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343,400 | 16,802,782 | 3,792 | A method of manufacturing semiconductor elements includes: disposing a semiconductor layer made of a nitride semiconductor on a first wafer; and bonding a second wafer to the first wafer via the semiconductor layer. The first wafer has an upper surface including a first region and a second region surrounding a periphery of the first region and located lower than the first region. In a top view of the first wafer, a first distance between an edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of first directions parallel to respective m-axes of the semiconductor layer is smaller than a second distance between the edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of second directions parallel to respective a-axes of the semiconductor layer. | 1. A method of manufacturing semiconductor elements, the method comprising:
disposing a semiconductor layer made of a nitride semiconductor on a first wafer; and bonding a second wafer to the first wafer via the semiconductor layer; wherein the first wafer has an upper surface that includes a first region and a second region surrounding a periphery of the first region and located lower than the first region, wherein, in a top view of the first wafer, a first distance between an edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of first directions passing through a center of the first wafer and being parallel to respective m-axes of the semiconductor layer is smaller than a second distance between the edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of second directions passing through the center of the first wafer and being parallel to respective a-axes of the semiconductor layer, wherein the second wafer has a lower surface and an upper surface, the lower surface including a flat portion and an inclined portion surrounding the flat portion, the inclined portion inclining upward toward the upper surface, and wherein, in said bonding the second wafer, the second wafer is bonded to the first wafer such that outer end portions of the first wafer located in the first directions are opposite to the inclined portion of the second wafer. 2. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein outer end portions of the semiconductor layer in the first directions have a thickness greater than a thickness of outer end portions of the semiconductor layer located in the second directions. 3. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the first wafer comprises sapphire. 4. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the first wafer comprises sapphire. 5. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the second region is located at least 2 μm lower than the first region. 6. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the second region is located at least 2 μm lower than the first region. 7. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 3, wherein the second region is located at least 2 μm lower than the first region. 8. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the second distance is in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm. 9. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the second distance is in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm. 10. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 3, wherein the second distance is in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm. 11. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 8, wherein the first distance is in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. 12. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 9, wherein the first distance is in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. 13. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 10, wherein the first distance is in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. 14. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed on the first region and the second region. 15. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed on the first region and the second region. 16. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 3, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed on the first region and the second region. 17. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor layer is made of InXAlYGa1-X-YN (0≤X, 0≤Y, X+Y≤1). 18. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the semiconductor layer is made of InXAlYGa1-X-YN (0≤X, 0≤Y, X+Y≤1). | A method of manufacturing semiconductor elements includes: disposing a semiconductor layer made of a nitride semiconductor on a first wafer; and bonding a second wafer to the first wafer via the semiconductor layer. The first wafer has an upper surface including a first region and a second region surrounding a periphery of the first region and located lower than the first region. In a top view of the first wafer, a first distance between an edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of first directions parallel to respective m-axes of the semiconductor layer is smaller than a second distance between the edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of second directions parallel to respective a-axes of the semiconductor layer.1. A method of manufacturing semiconductor elements, the method comprising:
disposing a semiconductor layer made of a nitride semiconductor on a first wafer; and bonding a second wafer to the first wafer via the semiconductor layer; wherein the first wafer has an upper surface that includes a first region and a second region surrounding a periphery of the first region and located lower than the first region, wherein, in a top view of the first wafer, a first distance between an edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of first directions passing through a center of the first wafer and being parallel to respective m-axes of the semiconductor layer is smaller than a second distance between the edge of the first wafer and the first region of the first wafer in each of a plurality of second directions passing through the center of the first wafer and being parallel to respective a-axes of the semiconductor layer, wherein the second wafer has a lower surface and an upper surface, the lower surface including a flat portion and an inclined portion surrounding the flat portion, the inclined portion inclining upward toward the upper surface, and wherein, in said bonding the second wafer, the second wafer is bonded to the first wafer such that outer end portions of the first wafer located in the first directions are opposite to the inclined portion of the second wafer. 2. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein outer end portions of the semiconductor layer in the first directions have a thickness greater than a thickness of outer end portions of the semiconductor layer located in the second directions. 3. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the first wafer comprises sapphire. 4. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the first wafer comprises sapphire. 5. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the second region is located at least 2 μm lower than the first region. 6. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the second region is located at least 2 μm lower than the first region. 7. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 3, wherein the second region is located at least 2 μm lower than the first region. 8. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the second distance is in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm. 9. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the second distance is in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm. 10. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 3, wherein the second distance is in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm. 11. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 8, wherein the first distance is in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. 12. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 9, wherein the first distance is in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. 13. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 10, wherein the first distance is in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. 14. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed on the first region and the second region. 15. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed on the first region and the second region. 16. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 3, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed on the first region and the second region. 17. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor layer is made of InXAlYGa1-X-YN (0≤X, 0≤Y, X+Y≤1). 18. The method of manufacturing semiconductor elements according to claim 2, wherein the semiconductor layer is made of InXAlYGa1-X-YN (0≤X, 0≤Y, X+Y≤1). | 3,700 |
343,401 | 16,802,804 | 3,792 | A user engagement system for an oven appliance, as provided herein, may include a camera assembly, an image monitor, and a controller. The camera assembly may be directed at a cooking zone. The image monitor may be spaced apart from the cooking zone. The controller may be configured to initiate a directed cooking operation including generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance. The oven avatar may include a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone. The directed cooking operation may further include receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera assembly and presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone. The directed cooking operation may still further include receiving a control input at the oven avatar, and directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar. | 1. A method of operating an oven appliance at a remote user interface device in wireless communication with the oven appliance, the oven appliance comprising a cooking zone and a camera directed at the cooking zone, the remote user interface device comprising an image monitor, the method comprising:
generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance, the oven avatar comprising a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone to provide an illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance; receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera; presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone; receiving a control input at the oven avatar; and directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar on the remote user interface device, wherein the oven avatar comprises a virtual three-dimensional model of the oven appliance viewable in two dimensions on the image monitor, and wherein the virtual zone is defined on the virtual three-dimensional model as a real-time representation of the cooking zone, the real-time representation of the cooking zone being mapped onto the virtual zone to contain the real-time representation within the illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oven avatar further comprises a virtual interface panel defined on the virtual three-dimensional model, wherein the virtual interface panel corresponds to a control panel mounted to a cabinet of the oven appliance, and wherein the control input is received at the virtual interface panel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises initiating illumination of an oven light source directed at the cooking zone. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises adjusting a current cooking temperature of the cooking zone. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooking zone is within a cooking chamber defined within a cabinet of the oven appliance. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the camera is mounted to the cabinet within the cooking chamber. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooking zone is a cooktop mounted to a top portion of a cabinet of the oven appliance. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the camera is mounted above the cooktop. 10. A user engagement system comprising:
a camera assembly directed at a cooking zone of an oven appliance; an image monitor spaced apart from the cooking zone; and a controller in operative communication with the camera assembly and the image monitor, wherein the controller is configured to initiate a directed cooking operation, the directed cooking operation comprising:
generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance, the oven avatar comprising a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone to provide an illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance,
receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera assembly,
presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone,
receiving a control input at the oven avatar, and
directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar on the remote user interface device,
wherein the oven avatar comprises a virtual three-dimensional model of the oven appliance viewable in two dimensions on the image monitor, and wherein the virtual zone is defined on the virtual three-dimensional model as a real-time representation of the cooking zone, the real-time representation of the cooking zone being mapped onto the virtual zone to contain the real-time representation within the illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance. 11. (canceled) 12. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein the oven avatar further comprises a virtual interface panel defined on the virtual three-dimensional model, wherein the virtual interface panel corresponds to a control panel mounted to a cabinet of the oven appliance, and wherein the control input is received at the virtual interface panel. 13. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises initiating illumination of an oven light source directed at the cooking zone. 14. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises adjusting a current cooking temperature of the cooking zone. 15. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein the cooking zone is within a cooking chamber defined within a cabinet of the oven appliance. 16. The user engagement system of claim 15, wherein the camera assembly is mounted to the cabinet within the cooking chamber. 17. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein the cooking zone is a cooktop mounted to a top portion of a cabinet of the oven appliance. 18. The user engagement system of claim 17, wherein the camera assembly is mounted above the cooktop. 19. A user engagement system comprising:
a camera assembly directed at a cooking zone of an oven appliance, the oven appliance comprising a cabinet defining the cooking zone and a control panel mounted to the cabinet; an image monitor spaced apart from the cooking zone; and a controller in operative communication with the camera assembly and the image monitor, wherein the controller is configured to initiate a directed cooking operation, the directed cooking operation comprising:
generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance, the oven avatar comprising a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone to provide an illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance,
receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera assembly,
presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone,
receiving a control input at the oven avatar, and
directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar on the remote user interface device,
wherein the oven avatar comprises a virtual three-dimensional model of the oven appliance viewable in two dimensions on the image monitor and a virtual interface panel defined on the virtual three-dimensional model, wherein the virtual zone is defined on the virtual three-dimensional model as a real-time representation of the cooking zone, the real-time representation of the cooking zone being mapped onto the virtual zone to contain the real-time representation within the illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance, and wherein the control input is received at the virtual interface panel. 20. The user engagement system of claim 19, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises initiating illumination of an oven light source directed at the cooking zone. 21. The user engagement system of claim 19, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises adjusting a current cooking temperature of the cooking zone. | A user engagement system for an oven appliance, as provided herein, may include a camera assembly, an image monitor, and a controller. The camera assembly may be directed at a cooking zone. The image monitor may be spaced apart from the cooking zone. The controller may be configured to initiate a directed cooking operation including generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance. The oven avatar may include a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone. The directed cooking operation may further include receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera assembly and presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone. The directed cooking operation may still further include receiving a control input at the oven avatar, and directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar.1. A method of operating an oven appliance at a remote user interface device in wireless communication with the oven appliance, the oven appliance comprising a cooking zone and a camera directed at the cooking zone, the remote user interface device comprising an image monitor, the method comprising:
generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance, the oven avatar comprising a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone to provide an illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance; receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera; presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone; receiving a control input at the oven avatar; and directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar on the remote user interface device, wherein the oven avatar comprises a virtual three-dimensional model of the oven appliance viewable in two dimensions on the image monitor, and wherein the virtual zone is defined on the virtual three-dimensional model as a real-time representation of the cooking zone, the real-time representation of the cooking zone being mapped onto the virtual zone to contain the real-time representation within the illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oven avatar further comprises a virtual interface panel defined on the virtual three-dimensional model, wherein the virtual interface panel corresponds to a control panel mounted to a cabinet of the oven appliance, and wherein the control input is received at the virtual interface panel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises initiating illumination of an oven light source directed at the cooking zone. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises adjusting a current cooking temperature of the cooking zone. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooking zone is within a cooking chamber defined within a cabinet of the oven appliance. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the camera is mounted to the cabinet within the cooking chamber. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooking zone is a cooktop mounted to a top portion of a cabinet of the oven appliance. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the camera is mounted above the cooktop. 10. A user engagement system comprising:
a camera assembly directed at a cooking zone of an oven appliance; an image monitor spaced apart from the cooking zone; and a controller in operative communication with the camera assembly and the image monitor, wherein the controller is configured to initiate a directed cooking operation, the directed cooking operation comprising:
generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance, the oven avatar comprising a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone to provide an illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance,
receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera assembly,
presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone,
receiving a control input at the oven avatar, and
directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar on the remote user interface device,
