value of a current flowing from the rectifier to the battery module does not exceed a preset prescribed allowance charging current value of the battery pack. 8. A current control method of a battery pack, the method comprising:
a voltage measurement step for measuring, by a BMS in a battery pack, an output voltage of a battery pack and an output voltage of a rectifier; and a voltage comparison step for comparing the output voltage of the battery pack with the output voltage of the rectifier, which are measured by the BMS, wherein, when the output voltage of the rectifier is larger than the output value of the battery pack according to a voltage comparison result, the BMS performs a charging current path forming step for determining as a charging state and controlling a current path forming unit to form a path of a charging current flowing from the rectifier to a battery module, and when the output voltage of the battery pack is larger than the output value of the rectifier according to the voltage comparison result, the BMS performs a discharge current path for determining as a discharge state and controlling the current path forming unit to form a path of a discharge current flowing from the battery module to the rectifier, which is different from the path of the charging current. 9. The current control method of a battery pack of claim 8, wherein, in the charging current path forming step:
a first FET is turned off; a current limiting module and a second FET are turned on; the charging current path is formed comprising the current limiting module and the second FET connected to each other; and a current flowing from the rectifier to the battery module is limited under a prescribed allowance charging current value of the battery module. 10. The current control method of a battery pack of claim 8, wherein, in the discharge current path forming step:
the current limiting module is turned off; and the BMS:
performs a battery pack discharge current measuring step for measuring a discharge current of the battery pack; and
performs a current comparison step for comparing the measured discharge current of the battery pack with a prescribed allowance discharge current;
forms a first discharge current path comprising a body diode of a first FET and a second FET by turning off the first FET, when the measured discharge current of the battery pack is smaller than the prescribed first reference current value according to the comparison result from the current comparison step; and
forms a second discharge current path comprising source-drain paths of the first FET and a second FET by turning on the second FET, when the measured discharge current of the battery pack is the prescribed first reference current value or larger according to the comparison result from the current comparison step. | 3,700 |
343,627 | 16,803,070 | 3,746 | A jaw member, end effector assembly including the jaw member and an ultrasonic blade, and an ultrasonic surgical instrument including the end effector assembly are provided. The jaw member includes a structural body and a jaw liner. The structural body includes a pair of proximal flanges and an elongated distal portion extending distally from the proximal flanges. The elongated distal portion includes spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected at distal ends thereof via a distal cap. The jaw liner is engaged within the elongated opening and includes a base and first and second arms extending from the base. Each arm defines an inwardly-angled tissue contacting surface. The jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature extending longitudinally therealong between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces of the first and second arms to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second arms relative to one another. | 1. A jaw member configured for use with an ultrasonic surgical instrument, the jaw member comprising:
a structural body including a pair of proximal flanges and an elongated distal portion extending distally from the pair of proximal flanges, the elongated distal portion including first and second spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected at distal ends thereof via a distal cap; and a jaw liner engaged within the elongated opening, the jaw liner including a base and first and second arms extending from the base, each arm defining an inwardly-angled tissue contacting surface, wherein the jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature extending longitudinally therealong between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces of the first and second arms to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second arms relative to one another. 2. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein the jaw liner compliance feature is an elongated channel. 3. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein the first and second spaced-apart side rails define first and second structural body compliance features configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second arms of the jaw liner relative to one another. 4. The jaw member according to claim 3, wherein the first and second structural body compliance features are cut-outs defined within the first and second spaced-apart side rails towards proximal ends thereof. 5. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein the distal cap of the structural body defines a third structural body compliance feature configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second arms of the jaw liner relative to one another. 6. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein each of the inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner includes a plurality of transversely spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending grooves defined therein. 7. An end effector assembly of an ultrasonic surgical instrument, the end effector assembly comprising:
an ultrasonic blade defining a tissue-contacting surface; and a jaw member pivotable relative to the ultrasonic blade between an open position and a clamping position, the jaw member including:
a structural body including a pair of proximal flanges and an elongated distal portion extending distally from the pair of proximal flanges, the elongated distal portion including first and second spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected at distal ends thereof via a distal cap; and
a jaw liner engaged within the elongated opening, the jaw liner defining first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces configured to oppose the tissue-contacting surface of the ultrasonic blade in the clamping position of the jaw member, wherein the jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature extending longitudinally therealong between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces to facilitate outward deflection of the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces relative to one another to thereby tension tissue clamped between the jaw member and the ultrasonic blade. 8. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the tissue-contacting surface of the ultrasonic blade includes first and second tissue-contacting surface portions having an apex disposed therebetween, the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner configured to oppose the first and second tissue-contacting surface portions of the ultrasonic blade and the apex configured to oppose the jaw liner compliance feature in the clamping position of the jaw member. 9. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the jaw liner compliance feature is an elongated channel. 10. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the first and second spaced-apart side rails define first and second structural body compliance features configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner relative to one another. 11. The end effector assembly according to claim 10, wherein the first and second structural body compliance features are cut-outs defined within the first and second spaced-apart side rails towards proximal ends thereof. 12. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the distal cap of the structural body defines a third structural body compliance feature configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner relative to one another. 13. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of the inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner includes a plurality of transversely spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending grooves defined therein. 14. An ultrasonic surgical instrument, comprising:
a housing; an ultrasonic transducer supported by the housing; a movable handle pivotably coupled to the housing; and an elongated assembly extending distally from the housing, the elongated assembly including:
a support sleeve extending distally from the housing;
a drive sleeve operably coupled to the movable handle within the housing and extending distally from the housing, the drive sleeve slidable relative to the support sleeve;
an ultrasonic waveguide operably coupled to the ultrasonic transducer within the housing and extending distally from the housing through the support and drive sleeves; and
an end effector assembly disposed at a distal end of the support sleeve, the end effector assembly including:
an ultrasonic blade extending distally from the ultrasonic waveguide; and
a jaw member pivotable relative to the ultrasonic blade between an open position and a clamping position, the jaw member including:
a structural body including a pair of proximal flanges pivotably coupling the structural body to the support sleeve and operably coupling the structural body to the drive sleeve, the structural body further including an elongated distal portion extending distally from the pair of proximal flanges; and
a jaw liner engaged with the elongated distal portion of the structural body, the jaw liner defining first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces configured to oppose the ultrasonic blade in the clamping position of the jaw member, wherein the jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature disposed between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces to facilitate outward deflection of the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces relative to one another to thereby tension tissue clamped between the jaw member and the ultrasonic blade. 15. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein the ultrasonic blade defines a tissue-contacting surface including first and second tissue-contacting surface portions having an apex disposed therebetween, the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner configured to oppose the first and second tissue-contacting surface portions of the ultrasonic blade and the apex configured to oppose the jaw liner compliance feature in the clamping position of the jaw member. 16. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein the jaw liner compliance feature is an elongated channel extending longitudinally along the jaw liner between the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces thereof 17. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein the elongated distal portion of the structural body defines first and second spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected towards distal ends thereof via a distal cap, wherein the jaw liner is configured for receipt within the elongated opening. 18. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 17, wherein at least one of: the first spaced-apart rails or the distal cap defines a structural body compliance feature configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner relative to one another. 19. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 18, wherein each of the first and second spaced-apart rails and the distal cap defines a structural body compliance feature. 20. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein each of the inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner includes a plurality of transversely spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending grooves defined therein. | A jaw member, end effector assembly including the jaw member and an ultrasonic blade, and an ultrasonic surgical instrument including the end effector assembly are provided. The jaw member includes a structural body and a jaw liner. The structural body includes a pair of proximal flanges and an elongated distal portion extending distally from the proximal flanges. The elongated distal portion includes spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected at distal ends thereof via a distal cap. The jaw liner is engaged within the elongated opening and includes a base and first and second arms extending from the base. Each arm defines an inwardly-angled tissue contacting surface. The jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature extending longitudinally therealong between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces of the first and second arms to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second arms relative to one another.1. A jaw member configured for use with an ultrasonic surgical instrument, the jaw member comprising:
a structural body including a pair of proximal flanges and an elongated distal portion extending distally from the pair of proximal flanges, the elongated distal portion including first and second spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected at distal ends thereof via a distal cap; and a jaw liner engaged within the elongated opening, the jaw liner including a base and first and second arms extending from the base, each arm defining an inwardly-angled tissue contacting surface, wherein the jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature extending longitudinally therealong between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces of the first and second arms to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second arms relative to one another. 2. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein the jaw liner compliance feature is an elongated channel. 3. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein the first and second spaced-apart side rails define first and second structural body compliance features configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second arms of the jaw liner relative to one another. 4. The jaw member according to claim 3, wherein the first and second structural body compliance features are cut-outs defined within the first and second spaced-apart side rails towards proximal ends thereof. 5. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein the distal cap of the structural body defines a third structural body compliance feature configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second arms of the jaw liner relative to one another. 6. The jaw member according to claim 1, wherein each of the inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner includes a plurality of transversely spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending grooves defined therein. 7. An end effector assembly of an ultrasonic surgical instrument, the end effector assembly comprising:
an ultrasonic blade defining a tissue-contacting surface; and a jaw member pivotable relative to the ultrasonic blade between an open position and a clamping position, the jaw member including:
a structural body including a pair of proximal flanges and an elongated distal portion extending distally from the pair of proximal flanges, the elongated distal portion including first and second spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected at distal ends thereof via a distal cap; and
a jaw liner engaged within the elongated opening, the jaw liner defining first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces configured to oppose the tissue-contacting surface of the ultrasonic blade in the clamping position of the jaw member, wherein the jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature extending longitudinally therealong between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces to facilitate outward deflection of the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces relative to one another to thereby tension tissue clamped between the jaw member and the ultrasonic blade. 8. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the tissue-contacting surface of the ultrasonic blade includes first and second tissue-contacting surface portions having an apex disposed therebetween, the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner configured to oppose the first and second tissue-contacting surface portions of the ultrasonic blade and the apex configured to oppose the jaw liner compliance feature in the clamping position of the jaw member. 9. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the jaw liner compliance feature is an elongated channel. 10. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the first and second spaced-apart side rails define first and second structural body compliance features configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner relative to one another. 11. The end effector assembly according to claim 10, wherein the first and second structural body compliance features are cut-outs defined within the first and second spaced-apart side rails towards proximal ends thereof. 12. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein the distal cap of the structural body defines a third structural body compliance feature configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner relative to one another. 13. The end effector assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of the inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner includes a plurality of transversely spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending grooves defined therein. 14. An ultrasonic surgical instrument, comprising:
a housing; an ultrasonic transducer supported by the housing; a movable handle pivotably coupled to the housing; and an elongated assembly extending distally from the housing, the elongated assembly including:
a support sleeve extending distally from the housing;
a drive sleeve operably coupled to the movable handle within the housing and extending distally from the housing, the drive sleeve slidable relative to the support sleeve;
an ultrasonic waveguide operably coupled to the ultrasonic transducer within the housing and extending distally from the housing through the support and drive sleeves; and
an end effector assembly disposed at a distal end of the support sleeve, the end effector assembly including:
an ultrasonic blade extending distally from the ultrasonic waveguide; and
a jaw member pivotable relative to the ultrasonic blade between an open position and a clamping position, the jaw member including:
a structural body including a pair of proximal flanges pivotably coupling the structural body to the support sleeve and operably coupling the structural body to the drive sleeve, the structural body further including an elongated distal portion extending distally from the pair of proximal flanges; and
a jaw liner engaged with the elongated distal portion of the structural body, the jaw liner defining first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces configured to oppose the ultrasonic blade in the clamping position of the jaw member, wherein the jaw liner defines a jaw liner compliance feature disposed between the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces to facilitate outward deflection of the inwardly-angled tissue-contacting surfaces relative to one another to thereby tension tissue clamped between the jaw member and the ultrasonic blade. 15. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein the ultrasonic blade defines a tissue-contacting surface including first and second tissue-contacting surface portions having an apex disposed therebetween, the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner configured to oppose the first and second tissue-contacting surface portions of the ultrasonic blade and the apex configured to oppose the jaw liner compliance feature in the clamping position of the jaw member. 16. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein the jaw liner compliance feature is an elongated channel extending longitudinally along the jaw liner between the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces thereof 17. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein the elongated distal portion of the structural body defines first and second spaced-apart side rails defining an elongated opening therebetween and interconnected towards distal ends thereof via a distal cap, wherein the jaw liner is configured for receipt within the elongated opening. 18. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 17, wherein at least one of: the first spaced-apart rails or the distal cap defines a structural body compliance feature configured to facilitate outward deflection of the first and second spaced-apart side rails relative to one another, thus permitting further outward deflection of the first and second inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner relative to one another. 19. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 18, wherein each of the first and second spaced-apart rails and the distal cap defines a structural body compliance feature. 20. The ultrasonic surgical instrument according to claim 14, wherein each of the inwardly-angled tissue contacting surfaces of the jaw liner includes a plurality of transversely spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending grooves defined therein. | 3,700 |
343,628 | 16,803,025 | 3,746 | An example method comprises: receiving, at a server from a first client device, a request for access to a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the server, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the server, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the server, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the server nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes nodes that cannot be executed; transmitting the pruned rule and partial decision to the first client device. | 1. A computer-implemented method of enabling a client feature, comprising:
receiving, at a server from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the server, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the server, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the server, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the server, the nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes the nodes that cannot be executed; and transmitting the pruned rule and the partial decision to the first client device, the pruned rule being executed on the first client device with the partial decision to generate a final decision, the client feature being configured based on the final decision. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising collecting device capabilities from the first client device and a plurality of other client devices that communicated with the first client device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the applicable rule determines an image resolution in an augmented reality application for the first client device. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising scheduling the collecting to avoid interruption of processing on the devices. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicable rule comprises priority nodes and non-priority nodes and the priority nodes are executed before the non-priority nodes. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the applicable rule determines that an image resolution is to be reduced and a priority node includes battery level and a non-priority node includes co-processor availability. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicable rule determines model input size in a deep neural network and a node includes co-processor availability. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the deep neural network performs human body segmentation and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicable rule determines texture level and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 10. A computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a server, cause the server to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at the server from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the server, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the server, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the server, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the server, the nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes the nodes that cannot be executed; and transmitting the pruned rule and the partial decision to the first client device, the pruned rule being executed on the first client device with the partial decision to generate a final decision, the client feature being configured based on the final decision. 11. A messaging system, comprising:
a memory that stores instructions; and one or more processors configured by the instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving, at the one or more processors from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the one or more processors, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the one or more processors, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the one or more processors, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the one or more processors, the nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes the nodes that cannot be executed; and transmitting the pruned rule and the partial decision to the first client device, the pruned rule being executed on the first client device with the partial decision to generate a final decision, the client feature being configured based on the final decision. 12. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise collecting device capabilities from the first client device and a plurality of other client devices that communicated with the first client device. 13. The messaging system of claim 12, wherein the applicable rule determines an image resolution in an augmented reality application for the first client device 14. The messaging system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise scheduling the collecting to avoid interruption of processing on the devices. 15. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the applicable rule comprises priority nodes and non-priority nodes and the priority nodes are executed before the non-priority nodes. 16. The messaging system of claim 15, wherein the applicable rule determines that an image resolution is to be reduced and a priority node includes battery level and a non-priority node includes co-processor availability. 17. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the applicable rule determines model input size in a deep neural network and a node includes co-processor availability. 18. The messaging system of claim 17, wherein the deep neural network performs human body segmentation and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 19. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the applicable rule determines texture level and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 20. A messaging system, comprising:
a memory that stores instructions; and one or more processors configured by the instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving, at the one or more processors from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the one or more processors, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the one or more processors, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; executing, by the one or more processors, the plurality of nodes to reach a decision for the applicable rule; and transmitting the decision to the first client device, the client feature being configured based on the decision. | An example method comprises: receiving, at a server from a first client device, a request for access to a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the server, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the server, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the server, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the server nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes nodes that cannot be executed; transmitting the pruned rule and partial decision to the first client device.1. A computer-implemented method of enabling a client feature, comprising:
receiving, at a server from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the server, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the server, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the server, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the server, the nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes the nodes that cannot be executed; and transmitting the pruned rule and the partial decision to the first client device, the pruned rule being executed on the first client device with the partial decision to generate a final decision, the client feature being configured based on the final decision. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising collecting device capabilities from the first client device and a plurality of other client devices that communicated with the first client device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the applicable rule determines an image resolution in an augmented reality application for the first client device. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising scheduling the collecting to avoid interruption of processing on the devices. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicable rule comprises priority nodes and non-priority nodes and the priority nodes are executed before the non-priority nodes. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the applicable rule determines that an image resolution is to be reduced and a priority node includes battery level and a non-priority node includes co-processor availability. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicable rule determines model input size in a deep neural network and a node includes co-processor availability. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the deep neural network performs human body segmentation and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicable rule determines texture level and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 10. A computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a server, cause the server to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at the server from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the server, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the server, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the server, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the server, the nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes the nodes that cannot be executed; and transmitting the pruned rule and the partial decision to the first client device, the pruned rule being executed on the first client device with the partial decision to generate a final decision, the client feature being configured based on the final decision. 11. A messaging system, comprising:
a memory that stores instructions; and one or more processors configured by the instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving, at the one or more processors from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the one or more processors, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the one or more processors, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; determining, by the one or more processors, nodes that can be executed and nodes that cannot be executed, based on the device capabilities, the nodes that can be executed including device hardware capabilities and the nodes that cannot be executed including real-time device capabilities; executing, by the one or more processors, the nodes that can be executed to reach a partial decision for the applicable rule; pruning the applicable rule to remove executed nodes and generate a pruned rule that includes the nodes that cannot be executed; and transmitting the pruned rule and the partial decision to the first client device, the pruned rule being executed on the first client device with the partial decision to generate a final decision, the client feature being configured based on the final decision. 12. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise collecting device capabilities from the first client device and a plurality of other client devices that communicated with the first client device. 13. The messaging system of claim 12, wherein the applicable rule determines an image resolution in an augmented reality application for the first client device 14. The messaging system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise scheduling the collecting to avoid interruption of processing on the devices. 15. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the applicable rule comprises priority nodes and non-priority nodes and the priority nodes are executed before the non-priority nodes. 16. The messaging system of claim 15, wherein the applicable rule determines that an image resolution is to be reduced and a priority node includes battery level and a non-priority node includes co-processor availability. 17. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the applicable rule determines model input size in a deep neural network and a node includes co-processor availability. 18. The messaging system of claim 17, wherein the deep neural network performs human body segmentation and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 19. The messaging system of claim 11, wherein the applicable rule determines texture level and maintains a frames per second level for the client feature. 20. A messaging system, comprising:
a memory that stores instructions; and one or more processors configured by the instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving, at the one or more processors from a first client device, a request to access a client feature on the first client device; determining, by the one or more processors, an applicable rule for the access request, the applicable rule having a plurality of nodes; determining, by the one or more processors, device capabilities needed for the determined rule; executing, by the one or more processors, the plurality of nodes to reach a decision for the applicable rule; and transmitting the decision to the first client device, the client feature being configured based on the decision. | 3,700 |
343,629 | 16,803,036 | 3,746 | A mobile secure agent on a wireless device executes one or more authenticated data collection profiles provisioned by a private profile producer. Each data package can only be transmitted to a collector certificated by the same private profile producer. Update profiles are signed and provisioned through a tunnel initiated from the mobile secure agent. A Certificate Authority provides libraries, anchors, and certificates in a key management message module to each mobile secure agent which enables revocation and replacement of certificates. Data stored in this way on a wireless device may only be transmitted in encrypted form to an authenticated destination. | 1. A method for transferring an authenticated profile to a wireless mobile device, the method comprising:
generating the authenticated profile for transmission to a mobile secure agent operating on the wireless mobile device; transmitting a notification to the mobile secure agent, wherein the message indicates that the authenticated profile is available for transmission to the mobile secure agent; authenticating a secure channel initiated by the mobile secure agent in response to the message; and transmitting the authenticated profile to the mobile secure agent using the secure channel. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising authenticating a profile producer that generated the profile from which the authenticated profile was generated. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising distributing the authenticated profile to a provisioner server. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the notification comprises a message or a black short message. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the notification is configured to trigger pre-defined operations by the mobile secure agent. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the authenticated profile from a certificate authority that generated the authenticated profile by authenticating a profile received from a profile producer. 7. A system for transferring certificates and profiles to a wireless mobile device, the system comprising:
a secure notifier apparatus configured to receive a direction from a signing authority and transmit a notification to a mobile secure agent controlling a processor on a wireless mobile device in response to the direction; a certified profile update provisioner server configured to receive a certificate and a profile from the signing authority, receive a request for an secure channel initiated by the mobile secure agent, authenticate the secure channel request using the certificate, and transmit a certified profile to the at least one mobile secure agent over the secure channel; and a certified data package collector server, wherein the certified data package collector server comprises a certificate from the signing authority, is configured to receive a request initiated by the mobile secure agent for a secure channel, is configured to authenticate a certified data package collector using the certificate, is configured to receive encrypted data packages from the mobile secure agent. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the certified profile comprises an updated profile. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the notification comprises a black short message. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the notification is configured to cause the mobile secure agent to perform pre-defined operations. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the pre-defined operations include one or more of requesting the certified profile, initiating the secure channel to the certified profile update provisioner server, or request an update to a key management module. 12. The system of claim 7, further comprising a private profile producer apparatus that is communicatively coupled to a unified mobile security certificate authority apparatus, the secure notifier apparatus, the certified profile update provisioner server and the certified data package collector server;
wherein the unified mobile security certificate authority apparatus is communicatively coupled to the mobile secure agent and wherein the mobile secure agent is configured with cryptographic libraries, default profiles, authentication anchors, and at least one certificate. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the certified data package collector server is configured to prevent the encrypted data packages from being misrouted. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the certified profile determines which data is collected by the mobile secure agent, wherein the collected data is included in the encrypted data packages. 15. A method for operating a mobile security system, the method comprising:
receiving a request from a mobile secure agent to establish a secure channel; receiving an encrypted data package generated in accordance with a certified profile from the mobile secure agent; provisioning a data package collector with an authenticated certificate such that the data package collector is authorized to receive the encrypted data package from the mobile secure agent that received the certified profile; and provisioning the data package collector with a key that allows the data package collector to decrypt the encrypted data package. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the request is generated in response to a notification from the data package collector or based on the certified profile. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating a certificate for authentication by a unified mobile security certificate authority, wherein the certificate authenticates a private profile producer, wherein the private profile producer is configured to generate the certified profile for distribution to the mobile secure agent operating on a mobile device. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a request to establish a secure channel with the private profile producer; a distributing the certified profile to the mobile secure agent over the secure channel. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the notification comprises a black short message. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising delivering key management messages to the mobile secure agent over a secure channel initiated by the mobile secure agent. | A mobile secure agent on a wireless device executes one or more authenticated data collection profiles provisioned by a private profile producer. Each data package can only be transmitted to a collector certificated by the same private profile producer. Update profiles are signed and provisioned through a tunnel initiated from the mobile secure agent. A Certificate Authority provides libraries, anchors, and certificates in a key management message module to each mobile secure agent which enables revocation and replacement of certificates. Data stored in this way on a wireless device may only be transmitted in encrypted form to an authenticated destination.1. A method for transferring an authenticated profile to a wireless mobile device, the method comprising:
generating the authenticated profile for transmission to a mobile secure agent operating on the wireless mobile device; transmitting a notification to the mobile secure agent, wherein the message indicates that the authenticated profile is available for transmission to the mobile secure agent; authenticating a secure channel initiated by the mobile secure agent in response to the message; and transmitting the authenticated profile to the mobile secure agent using the secure channel. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising authenticating a profile producer that generated the profile from which the authenticated profile was generated. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising distributing the authenticated profile to a provisioner server. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the notification comprises a message or a black short message. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the notification is configured to trigger pre-defined operations by the mobile secure agent. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the authenticated profile from a certificate authority that generated the authenticated profile by authenticating a profile received from a profile producer. 7. A system for transferring certificates and profiles to a wireless mobile device, the system comprising:
a secure notifier apparatus configured to receive a direction from a signing authority and transmit a notification to a mobile secure agent controlling a processor on a wireless mobile device in response to the direction; a certified profile update provisioner server configured to receive a certificate and a profile from the signing authority, receive a request for an secure channel initiated by the mobile secure agent, authenticate the secure channel request using the certificate, and transmit a certified profile to the at least one mobile secure agent over the secure channel; and a certified data package collector server, wherein the certified data package collector server comprises a certificate from the signing authority, is configured to receive a request initiated by the mobile secure agent for a secure channel, is configured to authenticate a certified data package collector using the certificate, is configured to receive encrypted data packages from the mobile secure agent. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the certified profile comprises an updated profile. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the notification comprises a black short message. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the notification is configured to cause the mobile secure agent to perform pre-defined operations. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the pre-defined operations include one or more of requesting the certified profile, initiating the secure channel to the certified profile update provisioner server, or request an update to a key management module. 12. The system of claim 7, further comprising a private profile producer apparatus that is communicatively coupled to a unified mobile security certificate authority apparatus, the secure notifier apparatus, the certified profile update provisioner server and the certified data package collector server;
wherein the unified mobile security certificate authority apparatus is communicatively coupled to the mobile secure agent and wherein the mobile secure agent is configured with cryptographic libraries, default profiles, authentication anchors, and at least one certificate. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the certified data package collector server is configured to prevent the encrypted data packages from being misrouted. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the certified profile determines which data is collected by the mobile secure agent, wherein the collected data is included in the encrypted data packages. 15. A method for operating a mobile security system, the method comprising:
receiving a request from a mobile secure agent to establish a secure channel; receiving an encrypted data package generated in accordance with a certified profile from the mobile secure agent; provisioning a data package collector with an authenticated certificate such that the data package collector is authorized to receive the encrypted data package from the mobile secure agent that received the certified profile; and provisioning the data package collector with a key that allows the data package collector to decrypt the encrypted data package. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the request is generated in response to a notification from the data package collector or based on the certified profile. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating a certificate for authentication by a unified mobile security certificate authority, wherein the certificate authenticates a private profile producer, wherein the private profile producer is configured to generate the certified profile for distribution to the mobile secure agent operating on a mobile device. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a request to establish a secure channel with the private profile producer; a distributing the certified profile to the mobile secure agent over the secure channel. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the notification comprises a black short message. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising delivering key management messages to the mobile secure agent over a secure channel initiated by the mobile secure agent. | 3,700 |
343,630 | 16,802,987 | 3,746 | According to one embodiments, a calibration detecting apparatus includes a generator, a setting unit, an acquisition unit, and a calculator. The generator generates location data indicating a group including a pair of two positions arranged respectively in two spaces. The setting unit sets an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including an end position of the end effector. The acquisition unit acquires observation data indicating whether or not the end effector is observed. The calculator calculates a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. | 1. A calibration detecting apparatus comprising:
a first generator that generates location group data indicating a location group that includes at least a pair of at least two positions arranged respectively in two spaces which are obtained by dividing a space by a planar region including a distal end position of an end effector and a position of a laser source; a setting unit that sets an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including the distal end position; a second generator that generates transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position among positions indicated by the location group data, the at least one position being designated within a range including a first space which is at least one of the two spaces; an acquisition unit that acquires observation data indicating whether or not the end effector is observed by performing laser irradiation in a state of the irradiation arrangement each time the distal end position is moved in accordance with the transfer data; and a calculator that calculates a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
if the observation data indicates that there is a position at which the end effector fails to be observed in the first space, the calculator calculates that the installed state is changed. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second generator generates the transfer data of both spaces including a second space which is the other space of the two spaces, and if the observation data indicates that the end effector is observed in the first space and fails to be observed in the second space, the calculator calculates that the installed state fails to be changed. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
if the observation data indicates that all of the positions at which the end effector fails to be observed are distant from the irradiating device by more than a certain distance, the calculator calculates that the installed state of a laser changes to face downwards. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates location group data in which the location group is set in a first region which is present in a direction from the irradiating device to the distal end position, and second regions which are on both sides of the first region, in the planar region. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
if the observation data indicates that a position at which the end effector fails to be observed is one of both sides of the second regions, the calculator calculates that the irradiating device is in a state of being rotated about an irradiation direction of the laser. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the setting unit sets the irradiation arrangement so that laser irradiation is performed on a planar region including the distal end position. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates location group data in which the location group includes a plurality of pairs, and is arranged respectively at different positions. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates location group data in which each of the location groups is arranged at equal distances from the planar region. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a third generator that generates revising data indicating how the irradiation arrangement is revised based on the change in the installed state. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a presentation unit that presents the revising data. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates the location group data by adopting a horizontal planar region as the planar region and arranging the position symmetrically with respect to the horizontal planar region. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
the second generator generates transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position designated within a range including at least a lower side region of the horizontal planar region. 14. A calibration detecting method comprising:
generating location group data indicating a location group that consists of includes at least a pair of at least two positions arranged respectively in two spaces which are obtained by dividing a space by a planar region including a distal end position of an end effector and a position of a laser source; setting an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including the distal end position; generating transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position among positions indicated by the location group data, the at least one position being designated within a range including a first space which is at least one of the two spaces; acquiring observation data indicating whether or not the end effector has been is observed by performing laser irradiation in a state of the irradiation arrangement each time the distal end position is moved in accordance with the transfer data; and calculating a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program which is executed by a computer to provide the steps of:
generating location group data indicating a location group that consists of includes at least a pair of at least two positions arranged respectively in two spaces which are obtained by dividing a space by a planar region including a distal end position of an end effector and a position of a laser source; setting an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including the distal end position; generating transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position among positions indicated by the location group data, the at least one position being designated within a range including a first space which is at least one of the two spaces; acquiring observation data indicating whether or not the end effector has been is observed by performing laser irradiation in a state of the irradiation arrangement each time the distal end position is moved in accordance with the transfer data; and calculating a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. 16. A robot comprising the calibration detecting apparatus according to claim 1. 17. An irradiating device comprising the calibration detecting apparatus according to claim 1. | According to one embodiments, a calibration detecting apparatus includes a generator, a setting unit, an acquisition unit, and a calculator. The generator generates location data indicating a group including a pair of two positions arranged respectively in two spaces. The setting unit sets an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including an end position of the end effector. The acquisition unit acquires observation data indicating whether or not the end effector is observed. The calculator calculates a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data.1. A calibration detecting apparatus comprising:
a first generator that generates location group data indicating a location group that includes at least a pair of at least two positions arranged respectively in two spaces which are obtained by dividing a space by a planar region including a distal end position of an end effector and a position of a laser source; a setting unit that sets an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including the distal end position; a second generator that generates transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position among positions indicated by the location group data, the at least one position being designated within a range including a first space which is at least one of the two spaces; an acquisition unit that acquires observation data indicating whether or not the end effector is observed by performing laser irradiation in a state of the irradiation arrangement each time the distal end position is moved in accordance with the transfer data; and a calculator that calculates a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
if the observation data indicates that there is a position at which the end effector fails to be observed in the first space, the calculator calculates that the installed state is changed. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second generator generates the transfer data of both spaces including a second space which is the other space of the two spaces, and if the observation data indicates that the end effector is observed in the first space and fails to be observed in the second space, the calculator calculates that the installed state fails to be changed. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
if the observation data indicates that all of the positions at which the end effector fails to be observed are distant from the irradiating device by more than a certain distance, the calculator calculates that the installed state of a laser changes to face downwards. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates location group data in which the location group is set in a first region which is present in a direction from the irradiating device to the distal end position, and second regions which are on both sides of the first region, in the planar region. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
if the observation data indicates that a position at which the end effector fails to be observed is one of both sides of the second regions, the calculator calculates that the irradiating device is in a state of being rotated about an irradiation direction of the laser. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the setting unit sets the irradiation arrangement so that laser irradiation is performed on a planar region including the distal end position. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates location group data in which the location group includes a plurality of pairs, and is arranged respectively at different positions. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates location group data in which each of the location groups is arranged at equal distances from the planar region. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a third generator that generates revising data indicating how the irradiation arrangement is revised based on the change in the installed state. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a presentation unit that presents the revising data. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator generates the location group data by adopting a horizontal planar region as the planar region and arranging the position symmetrically with respect to the horizontal planar region. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
the second generator generates transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position designated within a range including at least a lower side region of the horizontal planar region. 14. A calibration detecting method comprising:
generating location group data indicating a location group that consists of includes at least a pair of at least two positions arranged respectively in two spaces which are obtained by dividing a space by a planar region including a distal end position of an end effector and a position of a laser source; setting an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including the distal end position; generating transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position among positions indicated by the location group data, the at least one position being designated within a range including a first space which is at least one of the two spaces; acquiring observation data indicating whether or not the end effector has been is observed by performing laser irradiation in a state of the irradiation arrangement each time the distal end position is moved in accordance with the transfer data; and calculating a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program which is executed by a computer to provide the steps of:
generating location group data indicating a location group that consists of includes at least a pair of at least two positions arranged respectively in two spaces which are obtained by dividing a space by a planar region including a distal end position of an end effector and a position of a laser source; setting an irradiation arrangement so that an irradiating device performs laser irradiation on a region including the distal end position; generating transfer data for moving the distal end position to at least one position among positions indicated by the location group data, the at least one position being designated within a range including a first space which is at least one of the two spaces; acquiring observation data indicating whether or not the end effector has been is observed by performing laser irradiation in a state of the irradiation arrangement each time the distal end position is moved in accordance with the transfer data; and calculating a change in an installed state of the irradiating device based on the observation data. 16. A robot comprising the calibration detecting apparatus according to claim 1. 17. An irradiating device comprising the calibration detecting apparatus according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
343,631 | 16,802,954 | 3,746 | This disclosure describes at least embodiments of an aircraft monitoring system for an electric or hybrid airplane. The aircraft monitoring system can be constructed to enable the electric or hybrid aircraft to pass certification requirements relating to a safety risk analysis. The aircraft monitoring system can have different subsystems for monitoring and alerting of failures of components, such as a power source for powering an electric motor, of the electric or hybrid aircraft. The failures that pose a greater safety risk may be monitored and indicated by one or more subsystems without use of programmable components. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A modular power system for an electric or hybrid airplane, the modular power system including a power source constructed from a plurality of battery modules coupled to one another, the power source being usable to power a motor configured to propel the electric or hybrid airplane, the modular power system comprising:
a power source configured to power a motor and comprising a plurality of battery modules, the motor being configured to propel a vehicle housing that is configured to fly, the plurality of battery modules comprising a first battery module and a second battery module, wherein the first battery module comprises a first module housing, a plurality of first battery cells, and a first conductor, the first module housing being configured support the plurality of first battery cells, the plurality of first battery cells being electrically connected in parallel with one another by the first conductor, and wherein the second battery module comprises a second module housing, a plurality of second battery cells, and a second conductor, the second module housing being configured support the plurality of second battery cells and coupled to the first module housing, the plurality of second battery cells being electrically connected in parallel with one another by the second conductor and electrically connected in series with the plurality of first battery cells. 22. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first conductor comprises a plate and is configured to distribute heat evenly across the plurality of first battery cells so that the plurality of first battery cells age at a common rate. 23. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first battery module is configured to be cooled by air in the vehicle housing. 24. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first conductor comprises copper. 25. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the plurality of first battery cells comprises no more than 16 battery cells. 26. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein each of at least some of the plurality of first battery cells is substantially shaped as a cylinder, and the first module housing comprises plastic and is substantially shaped as a rectangular prism. 27. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing is configured to prevent a fire in the plurality of first battery cells from spreading outside of the first module housing. 28. The modular power system of claim 21, further comprising a circuit board assembly positioned in first module housing and configured to monitor the plurality of first battery cells with one or more sensors. 29. The modular power system of claim 28, wherein the one or more sensors are configured to monitor a voltage, a temperature, or a current of one or more of the plurality of first battery cells. 30. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the power source is electrically isolated by galvanic isolation from another power source that is configured to power the motor. 31. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first battery module is not electrically isolated by galvanic isolation from the second battery module. 32. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the power source has a maximum current output between 100 A and 500 A during operation. 33. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein a first side of the first module housing is configured to couple to the second module housing, and a second side of the first module housing opposite the first side is configured to couple to a third module housing of a third battery module of the plurality of battery modules, the third module housing supporting a plurality of third battery cells. 34. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing are sized and shaped to fit between structural supports of the vehicle housing when the first module housing is coupled to the second module housing. 35. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing are sized and shaped to fit within a wing of the vehicle housing when the first module housing is coupled to the second module housing. 36. The modular power system of claim 35, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing are sized and shaped to fit within an engine compartment of the wing when the first module housing is coupled to the second module housing. 37. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing each have an outer length, an outer width, and an outer height that each range from 30 mm to 250 mm. 38. The modular power system of claim 37, wherein the outer length, the outer width, and the outer height each range from 50 mm to 100 mm. 39. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first battery module and the second battery module are configured to be electrically coupled in series with a plurality of additional battery modules of the plurality of battery modules. 40. The modular power system of claim 21, further comprising the motor and the vehicle housing. | This disclosure describes at least embodiments of an aircraft monitoring system for an electric or hybrid airplane. The aircraft monitoring system can be constructed to enable the electric or hybrid aircraft to pass certification requirements relating to a safety risk analysis. The aircraft monitoring system can have different subsystems for monitoring and alerting of failures of components, such as a power source for powering an electric motor, of the electric or hybrid aircraft. The failures that pose a greater safety risk may be monitored and indicated by one or more subsystems without use of programmable components.1-20. (canceled) 21. A modular power system for an electric or hybrid airplane, the modular power system including a power source constructed from a plurality of battery modules coupled to one another, the power source being usable to power a motor configured to propel the electric or hybrid airplane, the modular power system comprising:
a power source configured to power a motor and comprising a plurality of battery modules, the motor being configured to propel a vehicle housing that is configured to fly, the plurality of battery modules comprising a first battery module and a second battery module, wherein the first battery module comprises a first module housing, a plurality of first battery cells, and a first conductor, the first module housing being configured support the plurality of first battery cells, the plurality of first battery cells being electrically connected in parallel with one another by the first conductor, and wherein the second battery module comprises a second module housing, a plurality of second battery cells, and a second conductor, the second module housing being configured support the plurality of second battery cells and coupled to the first module housing, the plurality of second battery cells being electrically connected in parallel with one another by the second conductor and electrically connected in series with the plurality of first battery cells. 22. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first conductor comprises a plate and is configured to distribute heat evenly across the plurality of first battery cells so that the plurality of first battery cells age at a common rate. 23. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first battery module is configured to be cooled by air in the vehicle housing. 24. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first conductor comprises copper. 25. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the plurality of first battery cells comprises no more than 16 battery cells. 26. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein each of at least some of the plurality of first battery cells is substantially shaped as a cylinder, and the first module housing comprises plastic and is substantially shaped as a rectangular prism. 27. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing is configured to prevent a fire in the plurality of first battery cells from spreading outside of the first module housing. 28. The modular power system of claim 21, further comprising a circuit board assembly positioned in first module housing and configured to monitor the plurality of first battery cells with one or more sensors. 29. The modular power system of claim 28, wherein the one or more sensors are configured to monitor a voltage, a temperature, or a current of one or more of the plurality of first battery cells. 30. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the power source is electrically isolated by galvanic isolation from another power source that is configured to power the motor. 31. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first battery module is not electrically isolated by galvanic isolation from the second battery module. 32. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the power source has a maximum current output between 100 A and 500 A during operation. 33. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein a first side of the first module housing is configured to couple to the second module housing, and a second side of the first module housing opposite the first side is configured to couple to a third module housing of a third battery module of the plurality of battery modules, the third module housing supporting a plurality of third battery cells. 34. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing are sized and shaped to fit between structural supports of the vehicle housing when the first module housing is coupled to the second module housing. 35. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing are sized and shaped to fit within a wing of the vehicle housing when the first module housing is coupled to the second module housing. 36. The modular power system of claim 35, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing are sized and shaped to fit within an engine compartment of the wing when the first module housing is coupled to the second module housing. 37. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first module housing and the second module housing each have an outer length, an outer width, and an outer height that each range from 30 mm to 250 mm. 38. The modular power system of claim 37, wherein the outer length, the outer width, and the outer height each range from 50 mm to 100 mm. 39. The modular power system of claim 21, wherein the first battery module and the second battery module are configured to be electrically coupled in series with a plurality of additional battery modules of the plurality of battery modules. 40. The modular power system of claim 21, further comprising the motor and the vehicle housing. | 3,700 |
343,632 | 16,803,042 | 3,746 | A display driving circuit is provided. The circuit drives a display panel that includes data lines, sensing lines, and sub-pixels connected to the data lines and the sensing lines. The display driving circuit includes a data driver integrated circuit that drives the data lines. The data driver integrated circuit includes a driving block and a sensing block. The driving block includes plural digital-analog converters (DACs) each performing digital-analog conversion with respect to received sub-pixel data to generate output voltages and provide the output voltages of the DACs to the data lines. The sensing block measures grayscale voltages output from the DACs in a first operation mode and measures pixel voltages of the sub-pixels received from the sensing lines in a second operation mode. | 1. A display driving circuit configured to drive a display panel, the display panel comprising a plurality of data lines, a plurality of sensing lines, and a plurality of sub-pixels connected to the plurality of data lines and the plurality of sensing lines, the display driving circuit comprising:
a data driver integrated circuit configured to drive the plurality of data lines, wherein the data driver integrated circuit comprises: a driving block comprising a plurality of digital-analog converters (DACs) each configured to perform digital-analog conversion with respect to received sub-pixel data to generate output voltages and provide the output voltages of the plurality of DACs to the plurality of data lines; and a sensing block configured to measure grayscale voltages output from the plurality of DACs in a first operation mode and measure pixel voltages of the plurality of sub-pixels received from the plurality of sensing lines in a second operation mode. 2. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein offsets of the grayscale voltages and electrical properties of the pixel voltages are used for data compensation for a plurality of pieces of sub-pixel data to be provided to the plurality of sub-pixels. 3. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein the data driver integrated circuit further comprises a switching block configured to provide the grayscale voltages of the plurality of DACs to the sensing block in the first operation mode. 4. The display driving circuit of claim 3, wherein the grayscale voltages are provided from the plurality of DACs to the sensing block through the switching block in the data driver integrated circuit. 5. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein the sensing block comprises at least one analog-digital converter (ADC) to convert received analog signals to digital signals. 6. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein:
in the first operation mode, each of the plurality of DACs is configured to output all of the grayscale voltages for all grayscales represented by the sub-pixel data, and the sensing block is configured to read-out all of the grayscale voltages. 7. The display driving circuit of claim 1,
wherein all grayscales represented by the sub-pixel data are classified into a plurality of grayscale groups, and in the first operation mode, each of the plurality of DACs is configured to output a representative grayscale voltage for each of the plurality of grayscale groups, and the sensing block is configured to read-out a plurality of representative grayscale voltages for the plurality of grayscale groups. 8. The display driving circuit of claim 7, wherein ranges of grayscale groups in a low grayscale region or high grayscale region from among the plurality of grayscale groups are relatively smaller than ranges of grayscale groups of an intermediate grayscale region. 9. The display driving circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a timing controller configured to receive the grayscale voltages and the pixel voltages from the data driver integrated circuit, extract offsets for grayscales for each of the plurality of DACs based on the grayscale voltages, and extract electrical properties of each of the plurality of sub-pixels based on the pixel voltages. 10. The display driving circuit of claim 9,
wherein the timing controller is configured to perform data compensation for a plurality of pieces of sub-pixel data to be provided to the plurality of sub-pixels based on the offsets according to grayscales of each of the plurality of DACs and the electrical properties of each of the plurality of sub-pixels. 11. A display driving circuit comprising:
a data driver which includes a driving block configured to generate a plurality of data voltages, internally extract, in a calibration mode, a plurality of data voltages output from the driving block, and read, in a sensing mode, a plurality of pixel voltages received from a plurality of sub-pixels of a display panel; and a timing controller configured to perform data compensation for image data provided to the data driver based on electrical properties of the plurality of sub-pixels and based on output properties according to channels of the driving block extracted based on the plurality of data voltages, and provide the compensated image data to the data driver. 12. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the data driver further comprises:
an analog-digital converter (ADC) configured to read-out the plurality of data voltages in the calibration mode and read-out the plurality of pixel voltages in the sensing mode; and a switching block configured to provide the plurality of data voltages to the ADC in the calibration mode and provide the plurality of pixel voltages to the ADC in the sensing mode. 13. The display driving circuit of claim 11,
wherein the driving block comprises a plurality of channel drivers configured to generate the plurality of data voltages based on a plurality of grayscale voltages, and each of the plurality of channel drivers, in the calibration mode, is configured to output voltages, as data voltages, corresponding to at least some grayscale voltages from among the plurality of grayscale voltages. 14. The display driving circuit of claim 13, wherein the output properties comprise offsets according to grayscale for each of the plurality of channel drivers. 15. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the timing controller is configured to extract the output properties according to the channels in the calibration mode and store the output properties according to the channels in a memory. 16. An operation method of a display driving circuit performing data compensation for received image data, the operation method comprising:
measuring, by a data driver, output properties according to channels of a driving block configured to generate data voltages to be provided to a display panel; measuring, by the data driver, electrical properties of a plurality of sub-pixels of the display panel; and driving the display panel, by the data driver, based on compensated image data based on the output properties and based on the electrical properties. 17. The operation method of claim 16, further comprising performing, by a timing controller, data compensation to provide the compensated image data based on the output properties and the electrical properties. 18. The operation method of claim 16, wherein the data driver comprises the driving block and an analog-digital converter (ADC),
in the measuring of the output properties, the ADC internally receives and reads out output voltages according to the channels of the driving block in the data driver, and in the measuring of the electrical properties, the ADC receives and reads pixel voltages of the plurality of sub-pixels through a plurality of pads connected to the display panel. 19. The operation method of claim 18, wherein the output voltages are measured according to grayscales for each of the channels. 20. The operation method of claim 16, wherein the electrical properties comprise at least one of a threshold voltage and mobility of each of the plurality of sub-pixels. 21-24. (canceled) | A display driving circuit is provided. The circuit drives a display panel that includes data lines, sensing lines, and sub-pixels connected to the data lines and the sensing lines. The display driving circuit includes a data driver integrated circuit that drives the data lines. The data driver integrated circuit includes a driving block and a sensing block. The driving block includes plural digital-analog converters (DACs) each performing digital-analog conversion with respect to received sub-pixel data to generate output voltages and provide the output voltages of the DACs to the data lines. The sensing block measures grayscale voltages output from the DACs in a first operation mode and measures pixel voltages of the sub-pixels received from the sensing lines in a second operation mode.1. A display driving circuit configured to drive a display panel, the display panel comprising a plurality of data lines, a plurality of sensing lines, and a plurality of sub-pixels connected to the plurality of data lines and the plurality of sensing lines, the display driving circuit comprising:
a data driver integrated circuit configured to drive the plurality of data lines, wherein the data driver integrated circuit comprises: a driving block comprising a plurality of digital-analog converters (DACs) each configured to perform digital-analog conversion with respect to received sub-pixel data to generate output voltages and provide the output voltages of the plurality of DACs to the plurality of data lines; and a sensing block configured to measure grayscale voltages output from the plurality of DACs in a first operation mode and measure pixel voltages of the plurality of sub-pixels received from the plurality of sensing lines in a second operation mode. 2. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein offsets of the grayscale voltages and electrical properties of the pixel voltages are used for data compensation for a plurality of pieces of sub-pixel data to be provided to the plurality of sub-pixels. 3. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein the data driver integrated circuit further comprises a switching block configured to provide the grayscale voltages of the plurality of DACs to the sensing block in the first operation mode. 4. The display driving circuit of claim 3, wherein the grayscale voltages are provided from the plurality of DACs to the sensing block through the switching block in the data driver integrated circuit. 5. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein the sensing block comprises at least one analog-digital converter (ADC) to convert received analog signals to digital signals. 6. The display driving circuit of claim 1, wherein:
in the first operation mode, each of the plurality of DACs is configured to output all of the grayscale voltages for all grayscales represented by the sub-pixel data, and the sensing block is configured to read-out all of the grayscale voltages. 7. The display driving circuit of claim 1,
wherein all grayscales represented by the sub-pixel data are classified into a plurality of grayscale groups, and in the first operation mode, each of the plurality of DACs is configured to output a representative grayscale voltage for each of the plurality of grayscale groups, and the sensing block is configured to read-out a plurality of representative grayscale voltages for the plurality of grayscale groups. 8. The display driving circuit of claim 7, wherein ranges of grayscale groups in a low grayscale region or high grayscale region from among the plurality of grayscale groups are relatively smaller than ranges of grayscale groups of an intermediate grayscale region. 9. The display driving circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a timing controller configured to receive the grayscale voltages and the pixel voltages from the data driver integrated circuit, extract offsets for grayscales for each of the plurality of DACs based on the grayscale voltages, and extract electrical properties of each of the plurality of sub-pixels based on the pixel voltages. 10. The display driving circuit of claim 9,
wherein the timing controller is configured to perform data compensation for a plurality of pieces of sub-pixel data to be provided to the plurality of sub-pixels based on the offsets according to grayscales of each of the plurality of DACs and the electrical properties of each of the plurality of sub-pixels. 11. A display driving circuit comprising:
a data driver which includes a driving block configured to generate a plurality of data voltages, internally extract, in a calibration mode, a plurality of data voltages output from the driving block, and read, in a sensing mode, a plurality of pixel voltages received from a plurality of sub-pixels of a display panel; and a timing controller configured to perform data compensation for image data provided to the data driver based on electrical properties of the plurality of sub-pixels and based on output properties according to channels of the driving block extracted based on the plurality of data voltages, and provide the compensated image data to the data driver. 12. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the data driver further comprises:
an analog-digital converter (ADC) configured to read-out the plurality of data voltages in the calibration mode and read-out the plurality of pixel voltages in the sensing mode; and a switching block configured to provide the plurality of data voltages to the ADC in the calibration mode and provide the plurality of pixel voltages to the ADC in the sensing mode. 13. The display driving circuit of claim 11,
wherein the driving block comprises a plurality of channel drivers configured to generate the plurality of data voltages based on a plurality of grayscale voltages, and each of the plurality of channel drivers, in the calibration mode, is configured to output voltages, as data voltages, corresponding to at least some grayscale voltages from among the plurality of grayscale voltages. 14. The display driving circuit of claim 13, wherein the output properties comprise offsets according to grayscale for each of the plurality of channel drivers. 15. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the timing controller is configured to extract the output properties according to the channels in the calibration mode and store the output properties according to the channels in a memory. 16. An operation method of a display driving circuit performing data compensation for received image data, the operation method comprising:
measuring, by a data driver, output properties according to channels of a driving block configured to generate data voltages to be provided to a display panel; measuring, by the data driver, electrical properties of a plurality of sub-pixels of the display panel; and driving the display panel, by the data driver, based on compensated image data based on the output properties and based on the electrical properties. 17. The operation method of claim 16, further comprising performing, by a timing controller, data compensation to provide the compensated image data based on the output properties and the electrical properties. 18. The operation method of claim 16, wherein the data driver comprises the driving block and an analog-digital converter (ADC),
in the measuring of the output properties, the ADC internally receives and reads out output voltages according to the channels of the driving block in the data driver, and in the measuring of the electrical properties, the ADC receives and reads pixel voltages of the plurality of sub-pixels through a plurality of pads connected to the display panel. 19. The operation method of claim 18, wherein the output voltages are measured according to grayscales for each of the channels. 20. The operation method of claim 16, wherein the electrical properties comprise at least one of a threshold voltage and mobility of each of the plurality of sub-pixels. 21-24. (canceled) | 3,700 |
343,633 | 16,803,054 | 3,746 | In one embodiment, the method includes receiving, at a storage device, a request. The request includes a request message authentication code and write protect information. The write protect information includes at least one of start address information and length information. The start address information indicates a logical block address at which a memory area in a non-volatile memory of the storage device starts, and the length information indicates a length of the memory area. The method also includes generating, at the storage device, a message authentication code based on (1) at least one of the start address information and the length information, and (2) a key stored at the storage device; authenticating, at the storage device, the request based on the generated message authentication code and the request message authentication code; and processing, at the storage device, the request based on a result of the authenticating. | 1. A storage device, comprising
a first memory, the first memory being a non-volatile memory; a second memory configured to store a write protection information in a write-protect descriptor; and a controller configured to: receive a WP Descriptor Read Request from an external device; transmit a WP Descriptor Read Response to the external device in response to the WP Descriptor Read Request; receive a WP Descriptor Update Request from the external device, the WP Descriptor Update Request including a first message authentication code; execute the WP Descriptor Update Request by: parsing a data frame of the WP Descriptor Update Request; generating a second message authentication code based on a key; the key is shared by both the storage device and the external device comparing the second message authentication code with the first message authentication code; and if the first message authentication code matches with the second message authentication code, updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, wherein the write protection information stored in the write-protect descriptor includes a memory partition identifier identifying a partition of a first memory included in the storage device, start address information indicating a logical block address for a memory area in the identified memory partition, length information indicating a length of the memory area in the identified memory partition, writable information in association with the start address information and the length information, the writable information indicating whether to apply write protection to the memory area, and a selection value selected from among first to third write-protection values of a field indicating a kind of write-protection to apply to the memory area in response to a power-off, a hardware reset, a power-on, or a request, the field includes the first to third write-protection values, the first write-protection value indicates that the writable information is changed to a first value after a powering on of the storage device, the first value indicating that the memory area is writable, the second write-protection value indicates that the writable information is changed to a second value after a powering off or a hardware reset of the storage device, the second value indicating that the memory area is protected against writing, and
the third write-protection value indicates that the writable information is changed by the request. 2. The storage device of claim 1, further configured to receive an WP (write protect) Descriptor Update Counter Read Request from the external device, and to send an WP Descriptor Update Counter Read Response to the external device in response to the WP Descriptor Update Counter Read Request before receiving the WP Descriptor Update Request. 3. The storage device of claim 2, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Counter Read Response includes information relating with a number of updating the write protection information stored in the write-protect descriptor. 4. The storage device of claim 1, further configured to receive a Result Read Request from the external device, and transmitting a Result Read Response to the external device in response to the Result Read Request. 5. The storage device of claim 4, wherein the Result Read Response includes an information indicating that the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor is successfully updated. 6. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the key is stored during manufacturing of the storage device. 7. The storage device of claim 1, wherein, if the first message authentication code does not match with the second message authentication code while executing the WP Descriptor Update Request, updating the write protection information fails. 8. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information and a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required. 9. The storage device of claim 8, wherein the generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information and the key. 10. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information, a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required, and a second partition identifier in which the partition identifier identifies a partition in the first memory, and
wherein generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier and the key. 11. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information, a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required, a second partition identifier in which the partition identifier identifies a partition in the first memory, and a second writable information indicating whether to apply write protection to corresponding memory area, and
wherein generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier, the second writable information and the key. 12. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information, a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required, a second partition identifier in which the partition identifier identifies a partition in the first memory, and a second writable information indicating whether to apply write protection to corresponding memory area, and a second field indicating a kind of write-protection to apply to the memory area, and
wherein generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier, the second writable information, the second field and the key. 13. The storage device of claim 1, wherein each of the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code is hash-based message authentication code respectively. 14. The storage device of claim 1, wherein each of the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code is generated using SHA256 respectively. 15. The storage device of claim 1, wherein updating the write protection information stored in the write-protect descriptor is to replace at least one of the start address information, the length information, the partition identifier, the writable information, and the field with at least one of the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier, the second writable information, and the second field of the data parameters included in the WP Descriptor Update Request. 16. The storage device of claim 1, wherein when the length information is set to ‘0’, a whole partition identified by the partition identifier is protected from writing. | In one embodiment, the method includes receiving, at a storage device, a request. The request includes a request message authentication code and write protect information. The write protect information includes at least one of start address information and length information. The start address information indicates a logical block address at which a memory area in a non-volatile memory of the storage device starts, and the length information indicates a length of the memory area. The method also includes generating, at the storage device, a message authentication code based on (1) at least one of the start address information and the length information, and (2) a key stored at the storage device; authenticating, at the storage device, the request based on the generated message authentication code and the request message authentication code; and processing, at the storage device, the request based on a result of the authenticating.1. A storage device, comprising
a first memory, the first memory being a non-volatile memory; a second memory configured to store a write protection information in a write-protect descriptor; and a controller configured to: receive a WP Descriptor Read Request from an external device; transmit a WP Descriptor Read Response to the external device in response to the WP Descriptor Read Request; receive a WP Descriptor Update Request from the external device, the WP Descriptor Update Request including a first message authentication code; execute the WP Descriptor Update Request by: parsing a data frame of the WP Descriptor Update Request; generating a second message authentication code based on a key; the key is shared by both the storage device and the external device comparing the second message authentication code with the first message authentication code; and if the first message authentication code matches with the second message authentication code, updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, wherein the write protection information stored in the write-protect descriptor includes a memory partition identifier identifying a partition of a first memory included in the storage device, start address information indicating a logical block address for a memory area in the identified memory partition, length information indicating a length of the memory area in the identified memory partition, writable information in association with the start address information and the length information, the writable information indicating whether to apply write protection to the memory area, and a selection value selected from among first to third write-protection values of a field indicating a kind of write-protection to apply to the memory area in response to a power-off, a hardware reset, a power-on, or a request, the field includes the first to third write-protection values, the first write-protection value indicates that the writable information is changed to a first value after a powering on of the storage device, the first value indicating that the memory area is writable, the second write-protection value indicates that the writable information is changed to a second value after a powering off or a hardware reset of the storage device, the second value indicating that the memory area is protected against writing, and
the third write-protection value indicates that the writable information is changed by the request. 2. The storage device of claim 1, further configured to receive an WP (write protect) Descriptor Update Counter Read Request from the external device, and to send an WP Descriptor Update Counter Read Response to the external device in response to the WP Descriptor Update Counter Read Request before receiving the WP Descriptor Update Request. 3. The storage device of claim 2, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Counter Read Response includes information relating with a number of updating the write protection information stored in the write-protect descriptor. 4. The storage device of claim 1, further configured to receive a Result Read Request from the external device, and transmitting a Result Read Response to the external device in response to the Result Read Request. 5. The storage device of claim 4, wherein the Result Read Response includes an information indicating that the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor is successfully updated. 6. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the key is stored during manufacturing of the storage device. 7. The storage device of claim 1, wherein, if the first message authentication code does not match with the second message authentication code while executing the WP Descriptor Update Request, updating the write protection information fails. 8. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information and a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required. 9. The storage device of claim 8, wherein the generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information and the key. 10. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information, a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required, and a second partition identifier in which the partition identifier identifies a partition in the first memory, and
wherein generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier and the key. 11. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information, a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required, a second partition identifier in which the partition identifier identifies a partition in the first memory, and a second writable information indicating whether to apply write protection to corresponding memory area, and
wherein generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier, the second writable information and the key. 12. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the WP Descriptor Update Request further includes data parameters required for updating the write protection information of the write-protect descriptor, the data parameters includes at least a second start address information, a second length information corresponding to a memory area of which write protection is required, a second partition identifier in which the partition identifier identifies a partition in the first memory, and a second writable information indicating whether to apply write protection to corresponding memory area, and a second field indicating a kind of write-protection to apply to the memory area, and
wherein generating the second message authentication code is based on the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier, the second writable information, the second field and the key. 13. The storage device of claim 1, wherein each of the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code is hash-based message authentication code respectively. 14. The storage device of claim 1, wherein each of the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code is generated using SHA256 respectively. 15. The storage device of claim 1, wherein updating the write protection information stored in the write-protect descriptor is to replace at least one of the start address information, the length information, the partition identifier, the writable information, and the field with at least one of the second start address information, the second length information, the second partition identifier, the second writable information, and the second field of the data parameters included in the WP Descriptor Update Request. 16. The storage device of claim 1, wherein when the length information is set to ‘0’, a whole partition identified by the partition identifier is protected from writing. | 3,700 |
343,634 | 16,803,044 | 3,746 | Techniques for identifying computer program security access control violations using static program analysis are provided. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises generating, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, a mathematical model of a computer program product, wherein the mathematical model defines data flows through nodes of the computer program product that reach a secure node corresponding to a secure resource. The computer implemented method further comprises evaluating, by the device, a security protocol of the computer program product using static program analysis of the mathematical model to determine whether any of the data flows provides access to the secure node without proceeding through one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the one or more security nodes are included in the nodes of the computer program product. | 1. A system, comprising:
a memory that stores computer executable components; a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer executable components comprise:
a security evaluation component that evaluates a security protocol of a computer program product to determine whether data flows provide a path to a protected node that does not proceed through security nodes in an order corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the security nodes comprise an authorization node that checks an authorization of an entity to access the protected data object and an authentication node that checks an authentication of the entity. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer program product provides runtime environment protocol information employed by an operating system to execute one or more additional computer program products. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the security protocol comprises an authorization procedure that ensures an entity initiating any of the data flows is authorized to receive the access to the protected data object. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the security protocol comprises an authentication procedure that verifies an identity of an entity initiating any of the data flows. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a report component that generates output information regarding whether any of the data flows provides the access to the protected node. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a notification component configured to generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information indicating the computer program product has a security access control issue associated with the protected data object. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a notification component configured to generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information identifying an amount of the data flows that provides the access to the protected node without proceeding through the one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
evaluating, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, a security protocol of a computer program product to determine whether data flows provide a path to a protected node that does not proceed through security nodes in an order corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the security nodes comprise an authorization node that checks an authorization of an entity to access the protected data object and an authentication node that checks an authentication of the entity. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the computer program product provides runtime environment protocol information employed by an operating system to execute one or more additional computer program products. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the security protocol comprises an authorization procedure that ensures an entity initiating any of the data flows is authorized to receive the access to the protected data object. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the security protocol comprises an authentication procedure that verifies an identity of an entity initiating any of the data flows. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the device, output information regarding whether any of the data flows provides the access to the protected node. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the device, a notification, wherein the notification comprises information indicating the computer program product has a security access control issue associated with the protected data object. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the device, a notification, wherein the notification comprises information identifying an amount of the data flows that provides the access to the protected node without proceeding through the one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol. 15. A computer program product that facilitates identification of security access control violations associated with a second computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
evaluates a security protocol of a computer program product to determine whether data flows provide a path to a protected node that does not proceed through security nodes in an order corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the security nodes comprise an authorization node that checks an authorization of an entity to access the protected data object and an authentication node that checks an authentication of the entity. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the security protocol comprises an authorization procedure that ensures an entity initiating any of the data flows is authorized to receive the access to the protected data object. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the security protocol comprises an authentication procedure that verifies an identity of an entity initiating any of the data flows. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information indicating the computer program product has a security access control issue associated with the protected data object. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information identifying an amount of the data flows that provides the access to the protected node without proceeding through the one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
generate output information regarding whether any of the data flows provides the access to the protected node. | Techniques for identifying computer program security access control violations using static program analysis are provided. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises generating, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, a mathematical model of a computer program product, wherein the mathematical model defines data flows through nodes of the computer program product that reach a secure node corresponding to a secure resource. The computer implemented method further comprises evaluating, by the device, a security protocol of the computer program product using static program analysis of the mathematical model to determine whether any of the data flows provides access to the secure node without proceeding through one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the one or more security nodes are included in the nodes of the computer program product.1. A system, comprising:
a memory that stores computer executable components; a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer executable components comprise:
a security evaluation component that evaluates a security protocol of a computer program product to determine whether data flows provide a path to a protected node that does not proceed through security nodes in an order corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the security nodes comprise an authorization node that checks an authorization of an entity to access the protected data object and an authentication node that checks an authentication of the entity. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer program product provides runtime environment protocol information employed by an operating system to execute one or more additional computer program products. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the security protocol comprises an authorization procedure that ensures an entity initiating any of the data flows is authorized to receive the access to the protected data object. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the security protocol comprises an authentication procedure that verifies an identity of an entity initiating any of the data flows. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a report component that generates output information regarding whether any of the data flows provides the access to the protected node. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a notification component configured to generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information indicating the computer program product has a security access control issue associated with the protected data object. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a notification component configured to generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information identifying an amount of the data flows that provides the access to the protected node without proceeding through the one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
evaluating, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, a security protocol of a computer program product to determine whether data flows provide a path to a protected node that does not proceed through security nodes in an order corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the security nodes comprise an authorization node that checks an authorization of an entity to access the protected data object and an authentication node that checks an authentication of the entity. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the computer program product provides runtime environment protocol information employed by an operating system to execute one or more additional computer program products. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the security protocol comprises an authorization procedure that ensures an entity initiating any of the data flows is authorized to receive the access to the protected data object. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the security protocol comprises an authentication procedure that verifies an identity of an entity initiating any of the data flows. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the device, output information regarding whether any of the data flows provides the access to the protected node. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the device, a notification, wherein the notification comprises information indicating the computer program product has a security access control issue associated with the protected data object. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the device, a notification, wherein the notification comprises information identifying an amount of the data flows that provides the access to the protected node without proceeding through the one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol. 15. A computer program product that facilitates identification of security access control violations associated with a second computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
evaluates a security protocol of a computer program product to determine whether data flows provide a path to a protected node that does not proceed through security nodes in an order corresponding to the security protocol, wherein the security nodes comprise an authorization node that checks an authorization of an entity to access the protected data object and an authentication node that checks an authentication of the entity. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the security protocol comprises an authorization procedure that ensures an entity initiating any of the data flows is authorized to receive the access to the protected data object. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the security protocol comprises an authentication procedure that verifies an identity of an entity initiating any of the data flows. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information indicating the computer program product has a security access control issue associated with the protected data object. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