wherein the oven avatar comprises a virtual three-dimensional model of the oven appliance viewable in two dimensions on the image monitor, and wherein the virtual zone is defined on the virtual three-dimensional model as a real-time representation of the cooking zone, the real-time representation of the cooking zone being mapped onto the virtual zone to contain the real-time representation within the illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance. 11. (canceled) 12. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein the oven avatar further comprises a virtual interface panel defined on the virtual three-dimensional model, wherein the virtual interface panel corresponds to a control panel mounted to a cabinet of the oven appliance, and wherein the control input is received at the virtual interface panel. 13. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises initiating illumination of an oven light source directed at the cooking zone. 14. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises adjusting a current cooking temperature of the cooking zone. 15. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein the cooking zone is within a cooking chamber defined within a cabinet of the oven appliance. 16. The user engagement system of claim 15, wherein the camera assembly is mounted to the cabinet within the cooking chamber. 17. The user engagement system of claim 10, wherein the cooking zone is a cooktop mounted to a top portion of a cabinet of the oven appliance. 18. The user engagement system of claim 17, wherein the camera assembly is mounted above the cooktop. 19. A user engagement system comprising:
a camera assembly directed at a cooking zone of an oven appliance, the oven appliance comprising a cabinet defining the cooking zone and a control panel mounted to the cabinet; an image monitor spaced apart from the cooking zone; and a controller in operative communication with the camera assembly and the image monitor, wherein the controller is configured to initiate a directed cooking operation, the directed cooking operation comprising:
generating an oven avatar on the image monitor to provide a virtual representation of the oven appliance, the oven avatar comprising a virtual zone corresponding to the cooking zone to provide an illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance,
receiving a video signal of the cooking zone from the camera assembly,
presenting a real-time feed of the cooking zone at the virtual zone,
receiving a control input at the oven avatar, and
directing the oven appliance based on the control input received at the oven avatar on the remote user interface device,
wherein the oven avatar comprises a virtual three-dimensional model of the oven appliance viewable in two dimensions on the image monitor and a virtual interface panel defined on the virtual three-dimensional model, wherein the virtual zone is defined on the virtual three-dimensional model as a real-time representation of the cooking zone, the real-time representation of the cooking zone being mapped onto the virtual zone to contain the real-time representation within the illustrated position of the cooking zone on the oven appliance, and wherein the control input is received at the virtual interface panel. 20. The user engagement system of claim 19, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises initiating illumination of an oven light source directed at the cooking zone. 21. The user engagement system of claim 19, wherein directing the oven appliance comprises adjusting a current cooking temperature of the cooking zone. | 3,700 |
343,402 | 16,802,826 | 3,792 | A dental prosthesis having a guide hole formed therein. The guide hole is configured to guide a drilling for a screw, and configured to receive the screw, holding the prosthesis in place when screwed into the bone of a patient. | 1. A dental prosthesis comprising:
a prosthesis body, the prosthesis being a replacement for a missing tooth, the body having a tooth-shape and formed to replicate the tooth of a patient and to be implanted into a mouth of the patient, the body comprising a top chewing face, a bottom implanting face, and side faces; wherein the body forms a guide hole from the top face to the bottom face, the guide hole forming a channel sized to guide a drill, and sized to closely receive a drill bit to prevent the drill bit from straying off a path guided by the guide hole during a drilling operation; a screw, the screw attached to the prosthesis body and the screw having a head engaged with a shoulder defined by the guide hole, and the screw extending beyond the bottom implanting face; and a filling within the guide hole closing an opening of the guide hole at the top chewing face. 2. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising a tab extending from one side face of the body, the tab configured to be adhered to an adjacent tooth. 3. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the screw is a self-drilling screw. 4. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of tabs, each tab extending from one side face of the body, each of the plurality of tabs being configured to be adhered to an adjacent tooth. 5. The dental prosthesis of claim 2 wherein the tab is adhered to the adjacent tooth, and wherein the body is mounted to a bone of the patient by a screw, the screw positioned at least partially in the guide hole. 6. A method of forming and installing the dental prosthesis of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
forming the dental prosthesis, the guide hole;
positioning the dental prosthesis in the implantation area of the patient; and
implanting a screw through the guide hole, the screw remaining partially in the guide hole. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of adhering a tab extending from the side face of the prosthesis to an adjacent tooth once the prosthesis has been positioned in the implantation area. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising removing the tab adhered to the adjacent tooth and the prosthesis after the screw has set in the bone. 9. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising a spacer key in contact with a bottom of the prosthesis 10. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the prosthesis body further comprises a second guide hole having a second screw engaged therein, the second screw having a head engaged with a shoulder defined by the second guide hole. 11. A method of fixedly implanting a dental prosthesis comprising the steps of:
setting a dental prosthesis in an implantation area of a patient, the dental prosthesis having a guide hole through its height, the dental prosthesis having a top chewing face and a bottom implanting face, with the guide hole extending between the top chewing face and bottom implanting face, the guide hole sized to allow the passage of a drill bit; and implanting a screw into a bone of a patient through the guide hole, the screw anchoring the prosthesis to the bone and remaining partially in the guide hole, the implanting step permanently holding the prosthesis fixedly in place; filling the guide hole with a filling once the screw is implanted, the filling closing an opening of the guide hole on the top chewing face. 12. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 12 wherein the step of forming the dental prosthesis comprises scanning a removed tooth of the patient using a computer; and
generating the prosthesis automatically using a computer controlled system based on the scanned removed tooth. 13. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 further comprising the step of adhering a tab extending from the side face of the prosthesis to an adjacent tooth once the prosthesis has been positioned in the implantation area. 14. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 14 removing the tab adhered to the adjacent tooth and the prosthesis after the screw has set in the bone. 15. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 further comprising a step of placing a spacer key beneath the prosthesis before the step of setting the dental prosthesis in the implantation area. 16. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 15 further comprising the step of removing the spacer key after the step of implanting the screw through the guide hole. 17. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 wherein the screw anchoring the prosthesis to the bone occurs by a head of the screw engaged with a shoulder defined by a narrow section of the guide hole. 18. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 wherein the prosthesis comprises a second guide hole, and comprising the step of implanting a second screw through the second guide hole, the second screw anchoring the prosthesis to the bone and remaining partially in the second guide hole. 19. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 18 further comprising the step of filling the second guide hole with a second filling once the second screw is implanted, the second filling closing a second opening of the second guide hole on the top chewing face. | A dental prosthesis having a guide hole formed therein. The guide hole is configured to guide a drilling for a screw, and configured to receive the screw, holding the prosthesis in place when screwed into the bone of a patient.1. A dental prosthesis comprising:
a prosthesis body, the prosthesis being a replacement for a missing tooth, the body having a tooth-shape and formed to replicate the tooth of a patient and to be implanted into a mouth of the patient, the body comprising a top chewing face, a bottom implanting face, and side faces; wherein the body forms a guide hole from the top face to the bottom face, the guide hole forming a channel sized to guide a drill, and sized to closely receive a drill bit to prevent the drill bit from straying off a path guided by the guide hole during a drilling operation; a screw, the screw attached to the prosthesis body and the screw having a head engaged with a shoulder defined by the guide hole, and the screw extending beyond the bottom implanting face; and a filling within the guide hole closing an opening of the guide hole at the top chewing face. 2. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising a tab extending from one side face of the body, the tab configured to be adhered to an adjacent tooth. 3. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the screw is a self-drilling screw. 4. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of tabs, each tab extending from one side face of the body, each of the plurality of tabs being configured to be adhered to an adjacent tooth. 5. The dental prosthesis of claim 2 wherein the tab is adhered to the adjacent tooth, and wherein the body is mounted to a bone of the patient by a screw, the screw positioned at least partially in the guide hole. 6. A method of forming and installing the dental prosthesis of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
forming the dental prosthesis, the guide hole;
positioning the dental prosthesis in the implantation area of the patient; and
implanting a screw through the guide hole, the screw remaining partially in the guide hole. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of adhering a tab extending from the side face of the prosthesis to an adjacent tooth once the prosthesis has been positioned in the implantation area. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising removing the tab adhered to the adjacent tooth and the prosthesis after the screw has set in the bone. 9. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 further comprising a spacer key in contact with a bottom of the prosthesis 10. The dental prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the prosthesis body further comprises a second guide hole having a second screw engaged therein, the second screw having a head engaged with a shoulder defined by the second guide hole. 11. A method of fixedly implanting a dental prosthesis comprising the steps of:
setting a dental prosthesis in an implantation area of a patient, the dental prosthesis having a guide hole through its height, the dental prosthesis having a top chewing face and a bottom implanting face, with the guide hole extending between the top chewing face and bottom implanting face, the guide hole sized to allow the passage of a drill bit; and implanting a screw into a bone of a patient through the guide hole, the screw anchoring the prosthesis to the bone and remaining partially in the guide hole, the implanting step permanently holding the prosthesis fixedly in place; filling the guide hole with a filling once the screw is implanted, the filling closing an opening of the guide hole on the top chewing face. 12. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 12 wherein the step of forming the dental prosthesis comprises scanning a removed tooth of the patient using a computer; and
generating the prosthesis automatically using a computer controlled system based on the scanned removed tooth. 13. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 further comprising the step of adhering a tab extending from the side face of the prosthesis to an adjacent tooth once the prosthesis has been positioned in the implantation area. 14. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 14 removing the tab adhered to the adjacent tooth and the prosthesis after the screw has set in the bone. 15. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 further comprising a step of placing a spacer key beneath the prosthesis before the step of setting the dental prosthesis in the implantation area. 16. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 15 further comprising the step of removing the spacer key after the step of implanting the screw through the guide hole. 17. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 wherein the screw anchoring the prosthesis to the bone occurs by a head of the screw engaged with a shoulder defined by a narrow section of the guide hole. 18. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 11 wherein the prosthesis comprises a second guide hole, and comprising the step of implanting a second screw through the second guide hole, the second screw anchoring the prosthesis to the bone and remaining partially in the second guide hole. 19. The method of implanting a dental prosthesis of claim 18 further comprising the step of filling the second guide hole with a second filling once the second screw is implanted, the second filling closing a second opening of the second guide hole on the top chewing face. | 3,700 |
343,403 | 16,802,789 | 3,792 | Systems, devices, and methods are described for generating dense depth estimates, and confidence values associated with such depth estimates, from image data. A machine learning algorithm can be trained using image data and associated depth values captured by one or more LIDAR sensors providing a ground truth. When the algorithm is deployed in a machine vision system, image data and/or depth data can be used to determine dense depth estimates for all pixels of the image data, as well as confidence values for each depth estimate. Such confidence values may be indicative of how confident the machine learned algorithm is of the associated depth estimate. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving image data captured by an image sensor;
inputting at least a portion of the image data to a machine learned algorithm;
receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a depth estimate associated with a pixel of the image data, the depth estimate indicative of a distance between a location associated with the image sensor and a surface represented by the pixel; and
receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a confidence value associated with the depth estimate. 22. The system of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
receiving depth data captured by a lidar sensor; and inputting the depth data to the machine learned model, wherein the depth estimate associated with the pixel is based at least in part on the depth data. 23. The system of claim 22, the operations further comprising:
receiving a depth value indicator indicating whether the depth data exists for the pixel, wherein the depth value indicator is based at least in part on a transformation of the depth data into a reference frame of the image data. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the depth data is a sparse data set relative to a number of pixels associated with the image data. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the machine learned model comprises a convolutional neural network trained based at least in part on:
training image data comprising a first plurality of data points; and ground truth data associated with the training image data, the ground truth data comprising a second plurality of data points, wherein the second plurality of data points comprises fewer data points than the first plurality of data points. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the image data, the training image data, or the ground truth data comprises simulated data. 27. The system of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining the depth estimate based at least in part on a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function; and determining the confidence value based at least in part on a sigmoid activation function. 28. A method comprising:
receiving image data captured by an image sensor; inputting at least a portion of the image data to a machine learned algorithm; receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a depth estimate associated with a pixel of the image data, the depth estimate indicative of a distance between a first point associated with the image sensor and a surface represented by the pixel; and receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a confidence value associated with the depth estimate. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
providing the depth estimate and the confidence value to at least one of a perception system or a planning system of a vehicle. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
receiving depth data from a lidar sensor; and inputting the depth data to the machine learned model, wherein the depth estimate associated with the pixel based at least in part on the depth data. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
receiving a depth value indicative of whether the depth data exists for the pixel, wherein the depth value is based at least in part on a transformation of the depth data into a reference frame of the image data. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the depth data is a sparse data set relative to a number of pixels associated with the image data. 33. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
determining depth estimates associated with a plurality of pixels; and determining a plurality of confidence values associated with the depth estimates. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein the algorithm is a machine learned algorithm trained based at least in part on:
training image data comprising a first plurality of data points; and ground truth data associated with the training image data, the ground truth data comprising a second plurality of data points. 35. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
determining the depth estimate based at least in part on a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function; and determining the confidence value based at least in part on a sigmoid activation function. 36. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions executable by a processor, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving image data captured by an image sensor; inputting at least a portion of the image data to a machine learned algorithm; receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a depth estimate associated with an image element of the image data, the depth estimate indicative of a distance between a first point associated with the image sensor and a surface represented by the image element; and receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a confidence value associated with the depth estimate. 37. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 36, the operations further comprising:
receiving depth data from a lidar sensor; and inputting the depth data to the machine learned model substantially simultaneously with the image element, wherein the depth estimate associated with the image element based at least in part on the depth data. 38. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 37, the operations further comprising:
determining a depth value indicative of whether the depth data exists for the image element, wherein the depth value indicator is based at least in part on a transformation of the depth data into a reference frame of the image data. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 37, wherein the depth data is a sparse data set relative to a number of image elements associated with the image data. 40. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 36, wherein the machine learned model comprises a convolutional neural network trained based at least in part on:
training image data comprising a first plurality of data points; and ground truth data associated with the training image data, the ground truth data comprising a second plurality of data points. | Systems, devices, and methods are described for generating dense depth estimates, and confidence values associated with such depth estimates, from image data. A machine learning algorithm can be trained using image data and associated depth values captured by one or more LIDAR sensors providing a ground truth. When the algorithm is deployed in a machine vision system, image data and/or depth data can be used to determine dense depth estimates for all pixels of the image data, as well as confidence values for each depth estimate. Such confidence values may be indicative of how confident the machine learned algorithm is of the associated depth estimate.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving image data captured by an image sensor;
inputting at least a portion of the image data to a machine learned algorithm;
receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a depth estimate associated with a pixel of the image data, the depth estimate indicative of a distance between a location associated with the image sensor and a surface represented by the pixel; and
receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a confidence value associated with the depth estimate. 22. The system of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
receiving depth data captured by a lidar sensor; and inputting the depth data to the machine learned model, wherein the depth estimate associated with the pixel is based at least in part on the depth data. 23. The system of claim 22, the operations further comprising:
receiving a depth value indicator indicating whether the depth data exists for the pixel, wherein the depth value indicator is based at least in part on a transformation of the depth data into a reference frame of the image data. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the depth data is a sparse data set relative to a number of pixels associated with the image data. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the machine learned model comprises a convolutional neural network trained based at least in part on:
training image data comprising a first plurality of data points; and ground truth data associated with the training image data, the ground truth data comprising a second plurality of data points, wherein the second plurality of data points comprises fewer data points than the first plurality of data points. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the image data, the training image data, or the ground truth data comprises simulated data. 27. The system of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining the depth estimate based at least in part on a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function; and determining the confidence value based at least in part on a sigmoid activation function. 28. A method comprising:
receiving image data captured by an image sensor; inputting at least a portion of the image data to a machine learned algorithm; receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a depth estimate associated with a pixel of the image data, the depth estimate indicative of a distance between a first point associated with the image sensor and a surface represented by the pixel; and receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a confidence value associated with the depth estimate. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
providing the depth estimate and the confidence value to at least one of a perception system or a planning system of a vehicle. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
receiving depth data from a lidar sensor; and inputting the depth data to the machine learned model, wherein the depth estimate associated with the pixel based at least in part on the depth data. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
receiving a depth value indicative of whether the depth data exists for the pixel, wherein the depth value is based at least in part on a transformation of the depth data into a reference frame of the image data. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the depth data is a sparse data set relative to a number of pixels associated with the image data. 33. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
determining depth estimates associated with a plurality of pixels; and determining a plurality of confidence values associated with the depth estimates. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein the algorithm is a machine learned algorithm trained based at least in part on:
training image data comprising a first plurality of data points; and ground truth data associated with the training image data, the ground truth data comprising a second plurality of data points. 35. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
determining the depth estimate based at least in part on a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function; and determining the confidence value based at least in part on a sigmoid activation function. 36. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions executable by a processor, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving image data captured by an image sensor; inputting at least a portion of the image data to a machine learned algorithm; receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a depth estimate associated with an image element of the image data, the depth estimate indicative of a distance between a first point associated with the image sensor and a surface represented by the image element; and receiving, from the machine learned algorithm, a confidence value associated with the depth estimate. 37. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 36, the operations further comprising:
receiving depth data from a lidar sensor; and inputting the depth data to the machine learned model substantially simultaneously with the image element, wherein the depth estimate associated with the image element based at least in part on the depth data. 38. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 37, the operations further comprising:
determining a depth value indicative of whether the depth data exists for the image element, wherein the depth value indicator is based at least in part on a transformation of the depth data into a reference frame of the image data. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 37, wherein the depth data is a sparse data set relative to a number of image elements associated with the image data. 40. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 36, wherein the machine learned model comprises a convolutional neural network trained based at least in part on:
training image data comprising a first plurality of data points; and ground truth data associated with the training image data, the ground truth data comprising a second plurality of data points. | 3,700 |
343,404 | 16,802,852 | 3,792 | The optical fibre ribbon provided by the present disclosure includes a plurality of optical fibres and a matrix material. In addition, each of the plurality of optical fibres is arranged in a linear array in the optical fibre ribbon. Further, each of the plurality of optical fibres includes a core and a cladding. Furthermore, the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon acts as a covering for the plurality of optical fibres. Furthermore, the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon is characterised by thickness. | 1. A method of manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the matrix material is applied throughout circumference of each of the plurality of optical fibres in a corrugated shape, wherein the matrix material has thickness in range of 5 microns to 20 microns. 2. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres has a diameter in range of about 200 micron to 250 micron. 3. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has height of about 210 microns-290 microns. 4. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical fibres touch each other, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres comprises a first point of overlapping and a second point of overlapping of matrix material, wherein the first point of overlapping and the second point of overlapping of matrix material makes an angle (φ) with a horizontal axis (x) from centre of each of the plurality of optical fibres, wherein the angle (φ) has value in range of about 15 degrees to 35 degrees, wherein value of the angle (φ) depends on thickness of the matrix material, wherein the thickness of matrix material applied in between the overlapping sections of the plurality of optical fibres is different than the given range of thickness (5 micron-20 micron) of the matrix material. 5. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material has shape similar to shape of the plurality of optical fibres. 6. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon. 7. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is an adhesive material. 8. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is made up of UV-acrylate resin material. 9. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has width of about 2.5 millimetre-3.2 millimetre corresponding to 12 optical fibres, wherein each optical fibre has diameter of about 200 micron. 10. A method of manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the matrix material is applied throughout circumference of each of the plurality of optical fibres in a corrugated shape, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has height of about 210 microns-290 microns. 11. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres has a diameter in range of about 200 micron to 250 micron. 12. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material has thickness in range of 5 microns to 20 microns. 13. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material has shape similar to shape of the plurality of optical fibres. 14. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon. 15. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material is an adhesive material. 16. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material is made up of UV-acrylate resin material. 17. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has width of about 2.5 millimetre-3.2 millimetre corresponding to 12 optical fibres, wherein each optical fibre has diameter of about 200 micron. | The optical fibre ribbon provided by the present disclosure includes a plurality of optical fibres and a matrix material. In addition, each of the plurality of optical fibres is arranged in a linear array in the optical fibre ribbon. Further, each of the plurality of optical fibres includes a core and a cladding. Furthermore, the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon acts as a covering for the plurality of optical fibres. Furthermore, the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon is characterised by thickness.1. A method of manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the matrix material is applied throughout circumference of each of the plurality of optical fibres in a corrugated shape, wherein the matrix material has thickness in range of 5 microns to 20 microns. 2. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres has a diameter in range of about 200 micron to 250 micron. 3. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has height of about 210 microns-290 microns. 4. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical fibres touch each other, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres comprises a first point of overlapping and a second point of overlapping of matrix material, wherein the first point of overlapping and the second point of overlapping of matrix material makes an angle (φ) with a horizontal axis (x) from centre of each of the plurality of optical fibres, wherein the angle (φ) has value in range of about 15 degrees to 35 degrees, wherein value of the angle (φ) depends on thickness of the matrix material, wherein the thickness of matrix material applied in between the overlapping sections of the plurality of optical fibres is different than the given range of thickness (5 micron-20 micron) of the matrix material. 5. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material has shape similar to shape of the plurality of optical fibres. 6. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon. 7. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is an adhesive material. 8. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is made up of UV-acrylate resin material. 9. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has width of about 2.5 millimetre-3.2 millimetre corresponding to 12 optical fibres, wherein each optical fibre has diameter of about 200 micron. 10. A method of manufacturing an optical fibre ribbon comprising:
applying a matrix material along a longitudinal length of a plurality of optical fibres, wherein the matrix material is applied throughout circumference of each of the plurality of optical fibres in a corrugated shape, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has height of about 210 microns-290 microns. 11. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres has a diameter in range of about 200 micron to 250 micron. 12. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material has thickness in range of 5 microns to 20 microns. 13. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material has shape similar to shape of the plurality of optical fibres. 14. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material may not occupy shape of the optical fibre ribbon. 15. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material is an adhesive material. 16. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the matrix material is made up of UV-acrylate resin material. 17. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 10, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has width of about 2.5 millimetre-3.2 millimetre corresponding to 12 optical fibres, wherein each optical fibre has diameter of about 200 micron. | 3,700 |
343,405 | 16,802,805 | 1,648 | The present invention relates to an improved filovirus vaccine comprising a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based (MVA-based) vaccine against filovirus infection and to related products, methods and uses. Specifically, the present invention relates to genetically engineered (recombinant) MVA and FPV vectors comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding an antigenic determinant of a Marburg virus (MARV) or Ebola virus glycoprotein. Specifically, the invention relates to recombinant MVA comprising Ebola virus glycoprotein and virion protein 40. The invention also relates to products, methods and uses thereof as well as prime/boost regimens of MVA and genetically engineered (recombinant) FPV, e.g., suitable to induce a protective immune response in a subject. | 1. A recombinant MVA vector comprising a first nucleic acid encoding at least one immunogenic protein of a MARV envelope glycoprotein (GP); a second nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein of Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) envelope glycoprotein; a third nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein of Sudan Ebola virus (SEBOV) envelope glycoprotein; and a fourth nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein of Ebola virus Ivory Coast nucleoprotein. 2. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the MARV envelope glycoprotein is full-length MARV-Musoke envelope glycoprotein. 3. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the first nucleic acid encodes an immunogenic protein comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. 4. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 3, wherein the first nucleic acid comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5. 5. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1 that comprises a nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein having a sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:37. 6. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1 that comprises a nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:29, or SEQ ID NO:31. 7. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 6, wherein said nucleic acid comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:28, or SEQ ID NO:30. 8. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the administration provides protective immunity or a protective immune response in the subject. 9. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the recombinant MVA vector comprises at least one nucleic acid encoding the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:29, and SEQ ID NO:31. 10. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1 further comprising a nucleic acid encoding CD40L. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the CD40L comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:10. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid encoding CD40L comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9. | The present invention relates to an improved filovirus vaccine comprising a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based (MVA-based) vaccine against filovirus infection and to related products, methods and uses. Specifically, the present invention relates to genetically engineered (recombinant) MVA and FPV vectors comprising at least one heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding an antigenic determinant of a Marburg virus (MARV) or Ebola virus glycoprotein. Specifically, the invention relates to recombinant MVA comprising Ebola virus glycoprotein and virion protein 40. The invention also relates to products, methods and uses thereof as well as prime/boost regimens of MVA and genetically engineered (recombinant) FPV, e.g., suitable to induce a protective immune response in a subject.1. A recombinant MVA vector comprising a first nucleic acid encoding at least one immunogenic protein of a MARV envelope glycoprotein (GP); a second nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein of Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) envelope glycoprotein; a third nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein of Sudan Ebola virus (SEBOV) envelope glycoprotein; and a fourth nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein of Ebola virus Ivory Coast nucleoprotein. 2. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the MARV envelope glycoprotein is full-length MARV-Musoke envelope glycoprotein. 3. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the first nucleic acid encodes an immunogenic protein comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. 4. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 3, wherein the first nucleic acid comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5. 5. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1 that comprises a nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein having a sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:37. 6. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1 that comprises a nucleic acid encoding an immunogenic protein comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:29, or SEQ ID NO:31. 7. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 6, wherein said nucleic acid comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:28, or SEQ ID NO:30. 8. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the administration provides protective immunity or a protective immune response in the subject. 9. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1, wherein the recombinant MVA vector comprises at least one nucleic acid encoding the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:29, and SEQ ID NO:31. 10. The recombinant MVA vector of claim 1 further comprising a nucleic acid encoding CD40L. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the CD40L comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:10. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid encoding CD40L comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9. | 1,600 |
343,406 | 16,802,850 | 1,648 | A robotic rod bender is disclosed. The robotic rod bender includes an autoclavable top assembly that includes a rod feeding subassembly, a brake subassembly, and a bending subassembly. The rod bending subassembly, the bending subassembly, and the brake assembly are disposed on a top plate. The robotic rod bender also includes a motor housing that includes one or more motors, a spline shaft, and a linear actuated elevator assembly. The linear actuated elevator assembly includes a linear actuator, a movable plate, and a mid-plate. The spine shaft extends from the moveable plate. The autoclavable top assembly is removably disposed atop the mid-plate. | 1. A robotic rod bender comprising:
an autoclavable top assembly comprising a rod feeding subassembly configured to feed a surgical rod, a brake subassembly configured to receive the rod from the rod feeding subassembly and fix the surgical rod in place, and a bending subassembly configured to bend the surgical rod while the surgical rod is fixed in place by the brake subassembly; wherein the rod bending subassembly, the bending subassembly, and the brake subassembly are disposed on a top plate; and a motor housing comprising one or more motors configured to drive the autoclavable top assembly, a spline shaft, and a linear actuated elevator assembly, wherein the linear actuator elevator assembly comprises a linear actuator, a movable plate driven by the movable plate, and a mid-plate above movable plate, wherein the spline shaft extends from the moveable plate and wherein at least one of the motors is connected to the moveable plate; wherein the autoclavable top assembly is disposed atop the mid-plate; and wherein the linear actuated elevator assembly provides automatic positioning of one or more components of the motor housing with the autoclavable top assembly. 2. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein linear actuator elevator assembly further comprises a cam assembly, the cam assembly comprising a cam, a roller, and a cam engagement bar, wherein the roller is connected to the movable plate, and wherein the cam engagement bar is connected to the top plate. 3. The robotic rod bender of claim 2 wherein the linear actuator is removably attached to the movable plate, wherein the linear actuator is configured to lift the moveable plate upward along the longitudinal axis, wherein the roller is configured to move in conjunction with the movable plate, and wherein the roller is configured to contact and rotate the cam, thereby causing the cam to engage with and lock onto the cam engagement bar, and wherein the roller is configured to continue to move in a straight line along the longitudinal axis, wherein the roller facilitates automatic piercing of a drape and engaging the spline shaft. 4. The robotic rod bender of claim 3 wherein the automatic positioning of the motor housing with the autoclavable top assembly comprises alignment of the autoclavable top assembly with respect to the motor housing. 5. The robotic rod bender of claim 2 wherein the cam has a first configuration, wherein the first configuration is a ground position. 6. The robotic rod bender of claim 5 wherein the cam has a second configuration, wherein the cam locks onto the cam engagement bar. 7. The robotic rod bender of claim 6 wherein the cam has a third configuration, wherein the roller moves along the longitudinal axis to facilitate engagement with the spline shaft. 8. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein linear actuator elevator assembly further comprises at least one pair of linear rails positioned in parallel alignment with one another, wherein the linear rails are disposed along the longitudinal axis of the motor housing, wherein the linear rails are configured to facilitate movement of the motor housing in an upward and downward direction. 9. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein the spline shaft engages with the mid-plate. 10. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein the linear actuator is activated with a switch. 11. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein the top plate is coupled to the mid-plate with a kinematic mount. 12. A motor housing for a robotic rod bender comprising:
a motor; a spline shaft; a linear actuated elevator assembly comprising:
a mid-plate;
a movable plate below the mid-plate, wherein the motor is connected to the moveable plate, and wherein the spline shaft extends from the moveable plate;
a cam assembly comprising a cam, a roller, and a cam engagement bar, wherein the roller is connected to the movable pate, wherein the cam engagement bar is connected to a top plate, wherein the roller is configured to move in conjunction with the movable plate, wherein the roller is further configured to contact and rotate the cam, thereby causing the cam to engage with and lock onto the cam engagement bar, and wherein the roller is further configured to continue to move in a straight line along the longitudinal axis, and wherein the roller facilitates automatic piercing of a drape and engaging the spline shaft through the mid-plate,
at least one pair of linear rails positioned in parallel alignment with one another, wherein the linear rails are disposed along the longitudinal axis of the motor housing, wherein the linear rails are configured to facilitate movement of the moveable plate in an upward and a downward direction; and
a linear actuator removably attached to the movable plate, wherein activation of the linear actuator is configured to lift the movable plate upward along the longitudinal axis. 13. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the spline shaft comprises a central projection that engages with the mid-plate. 14. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the linear actuator is activated with a switch. 15. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the top plate is coupled to the mid-plate with a kinematic mount. 16. The motor housing of claim 13 wherein the cam has a first configuration, wherein the first configuration is a ground position. 17. The motor housing of claim 16 wherein the cam has a second configuration, wherein the cam locks onto the cam engagement bar. 18. The motor housing of claim 17 wherein the cam has a third configuration, wherein the roller moves along the longitudinal axis to facilitate engagement with the spline shaft. 19. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the moveable plate is positionable to align one or more components of the motor housing with respect to the autoclavable top assembly. 20. The motor housing of claim 19 wherein the motor housing is configured for clamped engagement with the autoclavable top assembly. | A robotic rod bender is disclosed. The robotic rod bender includes an autoclavable top assembly that includes a rod feeding subassembly, a brake subassembly, and a bending subassembly. The rod bending subassembly, the bending subassembly, and the brake assembly are disposed on a top plate. The robotic rod bender also includes a motor housing that includes one or more motors, a spline shaft, and a linear actuated elevator assembly. The linear actuated elevator assembly includes a linear actuator, a movable plate, and a mid-plate. The spine shaft extends from the moveable plate. The autoclavable top assembly is removably disposed atop the mid-plate.1. A robotic rod bender comprising:
an autoclavable top assembly comprising a rod feeding subassembly configured to feed a surgical rod, a brake subassembly configured to receive the rod from the rod feeding subassembly and fix the surgical rod in place, and a bending subassembly configured to bend the surgical rod while the surgical rod is fixed in place by the brake subassembly; wherein the rod bending subassembly, the bending subassembly, and the brake subassembly are disposed on a top plate; and a motor housing comprising one or more motors configured to drive the autoclavable top assembly, a spline shaft, and a linear actuated elevator assembly, wherein the linear actuator elevator assembly comprises a linear actuator, a movable plate driven by the movable plate, and a mid-plate above movable plate, wherein the spline shaft extends from the moveable plate and wherein at least one of the motors is connected to the moveable plate; wherein the autoclavable top assembly is disposed atop the mid-plate; and wherein the linear actuated elevator assembly provides automatic positioning of one or more components of the motor housing with the autoclavable top assembly. 2. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein linear actuator elevator assembly further comprises a cam assembly, the cam assembly comprising a cam, a roller, and a cam engagement bar, wherein the roller is connected to the movable plate, and wherein the cam engagement bar is connected to the top plate. 3. The robotic rod bender of claim 2 wherein the linear actuator is removably attached to the movable plate, wherein the linear actuator is configured to lift the moveable plate upward along the longitudinal axis, wherein the roller is configured to move in conjunction with the movable plate, and wherein the roller is configured to contact and rotate the cam, thereby causing the cam to engage with and lock onto the cam engagement bar, and wherein the roller is configured to continue to move in a straight line along the longitudinal axis, wherein the roller facilitates automatic piercing of a drape and engaging the spline shaft. 4. The robotic rod bender of claim 3 wherein the automatic positioning of the motor housing with the autoclavable top assembly comprises alignment of the autoclavable top assembly with respect to the motor housing. 5. The robotic rod bender of claim 2 wherein the cam has a first configuration, wherein the first configuration is a ground position. 6. The robotic rod bender of claim 5 wherein the cam has a second configuration, wherein the cam locks onto the cam engagement bar. 7. The robotic rod bender of claim 6 wherein the cam has a third configuration, wherein the roller moves along the longitudinal axis to facilitate engagement with the spline shaft. 8. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein linear actuator elevator assembly further comprises at least one pair of linear rails positioned in parallel alignment with one another, wherein the linear rails are disposed along the longitudinal axis of the motor housing, wherein the linear rails are configured to facilitate movement of the motor housing in an upward and downward direction. 9. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein the spline shaft engages with the mid-plate. 10. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein the linear actuator is activated with a switch. 11. The robotic rod bender of claim 1 wherein the top plate is coupled to the mid-plate with a kinematic mount. 12. A motor housing for a robotic rod bender comprising:
a motor; a spline shaft; a linear actuated elevator assembly comprising:
a mid-plate;
a movable plate below the mid-plate, wherein the motor is connected to the moveable plate, and wherein the spline shaft extends from the moveable plate;
a cam assembly comprising a cam, a roller, and a cam engagement bar, wherein the roller is connected to the movable pate, wherein the cam engagement bar is connected to a top plate, wherein the roller is configured to move in conjunction with the movable plate, wherein the roller is further configured to contact and rotate the cam, thereby causing the cam to engage with and lock onto the cam engagement bar, and wherein the roller is further configured to continue to move in a straight line along the longitudinal axis, and wherein the roller facilitates automatic piercing of a drape and engaging the spline shaft through the mid-plate,
at least one pair of linear rails positioned in parallel alignment with one another, wherein the linear rails are disposed along the longitudinal axis of the motor housing, wherein the linear rails are configured to facilitate movement of the moveable plate in an upward and a downward direction; and
a linear actuator removably attached to the movable plate, wherein activation of the linear actuator is configured to lift the movable plate upward along the longitudinal axis. 13. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the spline shaft comprises a central projection that engages with the mid-plate. 14. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the linear actuator is activated with a switch. 15. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the top plate is coupled to the mid-plate with a kinematic mount. 16. The motor housing of claim 13 wherein the cam has a first configuration, wherein the first configuration is a ground position. 17. The motor housing of claim 16 wherein the cam has a second configuration, wherein the cam locks onto the cam engagement bar. 18. The motor housing of claim 17 wherein the cam has a third configuration, wherein the roller moves along the longitudinal axis to facilitate engagement with the spline shaft. 19. The motor housing of claim 12 wherein the moveable plate is positionable to align one or more components of the motor housing with respect to the autoclavable top assembly. 20. The motor housing of claim 19 wherein the motor housing is configured for clamped engagement with the autoclavable top assembly. | 1,600 |
343,407 | 16,802,847 | 1,648 | A method and an apparatus for verifying maintenance of authentication in a terminal supporting a low power mode is provided. The method includes transmitting a broadcast packet or a multicast packet within a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) and then, receiving retransmission packet from a wireless network apparatus with respect to the respective packets, verifying whether authentication is maintained, and thereby verifying deauthentication with the wireless network apparatus in a shortest time. Through this present disclosure, the efficiency of the wireless communication service can be maximized. | 1. A terminal, comprising:
a communication unit configured to transmit, to a wireless network apparatus, an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released; a reception verification unit configured to verify whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and a controller configured to determine whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and perform a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 2. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a power management unit configured to control an operation of the terminal to either a low power mode or an active mode, and wherein the power management unit switches the terminal from the low power mode to the active mode at every preset transmission period of the authentication verification packet. 3. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication unit transmits at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet as the authentication verification packet. 4. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet. 5. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether the retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet received from another terminal by the wireless network apparatus is received from the wireless network apparatus. 6. The terminal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the another terminal is any one terminal from among terminals on a same network maintaining a data link with the wireless network apparatus. 7. A method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal, the method comprising:
transmitting an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with a wireless network apparatus is released; verifying whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and determining whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and performing a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 8. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the transmitting, at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet is sent as the authentication verification packet. 9. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the verifying, whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet is verified. | A method and an apparatus for verifying maintenance of authentication in a terminal supporting a low power mode is provided. The method includes transmitting a broadcast packet or a multicast packet within a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) and then, receiving retransmission packet from a wireless network apparatus with respect to the respective packets, verifying whether authentication is maintained, and thereby verifying deauthentication with the wireless network apparatus in a shortest time. Through this present disclosure, the efficiency of the wireless communication service can be maximized.1. A terminal, comprising:
a communication unit configured to transmit, to a wireless network apparatus, an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released; a reception verification unit configured to verify whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and a controller configured to determine whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and perform a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 2. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a power management unit configured to control an operation of the terminal to either a low power mode or an active mode, and wherein the power management unit switches the terminal from the low power mode to the active mode at every preset transmission period of the authentication verification packet. 3. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication unit transmits at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet as the authentication verification packet. 4. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet. 5. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether the retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet received from another terminal by the wireless network apparatus is received from the wireless network apparatus. 6. The terminal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the another terminal is any one terminal from among terminals on a same network maintaining a data link with the wireless network apparatus. 7. A method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal, the method comprising:
transmitting an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with a wireless network apparatus is released; verifying whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and determining whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and performing a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 8. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the transmitting, at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet is sent as the authentication verification packet. 9. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the verifying, whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet is verified. | 1,600 |
343,408 | 16,802,843 | 1,648 | A method and an apparatus for verifying maintenance of authentication in a terminal supporting a low power mode is provided. The method includes transmitting a broadcast packet or a multicast packet within a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) and then, receiving retransmission packet from a wireless network apparatus with respect to the respective packets, verifying whether authentication is maintained, and thereby verifying deauthentication with the wireless network apparatus in a shortest time. Through this present disclosure, the efficiency of the wireless communication service can be maximized. | 1. A terminal, comprising:
a communication unit configured to transmit, to a wireless network apparatus, an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released; a reception verification unit configured to verify whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and a controller configured to determine whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and perform a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 2. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a power management unit configured to control an operation of the terminal to either a low power mode or an active mode, and wherein the power management unit switches the terminal from the low power mode to the active mode at every preset transmission period of the authentication verification packet. 3. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication unit transmits at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet as the authentication verification packet. 4. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet. 5. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether the retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet received from another terminal by the wireless network apparatus is received from the wireless network apparatus. 6. The terminal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the another terminal is any one terminal from among terminals on a same network maintaining a data link with the wireless network apparatus. 7. A method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal, the method comprising:
transmitting an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with a wireless network apparatus is released; verifying whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and determining whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and performing a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 8. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the transmitting, at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet is sent as the authentication verification packet. 9. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the verifying, whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet is verified. | A method and an apparatus for verifying maintenance of authentication in a terminal supporting a low power mode is provided. The method includes transmitting a broadcast packet or a multicast packet within a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) and then, receiving retransmission packet from a wireless network apparatus with respect to the respective packets, verifying whether authentication is maintained, and thereby verifying deauthentication with the wireless network apparatus in a shortest time. Through this present disclosure, the efficiency of the wireless communication service can be maximized.1. A terminal, comprising:
a communication unit configured to transmit, to a wireless network apparatus, an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released; a reception verification unit configured to verify whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and a controller configured to determine whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and perform a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 2. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a power management unit configured to control an operation of the terminal to either a low power mode or an active mode, and wherein the power management unit switches the terminal from the low power mode to the active mode at every preset transmission period of the authentication verification packet. 3. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication unit transmits at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet as the authentication verification packet. 4. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet. 5. The terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reception verification unit verifies whether the retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet received from another terminal by the wireless network apparatus is received from the wireless network apparatus. 6. The terminal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the another terminal is any one terminal from among terminals on a same network maintaining a data link with the wireless network apparatus. 7. A method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal, the method comprising:
transmitting an authentication verification packet for verifying whether authentication with a wireless network apparatus is released; verifying whether a retransmission packet which is sent in response to the authentication verification packet from the wireless network apparatus is received; and determining whether the authentication with the wireless network apparatus is released based on whether the retransmission packet is received or not, and performing a procedure of reconnection with the wireless network apparatus based on a result of the determination. 8. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the transmitting, at least one of a broadcast packet and a multicast packet is sent as the authentication verification packet. 9. The method for verifying maintenance of authentication of a terminal as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the verifying, whether a same packet as the authentication verification packet is received from the wireless network apparatus as the retransmission packet is verified. | 1,600 |
343,409 | 16,802,830 | 3,612 | A urethane and graphene interior trim panel is provided. In another aspect, the interior trim panel may be an automotive vehicle instrument panel, airbag cover, door trim panel, center console, knee bolster, seat mechanism cover, pillar cover or the like. A further aspect includes a graphene infused thermoplastic polyurethane compound and more particularly a TPU-graphene composition or mixture which can be ground, molded and then used in vehicle interior applications. | 1. A vehicular interior trim panel comprising an outer skin comprising 80-97 wt. percent of urethane and 1-20 wt. percent of graphene. 2. The panel of claim 1, further comprising 2-4 wt. percent of at least one of: compatibilizers and stabilizers. 3. The panel of claim 1, wherein the graphene includes 6-10 layers at least prior to melting and is exfoliated into the urethane, which is a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. 4. The panel of claim 1, wherein the graphene includes powdered nanoparticles intermixed throughout the urethane. 5. The panel of claim 1, further comprising a rigid polymeric substrate and a soft open cell foam located between a portion of the skin and the substrate. 6. The panel of claim 1, wherein the skin remains intact at an airbag door, other than at a frangible tear seam, and no skin fragmentation occurs from an airbag deployment at −30° C. 7. The panel of claim 1, wherein:
elongation of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; tensile strength of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; and tear strength at a tear seam in the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours. 8. The panel of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: a light and UV stabilizer, being mixed with the urethane and the graphene prior to rotational casting or slush molding of the skin. 9. The panel of claim 1, further comprising at least one compatibilizer of: a maleic anhydride and ethyl vinyl acetate, being mixed with the urethane and the graphene prior to rotational casting or slush molding of the skin. 10. The panel of claim 1, wherein an Angle of Repose value is 26-34°. 11. The panel of claim 1, wherein EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. 12. The panel of claim 1, wherein an airbag tear seam remains partially severed on a backside surface of the skin and self-healing of the skin at the tear seam does not occur after initial scoring of the tear seam. 13. The panel of claim 1, wherein the vehicular interior trim panel is an impact absorbing panel with the skin being soft, and the panel is attachable to one of: (a) a wheeled automotive land vehicle, (b) a train car, (c) an airplane, and (d) a watercraft. 14. A vehicular interior trim panel comprising:
a flexible and EMI shielding outer skin comprising thermoplastic polyurethane and 1-20 wt. percent of graphene; an inner polymeric substrate being more rigid than the skin; and a flexible foam located between and attaching sections of the skin to the substrate. 15. The panel of claim 14, further comprising 2-4 wt. percent of at least one of: compatibilizers and stabilizers. 16. The panel of claim 14, further comprising at least one compatibilizers of: maleic anhydride and ethyl vinyl acetate, being mixed with the urethane and graphene. 17. The panel of claim 14, wherein an Angle of Repose of the skin is 26-34°. 18. The panel of claim 14, wherein EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. 19. The panel of claim 14, wherein an airbag tear seam remains partially severed on a backside surface of the skin and self-healing of the skin at the tear seam does not occur after initial scoring of the tear seam. 20. An instrument panel comprising:
an outer skin comprising urethane and graphene; an inner substrate being more rigid than the skin; a flexible foam located between and attaching sections of the skin to the substrate; and a frangible airbag tear seam partially severing a backside surface of the skin; the instrument panel being a wheeled automotive land vehicle instrument panel. 21. The panel of claim 20, wherein EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. 22. The panel of claim 21, wherein:
elongation of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; tensile strength of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; and tear strength at a tear seam in the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours. 23. The panel of claim 20, wherein:
the substrate is polymeric; the graphene is 1-20 wt. percent of a total composition used to make the skin; and the urethane is a thermoplastic polyurethane. 24. A method of manufacturing comprising:
(a) mixing TPU with graphene; (b) melt extruding the TPU and graphene mixture; (c) adding at least one of: stabilizers and compatibilizers, to the TPU; (d) creating pellets of the graphene infused TPU mixture; (e) grinding the pellets; (f) placing the ground pellets into a mold; and (g) rotating the mold to create a flexible skin of a vehicular panel which has EMI shielding properties. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising exfoliating layers of the graphene in the TPU at 180-220° C. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
injection molding a substrate; and injecting pliable foam between portions of the skin and the substrate. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
scoring a tear seam in a backside surface of the skin; using 80-97 wt. percent of the TPU in the skin; using 1-20 wt. percent of the graphene in the skin; and using 2-4 wt. percent compatibilizers and/or stabilizers in the skin. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the graphene comprises nanoparticles having 6-10 layers in their raw form. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein there is no skin fragmentation from an airbag deployment at −30° C. 30. The method of claim 24, wherein elongation of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. | A urethane and graphene interior trim panel is provided. In another aspect, the interior trim panel may be an automotive vehicle instrument panel, airbag cover, door trim panel, center console, knee bolster, seat mechanism cover, pillar cover or the like. A further aspect includes a graphene infused thermoplastic polyurethane compound and more particularly a TPU-graphene composition or mixture which can be ground, molded and then used in vehicle interior applications.1. A vehicular interior trim panel comprising an outer skin comprising 80-97 wt. percent of urethane and 1-20 wt. percent of graphene. 2. The panel of claim 1, further comprising 2-4 wt. percent of at least one of: compatibilizers and stabilizers. 3. The panel of claim 1, wherein the graphene includes 6-10 layers at least prior to melting and is exfoliated into the urethane, which is a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. 4. The panel of claim 1, wherein the graphene includes powdered nanoparticles intermixed throughout the urethane. 5. The panel of claim 1, further comprising a rigid polymeric substrate and a soft open cell foam located between a portion of the skin and the substrate. 6. The panel of claim 1, wherein the skin remains intact at an airbag door, other than at a frangible tear seam, and no skin fragmentation occurs from an airbag deployment at −30° C. 7. The panel of claim 1, wherein:
elongation of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; tensile strength of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; and tear strength at a tear seam in the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours. 8. The panel of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: a light and UV stabilizer, being mixed with the urethane and the graphene prior to rotational casting or slush molding of the skin. 9. The panel of claim 1, further comprising at least one compatibilizer of: a maleic anhydride and ethyl vinyl acetate, being mixed with the urethane and the graphene prior to rotational casting or slush molding of the skin. 10. The panel of claim 1, wherein an Angle of Repose value is 26-34°. 11. The panel of claim 1, wherein EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. 12. The panel of claim 1, wherein an airbag tear seam remains partially severed on a backside surface of the skin and self-healing of the skin at the tear seam does not occur after initial scoring of the tear seam. 13. The panel of claim 1, wherein the vehicular interior trim panel is an impact absorbing panel with the skin being soft, and the panel is attachable to one of: (a) a wheeled automotive land vehicle, (b) a train car, (c) an airplane, and (d) a watercraft. 14. A vehicular interior trim panel comprising:
a flexible and EMI shielding outer skin comprising thermoplastic polyurethane and 1-20 wt. percent of graphene; an inner polymeric substrate being more rigid than the skin; and a flexible foam located between and attaching sections of the skin to the substrate. 15. The panel of claim 14, further comprising 2-4 wt. percent of at least one of: compatibilizers and stabilizers. 16. The panel of claim 14, further comprising at least one compatibilizers of: maleic anhydride and ethyl vinyl acetate, being mixed with the urethane and graphene. 17. The panel of claim 14, wherein an Angle of Repose of the skin is 26-34°. 18. The panel of claim 14, wherein EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. 19. The panel of claim 14, wherein an airbag tear seam remains partially severed on a backside surface of the skin and self-healing of the skin at the tear seam does not occur after initial scoring of the tear seam. 20. An instrument panel comprising:
an outer skin comprising urethane and graphene; an inner substrate being more rigid than the skin; a flexible foam located between and attaching sections of the skin to the substrate; and a frangible airbag tear seam partially severing a backside surface of the skin; the instrument panel being a wheeled automotive land vehicle instrument panel. 21. The panel of claim 20, wherein EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. 22. The panel of claim 21, wherein:
elongation of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; tensile strength of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours; and tear strength at a tear seam in the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours. 23. The panel of claim 20, wherein:
the substrate is polymeric; the graphene is 1-20 wt. percent of a total composition used to make the skin; and the urethane is a thermoplastic polyurethane. 24. A method of manufacturing comprising:
(a) mixing TPU with graphene; (b) melt extruding the TPU and graphene mixture; (c) adding at least one of: stabilizers and compatibilizers, to the TPU; (d) creating pellets of the graphene infused TPU mixture; (e) grinding the pellets; (f) placing the ground pellets into a mold; and (g) rotating the mold to create a flexible skin of a vehicular panel which has EMI shielding properties. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising exfoliating layers of the graphene in the TPU at 180-220° C. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
injection molding a substrate; and injecting pliable foam between portions of the skin and the substrate. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
scoring a tear seam in a backside surface of the skin; using 80-97 wt. percent of the TPU in the skin; using 1-20 wt. percent of the graphene in the skin; and using 2-4 wt. percent compatibilizers and/or stabilizers in the skin. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the graphene comprises nanoparticles having 6-10 layers in their raw form. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein there is no skin fragmentation from an airbag deployment at −30° C. 30. The method of claim 24, wherein elongation of the skin does not change by more than 30% after heat ageing at 120° C. for 500 hours. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the EMI shielding effectiveness of the skin is 5-10 dB. | 3,600 |
343,410 | 16,802,817 | 3,612 | A system is disclosed for controlling the disgorging of objects. The system includes a container system including a container for containing objects, rotation means for rotating the container to a disgorgement angle, and movement means for moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the container system such that the objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. | 1. A system for controlling the disgorging of objects, said system comprising:
a container system including a container for containing objects; rotation means for rotating the container to a disgorgement angle; and movement means for moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the container system such that said objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. 2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container of the container system is moved in the repetitious manner by the movement means. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container system includes a chute that is moved in the repetitious manner by the movement means. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container system includes a flap that extends down from an upper portion of the container when the container is at the disgorgement angle. 5. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flap is spring biased to be in a closed position, acting to restrain some objects within the container until the objects are closer to a floor of the container. 6. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flap is a multi-part flap such that a lower portion of the flap is less restricting of objects pushing through the flap than is an upper portion of the flap. 7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objects are non-homogeneous. 8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the objects vary in size by at least 1000%. 9. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the objects vary in volume from about 9 cubic inches to about 9 cubic feet. 10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objects vary in weight by at least 500%. 11. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objects vary in weight from about 5 ounces to about 20 lbs. 12. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disgorgement angle is no greater than an incipient angle at which at least one object in the container overcomes a force of friction between the object and the container and begins to move. 13. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the disgorgement angle is equal to the incipient angle. 14. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the disgorgement angle is within 20 degrees of the incipient angle. 15. The system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the disgorgement angle is within 10 degrees of the incipient angle. 16. The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the disgorgement angle is within 5 degrees of the incipient angle. 17. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system further includes determination means for determining the disgorgement angle 18. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with sensors that determine when at least one object in the container begins to slide due to gravity. 19. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with a machine learning system that stores information regarding different disgorgement angles and different characteristics of containers of objects. 20. The system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the different characteristics include any of weight of the plurality of objects in the container, and estimated sizes, volumes, and shapes of objects within the plurality of objects in the container. 21. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement means includes linkage bars and rotary motor that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 22. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement means includes a linear actuator and a spring that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 23. The system as claimed in claim 22, wherein the spring is tunable to provide variable stiffness. 24. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement means includes a mechanical system wherein the movement in the repetitious manner is at or near a resonant frequency of the mechanical system. 25. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement in a repetitious manner is provided as a cyclical motion with non-balanced duty cycle. 26. A system for controlling the disgorging of objects from a container, said system comprising:
a container receiving system for receiving the container of objects at a lift and rotate mechanism, said lift and rotate mechanism being adapted to lift the container and to rotate the container to a disgorgement angle; and movement means for moving at least a portion of the lift and rotate mechanism in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the lift and rotate mechanism such that objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. 27. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system further includes determination means for determining the disgorgement angle. 28. The system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the disgorgement angle is no greater than an incipient angle at which at least one object in the container overcomes a force of friction between the object and the container and begins to move. 29. The system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with sensors that determine when at least one object in the container begins to slide due to gravity. 30. The system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with a machine learning system that stores information regarding different disgorgement angles and different characteristics of containers of objects. 31. The system as claimed in claim 30, wherein the different characteristics include any of weight of the plurality of objects in the container, and estimated sizes, volumes, and shapes of objects within the plurality of objects in the container. 32. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement means includes linkage bars and rotary motor that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 33. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement means includes a linear actuator and a spring that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 34. The system as claimed in claim 33, wherein the spring is tunable to provide variable stiffness. 35. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement means includes a mechanical system wherein the movement in the repetitious manner is at or near a resonant frequency of the mechanical system. 36. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement in a repetitious manner is provided as a cyclical motion with non-balanced duty cycle. 37. A method for controlling the disgorging of objects, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a container system including a container for containing objects; rotating the container to a disgorgement angle; and moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the container such that said objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. 38. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the method further includes the step of determining the disgorgement angle. 39. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein the disgorgement angle is no greater than an incipient angle at which at least one object in the container overcomes a force of friction between the object and the container and begins to move. 40. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein the step of determining the disgorgement angle includes the use of sensors that determine when at least one object in the container begins to slide due to gravity. 41. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein the step of determining the disgorgement angle includes the use of a processing system in combination with a machine learning system that stores information regarding different disgorgement angles and different characteristics of containers of objects. 42. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the different characteristics include any of weight of the plurality of objects in the container, and estimated sizes, volumes, and shapes of objects within the plurality of objects in the container. 43. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the step of moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner includes the use of linkage bars and rotary motor that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 44. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the step of moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner includes the use of a linear actuator and a spring that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 45. The method as claimed in claim 33, wherein the spring is tunable to provide variable stiffness. 46. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the step of moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner includes the use of a mechanical system wherein the movement in the repetitious manner is at or near a resonant frequency of the mechanical system. 47. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the movement in a repetitious manner is provided as a cyclical motion with non-balanced duty cycle. 48. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the method further includes the step of determining the disgorgement angle. 49. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the method further includes the step of determining a control frequency of vibration of the container. | A system is disclosed for controlling the disgorging of objects. The system includes a container system including a container for containing objects, rotation means for rotating the container to a disgorgement angle, and movement means for moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the container system such that the objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement.1. A system for controlling the disgorging of objects, said system comprising:
a container system including a container for containing objects; rotation means for rotating the container to a disgorgement angle; and movement means for moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the container system such that said objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. 2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container of the container system is moved in the repetitious manner by the movement means. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container system includes a chute that is moved in the repetitious manner by the movement means. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container system includes a flap that extends down from an upper portion of the container when the container is at the disgorgement angle. 5. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flap is spring biased to be in a closed position, acting to restrain some objects within the container until the objects are closer to a floor of the container. 6. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flap is a multi-part flap such that a lower portion of the flap is less restricting of objects pushing through the flap than is an upper portion of the flap. 7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objects are non-homogeneous. 8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the objects vary in size by at least 1000%. 9. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the objects vary in volume from about 9 cubic inches to about 9 cubic feet. 10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objects vary in weight by at least 500%. 11. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objects vary in weight from about 5 ounces to about 20 lbs. 12. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disgorgement angle is no greater than an incipient angle at which at least one object in the container overcomes a force of friction between the object and the container and begins to move. 13. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the disgorgement angle is equal to the incipient angle. 14. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the disgorgement angle is within 20 degrees of the incipient angle. 15. The system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the disgorgement angle is within 10 degrees of the incipient angle. 16. The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the disgorgement angle is within 5 degrees of the incipient angle. 17. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system further includes determination means for determining the disgorgement angle 18. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with sensors that determine when at least one object in the container begins to slide due to gravity. 19. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with a machine learning system that stores information regarding different disgorgement angles and different characteristics of containers of objects. 20. The system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the different characteristics include any of weight of the plurality of objects in the container, and estimated sizes, volumes, and shapes of objects within the plurality of objects in the container. 21. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement means includes linkage bars and rotary motor that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 22. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement means includes a linear actuator and a spring that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 23. The system as claimed in claim 22, wherein the spring is tunable to provide variable stiffness. 24. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement means includes a mechanical system wherein the movement in the repetitious manner is at or near a resonant frequency of the mechanical system. 25. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement in a repetitious manner is provided as a cyclical motion with non-balanced duty cycle. 26. A system for controlling the disgorging of objects from a container, said system comprising:
a container receiving system for receiving the container of objects at a lift and rotate mechanism, said lift and rotate mechanism being adapted to lift the container and to rotate the container to a disgorgement angle; and movement means for moving at least a portion of the lift and rotate mechanism in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the lift and rotate mechanism such that objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. 27. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system further includes determination means for determining the disgorgement angle. 28. The system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the disgorgement angle is no greater than an incipient angle at which at least one object in the container overcomes a force of friction between the object and the container and begins to move. 29. The system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with sensors that determine when at least one object in the container begins to slide due to gravity. 30. The system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the determination means includes a processing system in combination with a machine learning system that stores information regarding different disgorgement angles and different characteristics of containers of objects. 31. The system as claimed in claim 30, wherein the different characteristics include any of weight of the plurality of objects in the container, and estimated sizes, volumes, and shapes of objects within the plurality of objects in the container. 32. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement means includes linkage bars and rotary motor that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 33. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement means includes a linear actuator and a spring that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 34. The system as claimed in claim 33, wherein the spring is tunable to provide variable stiffness. 35. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement means includes a mechanical system wherein the movement in the repetitious manner is at or near a resonant frequency of the mechanical system. 36. The system as claimed in claim 26, wherein the movement in a repetitious manner is provided as a cyclical motion with non-balanced duty cycle. 37. A method for controlling the disgorging of objects, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a container system including a container for containing objects; rotating the container to a disgorgement angle; and moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner with a net zero distance of travel of the at least the portion of the container such that said objects are disgorged from the container at a controlled rate of disgorgement. 38. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the method further includes the step of determining the disgorgement angle. 39. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein the disgorgement angle is no greater than an incipient angle at which at least one object in the container overcomes a force of friction between the object and the container and begins to move. 40. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein the step of determining the disgorgement angle includes the use of sensors that determine when at least one object in the container begins to slide due to gravity. 41. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein the step of determining the disgorgement angle includes the use of a processing system in combination with a machine learning system that stores information regarding different disgorgement angles and different characteristics of containers of objects. 42. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the different characteristics include any of weight of the plurality of objects in the container, and estimated sizes, volumes, and shapes of objects within the plurality of objects in the container. 43. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the step of moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner includes the use of linkage bars and rotary motor that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 44. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the step of moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner includes the use of a linear actuator and a spring that cause the movement in a repetitious manner. 45. The method as claimed in claim 33, wherein the spring is tunable to provide variable stiffness. 46. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the step of moving at least a portion of the container system in a repetitious manner includes the use of a mechanical system wherein the movement in the repetitious manner is at or near a resonant frequency of the mechanical system. 47. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the movement in a repetitious manner is provided as a cyclical motion with non-balanced duty cycle. 48. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the method further includes the step of determining the disgorgement angle. 49. The method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the method further includes the step of determining a control frequency of vibration of the container. | 3,600 |
343,411 | 16,802,831 | 3,612 | A method for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a financial institution includes reading payment information from a payment vehicle, reading financial institution routing information from the payment vehicle, reading a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle, requesting consumer authentication information from a consumer, and submitting a payment transaction request to the financial institution using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. An authentication certificate for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a financial institution may be generated by receiving a request for an authentication certificate from a requestor, the request comprising a requestor ID and one or more capabilities of the requestor, verifying the requestor ID, generating an authentication certificate for the requestor, and returning the generated authentication certificate to the requestor. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a transaction server of a financial institution, the method comprising:
reading financial institution routing information from a payment vehicle by way of a payment device connected to a point of sale (POS) terminal; reading a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle by way of the payment device connected to the POS terminal; and submitting a payment transaction request to the transaction server of the financial institution over a computer network using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. 22. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising:
transmitting at least one of the POS terminal certificate and the payment vehicle certificate to an authentication service for validation; and receiving a POS terminal certificate validation or a payment vehicle certificate validation from the authentication service; 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
cancelling the payment transaction request when the authentication service returns a certificate validation error. 24. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising:
transmitting the financial institution routing information to an authentication service; and receiving a financial institution certificate validation from the authentication service. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the POS terminal certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a merchant associated with the POS terminal. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the payment vehicle certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a consumer associated with the payment vehicle. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein:
the financial institution routing information read from the payment vehicle comprises routing information for a plurality of financial institutions; the POS terminal prompts a consumer for a selection of a financial institution among the plurality of financial institutions; and the payment transaction request is submitted to the selected financial institution. 28. A computer system for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a transaction server of a financial institution, the system comprising:
a memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein; and a processor configured to access the memory and execute the processor-readable instructions, which when executed by the processor configures the processor to perform a plurality of functions, including functions to:
read financial institution routing information from a payment vehicle by way of a payment device connected to a point of sale (POS) terminal;
read a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle by way of the payment device connected to the POS terminal; and
submit a payment transaction request to the transaction server of the financial institution over a computer network using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. 29. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
transmit at least one of the POS terminal certificate and the payment vehicle certificate to an authentication service for validation; and receive a POS terminal certificate validation or a payment vehicle certificate validation from the authentication service. 30. The computer system of claim 29, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
cancel the payment transaction request when the authentication service returns a certificate validation error. 31. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
transmit the financial institution routing information to an authentication service; and receive a financial institution certificate validation from the authentication service. 32. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the POS terminal certificate comprises one or more capabilities of a merchant associated with the POS terminal. 33. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the payment vehicle certificate comprises one or more capabilities of a consumer associated with the payment vehicle. 34. The computer system of claim 28, wherein:
the financial institution routing information read from the payment vehicle comprises routing information for a plurality of financial institutions; the POS terminal prompts a consumer for a selection of a financial institution among the plurality of financial institutions; and the payment transaction request is submitted to the selected financial institution. 35. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing system, causes the computing system to perform a method for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a transaction server of a financial institution, the method including:
reading financial institution routing information from a payment vehicle by way of a payment device connected to a point of sale (POS) terminal; reading a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle by way of the payment device connected to the POS terminal; and submitting a payment transaction request to the transaction server of the financial institution over a computer network using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. 36. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, the method further comprising:
transmitting at least one of the POS terminal certificate and the payment vehicle certificate to an authentication service for validation; and receiving a POS terminal certificate validation or a payment vehicle certificate validation from the authentication service; 37. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 36, the method further comprising:
cancelling the payment transaction request when the authentication service returns a certificate validation error. 38. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, the method further comprising:
transmitting the financial institution routing information to an authentication service; and receiving a financial institution certificate validation from the authentication service. 39. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the POS terminal certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a merchant associated with the POS terminal. 40. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the payment vehicle certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a consumer associated with the payment vehicle. | A method for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a financial institution includes reading payment information from a payment vehicle, reading financial institution routing information from the payment vehicle, reading a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle, requesting consumer authentication information from a consumer, and submitting a payment transaction request to the financial institution using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. An authentication certificate for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a financial institution may be generated by receiving a request for an authentication certificate from a requestor, the request comprising a requestor ID and one or more capabilities of the requestor, verifying the requestor ID, generating an authentication certificate for the requestor, and returning the generated authentication certificate to the requestor.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a transaction server of a financial institution, the method comprising:
reading financial institution routing information from a payment vehicle by way of a payment device connected to a point of sale (POS) terminal; reading a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle by way of the payment device connected to the POS terminal; and submitting a payment transaction request to the transaction server of the financial institution over a computer network using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. 22. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising:
transmitting at least one of the POS terminal certificate and the payment vehicle certificate to an authentication service for validation; and receiving a POS terminal certificate validation or a payment vehicle certificate validation from the authentication service; 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
cancelling the payment transaction request when the authentication service returns a certificate validation error. 24. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising:
transmitting the financial institution routing information to an authentication service; and receiving a financial institution certificate validation from the authentication service. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the POS terminal certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a merchant associated with the POS terminal. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the payment vehicle certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a consumer associated with the payment vehicle. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein:
the financial institution routing information read from the payment vehicle comprises routing information for a plurality of financial institutions; the POS terminal prompts a consumer for a selection of a financial institution among the plurality of financial institutions; and the payment transaction request is submitted to the selected financial institution. 28. A computer system for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a transaction server of a financial institution, the system comprising:
a memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein; and a processor configured to access the memory and execute the processor-readable instructions, which when executed by the processor configures the processor to perform a plurality of functions, including functions to:
read financial institution routing information from a payment vehicle by way of a payment device connected to a point of sale (POS) terminal;
read a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle by way of the payment device connected to the POS terminal; and
submit a payment transaction request to the transaction server of the financial institution over a computer network using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. 29. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
transmit at least one of the POS terminal certificate and the payment vehicle certificate to an authentication service for validation; and receive a POS terminal certificate validation or a payment vehicle certificate validation from the authentication service. 30. The computer system of claim 29, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
cancel the payment transaction request when the authentication service returns a certificate validation error. 31. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
transmit the financial institution routing information to an authentication service; and receive a financial institution certificate validation from the authentication service. 32. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the POS terminal certificate comprises one or more capabilities of a merchant associated with the POS terminal. 33. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the payment vehicle certificate comprises one or more capabilities of a consumer associated with the payment vehicle. 34. The computer system of claim 28, wherein:
the financial institution routing information read from the payment vehicle comprises routing information for a plurality of financial institutions; the POS terminal prompts a consumer for a selection of a financial institution among the plurality of financial institutions; and the payment transaction request is submitted to the selected financial institution. 35. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing system, causes the computing system to perform a method for submission of payment transaction requests from a point of sale (POS) terminal to a transaction server of a financial institution, the method including:
reading financial institution routing information from a payment vehicle by way of a payment device connected to a point of sale (POS) terminal; reading a payment vehicle certificate from the payment vehicle by way of the payment device connected to the POS terminal; and submitting a payment transaction request to the transaction server of the financial institution over a computer network using the financial institution routing information, a POS terminal certificate, and the payment vehicle certificate. 36. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, the method further comprising:
transmitting at least one of the POS terminal certificate and the payment vehicle certificate to an authentication service for validation; and receiving a POS terminal certificate validation or a payment vehicle certificate validation from the authentication service; 37. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 36, the method further comprising:
cancelling the payment transaction request when the authentication service returns a certificate validation error. 38. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, the method further comprising:
transmitting the financial institution routing information to an authentication service; and receiving a financial institution certificate validation from the authentication service. 39. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the POS terminal certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a merchant associated with the POS terminal. 40. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the payment vehicle certificate stores data defining one or more capabilities of a consumer associated with the payment vehicle. | 3,600 |
343,412 | 16,802,815 | 3,612 | Disclosed herein is a battery charger for electric vehicle includes a motor configured to generate power for driving the electric vehicle, an inverter configured to provide the power to the motor, an AC power input terminal configured to be input at least one AC power of single phase AC power and polyphaser AC power from a slow charger, a power factor corrector configured to include a plurality of full bridge circuits through which the AC power is input through the AC power input terminal, a link capacitor configured to connect in parallel with the power factor corrector, a switch network configured to include a first switch SW A provided to connect any one of a plurality of AC power input lines and a neutral line constituting the AC power input terminal with the power factor corrector, and a second switch provided to transfer one of a direct current power input from a quick charger and an alternating current power input from a slow charger to a high voltage battery and a controller configured to control the power factor corrector and the switch network according to the conditions of the AC power and the DC power. | 1. A battery charger for electric vehicle comprising:
a motor configured to generate power for driving the electric vehicle; an inverter configured to provide the power to the motor; an AC power input terminal configured to be input at least one AC power of single phase AC power and polyphaser AC power from a slow charger; a power factor corrector configured to include a plurality of full bridge circuits through which the AC power is input through the AC power input terminal; a link capacitor configured to connect in parallel with the power factor corrector; a switch network configured to include a first switch SW A provided to connect any one of a plurality of AC power input lines and a neutral line constituting the AC power input terminal with the power factor corrector, and a second switch provided to transfer one of a direct current power input from a quick charger and an alternating current power input from a slow charger to a high voltage battery; and a controller configured to control the power factor corrector and the switch network according to the conditions of the AC power and the DC power. 2. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of full bridge circuits includes a first full bridge circuit and a second full bridge circuit. 3. The battery charger according to claim 2, wherein:
a first leg of the first full bridge circuit is connected to a first AC power input line of the AC power input terminal; and a second leg of the first full bridge circuit is selectively connected to any one of the neutral line and the second AC power input line of the AC power input terminal through the first switch SW A. 4. The battery charger according to claim 3, wherein the second switch includes
a third switch SW B connected between the first leg of the first full bridge circuit and a first leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fourth switch SW C connected between the second leg of the first full bridge circuit and a second leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fifth switch SW D connected a node to which the first leg of the second full bridge circuit and the third switch SW B are connected to a third input terminal of the AC power input terminal. 5. The battery according to claim 4, wherein the second switch further includes
a sixth switch SW G having one end connected to a positive electrode of the link capacitor; a seventh switch SW H having one end connected to a negative electrode of the link capacitor; an eighth switch SW 5 connected between the other end of the sixth switch SW G and one side of the inverter, and wherein the battery charger is connected to the negative electrode of the link capacitor and the other side of the inverter through the seventh switch SW H. 6. The battery charger according to claim 5, wherein the second switch further includes:
a ninth switch (SW E) connecting a node to which the first leg of the second full bridge circuit and the third switch (SW B) are connected to the other end of the sixth switch (SW G); a tenth switch SW F connecting the node connected to the second leg of the second full bridge circuit and the fourth switch SW C to the other end of the sixth switch SW G. 7. The battery charger according to claim 6, wherein the second switch further includes an eleventh switch SW 4 provided between one side of the inverter and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery. 8. The battery charger according to claim 7, wherein the second switch further includes a twelfth switch SW 1 provided to connect between the positive electrode of the quick charger and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery; and
a thirteenth switch SW 3 provided to connect between the negative electrode of the quick charger and the negative electrode of the high voltage battery; 9. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein the second switch further includes a fourteenth switch SW 2 connects the other end of the sixth switch SW G and the other end of the seventh switch SW H, the positive electrode of the high voltage battery, and the positive electrode of the quick charger to the neutral point of the motor. 10. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes the conditions of polyphaser and single phase of the input AC power. 11. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes a symmetrical and asymmetrical power supply condition of the input AC power. 12. A battery charger for electric vehicle comprising:
a motor configured to generate power for driving the electric vehicle; an inverter configured to provide the power to the motor; an AC power input terminal configured to be input at least one AC power of single phase AC power and polyphaser AC power from a slow charger; a power factor corrector configured to include a plurality of full bridge circuits through which the AC power is input through the AC power input terminal; a link capacitor configured to connect in parallel with the power factor corrector; a switch network configured to include a first switch SW A provided to connect any one of a plurality of AC power input lines and a neutral line constituting the AC power input terminal with the power factor corrector, and a second switch provided to transfer one of a direct current power input from a quick charger and an alternating current power input from a slow charger to a high voltage battery; and a controller configured to control the power factor corrector and the switch network according to the conditions of the AC power and the DC power, wherein the second switch includes an eighth switch SW 5 connected between one side of each of the plurality of full bridge circuits and one side of the inverter; an eleventh switch SW 4 provided between one side of the inverter and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery; a twelfth switch SW 1 provided to connect between the positive electrode of the quick charger and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery; a thirteenth switch SW 3 provided to connect between the negative electrode of the quick charger and the negative electrode of the high voltage battery; and a fourteenth switch SW 2 provided to connect the positive electrode of the high voltage battery and the positive electrode of the quick charger to the neutral point of the motor. 13. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of full bridge circuits includes a first full bridge circuit and a second full bridge circuit. 14. The battery charger according to claim 13, wherein
a first leg of the first full bridge circuit is connected to a first AC power input line of the AC power input terminal; and a second leg of the first full bridge circuit is selectively connected to any one of the neutral line and the second AC power input line of the AC power input terminal through the first switch SW A. 15. The battery charger according to claim 14, wherein the second switch includes:
a third switch SW B connected between the first leg of the first full bridge circuit and a first leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fourth switch SW C connected between the second leg of the first full bridge circuit and a second leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fifth switch SW D connected a node to which the first leg of the second full bridge circuit and the third switch SW B are connected to a third input terminal of the AC power input terminal. 16. The battery charger according to claim 15, wherein the second switch further includes;
a sixth switch SW G having one end connected to a positive electrode of the link capacitor; a seventh switch SW H having one end connected to a negative electrode of the link capacitor, wherein the battery charger is connected to the negative electrode of the link capacitor and the other side of the inverter through the seventh switch SW H. 17. The battery charger according to claim 16, wherein the second switch further includes a tenth switch SW F connecting the node connected to the second leg of the second full bridge circuit and the fourth switch SW C to the other end of the sixth switch SW G. 18. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes the conditions of polyphaser and single phase of the input AC power. 19. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes a symmetrical and asymmetrical power supply condition of the input AC power. | Disclosed herein is a battery charger for electric vehicle includes a motor configured to generate power for driving the electric vehicle, an inverter configured to provide the power to the motor, an AC power input terminal configured to be input at least one AC power of single phase AC power and polyphaser AC power from a slow charger, a power factor corrector configured to include a plurality of full bridge circuits through which the AC power is input through the AC power input terminal, a link capacitor configured to connect in parallel with the power factor corrector, a switch network configured to include a first switch SW A provided to connect any one of a plurality of AC power input lines and a neutral line constituting the AC power input terminal with the power factor corrector, and a second switch provided to transfer one of a direct current power input from a quick charger and an alternating current power input from a slow charger to a high voltage battery and a controller configured to control the power factor corrector and the switch network according to the conditions of the AC power and the DC power.1. A battery charger for electric vehicle comprising:
a motor configured to generate power for driving the electric vehicle; an inverter configured to provide the power to the motor; an AC power input terminal configured to be input at least one AC power of single phase AC power and polyphaser AC power from a slow charger; a power factor corrector configured to include a plurality of full bridge circuits through which the AC power is input through the AC power input terminal; a link capacitor configured to connect in parallel with the power factor corrector; a switch network configured to include a first switch SW A provided to connect any one of a plurality of AC power input lines and a neutral line constituting the AC power input terminal with the power factor corrector, and a second switch provided to transfer one of a direct current power input from a quick charger and an alternating current power input from a slow charger to a high voltage battery; and a controller configured to control the power factor corrector and the switch network according to the conditions of the AC power and the DC power. 2. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of full bridge circuits includes a first full bridge circuit and a second full bridge circuit. 3. The battery charger according to claim 2, wherein:
a first leg of the first full bridge circuit is connected to a first AC power input line of the AC power input terminal; and a second leg of the first full bridge circuit is selectively connected to any one of the neutral line and the second AC power input line of the AC power input terminal through the first switch SW A. 4. The battery charger according to claim 3, wherein the second switch includes