generate a notification, wherein the notification comprises information identifying an amount of the data flows that provides the access to the protected node without proceeding through the one or more security nodes corresponding to the security protocol. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
generate output information regarding whether any of the data flows provides the access to the protected node. | 3,700 |
343,635 | 16,803,063 | 3,746 | An observation device includes an objective lens disposed below a container to collect light from a specimen; a surface light source that is disposed at a pupil position of the objective lens in the optical path of the illumination light, that causes illumination light to enter the container from below, and that can change a light emission pattern in a direction intersecting an emission optical axis, an imaging optical system that captures light from the specimen generated by the specimen being irradiated with the illumination light from the surface light source and focused by the objective lens below the container; and a controller that corrects a light emission pattern on a basis of the light emission pattern and at least one of a brightness, contrast, and the relationship between the number of pixels and the luminance of an acquired image with the light emission pattern. | 1. An observation device comprising: an objective lens that is disposed below a specimen container that contains a specimen and that collects light from the specimen through a bottom portion of the specimen container;
a surface light source that is arranged at a pupil position of the objective lens in an optical path of illumination light to be incident on the objective lens or at a vicinity of a position conjugate with the pupil position, that makes illumination light transmitted through the bottom portion from below incident on the specimen container, and that can changes a light emission pattern related to a light emission position and a light emission range of the illumination light in a direction intersecting an emission optical axis; an imaging optical system that captures light from the specimen, generated by the specimen being irradiated with the illumination light from the surface light source and focused by the objective lens below the specimen container; a controller that corrects the light emission pattern of the surface light source on a basis of the light emission pattern of the surface light source and at least one of a brightness, contrast and a relationship between a number of pixels and a luminance of an image acquired by the imaging optical system with the light emission pattern. 2. The observation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a phase modulation element disposed at a pupil position of the objective lens in an optical path of the imaging optical system,
wherein the controller corrects the light emission pattern of the surface light source such that the light from the specimen collected by the objective lens is incident on the phase modulation element. 3. The observation device according to claim 2, wherein the phase modulation element comprises a phase film that phase-modulates the light from the specimen. 4. The observation device according to claim 2, wherein the phase modulation element comprises a dimming member that dims the light from the specimen so as to suppress passage of the illumination light applied to the specimen. 5. The observation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a reflecting member that is disposed above the specimen and that reflects the illumination light from the surface light source toward the specimen,
wherein the imaging optical system captures, below the specimen, the illumination light that has been reflected by the reflecting member and then transmitted through the specimen. 6. The observation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a light separating portion that separates the illumination light and the light coming from the specimen,
wherein, the specimen is irradiated with the illumination light from the surface light source through the objective lens, and coaxial epi-illumination in which the light from the specimen, which has been collected by the objective lens and separated from the illumination light by the light separating portion, is captured by the imaging optical system is configured. 7. The observation device according to claim 6, wherein the light separating portion comprises a half mirror. 8. The observation device according to claim 6, wherein the light separating portion comprises a polarizing beam splitter. 9. The observation device according to claim 6, wherein the light separating portion comprises a dichroic mirror. 10. The observation device according to claim 6, further comprising: a light beam deflecting portion that is disposed between the surface light source and the objective lens, that deflects a light beam of the illumination light emitted from the surface light source in a direction away from an optical axis of the objective lens and that causes the light beam to enter the objective lens. | An observation device includes an objective lens disposed below a container to collect light from a specimen; a surface light source that is disposed at a pupil position of the objective lens in the optical path of the illumination light, that causes illumination light to enter the container from below, and that can change a light emission pattern in a direction intersecting an emission optical axis, an imaging optical system that captures light from the specimen generated by the specimen being irradiated with the illumination light from the surface light source and focused by the objective lens below the container; and a controller that corrects a light emission pattern on a basis of the light emission pattern and at least one of a brightness, contrast, and the relationship between the number of pixels and the luminance of an acquired image with the light emission pattern.1. An observation device comprising: an objective lens that is disposed below a specimen container that contains a specimen and that collects light from the specimen through a bottom portion of the specimen container;
a surface light source that is arranged at a pupil position of the objective lens in an optical path of illumination light to be incident on the objective lens or at a vicinity of a position conjugate with the pupil position, that makes illumination light transmitted through the bottom portion from below incident on the specimen container, and that can changes a light emission pattern related to a light emission position and a light emission range of the illumination light in a direction intersecting an emission optical axis; an imaging optical system that captures light from the specimen, generated by the specimen being irradiated with the illumination light from the surface light source and focused by the objective lens below the specimen container; a controller that corrects the light emission pattern of the surface light source on a basis of the light emission pattern of the surface light source and at least one of a brightness, contrast and a relationship between a number of pixels and a luminance of an image acquired by the imaging optical system with the light emission pattern. 2. The observation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a phase modulation element disposed at a pupil position of the objective lens in an optical path of the imaging optical system,
wherein the controller corrects the light emission pattern of the surface light source such that the light from the specimen collected by the objective lens is incident on the phase modulation element. 3. The observation device according to claim 2, wherein the phase modulation element comprises a phase film that phase-modulates the light from the specimen. 4. The observation device according to claim 2, wherein the phase modulation element comprises a dimming member that dims the light from the specimen so as to suppress passage of the illumination light applied to the specimen. 5. The observation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a reflecting member that is disposed above the specimen and that reflects the illumination light from the surface light source toward the specimen,
wherein the imaging optical system captures, below the specimen, the illumination light that has been reflected by the reflecting member and then transmitted through the specimen. 6. The observation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a light separating portion that separates the illumination light and the light coming from the specimen,
wherein, the specimen is irradiated with the illumination light from the surface light source through the objective lens, and coaxial epi-illumination in which the light from the specimen, which has been collected by the objective lens and separated from the illumination light by the light separating portion, is captured by the imaging optical system is configured. 7. The observation device according to claim 6, wherein the light separating portion comprises a half mirror. 8. The observation device according to claim 6, wherein the light separating portion comprises a polarizing beam splitter. 9. The observation device according to claim 6, wherein the light separating portion comprises a dichroic mirror. 10. The observation device according to claim 6, further comprising: a light beam deflecting portion that is disposed between the surface light source and the objective lens, that deflects a light beam of the illumination light emitted from the surface light source in a direction away from an optical axis of the objective lens and that causes the light beam to enter the objective lens. | 3,700 |
343,636 | 16,803,067 | 3,746 | Kickover tools and methods of operating the same. The kickover tools are configured to engage a downhole component within a completion structure of a hydrocarbon well. The kickover tools include a tool body and a kickover arm that extends between a first arm end and a second arm end. The kickover tools also include an end effector that is operatively attached to the second arm end and configured to interface with the downhole component. The kickover tools further include an actuation mechanism that mechanically couples the first arm end to the tool body and is configured to selectively transition the kickover arm between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. The kickover tools also include a data transmission interface and an attachment point. The kickover tools further include an imaging device configured to collect an image indicative of an environment proximal the kickover tool. | 1. A kickover tool configured to engage a downhole component within a completion structure of a hydrocarbon well, the kickover tool comprising:
a tool body; a kickover arm that extends between a first arm end and a second arm end; an end effector configured to interface with the downhole component, wherein the end effector is operatively attached to the second arm end; an actuation mechanism that mechanically couples the first arm end of the kickover arm to the tool body and is configured to selectively transition the kickover arm between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration; a data transmission interface; an attachment point configured to operatively interconnect the kickover tool with an umbilical; and an imaging device configured to collect a collected image indicative of an environment proximal the kickover tool, to generate an image signal indicative of the collected image, and to provide the image signal to the data transmission interface. 2. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the image signal includes information indicative of a spatial relationship between at least one of:
(i) the kickover tool and the completion structure; (ii) the end effector and the completion structure; and (iii) the end effector and the downhole component. 3. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the image signal includes information indicative of at least one of:
(i) a visual representation of the kickover tool; (ii) a visual representation of the tool body; (iii) a visual representation of the kickover arm; (iv) a visual representation of the completion structure; and (v) a visual representation of the downhole component. 4. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the imaging device includes at least one of:
(i) an optical imaging device configured to collect visible light; (ii) an electromagnetic imaging device configured to collect electromagnetic radiation; (iii) an infrared imaging device configured to collect infrared radiation; and (iv) an acoustic imaging device configured to detect acoustic vibrations. 5. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the imaging device includes an active imaging device configured to provide a probe signal to the environment proximal the kickover tool such that the probe signal reflects from at least one structure within the environment proximal to the kickover tool to generate a reflected signal, wherein the imaging device further is configured to receive the reflected signal and to generate the image signal based, at least in part, on the reflected signal. 6. The kickover tool of claim 5, wherein the probe signal includes at least one of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic vibration. 7. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the imaging device includes a passive imaging device configured to generate the image signal responsive to receipt of at least one of:
(i) ambient vibrations within the environment proximal the kickover tool; and (ii) ambient electromagnetic radiation within the environment proximal the kickover tool. 8. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a tension sensor configured to generate a tension signal indicative of a tensile force between the attachment point and the umbilical and to provide the tension signal to the data transmission interface. 9. The kickover tool of claim 8, wherein the tension sensor includes a strain sensor configured to detect mechanical strain within at least a portion of at least one of the kickover tool, the attachment point, and the umbilical. 10. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a pressure sensor configured to generate a pressure signal indicative of a pressure acting upon the pressure sensor and to provide the pressure signal to the data transmission interface. 11. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a depth sensor configured to generate a depth signal indicative of a depth of the kickover tool within the hydrocarbon well and to provide the depth signal to the data transmission interface. 12. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes an orientation-determining structure configured to generate an orientation signal and to provide the orientation signal to the data transmission interface, wherein the orientation signal is indicative of at least one of:
(i) a relative orientation between the tool body and the kickover arm; (ii) a relative orientation between the end effector and the kickover arm; (iii) a relative orientation between the end effector and the tool body; (iv) a relative orientation between the kickover arm and the downhole component; (v) a relative orientation between the end effector and the downhole component; (vi) a body-arm angle defined between a body longitudinal axis of the tool body and an arm longitudinal axis of the kickover arm; and (vii) an arm-end effector angle defined between the arm longitudinal axis and an end effector longitudinal axis of the end effector. 13. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature signal indicative of a temperature in the environment proximal the kickover tool and to provide the temperature signal to the data transmission interface. 14. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes an acceleration sensor configured to generate an acceleration signal indicative of an acceleration of the kickover tool and to provide the acceleration signal to the data transmission interface. 15. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a velocity sensor configured to generate a velocity signal indicative of a velocity of the kickover tool and to provide the velocity signal to the data transmission interface. 16. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a communication structure configured to facilitate communication with the downhole component when the kickover tool is proximal the downhole component within the hydrocarbon well. 17. The kickover tool of claim 16, wherein the communication structure includes an inductive communication structure. 18. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes an analysis structure programmed to receive the image signal from the imaging device, to modify the image signal to generate a modified image signal, and to provide the modified image signal to the data transmission interface. 19. A hydrocarbon well, comprising:
a wellbore extending between a surface region and a subsurface region; the kickover tool of claim 1 positioned within the wellbore; the umbilical operatively attached to the attachment point and extending from the kickover tool to the surface region; a downhole tubular extending within the wellbore; the completion structure operatively attached to the downhole tubular; and the downhole component positioned within the completion structure. 20. A method of operating a kickover tool, the method comprising:
positioning the kickover tool within a completion structure of a hydrocarbon well; collecting, with the kickover tool, a collected image indicative of an environment within the hydrocarbon well and proximal the kickover tool; displaying, for an operator of the kickover tool, a displayed image that is based upon the collected image and is indicative of the environment within the hydrocarbon well and proximal the kickover tool; and at least one of: (i) interfacing the kickover tool with a downhole component of the completion structure while the kickover tool is positioned within the completion structure, wherein the interfacing is based, at least in part, on the displaying; and (ii) installing the downhole component within the completion structure, wherein the installing is based, at least in part, on the displaying. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the positioning includes conveying the kickover tool along a length of a wellbore of the hydrocarbon well, and further wherein the method further includes detecting, with the kickover tool and during the conveying, at least one of:
(i) a pressure within the wellbore; (ii) a temperature within the wellbore; (iii) a velocity of the kickover tool; (iv) an acceleration of the kickover tool; and (v) a depth of the kickover tool. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further includes detecting an orientation of the kickover tool with an orientation-determining structure of the kickover tool, and further wherein the interfacing is based, at least in part, on the detected orientation. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further includes detecting, with the kickover tool, a tension within a region of the kickover tool. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the method further includes displaying, for the operator of the kickover tool, the tension within the region of the kickover tool. | Kickover tools and methods of operating the same. The kickover tools are configured to engage a downhole component within a completion structure of a hydrocarbon well. The kickover tools include a tool body and a kickover arm that extends between a first arm end and a second arm end. The kickover tools also include an end effector that is operatively attached to the second arm end and configured to interface with the downhole component. The kickover tools further include an actuation mechanism that mechanically couples the first arm end to the tool body and is configured to selectively transition the kickover arm between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. The kickover tools also include a data transmission interface and an attachment point. The kickover tools further include an imaging device configured to collect an image indicative of an environment proximal the kickover tool.1. A kickover tool configured to engage a downhole component within a completion structure of a hydrocarbon well, the kickover tool comprising:
a tool body; a kickover arm that extends between a first arm end and a second arm end; an end effector configured to interface with the downhole component, wherein the end effector is operatively attached to the second arm end; an actuation mechanism that mechanically couples the first arm end of the kickover arm to the tool body and is configured to selectively transition the kickover arm between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration; a data transmission interface; an attachment point configured to operatively interconnect the kickover tool with an umbilical; and an imaging device configured to collect a collected image indicative of an environment proximal the kickover tool, to generate an image signal indicative of the collected image, and to provide the image signal to the data transmission interface. 2. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the image signal includes information indicative of a spatial relationship between at least one of:
(i) the kickover tool and the completion structure; (ii) the end effector and the completion structure; and (iii) the end effector and the downhole component. 3. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the image signal includes information indicative of at least one of:
(i) a visual representation of the kickover tool; (ii) a visual representation of the tool body; (iii) a visual representation of the kickover arm; (iv) a visual representation of the completion structure; and (v) a visual representation of the downhole component. 4. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the imaging device includes at least one of:
(i) an optical imaging device configured to collect visible light; (ii) an electromagnetic imaging device configured to collect electromagnetic radiation; (iii) an infrared imaging device configured to collect infrared radiation; and (iv) an acoustic imaging device configured to detect acoustic vibrations. 5. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the imaging device includes an active imaging device configured to provide a probe signal to the environment proximal the kickover tool such that the probe signal reflects from at least one structure within the environment proximal to the kickover tool to generate a reflected signal, wherein the imaging device further is configured to receive the reflected signal and to generate the image signal based, at least in part, on the reflected signal. 6. The kickover tool of claim 5, wherein the probe signal includes at least one of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic vibration. 7. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the imaging device includes a passive imaging device configured to generate the image signal responsive to receipt of at least one of:
(i) ambient vibrations within the environment proximal the kickover tool; and (ii) ambient electromagnetic radiation within the environment proximal the kickover tool. 8. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a tension sensor configured to generate a tension signal indicative of a tensile force between the attachment point and the umbilical and to provide the tension signal to the data transmission interface. 9. The kickover tool of claim 8, wherein the tension sensor includes a strain sensor configured to detect mechanical strain within at least a portion of at least one of the kickover tool, the attachment point, and the umbilical. 10. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a pressure sensor configured to generate a pressure signal indicative of a pressure acting upon the pressure sensor and to provide the pressure signal to the data transmission interface. 11. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a depth sensor configured to generate a depth signal indicative of a depth of the kickover tool within the hydrocarbon well and to provide the depth signal to the data transmission interface. 12. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes an orientation-determining structure configured to generate an orientation signal and to provide the orientation signal to the data transmission interface, wherein the orientation signal is indicative of at least one of:
(i) a relative orientation between the tool body and the kickover arm; (ii) a relative orientation between the end effector and the kickover arm; (iii) a relative orientation between the end effector and the tool body; (iv) a relative orientation between the kickover arm and the downhole component; (v) a relative orientation between the end effector and the downhole component; (vi) a body-arm angle defined between a body longitudinal axis of the tool body and an arm longitudinal axis of the kickover arm; and (vii) an arm-end effector angle defined between the arm longitudinal axis and an end effector longitudinal axis of the end effector. 13. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature signal indicative of a temperature in the environment proximal the kickover tool and to provide the temperature signal to the data transmission interface. 14. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes an acceleration sensor configured to generate an acceleration signal indicative of an acceleration of the kickover tool and to provide the acceleration signal to the data transmission interface. 15. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a velocity sensor configured to generate a velocity signal indicative of a velocity of the kickover tool and to provide the velocity signal to the data transmission interface. 16. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes a communication structure configured to facilitate communication with the downhole component when the kickover tool is proximal the downhole component within the hydrocarbon well. 17. The kickover tool of claim 16, wherein the communication structure includes an inductive communication structure. 18. The kickover tool of claim 1, wherein the kickover tool further includes an analysis structure programmed to receive the image signal from the imaging device, to modify the image signal to generate a modified image signal, and to provide the modified image signal to the data transmission interface. 19. A hydrocarbon well, comprising:
a wellbore extending between a surface region and a subsurface region; the kickover tool of claim 1 positioned within the wellbore; the umbilical operatively attached to the attachment point and extending from the kickover tool to the surface region; a downhole tubular extending within the wellbore; the completion structure operatively attached to the downhole tubular; and the downhole component positioned within the completion structure. 20. A method of operating a kickover tool, the method comprising:
positioning the kickover tool within a completion structure of a hydrocarbon well; collecting, with the kickover tool, a collected image indicative of an environment within the hydrocarbon well and proximal the kickover tool; displaying, for an operator of the kickover tool, a displayed image that is based upon the collected image and is indicative of the environment within the hydrocarbon well and proximal the kickover tool; and at least one of: (i) interfacing the kickover tool with a downhole component of the completion structure while the kickover tool is positioned within the completion structure, wherein the interfacing is based, at least in part, on the displaying; and (ii) installing the downhole component within the completion structure, wherein the installing is based, at least in part, on the displaying. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the positioning includes conveying the kickover tool along a length of a wellbore of the hydrocarbon well, and further wherein the method further includes detecting, with the kickover tool and during the conveying, at least one of:
(i) a pressure within the wellbore; (ii) a temperature within the wellbore; (iii) a velocity of the kickover tool; (iv) an acceleration of the kickover tool; and (v) a depth of the kickover tool. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further includes detecting an orientation of the kickover tool with an orientation-determining structure of the kickover tool, and further wherein the interfacing is based, at least in part, on the detected orientation. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further includes detecting, with the kickover tool, a tension within a region of the kickover tool. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the method further includes displaying, for the operator of the kickover tool, the tension within the region of the kickover tool. | 3,700 |
343,637 | 16,803,056 | 3,746 | According to one aspect of the present invention, an optical system adjustment method of an image acquisition apparatus includes: extracting one primary electron beam after another from primary electron beams at a plurality of preset positions among multiple primary electron beams; and adjusting, a first detector being capable of individually detecting multiple secondary electrons emitted due to irradiation of a target with the multiple primary electron beams, a trajectory of the one primary electron beam using a primary electron optics while detecting secondary electrons corresponding to the one primary electron beam for each of the primary electron beams extracted one by one using a movable second detector having an inspection surface of a size capable of detecting the multiple secondary electrons as a whole and arranged on an optical path for guiding the multiple secondary electrons to the first detector. | 1-6. (canceled) 7: An optical system adjustment method of an image acquisition apparatus comprising:
deflecting one primary electron beam one after another from multiple primary electron beams such that remaining primary electron beams excluding a desired primary electron beam of the multiple primary electron beams become beam OFF using a blanking aperture array mechanism including a substrate including a plurality of passing holes formed by fitting to positions where the multiple primary electron beams pass and a plurality of electrode pairs each arranged in a set of positions facing each other across a corresponding passing hole of the plurality of passing holes; adjusting a trajectory of the desired primary electron beam by a primary electron optics and detecting secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another using a second detector having an inspection surface of a size configured to detect multiple secondary electrons as a whole by performing trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by a deflector arranged on an optical path for guiding the multiple secondary electrons to a first detector configured to individually detect multiple secondary electron beams emitted due to irradiation of a target with the multiple primary electron beams; and after adjustments of the trajectory of each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another being completed, adjusting the trajectory of the secondary electrons by a secondary electron optics such that the secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam are detected in a corresponding region of the first detector for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another while the trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by the deflector to the second detector is stopped. 8: The method according to claim 7, wherein, a region division type detector is used as the second detector. 9. (canceled) 10: An optical system adjustment method of an image acquisition apparatus comprising:
making one primary electron beam pass through one after another from multiple primary electron beams such that remaining primary electron beams excluding a desired primary electron beam of the multiple primary electron beams become beam OFF using a movable shutter including an opening that allows the desired primary electron beam of the multiple primary electron beams to pass through while shielding remaining primary electron beams; adjusting a trajectory of the desired primary electron beam by a primary electron optics and detecting secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another using a second detector having an inspection surface of a size configured to detect multiple secondary electrons as a whole by performing trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by a deflector arranged on an optical path for guiding the multiple secondary electrons to a first detector configured to individually detect multiple secondary electron beams emitted due to irradiation of a target with the multiple primary electron beams; and after adjustments of the trajectory of each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another being completed, adjusting the trajectory of the secondary electrons by a secondary electron optics such that the secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam are detected in a corresponding region of the first detector for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another while the trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by the deflector to the second detector is stopped. 11: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
making coarse adjustments of an irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam before the trajectory of the desired primary electron beam is adjusted. 12: The method according to claim 11, wherein the coarse adjustments of the irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam are made using a transmission mark which a through hole whose diameter is smaller than an inter-beam pitch of the multiple primary electron beams is formed therein. 13: The method according to claim 10, wherein, a region division type detector is used as the second detector. 14: The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
making coarse adjustments of an irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam before the trajectory of the desired primary electron beam is adjusted. 15: The method according to claim 14, wherein the coarse adjustments of the irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam are made using a transmission mark which a through hole whose diameter is smaller than an inter-beam pitch of the multiple primary electron beams is formed therein. | According to one aspect of the present invention, an optical system adjustment method of an image acquisition apparatus includes: extracting one primary electron beam after another from primary electron beams at a plurality of preset positions among multiple primary electron beams; and adjusting, a first detector being capable of individually detecting multiple secondary electrons emitted due to irradiation of a target with the multiple primary electron beams, a trajectory of the one primary electron beam using a primary electron optics while detecting secondary electrons corresponding to the one primary electron beam for each of the primary electron beams extracted one by one using a movable second detector having an inspection surface of a size capable of detecting the multiple secondary electrons as a whole and arranged on an optical path for guiding the multiple secondary electrons to the first detector.1-6. (canceled) 7: An optical system adjustment method of an image acquisition apparatus comprising:
deflecting one primary electron beam one after another from multiple primary electron beams such that remaining primary electron beams excluding a desired primary electron beam of the multiple primary electron beams become beam OFF using a blanking aperture array mechanism including a substrate including a plurality of passing holes formed by fitting to positions where the multiple primary electron beams pass and a plurality of electrode pairs each arranged in a set of positions facing each other across a corresponding passing hole of the plurality of passing holes; adjusting a trajectory of the desired primary electron beam by a primary electron optics and detecting secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another using a second detector having an inspection surface of a size configured to detect multiple secondary electrons as a whole by performing trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by a deflector arranged on an optical path for guiding the multiple secondary electrons to a first detector configured to individually detect multiple secondary electron beams emitted due to irradiation of a target with the multiple primary electron beams; and after adjustments of the trajectory of each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another being completed, adjusting the trajectory of the secondary electrons by a secondary electron optics such that the secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam are detected in a corresponding region of the first detector for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another while the trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by the deflector to the second detector is stopped. 8: The method according to claim 7, wherein, a region division type detector is used as the second detector. 9. (canceled) 10: An optical system adjustment method of an image acquisition apparatus comprising:
making one primary electron beam pass through one after another from multiple primary electron beams such that remaining primary electron beams excluding a desired primary electron beam of the multiple primary electron beams become beam OFF using a movable shutter including an opening that allows the desired primary electron beam of the multiple primary electron beams to pass through while shielding remaining primary electron beams; adjusting a trajectory of the desired primary electron beam by a primary electron optics and detecting secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another using a second detector having an inspection surface of a size configured to detect multiple secondary electrons as a whole by performing trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by a deflector arranged on an optical path for guiding the multiple secondary electrons to a first detector configured to individually detect multiple secondary electron beams emitted due to irradiation of a target with the multiple primary electron beams; and after adjustments of the trajectory of each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another being completed, adjusting the trajectory of the secondary electrons by a secondary electron optics such that the secondary electrons corresponding to the desired primary electron beam are detected in a corresponding region of the first detector for each of the primary electron beams deflected one after another while the trajectory deflection of the secondary electrons by the deflector to the second detector is stopped. 11: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
making coarse adjustments of an irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam before the trajectory of the desired primary electron beam is adjusted. 12: The method according to claim 11, wherein the coarse adjustments of the irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam are made using a transmission mark which a through hole whose diameter is smaller than an inter-beam pitch of the multiple primary electron beams is formed therein. 13: The method according to claim 10, wherein, a region division type detector is used as the second detector. 14: The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
making coarse adjustments of an irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam before the trajectory of the desired primary electron beam is adjusted. 15: The method according to claim 14, wherein the coarse adjustments of the irradiation position of the desired primary electron beam are made using a transmission mark which a through hole whose diameter is smaller than an inter-beam pitch of the multiple primary electron beams is formed therein. | 3,700 |
343,638 | 16,803,062 | 3,746 | A video super resolution method comprises successively executing instances of a first plurality of layers (SISR) of a neural network for generating a first image (St) at a higher resolution than an input image frame (Xt); successively executing a second plurality of layers (VSR) of the neural network for generating a second image (Vt) at the higher resolution, at least one of the second plurality of layers generating intermediate output information (Ht), the second plurality of layers taking into account an output image (Yt−1) at the higher resolution generated by a previous instance of the network from a previous input image frame (Xt−1) and intermediate output information (Ht−1) generated by the second plurality of layers of the previous instance, and executing a third plurality of layers for combining the first (St) and second (Vt) images to produce an output image (Yt) for the instance of the network. | 1. A video super resolution method comprising:
executing recurring instances of a neural network on respective input image frames, said executing comprising:
successively executing instances of a first plurality of layers (SISR) for generating a first image (St) at a higher resolution than an input image frame (Xt) based on input image frame information;
successively executing a second plurality of layers (VSR) for generating a second image (Vt) at said higher resolution, at least one of the second plurality of layers generating intermediate output information (Ht), the second plurality of layers taking into account an output image (Yt−1) at said higher resolution generated by a previous instance of the network from a previous input image frame (Xt−1) and intermediate output information (Ht−1) generated by the second plurality of layers of the previous instance, and executing a third plurality of layers for combining said first (St) and second (Vt) images to produce an output image (Yt) for said instance of said network. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises at least one residual layer followed by at least one deconvolutional layer. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises at least one convolutional layer between said at least one residual layer and said at least one deconvolutional layer. 4. The method of claim 3 comprising taking said intermediate output information from an output of at least one of said at least one residual layers. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising providing said output of at least one of said at least one residual layers as an input to a convolutional layer, an output of said convolutional layer comprising said intermediate output information. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises at least one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising taking said intermediate output information from an output of at least one of said at least one LSTM layers. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein said output comprises each of an updated candidate information and cell state information produced by said at least one of said at least one LSTM layers. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises one or more deconvolutional layers following said at least one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said second plurality of layers includes a residual layer between said at least one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer and said one or more deconvolutional layers. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said successively executing instances of said first plurality of layers (SISR) and successively executing said second plurality of layers (VSR) are performed either in sequence or in parallel. 12. The method of claim 1 comprising subtracting said first image (St) from said second image (Vt) before executing said third plurality of layers. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein said third plurality of layers comprises at least one residual layer. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said third plurality of layers comprises at least one convolutional layer following said at least one residual layer. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding an output of said third plurality of layers to said first image to provide said output image (Yt). 16. The method of claim 1 further comprising downsampling and deepening said output image (Yt−1) at said higher resolution generated by a previous instance of the network to provide an image (Y′t−1) at the same resolution as said input frame. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising concatenating said input frame, said downsampled output image and said intermediate output information (Ht−1) generated by the second plurality of layers of the previous instance before providing said concatenated information as input to said second plurality of layers. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising matching a number of channels of said concatenated information with a number of channels of said intermediate output information before executing said second plurality of layers. 19. A neural network image processing apparatus arranged to successively acquire a plurality of input image frames, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of claim 1 on each of said plurality of image frames. 20. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium on which computer readable instructions comprising a network configuration and weight information for at least said first, second and third plurality of layers, so that when executed cause one or more processors to perform the steps of claim 1. | A video super resolution method comprises successively executing instances of a first plurality of layers (SISR) of a neural network for generating a first image (St) at a higher resolution than an input image frame (Xt); successively executing a second plurality of layers (VSR) of the neural network for generating a second image (Vt) at the higher resolution, at least one of the second plurality of layers generating intermediate output information (Ht), the second plurality of layers taking into account an output image (Yt−1) at the higher resolution generated by a previous instance of the network from a previous input image frame (Xt−1) and intermediate output information (Ht−1) generated by the second plurality of layers of the previous instance, and executing a third plurality of layers for combining the first (St) and second (Vt) images to produce an output image (Yt) for the instance of the network.1. A video super resolution method comprising:
executing recurring instances of a neural network on respective input image frames, said executing comprising:
successively executing instances of a first plurality of layers (SISR) for generating a first image (St) at a higher resolution than an input image frame (Xt) based on input image frame information;
successively executing a second plurality of layers (VSR) for generating a second image (Vt) at said higher resolution, at least one of the second plurality of layers generating intermediate output information (Ht), the second plurality of layers taking into account an output image (Yt−1) at said higher resolution generated by a previous instance of the network from a previous input image frame (Xt−1) and intermediate output information (Ht−1) generated by the second plurality of layers of the previous instance, and executing a third plurality of layers for combining said first (St) and second (Vt) images to produce an output image (Yt) for said instance of said network. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises at least one residual layer followed by at least one deconvolutional layer. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises at least one convolutional layer between said at least one residual layer and said at least one deconvolutional layer. 4. The method of claim 3 comprising taking said intermediate output information from an output of at least one of said at least one residual layers. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising providing said output of at least one of said at least one residual layers as an input to a convolutional layer, an output of said convolutional layer comprising said intermediate output information. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises at least one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising taking said intermediate output information from an output of at least one of said at least one LSTM layers. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein said output comprises each of an updated candidate information and cell state information produced by said at least one of said at least one LSTM layers. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein said second plurality of layers comprises one or more deconvolutional layers following said at least one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said second plurality of layers includes a residual layer between said at least one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer and said one or more deconvolutional layers. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said successively executing instances of said first plurality of layers (SISR) and successively executing said second plurality of layers (VSR) are performed either in sequence or in parallel. 12. The method of claim 1 comprising subtracting said first image (St) from said second image (Vt) before executing said third plurality of layers. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein said third plurality of layers comprises at least one residual layer. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said third plurality of layers comprises at least one convolutional layer following said at least one residual layer. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding an output of said third plurality of layers to said first image to provide said output image (Yt). 16. The method of claim 1 further comprising downsampling and deepening said output image (Yt−1) at said higher resolution generated by a previous instance of the network to provide an image (Y′t−1) at the same resolution as said input frame. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising concatenating said input frame, said downsampled output image and said intermediate output information (Ht−1) generated by the second plurality of layers of the previous instance before providing said concatenated information as input to said second plurality of layers. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising matching a number of channels of said concatenated information with a number of channels of said intermediate output information before executing said second plurality of layers. 19. A neural network image processing apparatus arranged to successively acquire a plurality of input image frames, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of claim 1 on each of said plurality of image frames. 20. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium on which computer readable instructions comprising a network configuration and weight information for at least said first, second and third plurality of layers, so that when executed cause one or more processors to perform the steps of claim 1. | 3,700 |
343,639 | 16,803,059 | 3,746 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a power supply device, an electronic system and a method. The electronic system comprises an electronic device and the power supply device transmitting synchronization information from a satellite to the electronic system. The power supply device comprises a first modulator configured to receive a signal from a satellite and to generate a first modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage indicating synchronization information included in the satellite signal; and a first transformer configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage to an electronic device to enable a synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the synchronization information. The electronic device demodulates the first modulated supply voltage to determine the synchronization information for synchronizing with the satellite. By using the embodiments of the disclosure, cost for manufacturing the electronic devices can be significantly reduced. | 1. A power supply device comprising:
a first modulator configured to receive a signal from a satellite and to generate a first modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage indicating synchronization information included in the signal; and a first transformer configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage to an electronic device to enable a synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the synchronization information; wherein the power supply device comprises a power supply equipment (PSE) of Power over Ethernet (PoE). 2. The power supply device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second modulator configured to receive the signal from the satellite and to generate a second modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the second modulated supply voltage indicating further synchronization information included in the signal, wherein the first transformer is further configured to provide the second modulated supply voltage to the electronic device to enable a further synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the further synchronization information. 3. The power supply device of claim 1, wherein the first modulator is further configured to generate the first modulated supply voltage in a time division multiplexing manner, the level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage in different time intervals indicating different types of the synchronization information included in the signal. 4. The power supply device of claim 1, wherein the first modulator comprises a first circuit comprising:
a first transistor coupled between a first node provided with a voltage of a first level and an output node configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage; a first resistor coupled between the first node and a control terminal of the first transistor; a second resistor coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor; and a second transistor coupled between the second resistor and the ground, a control terminal of the second transistor coupled to a second node configured to receive the signal from the satellite. 5. The power supply device of claim 4, wherein the first modulator further comprises a second circuit comprising
a third transistor coupled between a third node provided with a voltage of a second level and the output node; a third resistor coupled between the third node and a control terminal of the third transistor; a fourth resistor coupled to the control terminal of the third transistor; a fourth transistor coupled between the fourth resistor and the ground; and an inverter coupled between the second node and a control terminal of the fourth transistor. 6. The power supply device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first transceiver configured to communicate data packets with the electronic device via the first transformer. 7. (canceled) 8. A method comprising:
receiving a first modulated supply voltage from a power supply device, the first modulated supply voltage generated based on a signal of a satellite received at the power supply device; determining, from a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage, synchronization information included in the signal of the satellite by comparing the first modulated supply voltage with a predetermined voltage to determine logic values of the synchronization information; and synchronizing an electronic device with the satellite based on the synchronization information. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a second modulated supply voltage from the power supply device, the second modulated supply voltage generated based on the signal of the satellite received at the power supply device; determining, from a level pattern of the second modulated supply voltage, further synchronization information included in the signal of the satellite; and synchronizing the electronic device with the satellite based on the further synchronization information. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
adjusting time information of the synchronization information based on transmission delay from a first modulator of the power supply device to a first demodulator of the electronic device. 11. (canceled) 12. An electronic system comprising:
a power supply device comprising
a first modulator configured to receive a signal from a satellite and to generate a first modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage indicating synchronization information included in the signal; and
a first transformer configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage to an electronic device to enable a synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the synchronization information;
a connection coupled to the first transformer; and an electronic device comprising:
a second transformer coupled to the connection and configured to receive the first modulated supply voltage from the first transformer via the connection;
a first demodulator configured to determine, from the level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage, the synchronization information; and
a controller configured to synchronize the electronic device with the satellite based on the synchronization information. 13. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device further comprises:
a second demodulator coupled to the second transformer to receive a second modulated supply voltage from the power supply device via the connection, and configured to determine, from a level pattern of a second modulated supply voltage, a further synchronization information included in the signal of the satellite. 14. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the first demodulator comprises a comparator configured to compare the first modulated supply voltage with a predetermined voltage to determine logic values of the synchronization information. 15. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device further comprises an adjustor configured to adjust time information of the synchronization information based on transmission delay from the first modulator to the first demodulator. 16. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the power supply device comprises a power supply equipment (PSE) of Power over Ethernet (PoE), and the electronic device comprises a powered device (PD) of PoE. 17. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the power supply device further comprises a first transceiver configured to communicate data packets with the electronic device, and
wherein the electronic device further comprises a second transceiver configured to communicate data with the first transceiver of the power supply device. 18. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device further comprising:
a converter configured to convert the first modulated supply voltage to a converted voltage supplied to the controller, wherein the controller is further configured to operate with the converted voltage. 19. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the power supply device further comprises:
a second modulator configured to receive the signal from the satellite and to generate a second modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the second modulated supply voltage indicating further synchronization information included in the signal, wherein the first transformer is further configured to provide the second modulated supply voltage to the electronic device to enable a further synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the further synchronization information. 20. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the first modulator is further configured to generate the first modulated supply voltage in a time division multiplexing manner, the level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage in different time intervals indicating different types of the synchronization information included in the signal. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a power supply device, an electronic system and a method. The electronic system comprises an electronic device and the power supply device transmitting synchronization information from a satellite to the electronic system. The power supply device comprises a first modulator configured to receive a signal from a satellite and to generate a first modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage indicating synchronization information included in the satellite signal; and a first transformer configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage to an electronic device to enable a synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the synchronization information. The electronic device demodulates the first modulated supply voltage to determine the synchronization information for synchronizing with the satellite. By using the embodiments of the disclosure, cost for manufacturing the electronic devices can be significantly reduced.1. A power supply device comprising:
a first modulator configured to receive a signal from a satellite and to generate a first modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage indicating synchronization information included in the signal; and a first transformer configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage to an electronic device to enable a synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the synchronization information; wherein the power supply device comprises a power supply equipment (PSE) of Power over Ethernet (PoE). 2. The power supply device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second modulator configured to receive the signal from the satellite and to generate a second modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the second modulated supply voltage indicating further synchronization information included in the signal, wherein the first transformer is further configured to provide the second modulated supply voltage to the electronic device to enable a further synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the further synchronization information. 3. The power supply device of claim 1, wherein the first modulator is further configured to generate the first modulated supply voltage in a time division multiplexing manner, the level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage in different time intervals indicating different types of the synchronization information included in the signal. 4. The power supply device of claim 1, wherein the first modulator comprises a first circuit comprising:
a first transistor coupled between a first node provided with a voltage of a first level and an output node configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage; a first resistor coupled between the first node and a control terminal of the first transistor; a second resistor coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor; and a second transistor coupled between the second resistor and the ground, a control terminal of the second transistor coupled to a second node configured to receive the signal from the satellite. 5. The power supply device of claim 4, wherein the first modulator further comprises a second circuit comprising
a third transistor coupled between a third node provided with a voltage of a second level and the output node; a third resistor coupled between the third node and a control terminal of the third transistor; a fourth resistor coupled to the control terminal of the third transistor; a fourth transistor coupled between the fourth resistor and the ground; and an inverter coupled between the second node and a control terminal of the fourth transistor. 6. The power supply device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first transceiver configured to communicate data packets with the electronic device via the first transformer. 7. (canceled) 8. A method comprising:
receiving a first modulated supply voltage from a power supply device, the first modulated supply voltage generated based on a signal of a satellite received at the power supply device; determining, from a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage, synchronization information included in the signal of the satellite by comparing the first modulated supply voltage with a predetermined voltage to determine logic values of the synchronization information; and synchronizing an electronic device with the satellite based on the synchronization information. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a second modulated supply voltage from the power supply device, the second modulated supply voltage generated based on the signal of the satellite received at the power supply device; determining, from a level pattern of the second modulated supply voltage, further synchronization information included in the signal of the satellite; and synchronizing the electronic device with the satellite based on the further synchronization information. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
adjusting time information of the synchronization information based on transmission delay from a first modulator of the power supply device to a first demodulator of the electronic device. 11. (canceled) 12. An electronic system comprising:
a power supply device comprising
a first modulator configured to receive a signal from a satellite and to generate a first modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage indicating synchronization information included in the signal; and
a first transformer configured to provide the first modulated supply voltage to an electronic device to enable a synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the synchronization information;
a connection coupled to the first transformer; and an electronic device comprising:
a second transformer coupled to the connection and configured to receive the first modulated supply voltage from the first transformer via the connection;
a first demodulator configured to determine, from the level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage, the synchronization information; and
a controller configured to synchronize the electronic device with the satellite based on the synchronization information. 13. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device further comprises:
a second demodulator coupled to the second transformer to receive a second modulated supply voltage from the power supply device via the connection, and configured to determine, from a level pattern of a second modulated supply voltage, a further synchronization information included in the signal of the satellite. 14. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the first demodulator comprises a comparator configured to compare the first modulated supply voltage with a predetermined voltage to determine logic values of the synchronization information. 15. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device further comprises an adjustor configured to adjust time information of the synchronization information based on transmission delay from the first modulator to the first demodulator. 16. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the power supply device comprises a power supply equipment (PSE) of Power over Ethernet (PoE), and the electronic device comprises a powered device (PD) of PoE. 17. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the power supply device further comprises a first transceiver configured to communicate data packets with the electronic device, and
wherein the electronic device further comprises a second transceiver configured to communicate data with the first transceiver of the power supply device. 18. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device further comprising:
a converter configured to convert the first modulated supply voltage to a converted voltage supplied to the controller, wherein the controller is further configured to operate with the converted voltage. 19. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the power supply device further comprises:
a second modulator configured to receive the signal from the satellite and to generate a second modulated supply voltage, a level pattern of the second modulated supply voltage indicating further synchronization information included in the signal, wherein the first transformer is further configured to provide the second modulated supply voltage to the electronic device to enable a further synchronization between the satellite and the electronic device based on the further synchronization information. 20. The electronic system of claim 12, wherein the first modulator is further configured to generate the first modulated supply voltage in a time division multiplexing manner, the level pattern of the first modulated supply voltage in different time intervals indicating different types of the synchronization information included in the signal. | 3,700 |
343,640 | 16,803,083 | 3,746 | Techniques for processing data may include: receiving source physical storage allocation units that include valid data and one or more holes of unused physical storage, wherein each source physical storage allocation unit has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on the source physical storage allocation unit; determining an age for each source physical allocation unit based on the associated timestamp of the source physical allocation unit; for each source physical storage allocation unit, determining one of multiple age buckets for the source physical allocation unit based on the age of the source physical allocation unit; and for a first of the age buckets including two source physical allocation units, performing first processing including: relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. | 1. A method of processing data comprising:
receiving a plurality of source physical storage allocation units, wherein each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units includes valid data, includes one or more holes of unused physical storage, and has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on said each source physical storage allocation unit; determining an age for each of the plurality of source physical allocation units based on the associated timestamp of said each source physical allocation unit; for each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units, determining one of a plurality of age buckets for said each source physical allocation unit based on the age of said each source physical allocation unit; and for a first of the plurality of age buckets including two of the plurality of source physical allocation units, performing first processing including:
relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first processing includes determining a timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit using at the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit is determined as a most recent one of the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units is stored on the target physical storage allocation unit in a compact packed format and wherein the target physical storage allocation unit has no holes of unused physical storage. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of source physical allocation units includes compressed data. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of write I/O operations that write first data to a plurality of logical addresses; storing the first data in a cache; obtaining the first data from the cache; compressing the first data obtained from the cache and generating first compressed data; storing the first compressed data on a first of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units in a compact packed format; and determining the associated timestamp for the first source physical storage allocation unit denoting a destaging time of the first data stored on the first physical storage allocation unit. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein, at a first point in time, each of the first source physical storage allocation unit and a second of the plurality of physical storage allocation units includes valid data stored in a compact packed format. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first physical storage allocation unit includes a first number of compressed data portions and the second physical storage allocation unit includes a second number of compressed data portions, and wherein the second number is different than the first number. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first physical storage allocation unit includes a first amount of compressed data and the second physical storage allocation unit includes a second amount of compressed data, and wherein the first amount is different than the second amount. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the target physical storage allocation unit is allocated from a first of a plurality of storage tiers, and wherein the first storage tier is selected in accordance with the first age bucket including the two source physical allocation units. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first age bucket denotes an oldest age with respect to a plurality of ages associated with the plurality of age buckets. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first storage tier is a lowest performance tier of the plurality of storage tiers. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first age bucket denotes a youngest age with respect to a plurality of ages associated with the plurality of age buckets. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of storage tiers are ranked in terms of performance from a highest performance ranked one of the plurality of tiers to a lowest performance ranked one of the plurality of tiers, and wherein the first storage tier is any of the plurality of tiers other than the lowest performance ranked one of the plurality of storage tiers. 15. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of processing data comprising:
receiving a plurality of source physical storage allocation units, wherein each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units includes valid data, includes one or more holes of unused physical storage, and has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on said each source physical storage allocation unit;
determining an age for each of the plurality of source physical allocation units based on the associated timestamp of said each source physical allocation unit;
for each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units, determining one of a plurality of age buckets for said each source physical allocation unit based on the age of said each source physical allocation unit; and
for a first of the plurality of age buckets including two of the plurality of source physical allocation units, performing first processing including:
relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. 16. A computer readable medium comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of processing data comprising:
receiving a plurality of source physical storage allocation units, wherein each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units includes valid data, includes one or more holes of unused physical storage, and has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on said each source physical storage allocation unit; determining an age for each of the plurality of source physical allocation units based on the associated timestamp of said each source physical allocation unit; for each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units, determining one of a plurality of age buckets for said each source physical allocation unit based on the age of said each source physical allocation unit; and for a first of the plurality of age buckets including two of the plurality of source physical allocation units, performing first processing including:
relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the first processing includes determining a timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit using at the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit is determined as a most recent one of the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units is stored on the target physical storage allocation unit in a compact packed format and wherein the target physical storage allocation unit has no holes of unused physical storage. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of source physical allocation units includes compressed data. | Techniques for processing data may include: receiving source physical storage allocation units that include valid data and one or more holes of unused physical storage, wherein each source physical storage allocation unit has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on the source physical storage allocation unit; determining an age for each source physical allocation unit based on the associated timestamp of the source physical allocation unit; for each source physical storage allocation unit, determining one of multiple age buckets for the source physical allocation unit based on the age of the source physical allocation unit; and for a first of the age buckets including two source physical allocation units, performing first processing including: relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit.1. A method of processing data comprising:
receiving a plurality of source physical storage allocation units, wherein each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units includes valid data, includes one or more holes of unused physical storage, and has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on said each source physical storage allocation unit; determining an age for each of the plurality of source physical allocation units based on the associated timestamp of said each source physical allocation unit; for each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units, determining one of a plurality of age buckets for said each source physical allocation unit based on the age of said each source physical allocation unit; and for a first of the plurality of age buckets including two of the plurality of source physical allocation units, performing first processing including:
relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first processing includes determining a timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit using at the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit is determined as a most recent one of the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units is stored on the target physical storage allocation unit in a compact packed format and wherein the target physical storage allocation unit has no holes of unused physical storage. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of source physical allocation units includes compressed data. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of write I/O operations that write first data to a plurality of logical addresses; storing the first data in a cache; obtaining the first data from the cache; compressing the first data obtained from the cache and generating first compressed data; storing the first compressed data on a first of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units in a compact packed format; and determining the associated timestamp for the first source physical storage allocation unit denoting a destaging time of the first data stored on the first physical storage allocation unit. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein, at a first point in time, each of the first source physical storage allocation unit and a second of the plurality of physical storage allocation units includes valid data stored in a compact packed format. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first physical storage allocation unit includes a first number of compressed data portions and the second physical storage allocation unit includes a second number of compressed data portions, and wherein the second number is different than the first number. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first physical storage allocation unit includes a first amount of compressed data and the second physical storage allocation unit includes a second amount of compressed data, and wherein the first amount is different than the second amount. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the target physical storage allocation unit is allocated from a first of a plurality of storage tiers, and wherein the first storage tier is selected in accordance with the first age bucket including the two source physical allocation units. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first age bucket denotes an oldest age with respect to a plurality of ages associated with the plurality of age buckets. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first storage tier is a lowest performance tier of the plurality of storage tiers. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first age bucket denotes a youngest age with respect to a plurality of ages associated with the plurality of age buckets. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of storage tiers are ranked in terms of performance from a highest performance ranked one of the plurality of tiers to a lowest performance ranked one of the plurality of tiers, and wherein the first storage tier is any of the plurality of tiers other than the lowest performance ranked one of the plurality of storage tiers. 15. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of processing data comprising:
receiving a plurality of source physical storage allocation units, wherein each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units includes valid data, includes one or more holes of unused physical storage, and has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on said each source physical storage allocation unit;
determining an age for each of the plurality of source physical allocation units based on the associated timestamp of said each source physical allocation unit;
for each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units, determining one of a plurality of age buckets for said each source physical allocation unit based on the age of said each source physical allocation unit; and
for a first of the plurality of age buckets including two of the plurality of source physical allocation units, performing first processing including:
relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. 16. A computer readable medium comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of processing data comprising:
receiving a plurality of source physical storage allocation units, wherein each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units includes valid data, includes one or more holes of unused physical storage, and has an associated timestamp denoting a most recent destaging time of any data stored on said each source physical storage allocation unit; determining an age for each of the plurality of source physical allocation units based on the associated timestamp of said each source physical allocation unit; for each of the plurality of source physical storage allocation units, determining one of a plurality of age buckets for said each source physical allocation unit based on the age of said each source physical allocation unit; and for a first of the plurality of age buckets including two of the plurality of source physical allocation units, performing first processing including:
relocating at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units to a target physical storage allocation unit. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the first processing includes determining a timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit using at the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the timestamp for the target physical storage allocation unit is determined as a most recent one of the two associated timestamps for the two source physical storage allocation units. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the at least some valid data from the two source physical storage allocation units is stored on the target physical storage allocation unit in a compact packed format and wherein the target physical storage allocation unit has no holes of unused physical storage. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of source physical allocation units includes compressed data. | 3,700 |
343,641 | 16,803,095 | 3,741 | A fuel system for a gas turbine engine includes a primary fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation and a primary electric motor coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the primary fuel pump during engine operation. A secondary system provides fuel flow in the absence of fuel flow from the primary fuel pump. | 1. A fuel system for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a primary fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation; a primary electric motor coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the primary fuel pump during engine operation; and a secondary system providing fuel flow in the absence of fuel flow from the primary fuel pump. 2. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the secondary system comprises a secondary drive coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the fuel pump instead of the electric motor. 3. The fuel system as recited in claim 2, wherein the secondary drive comprises a hydraulic turbine coupled to the primary pump. 4. The fuel system as recited in claim 3, including a clutch means for selectively coupling the hydraulic turbine to drive the primary pump. 5. The fuel system as recited in claim 3, including a hydraulic control valve controlling a flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic turbine to control a speed of the hydraulic turbine and thereby the speed of the primary pump and the flow of fuel. 6. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein secondary system comprises a secondary pump powered by a secondary drive. 7. The fuel system as recited in claim 6, wherein the secondary drive comprises a hydraulically powered turbine. 8. The fuel system as recited in claim 6, wherein the secondary drive comprises an air cycle machine driven by a bleed airflow from the engine. 9. The fuel system as recited in claim 8, including a bleed air control valve controlling a speed of the air cycle machine. 10. The fuel system as recited in claim 9, including a first valve upstream of the secondary pump and a second valve downstream of the secondary pump for controlling fuel flow from the secondary pump. 11. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a fan rotatable within a fan nacelle; a core engine including a compressor communicating compressed air to a combustor where compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-energy gas flow expanded through a turbine; a primary fuel pump providing fuel to the combustor during engine operation; a primary electric motor coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the primary fuel pump during engine operation; and a secondary system providing fuel flow in the absence of fuel flow from the primary fuel pump. 12. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 11, wherein the secondary system comprises a hydraulically powered turbine coupled to drive the primary fuel pump instead of the primary electric motor. 13. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 12, including a hydraulic control valve controlling a flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic turbine to control a speed of the hydraulic turbine and thereby the speed of the primary pump and the flow of fuel to the combustor. 14. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 11, wherein secondary system comprises a secondary pump powered by a secondary drive. 15. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 14, wherein the secondary drive comprises a hydraulic turbine driven by a flow of fluid. 16. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 15, wherein the hydraulic turbine comprise an air cycle machine driven by a flow of air bled from the compressor and a bleed air control valve controlling a speed of the air cycle machine by varying the flow of air bleed from the compressor. 17. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 16, including a first valve upstream of the secondary pump and a second valve downstream of the secondary pump for controlling fuel flow from the secondary pump. 18. A method of supplying fuel to a combustor of a gas turbine engine comprising:
driving a primary fuel pump with an electric motor to provide a first fuel flow that varies independent of a speed of shaft driven by a turbine of the engine; and generating a second fuel flow with a secondary system in response to the electric motor not driving the primary fuel pump sufficiently to power the engine. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, including generating the second fuel flow with a secondary drive driving the primary fuel pump. 20. The method as recited in claim 18, including generating the second fuel flow with a secondary fuel pump driven by a secondary drive independent of the primary fuel pump. 21. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein the secondary drive comprises an air cycle machine powered by a flow of air bleed from a compressor of the engine. | A fuel system for a gas turbine engine includes a primary fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation and a primary electric motor coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the primary fuel pump during engine operation. A secondary system provides fuel flow in the absence of fuel flow from the primary fuel pump.1. A fuel system for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a primary fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation; a primary electric motor coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the primary fuel pump during engine operation; and a secondary system providing fuel flow in the absence of fuel flow from the primary fuel pump. 2. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the secondary system comprises a secondary drive coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the fuel pump instead of the electric motor. 3. The fuel system as recited in claim 2, wherein the secondary drive comprises a hydraulic turbine coupled to the primary pump. 4. The fuel system as recited in claim 3, including a clutch means for selectively coupling the hydraulic turbine to drive the primary pump. 5. The fuel system as recited in claim 3, including a hydraulic control valve controlling a flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic turbine to control a speed of the hydraulic turbine and thereby the speed of the primary pump and the flow of fuel. 6. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein secondary system comprises a secondary pump powered by a secondary drive. 7. The fuel system as recited in claim 6, wherein the secondary drive comprises a hydraulically powered turbine. 8. The fuel system as recited in claim 6, wherein the secondary drive comprises an air cycle machine driven by a bleed airflow from the engine. 9. The fuel system as recited in claim 8, including a bleed air control valve controlling a speed of the air cycle machine. 10. The fuel system as recited in claim 9, including a first valve upstream of the secondary pump and a second valve downstream of the secondary pump for controlling fuel flow from the secondary pump. 11. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a fan rotatable within a fan nacelle; a core engine including a compressor communicating compressed air to a combustor where compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-energy gas flow expanded through a turbine; a primary fuel pump providing fuel to the combustor during engine operation; a primary electric motor coupled to the primary fuel pump for driving the primary fuel pump during engine operation; and a secondary system providing fuel flow in the absence of fuel flow from the primary fuel pump. 12. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 11, wherein the secondary system comprises a hydraulically powered turbine coupled to drive the primary fuel pump instead of the primary electric motor. 13. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 12, including a hydraulic control valve controlling a flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic turbine to control a speed of the hydraulic turbine and thereby the speed of the primary pump and the flow of fuel to the combustor. 14. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 11, wherein secondary system comprises a secondary pump powered by a secondary drive. 15. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 14, wherein the secondary drive comprises a hydraulic turbine driven by a flow of fluid. 16. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 15, wherein the hydraulic turbine comprise an air cycle machine driven by a flow of air bled from the compressor and a bleed air control valve controlling a speed of the air cycle machine by varying the flow of air bleed from the compressor. 17. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 16, including a first valve upstream of the secondary pump and a second valve downstream of the secondary pump for controlling fuel flow from the secondary pump. 18. A method of supplying fuel to a combustor of a gas turbine engine comprising:
driving a primary fuel pump with an electric motor to provide a first fuel flow that varies independent of a speed of shaft driven by a turbine of the engine; and generating a second fuel flow with a secondary system in response to the electric motor not driving the primary fuel pump sufficiently to power the engine. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, including generating the second fuel flow with a secondary drive driving the primary fuel pump. 20. The method as recited in claim 18, including generating the second fuel flow with a secondary fuel pump driven by a secondary drive independent of the primary fuel pump. 21. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein the secondary drive comprises an air cycle machine powered by a flow of air bleed from a compressor of the engine. | 3,700 |
343,642 | 16,803,079 | 3,741 | A vehicle remote instruction system is a system in which a remote operator performs a remote instruction relating to travel of an autonomous driving vehicle according to a situation of the autonomous driving vehicle. The system includes: a recording required situation determination unit configured to determine whether or not the autonomous driving vehicle traveling according to the remote instruction is in a predetermined recording required situation, based on detection information from a vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle, if the remote operator performs the remote instruction on the autonomous driving vehicle; and a remote instruction result recording unit configured to record position information of the autonomous driving vehicle as a result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. | 1. A vehicle remote instruction system in which a remote operator performs a remote instruction relating to travel of an autonomous driving vehicle according to a situation of the autonomous driving vehicle, the system comprising:
a recording required situation determination unit configured to determine whether or not the autonomous driving vehicle traveling according to the remote instruction is in a predetermined recording required situation, based on detection information from a vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle, if the remote operator performs the remote instruction on the autonomous driving vehicle; and a remote instruction result recording unit configured to record position information of the autonomous driving vehicle as a result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 2. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 1,
wherein the recording required situation determination unit is configured to determine that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation, if the autonomous driving vehicle traveling according to the remote instruction operates an emergency brake. 3. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 1,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and the detection information from the vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 4. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 1,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and identification information of the remote operator in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 5. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 4,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured not to record the result of the remote instruction regardless of a result of the determination performed by the recording required situation determination unit, if the remote instruction is to perform an emergency evacuation. 6. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 2,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and the detection information from the vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 7. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 2,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and identification information of the remote operator in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. | A vehicle remote instruction system is a system in which a remote operator performs a remote instruction relating to travel of an autonomous driving vehicle according to a situation of the autonomous driving vehicle. The system includes: a recording required situation determination unit configured to determine whether or not the autonomous driving vehicle traveling according to the remote instruction is in a predetermined recording required situation, based on detection information from a vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle, if the remote operator performs the remote instruction on the autonomous driving vehicle; and a remote instruction result recording unit configured to record position information of the autonomous driving vehicle as a result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation.1. A vehicle remote instruction system in which a remote operator performs a remote instruction relating to travel of an autonomous driving vehicle according to a situation of the autonomous driving vehicle, the system comprising:
a recording required situation determination unit configured to determine whether or not the autonomous driving vehicle traveling according to the remote instruction is in a predetermined recording required situation, based on detection information from a vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle, if the remote operator performs the remote instruction on the autonomous driving vehicle; and a remote instruction result recording unit configured to record position information of the autonomous driving vehicle as a result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 2. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 1,
wherein the recording required situation determination unit is configured to determine that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation, if the autonomous driving vehicle traveling according to the remote instruction operates an emergency brake. 3. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 1,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and the detection information from the vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 4. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 1,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and identification information of the remote operator in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 5. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 4,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured not to record the result of the remote instruction regardless of a result of the determination performed by the recording required situation determination unit, if the remote instruction is to perform an emergency evacuation. 6. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 2,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and the detection information from the vehicle-mounted sensor of the autonomous driving vehicle in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. 7. The vehicle remote instruction system according to claim 2,
wherein the remote instruction result recording unit is configured to record the position information of the autonomous driving vehicle and identification information of the remote operator in association with each other as the result of the remote instruction, if it is determined by the recording required situation determination unit that the autonomous driving vehicle is in the recording required situation. | 3,700 |
343,643 | 16,802,973 | 3,741 | Implementations of the present specification disclose a method and a system for recommending a target transaction code setting region. The method includes the following: dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions, where the multiple sub-regions include one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; obtaining an association feature between the multiple sub-regions; obtaining predicted effect values of setting a target transaction code in the one or more sample sub-regions by using a prediction algorithm based on at least estimated effect values of setting a target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions and the association feature; and determining at least one recommended region for setting a target transaction code from the one or more sample sub-regions based on at least the one or more predicted effect values. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions wherein the multiple sub-regions comprise one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; generating a hash value for each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions based on a hash function and a location of each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions, wherein each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions corresponds to a different hash value represented by a unique code string, and wherein proximity of two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions is determined based on a comparison score representing a degree of similarity between two or more hash values corresponding to the two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions; obtaining, over a network from a user device, a first portion of association data among the multiple sub-regions, the first portion of the association data comprising payment transaction data related to the user device scanning a target transaction code; obtaining, a second portion of the association data among the multiple sub-regions, wherein the second portion of the association data comprises a first relationship between a first sub-region where the target transaction code has been set and a second sub-region where the target transaction code has not been set, and wherein the first sub-region corresponds to a first location represented by a first hash value and the second sub-region corresponds to a second location represented by a second hash value; generating, based on the first and second portions of the association data, an association feature comprising a plurality of associations between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data, wherein the plurality of associations comprises a first association between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; generating a plurality of distance parameters, wherein the plurality of distance parameters comprises a first distance parameter representing a distance between the first sub-region and the second sub-region, wherein the first distance parameter is calculated based on a first comparison score, and wherein the first comparison score represents a degree of similarity between the first hash value representing the first location of the first sub-region and the second hash value representing the second location of the second sub-region; generating a plurality of weight values corresponding to the association feature, wherein the plurality of weight values comprises a first weight value representing the first association, wherein the first weight value is calculated based on the first distance parameter and a hyperparameter, and wherein the hyperparameter comprises a numerical value associated with the association data and the first relationship between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; obtaining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region by using the plurality of weight values and the association feature; determining, based on at least the predicted effect value, a recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region; providing the target transaction code to the user device located within the recommended region; receiving, from the user device, in response to providing the target transaction code, (i) information indicative of completion of a transaction within the recommended region and (ii) subsequent payment transaction data corresponding to the transaction; and updating the association feature based on the subsequent payment transaction data. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining an estimated effect value of at least one sample sub-region; and updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on a difference between the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region and a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating a sample sub-region whose estimated effect value is greater than a predetermined threshold to a label sub-region. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the target transaction code comprises at least one or more of a red packet code, a collection code, a promo code, and a redeem code. 6. (canceled) 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the label sub-regions comprise a region in which the target transaction code has been set; and a step of obtaining estimated effect values of setting the target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions comprises:
obtaining target transaction code usage data of a label sub-region, wherein the target transaction code usage data comprises a first quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code in the label sub-region, a first ratio of a quantity of offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of transactions for each of the first quantity of merchants in the label sub-region, and a second ratio of a quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of users in the label sub-region; and determining an estimated effect value based on the first quantity, the first ratio, and the second ratio. 8. (canceled) 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the association data comprises at least one second quantity, and the second quantity is a quantity of common users conducting offline network payment transactions in two sub-regions within a first predetermined time period; and
generating the association feature based on the association data comprises:
determining whether the second quantity is greater than a first predetermined threshold; and
if the second quantity is greater than the first predetermined threshold, determining an association relationship between the two sub-regions related to the second quantity to construct an association map, and determining the association map as the association feature between the multiple sub-regions. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region comprises using a graph propagation algorithm. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the association data comprises at least one second quantity, and the second quantity is a quantity of common users conducting offline network payment transactions in two sub-regions within a first predetermined time period; and
generating the association feature between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data comprises:
determining, based on the second quantity, whether there is an association between the two sub-regions related to the second quantity and association strength to construct an association map, and determining the association map as the association feature between the multiple sub-regions, wherein the association strength is positively correlated with the second quantity. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a label sub-region associated with a sample sub-region based on the association map; and determining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the sample sub-region based on an estimated effect value of the label sub-region associated with the sample sub-region and association strength associated with the sample sub-region. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
determining whether a predicted effect value of a sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set is greater than a second predetermined threshold; determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold, determining the sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
obtaining feature data of the one or more sample sub-regions and a predetermined condition corresponding to the feature data, wherein the feature data comprises:
a third quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions within a second predetermined time period in a sample sub-region,
a fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region,
a third ratio comparing the fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region to a total quantity of merchants in the sample sub-region, or
a type of a point of interest corresponding to the sample sub-region;
determining a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than a second predetermined threshold and at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition; and responsive to determining the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition, determining the sample sub-region as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined condition comprises at least one or more of:
the third quantity is greater than a third predetermined threshold; the fourth quantity is greater than a fourth predetermined threshold; the third ratio is greater than a fifth predetermined threshold; and the type of the point of interest is the same as at least one predetermined type of a point of interest. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
combining adjacent recommended regions. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions wherein the multiple sub-regions comprise one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; generating a hash value for each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions based on a hash function and a location of each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions, wherein each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions corresponds to a different hash value represented by a unique code string, and wherein proximity of two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions is determined based on a comparison score representing a degree of similarity between two or more hash values corresponding to the two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions; obtaining, over a network from a user device, a first portion of association data among the multiple sub-regions, the first portion of the association data comprising payment transaction data related to the user device scanning a target transaction code; obtaining, a second portion of the association data among the multiple sub-regions, wherein the second portion of the association data comprises a first relationship between a first sub-region where the target transaction code has been set and a second sub-region where the target transaction code has not been set, and wherein the first sub-region corresponds to a first location represented by a first hash value and the second sub-region corresponds to a second location represented by a second hash value; generating, based on the first and second portions of the association data, an association feature comprising a plurality of associations between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data, wherein the plurality of associations comprises a first association between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; generating a plurality of distance parameters, wherein the plurality of distance parameters comprises a first distance parameter representing a distance between the first sub-region and the second sub-region, wherein the first distance parameter is calculated based on a first comparison score, and wherein the first comparison score represents a degree of similarity between the first hash value representing the first location of the first sub-region and the second hash value representing the second location of the second sub-region; generating a plurality of weight values corresponding to the association feature, wherein the plurality of weight values comprises a first weight value representing the first association, wherein the first weight value is calculated based on the first distance parameter and a hyperparameter, and wherein the hyperparameter comprises a numerical value associated with the association data and the first relationship between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; obtaining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region by using the plurality of weight values and the association feature; determining, based on at least the predicted effect value, a recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region; providing the target transaction code to the user device located within the recommended region; receiving, from the user device, in response to providing the target transaction code, (i) information indicative of completion of a transaction within the recommended region and (ii) subsequent payment transaction data corresponding to the transaction; and updating the association feature based on the subsequent payment transaction data. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining an estimated effect value of at least one sample sub-region; and updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on a difference between the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region and a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating a sample sub-region whose estimated effect value is greater than a predetermined threshold to a label sub-region. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the label sub-regions comprise a region in which the target transaction code has been set; and a step of obtaining estimated effect values of setting the target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions comprises:
obtaining target transaction code usage data of a label sub-region, wherein the target transaction code usage data comprises a first quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code in the label sub-region, a first ratio of a quantity of offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of transactions for each of the first quantity of merchants in the label sub-region, and a second ratio of a quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of users in the label sub-region; and determining an estimated effect value based on the first quantity, the first ratio, and the second ratio. 22. (canceled) 23. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the association data comprises at least one second quantity, and the second quantity is a quantity of common users conducting offline network payment transactions in two sub-regions within a first predetermined time period; and
generating the association feature based on the association data comprises:
determining whether the second quantity is greater than a first predetermined threshold; and
if the second quantity is greater than the first predetermined threshold, determining an association relationship between the two sub-regions related to the second quantity to construct an association map, and determining the association map as the association feature between the multiple sub-regions. 24. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
determining whether a predicted effect value of a sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set is greater than a second predetermined threshold; determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold, determining the sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 25. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
obtaining feature data of the one or more sample sub-regions and a predetermined condition corresponding to the feature data, wherein the feature data comprises:
a third quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions within a second predetermined time period in a sample sub-region,
a fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region,
a third ratio comparing the fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region to a total quantity of merchants in the sample sub-region, or
a type of a point of interest corresponding to the sample sub-region;
determining a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than a second predetermined threshold and at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition; and responsive to determining the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition, determining the sample sub-region as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 26. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions wherein the multiple sub-regions comprise one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; generating a hash value for each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions based on a hash function and a location of each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions, wherein each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions corresponds to a different hash value represented by a unique code string, and wherein proximity of two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions is determined based on a comparison score representing a degree of similarity between two or more hash values corresponding to the two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions; obtaining, over a network from a user device, a first portion of association data among the multiple sub-regions, the first portion of the association data comprising payment transaction data related to the user device scanning a target transaction code; obtaining, a second portion of the association data among the multiple sub-regions, wherein the second portion of the association data comprises a first relationship between a first sub-region where the target transaction code has been set and a second sub-region where the target transaction code has not been set, and wherein the first sub-region corresponds to a first location represented by a first hash value and the second sub-region corresponds to a second location represented by a second hash value; generating, based on the first and second portions of the association data, an association feature comprising a plurality of associations between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data, wherein the plurality of associations comprises a first association between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; generating a plurality of distance parameters, wherein the plurality of distance parameters comprises a first distance parameter representing a distance between the first sub-region and the second sub-region, wherein the first distance parameter is calculated based on a first comparison score, and wherein the first comparison score represents a degree of similarity between the first hash value representing the first location of the first sub-region and the second hash value representing the second location of the second sub-region; generating a plurality of weight values corresponding to the association feature, wherein the plurality of weight values comprises a first weight value representing the first association, wherein the first weight value is calculated based on the first distance parameter and a hyperparameter, and wherein the hyperparameter comprises a numerical value associated with the association data and the first relationship between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; obtaining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region by using the plurality of weight values and the association feature; determining, based on at least the predicted effect value, a recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region; providing the target transaction code to the user device located within the recommended region; receiving, from the user device, in response to providing the target transaction code, (i) information indicative of completion of a transaction within the recommended region and (ii) subsequent payment transaction data corresponding to the transaction; and updating the association feature based on the subsequent payment transaction data. 27. The computer-implemented system of claim 26, wherein the label sub-regions comprise a region in which the target transaction code has been set; and a step of obtaining estimated effect values of setting the target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions comprises:
obtaining target transaction code usage data of a label sub-region, wherein the target transaction code usage data comprises a first quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code in the label sub-region, a first ratio of a quantity of offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of transactions for each of the first quantity of merchants in the label sub-region, and a second ratio of a quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of users in the label sub-region; and determining an estimated effect value based on the first quantity, the first ratio, and the second ratio. 28. (canceled) 29. The computer-implemented system of claim 26, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
determining whether a predicted effect value of a sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set is greater than a second predetermined threshold; determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold, determining the sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 30. The computer-implemented system of claim 26, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
obtaining feature data of the one or more sample sub-regions and a predetermined condition corresponding to the feature data, wherein the feature data comprises:
a third quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions within a second predetermined time period in a sample sub-region,
a fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region,
a third ratio comparing the fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region to a total quantity of merchants in the sample sub-region, or
a type of a point of interest corresponding to the sample sub-region;
determining a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than a second predetermined threshold and at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition; and responsive to determining the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition, determining the sample sub-region as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. | Implementations of the present specification disclose a method and a system for recommending a target transaction code setting region. The method includes the following: dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions, where the multiple sub-regions include one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; obtaining an association feature between the multiple sub-regions; obtaining predicted effect values of setting a target transaction code in the one or more sample sub-regions by using a prediction algorithm based on at least estimated effect values of setting a target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions and the association feature; and determining at least one recommended region for setting a target transaction code from the one or more sample sub-regions based on at least the one or more predicted effect values.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions wherein the multiple sub-regions comprise one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; generating a hash value for each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions based on a hash function and a location of each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions, wherein each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions corresponds to a different hash value represented by a unique code string, and wherein proximity of two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions is determined based on a comparison score representing a degree of similarity between two or more hash values corresponding to the two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions; obtaining, over a network from a user device, a first portion of association data among the multiple sub-regions, the first portion of the association data comprising payment transaction data related to the user device scanning a target transaction code; obtaining, a second portion of the association data among the multiple sub-regions, wherein the second portion of the association data comprises a first relationship between a first sub-region where the target transaction code has been set and a second sub-region where the target transaction code has not been set, and wherein the first sub-region corresponds to a first location represented by a first hash value and the second sub-region corresponds to a second location represented by a second hash value; generating, based on the first and second portions of the association data, an association feature comprising a plurality of associations between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data, wherein the plurality of associations comprises a first association between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; generating a plurality of distance parameters, wherein the plurality of distance parameters comprises a first distance parameter representing a distance between the first sub-region and the second sub-region, wherein the first distance parameter is calculated based on a first comparison score, and wherein the first comparison score represents a degree of similarity between the first hash value representing the first location of the first sub-region and the second hash value representing the second location of the second sub-region; generating a plurality of weight values corresponding to the association feature, wherein the plurality of weight values comprises a first weight value representing the first association, wherein the first weight value is calculated based on the first distance parameter and a hyperparameter, and wherein the hyperparameter comprises a numerical value associated with the association data and the first relationship between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; obtaining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region by using the plurality of weight values and the association feature; determining, based on at least the predicted effect value, a recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region; providing the target transaction code to the user device located within the recommended region; receiving, from the user device, in response to providing the target transaction code, (i) information indicative of completion of a transaction within the recommended region and (ii) subsequent payment transaction data corresponding to the transaction; and updating the association feature based on the subsequent payment transaction data. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining an estimated effect value of at least one sample sub-region; and updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on a difference between the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region and a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating a sample sub-region whose estimated effect value is greater than a predetermined threshold to a label sub-region. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the target transaction code comprises at least one or more of a red packet code, a collection code, a promo code, and a redeem code. 6. (canceled) 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the label sub-regions comprise a region in which the target transaction code has been set; and a step of obtaining estimated effect values of setting the target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions comprises:
obtaining target transaction code usage data of a label sub-region, wherein the target transaction code usage data comprises a first quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code in the label sub-region, a first ratio of a quantity of offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of transactions for each of the first quantity of merchants in the label sub-region, and a second ratio of a quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of users in the label sub-region; and determining an estimated effect value based on the first quantity, the first ratio, and the second ratio. 8. (canceled) 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the association data comprises at least one second quantity, and the second quantity is a quantity of common users conducting offline network payment transactions in two sub-regions within a first predetermined time period; and
generating the association feature based on the association data comprises:
determining whether the second quantity is greater than a first predetermined threshold; and
if the second quantity is greater than the first predetermined threshold, determining an association relationship between the two sub-regions related to the second quantity to construct an association map, and determining the association map as the association feature between the multiple sub-regions. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region comprises using a graph propagation algorithm. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the association data comprises at least one second quantity, and the second quantity is a quantity of common users conducting offline network payment transactions in two sub-regions within a first predetermined time period; and
generating the association feature between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data comprises:
determining, based on the second quantity, whether there is an association between the two sub-regions related to the second quantity and association strength to construct an association map, and determining the association map as the association feature between the multiple sub-regions, wherein the association strength is positively correlated with the second quantity. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a label sub-region associated with a sample sub-region based on the association map; and determining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the sample sub-region based on an estimated effect value of the label sub-region associated with the sample sub-region and association strength associated with the sample sub-region. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
determining whether a predicted effect value of a sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set is greater than a second predetermined threshold; determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold, determining the sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
obtaining feature data of the one or more sample sub-regions and a predetermined condition corresponding to the feature data, wherein the feature data comprises:
a third quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions within a second predetermined time period in a sample sub-region,
a fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region,
a third ratio comparing the fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region to a total quantity of merchants in the sample sub-region, or
a type of a point of interest corresponding to the sample sub-region;
determining a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than a second predetermined threshold and at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition; and responsive to determining the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition, determining the sample sub-region as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined condition comprises at least one or more of:
the third quantity is greater than a third predetermined threshold; the fourth quantity is greater than a fourth predetermined threshold; the third ratio is greater than a fifth predetermined threshold; and the type of the point of interest is the same as at least one predetermined type of a point of interest. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
combining adjacent recommended regions. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions wherein the multiple sub-regions comprise one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; generating a hash value for each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions based on a hash function and a location of each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions, wherein each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions corresponds to a different hash value represented by a unique code string, and wherein proximity of two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions is determined based on a comparison score representing a degree of similarity between two or more hash values corresponding to the two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions; obtaining, over a network from a user device, a first portion of association data among the multiple sub-regions, the first portion of the association data comprising payment transaction data related to the user device scanning a target transaction code; obtaining, a second portion of the association data among the multiple sub-regions, wherein the second portion of the association data comprises a first relationship between a first sub-region where the target transaction code has been set and a second sub-region where the target transaction code has not been set, and wherein the first sub-region corresponds to a first location represented by a first hash value and the second sub-region corresponds to a second location represented by a second hash value; generating, based on the first and second portions of the association data, an association feature comprising a plurality of associations between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data, wherein the plurality of associations comprises a first association between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; generating a plurality of distance parameters, wherein the plurality of distance parameters comprises a first distance parameter representing a distance between the first sub-region and the second sub-region, wherein the first distance parameter is calculated based on a first comparison score, and wherein the first comparison score represents a degree of similarity between the first hash value representing the first location of the first sub-region and the second hash value representing the second location of the second sub-region; generating a plurality of weight values corresponding to the association feature, wherein the plurality of weight values comprises a first weight value representing the first association, wherein the first weight value is calculated based on the first distance parameter and a hyperparameter, and wherein the hyperparameter comprises a numerical value associated with the association data and the first relationship between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; obtaining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region by using the plurality of weight values and the association feature; determining, based on at least the predicted effect value, a recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region; providing the target transaction code to the user device located within the recommended region; receiving, from the user device, in response to providing the target transaction code, (i) information indicative of completion of a transaction within the recommended region and (ii) subsequent payment transaction data corresponding to the transaction; and updating the association feature based on the subsequent payment transaction data. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining an estimated effect value of at least one sample sub-region; and updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on a difference between the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region and a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein updating at least one of the plurality of weight values and the association feature based on at least the estimated effect value of the sample sub-region comprises:
updating a sample sub-region whose estimated effect value is greater than a predetermined threshold to a label sub-region. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the label sub-regions comprise a region in which the target transaction code has been set; and a step of obtaining estimated effect values of setting the target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions comprises:
obtaining target transaction code usage data of a label sub-region, wherein the target transaction code usage data comprises a first quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code in the label sub-region, a first ratio of a quantity of offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of transactions for each of the first quantity of merchants in the label sub-region, and a second ratio of a quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of users in the label sub-region; and determining an estimated effect value based on the first quantity, the first ratio, and the second ratio. 22. (canceled) 23. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the association data comprises at least one second quantity, and the second quantity is a quantity of common users conducting offline network payment transactions in two sub-regions within a first predetermined time period; and
generating the association feature based on the association data comprises:
determining whether the second quantity is greater than a first predetermined threshold; and
if the second quantity is greater than the first predetermined threshold, determining an association relationship between the two sub-regions related to the second quantity to construct an association map, and determining the association map as the association feature between the multiple sub-regions. 24. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
determining whether a predicted effect value of a sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set is greater than a second predetermined threshold; determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold, determining the sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 25. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
obtaining feature data of the one or more sample sub-regions and a predetermined condition corresponding to the feature data, wherein the feature data comprises:
a third quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions within a second predetermined time period in a sample sub-region,
a fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region,
a third ratio comparing the fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region to a total quantity of merchants in the sample sub-region, or
a type of a point of interest corresponding to the sample sub-region;
determining a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than a second predetermined threshold and at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition; and responsive to determining the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition, determining the sample sub-region as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 26. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: dividing a target region to obtain multiple sub-regions wherein the multiple sub-regions comprise one or more label sub-regions with known target transaction code setting effects and one or more sample sub-regions with unknown target transaction code setting effects; generating a hash value for each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions based on a hash function and a location of each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions, wherein each sub-region of the multiple sub-regions corresponds to a different hash value represented by a unique code string, and wherein proximity of two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions is determined based on a comparison score representing a degree of similarity between two or more hash values corresponding to the two or more sub-regions of the multiple sub-regions; obtaining, over a network from a user device, a first portion of association data among the multiple sub-regions, the first portion of the association data comprising payment transaction data related to the user device scanning a target transaction code; obtaining, a second portion of the association data among the multiple sub-regions, wherein the second portion of the association data comprises a first relationship between a first sub-region where the target transaction code has been set and a second sub-region where the target transaction code has not been set, and wherein the first sub-region corresponds to a first location represented by a first hash value and the second sub-region corresponds to a second location represented by a second hash value; generating, based on the first and second portions of the association data, an association feature comprising a plurality of associations between the multiple sub-regions based on the association data, wherein the plurality of associations comprises a first association between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; generating a plurality of distance parameters, wherein the plurality of distance parameters comprises a first distance parameter representing a distance between the first sub-region and the second sub-region, wherein the first distance parameter is calculated based on a first comparison score, and wherein the first comparison score represents a degree of similarity between the first hash value representing the first location of the first sub-region and the second hash value representing the second location of the second sub-region; generating a plurality of weight values corresponding to the association feature, wherein the plurality of weight values comprises a first weight value representing the first association, wherein the first weight value is calculated based on the first distance parameter and a hyperparameter, and wherein the hyperparameter comprises a numerical value associated with the association data and the first relationship between the first sub-region and the second sub-region; obtaining a predicted effect value of setting the target transaction code in the second sub-region by using the plurality of weight values and the association feature; determining, based on at least the predicted effect value, a recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region; providing the target transaction code to the user device located within the recommended region; receiving, from the user device, in response to providing the target transaction code, (i) information indicative of completion of a transaction within the recommended region and (ii) subsequent payment transaction data corresponding to the transaction; and updating the association feature based on the subsequent payment transaction data. 27. The computer-implemented system of claim 26, wherein the label sub-regions comprise a region in which the target transaction code has been set; and a step of obtaining estimated effect values of setting the target transaction code in the one or more label sub-regions comprises:
obtaining target transaction code usage data of a label sub-region, wherein the target transaction code usage data comprises a first quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code in the label sub-region, a first ratio of a quantity of offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of transactions for each of the first quantity of merchants in the label sub-region, and a second ratio of a quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions using the target transaction code to a total quantity of users in the label sub-region; and determining an estimated effect value based on the first quantity, the first ratio, and the second ratio. 28. (canceled) 29. The computer-implemented system of claim 26, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
determining whether a predicted effect value of a sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set is greater than a second predetermined threshold; determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold, determining the sample sub-region in which no target transaction code has been set as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. 30. The computer-implemented system of claim 26, wherein determining based on at least the predicted effect value, the recommended region, wherein the recommended region comprises the second sub-region comprises:
obtaining feature data of the one or more sample sub-regions and a predetermined condition corresponding to the feature data, wherein the feature data comprises:
a third quantity of users conducting offline network payment transactions within a second predetermined time period in a sample sub-region,
a fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region,
a third ratio comparing the fourth quantity of merchants conducting offline network payment transactions within the second predetermined time period in the sample sub-region to a total quantity of merchants in the sample sub-region, or
a type of a point of interest corresponding to the sample sub-region;
determining a predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than a second predetermined threshold and at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition; and responsive to determining the predicted effect value of the sample sub-region is greater than the second predetermined threshold and the at least one type of feature data satisfies the predetermined condition, determining the sample sub-region as the recommended region for setting the target transaction code. | 3,700 |
343,644 | 16,803,082 | 3,741 | The present disclosure relates to an XR device and a method for controlling the same, which may be applied to all of a 5G communication technology field, a robot technology field, an autonomous driving technology field, and an AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology field. An XR device according to the present disclosure includes a display, a camera for receiving an image including a finger pose of a user performed in air in front of the display displaying a content, and a processor that controls the content to perform an operation corresponding to a change pattern of the finger pose, when the change pattern of the finger pose for the content corresponds to at least one preset pattern based on the image received through the camera. | 1. An XR device, comprising:
a display; a camera configured to receive an image including a finger pose of a user performed in air in front of the display displaying a content; and a processor operably coupled with the display and the camera, and configured to: control the content to perform an operation corresponding to a change pattern of the finger pose, when the change pattern of the finger pose for the content corresponds to at least one preset pattern based on the image received through the camera, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of a first finger and a second finger of the user is in a first pose, and, subsequently, changes to a second pose within a preset time duration, identify first coordinates of the first and second fingers in the first pose, identify a first distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the first coordinates, identify second coordinates of the first and second fingers in the second pose, and identify a second distance between the first finger and the second finger in the second pose based on the second coordinates, and determine that the first pose is changed to the second pose when a difference value between the first distance and the second distance is equal to or greater than a preset difference value. 2. (canceled) 3. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; and determine that the first pose is changed to the second pose when the first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions. 4. (canceled) 5. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and, subsequently, changes to the second pose within the preset time duration, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose within the preset time duration. 6. The XR device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; determine that the first pose is changed to the second pose when the first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions; identify third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose; identify a third vector of the first finger and a fourth vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose based on a difference between the second coordinates and the third coordinates; and determine that the second pose is changed to the first pose when the third vector and the fourth vector are in opposite directions. 7. The XR device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose; identify a third distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the third coordinates; and determine that the second pose is changed to the first pose when a difference value between the second distance and the third distance is equal to or greater than the preset difference value. 8. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed to a specific position. 9. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. 10. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the finger pose includes a pose in which the first and second fingers of a first hand of the user and third and fourth fingers of a second hand are combined with each other, and
wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of the first and second fingers of the first hand and a pose of the third and fourth fingers of the second hand are in the same first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change to the same second pose different from the first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change back to the same first pose. 11. A method for controlling an device, the method comprising:
receiving, through a camera, an image including a finger pose of a user performed in air in front of a display displaying a content; recognizing a change pattern of a finger pose for the content based on the image, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of a first finger and a second finger of the user is in a first pose, and, subsequently, changes to a second pose within a preset time duration; controlling the content to perform an operation corresponding to the change pattern of the finger pose, when the change pattern of the finger pose for the content corresponds to at least one preset pattern; identifying first coordinates of the first and second fingers in the first pose; identifying a first distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the first coordinates; identifying second coordinates of the first and second fingers in the second pose, and identifying a second distance between the first finger and the second finger in the second pose based on the second coordinates; and determining that the first pose is changed to the second pose when a difference value between the first distance and the second distance is equal to or greater than a preset difference value. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing the change pattern of the first pose includes:
identifying a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; and determining that the first pose is changed to the second pose when e first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions. 14. (canceled) 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and, subsequently, changes to the second pose within the preset time duration, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose within the preset time duration. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the recognizing of the change pattern of the first pose includes:
identifying a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; determining that the first pose is changed to the second pose when the first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions; identifying third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose; identifying a third vector of the first finger and a fourth vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose based on a difference between the second coordinates and the third coordinates; and determining that the second pose is changed to the first pose when the third vector and the fourth vector are in opposite directions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the recognizing the change pattern of the first pose includes:
identifying third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose, and identifying a third distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the third coordinates; and determining that the second pose is changed to the first pose when a difference value between the second distance and the third distance is equal to or greater than the preset difference value. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed to a specific position. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the finger pose includes a pose in which the first and second fingers of a first hand of the user and third and fourth fingers of a second hand are combined with each other, and
wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of the first and second fingers of the first hand and a pose of the third and fourth fingers of the second hand are in the same first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change to the same second pose different from the first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change back to the same first pose. | The present disclosure relates to an XR device and a method for controlling the same, which may be applied to all of a 5G communication technology field, a robot technology field, an autonomous driving technology field, and an AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology field. An XR device according to the present disclosure includes a display, a camera for receiving an image including a finger pose of a user performed in air in front of the display displaying a content, and a processor that controls the content to perform an operation corresponding to a change pattern of the finger pose, when the change pattern of the finger pose for the content corresponds to at least one preset pattern based on the image received through the camera.1. An XR device, comprising:
a display; a camera configured to receive an image including a finger pose of a user performed in air in front of the display displaying a content; and a processor operably coupled with the display and the camera, and configured to: control the content to perform an operation corresponding to a change pattern of the finger pose, when the change pattern of the finger pose for the content corresponds to at least one preset pattern based on the image received through the camera, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of a first finger and a second finger of the user is in a first pose, and, subsequently, changes to a second pose within a preset time duration, identify first coordinates of the first and second fingers in the first pose, identify a first distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the first coordinates, identify second coordinates of the first and second fingers in the second pose, and identify a second distance between the first finger and the second finger in the second pose based on the second coordinates, and determine that the first pose is changed to the second pose when a difference value between the first distance and the second distance is equal to or greater than a preset difference value. 2. (canceled) 3. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; and determine that the first pose is changed to the second pose when the first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions. 4. (canceled) 5. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and, subsequently, changes to the second pose within the preset time duration, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose within the preset time duration. 6. The XR device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; determine that the first pose is changed to the second pose when the first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions; identify third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose; identify a third vector of the first finger and a fourth vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose based on a difference between the second coordinates and the third coordinates; and determine that the second pose is changed to the first pose when the third vector and the fourth vector are in opposite directions. 7. The XR device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose; identify a third distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the third coordinates; and determine that the second pose is changed to the first pose when a difference value between the second distance and the third distance is equal to or greater than the preset difference value. 8. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed to a specific position. 9. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. 10. The XR device of claim 1, wherein the finger pose includes a pose in which the first and second fingers of a first hand of the user and third and fourth fingers of a second hand are combined with each other, and
wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of the first and second fingers of the first hand and a pose of the third and fourth fingers of the second hand are in the same first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change to the same second pose different from the first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change back to the same first pose. 11. A method for controlling an device, the method comprising:
receiving, through a camera, an image including a finger pose of a user performed in air in front of a display displaying a content; recognizing a change pattern of a finger pose for the content based on the image, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of a first finger and a second finger of the user is in a first pose, and, subsequently, changes to a second pose within a preset time duration; controlling the content to perform an operation corresponding to the change pattern of the finger pose, when the change pattern of the finger pose for the content corresponds to at least one preset pattern; identifying first coordinates of the first and second fingers in the first pose; identifying a first distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the first coordinates; identifying second coordinates of the first and second fingers in the second pose, and identifying a second distance between the first finger and the second finger in the second pose based on the second coordinates; and determining that the first pose is changed to the second pose when a difference value between the first distance and the second distance is equal to or greater than a preset difference value. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the recognizing the change pattern of the first pose includes:
identifying a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; and determining that the first pose is changed to the second pose when e first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions. 14. (canceled) 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and, subsequently, changes to the second pose within the preset time duration, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose within the preset time duration. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the recognizing of the change pattern of the first pose includes:
identifying a first vector of the first finger and a second vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose based on a difference between the first coordinates and the second coordinates; determining that the first pose is changed to the second pose when the first vector and the second vector are in opposite directions; identifying third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose; identifying a third vector of the first finger and a fourth vector of the second finger when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose based on a difference between the second coordinates and the third coordinates; and determining that the second pose is changed to the first pose when the third vector and the fourth vector are in opposite directions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the recognizing the change pattern of the first pose includes:
identifying third coordinates of the first finger and the second finger in the first pose when the first pose is changed to the second pose and then changed back to the first pose, and identifying a third distance between the first finger and the second finger in the first pose based on the third coordinates; and determining that the second pose is changed to the first pose when a difference value between the second distance and the third distance is equal to or greater than the preset difference value. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed to a specific position. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes the first pose, and subsequently, changes to the second pose, and, subsequently, changes back to the first pose after a position of the second pose is changed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the finger pose includes a pose in which the first and second fingers of a first hand of the user and third and fourth fingers of a second hand are combined with each other, and
wherein the change pattern of the finger pose includes a pattern in which a pose of the first and second fingers of the first hand and a pose of the third and fourth fingers of the second hand are in the same first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change to the same second pose different from the first pose, and, subsequently, within the preset time duration, change back to the same first pose. | 3,700 |
343,645 | 16,803,091 | 3,741 | A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle includes a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle, a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor, and a road surface determination unit that determines whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies a predetermined condition. During execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to a traveling road when the road surface determination unit determines that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition, and otherwise causes the vehicle to stay on the traveling road. | 1. A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, the control device comprising:
a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle; a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor; and a road surface determination unit that determines whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies a predetermined condition, wherein during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit
moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to a traveling road, when the road surface determination unit determines that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition, and
causes the vehicle to stay on the traveling road when the road surface determination unit determines that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling does not satisfy the predetermined condition. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition includes that the road surface is not a low μ road. 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the road surface determination unit determines whether the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition based on at least one of
a detection result of an internal sensor of the vehicle,
a detection result of an external sensor of the vehicle, and/or
a communication content that the vehicle communicates with an outside. 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit stops the vehicle in a position deviating from a center of a lane of a traveling road, when stopping the vehicle on the traveling road in the stop transition control. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit stops the vehicle in a position avoiding wheel marks on a traveling road when stopping the vehicle on the traveling road in the stop transition control. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit performs stop holding control after stopping the vehicle. 7. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit performs deceleration control depending on presence or absence of a following vehicle in the stop transition control. 8. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit starts the stop transition control after performing driving handover notification to a driver of the vehicle. 9. A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, the control device comprising:
a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle; a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor; and a road surface determination unit that determines whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is a low μ road, wherein during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit
limits an amount of movement of a lateral position of a stop position, or limits a speed of movement when the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is determined as a low μ road, as compared with a case where the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is not determined as the low μ road. 10. A vehicle, comprising:
the control device according to claim 1, and an actuator group controlled by the travel control unit of the control device. 11. A vehicle, comprising:
the control device according to claim 9, and an actuator group controlled by the travel control unit of the control device. 12. A control method of a vehicle including a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle, and performing travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor, the method comprising:
determining whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies a predetermined condition; and during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle,
moving the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to a traveling road, when it is determined that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition, and
causing the vehicle to stay on the traveling road when it is determined that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling does not satisfy the predetermined condition. 13. A control method of a vehicle including a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle, and performing travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor, the method comprising:
determining whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is a low μ road; and during stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle,
limiting an amount of movement of a lateral position of a stop position or limiting a speed of movement when the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is determined as a low μ road, as compared with a case where the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is not determined as the low μ road. | A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle includes a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle, a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor, and a road surface determination unit that determines whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies a predetermined condition. During execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to a traveling road when the road surface determination unit determines that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition, and otherwise causes the vehicle to stay on the traveling road.1. A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, the control device comprising:
a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle; a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor; and a road surface determination unit that determines whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies a predetermined condition, wherein during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit
moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to a traveling road, when the road surface determination unit determines that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition, and
causes the vehicle to stay on the traveling road when the road surface determination unit determines that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling does not satisfy the predetermined condition. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition includes that the road surface is not a low μ road. 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the road surface determination unit determines whether the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition based on at least one of
a detection result of an internal sensor of the vehicle,
a detection result of an external sensor of the vehicle, and/or
a communication content that the vehicle communicates with an outside. 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit stops the vehicle in a position deviating from a center of a lane of a traveling road, when stopping the vehicle on the traveling road in the stop transition control. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit stops the vehicle in a position avoiding wheel marks on a traveling road when stopping the vehicle on the traveling road in the stop transition control. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit performs stop holding control after stopping the vehicle. 7. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit performs deceleration control depending on presence or absence of a following vehicle in the stop transition control. 8. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit starts the stop transition control after performing driving handover notification to a driver of the vehicle. 9. A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, the control device comprising:
a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle; a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor; and a road surface determination unit that determines whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is a low μ road, wherein during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit
limits an amount of movement of a lateral position of a stop position, or limits a speed of movement when the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is determined as a low μ road, as compared with a case where the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is not determined as the low μ road. 10. A vehicle, comprising:
the control device according to claim 1, and an actuator group controlled by the travel control unit of the control device. 11. A vehicle, comprising:
the control device according to claim 9, and an actuator group controlled by the travel control unit of the control device. 12. A control method of a vehicle including a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle, and performing travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor, the method comprising:
determining whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies a predetermined condition; and during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle,
moving the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to a traveling road, when it is determined that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling satisfies the predetermined condition, and
causing the vehicle to stay on the traveling road when it is determined that the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling does not satisfy the predetermined condition. 13. A control method of a vehicle including a sensor that detects a state of the vehicle and a situation around the vehicle, and performing travel control for automated driving based on detection results of the sensor, the method comprising:
determining whether a road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is a low μ road; and during stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle,
limiting an amount of movement of a lateral position of a stop position or limiting a speed of movement when the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is determined as a low μ road, as compared with a case where the road surface on which the vehicle is traveling is not determined as the low μ road. | 3,700 |
343,646 | 16,803,065 | 3,741 | A method for producing or assembling a product which includes at least two components, for example a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle module, by at least two fixing parts. The first fixing part is formed as a female part and the second fixing part is formed as a male part. The components disposed at a processing station and the first fixing part are measured by a measuring device, for example by a stationary camera or a camera fastened on a first or a second manipulator or photogrammetry bar having three cameras, and a deviation from a target geometry or target position is determined, and a corrected target position of the second fixing part is calculated on the basis of the determined deviation, such that the second fixing part is joined together with the first fixing part by the first manipulator and the product is thus produced. | 1. A method for producing a product including at least two components, comprising the acts of:
a. measuring an actual geometry of a first component and an actual position of a first fixing part disposed on the first component and/or measuring an actual geometry of a second component to be joined with the first component; b. comparing the actual geometry of the first component and the actual position of the first fixing part on the first component to a target geometry of the first component or a target position of the first fixing part stored in a control unit and/or comparing of the actual geometry of the second component to a target geometry of the second component stored in the control unit; c. determining a deviation or an agreement of the actual geometry with the target geometry of the first component or of the actual position with the target position of the first fixing part and/or determining a deviation or an agreement of the actual geometry with the target geometry of the second component; d. calculating a target position of a second fixing part to be disposed on the second component by the control unit at least in dependence on the deviation or agreement of the actual geometry with the target geometry of the first component, the actual position with the target position of the first fixing part, and the actual geometry with the target geometry of the second component; and e. arranging the second fixing part in the target position of the second fixing part at or on the second component. 2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the acts of:
disposing the first component and/or the second component on a processing station of a processing system; and
joining the first component to the second component by disposing the first fixing part on the second fixing part. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the target position of the second fixing part on the second component by the control unit is performed at least in dependence on a deviation or an agreement of an actual geometry relative to a target geometry of a third component and/or a deviation or an agreement of an actual position relative to a target position of a third fixing part, which form the product together with the first component and the second component. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein an act of disposing of the first fixing part on the first component, the disposing of the second fixing part on the second component, and/or the joining of the first component to the second component is performed by a first manipulator of the processing system. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first manipulator is a human being or a robot. 6. The method according to claim 4 further comprising the act of detecting of an actual geometry of the first manipulator and an actual position of the first manipulator on the first and/or the second component. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the actual position of the first manipulator is detected when disposing the first fixing part on the first component and/or when disposing the second fixing part on the second component. 8. The method according to claim 6 further comprising the act of actuating of the first manipulator to reach the target position of the second fixing part by the control unit at least in dependence on the actual geometry of the first manipulator and/or the actual position of the first manipulator on the first and/or the second component. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the measuring of the actual geometry of the first component, the measuring of the actual position of the first fixing part on the first component, the measuring of the actual geometry of the second component and/or the detecting of the actual position of the first manipulator when disposing the first fixing part on the first component and/or when disposing the second fixing part on the second component is performed by a stationary measuring device and/or a measuring device disposed on a second manipulator or the first manipulator which is disposing the first and second fixing parts on the first and second components. 10. The method according to claim 9 further comprising the act of measuring of the product by the measuring device. 11. A processing system to carry out the method according to claim 1, comprising:
a processing station at which or on which the first component and/or the second component is arrangeable; a first manipulator for handling and/or processing the first component and/or the second component and for disposing the first fixing part on the first component and/or the second fixing part on the second component; a measuring device for measuring the first component, the second component, the first fixing part and/or the second fixing part; and the control unit, wherein the first manipulator is actuatable by the control unit under metering. 12. A product, comprising:
a first component and a second component joined to the first component; wherein the product is produced by the method according to claim 1 and/or wherein the product is manufactured in or at a processing system according to claim 11. | A method for producing or assembling a product which includes at least two components, for example a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle module, by at least two fixing parts. The first fixing part is formed as a female part and the second fixing part is formed as a male part. The components disposed at a processing station and the first fixing part are measured by a measuring device, for example by a stationary camera or a camera fastened on a first or a second manipulator or photogrammetry bar having three cameras, and a deviation from a target geometry or target position is determined, and a corrected target position of the second fixing part is calculated on the basis of the determined deviation, such that the second fixing part is joined together with the first fixing part by the first manipulator and the product is thus produced.1. A method for producing a product including at least two components, comprising the acts of:
a. measuring an actual geometry of a first component and an actual position of a first fixing part disposed on the first component and/or measuring an actual geometry of a second component to be joined with the first component; b. comparing the actual geometry of the first component and the actual position of the first fixing part on the first component to a target geometry of the first component or a target position of the first fixing part stored in a control unit and/or comparing of the actual geometry of the second component to a target geometry of the second component stored in the control unit; c. determining a deviation or an agreement of the actual geometry with the target geometry of the first component or of the actual position with the target position of the first fixing part and/or determining a deviation or an agreement of the actual geometry with the target geometry of the second component; d. calculating a target position of a second fixing part to be disposed on the second component by the control unit at least in dependence on the deviation or agreement of the actual geometry with the target geometry of the first component, the actual position with the target position of the first fixing part, and the actual geometry with the target geometry of the second component; and e. arranging the second fixing part in the target position of the second fixing part at or on the second component. 2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the acts of:
disposing the first component and/or the second component on a processing station of a processing system; and
joining the first component to the second component by disposing the first fixing part on the second fixing part. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the target position of the second fixing part on the second component by the control unit is performed at least in dependence on a deviation or an agreement of an actual geometry relative to a target geometry of a third component and/or a deviation or an agreement of an actual position relative to a target position of a third fixing part, which form the product together with the first component and the second component. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein an act of disposing of the first fixing part on the first component, the disposing of the second fixing part on the second component, and/or the joining of the first component to the second component is performed by a first manipulator of the processing system. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first manipulator is a human being or a robot. 6. The method according to claim 4 further comprising the act of detecting of an actual geometry of the first manipulator and an actual position of the first manipulator on the first and/or the second component. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the actual position of the first manipulator is detected when disposing the first fixing part on the first component and/or when disposing the second fixing part on the second component. 8. The method according to claim 6 further comprising the act of actuating of the first manipulator to reach the target position of the second fixing part by the control unit at least in dependence on the actual geometry of the first manipulator and/or the actual position of the first manipulator on the first and/or the second component. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the measuring of the actual geometry of the first component, the measuring of the actual position of the first fixing part on the first component, the measuring of the actual geometry of the second component and/or the detecting of the actual position of the first manipulator when disposing the first fixing part on the first component and/or when disposing the second fixing part on the second component is performed by a stationary measuring device and/or a measuring device disposed on a second manipulator or the first manipulator which is disposing the first and second fixing parts on the first and second components. 10. The method according to claim 9 further comprising the act of measuring of the product by the measuring device. 11. A processing system to carry out the method according to claim 1, comprising:
a processing station at which or on which the first component and/or the second component is arrangeable; a first manipulator for handling and/or processing the first component and/or the second component and for disposing the first fixing part on the first component and/or the second fixing part on the second component; a measuring device for measuring the first component, the second component, the first fixing part and/or the second fixing part; and the control unit, wherein the first manipulator is actuatable by the control unit under metering. 12. A product, comprising:
a first component and a second component joined to the first component; wherein the product is produced by the method according to claim 1 and/or wherein the product is manufactured in or at a processing system according to claim 11. | 3,700 |
343,647 | 16,803,080 | 3,741 | A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle includes a sensor that detects a situation around the vehicle, and a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor. During execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit causes the vehicle to stay on a traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or a state of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition, and moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to the traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or the state of the vehicle does not satisfy the predetermined condition. | 1. A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, the control device comprising:
a sensor that detects a situation around the vehicle; and a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor, wherein during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit
causes the vehicle to stay on a traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or a state of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition, and
moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to the traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or the state of the vehicle does not satisfy the predetermined condition. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined condition includes at least one of facts that the off-road area adjacent to the traveling road cannot be detected, that presence of an obstacle in the off-road area adjacent to the traveling road is detected, and/or that control performance of the vehicle is degraded. 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the travel control unit performs stop holding control after stopping the vehicle. 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the travel control unit performs deceleration control depending on presence or absence of a following vehicle in the stop transition control. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit starts the stop transition control after performing driving handover notification to a driver of the vehicle. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
when the travel control unit stops the vehicle on the traveling road in the stop transition control, the travel control unit
stops the vehicle in a position deviated from a center of a lane of the traveling road when control performance of the vehicle is not degraded, and
stops the vehicle in the center of the lane of the traveling road when control performance of the vehicle is degraded. 7. A vehicle, comprising:
the control device according to claim 1, and an actuator group controlled by the travel control unit of the control device. 8. A control method of a vehicle including a sensor that detects a situation around the vehicle, and performing travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor, the method comprising:
during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle,
causing the vehicle to stay on a traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or a state of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition, and
moving the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to the traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or the state of the vehicle does not satisfy the predetermined condition. | A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle includes a sensor that detects a situation around the vehicle, and a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor. During execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit causes the vehicle to stay on a traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or a state of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition, and moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to the traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or the state of the vehicle does not satisfy the predetermined condition.1. A control device that performs travel control of a vehicle, the control device comprising:
a sensor that detects a situation around the vehicle; and a travel control unit that performs travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor, wherein during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle, the travel control unit
causes the vehicle to stay on a traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or a state of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition, and
moves the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to the traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or the state of the vehicle does not satisfy the predetermined condition. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined condition includes at least one of facts that the off-road area adjacent to the traveling road cannot be detected, that presence of an obstacle in the off-road area adjacent to the traveling road is detected, and/or that control performance of the vehicle is degraded. 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the travel control unit performs stop holding control after stopping the vehicle. 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the travel control unit performs deceleration control depending on presence or absence of a following vehicle in the stop transition control. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the travel control unit starts the stop transition control after performing driving handover notification to a driver of the vehicle. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
when the travel control unit stops the vehicle on the traveling road in the stop transition control, the travel control unit
stops the vehicle in a position deviated from a center of a lane of the traveling road when control performance of the vehicle is not degraded, and
stops the vehicle in the center of the lane of the traveling road when control performance of the vehicle is degraded. 7. A vehicle, comprising:
the control device according to claim 1, and an actuator group controlled by the travel control unit of the control device. 8. A control method of a vehicle including a sensor that detects a situation around the vehicle, and performing travel control for automated driving based on a detection result of the sensor, the method comprising:
during execution of stop transition control of decelerating or stopping the vehicle,
causing the vehicle to stay on a traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or a state of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined condition, and
moving the vehicle to an off-road area adjacent to the traveling road when the detection result of the sensor or the state of the vehicle does not satisfy the predetermined condition. | 3,700 |
343,648 | 16,803,005 | 3,741 | A method and system of providing therapy to a patient's uterus is provided, which can include any number of features. The method can include the steps of inserting a uterine device into the uterus and performing a uterine integrity test to determine that the uterus is intact and not perforated. If it is determined that the uterus is not perforated, a patency test can be performed to determine that the uterine device is not clogged or embedded in tissue. If the uterus is intact and the device is not clogged or embedded in tissue, the uterus can be treated with the uterine device, e.g., uterine ablation. Systems for performing these methods are also disclosed. | 1. A method of performing a procedure on a uterus of a patient, comprising the steps of:
inflating the uterus with a gas/fluid from a uterine ablation device; performing an integrity test with the uterine ablation device to determine if the uterus is sealed; controlling a valve disposed in an outflow lumen of the uterine ablation device to allow gas/fluid to flow out of the uterus at a flow rate between 5 ml/min and 40 ml/min; and while the gas/fluid is flowing out of the uterus at the flow rate, performing a patency test with the uterine ablation device to determine if the uterine ablation device is clogged or embedded into tissue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling step further comprises partially opening the valve disposed within the outflow lumen. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein partially opening comprises partially opening the valve in the range of 20-50% open. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling step further comprises:
pulsing the opening of the valve rapidly until flow of gas/fluid begins through the outflow lumen; and lowering a duty cycle of the valve after flow of gas/fluid begins. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the valve comprises a balloon. | A method and system of providing therapy to a patient's uterus is provided, which can include any number of features. The method can include the steps of inserting a uterine device into the uterus and performing a uterine integrity test to determine that the uterus is intact and not perforated. If it is determined that the uterus is not perforated, a patency test can be performed to determine that the uterine device is not clogged or embedded in tissue. If the uterus is intact and the device is not clogged or embedded in tissue, the uterus can be treated with the uterine device, e.g., uterine ablation. Systems for performing these methods are also disclosed.1. A method of performing a procedure on a uterus of a patient, comprising the steps of:
inflating the uterus with a gas/fluid from a uterine ablation device; performing an integrity test with the uterine ablation device to determine if the uterus is sealed; controlling a valve disposed in an outflow lumen of the uterine ablation device to allow gas/fluid to flow out of the uterus at a flow rate between 5 ml/min and 40 ml/min; and while the gas/fluid is flowing out of the uterus at the flow rate, performing a patency test with the uterine ablation device to determine if the uterine ablation device is clogged or embedded into tissue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling step further comprises partially opening the valve disposed within the outflow lumen. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein partially opening comprises partially opening the valve in the range of 20-50% open. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling step further comprises:
pulsing the opening of the valve rapidly until flow of gas/fluid begins through the outflow lumen; and lowering a duty cycle of the valve after flow of gas/fluid begins. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the valve comprises a balloon. | 3,700 |
343,649 | 16,803,076 | 3,741 | Systems and techniques that facilitate Hamiltonian simulation based on simultaneous-diagonalization are provided. In various embodiments, a partition component can partition one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators. In various embodiments, a diagonalization component can generate one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets. In various aspects, a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits can diagonalize the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. In various embodiments, an exponentiation component can generate one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets. In various aspects, a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits can exponentiate the simultaneously diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. In various embodiments, a simulation component can concatenate the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets to simulate a time evolution of the Hamiltonian. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor, operably coupled to a memory, that executes computer-executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer-executable components comprise:
a partition component that partitions one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators; and
a diagonalization component that generates one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits diagonalizes the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an exponentiation component that generates one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits exponentiates the diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a simulation component that simulates a time evolution of the Hamiltonian based on concatenation of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the partition component partitions the one or more Pauli operators based on sequential greedy partitioning. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the diagonalization component generates the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits by representing the one or more subsets in one or more tableaus respectively comprising one or more X-blocks and one or more Z-blocks. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the diagonalization component generates the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits by diagonalizing and clearing the one or more X-blocks via Clifford operators and row and column manipulations. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the diagonalization component updates the one or more Z-blocks via pairwise elimination, elimination by CNOT operations, or column-based elimination, such that nonzero columns in the one or more X-blocks correspond to zeros or identical columns in the one or more Z-blocks. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the diagonalization component clears the one or more X-blocks by applying Hadamard and phase gates. 9. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
partitioning, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators; and generating, by the device, one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits diagonalizes the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating, by the device, one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits exponentiates the diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
simulating, by the device, a time evolution of the Hamiltonian based on concatenation of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the partitioning the one or more Pauli operators is based on sequential greedy partitioning. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes representing, by the device, the one or more subsets in one or more tableaus respectively comprising one or more X-blocks and one or more Z-blocks. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes diagonalizing and clearing, by the device, the one or more X-blocks via Clifford operators and row and column manipulations. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes updating, by the device, the one or more Z-blocks via pairwise elimination, elimination by CNOT operations, or column-based elimination, such that nonzero columns in the one or more X-blocks correspond to zeros or identical columns in the one or more Z-blocks. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes clearing, by the device, the one or more X-blocks by applying Hadamard and phase gates. 17. A computer program product for facilitating Hamiltonian simulation based on simultaneous-diagonalization, the computer program product comprising a computer readable memory having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
partition, by the processor, one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators; and generate, by the processor, one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits diagonalizes the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
generate, by the processor, one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits exponentiates the diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
simulate, by the processor, a time evolution of the Hamiltonian based on concatenation of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to partition the one or more Pauli operators based on sequential greedy partitioning. | Systems and techniques that facilitate Hamiltonian simulation based on simultaneous-diagonalization are provided. In various embodiments, a partition component can partition one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators. In various embodiments, a diagonalization component can generate one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets. In various aspects, a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits can diagonalize the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. In various embodiments, an exponentiation component can generate one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets. In various aspects, a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits can exponentiate the simultaneously diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. In various embodiments, a simulation component can concatenate the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets to simulate a time evolution of the Hamiltonian.1. A system, comprising:
a processor, operably coupled to a memory, that executes computer-executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer-executable components comprise:
a partition component that partitions one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators; and
a diagonalization component that generates one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits diagonalizes the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an exponentiation component that generates one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits exponentiates the diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a simulation component that simulates a time evolution of the Hamiltonian based on concatenation of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the partition component partitions the one or more Pauli operators based on sequential greedy partitioning. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the diagonalization component generates the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits by representing the one or more subsets in one or more tableaus respectively comprising one or more X-blocks and one or more Z-blocks. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the diagonalization component generates the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits by diagonalizing and clearing the one or more X-blocks via Clifford operators and row and column manipulations. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the diagonalization component updates the one or more Z-blocks via pairwise elimination, elimination by CNOT operations, or column-based elimination, such that nonzero columns in the one or more X-blocks correspond to zeros or identical columns in the one or more Z-blocks. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the diagonalization component clears the one or more X-blocks by applying Hadamard and phase gates. 9. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
partitioning, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators; and generating, by the device, one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits diagonalizes the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating, by the device, one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits exponentiates the diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
simulating, by the device, a time evolution of the Hamiltonian based on concatenation of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the partitioning the one or more Pauli operators is based on sequential greedy partitioning. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes representing, by the device, the one or more subsets in one or more tableaus respectively comprising one or more X-blocks and one or more Z-blocks. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes diagonalizing and clearing, by the device, the one or more X-blocks via Clifford operators and row and column manipulations. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes updating, by the device, the one or more Z-blocks via pairwise elimination, elimination by CNOT operations, or column-based elimination, such that nonzero columns in the one or more X-blocks correspond to zeros or identical columns in the one or more Z-blocks. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the generating the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits includes clearing, by the device, the one or more X-blocks by applying Hadamard and phase gates. 17. A computer program product for facilitating Hamiltonian simulation based on simultaneous-diagonalization, the computer program product comprising a computer readable memory having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
partition, by the processor, one or more Pauli operators of a Hamiltonian into one or more subsets of commuting Pauli operators; and generate, by the processor, one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits diagonalizes the commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
generate, by the processor, one or more exponentiation circuits corresponding to the one or more subsets, wherein a one of the one or more exponentiation circuits exponentiates the diagonalized commuting Pauli operators in a corresponding one of the one or more subsets. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
simulate, by the processor, a time evolution of the Hamiltonian based on concatenation of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits, the one or more exponentiation circuits, and one or more adjoints of the one or more simultaneous-diagonalization circuits of the one or more subsets. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to partition the one or more Pauli operators based on sequential greedy partitioning. | 3,700 |
343,650 | 16,803,072 | 3,741 | The invention relates to a foil-based package with at least one foil substrate having an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon which is patterned to provide a first electrically conducting portion and a second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and a third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, the first electrically conducting portion being arranged between the second and third electrically conducting portions. In accordance with the invention, the first electrically conducting portion is implemented to be a signal-guiding waveguide for high-frequency signals and the second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and the third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, form an equipotential surface. | 1. A foil-based package comprising:
at least one foil substrate comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon which is patterned to provide a first electrically conducting portion and a second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and a third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, the first electrically conducting portion being arranged between the second and third electrically conducting portions, at least one electronic device comprising a device terminal side which comprises at least a first device terminal pad, wherein the at least one electronic device is mounted on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal side of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side and spaced apart laterally from the electronic device, for electrically contacting the package, wherein at least a first package terminal pad is in contact with the first electrically conducting portion so that the result is a signal path between the first package terminal pad and the first electrically conducting portion and the first device terminal pad, wherein the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the first package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion where the first package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion where the electronic device is located, the first foil portion and the second foil portion extending along a common foil plane, and a casting compound arranged between the first foil portion and the second foil portion, the casting compound enclosing the plurality of package terminal pads and covering the at least one electronic device and dividing same from the environment, wherein the first electrically conducting portion is implemented to be a signal-guiding waveguide for high-frequency signals, and wherein the second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and the third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, form an equipotential surface. 2. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the foil substrate comprises a foil layer thickness DF of less than 130 μm, and/or wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises a layer thickness DL of less than 20 μm, and/or wherein the electronic device comprises an element thickness DC of less than 60 μm, and/or wherein the foil-based package comprises an overall thickness DP of less than 300 μm. 3. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first electrically conducting portion is at a first electrical potential, and wherein the second electrically conducting portion and the third electrically conducting portion are at a common second electrical potential which differs from the first electrical potential. 4. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive layer is arranged over the entire area on that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device and forms a ground-signal-ground configuration relative to the electrically conducting portions, in which the second and third electrically conducting portions form a ground equipotential surface which is coplanar to the signal-guiding first electrically conducting portion. 5. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first electrically conducting portion is electrically insulated each from the second electrically conducting portion and the third electrically conducting portion. 6. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the signal-guiding first electrically conducting portion is dimensioned such that the result is wave impedance matching for high-frequency signals in the range of 500 MHz or more. 7. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive layer is additionally patterned to provide a fourth electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, wherein the fourth electrically conducting portion, as a signal-guiding waveguide, is connected to a second device terminal pad and a second package terminal pad, and wherein, despite the different spacing between the first and second package pads and the electronic device, the geometrical length of the first electrically conducting portion and the geometrical length of the fourth electrically conducting portion are equal due to different shaping. 8. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein a barrier coating for protection against humidity or electromagnetic radiation is arranged on a side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device. 9. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein an electrically conductive coating is arranged on a side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, said electrically conductive coating providing a ground equipotential surface. 10. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 9, wherein the electrically conductive coating is connected to at least one grounded portion of the electrically conductive layer either capacitively or electrically through the foil substrate by means of a through contacting. 11. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first package terminal pad comprises a terminal area facing away from the foil substrate, the first package terminal pad extending from the electrically conductive layer, in a direction perpendicular to the foil plane, across a structural height of the electronic device, the result being a difference in height AH between the electronic device and the terminal area of the first package terminal pad, and wherein the casting compound is arranged between the electronic device and the terminal area of the first package terminal pad. 12. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package comprising an opening extending completely through the foil substrate to the electronic device so that the electronic device can be brought into contact with an environment through this opening, at least in portions. 13. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 12, wherein the electronic device comprises a sensor portion configured to provide a sensor functionality based on contacting to a medium present in the environment, wherein the opening exposes at least the sensor portion so that the sensor portion can be brought into contact with the medium present in the environment through this opening. 14. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 12, wherein the opening is arranged on a side of the foil-based package opposite the package terminal side. 15. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package being flexible so that the foil-based package is bendable with no destruction caused and, in particular, with no damage to the electronic device, wherein a bending radius RB is greater than a thickness of the foil-based package by at least 100 times. 16. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the foil-based package is implemented as a Quad Flat No Leads—QFN—package or as a Surface Mount Device—SMD—package. 17. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, comprising:
providing at least one foil substrate comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon, and patterning the electrically conductive layer such that a first electrically conducting portion and a second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and a third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, are generated, the first electrically conducting portion being arranged between the second and third electrically conducting portions, providing at least one electronic device comprising a device terminal side which comprises at least a first device terminal pad, mounting the electronic device on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal side of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, contacting at least a first package terminal pad with the first electrically conducting portion so that the result is a signal path between the first package terminal pad and the first electrically conducting portion and the first device terminal pad, wherein the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the first package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion where the first package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion where the electronic device is located, the first foil portion and the second foil portion extending along a common foil plane, and applying a casting compound between the first foil portion and the second foil portion so that the casting compound encloses the first package terminal pad and covers the at least one electronic device and divides same from the environment, wherein, in patterning the electrically conductive layer, the first electrically conducting portion is dimensioned such that it is implemented as a signal-guiding waveguide for high-frequency signals, and wherein the second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and the third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, are each implemented as waveguides and form an equipotential surface. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17, the method being implemented as a roll-to-roll method. | The invention relates to a foil-based package with at least one foil substrate having an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon which is patterned to provide a first electrically conducting portion and a second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and a third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, the first electrically conducting portion being arranged between the second and third electrically conducting portions. In accordance with the invention, the first electrically conducting portion is implemented to be a signal-guiding waveguide for high-frequency signals and the second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and the third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, form an equipotential surface.1. A foil-based package comprising:
at least one foil substrate comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon which is patterned to provide a first electrically conducting portion and a second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and a third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, the first electrically conducting portion being arranged between the second and third electrically conducting portions, at least one electronic device comprising a device terminal side which comprises at least a first device terminal pad, wherein the at least one electronic device is mounted on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal side of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, a plurality of package terminal pads arranged on a package terminal side and spaced apart laterally from the electronic device, for electrically contacting the package, wherein at least a first package terminal pad is in contact with the first electrically conducting portion so that the result is a signal path between the first package terminal pad and the first electrically conducting portion and the first device terminal pad, wherein the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the first package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion where the first package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion where the electronic device is located, the first foil portion and the second foil portion extending along a common foil plane, and a casting compound arranged between the first foil portion and the second foil portion, the casting compound enclosing the plurality of package terminal pads and covering the at least one electronic device and dividing same from the environment, wherein the first electrically conducting portion is implemented to be a signal-guiding waveguide for high-frequency signals, and wherein the second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and the third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, form an equipotential surface. 2. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the foil substrate comprises a foil layer thickness DF of less than 130 μm, and/or wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises a layer thickness DL of less than 20 μm, and/or wherein the electronic device comprises an element thickness DC of less than 60 μm, and/or wherein the foil-based package comprises an overall thickness DP of less than 300 μm. 3. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first electrically conducting portion is at a first electrical potential, and wherein the second electrically conducting portion and the third electrically conducting portion are at a common second electrical potential which differs from the first electrical potential. 4. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive layer is arranged over the entire area on that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device and forms a ground-signal-ground configuration relative to the electrically conducting portions, in which the second and third electrically conducting portions form a ground equipotential surface which is coplanar to the signal-guiding first electrically conducting portion. 5. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first electrically conducting portion is electrically insulated each from the second electrically conducting portion and the third electrically conducting portion. 6. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the signal-guiding first electrically conducting portion is dimensioned such that the result is wave impedance matching for high-frequency signals in the range of 500 MHz or more. 7. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive layer is additionally patterned to provide a fourth electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, wherein the fourth electrically conducting portion, as a signal-guiding waveguide, is connected to a second device terminal pad and a second package terminal pad, and wherein, despite the different spacing between the first and second package pads and the electronic device, the geometrical length of the first electrically conducting portion and the geometrical length of the fourth electrically conducting portion are equal due to different shaping. 8. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein a barrier coating for protection against humidity or electromagnetic radiation is arranged on a side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device. 9. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein an electrically conductive coating is arranged on a side of the foil substrate facing away from the electronic device, said electrically conductive coating providing a ground equipotential surface. 10. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 9, wherein the electrically conductive coating is connected to at least one grounded portion of the electrically conductive layer either capacitively or electrically through the foil substrate by means of a through contacting. 11. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first package terminal pad comprises a terminal area facing away from the foil substrate, the first package terminal pad extending from the electrically conductive layer, in a direction perpendicular to the foil plane, across a structural height of the electronic device, the result being a difference in height AH between the electronic device and the terminal area of the first package terminal pad, and wherein the casting compound is arranged between the electronic device and the terminal area of the first package terminal pad. 12. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package comprising an opening extending completely through the foil substrate to the electronic device so that the electronic device can be brought into contact with an environment through this opening, at least in portions. 13. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 12, wherein the electronic device comprises a sensor portion configured to provide a sensor functionality based on contacting to a medium present in the environment, wherein the opening exposes at least the sensor portion so that the sensor portion can be brought into contact with the medium present in the environment through this opening. 14. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 12, wherein the opening is arranged on a side of the foil-based package opposite the package terminal side. 15. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, the foil-based package being flexible so that the foil-based package is bendable with no destruction caused and, in particular, with no damage to the electronic device, wherein a bending radius RB is greater than a thickness of the foil-based package by at least 100 times. 16. The foil-based package in accordance with claim 1, wherein the foil-based package is implemented as a Quad Flat No Leads—QFN—package or as a Surface Mount Device—SMD—package. 17. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, comprising:
providing at least one foil substrate comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged thereon, and patterning the electrically conductive layer such that a first electrically conducting portion and a second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and a third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, are generated, the first electrically conducting portion being arranged between the second and third electrically conducting portions, providing at least one electronic device comprising a device terminal side which comprises at least a first device terminal pad, mounting the electronic device on the electrically conductive layer with no bond wire in flip-chip mounting technology so that the device terminal side of the electronic device is arranged opposite the electrically conductive layer, contacting at least a first package terminal pad with the first electrically conducting portion so that the result is a signal path between the first package terminal pad and the first electrically conducting portion and the first device terminal pad, wherein the electronic device is electrically contactable from that side of the foil substrate facing the electronic device by means of the first package terminal pad, wherein the foil substrate comprises a first foil portion where the first package terminal pad is located, and wherein the foil substrate comprises a second foil portion where the electronic device is located, the first foil portion and the second foil portion extending along a common foil plane, and applying a casting compound between the first foil portion and the second foil portion so that the casting compound encloses the first package terminal pad and covers the at least one electronic device and divides same from the environment, wherein, in patterning the electrically conductive layer, the first electrically conducting portion is dimensioned such that it is implemented as a signal-guiding waveguide for high-frequency signals, and wherein the second electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, and the third electrically conducting portion, which is coplanar to the first electrically conducting portion, are each implemented as waveguides and form an equipotential surface. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17, the method being implemented as a roll-to-roll method. | 3,700 |
343,651 | 16,803,057 | 3,741 | A retention mechanism for a surgical access assembly includes a first member having a first semi-circular body with first and second ends and a second member having a second semi-circular body with first and second ends. The first end of the first member defines a first recess and the second end of the first member includes a first male connector. The first end of the second member includes a second male connector configured to be received within the first recess and the second end of the second member defines a second recess configured to receive the first male connector. When the first male connector is received within the second recess and the second male connector is received within the first recess, the first and second members are configured to frictionally engage a cannula of the surgical access assembly. | 1. A retention mechanism for a surgical access assembly, the retention mechanism comprising:
a first member having a first semi-circular body with first and second ends, the first end of the first member defining a first recess and the second end of the first member including a first male connector; and a second member having a second semi-circular body with first and second ends, the first end of the second member including a second male connector configured to be received within the first recess and the second end of the second member defining a second recess configured to receive the first male connector, wherein when the first male connector is received within the second recess and the second male connector is received within the first recess, the first and second members are configured to frictionally engage a cannula of the surgical access assembly. 2. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second recesses are each frustoconical. 3. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second recesses correspond in shape to the respective first and second male connectors. 4. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second members are configured for releasable connection with one another. 5. The retention mechanism of the claim 1, wherein each of the first and second members includes an inner surface, wherein each of the inner surfaces includes ridges. 6. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second members are formed of plastic or polymer. 7. An access assembly comprising:
a cannula including a proximal portion and a distal portion and having a length; an instrument valve disposed on the proximal portion of the cannula; an anchor mechanism disposed on the distal portion of the cannula; and a retention mechanism movably disposed along the length of the cannula, the retention mechanism including a first member having a first semi-circular body with first and second ends and a second member having a second semi-circular body with first and second ends, the retention mechanism being movable from a first position spaced a first distance from the anchor mechanism to a second position spaced a second distance from the anchor mechanism, wherein the first distance is greater than the second distance. 8. The access assembly of claim 7, wherein the first end of the first member is configured to engage the second end of the second member and the second end of the first member is configured to engage the first end of the second member. 9. The access assembly of claim 8, wherein the first end of the first member defines a first recess and the second end of the first member includes a first male connector, and the first end of the second member includes a second male connector configured to be received within the first recess and the second end of the second member defines a second recess configured to receive the first male connector. 10. The access assembly of claim 9, wherein when the first male connector is received within the second recess and the second male connector is received within the first recess, the first and second members are configured to frictionally engage a cannula of the surgical access assembly. 11. The access assembly of claim 10, wherein the first and second recesses of the retention mechanism are each frustoconical. 12. The access assembly of claim 11, wherein the first and second recesses of the retention mechanism correspond in shape to the respective first and second male connectors of the retention mechanism. 13. The access assembly of claim 12, wherein the first and second members are configured for releasable connection with one another. 14. The access assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the first and second members of the retention mechanism includes an inner surface, wherein each of the inner surfaces includes ridges. 15. The access assembly of claim 8, wherein the first and second members are formed of plastic or polymer. 16. A method of securing an access assembly to tissue, the method comprising:
receiving a proximal portion of a cannula of the access assembly through tissue; activating an anchor mechanism disposed on the proximal portion of the cannula; and advancing a retention mechanism disposed about the cannula towards the anchor mechanism. 17. The method of claim 16, further including receiving the retention mechanism about the cannula. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the retention mechanism about the cannula includes joining first and second members configured to be received about the cannula. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein activating the anchor mechanism includes inflating a balloon anchor. | A retention mechanism for a surgical access assembly includes a first member having a first semi-circular body with first and second ends and a second member having a second semi-circular body with first and second ends. The first end of the first member defines a first recess and the second end of the first member includes a first male connector. The first end of the second member includes a second male connector configured to be received within the first recess and the second end of the second member defines a second recess configured to receive the first male connector. When the first male connector is received within the second recess and the second male connector is received within the first recess, the first and second members are configured to frictionally engage a cannula of the surgical access assembly.1. A retention mechanism for a surgical access assembly, the retention mechanism comprising:
a first member having a first semi-circular body with first and second ends, the first end of the first member defining a first recess and the second end of the first member including a first male connector; and a second member having a second semi-circular body with first and second ends, the first end of the second member including a second male connector configured to be received within the first recess and the second end of the second member defining a second recess configured to receive the first male connector, wherein when the first male connector is received within the second recess and the second male connector is received within the first recess, the first and second members are configured to frictionally engage a cannula of the surgical access assembly. 2. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second recesses are each frustoconical. 3. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second recesses correspond in shape to the respective first and second male connectors. 4. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second members are configured for releasable connection with one another. 5. The retention mechanism of the claim 1, wherein each of the first and second members includes an inner surface, wherein each of the inner surfaces includes ridges. 6. The retention mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second members are formed of plastic or polymer. 7. An access assembly comprising:
a cannula including a proximal portion and a distal portion and having a length; an instrument valve disposed on the proximal portion of the cannula; an anchor mechanism disposed on the distal portion of the cannula; and a retention mechanism movably disposed along the length of the cannula, the retention mechanism including a first member having a first semi-circular body with first and second ends and a second member having a second semi-circular body with first and second ends, the retention mechanism being movable from a first position spaced a first distance from the anchor mechanism to a second position spaced a second distance from the anchor mechanism, wherein the first distance is greater than the second distance. 8. The access assembly of claim 7, wherein the first end of the first member is configured to engage the second end of the second member and the second end of the first member is configured to engage the first end of the second member. 9. The access assembly of claim 8, wherein the first end of the first member defines a first recess and the second end of the first member includes a first male connector, and the first end of the second member includes a second male connector configured to be received within the first recess and the second end of the second member defines a second recess configured to receive the first male connector. 10. The access assembly of claim 9, wherein when the first male connector is received within the second recess and the second male connector is received within the first recess, the first and second members are configured to frictionally engage a cannula of the surgical access assembly. 11. The access assembly of claim 10, wherein the first and second recesses of the retention mechanism are each frustoconical. 12. The access assembly of claim 11, wherein the first and second recesses of the retention mechanism correspond in shape to the respective first and second male connectors of the retention mechanism. 13. The access assembly of claim 12, wherein the first and second members are configured for releasable connection with one another. 14. The access assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the first and second members of the retention mechanism includes an inner surface, wherein each of the inner surfaces includes ridges. 15. The access assembly of claim 8, wherein the first and second members are formed of plastic or polymer. 16. A method of securing an access assembly to tissue, the method comprising:
receiving a proximal portion of a cannula of the access assembly through tissue; activating an anchor mechanism disposed on the proximal portion of the cannula; and advancing a retention mechanism disposed about the cannula towards the anchor mechanism. 17. The method of claim 16, further including receiving the retention mechanism about the cannula. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the retention mechanism about the cannula includes joining first and second members configured to be received about the cannula. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein activating the anchor mechanism includes inflating a balloon anchor. | 3,700 |
343,652 | 16,803,066 | 3,741 | A toggle cam bolt is provided including a shank, a cam lever, a recess, and a toggle. The shank includes a first end and a second end. The cam lever is rotatably attached to the first end by a first pivot pin. The cam lever includes a lever handle and a cam lobe that is eccentric relative to the first pivot pin. The recess is located at the second end of the shank. The toggle is attached to the recess so that it is rotatable about a second pivot pin. A method of clamping two or more parts together using a toggle cam bolt is also provided. | 1. A toggle cam bolt comprising:
a shank including a first end and a second end; a cam lever rotatably attached to the first end by a first pivot pin, the cam lever including a lever handle and a cam lobe that is eccentric relative to the first pivot pin; a recess located at the second end of the shank; and a toggle attached in the recess so that the toggle is rotatable about a second pivot pin. 2. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the toggle includes a length and a width, and the length is greater than the width. 3. The toggle cam bolt of claim 2, wherein the width is less than or equal to a diameter of the shank. 4. The toggle cam bolt of claim 2, wherein the toggle is rotatably attached to the recess at a center of the width and the length. 5. The toggle cam bolt of claim 2, wherein the length of the toggle is in-line with the shank when the toggle is in an insertion position. 6. The toggle cam bolt of claim 5, wherein the toggle is adapted to rotate 90 degrees relative to the shank into a clamping position. 7. The toggle cam bolt of claim 6, wherein the toggle is pinned to the recess at an off-center location to promote self-pivoting out of the recess from the insertion position to the clamping position 8. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the cam lever is adapted to rotate between a clamped position and an unclamped position. 9. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the lever handle includes a tool insertion recess at a distal end that is adapted to receive a tool. 10. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the shank comprises a first shank part and a second shank part, the first pivot pin is in the first shank part and the second pivot pin is in the second shank part, the first and second shank parts are connected to one another in an adjustable manner in order to allow a distance between the first pivot pin and the second pivot pin to be adjusted. 11. The toggle cam bolt of claim 10, wherein the first shank part includes a first threaded bore and the second shank part includes a second threaded bore, and a threaded bolt is engaged in the first and second threaded bores. 12. The toggle cam bolt of claim 10, wherein the first shank part comprises a barrel nut and the first pivot pin connects the barrel nut to the cam lever, and second shank part comprises a threaded shank having a first end with threads that are threadingly engaged in the barrel nut. 13. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, further comprising a spacer located on the shank. 14. A method of clamping two or more parts together using a toggle cam bolt comprising:
providing a toggle cam bolt, the toggle cam bolt including a shank including a first end and a second end, a cam lever rotatably attached to the first end by a first pivot pin, the cam lever including a lever handle and a cam lobe that is eccentric relative to the first pivot pin, a recess located at the second end of the shank, and a toggle attached in the recess so that the toggle is rotatable about a second pivot pin, the toggle having a length greater than a width, and the length is in-line with the shank when the toggle is in an insertion position; inserting the second end of the shank with the toggle in the insertion position through an opening in at least two adjacent parts until the toggle is past the opening; rotating the toggle relative to the shank into a clamping position; and rotating the lever handle towards the at least two parts until a point of contact of the cam lobe and the at least two adjacent parts is at or past a centerline of the cam lobe. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising adjusting a length of the shank such that a total thickness of the at least two adjacent parts being clamped is greater than a distance between the contact point of the cam lobe at a maximum distance from the first pivot pin and a contact surface of the toggle in the clamping position in order to provide a compressive pre-load force on the two parts being clamped in the clamping position. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising placing a first clamping washer or a spacer between the at least two parts being clamped together and the cam lobe prior to inserting the toggle cam bolt. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising placing a second clamping washer between the at least two parts and the toggle prior to rotating the toggle 90 degrees. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising inserting a tool into a tool insertion recess at a distal end of the lever handle that is adapted to receive a tool in order to push the lever handle down. | A toggle cam bolt is provided including a shank, a cam lever, a recess, and a toggle. The shank includes a first end and a second end. The cam lever is rotatably attached to the first end by a first pivot pin. The cam lever includes a lever handle and a cam lobe that is eccentric relative to the first pivot pin. The recess is located at the second end of the shank. The toggle is attached to the recess so that it is rotatable about a second pivot pin. A method of clamping two or more parts together using a toggle cam bolt is also provided.1. A toggle cam bolt comprising:
a shank including a first end and a second end; a cam lever rotatably attached to the first end by a first pivot pin, the cam lever including a lever handle and a cam lobe that is eccentric relative to the first pivot pin; a recess located at the second end of the shank; and a toggle attached in the recess so that the toggle is rotatable about a second pivot pin. 2. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the toggle includes a length and a width, and the length is greater than the width. 3. The toggle cam bolt of claim 2, wherein the width is less than or equal to a diameter of the shank. 4. The toggle cam bolt of claim 2, wherein the toggle is rotatably attached to the recess at a center of the width and the length. 5. The toggle cam bolt of claim 2, wherein the length of the toggle is in-line with the shank when the toggle is in an insertion position. 6. The toggle cam bolt of claim 5, wherein the toggle is adapted to rotate 90 degrees relative to the shank into a clamping position. 7. The toggle cam bolt of claim 6, wherein the toggle is pinned to the recess at an off-center location to promote self-pivoting out of the recess from the insertion position to the clamping position 8. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the cam lever is adapted to rotate between a clamped position and an unclamped position. 9. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the lever handle includes a tool insertion recess at a distal end that is adapted to receive a tool. 10. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, wherein the shank comprises a first shank part and a second shank part, the first pivot pin is in the first shank part and the second pivot pin is in the second shank part, the first and second shank parts are connected to one another in an adjustable manner in order to allow a distance between the first pivot pin and the second pivot pin to be adjusted. 11. The toggle cam bolt of claim 10, wherein the first shank part includes a first threaded bore and the second shank part includes a second threaded bore, and a threaded bolt is engaged in the first and second threaded bores. 12. The toggle cam bolt of claim 10, wherein the first shank part comprises a barrel nut and the first pivot pin connects the barrel nut to the cam lever, and second shank part comprises a threaded shank having a first end with threads that are threadingly engaged in the barrel nut. 13. The toggle cam bolt of claim 1, further comprising a spacer located on the shank. 14. A method of clamping two or more parts together using a toggle cam bolt comprising:
providing a toggle cam bolt, the toggle cam bolt including a shank including a first end and a second end, a cam lever rotatably attached to the first end by a first pivot pin, the cam lever including a lever handle and a cam lobe that is eccentric relative to the first pivot pin, a recess located at the second end of the shank, and a toggle attached in the recess so that the toggle is rotatable about a second pivot pin, the toggle having a length greater than a width, and the length is in-line with the shank when the toggle is in an insertion position; inserting the second end of the shank with the toggle in the insertion position through an opening in at least two adjacent parts until the toggle is past the opening; rotating the toggle relative to the shank into a clamping position; and rotating the lever handle towards the at least two parts until a point of contact of the cam lobe and the at least two adjacent parts is at or past a centerline of the cam lobe. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising adjusting a length of the shank such that a total thickness of the at least two adjacent parts being clamped is greater than a distance between the contact point of the cam lobe at a maximum distance from the first pivot pin and a contact surface of the toggle in the clamping position in order to provide a compressive pre-load force on the two parts being clamped in the clamping position. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising placing a first clamping washer or a spacer between the at least two parts being clamped together and the cam lobe prior to inserting the toggle cam bolt. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising placing a second clamping washer between the at least two parts and the toggle prior to rotating the toggle 90 degrees. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising inserting a tool into a tool insertion recess at a distal end of the lever handle that is adapted to receive a tool in order to push the lever handle down. | 3,700 |
343,653 | 16,803,073 | 3,741 | A charger apparatus a first port, a second port, a first circuit coupled to the first port, and a second circuit coupled to the second port. The charger also includes a controller, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit each receive a DC power signal generated from an AC input signal, and wherein the controller is structured and configured to determine whether a load current on the second circuit is above a threshold level and responsive to determining that the load current is above the threshold level, (i) cause the first circuit to advertise the first current at a level that is less than a maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) cause the second circuit to advertise the second current at a level that is equal to a maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. | 1. A method of controlling a charger apparatus that includes a first port and a second port of a different type than the first port, the method comprising:
receiving a DC power signal generated from an AC input signal provided to the charger apparatus; determining whether a load current being provided to the second port is above a threshold level; responsive to determining that the load current being provided to the second port is above the threshold level, (i) causing the first port to advertise a first current at a level that is less than a maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) causing the second port to advertise a second current at a level that is equal to a maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first port is a USB Type-C port and the second port is a USB Type-A port. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, responsive to the load current being provided to the second port being below the threshold level, (i) causing the first current to be advertised at the first port at a level that is equal to the maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) causing the second current to be advertised at the second port at a level that is less than the maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising measuring a load current being provided to the first port, and responsive to the load current on the second circuit being below the threshold level and the load current being provided to the first port being above a second threshold, (i) causing the first current to be advertised at the first port at a level that is equal to the maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) causing the second current to be advertised at the second port at a level that is less than the maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the threshold level and the second threshold level are adjustable. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the level of the first current is determined by controlling an electronic switch in response to a pulse width modulation output. 7. A computer program product including a non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program comprising program code for implementing the method of claim 1. | A charger apparatus a first port, a second port, a first circuit coupled to the first port, and a second circuit coupled to the second port. The charger also includes a controller, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit each receive a DC power signal generated from an AC input signal, and wherein the controller is structured and configured to determine whether a load current on the second circuit is above a threshold level and responsive to determining that the load current is above the threshold level, (i) cause the first circuit to advertise the first current at a level that is less than a maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) cause the second circuit to advertise the second current at a level that is equal to a maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port.1. A method of controlling a charger apparatus that includes a first port and a second port of a different type than the first port, the method comprising:
receiving a DC power signal generated from an AC input signal provided to the charger apparatus; determining whether a load current being provided to the second port is above a threshold level; responsive to determining that the load current being provided to the second port is above the threshold level, (i) causing the first port to advertise a first current at a level that is less than a maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) causing the second port to advertise a second current at a level that is equal to a maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first port is a USB Type-C port and the second port is a USB Type-A port. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, responsive to the load current being provided to the second port being below the threshold level, (i) causing the first current to be advertised at the first port at a level that is equal to the maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) causing the second current to be advertised at the second port at a level that is less than the maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising measuring a load current being provided to the first port, and responsive to the load current on the second circuit being below the threshold level and the load current being provided to the first port being above a second threshold, (i) causing the first current to be advertised at the first port at a level that is equal to the maximum current level that may be advertised at the first port, and (ii) causing the second current to be advertised at the second port at a level that is less than the maximum current level that may be advertised at the second port. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the threshold level and the second threshold level are adjustable. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the level of the first current is determined by controlling an electronic switch in response to a pulse width modulation output. 7. A computer program product including a non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program comprising program code for implementing the method of claim 1. | 3,700 |
343,654 | 16,803,069 | 3,741 | A graphical user interface (GUI) of an application under test (AUT) is rendered. A GUI test object of the AUT is identified within the GUI. Test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT is retrieved. The GUI test object of the AUT is rendered within the GUI to reflect the test information. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing program code executable by a computing device to perform processing comprising:
rendering a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application under test (AUT) for display; identifying a GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI; retrieving test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT; and rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, further comprising:
initiating recording of a new test script for the AUT, wherein the GUI of the AUT is rendered and the GUI test object of the AUT is rendered within the GUI as part of recording the new test script. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 2, further comprising:
responsive to coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the new test script, correspondingly updating the test information to indicate the coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the new test script. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 2, further comprising:
upon running the new test script to test the AUT, including the GUI test object of the AUT, updating the test information to indicate whether testing of the GUI test object of the AUT was successful or unsuccessful during running of the new test script. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, wherein identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI comprises:
determining contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 5, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT comprises:
looking up the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT against contextual information of a plurality of existing GUI test objects within an information store, wherein for each existing GUI test object, the information store stores the contextual information of the existing GUI test object and test information regarding the existing GUI test object. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 6, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT further comprises:
retrieving the test information regarding the existing GUI test object having the contextual information matching the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 5, wherein the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT comprises one or more of:
definitional information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI of the AUT; a captured image of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; window class element information of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; and an address at which the GUI of the AUT is accessible on a network. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, wherein rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information comprises:
rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to indicate an extent to which the GUI test object of the AUT is covered within existing test scripts for the AUT. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, wherein rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information comprises:
rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to indicate an extent to which testing of the GUI test object was successful during running of existing test scripts for the AUT. 11. A method comprising:
tracking coverage of a graphical user interface (GUI) test object of an application under test (AUT) within of a first test script for the AUT; tracking testing of the GUI test object of the AUT during running of the first test script; updating the test information to reflect one or more of:
the coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the first test script;
whether the testing of the GUI test object of the AUT was successful or unsuccessful during running of the first test script; and
rendering a GUI of the AUT for display, and rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
wherein the GUI of the AUT is rendered and the GUI test object of the AUT is rendered within the GUI to reflect the test information upon initiating recording of a second test script for the AUT. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI; and retrieving the test information upon identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI comprises:
determining contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT comprises:
looking up the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT against contextual information of a plurality of existing GUI test objects within an information store, wherein for each existing GUI test object, the information store stores the contextual information of the existing GUI test object and test information regarding the existing GUI test object. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT further comprises:
retrieving the test information regarding the existing GUI test object having the contextual information matching the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT comprises one or more of:
definitional information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI of the AUT; a captured image of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; window class element information of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; and an address at which the GUI of the AUT is accessible on a network. 18. A computing device comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing program code executable by the processor and comprising:
update code to update test information regarding a graphical user interface (GUI) test object of an application under test (AUT) as test scripts for the AUT are generated and run; and
render code to render a GUI of the AUT and to render the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the test information indicates coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the test scripts. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the test information indicates whether testing of the GUI test object of the AUT was successful or unsuccessful during running of the test scripts. | A graphical user interface (GUI) of an application under test (AUT) is rendered. A GUI test object of the AUT is identified within the GUI. Test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT is retrieved. The GUI test object of the AUT is rendered within the GUI to reflect the test information.1. A non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing program code executable by a computing device to perform processing comprising:
rendering a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application under test (AUT) for display; identifying a GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI; retrieving test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT; and rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, further comprising:
initiating recording of a new test script for the AUT, wherein the GUI of the AUT is rendered and the GUI test object of the AUT is rendered within the GUI as part of recording the new test script. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 2, further comprising:
responsive to coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the new test script, correspondingly updating the test information to indicate the coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the new test script. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 2, further comprising:
upon running the new test script to test the AUT, including the GUI test object of the AUT, updating the test information to indicate whether testing of the GUI test object of the AUT was successful or unsuccessful during running of the new test script. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, wherein identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI comprises:
determining contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 5, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT comprises:
looking up the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT against contextual information of a plurality of existing GUI test objects within an information store, wherein for each existing GUI test object, the information store stores the contextual information of the existing GUI test object and test information regarding the existing GUI test object. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 6, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT further comprises:
retrieving the test information regarding the existing GUI test object having the contextual information matching the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 5, wherein the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT comprises one or more of:
definitional information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI of the AUT; a captured image of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; window class element information of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; and an address at which the GUI of the AUT is accessible on a network. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, wherein rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information comprises:
rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to indicate an extent to which the GUI test object of the AUT is covered within existing test scripts for the AUT. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 1, wherein rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information comprises:
rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to indicate an extent to which testing of the GUI test object was successful during running of existing test scripts for the AUT. 11. A method comprising:
tracking coverage of a graphical user interface (GUI) test object of an application under test (AUT) within of a first test script for the AUT; tracking testing of the GUI test object of the AUT during running of the first test script; updating the test information to reflect one or more of:
the coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the first test script;
whether the testing of the GUI test object of the AUT was successful or unsuccessful during running of the first test script; and
rendering a GUI of the AUT for display, and rendering the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
wherein the GUI of the AUT is rendered and the GUI test object of the AUT is rendered within the GUI to reflect the test information upon initiating recording of a second test script for the AUT. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI; and retrieving the test information upon identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI comprises:
determining contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT comprises:
looking up the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT against contextual information of a plurality of existing GUI test objects within an information store, wherein for each existing GUI test object, the information store stores the contextual information of the existing GUI test object and test information regarding the existing GUI test object. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein retrieving the test information regarding the GUI test object of the AUT further comprises:
retrieving the test information regarding the existing GUI test object having the contextual information matching the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the contextual information of the GUI test object of the AUT comprises one or more of:
definitional information of the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI of the AUT; a captured image of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; window class element information of the GUI of the AUT within which the GUI test object of the AUT is located; and an address at which the GUI of the AUT is accessible on a network. 18. A computing device comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing program code executable by the processor and comprising:
update code to update test information regarding a graphical user interface (GUI) test object of an application under test (AUT) as test scripts for the AUT are generated and run; and
render code to render a GUI of the AUT and to render the GUI test object of the AUT within the GUI to reflect the test information. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the test information indicates coverage of the GUI test object of the AUT within the test scripts. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the test information indicates whether testing of the GUI test object of the AUT was successful or unsuccessful during running of the test scripts. | 3,700 |
343,655 | 16,803,113 | 3,741 | A method for operating a baler including an initial step of providing a cleaning system that includes a floor plate having a plurality of slots therein, at least one knife tray, at least one actuator operably connected to the at least one knife tray, and a controller operably connected to the at least one actuator. The method further includes the steps of determining whether the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray is retracted, determining whether to conduct a knife tray cleanout procedure for cleaning the floor plate based upon at least one cleaning parameter, and conducting the knife tray cleanout procedure by actuating the at least one actuator for cycling the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray for dislodging debris from the floor plate. | 1. A method for operating a baler, comprising:
providing a cleaning system comprising a floor plate having a plurality of slots therein, at least one knife tray comprising a plurality of knives, at least one actuator operably connected to the at least one knife tray, and a controller operably connected to the at least one actuator and configured for actuating the at least one actuator for moving the at least one knife tray for inserting and retracting the plurality of knives into and out of the plurality of slots of the floor plate; determining, by the controller, whether the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray is retracted; determining, by the controller, whether to conduct a knife tray cleanout procedure for cleaning the floor plate based upon at least one cleaning parameter; and conducting, by the controller, the knife tray cleanout procedure by actuating the at least one actuator for cycling the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray for dislodging debris from the floor plate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein cycling the plurality of knives comprises at least partially inserting the plurality of knives into the plurality of slots and retracting the plurality of knives from the plurality of slots. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises one or more of a baling procedure, a duration of baling time, a duration of time from a prior knife tray cleanout procedure, a location of the baler, and an inputted user command. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of cycling the tail gate, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of cycling the tail gate. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of forming a bale, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of forming the bale and the duration of baling time. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one knife tray comprises a first knife tray comprising a first plurality of knives and a second knife tray comprising a second plurality of knives, and the at least one actuator comprises a first actuator and a second actuator respectively operably connected to the first knife tray and the second knife tray. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of conducting, by the controller, the baling procedure of forming the bale with the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray retracted. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of conducting the knife tray cleanout procedure comprises alternating the first knife tray and the second knife tray by:
retracting the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; at least partially inserting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray; returning the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; and retracting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein the cleaning system further comprises at least one sensor located on the floor plate and configured for sensing a level of debris associated with the floor plate. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising a step of sensing, by the at least one sensor, the level of debris associated with the floor plate, the at least one cleaning parameter further comprises a sensed level of debris provided by the at least one sensor, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the sensed level of debris. 11. An agricultural baler for baling crop material in a field, comprising:
a frame; a rotor rotatably connected to the frame and comprising a plurality of blades; a cleaning system, comprising:
a floor plate disposed adjacent to the rotor and comprising a plurality of slots therein;
at least one knife tray disposed adjacent to the floor plate, the at least one knife tray comprising a plurality of knives, and each knife of the plurality of knives being associated with a respective slot of the plurality of slots; and
at least one actuator operably connected to the at least one knife tray; and
a controller operably connected to the at least one knife tray and configured for actuating the at least one actuator for moving the at least one knife tray for inserting and retracting the plurality of knives into and out of the plurality of slots of the floor plate, and wherein the controller is further configured for determining whether the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray is retracted, determining whether to conduct a knife tray cleanout procedure for cleaning the floor plate based upon at least one cleaning parameter, and conducting the knife tray cleanout procedure by actuating the at least one actuator for cycling the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray for dislodging debris from the floor plate. 12. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein cycling the plurality of knives comprises at least partially inserting the plurality of knives into the plurality of slots and retracting the plurality of knives from the plurality of slots. 13. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises one or more of a baling procedure, a duration of baling time, a duration of time from a prior knife tray cleanout procedure, a location of the baler, and an inputted user command. 14. The agricultural baler of claim 13, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of cycling the tail gate, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of cycling the tail gate. 15. The agricultural baler of claim 13, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of forming a bale, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of forming the bale and the duration of baling time. 16. The agricultural baler of claim 15, wherein the at least one knife tray comprises a first knife tray comprising a first plurality of knives and a second knife tray comprising a second plurality of knives, and the at least one actuator comprises a first actuator and a second actuator respectively operably connected to the first knife tray and the second knife tray. 17. The agricultural baler of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured for conducting the baling procedure of forming the bale with the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray retracted. 18. The agricultural baler of claim 17, wherein the knife tray cleanout procedure comprises alternating the first knife tray and the second knife tray by:
retracting the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; at least partially inserting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray; returning the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; and retracting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray. 19. The agricultural baler of claim 13, wherein the cleaning system further comprises at least one sensor located on the floor plate and configured for sensing a level of debris associated with the floor plate. 20. The agricultural baler of claim 19, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter further comprises a sensed level of debris provided by the at least one sensor, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the sensed level of debris. | A method for operating a baler including an initial step of providing a cleaning system that includes a floor plate having a plurality of slots therein, at least one knife tray, at least one actuator operably connected to the at least one knife tray, and a controller operably connected to the at least one actuator. The method further includes the steps of determining whether the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray is retracted, determining whether to conduct a knife tray cleanout procedure for cleaning the floor plate based upon at least one cleaning parameter, and conducting the knife tray cleanout procedure by actuating the at least one actuator for cycling the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray for dislodging debris from the floor plate.1. A method for operating a baler, comprising:
providing a cleaning system comprising a floor plate having a plurality of slots therein, at least one knife tray comprising a plurality of knives, at least one actuator operably connected to the at least one knife tray, and a controller operably connected to the at least one actuator and configured for actuating the at least one actuator for moving the at least one knife tray for inserting and retracting the plurality of knives into and out of the plurality of slots of the floor plate; determining, by the controller, whether the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray is retracted; determining, by the controller, whether to conduct a knife tray cleanout procedure for cleaning the floor plate based upon at least one cleaning parameter; and conducting, by the controller, the knife tray cleanout procedure by actuating the at least one actuator for cycling the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray for dislodging debris from the floor plate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein cycling the plurality of knives comprises at least partially inserting the plurality of knives into the plurality of slots and retracting the plurality of knives from the plurality of slots. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises one or more of a baling procedure, a duration of baling time, a duration of time from a prior knife tray cleanout procedure, a location of the baler, and an inputted user command. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of cycling the tail gate, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of cycling the tail gate. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of forming a bale, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of forming the bale and the duration of baling time. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one knife tray comprises a first knife tray comprising a first plurality of knives and a second knife tray comprising a second plurality of knives, and the at least one actuator comprises a first actuator and a second actuator respectively operably connected to the first knife tray and the second knife tray. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of conducting, by the controller, the baling procedure of forming the bale with the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray retracted. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of conducting the knife tray cleanout procedure comprises alternating the first knife tray and the second knife tray by:
retracting the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; at least partially inserting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray; returning the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; and retracting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein the cleaning system further comprises at least one sensor located on the floor plate and configured for sensing a level of debris associated with the floor plate. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising a step of sensing, by the at least one sensor, the level of debris associated with the floor plate, the at least one cleaning parameter further comprises a sensed level of debris provided by the at least one sensor, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the sensed level of debris. 11. An agricultural baler for baling crop material in a field, comprising:
a frame; a rotor rotatably connected to the frame and comprising a plurality of blades; a cleaning system, comprising:
a floor plate disposed adjacent to the rotor and comprising a plurality of slots therein;
at least one knife tray disposed adjacent to the floor plate, the at least one knife tray comprising a plurality of knives, and each knife of the plurality of knives being associated with a respective slot of the plurality of slots; and
at least one actuator operably connected to the at least one knife tray; and
a controller operably connected to the at least one knife tray and configured for actuating the at least one actuator for moving the at least one knife tray for inserting and retracting the plurality of knives into and out of the plurality of slots of the floor plate, and wherein the controller is further configured for determining whether the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray is retracted, determining whether to conduct a knife tray cleanout procedure for cleaning the floor plate based upon at least one cleaning parameter, and conducting the knife tray cleanout procedure by actuating the at least one actuator for cycling the plurality of knives of the at least one knife tray for dislodging debris from the floor plate. 12. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein cycling the plurality of knives comprises at least partially inserting the plurality of knives into the plurality of slots and retracting the plurality of knives from the plurality of slots. 13. The agricultural baler of claim 11, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises one or more of a baling procedure, a duration of baling time, a duration of time from a prior knife tray cleanout procedure, a location of the baler, and an inputted user command. 14. The agricultural baler of claim 13, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of cycling the tail gate, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of cycling the tail gate. 15. The agricultural baler of claim 13, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter comprises a baling procedure of forming a bale, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the baling procedure of forming the bale and the duration of baling time. 16. The agricultural baler of claim 15, wherein the at least one knife tray comprises a first knife tray comprising a first plurality of knives and a second knife tray comprising a second plurality of knives, and the at least one actuator comprises a first actuator and a second actuator respectively operably connected to the first knife tray and the second knife tray. 17. The agricultural baler of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured for conducting the baling procedure of forming the bale with the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray retracted. 18. The agricultural baler of claim 17, wherein the knife tray cleanout procedure comprises alternating the first knife tray and the second knife tray by:
retracting the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; at least partially inserting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray; returning the first plurality of knives of the first knife tray; and retracting the second plurality of knives of the second knife tray. 19. The agricultural baler of claim 13, wherein the cleaning system further comprises at least one sensor located on the floor plate and configured for sensing a level of debris associated with the floor plate. 20. The agricultural baler of claim 19, wherein the at least one cleaning parameter further comprises a sensed level of debris provided by the at least one sensor, and the controller determines whether to conduct the knife tray cleanout procedure based upon the sensed level of debris. | 3,700 |
343,656 | 16,803,101 | 3,741 | An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprises a lens barrel holding camera lenses coupled to a lens mount. The lens mount is further coupled to an image sensor substrate that has an image sensor lying on an image plane. The optical distance between lenses and the image sensor is tuned such that the focal plane of the lenses coincides with the image plane. Due to thermal expansion, this optical distance may vary thereby to cause the focal plane of the lenses to shift away from the image plane. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly further comprises spacers that couple one or more lens elements to the lens barrel. The spacers and the lens elements are configured such that the optical distance is maintained to be constant or substantially constant. | 1. An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprising:
an image sensor; a lens barrel, the lens barrel coupled to a lens mount and comprising a first material that expands causing a first shift in a focal plane in a first direction along an optical axis; and one or more temperature changing elements coupled to the lens barrel, the one or more temperature changing elements controllable to compensate for the first shift in the focal plane in the first direction along the optical axis by providing a first temperature at a first portion of the lens barrel and by providing a second temperature at a second portion of the lens barrel. 2. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens mount comprises a tube portion extending from a base portion in a direction of an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the focal plane, the tube portion having a channel and the lens barrel having a portion extending into the channel. 3. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more spacers coupled between one or more of lens elements of the lens barrel. 4. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the one or more spacers comprise a second material that expands with temperature increase causing a second shift in the focal plane in a second direction along the optical axis opposite the first direction, the second material being different than the first material. 5. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the one or more spacers and the one or more lens elements are configured to maintain an optical distance between the one or more lens elements and the image sensor that is constant or substantially constant. 6. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the lens barrel includes a first corner and a lens element of the one or more lens elements includes a second corner, and one of the one or more spacers is shaped to mate with the first corner and the second corner. 7. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 6, wherein the one of the one or more spacers has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface attached to the lens barrel at the first corner and the second surface attached to the lens element at the second corner. 8. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the lens barrel includes a first surface, a second surface, and a first corner, the first surface offset to the second surface, the first surface and the second surface form the first corner, a lens element of the one or more lens elements includes a second corner, and one of the one or more spacers is shaped to include offsetting surfaces, a third corner, and a fourth corner, the third corner reciprocal to the first corner and the fourth corner reciprocal to the second corner. 9. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 8, wherein the second surface of the lens barrel includes a first fastening structure, and a surface of the one of the one or more spacers includes a second fastening structure, the second fastening structure to engage with the first fastening structure. 10. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 8, wherein the first surface and the second surface of the lens barrel and the offsetting surfaces of the one of the one or more spacers are parallel to the optical axis. 11. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the lens barrel includes a first segment and a second segment, and one of the one or more spacers is sandwiched between the first segment and the second segment. 12. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 11, wherein the one of the one or more spacers includes a first corner, and a lens element of the one or more lens elements includes a second corner reciprocal to the first corner. 13. An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprising:
an image sensor substrate comprising an image sensor; lens elements for directing light to the image sensor; a lens barrel housing the lens elements, the lens barrel comprising a material that expands with temperature increase causing a shift in a focal plane along an optical axis; and one or more temperature changing elements coupled to the lens barrel, the one or more temperature changing elements controllable to compensate for the shift by providing a first temperature at a first portion of the lens barrel and by providing a second temperature at a second portion of the lens barrel. 14. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, wherein the lens elements are configured to maintain a substantially constant optical distance between the lens elements and the image sensor. 15. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, further comprising:
a lens mount coupled to the image sensor substrate, the lens mount comprising a tube portion extending from a base portion in a direction of an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the focal plane, the tube portion having a channel and the lens barrel having a portion extending into the channel. 16. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, wherein the lens barrel includes a first corner and a lens element of the lens elements includes a second corner, and spacers are shaped to mate with the first corner and the second corner. 17. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 16, wherein a first spacer of the spacers has a first surface and a second spacer of the spacers has a second surface, the first surface attached to the lens barrel at the first corner and the second surface attached to the lens element at the second corner. 18. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, wherein the lens barrel includes a first surface, a second surface, and a first corner, the first surface offset to the second surface, the first surface and the second surface forming the first corner, wherein a lens element of the lens elements includes a second corner, and wherein spacers are shaped to include offsetting surfaces, a third corner, and a fourth corner, the third corner reciprocal to the first corner and the fourth corner reciprocal to the second corner. 19. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 18, wherein the second surface of the lens barrel includes a first fastening structure, and a surface of the spacers includes a second fastening structure, the second fastening structure to engage with the first fastening structure. 20. A camera comprising:
an integrated image sensor and lens assembly including a lens barrel; and a temperature changing element coupled to the integrated image sensor and lens assembly, the temperature changing element controllable to compensate for a first shift in a focal plane in a first direction along an optical axis by providing a first temperature at a first portion of the lens barrel and by providing a second temperature at a second portion of the lens barrel. | An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprises a lens barrel holding camera lenses coupled to a lens mount. The lens mount is further coupled to an image sensor substrate that has an image sensor lying on an image plane. The optical distance between lenses and the image sensor is tuned such that the focal plane of the lenses coincides with the image plane. Due to thermal expansion, this optical distance may vary thereby to cause the focal plane of the lenses to shift away from the image plane. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly further comprises spacers that couple one or more lens elements to the lens barrel. The spacers and the lens elements are configured such that the optical distance is maintained to be constant or substantially constant.1. An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprising:
an image sensor; a lens barrel, the lens barrel coupled to a lens mount and comprising a first material that expands causing a first shift in a focal plane in a first direction along an optical axis; and one or more temperature changing elements coupled to the lens barrel, the one or more temperature changing elements controllable to compensate for the first shift in the focal plane in the first direction along the optical axis by providing a first temperature at a first portion of the lens barrel and by providing a second temperature at a second portion of the lens barrel. 2. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens mount comprises a tube portion extending from a base portion in a direction of an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the focal plane, the tube portion having a channel and the lens barrel having a portion extending into the channel. 3. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more spacers coupled between one or more of lens elements of the lens barrel. 4. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the one or more spacers comprise a second material that expands with temperature increase causing a second shift in the focal plane in a second direction along the optical axis opposite the first direction, the second material being different than the first material. 5. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the one or more spacers and the one or more lens elements are configured to maintain an optical distance between the one or more lens elements and the image sensor that is constant or substantially constant. 6. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the lens barrel includes a first corner and a lens element of the one or more lens elements includes a second corner, and one of the one or more spacers is shaped to mate with the first corner and the second corner. 7. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 6, wherein the one of the one or more spacers has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface attached to the lens barrel at the first corner and the second surface attached to the lens element at the second corner. 8. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the lens barrel includes a first surface, a second surface, and a first corner, the first surface offset to the second surface, the first surface and the second surface form the first corner, a lens element of the one or more lens elements includes a second corner, and one of the one or more spacers is shaped to include offsetting surfaces, a third corner, and a fourth corner, the third corner reciprocal to the first corner and the fourth corner reciprocal to the second corner. 9. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 8, wherein the second surface of the lens barrel includes a first fastening structure, and a surface of the one of the one or more spacers includes a second fastening structure, the second fastening structure to engage with the first fastening structure. 10. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 8, wherein the first surface and the second surface of the lens barrel and the offsetting surfaces of the one of the one or more spacers are parallel to the optical axis. 11. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 3, wherein the lens barrel includes a first segment and a second segment, and one of the one or more spacers is sandwiched between the first segment and the second segment. 12. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 11, wherein the one of the one or more spacers includes a first corner, and a lens element of the one or more lens elements includes a second corner reciprocal to the first corner. 13. An integrated image sensor and lens assembly comprising:
an image sensor substrate comprising an image sensor; lens elements for directing light to the image sensor; a lens barrel housing the lens elements, the lens barrel comprising a material that expands with temperature increase causing a shift in a focal plane along an optical axis; and one or more temperature changing elements coupled to the lens barrel, the one or more temperature changing elements controllable to compensate for the shift by providing a first temperature at a first portion of the lens barrel and by providing a second temperature at a second portion of the lens barrel. 14. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, wherein the lens elements are configured to maintain a substantially constant optical distance between the lens elements and the image sensor. 15. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, further comprising:
a lens mount coupled to the image sensor substrate, the lens mount comprising a tube portion extending from a base portion in a direction of an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the focal plane, the tube portion having a channel and the lens barrel having a portion extending into the channel. 16. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, wherein the lens barrel includes a first corner and a lens element of the lens elements includes a second corner, and spacers are shaped to mate with the first corner and the second corner. 17. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 16, wherein a first spacer of the spacers has a first surface and a second spacer of the spacers has a second surface, the first surface attached to the lens barrel at the first corner and the second surface attached to the lens element at the second corner. 18. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 13, wherein the lens barrel includes a first surface, a second surface, and a first corner, the first surface offset to the second surface, the first surface and the second surface forming the first corner, wherein a lens element of the lens elements includes a second corner, and wherein spacers are shaped to include offsetting surfaces, a third corner, and a fourth corner, the third corner reciprocal to the first corner and the fourth corner reciprocal to the second corner. 19. The integrated image sensor and lens assembly of claim 18, wherein the second surface of the lens barrel includes a first fastening structure, and a surface of the spacers includes a second fastening structure, the second fastening structure to engage with the first fastening structure. 20. A camera comprising:
an integrated image sensor and lens assembly including a lens barrel; and a temperature changing element coupled to the integrated image sensor and lens assembly, the temperature changing element controllable to compensate for a first shift in a focal plane in a first direction along an optical axis by providing a first temperature at a first portion of the lens barrel and by providing a second temperature at a second portion of the lens barrel. | 3,700 |
343,657 | 16,803,086 | 3,741 | Methods for cleaning surfaces are provided. Such a method may comprise contacting a surface with a fluid comprising a compound of Formula I for a period of time; and removing the fluid from the surface, thereby providing a cleaned surface. Vapor phase degreasing systems for cleaning a surface of a component are also provided. Such a system may comprise a boil sump comprising liquid comprising a compound of Formula I; and a holder configured to hold a component in a vapor formed from the liquid. | 1. A method for cleaning a surface, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a surface with a fluid comprising a compound of Formula I for a period of time; and (b) removing the fluid from the surface, thereby providing a cleaned surface, wherein 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is nonflammable. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I has a boiling point of greater than room temperature but less than 90° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is —CR5R6R7. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein R5, R6, R7 are each a halogen and R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, Br, Cl and I. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein R5, R6, R7 are each a halogen; R2 is a halogen; and R3 and R4 are hydrogen. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein R5, R6, R7 are each F; R2 is a halogen; and R3 and R4 are hydrogen. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the compound of Formula I is 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 9. The method of claim 1, the fluid consisting essentially of one or more compounds of Formula I, one or more stabilizers, and optionally, one or more compatibilizers. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid consists essentially of 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene and one or more stabilizers. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is carried out by exposing the surface to a vapor comprising the compound of Formula I and condensing the vapor on the surface. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein steps (a) and (b) are carried out using a vapor phase degreasing system comprising a liquid comprising the compound of Formula I. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising exposing the surface to a vapor comprising the compound of Formula I, the vapor formed from the liquid, and condensing the vapor on the surface. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the compound of Formula I is 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface is contaminated and the cleaned surface exhibits a reduced amount of contaminants as compared to the surface prior to cleaning. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the contaminants are selected from a grease; an oil; a fat; a wax; a resin; a gum; a rosin; a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon molecule, including fragments thereof; and combinations thereof. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface is of an aerospace structure. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface is of a component configured to deliver oxygen. 19. A vapor phase degreasing system for cleaning a surface of a component, the system comprising:
a boil sump comprising liquid comprising a compound of Formula I; and a holder configured to hold a component in a vapor formed from the liquid wherein 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the compound of Formula I is 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 21. The system of claim 19, the liquid consisting essentially of one or more compounds of Formula I, one or more stabilizers, and optionally, one or more compatibilizers. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the liquid consists essentially of 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene and one or more stabilizers. | Methods for cleaning surfaces are provided. Such a method may comprise contacting a surface with a fluid comprising a compound of Formula I for a period of time; and removing the fluid from the surface, thereby providing a cleaned surface. Vapor phase degreasing systems for cleaning a surface of a component are also provided. Such a system may comprise a boil sump comprising liquid comprising a compound of Formula I; and a holder configured to hold a component in a vapor formed from the liquid.1. A method for cleaning a surface, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a surface with a fluid comprising a compound of Formula I for a period of time; and (b) removing the fluid from the surface, thereby providing a cleaned surface, wherein 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is nonflammable. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I has a boiling point of greater than room temperature but less than 90° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is —CR5R6R7. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein R5, R6, R7 are each a halogen and R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, Br, Cl and I. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein R5, R6, R7 are each a halogen; R2 is a halogen; and R3 and R4 are hydrogen. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein R5, R6, R7 are each F; R2 is a halogen; and R3 and R4 are hydrogen. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the compound of Formula I is 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 9. The method of claim 1, the fluid consisting essentially of one or more compounds of Formula I, one or more stabilizers, and optionally, one or more compatibilizers. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid consists essentially of 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene and one or more stabilizers. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is carried out by exposing the surface to a vapor comprising the compound of Formula I and condensing the vapor on the surface. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein steps (a) and (b) are carried out using a vapor phase degreasing system comprising a liquid comprising the compound of Formula I. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising exposing the surface to a vapor comprising the compound of Formula I, the vapor formed from the liquid, and condensing the vapor on the surface. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the compound of Formula I is 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface is contaminated and the cleaned surface exhibits a reduced amount of contaminants as compared to the surface prior to cleaning. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the contaminants are selected from a grease; an oil; a fat; a wax; a resin; a gum; a rosin; a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon molecule, including fragments thereof; and combinations thereof. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface is of an aerospace structure. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface is of a component configured to deliver oxygen. 19. A vapor phase degreasing system for cleaning a surface of a component, the system comprising:
a boil sump comprising liquid comprising a compound of Formula I; and a holder configured to hold a component in a vapor formed from the liquid wherein 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the compound of Formula I is 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene. 21. The system of claim 19, the liquid consisting essentially of one or more compounds of Formula I, one or more stabilizers, and optionally, one or more compatibilizers. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the liquid consists essentially of 2-bromo-3,3,3,-trifluoro-1-propene and one or more stabilizers. | 3,700 |
343,658 | 16,803,116 | 3,741 | Provided is a method for manufacturing a synthetic gemstone from a body tissue of a person or an animal, the method including: extracting a biomaterial from the body tissue; manufacturing a raw material mixture by mixing the biomaterial with a gemstone material; and melting the raw material mixture to form a synthetic gemstone on a crystal seed. | 1. A method for manufacturing a synthetic gemstone from a body tissue of a person or an animal, the method comprising:
extracting a biomaterial from the body tissue; manufacturing a raw material mixture by mixing the biomaterial with a gemstone material; and melting the raw material mixture to form a synthetic gemstone on a crystal seed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial comprises dissolving the body tissue into a solution to manufacture a biomaterial-solution. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the solution is an acidic solution. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the acidic solution is a nitric acid solution. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the dissolving of the body tissue into the solution further comprises stirring the solution. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the dissolving of the body tissue into the solution further comprises heating the solution. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial further comprises filtering the body tissue which has not been dissolved into the solution. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial further comprises completely vaporizing water in the biomaterial-solution. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial further comprises putting the gemstone material into the biomaterial-solution before completely vaporizing water in the biomaterial-solution. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the synthetic gemstone comprises:
a raw material feeding step for feeding the raw material mixture to the raw material feeding part; an igniting and heating step for igniting a flame using oxygen and hydrogen and raising the temperature inside a muffler by the flame; a seed melting step for melting an uppermost portion of the crystal seed; an expanding step for causing the melted raw material mixture to reach the crystal seed to grow a first portion of the synthetic gemstone; a growing step for causing the melted raw material mixture on the first portion to grow a second portion of the synthetic gemstone; and a temperature holding step for decreasing internal stress of the synthetic gemstone. | Provided is a method for manufacturing a synthetic gemstone from a body tissue of a person or an animal, the method including: extracting a biomaterial from the body tissue; manufacturing a raw material mixture by mixing the biomaterial with a gemstone material; and melting the raw material mixture to form a synthetic gemstone on a crystal seed.1. A method for manufacturing a synthetic gemstone from a body tissue of a person or an animal, the method comprising:
extracting a biomaterial from the body tissue; manufacturing a raw material mixture by mixing the biomaterial with a gemstone material; and melting the raw material mixture to form a synthetic gemstone on a crystal seed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial comprises dissolving the body tissue into a solution to manufacture a biomaterial-solution. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the solution is an acidic solution. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the acidic solution is a nitric acid solution. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the dissolving of the body tissue into the solution further comprises stirring the solution. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the dissolving of the body tissue into the solution further comprises heating the solution. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial further comprises filtering the body tissue which has not been dissolved into the solution. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial further comprises completely vaporizing water in the biomaterial-solution. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the extracting of the biomaterial further comprises putting the gemstone material into the biomaterial-solution before completely vaporizing water in the biomaterial-solution. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the synthetic gemstone comprises:
a raw material feeding step for feeding the raw material mixture to the raw material feeding part; an igniting and heating step for igniting a flame using oxygen and hydrogen and raising the temperature inside a muffler by the flame; a seed melting step for melting an uppermost portion of the crystal seed; an expanding step for causing the melted raw material mixture to reach the crystal seed to grow a first portion of the synthetic gemstone; a growing step for causing the melted raw material mixture on the first portion to grow a second portion of the synthetic gemstone; and a temperature holding step for decreasing internal stress of the synthetic gemstone. | 3,700 |
343,659 | 16,803,090 | 3,741 | A vehicle control method of performing automatic braking for automatically braking a vehicle or alarm output, depending on a possibility of a collision between the vehicle and an obstacle, includes: cancelling the automatic braking or the alarm output, when an accelerator operation amount is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output, and cancelling the automatic braking or the alarm output, when a given cancellation condition is satisfied under a situation where the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output. | 1. A vehicle control method of performing automatic braking for automatically braking a vehicle or alarm output, depending on a possibility of a collision between the vehicle and an obstacle, wherein said automatic braking or said alarm output is cancelled when one of a first cancellation condition and a second cancellation condition is fulfilled during said automatic braking or said alarm output, comprising:
cancelling said automatic braking or the alarm output according to a first cancellation condition, wherein the first cancellation condition is fulfilled when an accelerator operation amount is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output; cancelling said automatic braking or the alarm output according to a second cancellation condition other than the first cancellation condition, wherein the second cancellation condition is fulfilled when a steering operation of a driver is performed under a situation where the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output; determining that an automatic braking condition is satisfied based on a result of detection from a laser sensor, and cancelling the automatic braking or the alarm output when a temporary reduction of reflection power of the laser sensor is detected. 2. The vehicle control method according to claim 1, wherein
the automatic braking is started while it is not determined whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied in a control cycle in which an automatic braking condition is satisfied for a first time, and determining whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied is performed after the automatic braking is started. 3. The vehicle control method according to claim 1, wherein a period of determination of the second cancellation condition is shorter than a period of determination of the first cancellation condition. 4. The vehicle control method according to claim 1, wherein when the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied, a target control value of an automatic braking request is reduced at a given rate lower than a given rate used when an automatic braking termination condition is satisfied. 5. A vehicle control system comprising:
a sensor that detects a condition of an obstacle around a vehicle; an accelerator pedal position sensor that detects an operation amount of an accelerator pedal; and an ECU configured to: output a signal that requests automatic braking for automatically braking the vehicle or generation of an alarm, based on said condition of the obstacle, stop output of the signal according to a first cancellation condition, wherein the first cancellation condition is fulfilled when the operation amount of the accelerator pedal is equal to or larger than a first threshold value, or stop the output of the signal according to a second cancellation condition other than the first cancellation condition, wherein the second cancellation condition is fulfilled when a steering operation of a driver is performed under a situation where the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle is smaller than the first threshold value, determine that an automatic braking condition is satisfied based on a result of detection from a laser sensor, and cancel the automatic braking or the alarm output when a temporary reduction of reflection power of the laser sensor is detected. 6. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein the ECU is configured to:
start the automatic braking while it is not determined whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied in a control cycle in which an automatic braking condition is satisfied for a first time, and determine whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied is performed after the automatic braking is started. 7. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein a period of determination of the second cancellation condition is shorter than a period of determination of the first cancellation condition 8. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein when the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied, a target control value of an automatic braking request is reduced at a given rate lower than a given rate used when an automatic braking termination condition is satisfied | A vehicle control method of performing automatic braking for automatically braking a vehicle or alarm output, depending on a possibility of a collision between the vehicle and an obstacle, includes: cancelling the automatic braking or the alarm output, when an accelerator operation amount is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output, and cancelling the automatic braking or the alarm output, when a given cancellation condition is satisfied under a situation where the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output.1. A vehicle control method of performing automatic braking for automatically braking a vehicle or alarm output, depending on a possibility of a collision between the vehicle and an obstacle, wherein said automatic braking or said alarm output is cancelled when one of a first cancellation condition and a second cancellation condition is fulfilled during said automatic braking or said alarm output, comprising:
cancelling said automatic braking or the alarm output according to a first cancellation condition, wherein the first cancellation condition is fulfilled when an accelerator operation amount is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output; cancelling said automatic braking or the alarm output according to a second cancellation condition other than the first cancellation condition, wherein the second cancellation condition is fulfilled when a steering operation of a driver is performed under a situation where the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, during the automatic braking or the alarm output; determining that an automatic braking condition is satisfied based on a result of detection from a laser sensor, and cancelling the automatic braking or the alarm output when a temporary reduction of reflection power of the laser sensor is detected. 2. The vehicle control method according to claim 1, wherein
the automatic braking is started while it is not determined whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied in a control cycle in which an automatic braking condition is satisfied for a first time, and determining whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied is performed after the automatic braking is started. 3. The vehicle control method according to claim 1, wherein a period of determination of the second cancellation condition is shorter than a period of determination of the first cancellation condition. 4. The vehicle control method according to claim 1, wherein when the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied, a target control value of an automatic braking request is reduced at a given rate lower than a given rate used when an automatic braking termination condition is satisfied. 5. A vehicle control system comprising:
a sensor that detects a condition of an obstacle around a vehicle; an accelerator pedal position sensor that detects an operation amount of an accelerator pedal; and an ECU configured to: output a signal that requests automatic braking for automatically braking the vehicle or generation of an alarm, based on said condition of the obstacle, stop output of the signal according to a first cancellation condition, wherein the first cancellation condition is fulfilled when the operation amount of the accelerator pedal is equal to or larger than a first threshold value, or stop the output of the signal according to a second cancellation condition other than the first cancellation condition, wherein the second cancellation condition is fulfilled when a steering operation of a driver is performed under a situation where the accelerator operation amount of the vehicle is smaller than the first threshold value, determine that an automatic braking condition is satisfied based on a result of detection from a laser sensor, and cancel the automatic braking or the alarm output when a temporary reduction of reflection power of the laser sensor is detected. 6. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein the ECU is configured to:
start the automatic braking while it is not determined whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied in a control cycle in which an automatic braking condition is satisfied for a first time, and determine whether the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied is performed after the automatic braking is started. 7. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein a period of determination of the second cancellation condition is shorter than a period of determination of the first cancellation condition 8. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein when the first cancellation condition or the second cancellation condition is satisfied, a target control value of an automatic braking request is reduced at a given rate lower than a given rate used when an automatic braking termination condition is satisfied | 3,700 |
343,660 | 16,803,089 | 3,741 | A method of forming a semiconductor device includes removing a dummy gate from over a semiconductor fin; depositing a glue layer and a fill metal over the semiconductor fin; and simultaneously etching the glue layer and the fill metal with a wet etching solution, the wet etching solution etching the glue layer at a faster rate than the fill metal and reshaping the fill metal. | 1. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
removing a dummy gate from over a semiconductor fin; depositing a glue layer and a fill metal over the semiconductor fin; and simultaneously etching the glue layer and the fill metal with a wet etching solution, the wet etching solution etching the glue layer at a faster rate than the fill metal and reshaping the fill metal, wherein sidewalls of the fill metal extend above the glue layer after the simultaneously etching the glue layer and the fill metal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the glue layer comprises titanium nitride and the fill metal comprises tungsten. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein after the reshaping the fill metal the fill metal has a width of between about 2 nm and about 10 nm. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the reshaping the fill metal the fill metal has a height of between about 5 nm and about 25 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wet etching solution comprises:
an etchant; an oxidant; and a stabilizer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the oxidant is perchloric acid, the etchant is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and the stabilizer is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxidant has a concentration within a solvent of between about 3% and about 20%, the etchant has a concentration within the solvent of between about 0.5% and about 15%, and the stabilizer has a concentration within the solvent of between about 0.1% and about 5%. 8. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a glue layer and a fill metal between a first spacer and a second spacer over a semiconductor fin; applying a wet etching solution to the glue layer and the fill metal, the glue layer having a larger etching rate for the wet etching solution than the fill metal, the wet etching solution comprising:
an amine etchant;
an oxidant; and
a oxidant stabilizer; and
removing the wet etching solution, wherein after the removing the wet etching solution the fill metal extends above a top surface of the first spacer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the forming the glue layer and the fill metal forms the glue layer and the fill metal in a first region between the first spacer and the second spacer and also in a second region between the first spacer and the second spacer, the first region also being between a third spacer and a fourth spacer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein after the removing the wet etching solution the glue layer is located within the first region but not the second region. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein after the removing the wet etching solution the fill metal extends from within the first region to within the second region. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the fill metal comprises tungsten and the glue layer comprises titanium nitride. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the amine comprises ammonium hydroxide. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidant comprises perchloric acid. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the oxidant stabilizer is 1,2-cyclohexanedinitrilotetraacetic acid. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor fin; first spacers over the semiconductor fin; second spacers over the semiconductor fin, the second spacers extending further from the semiconductor fin than the first spacers, respective outer sidewalls of the first spacers being covered by respective inner sidewalls of the second spacers, wherein a first region is between the first spacers and a second region is between the second spacers over the first region; a gate dielectric within the first region; a glue layer over the gate dielectric within the first region but not extending into the second region; and a fill metal located within both the first region and the second region, the fill metal extending further than the first spacers from the semiconductor fin and extending less than the second spacers from the semiconductor fin. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the fill metal has a width of between about 2 nm and about 10 nm. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the fill metal has a height of between about 5 nm and about 25 nm. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the fill metal is tungsten and the glue layer is titanium nitride. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the fill metal has a curved surface facing away from the semiconductor fin. | A method of forming a semiconductor device includes removing a dummy gate from over a semiconductor fin; depositing a glue layer and a fill metal over the semiconductor fin; and simultaneously etching the glue layer and the fill metal with a wet etching solution, the wet etching solution etching the glue layer at a faster rate than the fill metal and reshaping the fill metal.1. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
removing a dummy gate from over a semiconductor fin; depositing a glue layer and a fill metal over the semiconductor fin; and simultaneously etching the glue layer and the fill metal with a wet etching solution, the wet etching solution etching the glue layer at a faster rate than the fill metal and reshaping the fill metal, wherein sidewalls of the fill metal extend above the glue layer after the simultaneously etching the glue layer and the fill metal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the glue layer comprises titanium nitride and the fill metal comprises tungsten. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein after the reshaping the fill metal the fill metal has a width of between about 2 nm and about 10 nm. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the reshaping the fill metal the fill metal has a height of between about 5 nm and about 25 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wet etching solution comprises:
an etchant; an oxidant; and a stabilizer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the oxidant is perchloric acid, the etchant is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and the stabilizer is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxidant has a concentration within a solvent of between about 3% and about 20%, the etchant has a concentration within the solvent of between about 0.5% and about 15%, and the stabilizer has a concentration within the solvent of between about 0.1% and about 5%. 8. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a glue layer and a fill metal between a first spacer and a second spacer over a semiconductor fin; applying a wet etching solution to the glue layer and the fill metal, the glue layer having a larger etching rate for the wet etching solution than the fill metal, the wet etching solution comprising:
an amine etchant;
an oxidant; and
a oxidant stabilizer; and
removing the wet etching solution, wherein after the removing the wet etching solution the fill metal extends above a top surface of the first spacer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the forming the glue layer and the fill metal forms the glue layer and the fill metal in a first region between the first spacer and the second spacer and also in a second region between the first spacer and the second spacer, the first region also being between a third spacer and a fourth spacer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein after the removing the wet etching solution the glue layer is located within the first region but not the second region. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein after the removing the wet etching solution the fill metal extends from within the first region to within the second region. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the fill metal comprises tungsten and the glue layer comprises titanium nitride. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the amine comprises ammonium hydroxide. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the oxidant comprises perchloric acid. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the oxidant stabilizer is 1,2-cyclohexanedinitrilotetraacetic acid. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor fin; first spacers over the semiconductor fin; second spacers over the semiconductor fin, the second spacers extending further from the semiconductor fin than the first spacers, respective outer sidewalls of the first spacers being covered by respective inner sidewalls of the second spacers, wherein a first region is between the first spacers and a second region is between the second spacers over the first region; a gate dielectric within the first region; a glue layer over the gate dielectric within the first region but not extending into the second region; and a fill metal located within both the first region and the second region, the fill metal extending further than the first spacers from the semiconductor fin and extending less than the second spacers from the semiconductor fin. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the fill metal has a width of between about 2 nm and about 10 nm. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the fill metal has a height of between about 5 nm and about 25 nm. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the fill metal is tungsten and the glue layer is titanium nitride. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the fill metal has a curved surface facing away from the semiconductor fin. | 3,700 |
343,661 | 16,803,071 | 3,741 | An end effector includes an anvil and a cartridge assembly having a plurality of surgical staples disposed in a cavity defined therein. The cartridge assembly may include a movable driver or sled configured to deploy the surgical staple from the cavity into tissue. The surgical staple may include a linear leg and an arcuate leg extending therefrom. The linear leg may include a protruding portion to provide pressure to tissue captured by the surgical staple. A three-dimensional and/or self-supporting surgical staple may interlock its two legs upon deployment thereof. | 1. An end effector for a surgical stapler, the end effector comprising:
an anvil including a staple forming surface that defines therein:
a first staple forming pocket configured to engage an end of a long leg of a staple; and
a second staple forming pocket disposed adjacent the first staple forming pocket, the second staple forming pocket being configured to engage an end of a short leg of the staple; and
a cartridge assembly movably coupled to the anvil between unapproximated and approximated positions, the cartridge assembly defining a longitudinal axis and a pocket extending at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the pocket of the cartridge assembly supporting the staple therein, the cartridge assembly including a driver configured to move the staple into engagement with the staple forming surface of the anvil to deform the staple. 2. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first and second staple forming pockets are perpendicular to one another. 3. The end effector according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second staple forming pockets has an elongated configuration. 4. The end effector according to claim 3, wherein the first staple forming pocket defines a first longitudinal axis, and the second staple forming pocket defines a second longitudinal axis that is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis of the first staple forming pocket. 5. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the end of the short leg of the staple is configured to curve around the end of the long leg of the staple upon deformation of the staple. 6. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first anvil pocket is longer than the second anvil pocket, such that the first anvil pocket deforms the long leg to a lesser degree than the second anvil pocket deforms the short leg. 7. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first anvil pocket is parallel with a longitudinal axis defined by the anvil, and the second anvil pocket is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the anvil. 8. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first anvil pocket is configured to deform the long leg about a first axis, and the second anvil pocket is configured to deform the short leg about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. 9. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the pocket of the cartridge assembly is configured to direct movement of the staple along an axis defined by the pocket of the cartridge assembly, the axis of the pocket of the cartridge assembly extending at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge assembly. 10. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the driver has a planar driving surface, the driver being translatable along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge assembly such that engagement of the planar driving surface of the driver with the staple urges the staple towards engagement with the staple forming surface of the anvil to deform the staple. 11. The end effector according to claim 10, wherein the cartridge assembly defines an elongate channel for housing the driver, the elongate channel intersecting the pocket of the cartridge assembly. 12. An anvil configured to apply a compressive force on a surgical staple, the surgical staple having a first leg and a second leg, the anvil comprising:
a staple forming surface defining therein:
a first staple forming pocket configured to engage an end of the long leg of the staple; and
a second staple forming pocket disposed adjacent the first staple forming pocket, the second staple forming pocket being configured to engage an end of the short leg of the staple, wherein the first anvil pocket is configured to deform the long leg about a first axis, and the second anvil pocket is configured to deform the short leg about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. 13. The anvil according to claim 12, wherein the first and second staple forming pockets are perpendicular to one another. 14. The anvil according to claim 13, wherein each of the first and second staple forming pockets has an elongated configuration. 15. The anvil according to claim 14, wherein the first staple forming pocket defines a first longitudinal axis, and the second staple forming pocket defines a second longitudinal axis that is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis of the first staple forming pocket. 16. The anvil according to claim 12, wherein the first anvil pocket is longer than the second anvil pocket, such that the first anvil pocket deforms the long leg to a lesser degree than the second anvil pocket deforms the short leg. 17. The anvil according to claim 12, wherein the first anvil pocket is parallel with a longitudinal axis defined by the anvil, and the second anvil pocket is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the anvil. 18. A surgical staple, comprising:
a backspan having a first end portion and a second end portion; a long leg extending at an angle from the first end portion of the backspan and having a pointed end; and a short leg extending at an angle from the second end portion of the backspan and having a pointed end, wherein the long leg is longer than the short leg and is configured to deform about a first axis, and the short leg is configured to deform about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. 19. The surgical staple according to claim 18, wherein the long and short legs are substantially parallel with one another. 20. The surgical staple according to claim 18, wherein the short leg has a length that is approximately half of a length of the long leg. | An end effector includes an anvil and a cartridge assembly having a plurality of surgical staples disposed in a cavity defined therein. The cartridge assembly may include a movable driver or sled configured to deploy the surgical staple from the cavity into tissue. The surgical staple may include a linear leg and an arcuate leg extending therefrom. The linear leg may include a protruding portion to provide pressure to tissue captured by the surgical staple. A three-dimensional and/or self-supporting surgical staple may interlock its two legs upon deployment thereof.1. An end effector for a surgical stapler, the end effector comprising:
an anvil including a staple forming surface that defines therein:
a first staple forming pocket configured to engage an end of a long leg of a staple; and
a second staple forming pocket disposed adjacent the first staple forming pocket, the second staple forming pocket being configured to engage an end of a short leg of the staple; and
a cartridge assembly movably coupled to the anvil between unapproximated and approximated positions, the cartridge assembly defining a longitudinal axis and a pocket extending at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the pocket of the cartridge assembly supporting the staple therein, the cartridge assembly including a driver configured to move the staple into engagement with the staple forming surface of the anvil to deform the staple. 2. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first and second staple forming pockets are perpendicular to one another. 3. The end effector according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second staple forming pockets has an elongated configuration. 4. The end effector according to claim 3, wherein the first staple forming pocket defines a first longitudinal axis, and the second staple forming pocket defines a second longitudinal axis that is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis of the first staple forming pocket. 5. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the end of the short leg of the staple is configured to curve around the end of the long leg of the staple upon deformation of the staple. 6. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first anvil pocket is longer than the second anvil pocket, such that the first anvil pocket deforms the long leg to a lesser degree than the second anvil pocket deforms the short leg. 7. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first anvil pocket is parallel with a longitudinal axis defined by the anvil, and the second anvil pocket is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the anvil. 8. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first anvil pocket is configured to deform the long leg about a first axis, and the second anvil pocket is configured to deform the short leg about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. 9. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the pocket of the cartridge assembly is configured to direct movement of the staple along an axis defined by the pocket of the cartridge assembly, the axis of the pocket of the cartridge assembly extending at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge assembly. 10. The end effector according to claim 1, wherein the driver has a planar driving surface, the driver being translatable along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge assembly such that engagement of the planar driving surface of the driver with the staple urges the staple towards engagement with the staple forming surface of the anvil to deform the staple. 11. The end effector according to claim 10, wherein the cartridge assembly defines an elongate channel for housing the driver, the elongate channel intersecting the pocket of the cartridge assembly. 12. An anvil configured to apply a compressive force on a surgical staple, the surgical staple having a first leg and a second leg, the anvil comprising:
a staple forming surface defining therein:
a first staple forming pocket configured to engage an end of the long leg of the staple; and
a second staple forming pocket disposed adjacent the first staple forming pocket, the second staple forming pocket being configured to engage an end of the short leg of the staple, wherein the first anvil pocket is configured to deform the long leg about a first axis, and the second anvil pocket is configured to deform the short leg about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. 13. The anvil according to claim 12, wherein the first and second staple forming pockets are perpendicular to one another. 14. The anvil according to claim 13, wherein each of the first and second staple forming pockets has an elongated configuration. 15. The anvil according to claim 14, wherein the first staple forming pocket defines a first longitudinal axis, and the second staple forming pocket defines a second longitudinal axis that is perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis of the first staple forming pocket. 16. The anvil according to claim 12, wherein the first anvil pocket is longer than the second anvil pocket, such that the first anvil pocket deforms the long leg to a lesser degree than the second anvil pocket deforms the short leg. 17. The anvil according to claim 12, wherein the first anvil pocket is parallel with a longitudinal axis defined by the anvil, and the second anvil pocket is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the anvil. 18. A surgical staple, comprising:
a backspan having a first end portion and a second end portion; a long leg extending at an angle from the first end portion of the backspan and having a pointed end; and a short leg extending at an angle from the second end portion of the backspan and having a pointed end, wherein the long leg is longer than the short leg and is configured to deform about a first axis, and the short leg is configured to deform about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. 19. The surgical staple according to claim 18, wherein the long and short legs are substantially parallel with one another. 20. The surgical staple according to claim 18, wherein the short leg has a length that is approximately half of a length of the long leg. | 3,700 |
343,662 | 16,803,100 | 3,741 | A plug connection for electrically and mechanically coupling a pair of electrical conductors includes a coupling having a coupling housing and a lever with a locking element, a pin strip having a pin strip housing with a recess receiving the locking element, and a projection arranged between the lever and the pin strip housing. The lever is rotatably mounted at the coupling housing orthogonally to a plug-in direction. The coupling housing is arranged at least in sections on the pin strip housing in a form-fitting manner and the locking element is arranged adjacent to the recess in a pre-locking position of the lever. The locking element is brought into an operative connection with the recess by rotation of the lever. When a plugging force is applied onto the coupling housing, the projection generates a counter force on the lever against the plugging force. | 1. A plug connection for electrically and mechanically coupling a pair of electrical conductors, comprising:
a coupling having a coupling housing and a lever with a locking element, the lever rotatably mounted at the coupling housing orthogonally to a plug-in direction; a pin strip having a pin strip housing with a recess receiving the locking element, the coupling housing is arranged at least in sections on the pin strip housing in a form-fitting manner and the locking element is arranged adjacent to the recess in a pre-locking position of the lever, the locking element is brought into an operative connection with the recess by rotation of the lever; and a projection arranged between the lever and the pin strip housing, when a plugging force is applied onto the coupling housing the projection generates a counter force on the lever against the plugging force. 2. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the lever is rotatable in a direction of a final locking position by the counter force. 3. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the lever is rotatable into the final locking position by the counter force. 4. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the lever is rotatable into the final locking position by the counter force and an engagement of the locking element in the recess. 5. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the projection is arranged on the lever. 6. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the projection is arranged on the pin strip housing. 7. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the projection is rigid or flexible. 8. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the locking element is connected to the recess in a form-fitting manner in the final locking position. 9. The plug connection of claim 8, wherein the coupling housing is locked on the pin strip housing in the final locking position. 10. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the locking element is connected to the recess in a force-fitting or frictional manner in the final locking position. 11. The plug connection of claim 10, wherein the coupling housing is locked on the pin strip housing in the final locking position. 12. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the locking element is a tooth of a toothed gear segment. 13. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the recess is a tooth spacing of a toothed rod segment. 14. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein, by rotating the lever into the pre-locking position, the coupling housing is spaced apart from the pin strip housing against the plug-in direction through interaction of the locking element and the recess. | A plug connection for electrically and mechanically coupling a pair of electrical conductors includes a coupling having a coupling housing and a lever with a locking element, a pin strip having a pin strip housing with a recess receiving the locking element, and a projection arranged between the lever and the pin strip housing. The lever is rotatably mounted at the coupling housing orthogonally to a plug-in direction. The coupling housing is arranged at least in sections on the pin strip housing in a form-fitting manner and the locking element is arranged adjacent to the recess in a pre-locking position of the lever. The locking element is brought into an operative connection with the recess by rotation of the lever. When a plugging force is applied onto the coupling housing, the projection generates a counter force on the lever against the plugging force.1. A plug connection for electrically and mechanically coupling a pair of electrical conductors, comprising:
a coupling having a coupling housing and a lever with a locking element, the lever rotatably mounted at the coupling housing orthogonally to a plug-in direction; a pin strip having a pin strip housing with a recess receiving the locking element, the coupling housing is arranged at least in sections on the pin strip housing in a form-fitting manner and the locking element is arranged adjacent to the recess in a pre-locking position of the lever, the locking element is brought into an operative connection with the recess by rotation of the lever; and a projection arranged between the lever and the pin strip housing, when a plugging force is applied onto the coupling housing the projection generates a counter force on the lever against the plugging force. 2. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the lever is rotatable in a direction of a final locking position by the counter force. 3. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the lever is rotatable into the final locking position by the counter force. 4. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the lever is rotatable into the final locking position by the counter force and an engagement of the locking element in the recess. 5. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the projection is arranged on the lever. 6. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the projection is arranged on the pin strip housing. 7. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the projection is rigid or flexible. 8. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the locking element is connected to the recess in a form-fitting manner in the final locking position. 9. The plug connection of claim 8, wherein the coupling housing is locked on the pin strip housing in the final locking position. 10. The plug connection of claim 2, wherein the locking element is connected to the recess in a force-fitting or frictional manner in the final locking position. 11. The plug connection of claim 10, wherein the coupling housing is locked on the pin strip housing in the final locking position. 12. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the locking element is a tooth of a toothed gear segment. 13. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein the recess is a tooth spacing of a toothed rod segment. 14. The plug connection of claim 1, wherein, by rotating the lever into the pre-locking position, the coupling housing is spaced apart from the pin strip housing against the plug-in direction through interaction of the locking element and the recess. | 3,700 |
343,663 | 16,803,110 | 3,741 | A fuel system for a gas turbine engine includes a fuel pump to provide fuel flow during engine operation and a transmission system that includes an output shaft coupled to drive the fuel pump, and an input shaft driven through a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine. The output shaft drives the fuel pump at a variable speed that is independent of a rotational speed of the input shaft. | 1. A fuel system for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation; and a transmission system including an output shaft coupled to drive the fuel pump and an input shaft driven through a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine, wherein the output shaft drives the fuel pump at a variable speed that is independent of a rotational speed of the input shaft. 2. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmission system comprises a hydraulic drive driven by the mechanical link. 3. The fuel system as recited in claim 2, wherein the output shaft is coupled to the hydraulic drive and a hydraulic control valve controls the hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic drive for controlling a speed of the output shaft. 4. The fuel system as recited in claim 3, wherein the hydraulic drive comprises a constant speed drive. 5. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission with first shaft coupled to the input shaft, a second shaft coupled to the output shaft and a flexible link coupling the first shaft to the second shaft. 6. The fuel system as recited in claim 5, wherein the first shaft includes a primary pulley and the second shaft includes a secondary pulley with the flexible link disposed between the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, wherein each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley include halves split relative to the axis of rotation and the flexible link comprises a V-shape in cross-section, wherein a distance between the halves of each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley is variable to change a drive ratio between input shaft and the output shaft. 7. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the variable speed of the output shaft is controlled responsive to a fuel flow demand of the gas turbine engine. 8. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmission system comprises a variable drive that is controlled to provide a speed of the output shaft independent of the speed of the input shaft. 9. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, including a heat exchanger for transferring heat into a fuel flow generated by the fuel pump. 10. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a fan rotatable within a fan nacelle; a core engine including a compressor communicating compressed air to a combustor where compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-energy gas flow expanded through a turbine; and a fuel system including:
a fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation; and
a transmission system including an output shaft coupled to drive the fuel pump and an input shaft driven through a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine, wherein the output shaft drives the fuel pump at a variable speed that is independent of a rotational speed of the input shaft. 11. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, wherein the transmission system comprises a hydraulic drive driven by the mechanical link. 12. The fuel system as recited in claim 11, wherein the output shaft is coupled to the hydraulic drive and a hydraulic control valve controls the hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic drive for controlling a speed of the output shaft. 13. The fuel system as recited in claim 11, wherein the hydraulic drive comprises a constant speed drive. 14. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission with first shaft coupled to the input shaft, a second shaft coupled to the output shaft and a flexible link coupling the first shaft to the second shaft. 15. The fuel system as recited in claim 14, wherein the first shaft includes a primary pulley and the second shaft includes a secondary pulley with the flexible link disposed between the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, wherein each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley include halves split relative to the axis of rotation and the flexible link comprises a V-shape in cross-section, wherein a distance between the halves of each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley is variable to change a drive ratio between input shaft and the output shaft. 16. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, wherein the transmission system comprises a variable drive that is controlled to provide a speed of the output shaft independent of the speed of the input shaft and the variable speed of the output shaft is controlled responsive to a fuel flow demand of the gas turbine engine. 17. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, including a heat exchanger for transferring heat into a fuel flow generated by the fuel pump. 18. A method of supplying fuel to a combustor of a gas turbine engine comprising:
driving an input shaft of a transmission system with a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine at a varying input speed; driving a fuel pump with an output shaft of the transmission system at a varying output speed that is independent of the varying input speed, wherein the varying output speed drives the fuel pump at a speed that provides fuel flow corresponding with an operating condition of the engine determined to minimize excess fuel flow. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein the transmission system comprises a hydraulic drive powered by a hydraulic fluid flow from a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump driven by the mechanical link, the output shaft is coupled to the hydraulic drive and a hydraulic control valve controls the hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic drive for controlling the varying output speed. 20. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission with first shaft coupled to the input shaft, a second shaft coupled to the output shaft and a flexible link coupling the first shaft to the second shaft, the first shaft includes a primary pulley and the second shaft includes a secondary pulley with the flexible link disposed between the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, wherein each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley include halves split relative to the axis of rotation and the flexible link comprises a V-shape in cross-section, and a distance between the halves of each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley is variable to change a drive ratio between input shaft and the output shaft. | A fuel system for a gas turbine engine includes a fuel pump to provide fuel flow during engine operation and a transmission system that includes an output shaft coupled to drive the fuel pump, and an input shaft driven through a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine. The output shaft drives the fuel pump at a variable speed that is independent of a rotational speed of the input shaft.1. A fuel system for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation; and a transmission system including an output shaft coupled to drive the fuel pump and an input shaft driven through a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine, wherein the output shaft drives the fuel pump at a variable speed that is independent of a rotational speed of the input shaft. 2. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmission system comprises a hydraulic drive driven by the mechanical link. 3. The fuel system as recited in claim 2, wherein the output shaft is coupled to the hydraulic drive and a hydraulic control valve controls the hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic drive for controlling a speed of the output shaft. 4. The fuel system as recited in claim 3, wherein the hydraulic drive comprises a constant speed drive. 5. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission with first shaft coupled to the input shaft, a second shaft coupled to the output shaft and a flexible link coupling the first shaft to the second shaft. 6. The fuel system as recited in claim 5, wherein the first shaft includes a primary pulley and the second shaft includes a secondary pulley with the flexible link disposed between the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, wherein each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley include halves split relative to the axis of rotation and the flexible link comprises a V-shape in cross-section, wherein a distance between the halves of each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley is variable to change a drive ratio between input shaft and the output shaft. 7. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the variable speed of the output shaft is controlled responsive to a fuel flow demand of the gas turbine engine. 8. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmission system comprises a variable drive that is controlled to provide a speed of the output shaft independent of the speed of the input shaft. 9. The fuel system as recited in claim 1, including a heat exchanger for transferring heat into a fuel flow generated by the fuel pump. 10. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a fan rotatable within a fan nacelle; a core engine including a compressor communicating compressed air to a combustor where compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-energy gas flow expanded through a turbine; and a fuel system including:
a fuel pump providing fuel flow during engine operation; and
a transmission system including an output shaft coupled to drive the fuel pump and an input shaft driven through a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine, wherein the output shaft drives the fuel pump at a variable speed that is independent of a rotational speed of the input shaft. 11. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, wherein the transmission system comprises a hydraulic drive driven by the mechanical link. 12. The fuel system as recited in claim 11, wherein the output shaft is coupled to the hydraulic drive and a hydraulic control valve controls the hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic drive for controlling a speed of the output shaft. 13. The fuel system as recited in claim 11, wherein the hydraulic drive comprises a constant speed drive. 14. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission with first shaft coupled to the input shaft, a second shaft coupled to the output shaft and a flexible link coupling the first shaft to the second shaft. 15. The fuel system as recited in claim 14, wherein the first shaft includes a primary pulley and the second shaft includes a secondary pulley with the flexible link disposed between the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, wherein each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley include halves split relative to the axis of rotation and the flexible link comprises a V-shape in cross-section, wherein a distance between the halves of each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley is variable to change a drive ratio between input shaft and the output shaft. 16. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, wherein the transmission system comprises a variable drive that is controlled to provide a speed of the output shaft independent of the speed of the input shaft and the variable speed of the output shaft is controlled responsive to a fuel flow demand of the gas turbine engine. 17. The fuel system as recited in claim 10, including a heat exchanger for transferring heat into a fuel flow generated by the fuel pump. 18. A method of supplying fuel to a combustor of a gas turbine engine comprising:
driving an input shaft of a transmission system with a mechanical link to a shaft of the gas turbine engine at a varying input speed; driving a fuel pump with an output shaft of the transmission system at a varying output speed that is independent of the varying input speed, wherein the varying output speed drives the fuel pump at a speed that provides fuel flow corresponding with an operating condition of the engine determined to minimize excess fuel flow. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein the transmission system comprises a hydraulic drive powered by a hydraulic fluid flow from a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump driven by the mechanical link, the output shaft is coupled to the hydraulic drive and a hydraulic control valve controls the hydraulic fluid flow to the hydraulic drive for controlling the varying output speed. 20. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission with first shaft coupled to the input shaft, a second shaft coupled to the output shaft and a flexible link coupling the first shaft to the second shaft, the first shaft includes a primary pulley and the second shaft includes a secondary pulley with the flexible link disposed between the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, wherein each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley include halves split relative to the axis of rotation and the flexible link comprises a V-shape in cross-section, and a distance between the halves of each of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley is variable to change a drive ratio between input shaft and the output shaft. | 3,700 |
343,664 | 16,803,111 | 3,741 | A system for data routing includes a set of beacons, an object, and a data routing system. A method for data routing can include: generating a routing table, determining a data routing path based on the routing table, and routing data to an endpoint based on the data routing path. | 1. A method for routing data within a local node network including a plurality of individually-addressed Bluetooth nodes, the method comprising:
at a remote computing system physically remote from the node network:
determining a batch update for the plurality of nodes of the local node network;
wirelessly connecting to a first node of the network, wherein the first node comprises a long-range radio system;
after wirelessly connecting to the first node, transmitting the batch update to the first node;
at the first node:
receiving the batch update from the remote computing system; and
transmitting the batch update to each remaining node of the network using Bluetooth radios. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after transmitting the batch update to each remaining node with the first node, at each remaining node:
receiving the batch update while operating in a scanning mode;
operating according to the batch update, comprising transmitting a packet based on the batch update;
at the first node:
receiving the packet from each remaining node; and
determining that each node of the local node network is operating according to the batch update based on the respective packet. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the respective packet comprises a firmware version, and wherein each node is determined to be operating according to the batch update based on the firmware version of the respective packet. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the batch update to each remaining node comprises:
at the first node, forwarding the batch update to a next node; and at the next node:
receiving the batch update; and
in response to receiving the batch update, operating according to the batch update. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the long-range radio system comprises a cellular hardware module. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the long-range radio system comprises a Wi-Fi hardware module. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a batch update for the plurality of nodes of the node network comprises:
receiving operation parameter settings from a remote interface, wherein the operation parameter settings comprise user input that specifies a first parameter; and generating the batch update based on the stored operation parameter settings. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising,
at the remote computing system:
determining a battery level of each node within the node network;
generating a routing table for the node network based on the node battery levels;
transmitting, to the first node of the node network:
the batch update addressed to a target node of the node network; and
an optimal routing path from the first node to the target node, the optimal routing path determined based on the routing table;
at the first node,
receiving the batch update and the optimal routing path from the remote computing system; and
routing the batch update from the first node to the target node according to the optimal routing path, using the respective Bluetooth radios of nodes identified within the optimal routing path. 9. A method comprising:
at each venue node of a local node network, generating a respective venue node telemetry, wherein the local node network comprises a plurality of individually-addressed venue nodes, each statically mounted to a known location of a first venue, wherein the first venue encloses a second venue; at a first node, comprising a long-range radio and mounted to a second known location of the second venue, determining first node telemetry; at a remote computing system physically remote from the node network:
receiving the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry from the first node using the long-range radio;
generating a notification for a user based on the first node telemetry; and
transmitting the notification to the first node using the long-range radio, wherein the first node forwards the notification to a device associated with the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the notification for the user based on the first node telemetry comprises:
determining an event associated with the device; and in response to determining the event, sending the notification to the first node using the long-range radio, wherein the long-range radio is a cellular hardware module. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the first node telemetry comprises:
sampling sensor signals with sensors on-board the first node; and generating the first node telemetry based on the sensor signals. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the notification for the user based on the first node telemetry occurs in response to determining location of a device, associated with the user, outside of the second venue based on the first node telemetry. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is a smartphone. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the device broadcasts a device identifier. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising batch updating the nodes of the node network, comprising:
at the remote computing system:
determining a batch update for a plurality of nodes of the local node network;
wirelessly connecting to the first node via the long-range radio;
after wirelessly connecting to the first node, transmitting the batch update to the first node;
at the first node:
receiving the batch update from the remote computing system; and
transmitting the batch update to each remaining node of the network using Bluetooth radios;
after transmitting the batch update, determining that each node is operating according to the batch update based on a respective packet received from each node. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first venue is static. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein, at the remote computing system:
receiving the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry comprises:
storing the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry of each node in association with a respective node identifier associated with the node; and
monitoring the stored first node telemetry and the stored venue node telemetry for occurrence of a predetermined event;
wherein the notification for the user is generated and transmitted to an application running on a user device associated with the user in response to occurrence of the predetermined event. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry further comprises:
receiving the respective node identifiers, wherein each node identifier rotates based on a shared rule; and resolving each respective node identifier into a respective static node identifier based on the shared rule; wherein storing the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry in association with the respective node identifier comprises storing the respective node telemetry in association with the respective static node identifier. 19. A method for routing data within a local node network including a plurality of individually-addressed Bluetooth nodes, the method comprising:
at a first node mounted to a static first venue, wherein the first node comprises a long-range radio and does not comprise a screen:
receiving a first identifier associated with a user;
generating first node telemetry associated with the first identifier;
at a remote computing system physically remote from the node network:
receiving the first node telemetry from the first node using the long-range radio;
determining a user location within the first venue based on the first node telemetry;
generating a notification for a device based on the user location; and
transmitting the notification to the device using a secondary communication system, distinct from the long-range radio. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first node forwards the notification to the device using the local node network. | A system for data routing includes a set of beacons, an object, and a data routing system. A method for data routing can include: generating a routing table, determining a data routing path based on the routing table, and routing data to an endpoint based on the data routing path.1. A method for routing data within a local node network including a plurality of individually-addressed Bluetooth nodes, the method comprising:
at a remote computing system physically remote from the node network:
determining a batch update for the plurality of nodes of the local node network;
wirelessly connecting to a first node of the network, wherein the first node comprises a long-range radio system;
after wirelessly connecting to the first node, transmitting the batch update to the first node;
at the first node:
receiving the batch update from the remote computing system; and
transmitting the batch update to each remaining node of the network using Bluetooth radios. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after transmitting the batch update to each remaining node with the first node, at each remaining node:
receiving the batch update while operating in a scanning mode;
operating according to the batch update, comprising transmitting a packet based on the batch update;
at the first node:
receiving the packet from each remaining node; and
determining that each node of the local node network is operating according to the batch update based on the respective packet. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the respective packet comprises a firmware version, and wherein each node is determined to be operating according to the batch update based on the firmware version of the respective packet. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the batch update to each remaining node comprises:
at the first node, forwarding the batch update to a next node; and at the next node:
receiving the batch update; and
in response to receiving the batch update, operating according to the batch update. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the long-range radio system comprises a cellular hardware module. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the long-range radio system comprises a Wi-Fi hardware module. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a batch update for the plurality of nodes of the node network comprises:
receiving operation parameter settings from a remote interface, wherein the operation parameter settings comprise user input that specifies a first parameter; and generating the batch update based on the stored operation parameter settings. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising,
at the remote computing system:
determining a battery level of each node within the node network;
generating a routing table for the node network based on the node battery levels;
transmitting, to the first node of the node network:
the batch update addressed to a target node of the node network; and
an optimal routing path from the first node to the target node, the optimal routing path determined based on the routing table;
at the first node,
receiving the batch update and the optimal routing path from the remote computing system; and
routing the batch update from the first node to the target node according to the optimal routing path, using the respective Bluetooth radios of nodes identified within the optimal routing path. 9. A method comprising:
at each venue node of a local node network, generating a respective venue node telemetry, wherein the local node network comprises a plurality of individually-addressed venue nodes, each statically mounted to a known location of a first venue, wherein the first venue encloses a second venue; at a first node, comprising a long-range radio and mounted to a second known location of the second venue, determining first node telemetry; at a remote computing system physically remote from the node network:
receiving the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry from the first node using the long-range radio;
generating a notification for a user based on the first node telemetry; and
transmitting the notification to the first node using the long-range radio, wherein the first node forwards the notification to a device associated with the user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the notification for the user based on the first node telemetry comprises:
determining an event associated with the device; and in response to determining the event, sending the notification to the first node using the long-range radio, wherein the long-range radio is a cellular hardware module. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the first node telemetry comprises:
sampling sensor signals with sensors on-board the first node; and generating the first node telemetry based on the sensor signals. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the notification for the user based on the first node telemetry occurs in response to determining location of a device, associated with the user, outside of the second venue based on the first node telemetry. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is a smartphone. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the device broadcasts a device identifier. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising batch updating the nodes of the node network, comprising:
at the remote computing system:
determining a batch update for a plurality of nodes of the local node network;
wirelessly connecting to the first node via the long-range radio;
after wirelessly connecting to the first node, transmitting the batch update to the first node;
at the first node:
receiving the batch update from the remote computing system; and
transmitting the batch update to each remaining node of the network using Bluetooth radios;
after transmitting the batch update, determining that each node is operating according to the batch update based on a respective packet received from each node. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first venue is static. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein, at the remote computing system:
receiving the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry comprises:
storing the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry of each node in association with a respective node identifier associated with the node; and
monitoring the stored first node telemetry and the stored venue node telemetry for occurrence of a predetermined event;
wherein the notification for the user is generated and transmitted to an application running on a user device associated with the user in response to occurrence of the predetermined event. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry further comprises:
receiving the respective node identifiers, wherein each node identifier rotates based on a shared rule; and resolving each respective node identifier into a respective static node identifier based on the shared rule; wherein storing the first node telemetry and the venue node telemetry in association with the respective node identifier comprises storing the respective node telemetry in association with the respective static node identifier. 19. A method for routing data within a local node network including a plurality of individually-addressed Bluetooth nodes, the method comprising:
at a first node mounted to a static first venue, wherein the first node comprises a long-range radio and does not comprise a screen:
receiving a first identifier associated with a user;
generating first node telemetry associated with the first identifier;
at a remote computing system physically remote from the node network:
receiving the first node telemetry from the first node using the long-range radio;
determining a user location within the first venue based on the first node telemetry;
generating a notification for a device based on the user location; and
transmitting the notification to the device using a secondary communication system, distinct from the long-range radio. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first node forwards the notification to the device using the local node network. | 3,700 |
343,665 | 16,803,075 | 3,741 | An information handling system includes a processor with an Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C) master interface, a first device with a first I3C slave interface, and a second device with a second I3C slave interface. The first I3C slave interface provides first In-Band Interrupts (Mb) to the I3C master interface and has a first I3C address. The second I3C interface provides second IBIs to the I3C master interface and has a second I3C address. The second I3C address is higher than the first I3C address. The processor receives the first IBI, determines that the second IBIs are masked by the first Mb due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address, and assigns a third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface in response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs. | 1. An information handling system, comprising:
a processor including an Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C) master interface; a first device including a first I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the first I3C slave interface configured to provide first In-Band Interrupts (Mb) to the I3C master interface and having a first I3C address; and a second device including a second I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the second I3C slave interface configured to provide second Mb to the I3C master interface and having a second I3C address, wherein the second I3C address is higher than the first I3C address; wherein the processor is configured a) to receive the first IBIs, b) to determine that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address, and c), in response to determining that the second Mb are masked by the first IBIs, to assign a third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface and assign a fourth I3C address to the other one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface. 2. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the processor is further configured to assign the third I3C address to the second I3C slave interface, and wherein the third I3C address is lower than the first I3C address. 3. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the processor is further configured to assign the third I3C address to the first I3C slave interface, and wherein the third I3C address is higher than the first I3C address. 4. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the first and third I3C addresses are the same, and wherein the second and fourth I3C addresses are the same. 5. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the processor is further configured to determine a frequency of the second IBIs. 6. The information handling system of claim 5, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the processor is further configured to determine that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than a threshold. 7. The information handling system of claim 6, wherein determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs is based upon the determination that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than the threshold. 8. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises a baseboard management controller. 9. A method, comprising:
coupling an Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C) master interface of a processor to a first I3C slave interface of first device separate from the processor, wherein the first I3C slave interface has a first I3C address; providing, by the first I3C slave interface, first In-Band Interrupts (IBIs) to the I3C master interface; receiving, by the processor, the first IBIs; coupling the I3C master interface to a second I3C slave interface of second device separate from the processor, wherein the second I3C slave interface has a second I3C address; providing, by the second I3C slave interface, second IBIs to the I3C master interface; determining, by the processor, that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address; assigning, by the processor, a third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface in response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs; and assigning a fourth I3C address to the other one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface in further response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the method further comprises:
assigning, by processor, the third I3C address to the second I3C slave interface, wherein the third I3C address is lower than the first I3C address. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the method further comprises:
assigning, by the processor, the third I3C address to the first I3C slave interface, wherein the third I3C address is higher than the first I3C address. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first and third I3C addresses are the same, and wherein the second and fourth I3C addresses are the same. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the method further comprises:
determining, by the processor, a frequency of the second IBIs. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the method further comprises:
determining, by the processor, that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than a threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs is based upon the determination that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than the threshold. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the processor comprises a baseboard management controller. 17. An information handling system, comprising:
a processor including an I3C master interface; a first device including a first I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the first I3C slave interface configured to provide first IBIs to the I3C master interface and having a first I3C address; and a second device including a second I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the second I3C slave interface configured to provide second IBIs to the I3C master interface and having a second I3C address, wherein the second I3C address is higher than the first I3C address; wherein the processor is configured a) to determine a frequency of the second IBIs, b) to determine, based upon the frequency of the second IBIs, whether the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address, and c), in response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, to assign a third I3C address to the second I3C slave interface and to assign a fourth I3C address to the first I3C slave interface, wherein the third I3C address is lower than the first I3C address. 18. The information handling system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than a threshold. 19. The information handling system of claim 18, wherein determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs is based upon the determination that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than the threshold. 20. The information handling system of claim 17, wherein the processor comprises a baseboard management controller. | An information handling system includes a processor with an Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C) master interface, a first device with a first I3C slave interface, and a second device with a second I3C slave interface. The first I3C slave interface provides first In-Band Interrupts (Mb) to the I3C master interface and has a first I3C address. The second I3C interface provides second IBIs to the I3C master interface and has a second I3C address. The second I3C address is higher than the first I3C address. The processor receives the first IBI, determines that the second IBIs are masked by the first Mb due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address, and assigns a third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface in response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs.1. An information handling system, comprising:
a processor including an Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C) master interface; a first device including a first I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the first I3C slave interface configured to provide first In-Band Interrupts (Mb) to the I3C master interface and having a first I3C address; and a second device including a second I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the second I3C slave interface configured to provide second Mb to the I3C master interface and having a second I3C address, wherein the second I3C address is higher than the first I3C address; wherein the processor is configured a) to receive the first IBIs, b) to determine that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address, and c), in response to determining that the second Mb are masked by the first IBIs, to assign a third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface and assign a fourth I3C address to the other one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface. 2. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the processor is further configured to assign the third I3C address to the second I3C slave interface, and wherein the third I3C address is lower than the first I3C address. 3. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the processor is further configured to assign the third I3C address to the first I3C slave interface, and wherein the third I3C address is higher than the first I3C address. 4. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the first and third I3C addresses are the same, and wherein the second and fourth I3C addresses are the same. 5. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the processor is further configured to determine a frequency of the second IBIs. 6. The information handling system of claim 5, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the processor is further configured to determine that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than a threshold. 7. The information handling system of claim 6, wherein determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs is based upon the determination that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than the threshold. 8. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises a baseboard management controller. 9. A method, comprising:
coupling an Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit (I3C) master interface of a processor to a first I3C slave interface of first device separate from the processor, wherein the first I3C slave interface has a first I3C address; providing, by the first I3C slave interface, first In-Band Interrupts (IBIs) to the I3C master interface; receiving, by the processor, the first IBIs; coupling the I3C master interface to a second I3C slave interface of second device separate from the processor, wherein the second I3C slave interface has a second I3C address; providing, by the second I3C slave interface, second IBIs to the I3C master interface; determining, by the processor, that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address; assigning, by the processor, a third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface in response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs; and assigning a fourth I3C address to the other one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface in further response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the method further comprises:
assigning, by processor, the third I3C address to the second I3C slave interface, wherein the third I3C address is lower than the first I3C address. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein, in assigning the third I3C address to one of the first I3C slave interface and the second I3C slave interface, the method further comprises:
assigning, by the processor, the third I3C address to the first I3C slave interface, wherein the third I3C address is higher than the first I3C address. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first and third I3C addresses are the same, and wherein the second and fourth I3C addresses are the same. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the method further comprises:
determining, by the processor, a frequency of the second IBIs. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein, in determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, the method further comprises:
determining, by the processor, that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than a threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs is based upon the determination that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than the threshold. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the processor comprises a baseboard management controller. 17. An information handling system, comprising:
a processor including an I3C master interface; a first device including a first I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the first I3C slave interface configured to provide first IBIs to the I3C master interface and having a first I3C address; and a second device including a second I3C slave interface coupled to the I3C master interface, the second I3C slave interface configured to provide second IBIs to the I3C master interface and having a second I3C address, wherein the second I3C address is higher than the first I3C address; wherein the processor is configured a) to determine a frequency of the second IBIs, b) to determine, based upon the frequency of the second IBIs, whether the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs due to the second I3C address being higher than the first I3C address, and c), in response to determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs, to assign a third I3C address to the second I3C slave interface and to assign a fourth I3C address to the first I3C slave interface, wherein the third I3C address is lower than the first I3C address. 18. The information handling system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than a threshold. 19. The information handling system of claim 18, wherein determining that the second IBIs are masked by the first IBIs is based upon the determination that the frequency of the second IBIs is less than the threshold. 20. The information handling system of claim 17, wherein the processor comprises a baseboard management controller. | 3,700 |
343,666 | 16,803,092 | 3,741 | A joining material used for joining side surfaces of a plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments to each other to produce a silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure. The joining material contains from 0.1 to 50% by mass of processed powder generated in the production of the silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments and/or the silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure. The joining material has an average particle diameter D50 of from 0.5 to 60 μm. | 1. A joining material used for joining side surfaces of a plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments to each other to produce a silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure, the joining material containing from 0.1 to 50% by mass of processed powder generated in the production of the silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments and/or the silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure, the joining material having an average particle diameter D50 of from 0.5 to 60 μm. 2. The joining material according to claim 1, wherein the processed powder has D10 of from 0.1 to 10 μm. 3. The joining material according to claim 1, wherein the processed powder has D90 of from 4 to 150 μm. 4. The joining material according to claim 1, further comprising at least one selected from inorganic powder, inorganic fibers, a pore former, a binder, and a dispersant. 5. A silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure, the silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure comprising: a plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments; and joining layers, the joining layers joining side surfaces of the plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments to each other,
wherein each of the joining layers is a cured layer of the joining material according to claim 1. 6. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a joining strength of from 200 to 2000 kPa. 7. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a Young's modulus of from 4 to 100 MPa. 8. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a porosity of from 40 to 85%. 9. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a thermal expansion coefficient of from 2.0×10−6 to 8.0×10−6/K. | A joining material used for joining side surfaces of a plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments to each other to produce a silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure. The joining material contains from 0.1 to 50% by mass of processed powder generated in the production of the silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments and/or the silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure. The joining material has an average particle diameter D50 of from 0.5 to 60 μm.1. A joining material used for joining side surfaces of a plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments to each other to produce a silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure, the joining material containing from 0.1 to 50% by mass of processed powder generated in the production of the silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments and/or the silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure, the joining material having an average particle diameter D50 of from 0.5 to 60 μm. 2. The joining material according to claim 1, wherein the processed powder has D10 of from 0.1 to 10 μm. 3. The joining material according to claim 1, wherein the processed powder has D90 of from 4 to 150 μm. 4. The joining material according to claim 1, further comprising at least one selected from inorganic powder, inorganic fibers, a pore former, a binder, and a dispersant. 5. A silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure, the silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure comprising: a plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments; and joining layers, the joining layers joining side surfaces of the plurality of silicon carbide-based honeycomb segments to each other,
wherein each of the joining layers is a cured layer of the joining material according to claim 1. 6. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a joining strength of from 200 to 2000 kPa. 7. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a Young's modulus of from 4 to 100 MPa. 8. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a porosity of from 40 to 85%. 9. The silicon carbide-based honeycomb structure according to claim 5, wherein the joining layer has a thermal expansion coefficient of from 2.0×10−6 to 8.0×10−6/K. | 3,700 |
343,667 | 16,803,094 | 3,741 | A system and method for enabling information extraction from large data sets (so-called “big data”) according to a new paradigm is disclosed. This system does not generate functions describing why certain inputs result in certain outputs. Instead, it creates incident mappings of inputs to outputs without regard to why inputs result in outputs. These mappings can be distributions or other data sets representative of different outcomes occurring. This enables several useful operations. For example, by providing a data set indicative of outputs that have historically occurred following a particular input, the disclosed system can be used to predict future outcomes with probabilities. For example, if a particular stock price pattern is provided as an input, the system generates an output data set indicating the probabilities of certain price behaviors following that input pattern. This data set can thus be used to predict future behavior. Other useful operations are disclosed herein. | 1. A system for providing an intelligent database comprising:
a database; and a server computer system, including one or more processors, in communication with the database, wherein the one or more processors execute instructions to: receive data; generate, using the data, a plurality of input data incidents; store, on the database, the plurality of input data incidents; generate, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, one or more potential data outputs; construct, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, a data set of output data incidents using the one or more potential data outputs; store, on the database, the data set of output data incidents for each input data incident, wherein the server computer system maps each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents with its corresponding data set of output data incidents. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of input data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the data set of output data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors execute instructions to:
perform, for at least one of the plurality of input data incidents, a prediction operation based on a corresponding data set of output data incidents. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors execute instructions to:
display a result of the prediction operation. 6. The system of claim 4 wherein the data is received within a query, and wherein the prediction operation is performed in response to receiving the query. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one of the plurality of input data incidents corresponds to a first time period, and wherein the corresponding data set of corresponds to a second time period. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first time period and the second time period occur before the query is received. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the plurality of input data incidents includes:
identifying features of interest in the data; and categorizing the data in accordance with the features of interest. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the data set of output data incidents includes:
identifying at least a subset of the data that corresponds to at least one of the one or more potential data outputs. 11. A method comprising:
receiving data; generating, using the data, a plurality of input data incidents; storing, on a database, the plurality of input data incidents; generating, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, one or more potential data outputs; constructing, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, a data set of output data incidents using the one or more potential data outputs; storing, on the database, the data set of output data incidents for each input data incident by mapping each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents with its corresponding data set of output data incidents. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of input data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the data set of output data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing, for at least one of the plurality of input data incidents, a prediction operation based on a corresponding data set of output data incidents. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising displaying a result of the prediction operation. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the data is received within a query, and wherein the prediction operation is performed in response to receiving the query. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one of the plurality of input data incidents corresponds to a first time period, and wherein the corresponding data set of corresponds to a second time period. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first time period and the second time period occur before the query is received. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the plurality of input data incidents includes:
identifying features of interest in the data; and categorizing the received data in accordance with the features of interest. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the data set of output data incidents includes:
identifying at least a subset of the data that corresponds to at least one of the one or more potential data outputs. | A system and method for enabling information extraction from large data sets (so-called “big data”) according to a new paradigm is disclosed. This system does not generate functions describing why certain inputs result in certain outputs. Instead, it creates incident mappings of inputs to outputs without regard to why inputs result in outputs. These mappings can be distributions or other data sets representative of different outcomes occurring. This enables several useful operations. For example, by providing a data set indicative of outputs that have historically occurred following a particular input, the disclosed system can be used to predict future outcomes with probabilities. For example, if a particular stock price pattern is provided as an input, the system generates an output data set indicating the probabilities of certain price behaviors following that input pattern. This data set can thus be used to predict future behavior. Other useful operations are disclosed herein.1. A system for providing an intelligent database comprising:
a database; and a server computer system, including one or more processors, in communication with the database, wherein the one or more processors execute instructions to: receive data; generate, using the data, a plurality of input data incidents; store, on the database, the plurality of input data incidents; generate, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, one or more potential data outputs; construct, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, a data set of output data incidents using the one or more potential data outputs; store, on the database, the data set of output data incidents for each input data incident, wherein the server computer system maps each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents with its corresponding data set of output data incidents. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of input data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the data set of output data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors execute instructions to:
perform, for at least one of the plurality of input data incidents, a prediction operation based on a corresponding data set of output data incidents. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors execute instructions to:
display a result of the prediction operation. 6. The system of claim 4 wherein the data is received within a query, and wherein the prediction operation is performed in response to receiving the query. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one of the plurality of input data incidents corresponds to a first time period, and wherein the corresponding data set of corresponds to a second time period. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first time period and the second time period occur before the query is received. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the plurality of input data incidents includes:
identifying features of interest in the data; and categorizing the data in accordance with the features of interest. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the data set of output data incidents includes:
identifying at least a subset of the data that corresponds to at least one of the one or more potential data outputs. 11. A method comprising:
receiving data; generating, using the data, a plurality of input data incidents; storing, on a database, the plurality of input data incidents; generating, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, one or more potential data outputs; constructing, for each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents, a data set of output data incidents using the one or more potential data outputs; storing, on the database, the data set of output data incidents for each input data incident by mapping each input data incident of the plurality of input data incidents with its corresponding data set of output data incidents. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of input data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the data set of output data incidents represents a relationship between at least two features. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing, for at least one of the plurality of input data incidents, a prediction operation based on a corresponding data set of output data incidents. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising displaying a result of the prediction operation. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the data is received within a query, and wherein the prediction operation is performed in response to receiving the query. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one of the plurality of input data incidents corresponds to a first time period, and wherein the corresponding data set of corresponds to a second time period. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first time period and the second time period occur before the query is received. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the plurality of input data incidents includes:
identifying features of interest in the data; and categorizing the received data in accordance with the features of interest. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the data set of output data incidents includes:
identifying at least a subset of the data that corresponds to at least one of the one or more potential data outputs. | 3,700 |
343,668 | 16,803,084 | 3,741 | Disclosed are switched-mode DC-DC power converter modules, SMPC controllers, and distributed-control multiphase SMPC systems. The controller comprises: a reference clock; a synchronisation input configured to receive a first synchronisation signal; a synchronisation output configured to transmit a second synchronisation signal; a control unit configured to control the operation of the SMPC module with a phase determined by the reference clock signal or the first synchronisation signal; a delay line configured to generate the second synchronisation signal by adding a delay to the selected one of the first synchronisation signal and the reference clock signal; a fault detection terminal; a memory configured to store a datum corresponding to a number N of SMPCs in the system; and a delay calculation module configured to calculate the delay in dependence on the datum and the signal at the fault-detection terminal. Associated methods are also disclosed. | 1. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter, SMPC, controller for an SMPC module for use in a distributed-control multiphase power converter system, the SMPC controller comprising:
a reference clock configured to generate a reference clock signal at a predetermined frequency; a synchronisation input (SYNCIN,N) configured to receive a first synchronisation signal; a synchronisation output (SYNCOUT,N) configured to transmit a second synchronisation signal; a control unit configured to control the operation of the SMPC module at the predetermined frequency, and with a phase determined by a selected one of the reference clock signal and the first synchronisation signal; a delay line configured to generate the second synchronisation signal by adding a delay to the selected one of the first synchronisation signal and the reference clock signal; a fault detection terminal configured to receive a fault-detection signal; a memory configured to store a datum corresponding to a number N of SMPCs in the distributed-control multiphase power converter system; and a delay calculation module configured to calculate the delay in dependence on the datum and the fault-detection signal. 2. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a fault-detection module, wherein the fault detection terminal is configured to transmit the fault-detection signal in response to the fault-detection module detecting a fault in the SMPC. 3. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fault-detection signal comprises a binary signal indicative of the presence of absence of at least one fault. 4. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fault-detection signal comprises a signal indicative of a number, including zero, of faults. 5. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the delay calculation module is configured to determine the delay according to the inverse of the predetermined frequency, divided by a number of operational SMPC modules. 6. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of operational SMPC modules is equal to the datum in the absence of at least one fault and is equal to the datum minus one in the presence of at least one fault. 7. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to operate the SMPC module in continuous conduction mode, CCM. 8. An Integrated Circuit, IC, chip comprising an SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1. 9. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter module, comprising:
a SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1; a reactive element; a power output; a switch operable by the controller and arranged to control the reactive element and configured to switchably supply current to the reactive element. 10. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter module according to claim 9, wherein the reactive element comprises an inductive element. 11. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter module according to claim 9, configured as a buck or half-bridge converter. 12. A switched-mode power converter module according to claim 9, configured as one of a flyback converter and a multi-level hybrid converter. 13. A distributed-control multiphase power converter system comprising at least three switched-mode DC-DC power converter modules each as claimed in claim 9 and having their respective SMPC controllers arranged in a linear chain,
wherein the control unit of a first of the switched-mode DC-DC power converters is configured to control the operation of the first SMPC to have a phase determined by its reference clock signal,
and wherein the control unit of each of the others of the switched-mode power DC-DC converters is configured to control the operation of the respective SMPC to have a phase determined by its respective first synchronisation signal. 14. A method of controlling a switched-mode DC-DC power converter, SMPC, module for use in a distributed-control multiphase power converter system, the method comprising:
receiving a first synchronisation signal; receiving a fault-detection signal; calculating the delay in dependence on the fault-detection signal, and a datum, the datum corresponding to a number N of SMPCs in the distributed-control multiphase power converter system; generating the second synchronisation signal by adding a delay to a selected on of the first synchronisation signal and the reference clock signal; transmitting the second synchronisation signal; controlling the operation of the SMPC module at the predetermined frequency, and with a phase determined by the selected one of the reference clock signal and the first synchronisation signal. 15. A method of fault-tolerant distributed control of a multiphase power converter system comprising at least two SMPC modules, the method comprising controlling each of the SMPC modules connected in a linear chain, according to claim 14, wherein the first SMPC module in the chain is controlled with its phase determined by the reference clock signal and each remaining module is controlled with its respective phase determined by the respective first synchronisation signal, such that the phases of the at least two SMPC modules are interleaved. | Disclosed are switched-mode DC-DC power converter modules, SMPC controllers, and distributed-control multiphase SMPC systems. The controller comprises: a reference clock; a synchronisation input configured to receive a first synchronisation signal; a synchronisation output configured to transmit a second synchronisation signal; a control unit configured to control the operation of the SMPC module with a phase determined by the reference clock signal or the first synchronisation signal; a delay line configured to generate the second synchronisation signal by adding a delay to the selected one of the first synchronisation signal and the reference clock signal; a fault detection terminal; a memory configured to store a datum corresponding to a number N of SMPCs in the system; and a delay calculation module configured to calculate the delay in dependence on the datum and the signal at the fault-detection terminal. Associated methods are also disclosed.1. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter, SMPC, controller for an SMPC module for use in a distributed-control multiphase power converter system, the SMPC controller comprising:
a reference clock configured to generate a reference clock signal at a predetermined frequency; a synchronisation input (SYNCIN,N) configured to receive a first synchronisation signal; a synchronisation output (SYNCOUT,N) configured to transmit a second synchronisation signal; a control unit configured to control the operation of the SMPC module at the predetermined frequency, and with a phase determined by a selected one of the reference clock signal and the first synchronisation signal; a delay line configured to generate the second synchronisation signal by adding a delay to the selected one of the first synchronisation signal and the reference clock signal; a fault detection terminal configured to receive a fault-detection signal; a memory configured to store a datum corresponding to a number N of SMPCs in the distributed-control multiphase power converter system; and a delay calculation module configured to calculate the delay in dependence on the datum and the fault-detection signal. 2. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a fault-detection module, wherein the fault detection terminal is configured to transmit the fault-detection signal in response to the fault-detection module detecting a fault in the SMPC. 3. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fault-detection signal comprises a binary signal indicative of the presence of absence of at least one fault. 4. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fault-detection signal comprises a signal indicative of a number, including zero, of faults. 5. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the delay calculation module is configured to determine the delay according to the inverse of the predetermined frequency, divided by a number of operational SMPC modules. 6. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of operational SMPC modules is equal to the datum in the absence of at least one fault and is equal to the datum minus one in the presence of at least one fault. 7. An SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to operate the SMPC module in continuous conduction mode, CCM. 8. An Integrated Circuit, IC, chip comprising an SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1. 9. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter module, comprising:
a SMPC controller as claimed in claim 1; a reactive element; a power output; a switch operable by the controller and arranged to control the reactive element and configured to switchably supply current to the reactive element. 10. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter module according to claim 9, wherein the reactive element comprises an inductive element. 11. A switched-mode DC-DC power converter module according to claim 9, configured as a buck or half-bridge converter. 12. A switched-mode power converter module according to claim 9, configured as one of a flyback converter and a multi-level hybrid converter. 13. A distributed-control multiphase power converter system comprising at least three switched-mode DC-DC power converter modules each as claimed in claim 9 and having their respective SMPC controllers arranged in a linear chain,
wherein the control unit of a first of the switched-mode DC-DC power converters is configured to control the operation of the first SMPC to have a phase determined by its reference clock signal,
and wherein the control unit of each of the others of the switched-mode power DC-DC converters is configured to control the operation of the respective SMPC to have a phase determined by its respective first synchronisation signal. 14. A method of controlling a switched-mode DC-DC power converter, SMPC, module for use in a distributed-control multiphase power converter system, the method comprising:
receiving a first synchronisation signal; receiving a fault-detection signal; calculating the delay in dependence on the fault-detection signal, and a datum, the datum corresponding to a number N of SMPCs in the distributed-control multiphase power converter system; generating the second synchronisation signal by adding a delay to a selected on of the first synchronisation signal and the reference clock signal; transmitting the second synchronisation signal; controlling the operation of the SMPC module at the predetermined frequency, and with a phase determined by the selected one of the reference clock signal and the first synchronisation signal. 15. A method of fault-tolerant distributed control of a multiphase power converter system comprising at least two SMPC modules, the method comprising controlling each of the SMPC modules connected in a linear chain, according to claim 14, wherein the first SMPC module in the chain is controlled with its phase determined by the reference clock signal and each remaining module is controlled with its respective phase determined by the respective first synchronisation signal, such that the phases of the at least two SMPC modules are interleaved. | 3,700 |
343,669 | 16,803,097 | 3,741 | A feeding assembly for an agricultural vehicle includes: a frame; a rotatable auger supported by the frame and including at least one flighting; and a pickup assembly including a rotatable pickup reel and a plurality of tines rotatably carried by the pickup reel about a rotation axis, the tines being configured to pickup and convey crop material to the auger during rotation of the pickup reel. The pickup reel is movable relative to the auger such that movement of the pickup reel adjusts a distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. | 1. A feeding assembly for an agricultural vehicle, comprising:
a frame; a rotatable auger supported by the frame and comprising at least one flighting; and a pickup assembly comprising a rotatable pickup reel and a plurality of tines rotatably carried by the pickup reel about a rotation axis, the tines being configured to pickup and convey crop material to the auger during rotation of the pickup reel, the pickup reel being movable relative to the auger such that movement of the pickup reel adjusts a distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. 2. The feeding assembly of claim 1, further comprising a linkage movably coupling the pickup reel to the frame. 3. The feeding assembly of claim 2, wherein the linkage comprises an arm coupled to the pickup reel and at least one linkage bar coupled to the arm and the frame. 4. The feeding assembly of claim 3, wherein the at least one linkage bar is pivotably coupled to the frame. 5. The feeding assembly of claim 1, wherein the pickup reel is linearly movably coupled to the frame. 6. The feeding assembly of claim 5, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and configured to linearly move the pickup reel relative to the frame. 7. The feeding assembly of claim 1, wherein the pickup assembly comprises a pickup frame supporting the pickup reel and movably coupled to the frame. 8. The feeding assembly of claim 1, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and a controller operably coupled to the pickup actuator, the controller being configured to output an adjustment signal to the pickup actuator that causes the pickup actuator to adjust the distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. 9. The feeding assembly of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to determine an adjustment distance and output the adjustment signal based on the determined adjustment distance. 10. The feeding assembly of claim 9, wherein determining the adjustment distance comprises determining at least one crop characteristic of collected crop material and selecting the adjustment distance based at least partially on the determined at least one crop characteristic. 11. An agricultural vehicle, comprising:
a chassis; a rotatable auger carried by the chassis and comprising at least one flighting; and a pickup assembly comprising a rotatable pickup reel and a plurality of tines rotatably carried by the pickup reel about a rotation axis, the tines being configured to pickup and convey crop material to the auger during rotation of the pickup reel, the pickup reel being movable relative to the auger such that movement of the pickup reel adjusts a distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. 12. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, further comprising a frame supporting the auger. 13. The agricultural vehicle of claim 12, further comprising a linkage movably coupling the pickup reel to the frame. 14. The agricultural vehicle of claim 13, wherein the linkage comprises an arm coupled to the pickup reel and at least one linkage bar coupled to the arm and the frame. 15. The agricultural vehicle of claim 14, wherein the at least one linkage bar is pivotably coupled to the frame. 16. The agricultural vehicle of claim 12, wherein the pickup reel is linearly movably coupled to the frame. 17. The agricultural vehicle of claim 16, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and configured to linearly move the pickup reel relative to the frame. 18. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, wherein the pickup assembly comprises a pickup frame supporting the pickup reel and movably coupled to the chassis. 19. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, wherein the agricultural vehicle is an agricultural baler comprising a bale chamber configured receive crop material from the pickup assembly and form picked up crop material into a bale. 20. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and a controller operably coupled to the pickup actuator, the controller being configured to output an adjustment signal to the pickup actuator that causes the pickup actuator to adjust the distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. | A feeding assembly for an agricultural vehicle includes: a frame; a rotatable auger supported by the frame and including at least one flighting; and a pickup assembly including a rotatable pickup reel and a plurality of tines rotatably carried by the pickup reel about a rotation axis, the tines being configured to pickup and convey crop material to the auger during rotation of the pickup reel. The pickup reel is movable relative to the auger such that movement of the pickup reel adjusts a distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger.1. A feeding assembly for an agricultural vehicle, comprising:
a frame; a rotatable auger supported by the frame and comprising at least one flighting; and a pickup assembly comprising a rotatable pickup reel and a plurality of tines rotatably carried by the pickup reel about a rotation axis, the tines being configured to pickup and convey crop material to the auger during rotation of the pickup reel, the pickup reel being movable relative to the auger such that movement of the pickup reel adjusts a distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. 2. The feeding assembly of claim 1, further comprising a linkage movably coupling the pickup reel to the frame. 3. The feeding assembly of claim 2, wherein the linkage comprises an arm coupled to the pickup reel and at least one linkage bar coupled to the arm and the frame. 4. The feeding assembly of claim 3, wherein the at least one linkage bar is pivotably coupled to the frame. 5. The feeding assembly of claim 1, wherein the pickup reel is linearly movably coupled to the frame. 6. The feeding assembly of claim 5, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and configured to linearly move the pickup reel relative to the frame. 7. The feeding assembly of claim 1, wherein the pickup assembly comprises a pickup frame supporting the pickup reel and movably coupled to the frame. 8. The feeding assembly of claim 1, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and a controller operably coupled to the pickup actuator, the controller being configured to output an adjustment signal to the pickup actuator that causes the pickup actuator to adjust the distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. 9. The feeding assembly of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to determine an adjustment distance and output the adjustment signal based on the determined adjustment distance. 10. The feeding assembly of claim 9, wherein determining the adjustment distance comprises determining at least one crop characteristic of collected crop material and selecting the adjustment distance based at least partially on the determined at least one crop characteristic. 11. An agricultural vehicle, comprising:
a chassis; a rotatable auger carried by the chassis and comprising at least one flighting; and a pickup assembly comprising a rotatable pickup reel and a plurality of tines rotatably carried by the pickup reel about a rotation axis, the tines being configured to pickup and convey crop material to the auger during rotation of the pickup reel, the pickup reel being movable relative to the auger such that movement of the pickup reel adjusts a distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. 12. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, further comprising a frame supporting the auger. 13. The agricultural vehicle of claim 12, further comprising a linkage movably coupling the pickup reel to the frame. 14. The agricultural vehicle of claim 13, wherein the linkage comprises an arm coupled to the pickup reel and at least one linkage bar coupled to the arm and the frame. 15. The agricultural vehicle of claim 14, wherein the at least one linkage bar is pivotably coupled to the frame. 16. The agricultural vehicle of claim 12, wherein the pickup reel is linearly movably coupled to the frame. 17. The agricultural vehicle of claim 16, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and configured to linearly move the pickup reel relative to the frame. 18. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, wherein the pickup assembly comprises a pickup frame supporting the pickup reel and movably coupled to the chassis. 19. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, wherein the agricultural vehicle is an agricultural baler comprising a bale chamber configured receive crop material from the pickup assembly and form picked up crop material into a bale. 20. The agricultural vehicle of claim 11, further comprising a pickup actuator coupled to the pickup reel and a controller operably coupled to the pickup actuator, the controller being configured to output an adjustment signal to the pickup actuator that causes the pickup actuator to adjust the distance between the rotation axis and the at least one flighting of the auger. | 3,700 |
343,670 | 16,803,098 | 3,741 | Syringe shield (2) includes a barrel housing (4), which includes: a barrel housing (6) with a radiation-shielding material, a first open end (8), and a second open end (10); and a removable cover (12) which is slidably connectable to the barrel housing (6). The removable cover (12) includes an end cap (14) which covers the second open end (10) when the removable cover (12) is slidably connected to the barrel housing (6). The barrel housing (4) also includes a plunger housing (16) with a radiation-shielding material. A first end (18) of the plunger housing (16) is open and is connectable to the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (4), and a second end (20) of the plunger housing (16) includes a top cap (22). | 1. A syringe shield for housing a syringe (24) containing a radioactive drug, the syringe (24) comprising a barrel (26) containing the radioactive drug, a plunger (28) and a tip (34), comprising:
a barrel housing (6) comprising a radiation-shielding material, a first open end (8), and a second open end (10), wherein the tip (34) of the syringe (24) is adjacent to or extends out from the second open end (10) when the syringe (24) is housed in the syringe shield (2); a removable cover (12) that is removably connectable to the barrel housing (6) so as to cover the second open end (10), as well as the tip (34) of the syringe (24) when the syringe (24) is housed in the syringe shield (2), and so as to at least partially surround the barrel housing (6), and a plunger housing (16) comprising a radiation shielding material and having a first end (18) that is open and is removably connectable to the removable cover (12) so as to enclose the barrel housing (6) therebetween and, when the syringe (24) is housed in the syringe shield (2), allow the plunger (28) of the syringe (24) to extend through the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (6) and into the plunger housing (16) via the first end (18) of the plunger housing (16). 2. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger (28) of the syringe (24) comprises at least one plunger flange (30, 30′), and the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (6) is shaped to receive at least one plunger flange (30, 30′). 3. The syringe shield according to claim 2, wherein the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (6) is configured to releasably engage with the at least one flange (30, 30′) of the plunger (28). 4. The syringe shield according to claim 3, wherein at least one flange (30, 30′) of the plunger (28) functions as a twist-lock element that, when twisted, is receivable by a twist-lock flange receiver (48, 48′) in the barrel housing (6). 5. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is configured to partially surround the barrel housing (6) so as to expose the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) when the removable cover (12) is removably connected to the barrel housing (6), and wherein the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) is shaped so as to prevent the barrel housing (6) from rolling when placed on a flat surface. 6. The syringe shield according to claim 5, wherein the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) is flat. 7. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped so as to cover all surfaces of the barrel housing (6), except the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) and the first open end (8), when the removable cover (12) is removably connected to the barrel housing (6). 8. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) comprises a puck (38) which comprises a radiation shielding material, wherein the puck (38) covers the second open end (10) of the barrel housing (6) when the removable cover (12) is removably connected to the barrel housing (6). 9. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) further comprises a handle (44). 10. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped so that it is slidably mountable onto the barrel housing (6) by sliding the removable cover (12) in a direction from the second open end (10) towards the first open end (8). 11. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped to receive a partially cylindrically shaped barrel housing (6) with a flat underside (36). 12. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped as a partially cylindrical shell. 13. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the cover (12) is shaped so that said removable cover (12) can only be removed from the barrel housing (6) by sliding said removable cover (12) in a direction from the first open end (8) towards the second open end (10). 14. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the barrel housing (6) comprises a cylindrical section made of radiation shielding material, and a base providing a flat underside (36). 15. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) has an internal surface comprising a radiation shielding material. 16. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) further comprises a top cap (22) that comprises a puck (56) of radiation shielding material. 17. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) is releasably connectable to the removable cover (12) using a twist-lock assembly. 18. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) is releasably connectable to the removable cover (12) and the barrel housing (6) using a twist-lock assembly. 19. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the radiation shielding material comprises tungsten, lead, stainless steel, an aluminum alloy, or a combination thereof. 20. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-shielding material comprises tungsten. 21. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the syringe shield (2) is dimensioned to receive a syringe (24) containing up to thirty milliliters or up to sixty milliliters of said radioactive drug. 22. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the total weight of the syringe shield (2) is no more than 55 lbs. 23. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein said radioactive drug has a radioactivity of up to 1 Ci, and the syringe shield has a radiation-shielding material that provides a shielding that meets the Yellow II label criteria for transportation of radioactive material. | Syringe shield (2) includes a barrel housing (4), which includes: a barrel housing (6) with a radiation-shielding material, a first open end (8), and a second open end (10); and a removable cover (12) which is slidably connectable to the barrel housing (6). The removable cover (12) includes an end cap (14) which covers the second open end (10) when the removable cover (12) is slidably connected to the barrel housing (6). The barrel housing (4) also includes a plunger housing (16) with a radiation-shielding material. A first end (18) of the plunger housing (16) is open and is connectable to the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (4), and a second end (20) of the plunger housing (16) includes a top cap (22).1. A syringe shield for housing a syringe (24) containing a radioactive drug, the syringe (24) comprising a barrel (26) containing the radioactive drug, a plunger (28) and a tip (34), comprising:
a barrel housing (6) comprising a radiation-shielding material, a first open end (8), and a second open end (10), wherein the tip (34) of the syringe (24) is adjacent to or extends out from the second open end (10) when the syringe (24) is housed in the syringe shield (2); a removable cover (12) that is removably connectable to the barrel housing (6) so as to cover the second open end (10), as well as the tip (34) of the syringe (24) when the syringe (24) is housed in the syringe shield (2), and so as to at least partially surround the barrel housing (6), and a plunger housing (16) comprising a radiation shielding material and having a first end (18) that is open and is removably connectable to the removable cover (12) so as to enclose the barrel housing (6) therebetween and, when the syringe (24) is housed in the syringe shield (2), allow the plunger (28) of the syringe (24) to extend through the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (6) and into the plunger housing (16) via the first end (18) of the plunger housing (16). 2. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger (28) of the syringe (24) comprises at least one plunger flange (30, 30′), and the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (6) is shaped to receive at least one plunger flange (30, 30′). 3. The syringe shield according to claim 2, wherein the first open end (8) of the barrel housing (6) is configured to releasably engage with the at least one flange (30, 30′) of the plunger (28). 4. The syringe shield according to claim 3, wherein at least one flange (30, 30′) of the plunger (28) functions as a twist-lock element that, when twisted, is receivable by a twist-lock flange receiver (48, 48′) in the barrel housing (6). 5. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is configured to partially surround the barrel housing (6) so as to expose the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) when the removable cover (12) is removably connected to the barrel housing (6), and wherein the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) is shaped so as to prevent the barrel housing (6) from rolling when placed on a flat surface. 6. The syringe shield according to claim 5, wherein the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) is flat. 7. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped so as to cover all surfaces of the barrel housing (6), except the underside (36) of the barrel housing (6) and the first open end (8), when the removable cover (12) is removably connected to the barrel housing (6). 8. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) comprises a puck (38) which comprises a radiation shielding material, wherein the puck (38) covers the second open end (10) of the barrel housing (6) when the removable cover (12) is removably connected to the barrel housing (6). 9. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) further comprises a handle (44). 10. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped so that it is slidably mountable onto the barrel housing (6) by sliding the removable cover (12) in a direction from the second open end (10) towards the first open end (8). 11. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped to receive a partially cylindrically shaped barrel housing (6) with a flat underside (36). 12. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the removable cover (12) is shaped as a partially cylindrical shell. 13. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the cover (12) is shaped so that said removable cover (12) can only be removed from the barrel housing (6) by sliding said removable cover (12) in a direction from the first open end (8) towards the second open end (10). 14. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the barrel housing (6) comprises a cylindrical section made of radiation shielding material, and a base providing a flat underside (36). 15. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) has an internal surface comprising a radiation shielding material. 16. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) further comprises a top cap (22) that comprises a puck (56) of radiation shielding material. 17. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) is releasably connectable to the removable cover (12) using a twist-lock assembly. 18. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the plunger housing (16) is releasably connectable to the removable cover (12) and the barrel housing (6) using a twist-lock assembly. 19. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the radiation shielding material comprises tungsten, lead, stainless steel, an aluminum alloy, or a combination thereof. 20. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-shielding material comprises tungsten. 21. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the syringe shield (2) is dimensioned to receive a syringe (24) containing up to thirty milliliters or up to sixty milliliters of said radioactive drug. 22. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein the total weight of the syringe shield (2) is no more than 55 lbs. 23. The syringe shield according to claim 1, wherein said radioactive drug has a radioactivity of up to 1 Ci, and the syringe shield has a radiation-shielding material that provides a shielding that meets the Yellow II label criteria for transportation of radioactive material. | 3,700 |
343,671 | 16,803,099 | 3,741 | A power supply apparatus includes: a detection circuit configured to feed back a voltage to a generation circuit. The detection circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern. A thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. | 1. A power supply apparatus comprising:
a generation circuit configured to generate, in accordance with a predetermined target voltage, a voltage to be supplied to a load; and a detection circuit that is mounted on a printed circuit board and is configured to detect the voltage generated by the generation circuit and feed back the voltage to the generation circuit, the detection circuit including: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. 2. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in a case where a direction in which the first resistor and the second resistor are connected by the first conductive pattern is a first direction, a length of the third conductive pattern in the first direction is shorter than a length of the first conductive pattern in the first direction. 3. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
an area of the third conductive pattern is smaller than an area of the first conductive pattern. 4. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the first conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern, and the third conductive pattern form an H-shaped pattern. 5. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
a length of the first conductive pattern in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is longer than a length of the first resistor in the second direction. 6. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the printed circuit board, a first slit is formed between the first resistor and the first capacitor. 7. The power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the first slit is a through hole. The power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the first slit is a groove. 9. The power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
a thermal resistance of the printed circuit board is smaller than a thermal resistance of air. 10. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the printed circuit board, a second slit is formed between the second resistor and the second capacitor. 11. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the third conductive pattern has a line shape, and a line width of the third conductive pattern is a minimum line width among line widths of a plurality of conductive patterns provided on the printed circuit board. 12. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first resistor and the second capacitor form a balance circuit. 13. The power supply apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
a tolerance of the first resistor is smaller than a tolerance of the first capacitor. 14. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern, and the third conductive pattern are copper foil patterns formed on the printed circuit board. 15. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the detection circuit further includes: a third resistor connected in series with the second resistor, a fourth conductive pattern configured to connect the second resistor and the third resistor in series, a third capacitor connected in parallel to the third resistor and connected in series with the second capacitor, a fifth conductive pattern configured to connect the second capacitor and the third capacitor in series, and a sixth conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the fourth conductive pattern and the fifth conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the sixth conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the fourth conductive pattern. 16. The power supply apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the detection circuit further includes: a fourth resistor connected in series with the third resistor, a seventh conductive pattern configured to connect the third resistor and the fourth resistor in series, a fourth capacitor connected in parallel to the fourth resistor and connected in series with the third capacitor, an eighth conductive pattern configured to connect the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor in series, and a ninth conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the seventh conductive pattern and the eighth conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the ninth conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the seventh conductive pattern. 17. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming unit configured to form an image on a printing medium by an electrophotographic process; a generation circuit configured to, in accordance with a predetermined target voltage, generate a high voltage to be supplied to a predetermined load included in the image forming unit; and a detection circuit that is mounted on a printed circuit board and is configured to detect the high voltage generated by the generation circuit and feed back the high voltage to the generation circuit, the detection circuit including: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. 18. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a charging unit configured to charge a photosensitive member; an exposure unit configured to expose the photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing unit configured to develop the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image; a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image to a sheet; and a power supply apparatus for generating at least one of a charging voltage to be supplied to the charging unit, a developing voltage to be supplied to the developing unit, and a transfer voltage to be supplied to the transfer unit, wherein the power supply apparatus comprises: a generation circuit configured to generate at least one of the charging voltage, the developing voltage, and the transfer voltage, a detection circuit that is mounted on a printed circuit board and is configured to detect the voltage generated by the generation circuit and feed back the voltage to the generation circuit, the detection circuit including: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. | A power supply apparatus includes: a detection circuit configured to feed back a voltage to a generation circuit. The detection circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern. A thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern.1. A power supply apparatus comprising:
a generation circuit configured to generate, in accordance with a predetermined target voltage, a voltage to be supplied to a load; and a detection circuit that is mounted on a printed circuit board and is configured to detect the voltage generated by the generation circuit and feed back the voltage to the generation circuit, the detection circuit including: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. 2. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in a case where a direction in which the first resistor and the second resistor are connected by the first conductive pattern is a first direction, a length of the third conductive pattern in the first direction is shorter than a length of the first conductive pattern in the first direction. 3. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
an area of the third conductive pattern is smaller than an area of the first conductive pattern. 4. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the first conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern, and the third conductive pattern form an H-shaped pattern. 5. The power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
a length of the first conductive pattern in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is longer than a length of the first resistor in the second direction. 6. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the printed circuit board, a first slit is formed between the first resistor and the first capacitor. 7. The power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the first slit is a through hole. The power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the first slit is a groove. 9. The power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
a thermal resistance of the printed circuit board is smaller than a thermal resistance of air. 10. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the printed circuit board, a second slit is formed between the second resistor and the second capacitor. 11. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the third conductive pattern has a line shape, and a line width of the third conductive pattern is a minimum line width among line widths of a plurality of conductive patterns provided on the printed circuit board. 12. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first resistor and the second capacitor form a balance circuit. 13. The power supply apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
a tolerance of the first resistor is smaller than a tolerance of the first capacitor. 14. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern, and the third conductive pattern are copper foil patterns formed on the printed circuit board. 15. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the detection circuit further includes: a third resistor connected in series with the second resistor, a fourth conductive pattern configured to connect the second resistor and the third resistor in series, a third capacitor connected in parallel to the third resistor and connected in series with the second capacitor, a fifth conductive pattern configured to connect the second capacitor and the third capacitor in series, and a sixth conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the fourth conductive pattern and the fifth conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the sixth conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the fourth conductive pattern. 16. The power supply apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the detection circuit further includes: a fourth resistor connected in series with the third resistor, a seventh conductive pattern configured to connect the third resistor and the fourth resistor in series, a fourth capacitor connected in parallel to the fourth resistor and connected in series with the third capacitor, an eighth conductive pattern configured to connect the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor in series, and a ninth conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the seventh conductive pattern and the eighth conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the ninth conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the seventh conductive pattern. 17. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming unit configured to form an image on a printing medium by an electrophotographic process; a generation circuit configured to, in accordance with a predetermined target voltage, generate a high voltage to be supplied to a predetermined load included in the image forming unit; and a detection circuit that is mounted on a printed circuit board and is configured to detect the high voltage generated by the generation circuit and feed back the high voltage to the generation circuit, the detection circuit including: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. 18. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a charging unit configured to charge a photosensitive member; an exposure unit configured to expose the photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing unit configured to develop the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image; a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image to a sheet; and a power supply apparatus for generating at least one of a charging voltage to be supplied to the charging unit, a developing voltage to be supplied to the developing unit, and a transfer voltage to be supplied to the transfer unit, wherein the power supply apparatus comprises: a generation circuit configured to generate at least one of the charging voltage, the developing voltage, and the transfer voltage, a detection circuit that is mounted on a printed circuit board and is configured to detect the voltage generated by the generation circuit and feed back the voltage to the generation circuit, the detection circuit including: a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, a first conductive pattern configured to connect the first resistor and the second resistor in series, a first capacitor connected in parallel to the first resistor, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor and connected in series with the first capacitor, a second conductive pattern configured to connect the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series, and a third conductive pattern configured to electrically connect the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, wherein a thermal resistance of the third conductive pattern is greater than a thermal resistance of the first conductive pattern. | 3,700 |
343,672 | 16,803,088 | 3,741 | In various embodiments player may participate in gaming related activities using a terminal with multiple display screens. | 1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a display device; at least one processor to:
render a graphical user interface on the display device;
receive information identifying a player at a casino;
in response to receiving the information identifying the player, associate the information identifying the player with a control on the graphical user interface;
determine that the control has been activated;
in response to determining that the control has been activated, render the information identifying the player on the display device;
receive data representing a wager on a performance of the player during a game;
render real-time information on the display device, the real-time information comprising historical performance of the player, information regarding the game played by the player, and graphics associated with the game; and
adjust a database entry that links the information identifying the player and the control, in order to associate the control with the information identifying the player. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the at least one processor is further configured to render a name of the player on the control. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the at least one processor is further configured to:
transmit to a casino server a request for the information about the player; and receive the information about the player from the casino server. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing a face of the player. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing the player engaged in play of the game. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the real-time information comprises video showing an indication of an outcome of the game achieved by the player. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a second display device in which the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive information representing a second wager for a second game; and render information related to the second game on the second display device. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive a request to place a telephone call; in response to receiving the request, determine a destination of the telephone call; determine a set of rules associated with the wager, in which the set of rules include a rule restricting placement of phone calls; determine whether the telephone call complies with the set of rules; and in response to determining that the telephone call complies with the set of rules, connect the telephone call to the destination. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, in which the set of rules includes restricting calls outside a local area of the apparatus when the wager is placed. 11. A method comprising:
rendering, by at least one processor, a graphical user interface on a display device; receiving, by the at least one processor, information identifying a player at a casino; in response to receiving the information identifying the player, associating, by the at least one processor, the information identifying the player with a control on the graphical user interface; determining, by the at least one processor, that the control has been activated; in response to determining that the control has been activated, rendering, by the at least one processor, the information identifying the player on the display device; receiving, by the at least one processor, data representing a wager on a performance of the player during a game; rendering, by the at least one processor, real-time information on the display device, the real-time information comprising historical performance of the player, information regarding the game played by the player, and graphics associated with the game; and adjusting, by the at least one processor, a database entry that links the information identifying the player and the control, in order to associate the control with the information identifying the player. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, a name of the player on the control. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
transmitting, by the at least one processor, to a casino server a request for the information about the player; and receiving, by the at least one processor, the information about the player from the casino server. 14. The method of claim 11, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing a face of the player. 15. The method of claim 11, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing the player engaged in play of the game. 16. The method of claim 11, in which the real-time information comprises video showing an indication of an outcome of the game achieved by the player. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, by the at least one processor, information representing a second wager for a second game; and rendering, by the at least one processor, information related to the second game on a second display device. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, by the at least one processor, a request to place a telephone call; in response to receiving the request, determining, by the at least one processor, a destination of the telephone call; determining, by the at least one processor, a set of rules associated with the wager, in which the set of rules include a rule restricting placement of phone calls; determining, by the at least one processor, whether the telephone call complies with the set of rules; and in response to determining that telephone call complies with the set of rules, connecting, by the at least one processor, the telephone call to the destination. 19. The method of claim 18, in which the set of rules includes restricting calls outside a local area when the wager is placed. | In various embodiments player may participate in gaming related activities using a terminal with multiple display screens.1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a display device; at least one processor to:
render a graphical user interface on the display device;
receive information identifying a player at a casino;
in response to receiving the information identifying the player, associate the information identifying the player with a control on the graphical user interface;
determine that the control has been activated;
in response to determining that the control has been activated, render the information identifying the player on the display device;
receive data representing a wager on a performance of the player during a game;
render real-time information on the display device, the real-time information comprising historical performance of the player, information regarding the game played by the player, and graphics associated with the game; and
adjust a database entry that links the information identifying the player and the control, in order to associate the control with the information identifying the player. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the at least one processor is further configured to render a name of the player on the control. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the at least one processor is further configured to:
transmit to a casino server a request for the information about the player; and receive the information about the player from the casino server. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing a face of the player. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing the player engaged in play of the game. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the real-time information comprises video showing an indication of an outcome of the game achieved by the player. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a second display device in which the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive information representing a second wager for a second game; and render information related to the second game on the second display device. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive a request to place a telephone call; in response to receiving the request, determine a destination of the telephone call; determine a set of rules associated with the wager, in which the set of rules include a rule restricting placement of phone calls; determine whether the telephone call complies with the set of rules; and in response to determining that the telephone call complies with the set of rules, connect the telephone call to the destination. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, in which the set of rules includes restricting calls outside a local area of the apparatus when the wager is placed. 11. A method comprising:
rendering, by at least one processor, a graphical user interface on a display device; receiving, by the at least one processor, information identifying a player at a casino; in response to receiving the information identifying the player, associating, by the at least one processor, the information identifying the player with a control on the graphical user interface; determining, by the at least one processor, that the control has been activated; in response to determining that the control has been activated, rendering, by the at least one processor, the information identifying the player on the display device; receiving, by the at least one processor, data representing a wager on a performance of the player during a game; rendering, by the at least one processor, real-time information on the display device, the real-time information comprising historical performance of the player, information regarding the game played by the player, and graphics associated with the game; and adjusting, by the at least one processor, a database entry that links the information identifying the player and the control, in order to associate the control with the information identifying the player. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, a name of the player on the control. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
transmitting, by the at least one processor, to a casino server a request for the information about the player; and receiving, by the at least one processor, the information about the player from the casino server. 14. The method of claim 11, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing a face of the player. 15. The method of claim 11, in which the real-time information comprises a video showing the player engaged in play of the game. 16. The method of claim 11, in which the real-time information comprises video showing an indication of an outcome of the game achieved by the player. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, by the at least one processor, information representing a second wager for a second game; and rendering, by the at least one processor, information related to the second game on a second display device. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, by the at least one processor, a request to place a telephone call; in response to receiving the request, determining, by the at least one processor, a destination of the telephone call; determining, by the at least one processor, a set of rules associated with the wager, in which the set of rules include a rule restricting placement of phone calls; determining, by the at least one processor, whether the telephone call complies with the set of rules; and in response to determining that telephone call complies with the set of rules, connecting, by the at least one processor, the telephone call to the destination. 19. The method of claim 18, in which the set of rules includes restricting calls outside a local area when the wager is placed. | 3,700 |
343,673 | 16,803,081 | 3,741 | A method is disclosed for determining mechanical robustness of an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft includes repeatedly effecting an impact of a test body against an impact surface of the overhead stowage bin with a predefined impact force by a robotic arm of a manipulator, and investigating damage parameters of the overhead stowage bin. | 1. A method for determining mechanical robustness of an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft, the method comprising:
repeatedly effecting an impact of a test body (T) against an impact surface of the overhead stowage bin with a predefined impact force by means of a robotic arm of a manipulator; and investigating damage parameters of the overhead stowage bin. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the impact of the test body is effected by performing an impact cycle, the impact cycle comprising:
accelerating the test body (T) towards the impact surface to a predefined velocity relative to the impact surface using the robotic arm of a manipulator, the test body (T) being coupled to the robotic arm by a guiding device, the guiding device comprising a carrier part attached to the robotic arm and a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism defining a guide track and being mounted to the carrier part, wherein the test body (T) is movably guided relative to the robotic arm along the guide track by the guide mechanism; stopping movement of the robotic arm so as to cause the test body (T) moving along the guide track away from the robotic arm and impacting to the impact surface; and retracting the test body (T) from the impact surface by retracting the robotic arm. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the guide mechanism defines a linear guide track. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the impact cycle further comprises:
releasing an interlocking mechanism which interlocks the test body (T) stationary relative to the carrier part before the robotic arm stops; and interlocking the test body (T) relative to the carrier part using the interlocking mechanism after retracting the test body (T) from the impact surface. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein impact cycle further comprises:
pivoting the carrier part relative to the direction of gravity (G) such that the test body (T) is moved back towards the robotic arm along the guide track into a retracted position after effecting the impact of the test body (T) to the impact surface. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the test body (T) comprises a mass between 3 kg and 23 kg. 7. The method according claim 1, wherein the test body (T) comprises a volume between 15 dm3 and 70 dm3. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the test body (T) is a hard-top case. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the impact surface of the overhead stowage bin is formed by one of an inner surfaces of a wall defining an interior (I) of the overhead stowage bin, a surface of a lid for closing the overhead stowage bin, a surface of a stiffening frame of the overhead stowage bin, and a surface of an edge cover covering a front edge of a bottom wall of the overhead stowage bin. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein investigating damage parameters of the overhead stowage bin comprises:
capturing vibration characteristics of the overhead stowage bin at least after a pre-defined number of impacts and/or measuring geometric characteristics of the overhead stowage bin at least after a predefined number of impacts. 11. A robotic device for imparting mechanical load to an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft, comprising:
a manipulator comprising at least one movable robotic arm; and a guiding device coupled to the robotic arm, the guiding device comprising a carrier part attached to the robotic arm and a guide mechanism mounted to the carrier part, wherein the guide mechanism defines a guide track and comprises an attachment structure for attaching a test body (T) thereto. 12. The robotic device according to claim 11, wherein the guide mechanism comprises a guide rail assembly defining a linear guide track. 13. The robotic device according to claim 11, wherein the guiding device comprises an interlocking mechanism which, in a locking state, interlocks the attachment structure of the guiding mechanism in a stationary position relative to the carrier part and, in a released state, allows movement of the attachment structure along the guide track relative to the carrier part. 14. A system for determining mechanical robustness an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft, comprising:
a holding frame comprising attachment interfaces for attaching the overhead stowage bin; a measuring device for measuring physical quantities characterizing a damage parameter of the overhead stowage bin; and a robotic device according to claim 11. | A method is disclosed for determining mechanical robustness of an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft includes repeatedly effecting an impact of a test body against an impact surface of the overhead stowage bin with a predefined impact force by a robotic arm of a manipulator, and investigating damage parameters of the overhead stowage bin.1. A method for determining mechanical robustness of an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft, the method comprising:
repeatedly effecting an impact of a test body (T) against an impact surface of the overhead stowage bin with a predefined impact force by means of a robotic arm of a manipulator; and investigating damage parameters of the overhead stowage bin. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the impact of the test body is effected by performing an impact cycle, the impact cycle comprising:
accelerating the test body (T) towards the impact surface to a predefined velocity relative to the impact surface using the robotic arm of a manipulator, the test body (T) being coupled to the robotic arm by a guiding device, the guiding device comprising a carrier part attached to the robotic arm and a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism defining a guide track and being mounted to the carrier part, wherein the test body (T) is movably guided relative to the robotic arm along the guide track by the guide mechanism; stopping movement of the robotic arm so as to cause the test body (T) moving along the guide track away from the robotic arm and impacting to the impact surface; and retracting the test body (T) from the impact surface by retracting the robotic arm. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the guide mechanism defines a linear guide track. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the impact cycle further comprises:
releasing an interlocking mechanism which interlocks the test body (T) stationary relative to the carrier part before the robotic arm stops; and interlocking the test body (T) relative to the carrier part using the interlocking mechanism after retracting the test body (T) from the impact surface. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein impact cycle further comprises:
pivoting the carrier part relative to the direction of gravity (G) such that the test body (T) is moved back towards the robotic arm along the guide track into a retracted position after effecting the impact of the test body (T) to the impact surface. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the test body (T) comprises a mass between 3 kg and 23 kg. 7. The method according claim 1, wherein the test body (T) comprises a volume between 15 dm3 and 70 dm3. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the test body (T) is a hard-top case. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the impact surface of the overhead stowage bin is formed by one of an inner surfaces of a wall defining an interior (I) of the overhead stowage bin, a surface of a lid for closing the overhead stowage bin, a surface of a stiffening frame of the overhead stowage bin, and a surface of an edge cover covering a front edge of a bottom wall of the overhead stowage bin. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein investigating damage parameters of the overhead stowage bin comprises:
capturing vibration characteristics of the overhead stowage bin at least after a pre-defined number of impacts and/or measuring geometric characteristics of the overhead stowage bin at least after a predefined number of impacts. 11. A robotic device for imparting mechanical load to an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft, comprising:
a manipulator comprising at least one movable robotic arm; and a guiding device coupled to the robotic arm, the guiding device comprising a carrier part attached to the robotic arm and a guide mechanism mounted to the carrier part, wherein the guide mechanism defines a guide track and comprises an attachment structure for attaching a test body (T) thereto. 12. The robotic device according to claim 11, wherein the guide mechanism comprises a guide rail assembly defining a linear guide track. 13. The robotic device according to claim 11, wherein the guiding device comprises an interlocking mechanism which, in a locking state, interlocks the attachment structure of the guiding mechanism in a stationary position relative to the carrier part and, in a released state, allows movement of the attachment structure along the guide track relative to the carrier part. 14. A system for determining mechanical robustness an overhead stowage bin for an aircraft, comprising:
a holding frame comprising attachment interfaces for attaching the overhead stowage bin; a measuring device for measuring physical quantities characterizing a damage parameter of the overhead stowage bin; and a robotic device according to claim 11. | 3,700 |
343,674 | 16,803,087 | 3,741 | The present technology is related to employing a template/macro-based order entry system. An initial order data message contains a macro that establishes the initial parameters for an order and a unique ID is associated with the template. Subsequent, and potentially smaller sized data messages contain the unique ID as well as relevant order details for placing an order. Of course, the technology described herein envisions a much broader concept of reducing message sizes to help improve overall latency and is not limited to order entry. | 1. A method for processing order data messages, comprising:
in an information processing apparatus including at least a memory, a network interface device, and a processor:
receiving, via a network, an initial order data message as a macro definition message, wherein the macro definition message is associated with an account and comprises:
an initial order;
one or more static fields; and
one or more variable fields;
receiving, via the network, a subsequent order data message, wherein:
the subsequent order data message references the macro definition message using an order macro ID; and
the subsequent order data message includes information for an order using at least one variable field value for one of the one or more variable fields in the macro definition message;
locating an object, corresponding to the macro definition message, based on the order macro ID;
updating the object corresponding to the macro definition message with the at least one variable field value in the subsequent order data message; and
processing order data contained in the updated object. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying the one or more static fields and the one or more variable fields from the initial order data message; and generating the order macro ID associated with the macro definition message. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
transmitting a data message including an acknowledgment of the received macro definition message and the generated order macro ID. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
validating the one or more variable fields in the subsequent order data messages; and acknowledging validation of the subsequent order data message. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
validating the macro definition message by parsing the initial order data message and validating all of the one or more static fields in the initial order data message, wherein one or more subsequent order data messages, including one or more subsequent orders and indicating generated order macro IDs, are received via the network. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a complete order by combining the updated one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields in the initial order data message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the complete order is generated by concatenating the one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields to create the complete order. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the object corresponding to the macro definition message and the subsequent order data message are processed using the same messaging protocol. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the subsequent order data message is smaller in size than the initial order data message. 10. A system, comprising:
a network interface device configured to communicate with a network; a processor; and a memory configured to store computer readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to:
receive, via the network, an initial order data message as a macro definition message, wherein the macro definition message is associated with an account and comprises:
an initial order;
one or more static fields; and
one or more variable fields;
receive, via the network, a subsequent order data message;
locate an object, corresponding to the macro definition message, based on an order macro ID associated with the macro definition message;
update the object corresponding to the macro definition message with at least one variable field value in the subsequent order data message; and
process order data contained in the updated object. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein
the subsequent order data message references the macro definition message using the order macro ID; and the subsequent order data message includes information for an order using the at least one variable field value for one of the one or more variable fields in the macro definition message. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
identify the one or more static fields and the one or more variable fields from the initial order data message; and generate the order macro ID associated with the macro definition message. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the system is further caused to:
transmit a data message including an acknowledgment of the received macro definition message and the generated order macro ID. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
generate a complete order by combining the updated one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields in the initial order data message. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the macro definition message is validated for content and for determining whether the initial order can be cleared for trading. 16. A method for processing order data messages, comprising:
in an information processing apparatus including at least a memory, a network interface device, and a processor:
receiving, via a network, a subsequent order data message referencing a macro definition message, using an order macro ID, associated with an initial order data message, wherein the subsequent order data message includes information for an order using at least one variable field value for one or more variable fields in the macro definition message;
locating an object, corresponding to the macro definition message, based on the order macro ID;
updating the object corresponding to the macro definition message with the at least one variable field value in the subsequent order data message; and
processing order data contained in the updated object. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the macro definition comprises an initial order, one or more static fields, and the one or more variable fields. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying the one or more static fields and the one or more variable fields from the initial order data message; and generating the order macro ID associated with the macro definition message. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a data message including an acknowledgment of the received macro definition message and the generated order macro ID. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
generating a complete order by combining the updated one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields in the initial order data message. | The present technology is related to employing a template/macro-based order entry system. An initial order data message contains a macro that establishes the initial parameters for an order and a unique ID is associated with the template. Subsequent, and potentially smaller sized data messages contain the unique ID as well as relevant order details for placing an order. Of course, the technology described herein envisions a much broader concept of reducing message sizes to help improve overall latency and is not limited to order entry.1. A method for processing order data messages, comprising:
in an information processing apparatus including at least a memory, a network interface device, and a processor:
receiving, via a network, an initial order data message as a macro definition message, wherein the macro definition message is associated with an account and comprises:
an initial order;
one or more static fields; and
one or more variable fields;
receiving, via the network, a subsequent order data message, wherein:
the subsequent order data message references the macro definition message using an order macro ID; and
the subsequent order data message includes information for an order using at least one variable field value for one of the one or more variable fields in the macro definition message;
locating an object, corresponding to the macro definition message, based on the order macro ID;
updating the object corresponding to the macro definition message with the at least one variable field value in the subsequent order data message; and
processing order data contained in the updated object. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying the one or more static fields and the one or more variable fields from the initial order data message; and generating the order macro ID associated with the macro definition message. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
transmitting a data message including an acknowledgment of the received macro definition message and the generated order macro ID. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
validating the one or more variable fields in the subsequent order data messages; and acknowledging validation of the subsequent order data message. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
validating the macro definition message by parsing the initial order data message and validating all of the one or more static fields in the initial order data message, wherein one or more subsequent order data messages, including one or more subsequent orders and indicating generated order macro IDs, are received via the network. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a complete order by combining the updated one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields in the initial order data message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the complete order is generated by concatenating the one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields to create the complete order. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the object corresponding to the macro definition message and the subsequent order data message are processed using the same messaging protocol. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the subsequent order data message is smaller in size than the initial order data message. 10. A system, comprising:
a network interface device configured to communicate with a network; a processor; and a memory configured to store computer readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to:
receive, via the network, an initial order data message as a macro definition message, wherein the macro definition message is associated with an account and comprises:
an initial order;
one or more static fields; and
one or more variable fields;
receive, via the network, a subsequent order data message;
locate an object, corresponding to the macro definition message, based on an order macro ID associated with the macro definition message;
update the object corresponding to the macro definition message with at least one variable field value in the subsequent order data message; and
process order data contained in the updated object. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein
the subsequent order data message references the macro definition message using the order macro ID; and the subsequent order data message includes information for an order using the at least one variable field value for one of the one or more variable fields in the macro definition message. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
identify the one or more static fields and the one or more variable fields from the initial order data message; and generate the order macro ID associated with the macro definition message. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the system is further caused to:
transmit a data message including an acknowledgment of the received macro definition message and the generated order macro ID. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the system is further caused to:
generate a complete order by combining the updated one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields in the initial order data message. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the macro definition message is validated for content and for determining whether the initial order can be cleared for trading. 16. A method for processing order data messages, comprising:
in an information processing apparatus including at least a memory, a network interface device, and a processor:
receiving, via a network, a subsequent order data message referencing a macro definition message, using an order macro ID, associated with an initial order data message, wherein the subsequent order data message includes information for an order using at least one variable field value for one or more variable fields in the macro definition message;
locating an object, corresponding to the macro definition message, based on the order macro ID;
updating the object corresponding to the macro definition message with the at least one variable field value in the subsequent order data message; and
processing order data contained in the updated object. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the macro definition comprises an initial order, one or more static fields, and the one or more variable fields. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying the one or more static fields and the one or more variable fields from the initial order data message; and generating the order macro ID associated with the macro definition message. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a data message including an acknowledgment of the received macro definition message and the generated order macro ID. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
generating a complete order by combining the updated one or more variable fields with the one or more static fields in the initial order data message. | 3,700 |
343,675 | 16,803,127 | 3,741 | Various implementations of a smart battery management system are provided. An example method includes identifying sensor data of a cell in a battery system; predicting, based on the sensor data, a failure event of the cell; and preventing the failure event by activating a control circuit connected to the cell. | 1. A method, comprising:
identifying sensor data of a cell in a battery system; predicting, based on the sensor data, a failure event of the cell; and preventing the failure event by activating a control circuit connected to the cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the sensor data comprises:
measuring, by a pressure sensor, a pressure associated with the cell, the sensor data indicating the pressure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying the sensor data further comprises:
measuring, by at least one additional sensor, one or more metrics among a temperature, a movement, a voltage, a current, or a capacitance associated with the cell, the sensor data indicating the one or more metrics. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting, based on the sensor data, the failure event is performed by a neural network. 5. The method of claim 4, the sensor data being first sensor data, the cell being a first cell, and the failure event being a first failure event, the method further comprising:
identifying second sensor data of a second cell, the second sensor data being obtained during at least one second failure event of the second cell; and training the neural network based on the second sensor data and an indication of the at least one second failure event. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the failure event comprises thermal runaway. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to modify a current flowing through the cell. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to disconnect the cell from one or more additional cells in the battery system. 9. A system, comprising:
at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least processor, cause the at least processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying sensor data of a cell in a battery system;
predicting, based on the sensor data, a failure event of the cell; and
preventing the failure event by activating a control circuit connected to the cell. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein identifying the sensor data comprises:
identifying at least a portion of the sensor data measured by a pressure sensor, the portion indicating a pressure associated with the cell. 11. The system of claim 10, the portion being a first portion, wherein identifying the sensor data further comprises:
identifying at least a second portion of the sensor data measured by at least one additional sensor, the second portion indicating one or more metrics among a temperature, a movement, a voltage, a current, or a capacitance associated with the cell, the sensor data indicating the one or more metrics. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the memory further stores a neural network, and
wherein predicting, based on the sensor data, the failure event is performed by the neural network. 13. The system of claim 12, the sensor data being first sensor data, the cell being a first cell, and the failure event being a first failure event, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying second sensor data of a second cell, the second sensor data being obtained during at least one second failure event of the second cell; and training the neural network based on the second sensor data and an indication of the at least one second failure event. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the failure event comprises thermal runaway. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to modify a current flowing through the cell. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to disconnect the cell from one or more additional cells in the battery system. 17. A Smart Battery Management System (SBMS), comprising:
sensors configured to measure one or more metrics of a plurality of cells in a battery system; control circuits electrically connected to the plurality of cells in the battery system; at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying sensor data measured by at least one first sensor among the sensors, the sensor data indicating the one or more metrics of first cell among the plurality of cells in the battery system;
predicting, by inputting the sensor data into a trained neural network, a failure event of the first cell; and
preventing the failure event by causing a first control circuit among the control circuits to disconnect the first cell from one or more second cells among the plurality of cells in the battery system. 18. The SBMS of claim 17, wherein the metrics comprise at least one of a pressure, a temperature, a movement, a voltage, a current, or a capacitance associated with the cell. 19. The SBMS of claim 17, wherein the failure event comprises thermal runaway of the cell. 20. The SBMS of claim 17, wherein the battery system is powering a vehicle. | Various implementations of a smart battery management system are provided. An example method includes identifying sensor data of a cell in a battery system; predicting, based on the sensor data, a failure event of the cell; and preventing the failure event by activating a control circuit connected to the cell.1. A method, comprising:
identifying sensor data of a cell in a battery system; predicting, based on the sensor data, a failure event of the cell; and preventing the failure event by activating a control circuit connected to the cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the sensor data comprises:
measuring, by a pressure sensor, a pressure associated with the cell, the sensor data indicating the pressure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying the sensor data further comprises:
measuring, by at least one additional sensor, one or more metrics among a temperature, a movement, a voltage, a current, or a capacitance associated with the cell, the sensor data indicating the one or more metrics. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting, based on the sensor data, the failure event is performed by a neural network. 5. The method of claim 4, the sensor data being first sensor data, the cell being a first cell, and the failure event being a first failure event, the method further comprising:
identifying second sensor data of a second cell, the second sensor data being obtained during at least one second failure event of the second cell; and training the neural network based on the second sensor data and an indication of the at least one second failure event. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the failure event comprises thermal runaway. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to modify a current flowing through the cell. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to disconnect the cell from one or more additional cells in the battery system. 9. A system, comprising:
at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least processor, cause the at least processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying sensor data of a cell in a battery system;
predicting, based on the sensor data, a failure event of the cell; and
preventing the failure event by activating a control circuit connected to the cell. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein identifying the sensor data comprises:
identifying at least a portion of the sensor data measured by a pressure sensor, the portion indicating a pressure associated with the cell. 11. The system of claim 10, the portion being a first portion, wherein identifying the sensor data further comprises:
identifying at least a second portion of the sensor data measured by at least one additional sensor, the second portion indicating one or more metrics among a temperature, a movement, a voltage, a current, or a capacitance associated with the cell, the sensor data indicating the one or more metrics. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the memory further stores a neural network, and
wherein predicting, based on the sensor data, the failure event is performed by the neural network. 13. The system of claim 12, the sensor data being first sensor data, the cell being a first cell, and the failure event being a first failure event, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying second sensor data of a second cell, the second sensor data being obtained during at least one second failure event of the second cell; and training the neural network based on the second sensor data and an indication of the at least one second failure event. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the failure event comprises thermal runaway. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to modify a current flowing through the cell. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein activating the control circuit comprises:
causing the control circuit to disconnect the cell from one or more additional cells in the battery system. 17. A Smart Battery Management System (SBMS), comprising:
sensors configured to measure one or more metrics of a plurality of cells in a battery system; control circuits electrically connected to the plurality of cells in the battery system; at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying sensor data measured by at least one first sensor among the sensors, the sensor data indicating the one or more metrics of first cell among the plurality of cells in the battery system;
predicting, by inputting the sensor data into a trained neural network, a failure event of the first cell; and
preventing the failure event by causing a first control circuit among the control circuits to disconnect the first cell from one or more second cells among the plurality of cells in the battery system. 18. The SBMS of claim 17, wherein the metrics comprise at least one of a pressure, a temperature, a movement, a voltage, a current, or a capacitance associated with the cell. 19. The SBMS of claim 17, wherein the failure event comprises thermal runaway of the cell. 20. The SBMS of claim 17, wherein the battery system is powering a vehicle. | 3,700 |
343,676 | 16,803,096 | 3,741 | A system for determining a direction of arrival for signals is provided. The system includes a non-uniform linear array including a plurality of antenna and configured to receive a wireless signal. The system is programmed to receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of the received wireless signal. For each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, the at least one processor is programmed to calculate a phase error, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error, and calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases. The at least one processor is further programmed to select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. | 1. A system for determining a direction of arrival for signals, the system comprising:
a non-uniform linear array comprising a plurality of antenna and configured to receive a wireless signal; and a computing device comprising at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device, wherein said at least one processor is programmed to: receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of the received wireless signal; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases; and select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. 2. The system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a phase measurement unit in communication with said non-uniform linear array and said computing device, wherein said phase measurement unit is configured to:
receive the wireless signal from each of the plurality of antenna of said non-uniform linear array; calculate a plurality of phase shifts between the wireless signal at pairs of the plurality of antenna; and transmit the plurality of phase shifts to said computing device. 3. The system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on the plurality of phase shifts. 4. The system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said phase measurement unit generates a number of phase shifts equal to one less than a number of the plurality of antenna in the non-uniform linear array, and wherein each antenna in the plurality of antenna is included in at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts. 5. The system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts, a distance between two antennas in said non-uniform linear array associated with the at least one phase shift, and a frequency of the wireless signal. 6. The system in accordance with claim 5, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to:
generate a set of normalized phase candidates for each phase shift; and compare the phase errors associated with each set of normalized phase candidates. 7. The system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said non-uniform linear array receives a first signal from a first source and a second signal from a second source, and wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to determine a first direction of arrival for the first signal and a second direction of arrival for the second signal. 8. The system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to transmit the direction of arrival to a client computer device. 9. The system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the normalized phase candidate represents the angle between the direction of arrival estimate and an array vector of said non-uniform linear array. 10. A computing device for determining a direction of arrival for signals, the computing device comprising at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device, wherein said at least one processor is programmed to:
receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of a received wireless signal, wherein the received wireless signal is received by a non-uniform linear array comprising a plurality of antenna; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases; and select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. 11. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, where said at least one processor is further programmed to receive a plurality of phase shifts from a phase measurement unit, wherein the phase measurement unit is in communication with the non-uniform linear array and is configured to:
receive the wireless signal from each of the plurality of antenna of the non-uniform linear array; calculate the plurality of phase shifts between the wireless signal at pairs of the plurality of antenna; and transmit the plurality of phase shifts to the computing device. 12. The computing device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on the plurality of phase shifts. 13. The computing device in accordance with claim 11, wherein the phase measurement unit is also configured to generate a number of phase shifts equal to one less than a number of the plurality of antenna in the non-uniform linear array, and wherein each antenna in the plurality of antenna is included in at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts. 14. The computing device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts, a distance between two antennas in the non-uniform linear array associated with the at least one phase shift, and a frequency of the wireless signal. 15. The computing device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to:
generate a set of normalized phase candidates for each phase shift; and compare the phase errors associated with each set of normalized phase candidates. 16. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the non-uniform linear array receives a first signal from a first source and a second signal from a second source, and wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to determine a first direction of arrival for the first signal and a second direction of arrival for the second signal. 17. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to transmit the direction of arrival to a client computer device. 18. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the normalized phase candidate represents the angle between the direction of arrival estimate and an array vector of said non-uniform linear array. 19. A method for determining a direction of arrival for signals, the method implemented on a computing device including at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of a received wireless signal, wherein the received wireless signal is received by a non-uniform linear array comprising a plurality of antenna; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculating a phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, estimating a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculating a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases; and selecting a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. 20. The method in accordance with claim 19 further comprising:
receiving a plurality of phase shifts from a phase measurement unit, wherein the phase measurement unit received the wireless signal from each of the plurality of antenna of the non-uniform linear array and calculated the plurality of phase shifts between the wireless signal at pairs of the plurality of antenna; and
generating the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts, a distance between two antennas in the non-uniform linear array associated with the at least one phase shift, and a frequency of the wireless signal. | A system for determining a direction of arrival for signals is provided. The system includes a non-uniform linear array including a plurality of antenna and configured to receive a wireless signal. The system is programmed to receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of the received wireless signal. For each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, the at least one processor is programmed to calculate a phase error, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error, and calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases. The at least one processor is further programmed to select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases.1. A system for determining a direction of arrival for signals, the system comprising:
a non-uniform linear array comprising a plurality of antenna and configured to receive a wireless signal; and a computing device comprising at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device, wherein said at least one processor is programmed to: receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of the received wireless signal; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases; and select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. 2. The system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a phase measurement unit in communication with said non-uniform linear array and said computing device, wherein said phase measurement unit is configured to:
receive the wireless signal from each of the plurality of antenna of said non-uniform linear array; calculate a plurality of phase shifts between the wireless signal at pairs of the plurality of antenna; and transmit the plurality of phase shifts to said computing device. 3. The system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on the plurality of phase shifts. 4. The system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said phase measurement unit generates a number of phase shifts equal to one less than a number of the plurality of antenna in the non-uniform linear array, and wherein each antenna in the plurality of antenna is included in at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts. 5. The system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts, a distance between two antennas in said non-uniform linear array associated with the at least one phase shift, and a frequency of the wireless signal. 6. The system in accordance with claim 5, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to:
generate a set of normalized phase candidates for each phase shift; and compare the phase errors associated with each set of normalized phase candidates. 7. The system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said non-uniform linear array receives a first signal from a first source and a second signal from a second source, and wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to determine a first direction of arrival for the first signal and a second direction of arrival for the second signal. 8. The system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to transmit the direction of arrival to a client computer device. 9. The system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the normalized phase candidate represents the angle between the direction of arrival estimate and an array vector of said non-uniform linear array. 10. A computing device for determining a direction of arrival for signals, the computing device comprising at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device, wherein said at least one processor is programmed to:
receive a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of a received wireless signal, wherein the received wireless signal is received by a non-uniform linear array comprising a plurality of antenna; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, estimate a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculate a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases; and select a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. 11. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, where said at least one processor is further programmed to receive a plurality of phase shifts from a phase measurement unit, wherein the phase measurement unit is in communication with the non-uniform linear array and is configured to:
receive the wireless signal from each of the plurality of antenna of the non-uniform linear array; calculate the plurality of phase shifts between the wireless signal at pairs of the plurality of antenna; and transmit the plurality of phase shifts to the computing device. 12. The computing device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on the plurality of phase shifts. 13. The computing device in accordance with claim 11, wherein the phase measurement unit is also configured to generate a number of phase shifts equal to one less than a number of the plurality of antenna in the non-uniform linear array, and wherein each antenna in the plurality of antenna is included in at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts. 14. The computing device in accordance with claim 11, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to generate the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts, a distance between two antennas in the non-uniform linear array associated with the at least one phase shift, and a frequency of the wireless signal. 15. The computing device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to:
generate a set of normalized phase candidates for each phase shift; and compare the phase errors associated with each set of normalized phase candidates. 16. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the non-uniform linear array receives a first signal from a first source and a second signal from a second source, and wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to determine a first direction of arrival for the first signal and a second direction of arrival for the second signal. 17. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, wherein said at least one processor is further programmed to transmit the direction of arrival to a client computer device. 18. The computing device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the normalized phase candidate represents the angle between the direction of arrival estimate and an array vector of said non-uniform linear array. 19. A method for determining a direction of arrival for signals, the method implemented on a computing device including at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of normalized phase candidates for the direction of arrival of a received wireless signal, wherein the received wireless signal is received by a non-uniform linear array comprising a plurality of antenna; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculating a phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, estimating a plurality of unwrapped measured phases based on the corresponding phase error; for each of the plurality of normalized phase candidates, calculating a likelihood based on the corresponding plurality of unwrapped measured phases; and selecting a normalized phase candidate as a direction of arrival estimate based on a comparison of the plurality of likelihood normalized phases. 20. The method in accordance with claim 19 further comprising:
receiving a plurality of phase shifts from a phase measurement unit, wherein the phase measurement unit received the wireless signal from each of the plurality of antenna of the non-uniform linear array and calculated the plurality of phase shifts between the wireless signal at pairs of the plurality of antenna; and
generating the plurality of normalized phase candidates based on at least one phase shift of the plurality of phase shifts, a distance between two antennas in the non-uniform linear array associated with the at least one phase shift, and a frequency of the wireless signal. | 3,700 |
343,677 | 16,803,108 | 3,741 | This disclosure relates to a support assembly for a box side step of a motor vehicle, such as a pickup truck. An example vehicle includes a cargo box including a side wall, a box side step, and a support assembly for the box side step including a base that does not project beyond an outer panel of the side wall. | 1. A motor vehicle, comprising:
a cargo box including a side wall; a box side step; and a support assembly for the box side step including a base that does not project beyond an outer panel of the side wall. 2. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein the base lies substantially in a plane parallel to a ground surface. 3. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the box side step includes a foot well, and a bottom wall of the foot well directly contacts the base. 4. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, wherein a portion of the bottom wall of the foot well projects outward beyond the outer panel. 5. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 4, wherein the portion of the bottom wall projects about 80 mm outward beyond the outer panel. 6. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, further comprising:
a storage compartment accessible via a moveable door of the foot well. 7. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, wherein the foot well is fastened to the base via a plurality of fasteners. 8. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, wherein:
the support assembly includes at least one vertical support connecting the base to an inner panel of the side wall. 9. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 8, wherein:
the at least one vertical support includes a first vertical support and a second vertical support, the first vertical support is connected to the base adjacent a front end of the base, and the second vertical support is connected to the base adjacent a rear end of the base. 10. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the vertical supports are different lengths. 11. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 10, wherein a front-most one of the first and second vertical supports is shorter than the other of the first and second vertical supports. 12. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the first vertical support is connected to the base adjacent an inner edge of the base, the support assembly includes a first reinforcement bracket connected between the first vertical support and a point on the base adjacent an outer edge of the base, the second vertical support is connected to the base adjacent an inner edge of the base, and the support assembly includes a second reinforcement bracket connected between the second vertical support and a point on the base adjacent an outer edge of the base. 13. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 12, wherein:
the support assembly includes a third reinforcement bracket connected between the base and a bottom of a bed of the cargo box. 14. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the support assembly includes a rear bracket connecting the base to a wheel well housing, and the support assembly includes a front bracket connecting the base to an extension projecting laterally from the cargo box. 15. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein the box side step is forward of a rear wheel well of the motor vehicle. 16. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 15, wherein the box side step is aligned with a portion of a running board of the motor vehicle. 17. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the side wall is one of a first side wall and a second side wall of the cargo box, the box step is a first box step corresponding to the first side wall, and the motor vehicle includes a second box step corresponding to the second side wall. 18. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein the motor vehicle is a pickup truck. 19. A box side step assembly for a motor vehicle, comprising:
a foot well; and a support assembly including a base, wherein the base supports the foot well on an upper surface thereof, wherein the upper surface lies substantially in a plane parallel to a ground surface, wherein the base is supported at a location forward of a rear wheel housing by a structure connected to one of an inner panel of a cargo box, a rear wheel well housing, and an extension projecting laterally from the cargo box. 20. The box side step assembly as recited in claim 19, wherein:
the structure is a rear bracket connecting the base to the rear wheel well housing, and the support assembly includes a front bracket connecting the base to the extension. | This disclosure relates to a support assembly for a box side step of a motor vehicle, such as a pickup truck. An example vehicle includes a cargo box including a side wall, a box side step, and a support assembly for the box side step including a base that does not project beyond an outer panel of the side wall.1. A motor vehicle, comprising:
a cargo box including a side wall; a box side step; and a support assembly for the box side step including a base that does not project beyond an outer panel of the side wall. 2. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein the base lies substantially in a plane parallel to a ground surface. 3. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the box side step includes a foot well, and a bottom wall of the foot well directly contacts the base. 4. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, wherein a portion of the bottom wall of the foot well projects outward beyond the outer panel. 5. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 4, wherein the portion of the bottom wall projects about 80 mm outward beyond the outer panel. 6. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, further comprising:
a storage compartment accessible via a moveable door of the foot well. 7. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, wherein the foot well is fastened to the base via a plurality of fasteners. 8. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 3, wherein:
the support assembly includes at least one vertical support connecting the base to an inner panel of the side wall. 9. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 8, wherein:
the at least one vertical support includes a first vertical support and a second vertical support, the first vertical support is connected to the base adjacent a front end of the base, and the second vertical support is connected to the base adjacent a rear end of the base. 10. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the vertical supports are different lengths. 11. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 10, wherein a front-most one of the first and second vertical supports is shorter than the other of the first and second vertical supports. 12. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the first vertical support is connected to the base adjacent an inner edge of the base, the support assembly includes a first reinforcement bracket connected between the first vertical support and a point on the base adjacent an outer edge of the base, the second vertical support is connected to the base adjacent an inner edge of the base, and the support assembly includes a second reinforcement bracket connected between the second vertical support and a point on the base adjacent an outer edge of the base. 13. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 12, wherein:
the support assembly includes a third reinforcement bracket connected between the base and a bottom of a bed of the cargo box. 14. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the support assembly includes a rear bracket connecting the base to a wheel well housing, and the support assembly includes a front bracket connecting the base to an extension projecting laterally from the cargo box. 15. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein the box side step is forward of a rear wheel well of the motor vehicle. 16. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 15, wherein the box side step is aligned with a portion of a running board of the motor vehicle. 17. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the side wall is one of a first side wall and a second side wall of the cargo box, the box step is a first box step corresponding to the first side wall, and the motor vehicle includes a second box step corresponding to the second side wall. 18. The motor vehicle as recited in claim 1, wherein the motor vehicle is a pickup truck. 19. A box side step assembly for a motor vehicle, comprising:
a foot well; and a support assembly including a base, wherein the base supports the foot well on an upper surface thereof, wherein the upper surface lies substantially in a plane parallel to a ground surface, wherein the base is supported at a location forward of a rear wheel housing by a structure connected to one of an inner panel of a cargo box, a rear wheel well housing, and an extension projecting laterally from the cargo box. 20. The box side step assembly as recited in claim 19, wherein:
the structure is a rear bracket connecting the base to the rear wheel well housing, and the support assembly includes a front bracket connecting the base to the extension. | 3,700 |
343,678 | 16,803,007 | 3,741 | Implementations of the present specification disclose payment channel recommendation methods, apparatuses, and devices. The method includes the following: determining a target user, a target payment channel, and payment features in a current transaction when receiving a payment request; then determining a recommendation score of each target payment channel in the current transaction based on a predetermined mapping relationship; and then recommending the target payment channel based on the recommendation score, where the mapping relationship is used to represent a relationship between the payment channel and the recommendation score, and is predetermined through training on historical data of the payment features and historical data of payment result features, and the payment result features include result data specifying whether the payment channel is selected by a user and whether payment is successful. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices executing a payment decision-making process of a front-end service layer, a payment request; determining a target user corresponding to the payment request and a plurality of payment channels corresponding to the payment request; obtaining payment features based on the target user and the plurality of payment channels,
wherein the payment features comprise features representing historical characteristics of one or more payments made by the target user using one or more of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the payment features are obtained from a database operating in a back-end online service layer;
inputting the payment features into a prediction model operating in the back-end online service layer, the prediction model generating a recommendation score corresponding to each of the plurality of payment channels in accordance with a prediction model, wherein the prediction model represents mappings between the plurality of payment channels and corresponding recommendation scores, and
wherein the prediction model is trained in a back-end offline service layer using historical data of the payment features and corresponding payment result features, wherein the corresponding payment result features indicate, for each of one or more historical transactions, whether a payment channel of the plurality of payment channels is selected by a user and whether payment is successful;
receiving, from an AB test process of the back-end online service layer, a testing policy; determining that the target user is included in a target group of the testing policy; determining, based on the testing policy, an additional payment channel and a recommendation score corresponding to the additional payment channel; and recommending two or more payment channels to the target user,
wherein the two or more payment channels include the additional payment channel and at least one payment channel of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the two or more payment channels are recommended in an order corresponding to the respective recommendation scores of the two or more payment channels. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the target user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the plurality of payment channels. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to generating the recommendation:
collecting transaction information; extracting, from the transaction information, a user willingness rate and a payment success rate; generating, based on the user willingness rate and the payment success rate, new payment result feature data; and training the prediction model based on the new payment result feature data. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising: storing the new payment result feature data in the database. 6. (canceled) 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the prediction model is obtained based on a deep neural network, and further comprising:
performing adversarial training on the deep neural network based on payment result features of a payment channel selected in the recommendation. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices executing a payment decision-making process of a front-end service layer, a payment request; determining a target user corresponding to the payment request and a plurality of payment channels corresponding to the payment request; obtaining payment features based on the target user and the plurality of payment channels,
wherein the payment features comprise features representing historical characteristics of one or more payments made by the target user using one or more of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the payment features are obtained from a database operating in a back-end online service layer;
inputting the payment features into a prediction model operating in the back-end online service layer, the prediction model generating a recommendation score corresponding to each of the plurality of payment channels in accordance with a prediction model, wherein the prediction model represents mappings between the plurality of payment channels and corresponding recommendation scores, and
wherein the prediction model is trained in a back-end offline service layer using historical data of the payment features and corresponding payment result features, wherein the corresponding payment result features indicate, for each of one or more historical transactions, whether a payment channel of the plurality of payment channels is selected by a user and whether payment is successful;
receiving, from an AB test process of the back-end online service layer, a testing policy; determining that the target user is included in a target group of the testing policy; determining, based on the testing policy, an additional payment channel and a recommendation score corresponding to the additional payment channel; and recommending two or more payment channels to the target user,
wherein the two or more payment channels include the additional payment channel and at least one payment channel of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the two or more payment channels are recommended in an order corresponding to the respective recommendation scores of the two or more payment channels. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the target user. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the plurality of payment channels. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise, subsequent to recommending the at least one of the plurality of payment channels:
collecting transaction information; extracting, from the transaction information, a user willingness rate and a payment success rate; generating, based on the user willingness rate and the payment success rate, new payment result feature data; and training the prediction model based on the new payment result feature data. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: storing the new payment result feature data in a database. 13. (canceled) 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the prediction model is obtained based on a deep neural network, and wherein the operations further comprise:
performing adversarial training on the deep neural network based on payment result features of a payment channel selected in the recommendation. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices executing a payment decision-making process of a front-end service layer, a payment request;
determining a target user corresponding to the payment request and a plurality of payment channels corresponding to the payment request;
obtaining payment features based on the target user and the plurality of payment channels,
wherein the payment features comprise features representing historical characteristics of one or more payments made by the target user using one or more of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the payment features are obtained from a database operating in a back-end online service layer;
inputting the payment features into a prediction model operating in the back-end online service layer, the prediction model generating a recommendation score corresponding to each of the plurality of payment channels in accordance with a prediction model, wherein the prediction model represents mappings between the plurality of payment channels and corresponding recommendation scores, and
wherein the prediction model is trained in a back-end offline service layer using historical data of the payment features and corresponding payment result features, wherein the corresponding payment result features indicate, for each of one or more historical transactions, whether a payment channel of the plurality of payment channels is selected by a user and whether payment is successful;
receiving, from an AB test process of the back-end online service layer, a testing policy;
determining that the target user is included in a target group of the testing policy;
determining, based on the testing policy, an additional payment channel and a recommendation score corresponding to the additional payment channel; and
recommending two or more payment channels to the target user,
wherein the two or more payment channels include the additional payment channel and at least one payment channel of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the two or more payment channels are recommended in an order corresponding to the respective recommendation scores of the two or more payment channels. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the target user. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the plurality of payment channels. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise, subsequent to recommending the at least one of the plurality of payment channels:
collecting transaction information; extracting, from the transaction information, a user willingness rate and a payment success rate; generating, based on the user willingness rate and the payment success rate, new payment result feature data; and training the prediction model based on the new payment result feature data. 19. (canceled) 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the prediction model is obtained based on a deep neural network, and wherein the operations further comprise:
performing adversarial training on the deep neural network based on payment result features of a payment channel selected in the recommendation. | Implementations of the present specification disclose payment channel recommendation methods, apparatuses, and devices. The method includes the following: determining a target user, a target payment channel, and payment features in a current transaction when receiving a payment request; then determining a recommendation score of each target payment channel in the current transaction based on a predetermined mapping relationship; and then recommending the target payment channel based on the recommendation score, where the mapping relationship is used to represent a relationship between the payment channel and the recommendation score, and is predetermined through training on historical data of the payment features and historical data of payment result features, and the payment result features include result data specifying whether the payment channel is selected by a user and whether payment is successful.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices executing a payment decision-making process of a front-end service layer, a payment request; determining a target user corresponding to the payment request and a plurality of payment channels corresponding to the payment request; obtaining payment features based on the target user and the plurality of payment channels,
wherein the payment features comprise features representing historical characteristics of one or more payments made by the target user using one or more of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the payment features are obtained from a database operating in a back-end online service layer;
inputting the payment features into a prediction model operating in the back-end online service layer, the prediction model generating a recommendation score corresponding to each of the plurality of payment channels in accordance with a prediction model, wherein the prediction model represents mappings between the plurality of payment channels and corresponding recommendation scores, and
wherein the prediction model is trained in a back-end offline service layer using historical data of the payment features and corresponding payment result features, wherein the corresponding payment result features indicate, for each of one or more historical transactions, whether a payment channel of the plurality of payment channels is selected by a user and whether payment is successful;
receiving, from an AB test process of the back-end online service layer, a testing policy; determining that the target user is included in a target group of the testing policy; determining, based on the testing policy, an additional payment channel and a recommendation score corresponding to the additional payment channel; and recommending two or more payment channels to the target user,
wherein the two or more payment channels include the additional payment channel and at least one payment channel of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the two or more payment channels are recommended in an order corresponding to the respective recommendation scores of the two or more payment channels. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the target user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the plurality of payment channels. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to generating the recommendation:
collecting transaction information; extracting, from the transaction information, a user willingness rate and a payment success rate; generating, based on the user willingness rate and the payment success rate, new payment result feature data; and training the prediction model based on the new payment result feature data. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising: storing the new payment result feature data in the database. 6. (canceled) 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the prediction model is obtained based on a deep neural network, and further comprising:
performing adversarial training on the deep neural network based on payment result features of a payment channel selected in the recommendation. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices executing a payment decision-making process of a front-end service layer, a payment request; determining a target user corresponding to the payment request and a plurality of payment channels corresponding to the payment request; obtaining payment features based on the target user and the plurality of payment channels,
wherein the payment features comprise features representing historical characteristics of one or more payments made by the target user using one or more of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the payment features are obtained from a database operating in a back-end online service layer;
inputting the payment features into a prediction model operating in the back-end online service layer, the prediction model generating a recommendation score corresponding to each of the plurality of payment channels in accordance with a prediction model, wherein the prediction model represents mappings between the plurality of payment channels and corresponding recommendation scores, and
wherein the prediction model is trained in a back-end offline service layer using historical data of the payment features and corresponding payment result features, wherein the corresponding payment result features indicate, for each of one or more historical transactions, whether a payment channel of the plurality of payment channels is selected by a user and whether payment is successful;
receiving, from an AB test process of the back-end online service layer, a testing policy; determining that the target user is included in a target group of the testing policy; determining, based on the testing policy, an additional payment channel and a recommendation score corresponding to the additional payment channel; and recommending two or more payment channels to the target user,
wherein the two or more payment channels include the additional payment channel and at least one payment channel of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the two or more payment channels are recommended in an order corresponding to the respective recommendation scores of the two or more payment channels. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the target user. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the plurality of payment channels. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise, subsequent to recommending the at least one of the plurality of payment channels:
collecting transaction information; extracting, from the transaction information, a user willingness rate and a payment success rate; generating, based on the user willingness rate and the payment success rate, new payment result feature data; and training the prediction model based on the new payment result feature data. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: storing the new payment result feature data in a database. 13. (canceled) 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the prediction model is obtained based on a deep neural network, and wherein the operations further comprise:
performing adversarial training on the deep neural network based on payment result features of a payment channel selected in the recommendation. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more computing devices executing a payment decision-making process of a front-end service layer, a payment request;
determining a target user corresponding to the payment request and a plurality of payment channels corresponding to the payment request;
obtaining payment features based on the target user and the plurality of payment channels,
wherein the payment features comprise features representing historical characteristics of one or more payments made by the target user using one or more of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the payment features are obtained from a database operating in a back-end online service layer;
inputting the payment features into a prediction model operating in the back-end online service layer, the prediction model generating a recommendation score corresponding to each of the plurality of payment channels in accordance with a prediction model, wherein the prediction model represents mappings between the plurality of payment channels and corresponding recommendation scores, and
wherein the prediction model is trained in a back-end offline service layer using historical data of the payment features and corresponding payment result features, wherein the corresponding payment result features indicate, for each of one or more historical transactions, whether a payment channel of the plurality of payment channels is selected by a user and whether payment is successful;
receiving, from an AB test process of the back-end online service layer, a testing policy;
determining that the target user is included in a target group of the testing policy;
determining, based on the testing policy, an additional payment channel and a recommendation score corresponding to the additional payment channel; and
recommending two or more payment channels to the target user,
wherein the two or more payment channels include the additional payment channel and at least one payment channel of the plurality of payment channels, and
wherein the two or more payment channels are recommended in an order corresponding to the respective recommendation scores of the two or more payment channels. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the target user. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the payment features further comprise features representing historical payment characteristics of the plurality of payment channels. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise, subsequent to recommending the at least one of the plurality of payment channels:
collecting transaction information; extracting, from the transaction information, a user willingness rate and a payment success rate; generating, based on the user willingness rate and the payment success rate, new payment result feature data; and training the prediction model based on the new payment result feature data. 19. (canceled) 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the prediction model is obtained based on a deep neural network, and wherein the operations further comprise:
performing adversarial training on the deep neural network based on payment result features of a payment channel selected in the recommendation. | 3,700 |
343,679 | 16,803,103 | 3,741 | The measured capacity of a rechargeable battery provides the full charge capacity of the battery, but does not reflect degradation of the battery capacity between measurements. Embodiments initiate a first measurement of a rechargeable battery capacity. Parameters of use of the rechargeable battery are monitored, such as the depth and number of discharge cycles of the battery. Until a second capacity measurement is initiated, a battery capacity correction factor is generated based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery. During this interval until the second measurement, a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery is reported based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. The correction factor for a particular battery may be based on learned battery degradation for a large number of batteries and also based on events and conditions of use of that particular battery. | 1. A method for powering a first Information Handling System (IHS), the method comprising:
initiating a first measurement of a capacity of a rechargeable battery of the first IHS; monitoring a plurality of parameters of use of the rechargeable battery; until a second measurement of the capacity of the rechargeable battery is initiated:
generating a battery capacity correction factor based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery; and
reporting a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first capacity measurement is initiated in response to detecting the remaining available capacity below a specified threshold. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a difference between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement corresponds to degradation of a full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery during the time interval between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery are collected by a battery management unit of the first IHS. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise a number of discharge cycles and a depth of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise intervals of discharge rate of the rechargeable battery within a discharge rate zone. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise intervals of detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery within a temperature zone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery capacity correction factor is generated by a first machine learning model trained in part using aggregated parameters of use of rechargeable battery of a plurality of IHSs. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery capacity correction factor is further generated by a second machine learning model trained in part using monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery of the first IHS. 11. An Information Handling System (IHS) comprising:
one or more processors; a memory device coupled to the one or more processors, the memory device storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, cause execution of an operating system of the IHS; a rechargeable battery system; and an embedded controller comprising a memory having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution by a logic unit of the embedded controller, cause the embedded controller to:
initiate a first measurement of a capacity of the rechargeable battery system;
monitor a plurality of parameters of use of the rechargeable battery system;
until a second measurement of the capacity of the rechargeable battery is initiated:
generate a battery capacity correction factor based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery system; and
report a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery system based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. 12. The IHS of claim 11, wherein the first capacity measurement is initiated in response to detecting the remaining available capacity below a specified threshold. 13. The IHS of claim 11, wherein a difference between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement corresponds to degradation of a full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery system during the time interval between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement. 14. The IHS of claim 11, wherein a portion of the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery system are collected by a battery management unit of the rechargeable battery system. 15. The IHS of claim 11, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery system comprise at least one of: a number of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery system, a depth of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery, intervals of discharge rate of the rechargeable battery system within a discharge rate zone, detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery system, and intervals of detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery system within a temperature zone. 16. A computer-readable storage device having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution by a one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
initiate a first measurement of a capacity of a rechargeable battery of an IHS (Information Handling System); monitor a plurality of parameters of use of the rechargeable battery; until a second measurement of the capacity of the rechargeable battery is initiated:
generate a battery capacity correction factor based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery; and
report a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. 17. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the first capacity measurement is initiated in response to detecting the remaining available capacity below a specified threshold. 18. The storage device of claim 16, wherein a difference between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement corresponds to degradation of a full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery during the time interval between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement. 19. The storage device of claim 16, wherein a portion of the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery are collected by a battery management unit of the IHS. 20. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise at least one of: a number of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery, a depth of discharge cycles of the rechargeable, intervals of discharge rate of the rechargeable battery within a discharge rate zone, detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery, and intervals of detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery within a temperature zone. | The measured capacity of a rechargeable battery provides the full charge capacity of the battery, but does not reflect degradation of the battery capacity between measurements. Embodiments initiate a first measurement of a rechargeable battery capacity. Parameters of use of the rechargeable battery are monitored, such as the depth and number of discharge cycles of the battery. Until a second capacity measurement is initiated, a battery capacity correction factor is generated based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery. During this interval until the second measurement, a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery is reported based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. The correction factor for a particular battery may be based on learned battery degradation for a large number of batteries and also based on events and conditions of use of that particular battery.1. A method for powering a first Information Handling System (IHS), the method comprising:
initiating a first measurement of a capacity of a rechargeable battery of the first IHS; monitoring a plurality of parameters of use of the rechargeable battery; until a second measurement of the capacity of the rechargeable battery is initiated:
generating a battery capacity correction factor based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery; and
reporting a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first capacity measurement is initiated in response to detecting the remaining available capacity below a specified threshold. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a difference between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement corresponds to degradation of a full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery during the time interval between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery are collected by a battery management unit of the first IHS. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise a number of discharge cycles and a depth of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise intervals of discharge rate of the rechargeable battery within a discharge rate zone. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise intervals of detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery within a temperature zone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery capacity correction factor is generated by a first machine learning model trained in part using aggregated parameters of use of rechargeable battery of a plurality of IHSs. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery capacity correction factor is further generated by a second machine learning model trained in part using monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery of the first IHS. 11. An Information Handling System (IHS) comprising:
one or more processors; a memory device coupled to the one or more processors, the memory device storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, cause execution of an operating system of the IHS; a rechargeable battery system; and an embedded controller comprising a memory having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution by a logic unit of the embedded controller, cause the embedded controller to:
initiate a first measurement of a capacity of the rechargeable battery system;
monitor a plurality of parameters of use of the rechargeable battery system;
until a second measurement of the capacity of the rechargeable battery is initiated:
generate a battery capacity correction factor based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery system; and
report a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery system based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. 12. The IHS of claim 11, wherein the first capacity measurement is initiated in response to detecting the remaining available capacity below a specified threshold. 13. The IHS of claim 11, wherein a difference between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement corresponds to degradation of a full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery system during the time interval between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement. 14. The IHS of claim 11, wherein a portion of the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery system are collected by a battery management unit of the rechargeable battery system. 15. The IHS of claim 11, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery system comprise at least one of: a number of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery system, a depth of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery, intervals of discharge rate of the rechargeable battery system within a discharge rate zone, detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery system, and intervals of detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery system within a temperature zone. 16. A computer-readable storage device having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution by a one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
initiate a first measurement of a capacity of a rechargeable battery of an IHS (Information Handling System); monitor a plurality of parameters of use of the rechargeable battery; until a second measurement of the capacity of the rechargeable battery is initiated:
generate a battery capacity correction factor based on the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery; and
report a remaining available capacity of the rechargeable battery based on an adjustment of the first capacity measurement using the generated correction factor. 17. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the first capacity measurement is initiated in response to detecting the remaining available capacity below a specified threshold. 18. The storage device of claim 16, wherein a difference between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement corresponds to degradation of a full charge capacity of the rechargeable battery during the time interval between the first capacity measurement and the second capacity measurement. 19. The storage device of claim 16, wherein a portion of the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery are collected by a battery management unit of the IHS. 20. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the monitored parameters of the use of the rechargeable battery comprise at least one of: a number of discharge cycles of the rechargeable battery, a depth of discharge cycles of the rechargeable, intervals of discharge rate of the rechargeable battery within a discharge rate zone, detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery, and intervals of detected temperatures of the rechargeable battery within a temperature zone. | 3,700 |
343,680 | 16,803,125 | 3,734 | A wireless charging system including a protective case for a mobile device configured for wireless charging. The protective case includes a first plurality of magnets and a wireless charger having a first front side and a first back side. The wireless charger further includes a charging pad and a second plurality of magnets on the first front side wherein the second plurality of magnets are magnetically coupled to the first plurality of magnets. The first plurality of magnets and the second plurality of magnets are arranged so that the wireless charger self-aligns in a desired position when attached to the protective case and transmits energy through the protective case into the mobile device. | 1. A wireless charging system, comprising:
a protective case for a mobile device configured for wireless charging, the protective case including a first plurality of magnets; a wireless charger having a first front side and a first back side, the wireless charger further including a charging pad and a second plurality of magnets on the first front side wherein the second plurality of magnets are magnetically coupled to the first plurality of magnets; wherein the first plurality of magnets and the second plurality of magnets are arranged so that the wireless charger self-aligns in a desired position when attached to the protective case and transmits energy through the protective case into the mobile device. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the first plurality magnets are arranged around coils of the wireless charger when the wireless charger is attached to the protective case. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the protective case may be configured in one of a landscape orientation and a portrait orientation relative to the wireless charger. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first plurality of magnets are embedded within the protective case. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein at least a first magnet of the first plurality of magnets is attracted to a corresponding second magnet of the second plurality of magnets. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein at least a first magnet of the first plurality of magnets having an outwardly-facing north pole is attracted to a corresponding magnet of the second plurality of magnets having an outwardly-facing south pole. 7. A wireless charging system, comprising:
a protective case for a mobile device having coils for wireless charging, the protective case including a first plurality of alternating polarity magnets; a wireless charger having a first front side and a first back side, the wireless charger further having coils and a second plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the first front side wherein the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets are magnetically coupled to the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets; wherein the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets and the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets are arranged so that when the wireless charger becomes connected to the protective case the coils of the wireless charger align with the coils of the mobile device so that energy may be transmitted through the protective case and into the mobile device. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein a distance L between the coils of the wireless charger and the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets is substantially identical to a distance L′ between the coils of the mobile device and the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets when the mobile device is disposed within the protective case. 9. The system of claim 7 further including:
a third plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the first back side;
an accessory device having a second front side and a second back side, the accessory device having a fourth plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the second front side and a fifth plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the second back side wherein the fourth plurality of alternating polarity magnets are magnetically coupled to the third plurality of alternating polarity magnets. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the second plurality of magnets are configured to mirror an arrangement of the first plurality of magnets. 11. The system of claim 7 wherein the first plurality of magnets are embedded within the protective case. 12. A case apparatus, comprising:
a protective case configured to contain a mobile device configured for wireless charging; a first plurality of magnets included within the protective case wherein the first plurality of magnets are configured to be magnetically coupled to a second plurality of magnets of a wireless charger so that the wireless charger self-aligns in a desired position when magnetically attached to the protective case, the first plurality of magnets being arranged so as to be disposed around a periphery of a charging pad of the wireless device when the wireless charger is magnetically attached to the protective case. 13. The case apparatus of claim 12 wherein the protective case may be configured in one of a landscape orientation and a portrait orientation relative to the wireless charger. 14. The case apparatus of claim 12 wherein at least a first magnet of the first plurality of magnets is attracted to a corresponding second magnet of the second plurality of magnets. 15. A case apparatus, comprising:
a protective case configured to contain a mobile device having coils for wireless charging; a first plurality of alternating polarity magnets included within the protective case, the first plurality of magnets being arranged within the protective case so that when the mobile device is disposed within the protective case the first plurality of magnets are disposed around a periphery of the coils; wherein the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets are arranged so that when the protective case becomes connected to a wireless charger having a second plurality of alternating polarity magnets, the coils of the mobile device align with coils of the wireless charger align with so that energy may be transmitted through the protective case and into the mobile device to recharge a battery of the mobile device. 16. The case apparatus of claim 15 wherein a distance L between the coils of the wireless charger and the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets is substantially identical to a distance L′ between the coils of the mobile device and the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets when the mobile device is disposed within the protective case. 17. The case apparatus of claim 15 wherein the second plurality of magnets are configured to mirror an arrangement of the first plurality of magnets. | A wireless charging system including a protective case for a mobile device configured for wireless charging. The protective case includes a first plurality of magnets and a wireless charger having a first front side and a first back side. The wireless charger further includes a charging pad and a second plurality of magnets on the first front side wherein the second plurality of magnets are magnetically coupled to the first plurality of magnets. The first plurality of magnets and the second plurality of magnets are arranged so that the wireless charger self-aligns in a desired position when attached to the protective case and transmits energy through the protective case into the mobile device.1. A wireless charging system, comprising:
a protective case for a mobile device configured for wireless charging, the protective case including a first plurality of magnets; a wireless charger having a first front side and a first back side, the wireless charger further including a charging pad and a second plurality of magnets on the first front side wherein the second plurality of magnets are magnetically coupled to the first plurality of magnets; wherein the first plurality of magnets and the second plurality of magnets are arranged so that the wireless charger self-aligns in a desired position when attached to the protective case and transmits energy through the protective case into the mobile device. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the first plurality magnets are arranged around coils of the wireless charger when the wireless charger is attached to the protective case. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the protective case may be configured in one of a landscape orientation and a portrait orientation relative to the wireless charger. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first plurality of magnets are embedded within the protective case. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein at least a first magnet of the first plurality of magnets is attracted to a corresponding second magnet of the second plurality of magnets. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein at least a first magnet of the first plurality of magnets having an outwardly-facing north pole is attracted to a corresponding magnet of the second plurality of magnets having an outwardly-facing south pole. 7. A wireless charging system, comprising:
a protective case for a mobile device having coils for wireless charging, the protective case including a first plurality of alternating polarity magnets; a wireless charger having a first front side and a first back side, the wireless charger further having coils and a second plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the first front side wherein the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets are magnetically coupled to the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets; wherein the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets and the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets are arranged so that when the wireless charger becomes connected to the protective case the coils of the wireless charger align with the coils of the mobile device so that energy may be transmitted through the protective case and into the mobile device. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein a distance L between the coils of the wireless charger and the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets is substantially identical to a distance L′ between the coils of the mobile device and the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets when the mobile device is disposed within the protective case. 9. The system of claim 7 further including:
a third plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the first back side;
an accessory device having a second front side and a second back side, the accessory device having a fourth plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the second front side and a fifth plurality of alternating polarity magnets on the second back side wherein the fourth plurality of alternating polarity magnets are magnetically coupled to the third plurality of alternating polarity magnets. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the second plurality of magnets are configured to mirror an arrangement of the first plurality of magnets. 11. The system of claim 7 wherein the first plurality of magnets are embedded within the protective case. 12. A case apparatus, comprising:
a protective case configured to contain a mobile device configured for wireless charging; a first plurality of magnets included within the protective case wherein the first plurality of magnets are configured to be magnetically coupled to a second plurality of magnets of a wireless charger so that the wireless charger self-aligns in a desired position when magnetically attached to the protective case, the first plurality of magnets being arranged so as to be disposed around a periphery of a charging pad of the wireless device when the wireless charger is magnetically attached to the protective case. 13. The case apparatus of claim 12 wherein the protective case may be configured in one of a landscape orientation and a portrait orientation relative to the wireless charger. 14. The case apparatus of claim 12 wherein at least a first magnet of the first plurality of magnets is attracted to a corresponding second magnet of the second plurality of magnets. 15. A case apparatus, comprising:
a protective case configured to contain a mobile device having coils for wireless charging; a first plurality of alternating polarity magnets included within the protective case, the first plurality of magnets being arranged within the protective case so that when the mobile device is disposed within the protective case the first plurality of magnets are disposed around a periphery of the coils; wherein the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets are arranged so that when the protective case becomes connected to a wireless charger having a second plurality of alternating polarity magnets, the coils of the mobile device align with coils of the wireless charger align with so that energy may be transmitted through the protective case and into the mobile device to recharge a battery of the mobile device. 16. The case apparatus of claim 15 wherein a distance L between the coils of the wireless charger and the second plurality of alternating polarity magnets is substantially identical to a distance L′ between the coils of the mobile device and the first plurality of alternating polarity magnets when the mobile device is disposed within the protective case. 17. The case apparatus of claim 15 wherein the second plurality of magnets are configured to mirror an arrangement of the first plurality of magnets. | 3,700 |
343,681 | 16,803,107 | 3,734 | A power system comprises a battery connected to a first power supply. The power system determines that the power supply has transitioned to a first state and, in response, disconnects the battery from the first power supply and connects the battery to a second power supply. The power system determines that the first power supply has transitioned to a second state and, in response, the power system disconnects the battery from the second power supply and reconnects the battery to the first power supply. The power system can include a second battery and can connect and disconnect the second battery and the power supplies in response to a change in state of the power supplies. A method can dynamically connect and disconnect batteries and power supplies of a power system based on states of the power supplies. | 1. A power system, the power system comprising:
a first battery, the first battery comprising a first power interface; a first and a second power supply, the first power supply comprising a second power interface and a first status interface, the second power supply comprising a third power interface; and, connection configuration logic, wherein the connection configuration logic is configured to: connect the first power interface and the second power interface, making a first connection between the battery and the first power supply; receive, via the first status interface, a first status of the first power supply; determine, based on the first status, that the first power supply has transitioned to a first state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the first state, disconnect the first connection and connect the first power interface and the third power interface, making a second connection between the battery and the second power supply. 2. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first status comprises a degraded status of the first power supply. 3. The power system of claim 1, wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to:
receive, via the first status interface, a second status of the first power supply; determine, based on the second status, that the first power supply has transitioned to a second state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the second state, disconnect the second connection and reconnect the first connection. 4. The power system of claim 3, wherein the first status comprises a degraded status of the first power supply and the second status comprises an operational status of the first power supply. 5. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third power interfaces each comprise a respective battery power interface and battery charge interface;
wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the first connection comprises the connection configuration logic further configured to connect the battery power interface of the first power interface and the battery power interface of the second power interface; and, wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the second connection comprises the connection configuration logic configured to connect the battery power interface of the first power interface and the battery power interface of the third power interface. 6. The power system of claim 5, wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the first connection further comprises the connection configuration logic configured to connect the battery charge interface of the first power interface and the battery charge interface of the second power interface; and,
wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the second connection further comprises the connection configuration logic configured to connect the battery charge interface of the first power interface and the battery charge interface of the third power interface. 7. The power system of claim 1, wherein the power system further comprises a second battery, the second battery comprising a fourth power interface; and,
wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to connect the fourth power interface and the third power interface in a third connection. 8. The power system of claim 7, wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to connect the fourth power interface and the second power interface in a fourth connection. 9. The power system of claim 7, wherein the second power supply comprises a second status interface; and,
wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to: receive, via the second status interface, a third status of the second power supply; determine, based on the third status, that the second power supply has transitioned to a third state; and, in response to the determining that the second power supply has transitioned to the third state, disconnect the third connection and connect the fourth connection. 10. The power system of claim 9, wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to:
receive, via the second status interface, a fourth status of the second power supply; determine, based on the fourth status, that the second power supply has transitioned to a fourth state; and, in response to the determining that the second power supply has transitioned to the fourth state, disconnect the fourth connection and reconnect the third connection. 11. The power system of claim 7, wherein the second connection comprises a connection between the first power interface and the third power interface electrically in parallel with the third connection connecting the fourth power interface and the third power interface. 12. The power system of claim 7, wherein the fourth connection comprises a connection between the fourth power interface and the second power interface electrically in parallel with the first connection between the first power interface and the second power interface. 13. A method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a power system, a first status of a first power supply, the first power supply connected to a first battery by means of a first connection between a power interface of the first power supply and a power interface of the first battery; determining, by the power system, based on the first status of the first power supply, that the first power supply has transitioned to a first state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the first state, disconnecting the first connection and connecting the battery to a second power supply by making a second connection between the power interface of the battery and a power interface of the second power supply. 14. The method of claim 13, the method further comprising:
in response to the first power supply having transitioned to the first state, receiving, by the power system, a second status of the first power supply; determining, by the power system, based on the second status, that the first power supply has transitioned to a second state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the second state, disconnecting the second connection and reconnecting the first connection. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises determining, by the power system, that the second power supply is in a third state; and,
wherein the connecting the second connection is based on the second power supply in the third state. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first state comprises a degraded state of the first power supply. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first state comprises a degraded state of the first power supply; and,
wherein the second state comprises an operational state of the first power supply. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second power supply is connected to a second battery by means of a third connection between the power interface of the second power supply and a power interface of the second battery. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first battery connected to the second power supply by means of the second connection comprises a connection between the power interface of the first battery and the power interface of the second power supply electrically in parallel with the third connection between the power interface of the second battery and the power interface of the second power supply. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second connections comprise connections through a switch. | A power system comprises a battery connected to a first power supply. The power system determines that the power supply has transitioned to a first state and, in response, disconnects the battery from the first power supply and connects the battery to a second power supply. The power system determines that the first power supply has transitioned to a second state and, in response, the power system disconnects the battery from the second power supply and reconnects the battery to the first power supply. The power system can include a second battery and can connect and disconnect the second battery and the power supplies in response to a change in state of the power supplies. A method can dynamically connect and disconnect batteries and power supplies of a power system based on states of the power supplies.1. A power system, the power system comprising:
a first battery, the first battery comprising a first power interface; a first and a second power supply, the first power supply comprising a second power interface and a first status interface, the second power supply comprising a third power interface; and, connection configuration logic, wherein the connection configuration logic is configured to: connect the first power interface and the second power interface, making a first connection between the battery and the first power supply; receive, via the first status interface, a first status of the first power supply; determine, based on the first status, that the first power supply has transitioned to a first state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the first state, disconnect the first connection and connect the first power interface and the third power interface, making a second connection between the battery and the second power supply. 2. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first status comprises a degraded status of the first power supply. 3. The power system of claim 1, wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to:
receive, via the first status interface, a second status of the first power supply; determine, based on the second status, that the first power supply has transitioned to a second state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the second state, disconnect the second connection and reconnect the first connection. 4. The power system of claim 3, wherein the first status comprises a degraded status of the first power supply and the second status comprises an operational status of the first power supply. 5. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third power interfaces each comprise a respective battery power interface and battery charge interface;
wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the first connection comprises the connection configuration logic further configured to connect the battery power interface of the first power interface and the battery power interface of the second power interface; and, wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the second connection comprises the connection configuration logic configured to connect the battery power interface of the first power interface and the battery power interface of the third power interface. 6. The power system of claim 5, wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the first connection further comprises the connection configuration logic configured to connect the battery charge interface of the first power interface and the battery charge interface of the second power interface; and,
wherein the connection configuration logic configured to make the second connection further comprises the connection configuration logic configured to connect the battery charge interface of the first power interface and the battery charge interface of the third power interface. 7. The power system of claim 1, wherein the power system further comprises a second battery, the second battery comprising a fourth power interface; and,
wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to connect the fourth power interface and the third power interface in a third connection. 8. The power system of claim 7, wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to connect the fourth power interface and the second power interface in a fourth connection. 9. The power system of claim 7, wherein the second power supply comprises a second status interface; and,
wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to: receive, via the second status interface, a third status of the second power supply; determine, based on the third status, that the second power supply has transitioned to a third state; and, in response to the determining that the second power supply has transitioned to the third state, disconnect the third connection and connect the fourth connection. 10. The power system of claim 9, wherein the connection configuration logic is further configured to:
receive, via the second status interface, a fourth status of the second power supply; determine, based on the fourth status, that the second power supply has transitioned to a fourth state; and, in response to the determining that the second power supply has transitioned to the fourth state, disconnect the fourth connection and reconnect the third connection. 11. The power system of claim 7, wherein the second connection comprises a connection between the first power interface and the third power interface electrically in parallel with the third connection connecting the fourth power interface and the third power interface. 12. The power system of claim 7, wherein the fourth connection comprises a connection between the fourth power interface and the second power interface electrically in parallel with the first connection between the first power interface and the second power interface. 13. A method, the method comprising:
receiving, by a power system, a first status of a first power supply, the first power supply connected to a first battery by means of a first connection between a power interface of the first power supply and a power interface of the first battery; determining, by the power system, based on the first status of the first power supply, that the first power supply has transitioned to a first state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the first state, disconnecting the first connection and connecting the battery to a second power supply by making a second connection between the power interface of the battery and a power interface of the second power supply. 14. The method of claim 13, the method further comprising:
in response to the first power supply having transitioned to the first state, receiving, by the power system, a second status of the first power supply; determining, by the power system, based on the second status, that the first power supply has transitioned to a second state; and, in response to the determining that the first power supply has transitioned to the second state, disconnecting the second connection and reconnecting the first connection. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises determining, by the power system, that the second power supply is in a third state; and,
wherein the connecting the second connection is based on the second power supply in the third state. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first state comprises a degraded state of the first power supply. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first state comprises a degraded state of the first power supply; and,
wherein the second state comprises an operational state of the first power supply. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second power supply is connected to a second battery by means of a third connection between the power interface of the second power supply and a power interface of the second battery. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first battery connected to the second power supply by means of the second connection comprises a connection between the power interface of the first battery and the power interface of the second power supply electrically in parallel with the third connection between the power interface of the second battery and the power interface of the second power supply. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second connections comprise connections through a switch. | 3,700 |
343,682 | 16,803,112 | 2,887 | “Publishers” generate individual QR codes which may be either displayed on a smartphone or printed on a physical label, and “consumers” scan and decode those codes for secure and private communication with the publishers, without either party knowing the phone number or email address of the other party. At least one profile associated with the publisher may be an anonymous profile that permits the disclosure of only a specified subset of the otherwise available information about that publisher, and that information is not directly embodied in the displayed code, but rather is stored on a secure remote server which is selectively accessible by the consumer. If both parties have not authorized the release of their respective names and phone numbers (or other public contact information) to the other party by exchanging respective public profiles within a predetermined time period, any associated temporary contact numbers may be disabled and any anonymous contact information may be deleted from the remote server. A remote app on the publisher's smartphone may be used to generate the QR code and upload the associated contact information and permissions to the secure server, and a local app on the consumer's smartphone may be used to scan and process the QR code and commence secure and private communication with that publisher via the secure server. | 1. A method for facilitating private or anonymous communications, comprising:
obtaining, with a two dimensional code scanner of an application residing on a mobile device of a first user, a scanned image of a code symbol corresponding to a unique communication profile of a second user; converting, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, the scanned image of the code symbol into a corresponding two dimensional pattern of dots representative of the code symbol; extracting from the two dimensional pattern of dots, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, a digital identification code of the second user in the form of a sequence of digital data embedded in the code symbol; and establishing, using an application of the mobile device of the first user and the digital identification code of the second user, a secure two-way communication with the second user; wherein the digital identification code of the second user does not include information associated with a network address of the second user or information designated as anonymous by the second user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing the secure two-way communication with the second user does not reveal to the second user the network address of the first user or information designated as anonymous by the first user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein establishing a secure two-way communication with the second user comprises using a secure server. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the secure server stores one o more of: the information associated with a network address of the first or second user, the information designated as anonymous by the first or second user, or contact information of the first or second user. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the secure server uses at least some of the information associated with a network address of the first or second user, at least some of the information designated as anonymous by the first or second user, or at least some of the contact information of the first or second user to establish the secure two-way communication between the first and second users. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the secure server deletes one or more of: the corresponding information associated with a network address of the first or second user, the information designated as anonymous by the first or second user, or the contact information of the first or second user if the first or second user has not established a secure two-way communication within a predetermined time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital identification code of the second user expires if the first user does not establish the secure two-way communication with the second user within a predetermined time. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the application of the mobile device of the first user includes a stored table of previously extracted digital identification codes of other users, including the second user. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the digital identification code of the second user includes a set of numbers or a value associated with a stored profile of the second user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a remote server uses the set of numbers or the value to access the information associated with a network address of the second user or the information designated as anonymous by the second user. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the code symbol corresponding to a unique communication profile of the second user comprises a QR code and includes a classification category indicative of the level of anonymity associated with the profile. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the classification category is one of: personal, professional, anonymous, or miscellaneous. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via the application of the mobile device of the first user, notifications from the second user. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the notifications comprise one or more of: a request to establish a two-way communication, an alert, a sound, an icon badge, a sticker, a selection of one or more items for purchase, or a reminder to perform a task. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via the application of the mobile device of the first user, one or more of: the information associated with a network address of the second user, the information designated as anonymous by the second user, or contact information of the second user, as authorized by the second user. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: storing, via the application of the mobile device of the first user, one or more of: the information associated with a network address of the second user, the information designated as anonymous by the second user, or the contact information of the second user in the first user's contact lists. 17. A method for facilitating private or anonymous communications, comprising:
creating, using an application of a mobile device of a first user, a unique communication profile of a first user, wherein the profile includes information designated as anonymous by the first user; generating, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, a two dimensional code symbol corresponding to the unique communication profile of the first user; displaying, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, the code symbol for scanning by a second user, wherein the code symbol includes a digital identification code of the first user in the form of a sequence of digital data embedded in the code symbol; and establishing, using an application of the mobile device and the digital identification code of the first user, a secure two-way communication with the second user; wherein the digital identification code of the second user does not include information associated with a network address of the first user or information designated as anonymous by the first user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the application of the mobile device of the first user includes a stored table of previously generated two dimensional code symbols of the first user. 19. A tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable medium storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors effectuate operations comprising:
obtaining, with a two dimensional code scanner of an application residing on a mobile device of a first user, a scanned image of a code symbol corresponding to a unique communication profile of a second user; converting, using an application of the mobile device of the first user, the scanned image of the code symbol into a corresponding two dimensional pattern of dots representative of the code symbol; extracting from the two dimensional pattern of dots, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, a digital identification code of the second user in the form of a sequence of digital data embedded in the code symbol; and establishing, using an application of the mobile device of the first user and the digital identification code of the second user, a secure two-way communication with the second user; wherein the digital identification code of the second user does not include information associated with a network address of the second user or information designated as anonymous by the second user. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise: listing the scanned image of the code symbol in a database of active code symbols. | “Publishers” generate individual QR codes which may be either displayed on a smartphone or printed on a physical label, and “consumers” scan and decode those codes for secure and private communication with the publishers, without either party knowing the phone number or email address of the other party. At least one profile associated with the publisher may be an anonymous profile that permits the disclosure of only a specified subset of the otherwise available information about that publisher, and that information is not directly embodied in the displayed code, but rather is stored on a secure remote server which is selectively accessible by the consumer. If both parties have not authorized the release of their respective names and phone numbers (or other public contact information) to the other party by exchanging respective public profiles within a predetermined time period, any associated temporary contact numbers may be disabled and any anonymous contact information may be deleted from the remote server. A remote app on the publisher's smartphone may be used to generate the QR code and upload the associated contact information and permissions to the secure server, and a local app on the consumer's smartphone may be used to scan and process the QR code and commence secure and private communication with that publisher via the secure server.1. A method for facilitating private or anonymous communications, comprising:
obtaining, with a two dimensional code scanner of an application residing on a mobile device of a first user, a scanned image of a code symbol corresponding to a unique communication profile of a second user; converting, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, the scanned image of the code symbol into a corresponding two dimensional pattern of dots representative of the code symbol; extracting from the two dimensional pattern of dots, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, a digital identification code of the second user in the form of a sequence of digital data embedded in the code symbol; and establishing, using an application of the mobile device of the first user and the digital identification code of the second user, a secure two-way communication with the second user; wherein the digital identification code of the second user does not include information associated with a network address of the second user or information designated as anonymous by the second user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing the secure two-way communication with the second user does not reveal to the second user the network address of the first user or information designated as anonymous by the first user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein establishing a secure two-way communication with the second user comprises using a secure server. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the secure server stores one o more of: the information associated with a network address of the first or second user, the information designated as anonymous by the first or second user, or contact information of the first or second user. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the secure server uses at least some of the information associated with a network address of the first or second user, at least some of the information designated as anonymous by the first or second user, or at least some of the contact information of the first or second user to establish the secure two-way communication between the first and second users. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the secure server deletes one or more of: the corresponding information associated with a network address of the first or second user, the information designated as anonymous by the first or second user, or the contact information of the first or second user if the first or second user has not established a secure two-way communication within a predetermined time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital identification code of the second user expires if the first user does not establish the secure two-way communication with the second user within a predetermined time. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the application of the mobile device of the first user includes a stored table of previously extracted digital identification codes of other users, including the second user. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the digital identification code of the second user includes a set of numbers or a value associated with a stored profile of the second user. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a remote server uses the set of numbers or the value to access the information associated with a network address of the second user or the information designated as anonymous by the second user. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the code symbol corresponding to a unique communication profile of the second user comprises a QR code and includes a classification category indicative of the level of anonymity associated with the profile. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the classification category is one of: personal, professional, anonymous, or miscellaneous. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via the application of the mobile device of the first user, notifications from the second user. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the notifications comprise one or more of: a request to establish a two-way communication, an alert, a sound, an icon badge, a sticker, a selection of one or more items for purchase, or a reminder to perform a task. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via the application of the mobile device of the first user, one or more of: the information associated with a network address of the second user, the information designated as anonymous by the second user, or contact information of the second user, as authorized by the second user. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: storing, via the application of the mobile device of the first user, one or more of: the information associated with a network address of the second user, the information designated as anonymous by the second user, or the contact information of the second user in the first user's contact lists. 17. A method for facilitating private or anonymous communications, comprising:
creating, using an application of a mobile device of a first user, a unique communication profile of a first user, wherein the profile includes information designated as anonymous by the first user; generating, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, a two dimensional code symbol corresponding to the unique communication profile of the first user; displaying, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, the code symbol for scanning by a second user, wherein the code symbol includes a digital identification code of the first user in the form of a sequence of digital data embedded in the code symbol; and establishing, using an application of the mobile device and the digital identification code of the first user, a secure two-way communication with the second user; wherein the digital identification code of the second user does not include information associated with a network address of the first user or information designated as anonymous by the first user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the application of the mobile device of the first user includes a stored table of previously generated two dimensional code symbols of the first user. 19. A tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable medium storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors effectuate operations comprising:
obtaining, with a two dimensional code scanner of an application residing on a mobile device of a first user, a scanned image of a code symbol corresponding to a unique communication profile of a second user; converting, using an application of the mobile device of the first user, the scanned image of the code symbol into a corresponding two dimensional pattern of dots representative of the code symbol; extracting from the two dimensional pattern of dots, using the application of the mobile device of the first user, a digital identification code of the second user in the form of a sequence of digital data embedded in the code symbol; and establishing, using an application of the mobile device of the first user and the digital identification code of the second user, a secure two-way communication with the second user; wherein the digital identification code of the second user does not include information associated with a network address of the second user or information designated as anonymous by the second user. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise: listing the scanned image of the code symbol in a database of active code symbols. | 2,800 |
343,683 | 16,803,104 | 2,887 | An example method of enforcing granular access policy for embedded artifacts comprises: detecting an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container; associating the embedded artifact with at least a subset of an access control policy associated with the resource container; and responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, applying the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. | 1. A method, comprising:
detecting, by a computer system, an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container; associating the embedded artifact with at least a subset of an access control policy of with the resource container; and responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, applying the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. 2. The method of clam 1, wherein the embedded artifact is provided by one of: a file or a second resource container. 3. The method of clam 1, wherein the embedded artifact comprises a first part associated with a first subset of the access control policy and a second part associated with a second subset of the access control policy. 4. The method of clam 1, wherein associating the embedded artifact with the subset of the access control policy is performed using an access control policy pointer stored in metadata of the embedded artifact. 5. The method of clam 1, wherein applying the access control policy associated with the resource container further comprises:
identifying a permission associated, by the access control policy, with a user group associated with a user that initiated the access request; and determining whether the permission matches an access type specified by the access request. 6. The method of clam 1, further comprising:
creating a copy of the access control policy; associating the embedded artifact with the copy of the access control policy; and disassociating the embedded artifact from the resource container. 7. The method of clam 1, further comprising:
creating a restrictive version of the access control policy; associating the embedded artifact with the restrictive version of the access control policy; redacting a part of the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy; and sharing the embedded artifact with a user that is authorized to access the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy. 8. A system, comprising:
memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to:
detect an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container;
associate the embedded artifact with at least a subset of an access control policy of with the resource container; and
responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, apply the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the embedded artifact is provided by one of: a file or a second resource container. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the embedded artifact comprises a first part associated with a first subset of the access control policy and a second part associated with a second subset of the access control policy. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein associating the embedded artifact with the subset of the access control policy is performed using an access control policy pointer stored in metadata of the embedded artifact. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein applying the access control policy associated with the resource container further comprises:
identifying a permission associated, by the access control policy, with a user group associated with a user that initiated the access request; and determining whether the permission matches an access type specified by the access request. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
create a copy of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the copy of the access control policy; and disassociate the embedded artifact from the resource container. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
create a restrictive version of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the restrictive version of the access control policy; redact a part of the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy; and share the embedded artifact with a user that is authorized to access the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to:
detect an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container; initialize an access control policy pointer of the embedded artifact to reference an access control policy associated with the resource container; and responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, apply the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the embedded artifact is provided by one of: a file or a second resource container. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the embedded artifact comprises a first part associated with a first subset of the access control policy and a second part associated with a second subset of the access control policy. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein applying the access control policy associated with the resource container further comprises:
identifying a permission associated, by the access control policy, with a user group associated with a user that initiated the access request; and determining whether the permission matches an access type specified by the access request. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the computer system, cause the computer system to:
create a copy of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the copy of the access control policy; and disassociate the embedded artifact from the resource container. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the computer system, cause the computer system to:
create a restrictive version of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the restrictive version of the access control policy; redact a part of the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy; and share the embedded artifact with a user that is authorized to access the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy. | An example method of enforcing granular access policy for embedded artifacts comprises: detecting an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container; associating the embedded artifact with at least a subset of an access control policy associated with the resource container; and responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, applying the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable.1. A method, comprising:
detecting, by a computer system, an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container; associating the embedded artifact with at least a subset of an access control policy of with the resource container; and responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, applying the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. 2. The method of clam 1, wherein the embedded artifact is provided by one of: a file or a second resource container. 3. The method of clam 1, wherein the embedded artifact comprises a first part associated with a first subset of the access control policy and a second part associated with a second subset of the access control policy. 4. The method of clam 1, wherein associating the embedded artifact with the subset of the access control policy is performed using an access control policy pointer stored in metadata of the embedded artifact. 5. The method of clam 1, wherein applying the access control policy associated with the resource container further comprises:
identifying a permission associated, by the access control policy, with a user group associated with a user that initiated the access request; and determining whether the permission matches an access type specified by the access request. 6. The method of clam 1, further comprising:
creating a copy of the access control policy; associating the embedded artifact with the copy of the access control policy; and disassociating the embedded artifact from the resource container. 7. The method of clam 1, further comprising:
creating a restrictive version of the access control policy; associating the embedded artifact with the restrictive version of the access control policy; redacting a part of the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy; and sharing the embedded artifact with a user that is authorized to access the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy. 8. A system, comprising:
memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to:
detect an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container;
associate the embedded artifact with at least a subset of an access control policy of with the resource container; and
responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, apply the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the embedded artifact is provided by one of: a file or a second resource container. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the embedded artifact comprises a first part associated with a first subset of the access control policy and a second part associated with a second subset of the access control policy. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein associating the embedded artifact with the subset of the access control policy is performed using an access control policy pointer stored in metadata of the embedded artifact. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein applying the access control policy associated with the resource container further comprises:
identifying a permission associated, by the access control policy, with a user group associated with a user that initiated the access request; and determining whether the permission matches an access type specified by the access request. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
create a copy of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the copy of the access control policy; and disassociate the embedded artifact from the resource container. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
create a restrictive version of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the restrictive version of the access control policy; redact a part of the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy; and share the embedded artifact with a user that is authorized to access the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to:
detect an association of an embedded artifact with a resource container; initialize an access control policy pointer of the embedded artifact to reference an access control policy associated with the resource container; and responsive to receiving an access request to access the embedded artifact, apply the access control policy associated with the resource container for determining whether the access request is grantable. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the embedded artifact is provided by one of: a file or a second resource container. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the embedded artifact comprises a first part associated with a first subset of the access control policy and a second part associated with a second subset of the access control policy. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein applying the access control policy associated with the resource container further comprises:
identifying a permission associated, by the access control policy, with a user group associated with a user that initiated the access request; and determining whether the permission matches an access type specified by the access request. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the computer system, cause the computer system to:
create a copy of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the copy of the access control policy; and disassociate the embedded artifact from the resource container. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the computer system, cause the computer system to:
create a restrictive version of the access control policy; associate the embedded artifact with the restrictive version of the access control policy; redact a part of the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy; and share the embedded artifact with a user that is authorized to access the embedded artifact based on the restrictive version of the access control policy. | 2,800 |
343,684 | 16,803,122 | 2,887 | A method for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostic of genetic diseases includes receiving ribonucleic acid, RNA, related data; calculating a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating an omega index based on a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for a gene g of the human genome; and determining that the gene g is a candidate for a genetic disorder. | 1. A method for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostic of genetic diseases, the method comprising:
receiving ribonucleic acid, RNA, related data; calculating a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating an omega index based on a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for a gene g of the human genome; and determining that the gene g is a candidate for a genetic disorder. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the omega index quantifies an abundance level of functional mRNA. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA data includes samples of RNA-seq data and genome transcriptome annotation data. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t comprises:
calculating a ratio of (1) a count of an annotated splice junction and (2) a sum of (i) the count of the annotated splice junction, (ii) a count of unannotated splice junction, and (iii) a normalized count of an intron reduction within the annotated splicing region. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the ratio for the junction i is multiplied with corresponding ratios of other junctions that belong to a set of splicing junctions for the transcript t to calculate the probability λt. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t comprises:
determining the transcript counts; selecting that transcripts that are annotated as protein-coding to obtain coding transcript counts; and normalizing the coding transcript counts so that a sum of the coding transcript counts is one million. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the omega index comprises:
calculating a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for each transcript t, which is part of a set Tg of coding transcripts annotated for the gene g. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein a transcript is determined to be annotated by calculating a distance of each observed splicing junction from closest donor and acceptor sites using a location of an annotated exon of the RNA. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the omega measure partitions an abundance level of each coding gene into annotated, splicing error-free mRNAs and unannotated, cryptic mRNAs. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the unannotated, cryptic mRNAs is indicative of an error in a corresponding gene. 11. A computing device for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostic of genetic diseases, the computing device comprising:
an interface configured to receive ribonucleic acid, RNA, related data; and a processor connected to the interface and configured to, calculate a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculate the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculate an omega index based on a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for a gene g of the human genome; and determine that the gene g is a candidate for a genetic disorder. 12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the omega index quantifies an abundance level of functional mRNA. 13. The computing device of claim 11, wherein RNA data includes samples of RNA-seq data and genome transcriptome annotation data. 14. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
calculate a ratio of (1) a count of an annotated splice junction and (2) a sum of (i) the count of the annotated splice junction, (ii) a count of unannotated splice junction, and (iii) a normalized count of an intron reduction within the annotated splicing region, as part of the probability λt of the error-free splicing for the coding transcript t. 15. The computing device of claim 14, wherein the ratio for the junction i is multiplied with corresponding ratios of other junctions that belong to a set of splicing junctions for the transcript t to calculate the probability λt. 16. The computing device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate, as part of calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t:
determining the transcript counts; selecting that transcripts that are annotated as protein-coding to obtain coding transcript counts; and normalizing the coding transcript counts so that a sum of the coding transcript counts is one million. 17. The computing device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate, as part of the step of calculating the omega index:
a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for each transcript t, which is part of a set Tg of coding transcripts annotated for the gene g. 18. The computing device of claim 14, wherein a transcript is determined to be annotated by calculating a distance of each observed splicing junction from closest donor and acceptor sites using a location of an annotated exon of the RNA. 19. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the omega measure partitions an abundance level of each coding gene into annotated, splicing error-free mRNAs and unannotated, cryptic mRNAs. 20. The computing device of claim 19, wherein the unannotated, cryptic mRNAs is indicative of an error in a corresponding gene. | A method for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostic of genetic diseases includes receiving ribonucleic acid, RNA, related data; calculating a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating an omega index based on a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for a gene g of the human genome; and determining that the gene g is a candidate for a genetic disorder.1. A method for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostic of genetic diseases, the method comprising:
receiving ribonucleic acid, RNA, related data; calculating a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculating an omega index based on a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for a gene g of the human genome; and determining that the gene g is a candidate for a genetic disorder. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the omega index quantifies an abundance level of functional mRNA. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA data includes samples of RNA-seq data and genome transcriptome annotation data. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t comprises:
calculating a ratio of (1) a count of an annotated splice junction and (2) a sum of (i) the count of the annotated splice junction, (ii) a count of unannotated splice junction, and (iii) a normalized count of an intron reduction within the annotated splicing region. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the ratio for the junction i is multiplied with corresponding ratios of other junctions that belong to a set of splicing junctions for the transcript t to calculate the probability λt. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t comprises:
determining the transcript counts; selecting that transcripts that are annotated as protein-coding to obtain coding transcript counts; and normalizing the coding transcript counts so that a sum of the coding transcript counts is one million. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of calculating the omega index comprises:
calculating a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for each transcript t, which is part of a set Tg of coding transcripts annotated for the gene g. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein a transcript is determined to be annotated by calculating a distance of each observed splicing junction from closest donor and acceptor sites using a location of an annotated exon of the RNA. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the omega measure partitions an abundance level of each coding gene into annotated, splicing error-free mRNAs and unannotated, cryptic mRNAs. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the unannotated, cryptic mRNAs is indicative of an error in a corresponding gene. 11. A computing device for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostic of genetic diseases, the computing device comprising:
an interface configured to receive ribonucleic acid, RNA, related data; and a processor connected to the interface and configured to, calculate a probability λt of an error-free splicing for a coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculate the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t based on the RNA data; calculate an omega index based on a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for a gene g of the human genome; and determine that the gene g is a candidate for a genetic disorder. 12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the omega index quantifies an abundance level of functional mRNA. 13. The computing device of claim 11, wherein RNA data includes samples of RNA-seq data and genome transcriptome annotation data. 14. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
calculate a ratio of (1) a count of an annotated splice junction and (2) a sum of (i) the count of the annotated splice junction, (ii) a count of unannotated splice junction, and (iii) a normalized count of an intron reduction within the annotated splicing region, as part of the probability λt of the error-free splicing for the coding transcript t. 15. The computing device of claim 14, wherein the ratio for the junction i is multiplied with corresponding ratios of other junctions that belong to a set of splicing junctions for the transcript t to calculate the probability λt. 16. The computing device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate, as part of calculating the count-per-million (CPM) normalized xt for the coding transcript t:
determining the transcript counts; selecting that transcripts that are annotated as protein-coding to obtain coding transcript counts; and normalizing the coding transcript counts so that a sum of the coding transcript counts is one million. 17. The computing device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate, as part of the step of calculating the omega index:
a product of the probability λt and the CPM normalized xt for each transcript t, which is part of a set Tg of coding transcripts annotated for the gene g. 18. The computing device of claim 14, wherein a transcript is determined to be annotated by calculating a distance of each observed splicing junction from closest donor and acceptor sites using a location of an annotated exon of the RNA. 19. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the omega measure partitions an abundance level of each coding gene into annotated, splicing error-free mRNAs and unannotated, cryptic mRNAs. 20. The computing device of claim 19, wherein the unannotated, cryptic mRNAs is indicative of an error in a corresponding gene. | 2,800 |
343,685 | 16,803,118 | 2,887 | A retrofit switch apparatus is attached to a traditional switch device. The traditional switch device has a traditional switch for accepting a first user manual operation to control a target. The retrofit switch apparatus includes an attaching device, a retrofit housing and a touch module. The attaching device is attached to the traditional switch device. The retrofit housing provides a containing space for covering the traditional switch. The touch module has a touch surface and a driver circuit. The touch surface receives a second user manual operation processed by the driver circuit. | 1. A retrofit switch apparatus for being attached to a traditional switch device, the traditional switch device being fixed to an environment surface and having a traditional switch mounted on a traditional switch cover surface of the traditional switch device used for accepting a first user manual operation to control a target device connected to the traditional switch device with an electrical wire, the retrofit switch apparatus comprising:
an attaching device for attaching to the traditional switch cover surface; a retrofit housing connected to the attaching device for providing a containing space for covering the traditional switch so as to keep the traditional switch remaining a predetermined operation status when the attaching device being attached to the traditional switch cover surface; and a touch module supported by the retrofit housing, the touch module having a touch surface and a driver circuit, the touch surface being for receiving a second user manual operation processed by the driver circuit, wherein the second user manual operation is associated with the function of the first user manual operation, wherein the touch surface of the touch module has a movable connection and the retrofit housing having a detachable connection and the driver circuit providing a wireless control to the target device, wherein the attaching device has a first mode and a second mode, the traditional switch is covered by the retrofit housing and kept untouchable from a user in the first mode, and a part of the retrofit housing is moved for exposing the traditional switch to the user in the second mode for the user to operate the traditional switch. 2. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module is detachable from the retrofit housing to form the movable connection. 3. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module has a battery box and the opening of the battery box is hidden when the touch module is fit in the retrofit housing. 4. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module is connected with the retrofit housing via a rotatable axis, the touch module is rotated with respect to the retrofit housing for replacing a battery of the touch module. 5. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch surface having a display showing a control interface associated to the traditional switch. 6. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attaching device having a surface part, a mounting part, and a connector part, the surface part is fixed on the traditional switch cover surface, the mounting part fixed to the mechanical switch, and the mounting part and the surface part have a detachable connection via the connector part. 7. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 6, wherein the connector part comprises magnet component for performing the detachable connection. 8. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a battery box exposed to the user in the second mode for the user to replace a battery in the battery box. 9. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attaching device comprises a sucker unit using air pressure to attach the retrofit housing upon the traditional switch. 10. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attaching device comprising an adhesive tape using glue to attach the retrofit housing upon the traditional switch. 11. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display window, wherein the traditional switch device has a display showing a status of the target device, the display window showing the status. 12. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 11, wherein the display window is driven by the wireless controller to shows the status. 13. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 12, wherein the display window is an opening showing the status of the traditional switch device to a user. 14. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless controller has a visual indicator showing a working status to a user. 15. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 14, wherein the visual indicator changes appearance in response to the second user manual operation. 16. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless controller has an audio indicator for generating sound in response to the second user manual operation. 17. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the traditional switch is an on/off toggle switch. 18. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the driver circuit is located under but aside the touch surface. 19. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the driver circuit receives electrical power from the traditional switch device. 20. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module controls an addition device in addition to the target device. | A retrofit switch apparatus is attached to a traditional switch device. The traditional switch device has a traditional switch for accepting a first user manual operation to control a target. The retrofit switch apparatus includes an attaching device, a retrofit housing and a touch module. The attaching device is attached to the traditional switch device. The retrofit housing provides a containing space for covering the traditional switch. The touch module has a touch surface and a driver circuit. The touch surface receives a second user manual operation processed by the driver circuit.1. A retrofit switch apparatus for being attached to a traditional switch device, the traditional switch device being fixed to an environment surface and having a traditional switch mounted on a traditional switch cover surface of the traditional switch device used for accepting a first user manual operation to control a target device connected to the traditional switch device with an electrical wire, the retrofit switch apparatus comprising:
an attaching device for attaching to the traditional switch cover surface; a retrofit housing connected to the attaching device for providing a containing space for covering the traditional switch so as to keep the traditional switch remaining a predetermined operation status when the attaching device being attached to the traditional switch cover surface; and a touch module supported by the retrofit housing, the touch module having a touch surface and a driver circuit, the touch surface being for receiving a second user manual operation processed by the driver circuit, wherein the second user manual operation is associated with the function of the first user manual operation, wherein the touch surface of the touch module has a movable connection and the retrofit housing having a detachable connection and the driver circuit providing a wireless control to the target device, wherein the attaching device has a first mode and a second mode, the traditional switch is covered by the retrofit housing and kept untouchable from a user in the first mode, and a part of the retrofit housing is moved for exposing the traditional switch to the user in the second mode for the user to operate the traditional switch. 2. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module is detachable from the retrofit housing to form the movable connection. 3. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module has a battery box and the opening of the battery box is hidden when the touch module is fit in the retrofit housing. 4. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module is connected with the retrofit housing via a rotatable axis, the touch module is rotated with respect to the retrofit housing for replacing a battery of the touch module. 5. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch surface having a display showing a control interface associated to the traditional switch. 6. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attaching device having a surface part, a mounting part, and a connector part, the surface part is fixed on the traditional switch cover surface, the mounting part fixed to the mechanical switch, and the mounting part and the surface part have a detachable connection via the connector part. 7. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 6, wherein the connector part comprises magnet component for performing the detachable connection. 8. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a battery box exposed to the user in the second mode for the user to replace a battery in the battery box. 9. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attaching device comprises a sucker unit using air pressure to attach the retrofit housing upon the traditional switch. 10. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attaching device comprising an adhesive tape using glue to attach the retrofit housing upon the traditional switch. 11. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display window, wherein the traditional switch device has a display showing a status of the target device, the display window showing the status. 12. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 11, wherein the display window is driven by the wireless controller to shows the status. 13. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 12, wherein the display window is an opening showing the status of the traditional switch device to a user. 14. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless controller has a visual indicator showing a working status to a user. 15. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 14, wherein the visual indicator changes appearance in response to the second user manual operation. 16. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless controller has an audio indicator for generating sound in response to the second user manual operation. 17. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the traditional switch is an on/off toggle switch. 18. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the driver circuit is located under but aside the touch surface. 19. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the driver circuit receives electrical power from the traditional switch device. 20. The retrofit switch apparatus of claim 1, wherein the touch module controls an addition device in addition to the target device. | 2,800 |
343,686 | 16,803,093 | 2,887 | A method and apparatus for decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding, the decoding including obtaining a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches; identifying a first boundary of a patch including a plurality of first boundary points; identifying a second boundary including a plurality of second boundary points inside the first boundary; performing smoothing on the first boundary points and the second boundary points; obtaining a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed first boundary points and the smoothed second boundary points; and reconstructing a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. | 1. A method of decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding, the method being performed by at least one processor and comprising:
obtaining a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches; identifying a first boundary of a patch from among the one or more patches, wherein the first boundary comprises a plurality of first boundary points; identifying a second boundary of the patch inside the first boundary, wherein the second boundary comprises a plurality of second boundary points; performing smoothing on the plurality of first boundary points and the plurality of second boundary points; obtaining a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points and the smoothed plurality of second boundary points; and reconstructing a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first boundary is located at an edge of the patch. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
smoothing the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter; and smoothing the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a first smoothing weight of the first smoothing filter is larger than a second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first boundary has a first boundary thickness, and
wherein the second boundary has a second boundary thickness larger than the first boundary thickness. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a third boundary of the patch inside the second boundary, wherein the third boundary comprises a plurality of third boundary points; performing smoothing on the plurality of third boundary points; and obtaining a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points, the smoothed plurality of second boundary points, and the smoothed plurality of third boundary points. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
smoothing the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter; smoothing the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter; and smoothing the plurality of third boundary points using a third smoothing filter different from the second smoothing filter and the first smoothing filter. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a first smoothing weight of the first smoothing filter is larger than a second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter, and
wherein the second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter is larger than a third smoothing weight of the third smoothing filter. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining an eroded patch by removing the plurality of first boundary points from the patch; identifying a boundary of the eroded patch located at an edge of the eroded patch; and determining the second boundary of the patch based on the boundary of the eroded patch. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein metadata of the video stream indicates at least one from among a number of boundaries to be determined, and a smoothing weight to be applied to each of the boundaries. 11. An apparatus for decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding, the apparatus comprising:
at least one memory configured to store program code; and at least one processor configured to read the program code and operate as instructed by the program code, the program code comprising:
first obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches;
first identifying code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a first boundary of a patch from among the one or more patches, wherein the first boundary comprises a plurality of first boundary points;
second identifying code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a second boundary of the patch inside the first boundary, wherein the second boundary comprises a plurality of second boundary points;
smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to perform smoothing on the plurality of first boundary points and the plurality of second boundary points;
second obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points and the smoothed plurality of second boundary points; and
reconstructing code configured to cause the at least one processor to reconstruct a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first boundary is located at an edge of the patch. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the smoothing code comprises first smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter, and
wherein the program code further comprises second smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to perform smoothing the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a first smoothing weight of the first smoothing filter is larger than a second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first boundary has a first boundary thickness, and
wherein the second boundary has a second boundary thickness larger than the first boundary thickness. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the smoothing code comprises first smoothing code, and
wherein the program code further comprises:
third identifying code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a third boundary of the patch inside the second boundary, wherein the third boundary comprises a plurality of third boundary points;
second smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to perform smoothing on the plurality of third boundary points; and
third obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points, the smoothed plurality of second boundary points, and the smoothed plurality of third boundary points. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the smoothing code comprises first smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter, and
wherein the program code further comprises:
second smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter; and
third smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of third boundary points using a third smoothing filter different from the second smoothing filter and the first smoothing filter. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises:
third obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain an eroded patch by removing the plurality of first boundary points from the patch; third obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a boundary of the eroded patch located at an edge of the eroded patch, and determining code configured to cause the at least one processor to determine the second boundary of the patch based on the boundary of the eroded patch. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein metadata of the video stream indicates at least one from among a number of boundaries to be determined, and a smoothing weight to be applied to each of the boundaries. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer instructions decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
obtain a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches; identify a first boundary of a patch from among the one or more patches, wherein the first boundary comprises a plurality of first boundary points; identify a second boundary of the patch inside the first boundary, wherein the second boundary comprises a plurality of second boundary points; perform smoothing on the plurality of first boundary points and the plurality of second boundary points; obtain a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points and the smoothed plurality of second boundary points; and reconstruct a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. | A method and apparatus for decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding, the decoding including obtaining a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches; identifying a first boundary of a patch including a plurality of first boundary points; identifying a second boundary including a plurality of second boundary points inside the first boundary; performing smoothing on the first boundary points and the second boundary points; obtaining a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed first boundary points and the smoothed second boundary points; and reconstructing a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud.1. A method of decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding, the method being performed by at least one processor and comprising:
obtaining a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches; identifying a first boundary of a patch from among the one or more patches, wherein the first boundary comprises a plurality of first boundary points; identifying a second boundary of the patch inside the first boundary, wherein the second boundary comprises a plurality of second boundary points; performing smoothing on the plurality of first boundary points and the plurality of second boundary points; obtaining a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points and the smoothed plurality of second boundary points; and reconstructing a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first boundary is located at an edge of the patch. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
smoothing the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter; and smoothing the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a first smoothing weight of the first smoothing filter is larger than a second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first boundary has a first boundary thickness, and
wherein the second boundary has a second boundary thickness larger than the first boundary thickness. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a third boundary of the patch inside the second boundary, wherein the third boundary comprises a plurality of third boundary points; performing smoothing on the plurality of third boundary points; and obtaining a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points, the smoothed plurality of second boundary points, and the smoothed plurality of third boundary points. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
smoothing the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter; smoothing the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter; and smoothing the plurality of third boundary points using a third smoothing filter different from the second smoothing filter and the first smoothing filter. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a first smoothing weight of the first smoothing filter is larger than a second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter, and
wherein the second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter is larger than a third smoothing weight of the third smoothing filter. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining an eroded patch by removing the plurality of first boundary points from the patch; identifying a boundary of the eroded patch located at an edge of the eroded patch; and determining the second boundary of the patch based on the boundary of the eroded patch. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein metadata of the video stream indicates at least one from among a number of boundaries to be determined, and a smoothing weight to be applied to each of the boundaries. 11. An apparatus for decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding, the apparatus comprising:
at least one memory configured to store program code; and at least one processor configured to read the program code and operate as instructed by the program code, the program code comprising:
first obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches;
first identifying code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a first boundary of a patch from among the one or more patches, wherein the first boundary comprises a plurality of first boundary points;
second identifying code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a second boundary of the patch inside the first boundary, wherein the second boundary comprises a plurality of second boundary points;
smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to perform smoothing on the plurality of first boundary points and the plurality of second boundary points;
second obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points and the smoothed plurality of second boundary points; and
reconstructing code configured to cause the at least one processor to reconstruct a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first boundary is located at an edge of the patch. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the smoothing code comprises first smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter, and
wherein the program code further comprises second smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to perform smoothing the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a first smoothing weight of the first smoothing filter is larger than a second smoothing weight of the second smoothing filter. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first boundary has a first boundary thickness, and
wherein the second boundary has a second boundary thickness larger than the first boundary thickness. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the smoothing code comprises first smoothing code, and
wherein the program code further comprises:
third identifying code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a third boundary of the patch inside the second boundary, wherein the third boundary comprises a plurality of third boundary points;
second smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to perform smoothing on the plurality of third boundary points; and
third obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points, the smoothed plurality of second boundary points, and the smoothed plurality of third boundary points. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the smoothing code comprises first smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of first boundary points using a first smoothing filter, and
wherein the program code further comprises:
second smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of second boundary points using a second smoothing filter different from the first smoothing filter; and
third smoothing code configured to cause the at least one processor to smooth the plurality of third boundary points using a third smoothing filter different from the second smoothing filter and the first smoothing filter. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises:
third obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to obtain an eroded patch by removing the plurality of first boundary points from the patch; third obtaining code configured to cause the at least one processor to identify a boundary of the eroded patch located at an edge of the eroded patch, and determining code configured to cause the at least one processor to determine the second boundary of the patch based on the boundary of the eroded patch. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein metadata of the video stream indicates at least one from among a number of boundaries to be determined, and a smoothing weight to be applied to each of the boundaries. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer instructions decoding a video stream encoded using video point cloud coding that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
obtain a geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on one or more patches; identify a first boundary of a patch from among the one or more patches, wherein the first boundary comprises a plurality of first boundary points; identify a second boundary of the patch inside the first boundary, wherein the second boundary comprises a plurality of second boundary points; perform smoothing on the plurality of first boundary points and the plurality of second boundary points; obtain a smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud based on the smoothed plurality of first boundary points and the smoothed plurality of second boundary points; and reconstruct a dynamic point cloud using the smoothed geometry-reconstructed point cloud. | 2,800 |
343,687 | 16,803,114 | 2,874 | The present disclosure provides a bendable optical fibre cable with high bending performance. The bendable optical fibre cable of the present disclosure includes plurality of buffer tubes, one or more ribbon stacks, the inner layer, the outer sheath, plurality of strength members, one or more water, swellable yarns and plurality of ripcords. The one or more ribbon stacks includes the plurality of optical fibers. In addition, the outer sheath is made up of a composite material characterized with low flexural modulus. The composite material has a base compound. The base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath includes polyethylene. | 1. A bendable optical fibre cable comprising:
one or more ribbon stacks, wherein each of the one or more ribbon stacks comprises a plurality of optical fibers; and an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath is made up of a composite material having a low flexural modulus, wherein the composite material has a base compound. 2. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, the outer sheath of the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by flexural modulus in range of about 50 megapascals to 500 megapascals. 3. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises polyethylene. 4. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises a plurality of polymers, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath facilitates reduction in flexural modulus of the outer sheath, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises at least one of low smoke zero halogen and thermoplastic polyurethane. 5. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable comprises a plurality of strength members, wherein each member of the plurality of strength members is characterized by diameter in range of about 0.9 millimeter to 1.4 millimeter for enabling high bending performance. 6. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by bend radius of about 7.5 D. 7. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ribbon stacks is one of a conventional ribbon, a rollable ribbon and an intermittent bonded ribbon, wherein the plurality of optical fibers of each of the one or more ribbon stacks is loose optical fibers. 8. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an inner layer, wherein the inner layer is characterized by thickness of about 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter. 9. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein thickness of the outer sheath is in range of about 1.4 millimeter to 3 millimeter. 10. A bendable optical fibre cable comprising:
one or more ribbon stacks, wherein each of the one or more ribbon stacks comprises a plurality of optical fibers; and an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath is made up of a composite material has a flexural modulus in range of about 50 megapascals to 500 megapascals, wherein the composite material has a base compound. 11. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises polyethylene. 12. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises a plurality of polymers, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath facilitates reduction in flexural modulus of the outer sheath, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises at least one of low smoke zero halogen and thermoplastic polyurethane. 13. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable comprises a plurality of strength members, wherein each member of the plurality of strength members is characterized by diameter in range of about 0.9 millimeter to 1.4 millimeter for enabling high bending performance. 14. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by bend radius of about 7.5 D. 15. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, further comprising an inner layer, wherein the inner layer is characterized by thickness of about 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter. 16. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein thickness of the outer sheath is in range of about 1.4 millimeter to 3 millimeter. 17. A bendable optical fibre cable comprising:
one or more ribbon stacks, wherein each of the one or more ribbon stacks comprises a plurality of optical fibers; and an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath is made up of a composite material has a low flexural modulus, wherein the composite material has a base compound, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises polyethylene. 18. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 17, wherein the low flexural modulus in range of about 50 megapascals to 500 megapascals. 19. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 17, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises a plurality of polymers, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath facilitates reduction in flexural modulus of the outer sheath, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises at least one of low smoke zero halogen and thermoplastic polyurethane. 20. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 17, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by bend radius of about 7.5 D. | The present disclosure provides a bendable optical fibre cable with high bending performance. The bendable optical fibre cable of the present disclosure includes plurality of buffer tubes, one or more ribbon stacks, the inner layer, the outer sheath, plurality of strength members, one or more water, swellable yarns and plurality of ripcords. The one or more ribbon stacks includes the plurality of optical fibers. In addition, the outer sheath is made up of a composite material characterized with low flexural modulus. The composite material has a base compound. The base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath includes polyethylene.1. A bendable optical fibre cable comprising:
one or more ribbon stacks, wherein each of the one or more ribbon stacks comprises a plurality of optical fibers; and an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath is made up of a composite material having a low flexural modulus, wherein the composite material has a base compound. 2. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, the outer sheath of the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by flexural modulus in range of about 50 megapascals to 500 megapascals. 3. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises polyethylene. 4. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises a plurality of polymers, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath facilitates reduction in flexural modulus of the outer sheath, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises at least one of low smoke zero halogen and thermoplastic polyurethane. 5. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable comprises a plurality of strength members, wherein each member of the plurality of strength members is characterized by diameter in range of about 0.9 millimeter to 1.4 millimeter for enabling high bending performance. 6. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by bend radius of about 7.5 D. 7. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ribbon stacks is one of a conventional ribbon, a rollable ribbon and an intermittent bonded ribbon, wherein the plurality of optical fibers of each of the one or more ribbon stacks is loose optical fibers. 8. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an inner layer, wherein the inner layer is characterized by thickness of about 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter. 9. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein thickness of the outer sheath is in range of about 1.4 millimeter to 3 millimeter. 10. A bendable optical fibre cable comprising:
one or more ribbon stacks, wherein each of the one or more ribbon stacks comprises a plurality of optical fibers; and an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath is made up of a composite material has a flexural modulus in range of about 50 megapascals to 500 megapascals, wherein the composite material has a base compound. 11. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises polyethylene. 12. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises a plurality of polymers, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath facilitates reduction in flexural modulus of the outer sheath, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises at least one of low smoke zero halogen and thermoplastic polyurethane. 13. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable comprises a plurality of strength members, wherein each member of the plurality of strength members is characterized by diameter in range of about 0.9 millimeter to 1.4 millimeter for enabling high bending performance. 14. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by bend radius of about 7.5 D. 15. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, further comprising an inner layer, wherein the inner layer is characterized by thickness of about 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter. 16. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 10, wherein thickness of the outer sheath is in range of about 1.4 millimeter to 3 millimeter. 17. A bendable optical fibre cable comprising:
one or more ribbon stacks, wherein each of the one or more ribbon stacks comprises a plurality of optical fibers; and an outer sheath, wherein the outer sheath is made up of a composite material has a low flexural modulus, wherein the composite material has a base compound, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises polyethylene. 18. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 17, wherein the low flexural modulus in range of about 50 megapascals to 500 megapascals. 19. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 17, wherein the base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises a plurality of polymers, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath facilitates reduction in flexural modulus of the outer sheath, wherein the plurality of polymers in base compound of the composite material of the outer sheath comprises at least one of low smoke zero halogen and thermoplastic polyurethane. 20. The bendable optical fibre cable as claimed in claim 17, wherein the bendable optical fibre cable is characterized by bend radius of about 7.5 D. | 2,800 |
343,688 | 16,803,068 | 2,874 | A surgical stapler including an anvil, a staple cartridge, and a buttress material removably retained to the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In various embodiments, the staple cartridge can include at least one staple removably stored therein which can, when deployed, or fired, therefrom, contact the buttress material and remove the buttress material from the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In at least one embodiment, the anvil can include at least one lip and/or groove configured to removably retain the buttress material to the anvil until deformable members extending from the surgical staple are bent by the anvil and are directed toward and contact the buttress material. | 1. A surgical stapler, comprising:
an anvil including a first lip; and a buttress material, wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said first lip. 2. The surgical stapler of claim 1, further comprising a staple cartridge and a surgical staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said surgical staple includes a deformable member. 3. The surgical stapler of claim 2, wherein said anvil further comprises at least one pocket, wherein said anvil pocket is configured to deform said deformable member, and wherein said buttress material is located between said staple cartridge and said anvil pocket. 4. The surgical stapler of claim 2, wherein said deformable member is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member is configured to engage said buttress member in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 5. The surgical stapler of claim 4, wherein said deformable member is configured to release said buttress material from said anvil when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 6. The surgical stapler of claim 4, wherein said buttress material includes an aperture configured to receive said deformable member and allow said deformable member to extend therethrough in said first direction without piercing said buttress material. 7. The surgical stapler of claim 4, wherein said deformable member is configured to pierce said buttress material when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 8. The surgical stapler of claim 4, further comprising a second staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said second staple includes a deformable member, wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to engage said buttress member in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 9. The surgical stapler of claim 1, wherein said anvil further comprises a second lip, and wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said second lip. 10. The surgical stapler of claim 1, wherein at least of portion of said buttress material is comprised of a bioabsorbable material. 11. A surgical stapler, comprising:
an anvil including a first groove; and a buttress material, wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said first groove. 12. The surgical stapler of claim 11, further comprising a staple cartridge and a surgical staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said surgical staple includes a deformable member. 13. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein said anvil further comprises at least one pocket, wherein said anvil pocket is configured to deform said deformable member, and wherein said buttress material is located between said staple cartridge and said anvil pocket. 14. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein said deformable is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member is configured to engage said buttress material in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 15. The surgical stapler of claim 14, wherein said deformable member is configured to release said buttress material from said anvil when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 16. The surgical stapler of claim 14, wherein said buttress material includes an aperture configured to receive said deformable member and allow said deformable member to extend therethrough in said first direction without piercing said buttress material. 17. The surgical stapler of claim 14, wherein said deformable member is configured to pierce said buttress material when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 18. The surgical stapler of claim 14, further including a second staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said second staple includes a deformable member, wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to engage said buttress member in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 19. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein said anvil further comprises a second groove, and wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said second groove. 20. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein at least of portion of said buttress material is comprised of a bioabsorbable material. 21-24. (canceled) | A surgical stapler including an anvil, a staple cartridge, and a buttress material removably retained to the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In various embodiments, the staple cartridge can include at least one staple removably stored therein which can, when deployed, or fired, therefrom, contact the buttress material and remove the buttress material from the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In at least one embodiment, the anvil can include at least one lip and/or groove configured to removably retain the buttress material to the anvil until deformable members extending from the surgical staple are bent by the anvil and are directed toward and contact the buttress material.1. A surgical stapler, comprising:
an anvil including a first lip; and a buttress material, wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said first lip. 2. The surgical stapler of claim 1, further comprising a staple cartridge and a surgical staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said surgical staple includes a deformable member. 3. The surgical stapler of claim 2, wherein said anvil further comprises at least one pocket, wherein said anvil pocket is configured to deform said deformable member, and wherein said buttress material is located between said staple cartridge and said anvil pocket. 4. The surgical stapler of claim 2, wherein said deformable member is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member is configured to engage said buttress member in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 5. The surgical stapler of claim 4, wherein said deformable member is configured to release said buttress material from said anvil when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 6. The surgical stapler of claim 4, wherein said buttress material includes an aperture configured to receive said deformable member and allow said deformable member to extend therethrough in said first direction without piercing said buttress material. 7. The surgical stapler of claim 4, wherein said deformable member is configured to pierce said buttress material when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 8. The surgical stapler of claim 4, further comprising a second staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said second staple includes a deformable member, wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to engage said buttress member in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 9. The surgical stapler of claim 1, wherein said anvil further comprises a second lip, and wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said second lip. 10. The surgical stapler of claim 1, wherein at least of portion of said buttress material is comprised of a bioabsorbable material. 11. A surgical stapler, comprising:
an anvil including a first groove; and a buttress material, wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said first groove. 12. The surgical stapler of claim 11, further comprising a staple cartridge and a surgical staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said surgical staple includes a deformable member. 13. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein said anvil further comprises at least one pocket, wherein said anvil pocket is configured to deform said deformable member, and wherein said buttress material is located between said staple cartridge and said anvil pocket. 14. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein said deformable is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member is configured to engage said buttress material in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 15. The surgical stapler of claim 14, wherein said deformable member is configured to release said buttress material from said anvil when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 16. The surgical stapler of claim 14, wherein said buttress material includes an aperture configured to receive said deformable member and allow said deformable member to extend therethrough in said first direction without piercing said buttress material. 17. The surgical stapler of claim 14, wherein said deformable member is configured to pierce said buttress material when said deformable member engages said buttress material in said second direction. 18. The surgical stapler of claim 14, further including a second staple removably stored within said staple cartridge, wherein said second staple includes a deformable member, wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to extend through said buttress material in a first direction, and wherein said deformable member of said second staple is configured to engage said buttress member in a second direction after being deformed by said anvil. 19. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein said anvil further comprises a second groove, and wherein said buttress material is releasably retained to said anvil by said second groove. 20. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein at least of portion of said buttress material is comprised of a bioabsorbable material. 21-24. (canceled) | 2,800 |
343,689 | 16,803,130 | 2,874 | A semiconductor device includes first semiconductor patterns vertically stacked on a substrate and vertically spaced apart from each other, and a first gate electrode on the first semiconductor patterns. The first gate electrode comprises a first work function metal pattern on a top surface, a bottom surface, and sidewalls of respective ones of the first semiconductor patterns, a barrier pattern on the first work function metal pattern, and a first electrode pattern on the barrier pattern. The first gate electrode has a first part between adjacent ones of the first semiconductor patterns. The barrier pattern comprises a silicon-containing metal nitride layer. The barrier pattern and the first electrode pattern are spaced apart from the first part. | 1. A method of manufacturing semiconductor device, comprising:
stacking sacrificial layers and semiconductor layers on a substrate alternately; patterning the sacrificial layers and the semiconductor layers to form an active pattern; forming a first sacrificial gate pattern on the active pattern; forming a pair of source/drain patterns on opposite sides of the first sacrificial gate pattern, respectively, the semiconductor layers being interposed between the pair of source/drain patterns to connect them; removing the first sacrificial gate pattern to form a first space and to expose the sacrificial layers; removing the exposed sacrificial layers to form second spaces, respectively; forming a first metal nitride layer in the first and second spaces; forming a second metal nitride layer containing silicon on the first metal nitride layer in the first space; and forming a first metal layer on the second metal nitride layer in the first space. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the second spaces. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second metal nitride layer and the first metal layer do not fill the second spaces. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer ranges from about 20 at % to about 50 at %. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second sacrificial gate pattern on the active pattern; removing the second sacrificial gate pattern to form a third space and to expose the sacrificial layers; removing the exposed sacrificial layers to form fourth spaces, respectively; forming a third metal nitride layer containing silicon in the third and fourth spaces; and forming a second metal layer on the third metal nitride layer in the third space. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the third metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer include the same metal as each other. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the third metal nitride layer has a silicon concentration that varies based on a distance from the substrate. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer is greater than that of the third metal nitride layer. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second sacrificial gate pattern on the active pattern; removing the second sacrificial gate pattern to form a third space and to expose the sacrificial layers; removing the exposed sacrificial layers to form fourth spaces, respectively; sequentially forming a third metal nitride layer and a fourth metal nitride layer in the third and fourth spaces; and forming a second metal layer on the fourth metal nitride layer in the third space, wherein the fourth metal nitride layer contains silicon, and wherein the third and fourth metal nitride layers are formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 11. A method of manufacturing semiconductor device, comprising:
stacking sacrificial layers and semiconductor layers on a substrate alternately; patterning the sacrificial layers and the semiconductor layers to form a first active pattern and a second active pattern; forming a first sacrificial gate pattern and a second sacrificial gate pattern on the first and second active patterns, respectively; removing the first and second sacrificial gate patterns to form a first space and a second space, respectively; sequentially forming, in the first space, a first metal nitride layer, a second metal nitride layer containing silicon, and a first metal layer; and sequentially forming, in the second space, a third metal nitride layer containing silicon, and a second metal layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer is greater than that of the third metal nitride layer. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second metal layers comprise aluminum, tungsten, titanium, and/or tantalum. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial layers of the first active pattern to form third spaces, respectively; and removing the sacrificial layers of the second active pattern to form fourth spaces, respectively, wherein the first metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the third spaces, and wherein the third metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second metal nitride layer does not fill the third spaces. 16. A method of manufacturing semiconductor device, comprising:
stacking sacrificial layers and semiconductor layers on a substrate alternately; patterning the sacrificial layers and the semiconductor layers to form a first active pattern and a second active pattern; forming a first sacrificial gate pattern and a second sacrificial gate pattern on the first and second active patterns, respectively; removing the first and second sacrificial gate patterns to form a first space and a second space, respectively; sequentially forming, in the first space, a first metal nitride layer, and a second metal nitride layer containing silicon; and forming a third metal nitride layer containing silicon in the second space, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer is greater than that of the third metal nitride layer. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial layers of the first active pattern to form third spaces, respectively; and removing the sacrificial layers of the second active pattern to form fourth spaces, respectively, wherein the first metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the third spaces, and wherein the third metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second metal nitride layer does not fill the third spaces. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer ranges from about 20 at % to about 50 at %. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming a metal layer on the second metal nitride layer and the third metal nitride layer. | A semiconductor device includes first semiconductor patterns vertically stacked on a substrate and vertically spaced apart from each other, and a first gate electrode on the first semiconductor patterns. The first gate electrode comprises a first work function metal pattern on a top surface, a bottom surface, and sidewalls of respective ones of the first semiconductor patterns, a barrier pattern on the first work function metal pattern, and a first electrode pattern on the barrier pattern. The first gate electrode has a first part between adjacent ones of the first semiconductor patterns. The barrier pattern comprises a silicon-containing metal nitride layer. The barrier pattern and the first electrode pattern are spaced apart from the first part.1. A method of manufacturing semiconductor device, comprising:
stacking sacrificial layers and semiconductor layers on a substrate alternately; patterning the sacrificial layers and the semiconductor layers to form an active pattern; forming a first sacrificial gate pattern on the active pattern; forming a pair of source/drain patterns on opposite sides of the first sacrificial gate pattern, respectively, the semiconductor layers being interposed between the pair of source/drain patterns to connect them; removing the first sacrificial gate pattern to form a first space and to expose the sacrificial layers; removing the exposed sacrificial layers to form second spaces, respectively; forming a first metal nitride layer in the first and second spaces; forming a second metal nitride layer containing silicon on the first metal nitride layer in the first space; and forming a first metal layer on the second metal nitride layer in the first space. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the second spaces. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second metal nitride layer and the first metal layer do not fill the second spaces. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer ranges from about 20 at % to about 50 at %. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second sacrificial gate pattern on the active pattern; removing the second sacrificial gate pattern to form a third space and to expose the sacrificial layers; removing the exposed sacrificial layers to form fourth spaces, respectively; forming a third metal nitride layer containing silicon in the third and fourth spaces; and forming a second metal layer on the third metal nitride layer in the third space. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the third metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer include the same metal as each other. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the third metal nitride layer has a silicon concentration that varies based on a distance from the substrate. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer is greater than that of the third metal nitride layer. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second sacrificial gate pattern on the active pattern; removing the second sacrificial gate pattern to form a third space and to expose the sacrificial layers; removing the exposed sacrificial layers to form fourth spaces, respectively; sequentially forming a third metal nitride layer and a fourth metal nitride layer in the third and fourth spaces; and forming a second metal layer on the fourth metal nitride layer in the third space, wherein the fourth metal nitride layer contains silicon, and wherein the third and fourth metal nitride layers are formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 11. A method of manufacturing semiconductor device, comprising:
stacking sacrificial layers and semiconductor layers on a substrate alternately; patterning the sacrificial layers and the semiconductor layers to form a first active pattern and a second active pattern; forming a first sacrificial gate pattern and a second sacrificial gate pattern on the first and second active patterns, respectively; removing the first and second sacrificial gate patterns to form a first space and a second space, respectively; sequentially forming, in the first space, a first metal nitride layer, a second metal nitride layer containing silicon, and a first metal layer; and sequentially forming, in the second space, a third metal nitride layer containing silicon, and a second metal layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer is greater than that of the third metal nitride layer. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second metal layers comprise aluminum, tungsten, titanium, and/or tantalum. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial layers of the first active pattern to form third spaces, respectively; and removing the sacrificial layers of the second active pattern to form fourth spaces, respectively, wherein the first metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the third spaces, and wherein the third metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second metal nitride layer does not fill the third spaces. 16. A method of manufacturing semiconductor device, comprising:
stacking sacrificial layers and semiconductor layers on a substrate alternately; patterning the sacrificial layers and the semiconductor layers to form a first active pattern and a second active pattern; forming a first sacrificial gate pattern and a second sacrificial gate pattern on the first and second active patterns, respectively; removing the first and second sacrificial gate patterns to form a first space and a second space, respectively; sequentially forming, in the first space, a first metal nitride layer, and a second metal nitride layer containing silicon; and forming a third metal nitride layer containing silicon in the second space, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer is greater than that of the third metal nitride layer. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial layers of the first active pattern to form third spaces, respectively; and removing the sacrificial layers of the second active pattern to form fourth spaces, respectively, wherein the first metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the third spaces, and wherein the third metal nitride layer is formed to completely fill the fourth spaces. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second metal nitride layer does not fill the third spaces. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein a silicon concentration of the second metal nitride layer ranges from about 20 at % to about 50 at %. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming a metal layer on the second metal nitride layer and the third metal nitride layer. | 2,800 |
343,690 | 16,803,146 | 1,744 | According to one embodiment, a defect repairing method includes acquiring defect location information for a pattern on a first substrate. The defect location information provides a position at which the pattern on the first substrate does not match an intended pattern. A region on the first substrate is selected to include a defective pattern portion on the first substrate. The region is selected based on the acquired defect location information. The selected region is processed to remove the defective pattern portion of the pattern from the first substrate. The pattern remaining on the processed first substrate is transferred to a second substrate. A region on the second substrate corresponding to the selected region of the first substrate is then patterned to provide a pattern in the region corresponding to the intended pattern. | 1. A defect repairing method, comprising:
acquiring defect location information for a pattern on a first substrate, the defect location information providing a position at which the pattern on the first substrate does not match an intended pattern; selecting a region on the first substrate to include a defective pattern portion of the pattern on the first substrate, the region being selected based on the acquired defect location information; processing the selected region to remove the defective pattern portion of the pattern from the first substrate; transferring the pattern on the processed first substrate to a second substrate; and patterning a region on the second substrate corresponding to the selected region of the first substrate, the patterning of the region on the second substrate providing a pattern in the region corresponding to the intended pattern. 2. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the transferring includes performing imprint lithography on the second substrate using the first substrate as a template. 3. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein processing the selected region includes removal of a portion of the first substrate using a charged particle beam. 4. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein processing the selected region includes deposition of a material onto the first substrate and filling at least a portion of the defective pattern portion with the material, and the deposition is performed using a charged particle beam. 5. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein patterning of the region on the second substrate uses a charged particle beam processing for etching. 6. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein patterning of the region on the second substrate uses a charged particle beam processing for deposition. 7. An imprint template manufacturing method, comprising:
inspecting a pattern on a first substrate to provide defect location information for the pattern on the first substrate, the defect location information providing a position at which the pattern on the first substrate does not match an intended pattern; designating a defective region on the first substrate based on the defect location information, the defective region encompassing a defective pattern portion of the pattern on the first substrate; processing the designated defective region to remove the defective pattern portion of the pattern from the first substrate; transferring the pattern on a second substrate using the processed first substrate; and patterning a region on the second substrate corresponding to the designated defective region of the first substrate, the patterning of the region on the second substrate providing a pattern in the region corresponding to the intended pattern. 8. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the transferring of the pattern includes performing imprint lithography on the second substrate using the first substrate as a template. 9. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein processing the designated defective region includes removal of a portion of the first substrate using a charged particle beam. 10. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein processing the designated defective region includes deposition of a material onto the first substrate and filling at least a portion of the defective pattern portion with the material, and the deposition is performed using a charged particle beam. 11. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein patterning of the region of the second substrate uses a charged particle beam for deposition. 12. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein patterning of the region on the second substrate uses a charged particle beam for etching. 13. A method for transferring an intended pattern on a first template to a second template, comprising:
performing a defect inspection on a first template having a pattern of convex and concave portions on a surface thereof to locate a region on the surface at which the pattern does not match an intended pattern; processing the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region located in the defect inspection, the region being substantially unpatterned after the processing; patterning a second template using the processed first template to form an unrepaired pattern on the second template; and repairing the unrepaired pattern on the second template by patterning a region on second substrate corresponding to the region located in the defect inspection on the first template. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein processing the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region located in the defect inspection comprises removing pattern portions protruding from the surface of the first template. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein processing the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region located in the defect inspection comprises filling pattern portions recessed into the surface of the first template with a material deposited onto the first template. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein patterning the second template using the processed first template comprises performing imprint lithography on the second template with the processed first template. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein patterning the second template further comprises etching into the second template. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first template is a master template for imprint lithography processes. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the second template is a replica template for imprint lithography processes. 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein an upper surface of the region located in the defect inspection is recessed from the surface of the first template after the processing of the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region. | According to one embodiment, a defect repairing method includes acquiring defect location information for a pattern on a first substrate. The defect location information provides a position at which the pattern on the first substrate does not match an intended pattern. A region on the first substrate is selected to include a defective pattern portion on the first substrate. The region is selected based on the acquired defect location information. The selected region is processed to remove the defective pattern portion of the pattern from the first substrate. The pattern remaining on the processed first substrate is transferred to a second substrate. A region on the second substrate corresponding to the selected region of the first substrate is then patterned to provide a pattern in the region corresponding to the intended pattern.1. A defect repairing method, comprising:
acquiring defect location information for a pattern on a first substrate, the defect location information providing a position at which the pattern on the first substrate does not match an intended pattern; selecting a region on the first substrate to include a defective pattern portion of the pattern on the first substrate, the region being selected based on the acquired defect location information; processing the selected region to remove the defective pattern portion of the pattern from the first substrate; transferring the pattern on the processed first substrate to a second substrate; and patterning a region on the second substrate corresponding to the selected region of the first substrate, the patterning of the region on the second substrate providing a pattern in the region corresponding to the intended pattern. 2. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the transferring includes performing imprint lithography on the second substrate using the first substrate as a template. 3. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein processing the selected region includes removal of a portion of the first substrate using a charged particle beam. 4. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein processing the selected region includes deposition of a material onto the first substrate and filling at least a portion of the defective pattern portion with the material, and the deposition is performed using a charged particle beam. 5. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein patterning of the region on the second substrate uses a charged particle beam processing for etching. 6. The defect repairing method according to claim 1, wherein patterning of the region on the second substrate uses a charged particle beam processing for deposition. 7. An imprint template manufacturing method, comprising:
inspecting a pattern on a first substrate to provide defect location information for the pattern on the first substrate, the defect location information providing a position at which the pattern on the first substrate does not match an intended pattern; designating a defective region on the first substrate based on the defect location information, the defective region encompassing a defective pattern portion of the pattern on the first substrate; processing the designated defective region to remove the defective pattern portion of the pattern from the first substrate; transferring the pattern on a second substrate using the processed first substrate; and patterning a region on the second substrate corresponding to the designated defective region of the first substrate, the patterning of the region on the second substrate providing a pattern in the region corresponding to the intended pattern. 8. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the transferring of the pattern includes performing imprint lithography on the second substrate using the first substrate as a template. 9. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein processing the designated defective region includes removal of a portion of the first substrate using a charged particle beam. 10. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein processing the designated defective region includes deposition of a material onto the first substrate and filling at least a portion of the defective pattern portion with the material, and the deposition is performed using a charged particle beam. 11. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein patterning of the region of the second substrate uses a charged particle beam for deposition. 12. The imprint template manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein patterning of the region on the second substrate uses a charged particle beam for etching. 13. A method for transferring an intended pattern on a first template to a second template, comprising:
performing a defect inspection on a first template having a pattern of convex and concave portions on a surface thereof to locate a region on the surface at which the pattern does not match an intended pattern; processing the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region located in the defect inspection, the region being substantially unpatterned after the processing; patterning a second template using the processed first template to form an unrepaired pattern on the second template; and repairing the unrepaired pattern on the second template by patterning a region on second substrate corresponding to the region located in the defect inspection on the first template. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein processing the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region located in the defect inspection comprises removing pattern portions protruding from the surface of the first template. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein processing the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region located in the defect inspection comprises filling pattern portions recessed into the surface of the first template with a material deposited onto the first template. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein patterning the second template using the processed first template comprises performing imprint lithography on the second template with the processed first template. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein patterning the second template further comprises etching into the second template. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first template is a master template for imprint lithography processes. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the second template is a replica template for imprint lithography processes. 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein an upper surface of the region located in the defect inspection is recessed from the surface of the first template after the processing of the first template to remove all pattern portions from the region. | 1,700 |
343,691 | 16,803,154 | 1,744 | Transportation systems have artificial intelligence including neural networks for recognition and classification of objects and behavior including natural language processing and computer vision systems. The transportation systems involve sets of complex chemical processes, mechanical systems, and interactions with behaviors of operators. System-level interactions and behaviors are classified, predicted and optimized using neural networks and other artificial intelligence systems through selective deployment, as well as hybrids and combinations of the artificial intelligence systems, neural networks, expert systems, cognitive systems, genetic algorithms and deep learning. | 1. A system for transportation, comprising:
a cognitive system for routing at least one vehicle within a set of vehicles based on a set of routing parameters determined by facilitating coordination among a designated set of vehicles, wherein the coordination is accomplished by taking at least one input from at least one game-based interface for a user of a vehicle in the designated set of vehicles. 2. The system for transportation of claim 1 further comprising:
a vehicle routing system to route the at least one vehicle based on the set of routing parameters; and
the game-based interface through which the user indicates a routing preference for at least one vehicle within the set of vehicles to undertake a game activity offered in the game-based interface;
wherein the game-based interface is to induce the user to undertake a set of favorable routing choices based on the set of routing parameters. 3. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the vehicle routing system accounts for the routing preference of the user when routing the at least one vehicle within the set of vehicles. 4. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game-based interface is disposed for in-vehicle use. 5. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the user is a rider of the at least one vehicle. 6. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the user is an administrator for a set of roadways to be used by the at least one vehicle in the set of vehicles. 7. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the user is an administrator for a fleet of vehicles including the set of vehicles. 8. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of routing parameters includes at least one of traffic congestion, desired arrival times, preferred routes, fuel efficiency, pollution reduction, accident avoidance, avoiding bad weather, avoiding bad road conditions, reduced fuel consumption, reduced carbon footprint, reduced noise in a region, avoiding high-crime regions, collective satisfaction, maximum speed limit, avoidance of toll roads, avoidance of city roads, avoidance of undivided highways, avoidance of left turns, avoidance of driver-operated vehicles. 9. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes contests. 10. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes entertainment games. 11. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes competitive games. 12. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes strategy games. 13. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes scavenger hunts. 14. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a fuel efficiency objective. 15. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced traffic objective. 16. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced pollution objective. 17. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced carbon footprint objective. 18. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced noise in neighborhoods objective. 19. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a collective satisfaction objective. 20. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoiding accident scenes objective. 21. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoiding high-crime areas objective. 22. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced traffic congestion objective. 23. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a bad weather avoidance objective. 24. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a maximum travel time objective. 25. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a maximum speed limit objective. 26. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of toll roads objective. 27. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of city roads objective. 28. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of undivided highways objective. 29. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of left turns objective. 30. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of driver-operated vehicles objective. | Transportation systems have artificial intelligence including neural networks for recognition and classification of objects and behavior including natural language processing and computer vision systems. The transportation systems involve sets of complex chemical processes, mechanical systems, and interactions with behaviors of operators. System-level interactions and behaviors are classified, predicted and optimized using neural networks and other artificial intelligence systems through selective deployment, as well as hybrids and combinations of the artificial intelligence systems, neural networks, expert systems, cognitive systems, genetic algorithms and deep learning.1. A system for transportation, comprising:
a cognitive system for routing at least one vehicle within a set of vehicles based on a set of routing parameters determined by facilitating coordination among a designated set of vehicles, wherein the coordination is accomplished by taking at least one input from at least one game-based interface for a user of a vehicle in the designated set of vehicles. 2. The system for transportation of claim 1 further comprising:
a vehicle routing system to route the at least one vehicle based on the set of routing parameters; and
the game-based interface through which the user indicates a routing preference for at least one vehicle within the set of vehicles to undertake a game activity offered in the game-based interface;
wherein the game-based interface is to induce the user to undertake a set of favorable routing choices based on the set of routing parameters. 3. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the vehicle routing system accounts for the routing preference of the user when routing the at least one vehicle within the set of vehicles. 4. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game-based interface is disposed for in-vehicle use. 5. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the user is a rider of the at least one vehicle. 6. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the user is an administrator for a set of roadways to be used by the at least one vehicle in the set of vehicles. 7. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the user is an administrator for a fleet of vehicles including the set of vehicles. 8. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of routing parameters includes at least one of traffic congestion, desired arrival times, preferred routes, fuel efficiency, pollution reduction, accident avoidance, avoiding bad weather, avoiding bad road conditions, reduced fuel consumption, reduced carbon footprint, reduced noise in a region, avoiding high-crime regions, collective satisfaction, maximum speed limit, avoidance of toll roads, avoidance of city roads, avoidance of undivided highways, avoidance of left turns, avoidance of driver-operated vehicles. 9. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes contests. 10. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes entertainment games. 11. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes competitive games. 12. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes strategy games. 13. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the game activity offered in the game-based interface includes scavenger hunts. 14. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a fuel efficiency objective. 15. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced traffic objective. 16. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced pollution objective. 17. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced carbon footprint objective. 18. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced noise in neighborhoods objective. 19. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a collective satisfaction objective. 20. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoiding accident scenes objective. 21. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoiding high-crime areas objective. 22. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a reduced traffic congestion objective. 23. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a bad weather avoidance objective. 24. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a maximum travel time objective. 25. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves a maximum speed limit objective. 26. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of toll roads objective. 27. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of city roads objective. 28. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of undivided highways objective. 29. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of left turns objective. 30. The system for transportation of claim 2 wherein the set of favorable routing choices is configured so that the vehicle routing system achieves an avoidance of driver-operated vehicles objective. | 1,700 |
343,692 | 16,803,148 | 1,744 | Polypectomy devices and methods for making and using polypectomy devices are disclosed. An example polypectomy device may include an elongate sheath having a proximal end region and a distal end region. A shaft may be slidably disposed within the sheath. A handle may be coupled to the proximal end region of the sheath. The handle may be designed to axially shift the shaft relative to the sheath. A snare may be coupled to the shaft. The snare may include a first region, a traction region, and a distal tip region. The first region may have a non-circular cross-sectional shape. The traction region may include a plurality of traction members. At a position between two adjacent traction members the snare may have a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first region. The distal tip region may have a circular cross-sectional shape. | 1. A polypectomy device, comprising:
an elongate sheath having a proximal end region and a distal end region; a shaft slidably disposed within the sheath; a handle coupled to the proximal end region of the sheath; a snare coupled to the shaft, the snare including a first region having a first cross-sectional shape, a traction region including a plurality of traction members, and a distal tip region; wherein at a position between two adjacent traction members the snare has a second cross-sectional shape that is geometrically similar to the first cross-sectional shape and has a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first region; and wherein the distal tip region has a circular cross-sectional shape. 2. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the snare is formed from a monofilament wire. 3. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the first cross-sectional shape is a non-circular shape. 4. The polypectomy device of claim 3, wherein the snare has a first leg and a second leg, and wherein the first cross-sectional shape of the first region is non-circular along both the first leg and the second leg. 5. The polypectomy device of claim 3, wherein along the first region the first leg and the second leg are designed to be arranged so that planar sides of the first leg and the second leg are positioned adjacent to one another. 6. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the first cross-sectional shape of the first region is formed by machining a wire having a round cross-sectional shape. 7. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein at least some of the traction members have a first side having a rounded outer profile and a second side having a planar outer profile. 8. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein all of the plurality of traction members have geometrically congruent cross-sectional shapes. 9. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of traction members have geometrically similar cross-sectional shapes. 10. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traction members are formed by a plurality of annular grooves formed along the snare. 11. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traction members are formed by a helical groove formed along the snare. 12. The polypectomy device of claim 11, wherein the helical groove varies in depth, pitch, or both along the length of the snare. 13. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traction members are formed by a helical member disposed along the snare. 14. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the snare is formed from a tubular wire and wherein the plurality of traction members are defined by a plurality of apertures formed through a side wall of the tubular wire. 15. A polypectomy device, comprising:
an elongate sheath; a shaft slidably disposed within the sheath; a monofilament snare wire coupled to the shaft, the snare wire having a first end region, a first loop region, a first traction region, a first distal region, a nipple region, a second distal region, a second traction region, a second loop region, and a second end region; wherein the first traction region includes a plurality of traction members; wherein the first distal region has a first reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first end region; and wherein the first distal region has a first section having a non-circular cross-sectional shape, a second section having a circular cross-sectional shape, and a junction where the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the first section transitions to the circular cross-sectional shape of the second section. 16. The polypectomy device of claim 15, wherein the first end region, the second end region, or both have a non-circular cross-sectional shape. 17. The polypectomy device of claim 15, wherein at least some of the traction members have a first side with a rounded outer profile and a second side with a planar outer profile. 18. A method for manufacturing a polypectomy device, the method comprising:
machining a monofilament wire to form a snare wire, the snare wire having a first end region, a first loop region, a first traction region, a first distal region, a nipple region, a second distal region, a second traction region, a second loop region, and a second end region; wherein the first distal region has a first section having a non-circular cross-sectional shape and a second section having a circular cross-sectional shape; forming a junction along the first section where the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the first section transitions to the circular cross-sectional shape of the second section; attaching the first end region and the second end region to an elongate shaft; and disposing the elongate shaft within a sheath. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first end region, the second end region, or both have a non-circular cross-sectional shape. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first traction region includes a traction member having a first side with a rounded outer profile and a second side with a planar outer profile. | Polypectomy devices and methods for making and using polypectomy devices are disclosed. An example polypectomy device may include an elongate sheath having a proximal end region and a distal end region. A shaft may be slidably disposed within the sheath. A handle may be coupled to the proximal end region of the sheath. The handle may be designed to axially shift the shaft relative to the sheath. A snare may be coupled to the shaft. The snare may include a first region, a traction region, and a distal tip region. The first region may have a non-circular cross-sectional shape. The traction region may include a plurality of traction members. At a position between two adjacent traction members the snare may have a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first region. The distal tip region may have a circular cross-sectional shape.1. A polypectomy device, comprising:
an elongate sheath having a proximal end region and a distal end region; a shaft slidably disposed within the sheath; a handle coupled to the proximal end region of the sheath; a snare coupled to the shaft, the snare including a first region having a first cross-sectional shape, a traction region including a plurality of traction members, and a distal tip region; wherein at a position between two adjacent traction members the snare has a second cross-sectional shape that is geometrically similar to the first cross-sectional shape and has a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first region; and wherein the distal tip region has a circular cross-sectional shape. 2. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the snare is formed from a monofilament wire. 3. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the first cross-sectional shape is a non-circular shape. 4. The polypectomy device of claim 3, wherein the snare has a first leg and a second leg, and wherein the first cross-sectional shape of the first region is non-circular along both the first leg and the second leg. 5. The polypectomy device of claim 3, wherein along the first region the first leg and the second leg are designed to be arranged so that planar sides of the first leg and the second leg are positioned adjacent to one another. 6. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the first cross-sectional shape of the first region is formed by machining a wire having a round cross-sectional shape. 7. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein at least some of the traction members have a first side having a rounded outer profile and a second side having a planar outer profile. 8. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein all of the plurality of traction members have geometrically congruent cross-sectional shapes. 9. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of traction members have geometrically similar cross-sectional shapes. 10. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traction members are formed by a plurality of annular grooves formed along the snare. 11. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traction members are formed by a helical groove formed along the snare. 12. The polypectomy device of claim 11, wherein the helical groove varies in depth, pitch, or both along the length of the snare. 13. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of traction members are formed by a helical member disposed along the snare. 14. The polypectomy device of claim 1, wherein the snare is formed from a tubular wire and wherein the plurality of traction members are defined by a plurality of apertures formed through a side wall of the tubular wire. 15. A polypectomy device, comprising:
an elongate sheath; a shaft slidably disposed within the sheath; a monofilament snare wire coupled to the shaft, the snare wire having a first end region, a first loop region, a first traction region, a first distal region, a nipple region, a second distal region, a second traction region, a second loop region, and a second end region; wherein the first traction region includes a plurality of traction members; wherein the first distal region has a first reduced cross-sectional area relative to the first end region; and wherein the first distal region has a first section having a non-circular cross-sectional shape, a second section having a circular cross-sectional shape, and a junction where the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the first section transitions to the circular cross-sectional shape of the second section. 16. The polypectomy device of claim 15, wherein the first end region, the second end region, or both have a non-circular cross-sectional shape. 17. The polypectomy device of claim 15, wherein at least some of the traction members have a first side with a rounded outer profile and a second side with a planar outer profile. 18. A method for manufacturing a polypectomy device, the method comprising:
machining a monofilament wire to form a snare wire, the snare wire having a first end region, a first loop region, a first traction region, a first distal region, a nipple region, a second distal region, a second traction region, a second loop region, and a second end region; wherein the first distal region has a first section having a non-circular cross-sectional shape and a second section having a circular cross-sectional shape; forming a junction along the first section where the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the first section transitions to the circular cross-sectional shape of the second section; attaching the first end region and the second end region to an elongate shaft; and disposing the elongate shaft within a sheath. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first end region, the second end region, or both have a non-circular cross-sectional shape. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first traction region includes a traction member having a first side with a rounded outer profile and a second side with a planar outer profile. | 1,700 |
343,693 | 16,803,121 | 1,744 | A pressure receiving surface inclined to a rotation axis is provided on the side surface of a stir probe of a rotating tool. The pressure receiving surface includes a pressure receiving region which is always perpendicular to a rotation tangential direction in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis. In friction stir processing, the stir probe is caused to rotate in a rotation direction B in which the normal direction of the pressure receiving surface is positive. According to this kind of rotating tool, as it has no shoulder, a joint width does not increase even when a stirring region is deep, and also, a plastic flow in a rotation direction is generated by a pressure receiving surface, so that it is possible to reduce the proportion of the plastic flow in the rotation axis direction, and thus possible to suppress an occurrence of burr. | 1. A rotating tool for friction stir welding, comprising:
a stir probe, wherein a pressure receiving surface inclined to a rotation axis of the stir probe is provided on a side surface of the stir probe, and the pressure receiving surface includes a pressure receiving region which is perpendicular to a rotation tangential direction in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis. 2. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the stir probe has on the side surface thereof a step formed by the pressure receiving surface, and thereby the outer diameter of the stir probe decreases toward a leading end portion. 3. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 2, wherein
the stir probe has a non-pressure receiving surface parallel to the rotation axis. 4. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the stir probe is of a tapered shape wherein the outer diameter decreases toward the leading end portion. 5. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 4, wherein
the stir probe has a non-pressure receiving surface non-parallel to the rotation axis. 6. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 5, wherein
the non-pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 45°≤θ<90° with the pressure receiving surface. 7. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 5, wherein
the area of the non-pressure receiving surface is larger than the area of the pressure receiving surface. 8. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 6, wherein
the area of the non-pressure receiving surface is larger than the area of the pressure receiving surface. 9. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the pressure receiving surface is spirally provided along the side surface of the stir probe. 10. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 2, wherein
the pressure receiving surface is spirally provided along the side surface of the stir probe. 11. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 4, wherein
the pressure receiving surface is spirally provided along the side surface of the stir probe. 12. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 0°<θ<90° with the rotation axis. 13. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 2, wherein
the pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 0°<θ<90° with the rotation axis. 14. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 4, wherein
the pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 0°<θ<90° with the rotation axis. 15. A method of friction stir welding which joins two or more metal members using a rotating tool including a stir probe, wherein
the stir probe has a pressure receiving region which is always perpendicular to a rotation tangential direction in a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis, and the pressure receiving region is continuously formed along a side surface of the stir probe, thereby forming a pressure receiving surface inclined to the rotation axis, and wherein the rotating tool is caused to rotate in a direction in which the normal direction of the pressure receiving surface is positive, thus friction stir processing a joint portion between the metal members. | A pressure receiving surface inclined to a rotation axis is provided on the side surface of a stir probe of a rotating tool. The pressure receiving surface includes a pressure receiving region which is always perpendicular to a rotation tangential direction in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis. In friction stir processing, the stir probe is caused to rotate in a rotation direction B in which the normal direction of the pressure receiving surface is positive. According to this kind of rotating tool, as it has no shoulder, a joint width does not increase even when a stirring region is deep, and also, a plastic flow in a rotation direction is generated by a pressure receiving surface, so that it is possible to reduce the proportion of the plastic flow in the rotation axis direction, and thus possible to suppress an occurrence of burr.1. A rotating tool for friction stir welding, comprising:
a stir probe, wherein a pressure receiving surface inclined to a rotation axis of the stir probe is provided on a side surface of the stir probe, and the pressure receiving surface includes a pressure receiving region which is perpendicular to a rotation tangential direction in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis. 2. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the stir probe has on the side surface thereof a step formed by the pressure receiving surface, and thereby the outer diameter of the stir probe decreases toward a leading end portion. 3. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 2, wherein
the stir probe has a non-pressure receiving surface parallel to the rotation axis. 4. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the stir probe is of a tapered shape wherein the outer diameter decreases toward the leading end portion. 5. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 4, wherein
the stir probe has a non-pressure receiving surface non-parallel to the rotation axis. 6. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 5, wherein
the non-pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 45°≤θ<90° with the pressure receiving surface. 7. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 5, wherein
the area of the non-pressure receiving surface is larger than the area of the pressure receiving surface. 8. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 6, wherein
the area of the non-pressure receiving surface is larger than the area of the pressure receiving surface. 9. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the pressure receiving surface is spirally provided along the side surface of the stir probe. 10. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 2, wherein
the pressure receiving surface is spirally provided along the side surface of the stir probe. 11. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 4, wherein
the pressure receiving surface is spirally provided along the side surface of the stir probe. 12. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1, wherein
the pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 0°<θ<90° with the rotation axis. 13. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 2, wherein
the pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 0°<θ<90° with the rotation axis. 14. The rotating tool for friction stir welding according to claim 4, wherein
the pressure receiving surface forms an angle of 0°<θ<90° with the rotation axis. 15. A method of friction stir welding which joins two or more metal members using a rotating tool including a stir probe, wherein
the stir probe has a pressure receiving region which is always perpendicular to a rotation tangential direction in a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis, and the pressure receiving region is continuously formed along a side surface of the stir probe, thereby forming a pressure receiving surface inclined to the rotation axis, and wherein the rotating tool is caused to rotate in a direction in which the normal direction of the pressure receiving surface is positive, thus friction stir processing a joint portion between the metal members. | 1,700 |
343,694 | 16,803,133 | 1,744 | A dish washer includes: a basket; a first supporting member coupled to the basket in such a way to be rotatable between a first position of being folded to the basket and a second position of being unfolded from the basket; a second supporting member positioned below the first supporting member and coupled to the basket in such a way to be rotatable between a third position of being folded to the basket and a fourth position of being unfolded from the basket; and a connecting member rotating the second supporting member from the third position to the fourth position when the first supporting member rotates from the first position to the second position, wherein one end of the connecting member is connected to the first supporting member and the other end of the connecting member is connected to the second supporting member. | 1. A dish washer comprising:
a main body; a basket provided inside the main body; a first supporting member coupled to the basket so as to be rotatable between a first position of being folded to the basket and a second position of being unfolded from the basket; a second supporting member positioned below the first supporting member and coupled to the basket so as to be rotatable between a third position of being folded to the basket and a fourth position of being unfolded from the basket; and a connecting member connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member so as to rotate the second supporting member from the third position to the fourth position when the first supporting member rotates from the first position to the second position. 2. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein, when the first supporting member rotates from the second position to the first position, the connecting member rotates the second supporting member from the fourth position to the third position. 3. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein, when the first supporting member is located at the second position and the second supporting member is located at the fourth position, an angle by which the first supporting member is unfolded is different from an angle by which the second supporting member is unfolded. 4. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises a rotation restricting portion supported by the basket and restricting a rotation range of the first supporting member when the first supporting member is at the second position. 5. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises a fixing portion that fixes to the basket when the first supporting member rotates to the first position. 6. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises a first holding portion to hold an item to be washed in the dish washer, the first holding portion comprising:
a fixing groove into which a part of the item is insertable to be fixed in the fixing groove and thereby held by the first holding portion, and a deformable portion positioned in an opening of the fixing groove and which deforms when the part of the item is inserted into the fixing groove. 7. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the second supporting member comprises a holding portion in the shape of a hook bent by a predetermined angle to support an item to be washed in the dishwasher. 8. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein, when the first supporting member is at the second position, the connecting member enables the second supporting member to rotate from the fourth position to the third position. 9. The dish washer of claim 8, wherein the connecting member comprises:
a first arm rotatably connected to the first supporting member, a second arm rotatably connected to the second supporting member, and a joint rotatably connecting the second arm to the first arm. 10. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the connecting member supports the first supporting member and the second supporting member so that the first supporting member interworks with the second supporting member. 11. The dish washer of claim 9, wherein the first supporting member further comprises a fixing member that fixes the connecting member when the second supporting member rotates to the third position. 12. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises:
a first frame rotatably coupled to the basket, and a supporting unit rotatably coupled to the first frame. 13. The dish washer of claim 12, wherein, when the first supporting member is at the second position, the supporting unit is rotatable to be in a position to support an item to be rested on the first frame. 14. The dish washer of claim 12, wherein the supporting unit comprises a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion spaced from the first supporting portion to form a supporting space. 15. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises:
a first frame rotatably coupled to the basket, and a plurality of supporting units rotatably coupled to the first frame and which are rotatable independently. 16. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein
the first supporting member is configured to, when in the second position, support a stem of a glass to be washed in the dish washer, and the second supporting member is configured to, when in the fourth position, support a lip of a cup of the glass while the stem is supported by the first supporting member. 17. A supporting device comprising:
a first supporting member rotatably coupled to a first wire of a basket of a dish washer; a second supporting member rotatably coupled to a second wire positioned below the first wire of the basket; and a connecting member connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member so that the first supporting member and the second supporting member are rotatable together, and, when the first supporting member is not rotating, the second supporting member is rotatable, wherein the first supporting member and the second supporting member are thereby rotatable to be in positions at which the first supporting member and the second supporting member are configured to support items to be washed in the dish washer. 18. The supporting device of claim 17, wherein the first supporting member and the second supporting member are rotatable to set
a first mode in which the first supporting member and the second supporting member are unfolded from the basket, a second mode in which the first supporting member and the second supporting member are folded to the basket, and a third mode in which the first supporting member is unfolded from the basket and the second supporting member folded to the basket. 19. A dish washer comprises:
a main body; a basket provided inside the main body; a first supporting member rotatably coupled to the basket; a second supporting member positioned below the first supporting member, and being rotatably coupled to the basket; and a connecting member connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member and configured so that
the first connecting member and the second connecting member are rotatable to positions at which both the first connecting member and the second connecting member are folded to the basket,
the first connecting member and the second connecting member are rotatable to positions at which both the first connecting member and the second connecting member are unfolded from the basket, and
the first connection member and the second connection member are rotatable to positions at which the second supporting member is folded to the basket while the first supporting member is unfolded from the basket. 20. The dish washer of claim 19, wherein each of the first connection member and the second connection member is configured to, when unfolded, support items to be washed in the dish washer. | A dish washer includes: a basket; a first supporting member coupled to the basket in such a way to be rotatable between a first position of being folded to the basket and a second position of being unfolded from the basket; a second supporting member positioned below the first supporting member and coupled to the basket in such a way to be rotatable between a third position of being folded to the basket and a fourth position of being unfolded from the basket; and a connecting member rotating the second supporting member from the third position to the fourth position when the first supporting member rotates from the first position to the second position, wherein one end of the connecting member is connected to the first supporting member and the other end of the connecting member is connected to the second supporting member.1. A dish washer comprising:
a main body; a basket provided inside the main body; a first supporting member coupled to the basket so as to be rotatable between a first position of being folded to the basket and a second position of being unfolded from the basket; a second supporting member positioned below the first supporting member and coupled to the basket so as to be rotatable between a third position of being folded to the basket and a fourth position of being unfolded from the basket; and a connecting member connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member so as to rotate the second supporting member from the third position to the fourth position when the first supporting member rotates from the first position to the second position. 2. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein, when the first supporting member rotates from the second position to the first position, the connecting member rotates the second supporting member from the fourth position to the third position. 3. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein, when the first supporting member is located at the second position and the second supporting member is located at the fourth position, an angle by which the first supporting member is unfolded is different from an angle by which the second supporting member is unfolded. 4. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises a rotation restricting portion supported by the basket and restricting a rotation range of the first supporting member when the first supporting member is at the second position. 5. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises a fixing portion that fixes to the basket when the first supporting member rotates to the first position. 6. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises a first holding portion to hold an item to be washed in the dish washer, the first holding portion comprising:
a fixing groove into which a part of the item is insertable to be fixed in the fixing groove and thereby held by the first holding portion, and a deformable portion positioned in an opening of the fixing groove and which deforms when the part of the item is inserted into the fixing groove. 7. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the second supporting member comprises a holding portion in the shape of a hook bent by a predetermined angle to support an item to be washed in the dishwasher. 8. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein, when the first supporting member is at the second position, the connecting member enables the second supporting member to rotate from the fourth position to the third position. 9. The dish washer of claim 8, wherein the connecting member comprises:
a first arm rotatably connected to the first supporting member, a second arm rotatably connected to the second supporting member, and a joint rotatably connecting the second arm to the first arm. 10. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the connecting member supports the first supporting member and the second supporting member so that the first supporting member interworks with the second supporting member. 11. The dish washer of claim 9, wherein the first supporting member further comprises a fixing member that fixes the connecting member when the second supporting member rotates to the third position. 12. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises:
a first frame rotatably coupled to the basket, and a supporting unit rotatably coupled to the first frame. 13. The dish washer of claim 12, wherein, when the first supporting member is at the second position, the supporting unit is rotatable to be in a position to support an item to be rested on the first frame. 14. The dish washer of claim 12, wherein the supporting unit comprises a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion spaced from the first supporting portion to form a supporting space. 15. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein the first supporting member comprises:
a first frame rotatably coupled to the basket, and a plurality of supporting units rotatably coupled to the first frame and which are rotatable independently. 16. The dish washer of claim 1, wherein
the first supporting member is configured to, when in the second position, support a stem of a glass to be washed in the dish washer, and the second supporting member is configured to, when in the fourth position, support a lip of a cup of the glass while the stem is supported by the first supporting member. 17. A supporting device comprising:
a first supporting member rotatably coupled to a first wire of a basket of a dish washer; a second supporting member rotatably coupled to a second wire positioned below the first wire of the basket; and a connecting member connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member so that the first supporting member and the second supporting member are rotatable together, and, when the first supporting member is not rotating, the second supporting member is rotatable, wherein the first supporting member and the second supporting member are thereby rotatable to be in positions at which the first supporting member and the second supporting member are configured to support items to be washed in the dish washer. 18. The supporting device of claim 17, wherein the first supporting member and the second supporting member are rotatable to set
a first mode in which the first supporting member and the second supporting member are unfolded from the basket, a second mode in which the first supporting member and the second supporting member are folded to the basket, and a third mode in which the first supporting member is unfolded from the basket and the second supporting member folded to the basket. 19. A dish washer comprises:
a main body; a basket provided inside the main body; a first supporting member rotatably coupled to the basket; a second supporting member positioned below the first supporting member, and being rotatably coupled to the basket; and a connecting member connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member and configured so that
the first connecting member and the second connecting member are rotatable to positions at which both the first connecting member and the second connecting member are folded to the basket,
the first connecting member and the second connecting member are rotatable to positions at which both the first connecting member and the second connecting member are unfolded from the basket, and
the first connection member and the second connection member are rotatable to positions at which the second supporting member is folded to the basket while the first supporting member is unfolded from the basket. 20. The dish washer of claim 19, wherein each of the first connection member and the second connection member is configured to, when unfolded, support items to be washed in the dish washer. | 1,700 |
343,695 | 16,803,064 | 1,744 | A wireless imaging system comprising a head unit and a light cable is provided. The head unit comprises a head unit case, a head unit electrical connector, an image sensor, a wireless transceiver, a central processing unit, and a user-input component. The light cable comprises a light cable electrical connector, a power cable, and an integrated light source. The integrated light source comprises an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum, an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source, a volumetric spectrum converter, and an optical reflector located about the converter. The converter converts emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. The reflector reflects the converter emissions towards the output filter. | 1. A wireless medical imaging system comprising:
(a) a head unit comprising: (i) a head unit case; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user-input component; and (b) a light cable comprising: (i) a light cable electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source, wherein: the head unit case has an external surface defining an external cavity, an internal surface defining an internal cavity, a first aperture, and a second aperture; the head unit electrical connector is configured to operatively connect with the light cable electrical connector through the first aperture; the light cable electrical connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operatively connected in series; the integrated light source comprises: (1) an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectrum converter, the converter being located to convert emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located about the converter; and (5) an output filter, the reflector being located to reflect the converter emissions towards the output filter, and the integrated light source being configured to transmit light from the light cable through the output filter; the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit are disposed within the internal cavity; the image sensor is configured to detect an image transmitted into the head unit through the second aperture; the external cavity is configured to receive an external battery; and the user-input component is disposed on the external surface. 2. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein:
the integrated light source comprises a solid state light source that can produce continuous spectrum light; and/or output of the integrated light source has a spectral bandwidth that is nominally 480 nm to 775 nm. 3. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the emissive radiation source operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm. 4-6. (canceled) 7. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the filter eliminates an emission from the emissive radiation source that has not been converted by the converter as well as optionally further conditioning the emitted light. 8. (canceled) 9. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated light source is configured to provide illumination to an area of interest by connection of the light cable to a medical imaging scope, such that the light is transmitted from the integrated light source, into the medical imaging scope, to the area of interest. 10. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 9, wherein the light cable further comprises a protective housing, the protective housing surrounds the integrated light source and has an opening, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the light cable through the opening. 11. (canceled) 12. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the light cable further comprises an adaptor coupling the light cable to the imaging scope the adaptor being built into the protective housing. 13. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 12, wherein the adaptor is further configured to allow rotation of the adaptor and the light cable with respect to the medical imaging scope while the light cable is connected to the medical imaging scope. 14. (canceled) 15. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the light cable does not comprise a fiber optic cable. 16. (canceled) 17. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit and receive image sensor data and command and control signals, both to and from a wireless transceiver of a remote receiver unit. 18. (canceled) 19. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit may use the ultra-wideband (UWB) communication modality. 20. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit data from the image sensor and command and control signals to an external system for management of medical imaging systems without need for reprogramming or redesign. 21-23. (canceled) 24. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the second aperture comprises a second aperture connector configured for connection of a medical imaging scope to the head unit case. 25-26. (canceled) 27. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit does not comprise a heat sink within the internal cavity of the head unit. 28. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit further comprises a window, the window being disposed within the second aperture and configured to allow the image to pass therethrough. 29. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises an external battery that is disposed in the external cavity and that provides power to one or more of the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, or the central processing unit. 30. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a removable rechargeable battery. 31-33. (canceled) 34. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a non-removable rechargeable battery. 35-37. (canceled) 38. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises a remote receiver unit, the remote receiver unit comprising: (i) a receiver unit case; (ii) a wireless transceiver; (iii) a central processing unit; and (iv) a communications interface; and further wherein the receiver unit case has an internal cavity that contains the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit, and the communications interface. 9-44. (canceled) 45. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit comprises an internal rechargeable battery and a battery management system, the internal rechargeable battery and the battery management system of the head unit allow the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit to switch to a lower power mode in order to conserve power. 46-48. (canceled) | A wireless imaging system comprising a head unit and a light cable is provided. The head unit comprises a head unit case, a head unit electrical connector, an image sensor, a wireless transceiver, a central processing unit, and a user-input component. The light cable comprises a light cable electrical connector, a power cable, and an integrated light source. The integrated light source comprises an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum, an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source, a volumetric spectrum converter, and an optical reflector located about the converter. The converter converts emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. The reflector reflects the converter emissions towards the output filter.1. A wireless medical imaging system comprising:
(a) a head unit comprising: (i) a head unit case; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user-input component; and (b) a light cable comprising: (i) a light cable electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source, wherein: the head unit case has an external surface defining an external cavity, an internal surface defining an internal cavity, a first aperture, and a second aperture; the head unit electrical connector is configured to operatively connect with the light cable electrical connector through the first aperture; the light cable electrical connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operatively connected in series; the integrated light source comprises: (1) an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectrum converter, the converter being located to convert emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located about the converter; and (5) an output filter, the reflector being located to reflect the converter emissions towards the output filter, and the integrated light source being configured to transmit light from the light cable through the output filter; the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit are disposed within the internal cavity; the image sensor is configured to detect an image transmitted into the head unit through the second aperture; the external cavity is configured to receive an external battery; and the user-input component is disposed on the external surface. 2. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein:
the integrated light source comprises a solid state light source that can produce continuous spectrum light; and/or output of the integrated light source has a spectral bandwidth that is nominally 480 nm to 775 nm. 3. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the emissive radiation source operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm. 4-6. (canceled) 7. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the filter eliminates an emission from the emissive radiation source that has not been converted by the converter as well as optionally further conditioning the emitted light. 8. (canceled) 9. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated light source is configured to provide illumination to an area of interest by connection of the light cable to a medical imaging scope, such that the light is transmitted from the integrated light source, into the medical imaging scope, to the area of interest. 10. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 9, wherein the light cable further comprises a protective housing, the protective housing surrounds the integrated light source and has an opening, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the light cable through the opening. 11. (canceled) 12. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the light cable further comprises an adaptor coupling the light cable to the imaging scope the adaptor being built into the protective housing. 13. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 12, wherein the adaptor is further configured to allow rotation of the adaptor and the light cable with respect to the medical imaging scope while the light cable is connected to the medical imaging scope. 14. (canceled) 15. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the light cable does not comprise a fiber optic cable. 16. (canceled) 17. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit and receive image sensor data and command and control signals, both to and from a wireless transceiver of a remote receiver unit. 18. (canceled) 19. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit may use the ultra-wideband (UWB) communication modality. 20. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit data from the image sensor and command and control signals to an external system for management of medical imaging systems without need for reprogramming or redesign. 21-23. (canceled) 24. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the second aperture comprises a second aperture connector configured for connection of a medical imaging scope to the head unit case. 25-26. (canceled) 27. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit does not comprise a heat sink within the internal cavity of the head unit. 28. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit further comprises a window, the window being disposed within the second aperture and configured to allow the image to pass therethrough. 29. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises an external battery that is disposed in the external cavity and that provides power to one or more of the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, or the central processing unit. 30. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a removable rechargeable battery. 31-33. (canceled) 34. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a non-removable rechargeable battery. 35-37. (canceled) 38. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises a remote receiver unit, the remote receiver unit comprising: (i) a receiver unit case; (ii) a wireless transceiver; (iii) a central processing unit; and (iv) a communications interface; and further wherein the receiver unit case has an internal cavity that contains the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit, and the communications interface. 9-44. (canceled) 45. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit comprises an internal rechargeable battery and a battery management system, the internal rechargeable battery and the battery management system of the head unit allow the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit to switch to a lower power mode in order to conserve power. 46-48. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,696 | 16,803,161 | 1,742 | A wireless imaging system comprising a head unit and a light cable is provided. The head unit comprises a head unit case, a head unit electrical connector, an image sensor, a wireless transceiver, a central processing unit, and a user-input component. The light cable comprises a light cable electrical connector, a power cable, and an integrated light source. The integrated light source comprises an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum, an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source, a volumetric spectrum converter, and an optical reflector located about the converter. The converter converts emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. The reflector reflects the converter emissions towards the output filter. | 1. A wireless medical imaging system comprising:
(a) a head unit comprising: (i) a head unit case; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user-input component; and (b) a light cable comprising: (i) a light cable electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source, wherein: the head unit case has an external surface defining an external cavity, an internal surface defining an internal cavity, a first aperture, and a second aperture; the head unit electrical connector is configured to operatively connect with the light cable electrical connector through the first aperture; the light cable electrical connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operatively connected in series; the integrated light source comprises: (1) an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectrum converter, the converter being located to convert emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located about the converter; and (5) an output filter, the reflector being located to reflect the converter emissions towards the output filter, and the integrated light source being configured to transmit light from the light cable through the output filter; the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit are disposed within the internal cavity; the image sensor is configured to detect an image transmitted into the head unit through the second aperture; the external cavity is configured to receive an external battery; and the user-input component is disposed on the external surface. 2. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein:
the integrated light source comprises a solid state light source that can produce continuous spectrum light; and/or output of the integrated light source has a spectral bandwidth that is nominally 480 nm to 775 nm. 3. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the emissive radiation source operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm. 4-6. (canceled) 7. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the filter eliminates an emission from the emissive radiation source that has not been converted by the converter as well as optionally further conditioning the emitted light. 8. (canceled) 9. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated light source is configured to provide illumination to an area of interest by connection of the light cable to a medical imaging scope, such that the light is transmitted from the integrated light source, into the medical imaging scope, to the area of interest. 10. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 9, wherein the light cable further comprises a protective housing, the protective housing surrounds the integrated light source and has an opening, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the light cable through the opening. 11. (canceled) 12. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the light cable further comprises an adaptor coupling the light cable to the imaging scope the adaptor being built into the protective housing. 13. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 12, wherein the adaptor is further configured to allow rotation of the adaptor and the light cable with respect to the medical imaging scope while the light cable is connected to the medical imaging scope. 14. (canceled) 15. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the light cable does not comprise a fiber optic cable. 16. (canceled) 17. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit and receive image sensor data and command and control signals, both to and from a wireless transceiver of a remote receiver unit. 18. (canceled) 19. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit may use the ultra-wideband (UWB) communication modality. 20. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit data from the image sensor and command and control signals to an external system for management of medical imaging systems without need for reprogramming or redesign. 21-23. (canceled) 24. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the second aperture comprises a second aperture connector configured for connection of a medical imaging scope to the head unit case. 25-26. (canceled) 27. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit does not comprise a heat sink within the internal cavity of the head unit. 28. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit further comprises a window, the window being disposed within the second aperture and configured to allow the image to pass therethrough. 29. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises an external battery that is disposed in the external cavity and that provides power to one or more of the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, or the central processing unit. 30. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a removable rechargeable battery. 31-33. (canceled) 34. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a non-removable rechargeable battery. 35-37. (canceled) 38. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises a remote receiver unit, the remote receiver unit comprising: (i) a receiver unit case; (ii) a wireless transceiver; (iii) a central processing unit; and (iv) a communications interface; and further wherein the receiver unit case has an internal cavity that contains the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit, and the communications interface. 9-44. (canceled) 45. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit comprises an internal rechargeable battery and a battery management system, the internal rechargeable battery and the battery management system of the head unit allow the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit to switch to a lower power mode in order to conserve power. 46-48. (canceled) | A wireless imaging system comprising a head unit and a light cable is provided. The head unit comprises a head unit case, a head unit electrical connector, an image sensor, a wireless transceiver, a central processing unit, and a user-input component. The light cable comprises a light cable electrical connector, a power cable, and an integrated light source. The integrated light source comprises an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum, an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source, a volumetric spectrum converter, and an optical reflector located about the converter. The converter converts emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. The reflector reflects the converter emissions towards the output filter.1. A wireless medical imaging system comprising:
(a) a head unit comprising: (i) a head unit case; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user-input component; and (b) a light cable comprising: (i) a light cable electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source, wherein: the head unit case has an external surface defining an external cavity, an internal surface defining an internal cavity, a first aperture, and a second aperture; the head unit electrical connector is configured to operatively connect with the light cable electrical connector through the first aperture; the light cable electrical connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operatively connected in series; the integrated light source comprises: (1) an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectrum converter, the converter being located to convert emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located about the converter; and (5) an output filter, the reflector being located to reflect the converter emissions towards the output filter, and the integrated light source being configured to transmit light from the light cable through the output filter; the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit are disposed within the internal cavity; the image sensor is configured to detect an image transmitted into the head unit through the second aperture; the external cavity is configured to receive an external battery; and the user-input component is disposed on the external surface. 2. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein:
the integrated light source comprises a solid state light source that can produce continuous spectrum light; and/or output of the integrated light source has a spectral bandwidth that is nominally 480 nm to 775 nm. 3. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the emissive radiation source operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm. 4-6. (canceled) 7. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the filter eliminates an emission from the emissive radiation source that has not been converted by the converter as well as optionally further conditioning the emitted light. 8. (canceled) 9. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated light source is configured to provide illumination to an area of interest by connection of the light cable to a medical imaging scope, such that the light is transmitted from the integrated light source, into the medical imaging scope, to the area of interest. 10. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 9, wherein the light cable further comprises a protective housing, the protective housing surrounds the integrated light source and has an opening, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the light cable through the opening. 11. (canceled) 12. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the light cable further comprises an adaptor coupling the light cable to the imaging scope the adaptor being built into the protective housing. 13. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 12, wherein the adaptor is further configured to allow rotation of the adaptor and the light cable with respect to the medical imaging scope while the light cable is connected to the medical imaging scope. 14. (canceled) 15. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1 wherein the light cable does not comprise a fiber optic cable. 16. (canceled) 17. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit and receive image sensor data and command and control signals, both to and from a wireless transceiver of a remote receiver unit. 18. (canceled) 19. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit may use the ultra-wideband (UWB) communication modality. 20. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit data from the image sensor and command and control signals to an external system for management of medical imaging systems without need for reprogramming or redesign. 21-23. (canceled) 24. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the second aperture comprises a second aperture connector configured for connection of a medical imaging scope to the head unit case. 25-26. (canceled) 27. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit does not comprise a heat sink within the internal cavity of the head unit. 28. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit further comprises a window, the window being disposed within the second aperture and configured to allow the image to pass therethrough. 29. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises an external battery that is disposed in the external cavity and that provides power to one or more of the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, or the central processing unit. 30. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a removable rechargeable battery. 31-33. (canceled) 34. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein the external battery is a non-removable rechargeable battery. 35-37. (canceled) 38. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the wireless medical imaging system further comprises a remote receiver unit, the remote receiver unit comprising: (i) a receiver unit case; (ii) a wireless transceiver; (iii) a central processing unit; and (iv) a communications interface; and further wherein the receiver unit case has an internal cavity that contains the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit, and the communications interface. 9-44. (canceled) 45. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the head unit comprises an internal rechargeable battery and a battery management system, the internal rechargeable battery and the battery management system of the head unit allow the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit to switch to a lower power mode in order to conserve power. 46-48. (canceled) | 1,700 |
343,697 | 16,803,143 | 1,718 | A wafer placement apparatus includes a ceramic plate having a top surface including a wafer placement surface, the ceramic plate allowing at least one of an electrostatic electrode and a heater electrode to be embedded therein; and a cooling plate disposed on an undersurface of the ceramic plate opposite to the wafer placement surface to cool the ceramic plate, wherein the cooling plate includes a coolant channel, and the coolant channel has a multi-layer structure at least partially including two or more layers stacked vertically, the two or more layers being spaced different distances apart from the wafer placement surface. | 1. A wafer placement apparatus, comprising:
a ceramic plate having a top surface including a wafer placement surface, the ceramic plate allowing at least one of an electrostatic electrode and a heater electrode to be embedded therein; and a cooling plate disposed on an undersurface of the ceramic plate opposite to the wafer placement surface to cool the ceramic plate, wherein the cooling plate includes a coolant channel, and the coolant channel has a multi-layer structure at least partially including two or more layers stacked vertically, the two or more layers being spaced different distances apart from the wafer placement surface. 2. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein one of the layers of the coolant channel located closer to the ceramic plate has an inter-channel distance, a channel width, and a channel cross section at least one of which is smaller than the at least one of the inter-channel distance, the channel width, and the channel cross section of another one of the layers located further from the ceramic plate. 3. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein one of the layers of the coolant channel located closer to the ceramic plate is independently disposed in each of a plurality of zones into which the cooling plate is divided. 4. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the cooling plate has a through-hole that extends through vertically, and around the through-hole, one of the layers of the coolant channel located closer to the ceramic plate is located closer to the through-hole than another one of the layers located further from the ceramic plate. 5. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the coolant channel includes a layer located closer to the ceramic plate and a layer located further from the ceramic plate, which are alternately arranged when viewed in a plan. 6. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the coolant channel, a layer located closer to the ceramic plate on a first side of a border of a plurality of zones into which the cooling plate is divided, and a layer located further from the ceramic plate on a second side of the border are continuous with each other with a first communication portion, and a layer located further from the ceramic plate on the first side of the border and a layer located closer to the ceramic plate on the second side of the border are continuous with each other with a second communication portion, so that the layers are vertically switched with each other. 7. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the coolant channel, an outlet port of one of the layers located further from the ceramic plate is disposed near an inlet port of another one of the layers located closer to the ceramic plate, and an inlet port of the layer located further from the ceramic plate is disposed near an outlet port of the layer located closer to the ceramic plate when the cooling plate is viewed in a plan. 8. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the cooling plate has no heater. | A wafer placement apparatus includes a ceramic plate having a top surface including a wafer placement surface, the ceramic plate allowing at least one of an electrostatic electrode and a heater electrode to be embedded therein; and a cooling plate disposed on an undersurface of the ceramic plate opposite to the wafer placement surface to cool the ceramic plate, wherein the cooling plate includes a coolant channel, and the coolant channel has a multi-layer structure at least partially including two or more layers stacked vertically, the two or more layers being spaced different distances apart from the wafer placement surface.1. A wafer placement apparatus, comprising:
a ceramic plate having a top surface including a wafer placement surface, the ceramic plate allowing at least one of an electrostatic electrode and a heater electrode to be embedded therein; and a cooling plate disposed on an undersurface of the ceramic plate opposite to the wafer placement surface to cool the ceramic plate, wherein the cooling plate includes a coolant channel, and the coolant channel has a multi-layer structure at least partially including two or more layers stacked vertically, the two or more layers being spaced different distances apart from the wafer placement surface. 2. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein one of the layers of the coolant channel located closer to the ceramic plate has an inter-channel distance, a channel width, and a channel cross section at least one of which is smaller than the at least one of the inter-channel distance, the channel width, and the channel cross section of another one of the layers located further from the ceramic plate. 3. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein one of the layers of the coolant channel located closer to the ceramic plate is independently disposed in each of a plurality of zones into which the cooling plate is divided. 4. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the cooling plate has a through-hole that extends through vertically, and around the through-hole, one of the layers of the coolant channel located closer to the ceramic plate is located closer to the through-hole than another one of the layers located further from the ceramic plate. 5. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the coolant channel includes a layer located closer to the ceramic plate and a layer located further from the ceramic plate, which are alternately arranged when viewed in a plan. 6. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the coolant channel, a layer located closer to the ceramic plate on a first side of a border of a plurality of zones into which the cooling plate is divided, and a layer located further from the ceramic plate on a second side of the border are continuous with each other with a first communication portion, and a layer located further from the ceramic plate on the first side of the border and a layer located closer to the ceramic plate on the second side of the border are continuous with each other with a second communication portion, so that the layers are vertically switched with each other. 7. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the coolant channel, an outlet port of one of the layers located further from the ceramic plate is disposed near an inlet port of another one of the layers located closer to the ceramic plate, and an inlet port of the layer located further from the ceramic plate is disposed near an outlet port of the layer located closer to the ceramic plate when the cooling plate is viewed in a plan. 8. The wafer placement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the cooling plate has no heater. | 1,700 |
343,698 | 16,803,106 | 1,718 | According to one embodiment, a memory system receives from a host a first write request including a first block identifier designating a first write destination block to which first write data is to be written. The memory system acquires the first write data from a write buffer temporarily holding write data corresponding to each of the write requests, and writes the first write data to a write destination page in the first write destination block. The memory system releases a region in the write buffer, storing data which is made readable from the first write destination block by writing the first write data to the write destination page. The data made readable is a data of a page in the first write destination block preceding the write destination page. | 1-18. (canceled) 19: A memory system connectable to a host, comprising:
a nonvolatile memory including a block, the block being a unit of a data erase operation, the block including a plurality of word lines, each of the plurality of word lines connecting a plurality of memory cells; and a controller electrically connected to the nonvolatile memory and configured to: acquire first write data from a write buffer; write the first write data to a first memory cell connected to a first word line in the block; acquire second write data from the write buffer; write the second write data to a second memory cell connected to a second word line in the block, the second word line being different from the first word line; keep the first write data in a region of the write buffer, without releasing the region, after the first write data is written to the first memory cell until the second write data is written to the second memory cell; and upon the second write data being written to the second memory cell, release the region of the write buffer. 20: The memory system according to claim 19, wherein
the first write data is made readable from the first memory cell by writing the second write data to the second memory cell. 21: The memory system according to claim 20, wherein
a data write operation to each of the plurality of memory cells is performed by a multi-stage programming method, the multi-stage programming method including a first stage programming and a second stage programming, data written to each of the plurality of memory cells is made readable by performing the first stage programing and the second stage programming thereto, wherein the second stage programming to the first memory cell is performed after the first stage programing is performed to the second memory cell. 22: The memory system according to claim 19, wherein
the controller is further configured to: in response to a command received from the host, the command designating an identifier of the block, perform the writing of the first write data to the first memory cell. 23: The memory system according to claim 22, wherein
the command further designates an identifier of the first word line. 24: The memory system according to claim 22, wherein
the command further designates a tag to logically identify the first write data. 25: The memory system according to claim 24, wherein
the tag comprises a logical block address associated with the first write data. 26: The memory system according to claim 22, wherein
the command does not designate an identifier of the first word line, and the controller is further configured to: upon the first write data being written to the first memory cell connected to the first word line, notify the host of the identifier of the first word line. 27: The memory system according to claim 19, wherein
the write buffer is implemented in the host. 28: The memory system according to claim 27, wherein
the controller is further configured to: in response to detecting that a command to instruct the second write data is not received from the host for a threshold time period, write dummy data to the second memory cell. 29: A method of writing data to a nonvolatile memory, the nonvolatile memory including a block, the block being a unit of a data erase operation, the block including a plurality of word lines, each of the plurality of word lines connecting a plurality of memory cells, the method comprising:
acquiring first write data from a write buffer; writing the first write data to a first memory cell connected to a first word line in the block; acquiring second write data from the write buffer; writing the second write data to a second memory cell connected to a second word line in the block, the second word line being different from the first word line; keeping the first write data in a region of the write buffer, without releasing the region, after the first write data is written to the first memory cell until the second write data is written to the second memory cell; and upon the second write data being written to the second memory cell, releasing the region of the write buffer. 30: The method according to claim 29, wherein
the first write data is made readable from the first memory cell by writing the second write data to the second memory cell. 31: The method according to claim 30, wherein
a data write operation to each of the plurality of memory cells is performed by a multi-stage programming method, the multi-stage programming method including a first stage programming and a second stage programming, data written to each of the plurality of memory cells is made readable by performing the first stage programing and the second stage programming thereto, wherein the second stage programming to the first memory cell is performed after the first stage programing is performed to the second memory cell. 32: The method according to claim 29, wherein
the writing of the first write data to the first memory cell is performed in response to a command received from a host, the command designating an identifier of the block. 33: The method according to claim 32, wherein
the command further designates an identifier of the first word line. 34: The method according to claim 32, wherein
the command further designates a tag to logically identify the first write data. 35: The method according to claim 34, wherein
the tag comprises a logical block address associated with the first write data. 36: The method according to claim 32, wherein
the command does not designate an identifier of the first word line, and the method further comprises: upon the first write data being written to the first memory cell connected to the first word line, notifying the host of the identifier of the first word line. 37: The method according to claim 29, wherein
the write buffer is implemented in a host. 38: The method according to claim 37, further comprising:
in response to detecting that a command to instruct the second write data is not received from the host for a threshold time period, writing dummy data to the second memory cell. | According to one embodiment, a memory system receives from a host a first write request including a first block identifier designating a first write destination block to which first write data is to be written. The memory system acquires the first write data from a write buffer temporarily holding write data corresponding to each of the write requests, and writes the first write data to a write destination page in the first write destination block. The memory system releases a region in the write buffer, storing data which is made readable from the first write destination block by writing the first write data to the write destination page. The data made readable is a data of a page in the first write destination block preceding the write destination page.1-18. (canceled) 19: A memory system connectable to a host, comprising:
a nonvolatile memory including a block, the block being a unit of a data erase operation, the block including a plurality of word lines, each of the plurality of word lines connecting a plurality of memory cells; and a controller electrically connected to the nonvolatile memory and configured to: acquire first write data from a write buffer; write the first write data to a first memory cell connected to a first word line in the block; acquire second write data from the write buffer; write the second write data to a second memory cell connected to a second word line in the block, the second word line being different from the first word line; keep the first write data in a region of the write buffer, without releasing the region, after the first write data is written to the first memory cell until the second write data is written to the second memory cell; and upon the second write data being written to the second memory cell, release the region of the write buffer. 20: The memory system according to claim 19, wherein
the first write data is made readable from the first memory cell by writing the second write data to the second memory cell. 21: The memory system according to claim 20, wherein
a data write operation to each of the plurality of memory cells is performed by a multi-stage programming method, the multi-stage programming method including a first stage programming and a second stage programming, data written to each of the plurality of memory cells is made readable by performing the first stage programing and the second stage programming thereto, wherein the second stage programming to the first memory cell is performed after the first stage programing is performed to the second memory cell. 22: The memory system according to claim 19, wherein
the controller is further configured to: in response to a command received from the host, the command designating an identifier of the block, perform the writing of the first write data to the first memory cell. 23: The memory system according to claim 22, wherein
the command further designates an identifier of the first word line. 24: The memory system according to claim 22, wherein
the command further designates a tag to logically identify the first write data. 25: The memory system according to claim 24, wherein
the tag comprises a logical block address associated with the first write data. 26: The memory system according to claim 22, wherein
the command does not designate an identifier of the first word line, and the controller is further configured to: upon the first write data being written to the first memory cell connected to the first word line, notify the host of the identifier of the first word line. 27: The memory system according to claim 19, wherein
the write buffer is implemented in the host. 28: The memory system according to claim 27, wherein
the controller is further configured to: in response to detecting that a command to instruct the second write data is not received from the host for a threshold time period, write dummy data to the second memory cell. 29: A method of writing data to a nonvolatile memory, the nonvolatile memory including a block, the block being a unit of a data erase operation, the block including a plurality of word lines, each of the plurality of word lines connecting a plurality of memory cells, the method comprising:
acquiring first write data from a write buffer; writing the first write data to a first memory cell connected to a first word line in the block; acquiring second write data from the write buffer; writing the second write data to a second memory cell connected to a second word line in the block, the second word line being different from the first word line; keeping the first write data in a region of the write buffer, without releasing the region, after the first write data is written to the first memory cell until the second write data is written to the second memory cell; and upon the second write data being written to the second memory cell, releasing the region of the write buffer. 30: The method according to claim 29, wherein
the first write data is made readable from the first memory cell by writing the second write data to the second memory cell. 31: The method according to claim 30, wherein
a data write operation to each of the plurality of memory cells is performed by a multi-stage programming method, the multi-stage programming method including a first stage programming and a second stage programming, data written to each of the plurality of memory cells is made readable by performing the first stage programing and the second stage programming thereto, wherein the second stage programming to the first memory cell is performed after the first stage programing is performed to the second memory cell. 32: The method according to claim 29, wherein
the writing of the first write data to the first memory cell is performed in response to a command received from a host, the command designating an identifier of the block. 33: The method according to claim 32, wherein
the command further designates an identifier of the first word line. 34: The method according to claim 32, wherein
the command further designates a tag to logically identify the first write data. 35: The method according to claim 34, wherein
the tag comprises a logical block address associated with the first write data. 36: The method according to claim 32, wherein
the command does not designate an identifier of the first word line, and the method further comprises: upon the first write data being written to the first memory cell connected to the first word line, notifying the host of the identifier of the first word line. 37: The method according to claim 29, wherein
the write buffer is implemented in a host. 38: The method according to claim 37, further comprising:
in response to detecting that a command to instruct the second write data is not received from the host for a threshold time period, writing dummy data to the second memory cell. | 1,700 |
343,699 | 16,803,132 | 2,852 | An image forming apparatus includes a first circuit board provided with a first connector, a second circuit board provided with a second connector, and a plurality of electric wires one-end portions of which a first connector housing including a plurality of pins is connected to and other-end portions of which a second connector housing including a plurality of pins is connected to. An alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the first connector housing differs from an alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the second connector housing, and the plurality of electric wires have lengths different from one another. | 1. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image forming unit configured to form an image on a sheet; a heater configured to fix the image onto the sheet; a first circuit board which is provided with a first connector including a plurality of pins, and configured to apply AC voltage supplied from a commercial power source to the heater; a second circuit board which is provided with a second connector including a plurality of pins, and configured to convert the AC voltage into DC voltage to supply the DC voltage to the image forming unit; a plurality of electric wires; first crimp terminals which are provided with one-end portions of the plurality of electric wires; second crimp terminals which are provided with other-end portions of the plurality of electric wires; a first connector housing into which the first crimp terminals at the one-end portions are inserted, wherein the first connector housing and the first connector are detachably connecting; and a second connector housing into which the second crimp terminals at the other-end portions are inserted, wherein the second connector housing and the second connector are detachably connecting, wherein an alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the first connector housing differs from an alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the second connector housing, and wherein the plurality of electric wires have lengths different from one another. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are each a connector for power source. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector includes a first lock mechanism which locks the first connector housing to the first connector to prevent the first connector housing from disconnecting from the first connector, and
the second connector includes a second lock mechanism which locks the second connector housing to the second connector to prevent the second connector housing from disconnecting from the second connector. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are each a single connector. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are each a double connector. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the image forming unit from the second circuit board via the first circuit board. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a motor that is controlled by the first circuit board,
wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the motor. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a load that is connected to the first circuit board,
wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the load of the image forming unit. | An image forming apparatus includes a first circuit board provided with a first connector, a second circuit board provided with a second connector, and a plurality of electric wires one-end portions of which a first connector housing including a plurality of pins is connected to and other-end portions of which a second connector housing including a plurality of pins is connected to. An alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the first connector housing differs from an alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the second connector housing, and the plurality of electric wires have lengths different from one another.1. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image forming unit configured to form an image on a sheet; a heater configured to fix the image onto the sheet; a first circuit board which is provided with a first connector including a plurality of pins, and configured to apply AC voltage supplied from a commercial power source to the heater; a second circuit board which is provided with a second connector including a plurality of pins, and configured to convert the AC voltage into DC voltage to supply the DC voltage to the image forming unit; a plurality of electric wires; first crimp terminals which are provided with one-end portions of the plurality of electric wires; second crimp terminals which are provided with other-end portions of the plurality of electric wires; a first connector housing into which the first crimp terminals at the one-end portions are inserted, wherein the first connector housing and the first connector are detachably connecting; and a second connector housing into which the second crimp terminals at the other-end portions are inserted, wherein the second connector housing and the second connector are detachably connecting, wherein an alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the first connector housing differs from an alignment direction of the plurality of pins of the second connector housing, and wherein the plurality of electric wires have lengths different from one another. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are each a connector for power source. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector includes a first lock mechanism which locks the first connector housing to the first connector to prevent the first connector housing from disconnecting from the first connector, and
the second connector includes a second lock mechanism which locks the second connector housing to the second connector to prevent the second connector housing from disconnecting from the second connector. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are each a single connector. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are each a double connector. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the image forming unit from the second circuit board via the first circuit board. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a motor that is controlled by the first circuit board,
wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the motor. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a load that is connected to the first circuit board,
wherein the DC voltage is supplied to the load of the image forming unit. | 2,800 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.