a third switch SW B connected between the first leg of the first full bridge circuit and a first leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fourth switch SW C connected between the second leg of the first full bridge circuit and a second leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fifth switch SW D connected a node to which the first leg of the second full bridge circuit and the third switch SW B are connected to a third input terminal of the AC power input terminal. 5. The battery according to claim 4, wherein the second switch further includes
a sixth switch SW G having one end connected to a positive electrode of the link capacitor; a seventh switch SW H having one end connected to a negative electrode of the link capacitor; an eighth switch SW 5 connected between the other end of the sixth switch SW G and one side of the inverter, and wherein the battery charger is connected to the negative electrode of the link capacitor and the other side of the inverter through the seventh switch SW H. 6. The battery charger according to claim 5, wherein the second switch further includes:
a ninth switch (SW E) connecting a node to which the first leg of the second full bridge circuit and the third switch (SW B) are connected to the other end of the sixth switch (SW G); a tenth switch SW F connecting the node connected to the second leg of the second full bridge circuit and the fourth switch SW C to the other end of the sixth switch SW G. 7. The battery charger according to claim 6, wherein the second switch further includes an eleventh switch SW 4 provided between one side of the inverter and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery. 8. The battery charger according to claim 7, wherein the second switch further includes a twelfth switch SW 1 provided to connect between the positive electrode of the quick charger and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery; and
a thirteenth switch SW 3 provided to connect between the negative electrode of the quick charger and the negative electrode of the high voltage battery; 9. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein the second switch further includes a fourteenth switch SW 2 connects the other end of the sixth switch SW G and the other end of the seventh switch SW H, the positive electrode of the high voltage battery, and the positive electrode of the quick charger to the neutral point of the motor. 10. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes the conditions of polyphaser and single phase of the input AC power. 11. The battery charger according to claim 1, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes a symmetrical and asymmetrical power supply condition of the input AC power. 12. A battery charger for electric vehicle comprising:
a motor configured to generate power for driving the electric vehicle; an inverter configured to provide the power to the motor; an AC power input terminal configured to be input at least one AC power of single phase AC power and polyphaser AC power from a slow charger; a power factor corrector configured to include a plurality of full bridge circuits through which the AC power is input through the AC power input terminal; a link capacitor configured to connect in parallel with the power factor corrector; a switch network configured to include a first switch SW A provided to connect any one of a plurality of AC power input lines and a neutral line constituting the AC power input terminal with the power factor corrector, and a second switch provided to transfer one of a direct current power input from a quick charger and an alternating current power input from a slow charger to a high voltage battery; and a controller configured to control the power factor corrector and the switch network according to the conditions of the AC power and the DC power, wherein the second switch includes an eighth switch SW 5 connected between one side of each of the plurality of full bridge circuits and one side of the inverter; an eleventh switch SW 4 provided between one side of the inverter and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery; a twelfth switch SW 1 provided to connect between the positive electrode of the quick charger and the positive electrode of the high voltage battery; a thirteenth switch SW 3 provided to connect between the negative electrode of the quick charger and the negative electrode of the high voltage battery; and a fourteenth switch SW 2 provided to connect the positive electrode of the high voltage battery and the positive electrode of the quick charger to the neutral point of the motor. 13. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of full bridge circuits includes a first full bridge circuit and a second full bridge circuit. 14. The battery charger according to claim 13, wherein
a first leg of the first full bridge circuit is connected to a first AC power input line of the AC power input terminal; and a second leg of the first full bridge circuit is selectively connected to any one of the neutral line and the second AC power input line of the AC power input terminal through the first switch SW A. 15. The battery charger according to claim 14, wherein the second switch includes:
a third switch SW B connected between the first leg of the first full bridge circuit and a first leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fourth switch SW C connected between the second leg of the first full bridge circuit and a second leg of the second full bridge circuit; a fifth switch SW D connected a node to which the first leg of the second full bridge circuit and the third switch SW B are connected to a third input terminal of the AC power input terminal. 16. The battery charger according to claim 15, wherein the second switch further includes;
a sixth switch SW G having one end connected to a positive electrode of the link capacitor; a seventh switch SW H having one end connected to a negative electrode of the link capacitor, wherein the battery charger is connected to the negative electrode of the link capacitor and the other side of the inverter through the seventh switch SW H. 17. The battery charger according to claim 16, wherein the second switch further includes a tenth switch SW F connecting the node connected to the second leg of the second full bridge circuit and the fourth switch SW C to the other end of the sixth switch SW G. 18. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes the conditions of polyphaser and single phase of the input AC power. 19. The battery charger according to claim 12, wherein the condition of the input AC power includes a symmetrical and asymmetrical power supply condition of the input AC power. | 3,600 |
343,413 | 16,802,829 | 3,612 | A control method of a multilevel converter includes: classifying power modules that start working, need to update an output state or stop working to form m power module groups; and controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to start working, update the output state or stop working at the same time, and sequentially controlling the m power module groups to start working, or update the output state or stop working, according to a preset time interval. The number of power modules in each power module group is less than or equal to a preset value, causing a change value of an output level of the each power module group to be less than or equal to a preset voltage value. | 1. A control method of a multilevel converter, the multilevel converter comprising n cascaded power modules and a processor coupled to the n power modules, and the control method comprising:
classifying power modules that start working, or need to update an output state, or stop working to form m power module groups, n≥m≥1; and controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working at the same time, and sequentially controlling the m power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working, according to a preset time interval; wherein the number of power modules in each power module group is less than or equal to a preset value, causing a change value of an output level of the each power module group to be less than or equal to a preset voltage value. 2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the output state comprises a zero level, a positive level, or a negative level. 3. The control method according to claim 2, wherein the power modules that start working, or need to update an output state, or stop working are determined based on a working state of the multilevel converter, and the working state comprises a starting state, a running state, a first off state, or a second off state. 4. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the working state is the first off state in response to a first off signal; classifying the power modules that need to stop working to form the m power module groups; and sequentially controlling, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to stop working. 5. The control method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and controlling all power modules that have not stopped working to stop working immediately. 6. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and controlling the n power modules to stop working immediately. 7. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
classifying, when the working state is the starting state, the power modules to form the m power module groups; and sequentially outputting, according to the preset time interval, control signals corresponding to each power module group, controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to simultaneously enter the output state. 8. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
comparing a current output state control signal with a previous output state control signal, when the working state is the running state; classifying the power modules that need to update the output state to form the m power module groups; and controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to simultaneously update the output state, and sequentially controlling, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to update the output state. 9. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the preset time interval is shorter than a switching period of the power module. 10. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the power modules in each of the power module groups is same or different. 11. A multilevel converter, comprising:
n cascaded power modules; and a processor coupled to the n power modules and configured to: classify power modules that start working, or need to update an output state or stop working to form m power module groups, n≥m≥1; and control power modules in a same one of the power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working at the same time, and sequentially control the m power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working, according to a preset time interval; wherein the number of power modules in each power module group is less than or equal to a preset value, causing a change value of an output level of the each power module group to be less than or equal to a preset voltage value. 12. The multilevel converter according to claim 11, wherein the output state comprises a zero level, a positive level, or a negative level. 13. The multilevel converter according to claim 12, wherein the power modules that start working, or need to update an output state, or stop working are determined based on a working state of the multilevel converter, and the working state comprises a starting state, a running state, a first off state, or a second off state. 14. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the working state is the first off state in response to a first off signal; classify the power modules that need to stop working to form the m power module groups; and sequentially control, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to stop working. 15. The multilevel converter according to claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and control all power modules that have not stopped working to stop working immediately. 16. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and control the n power modules to stop working immediately. 17. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
classify, when the working state is the starting state, the power modules to form the m power module groups; and sequentially output, according to the preset time interval, control signals corresponding to each power module group, controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to enter the output state at the same time. 18. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
compare a current output state control signal with a previous output state control signal, when the working state is the running state; classify the power modules that need to update the output state to form the m power module groups; and control power modules in a same one of the power module groups to update the output state at the same time, and sequentially control, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to update the output state. 19. The multilevel converter according to claim 11, wherein the preset time interval is shorter than a switching period of the power module. 20. The multilevel converter according to claim 11, wherein the number of the power modules in each of the power module groups is same or different. | A control method of a multilevel converter includes: classifying power modules that start working, need to update an output state or stop working to form m power module groups; and controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to start working, update the output state or stop working at the same time, and sequentially controlling the m power module groups to start working, or update the output state or stop working, according to a preset time interval. The number of power modules in each power module group is less than or equal to a preset value, causing a change value of an output level of the each power module group to be less than or equal to a preset voltage value.1. A control method of a multilevel converter, the multilevel converter comprising n cascaded power modules and a processor coupled to the n power modules, and the control method comprising:
classifying power modules that start working, or need to update an output state, or stop working to form m power module groups, n≥m≥1; and controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working at the same time, and sequentially controlling the m power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working, according to a preset time interval; wherein the number of power modules in each power module group is less than or equal to a preset value, causing a change value of an output level of the each power module group to be less than or equal to a preset voltage value. 2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the output state comprises a zero level, a positive level, or a negative level. 3. The control method according to claim 2, wherein the power modules that start working, or need to update an output state, or stop working are determined based on a working state of the multilevel converter, and the working state comprises a starting state, a running state, a first off state, or a second off state. 4. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the working state is the first off state in response to a first off signal; classifying the power modules that need to stop working to form the m power module groups; and sequentially controlling, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to stop working. 5. The control method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and controlling all power modules that have not stopped working to stop working immediately. 6. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
determining that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and controlling the n power modules to stop working immediately. 7. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
classifying, when the working state is the starting state, the power modules to form the m power module groups; and sequentially outputting, according to the preset time interval, control signals corresponding to each power module group, controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to simultaneously enter the output state. 8. The control method according to claim 3, further comprising:
comparing a current output state control signal with a previous output state control signal, when the working state is the running state; classifying the power modules that need to update the output state to form the m power module groups; and controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to simultaneously update the output state, and sequentially controlling, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to update the output state. 9. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the preset time interval is shorter than a switching period of the power module. 10. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the power modules in each of the power module groups is same or different. 11. A multilevel converter, comprising:
n cascaded power modules; and a processor coupled to the n power modules and configured to: classify power modules that start working, or need to update an output state or stop working to form m power module groups, n≥m≥1; and control power modules in a same one of the power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working at the same time, and sequentially control the m power module groups to start working, or update the output state, or stop working, according to a preset time interval; wherein the number of power modules in each power module group is less than or equal to a preset value, causing a change value of an output level of the each power module group to be less than or equal to a preset voltage value. 12. The multilevel converter according to claim 11, wherein the output state comprises a zero level, a positive level, or a negative level. 13. The multilevel converter according to claim 12, wherein the power modules that start working, or need to update an output state, or stop working are determined based on a working state of the multilevel converter, and the working state comprises a starting state, a running state, a first off state, or a second off state. 14. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the working state is the first off state in response to a first off signal; classify the power modules that need to stop working to form the m power module groups; and sequentially control, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to stop working. 15. The multilevel converter according to claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and control all power modules that have not stopped working to stop working immediately. 16. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that the working state is the second off state in response to a second off signal; and control the n power modules to stop working immediately. 17. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
classify, when the working state is the starting state, the power modules to form the m power module groups; and sequentially output, according to the preset time interval, control signals corresponding to each power module group, controlling power modules in a same one of the power module groups to enter the output state at the same time. 18. The multilevel converter according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
compare a current output state control signal with a previous output state control signal, when the working state is the running state; classify the power modules that need to update the output state to form the m power module groups; and control power modules in a same one of the power module groups to update the output state at the same time, and sequentially control, according to the preset time interval, the m power module groups to update the output state. 19. The multilevel converter according to claim 11, wherein the preset time interval is shorter than a switching period of the power module. 20. The multilevel converter according to claim 11, wherein the number of the power modules in each of the power module groups is same or different. | 3,600 |
343,414 | 16,802,821 | 3,612 | Methods and apparatus of processing 360-degree virtual reality images are disclosed. According to one method, the method receives coded data for an extended 2D (two-dimensional) frame including an encoded 2D frame with one or more encoded guard bands, wherein the encoded 2D frame is projected from a 3D (three-dimensional) sphere using a target projection, wherein said one or more encoded guard bands are based on a blending of one or more guard bands with an overlapped region when the overlapped region exists. The method then decodes the coded data into a decoded extended 2D frame including a decoded 2D frame with one or more decoded guard bands, and derives a reconstructed 2D frame from the decoded extended 2D frame. | 1. A method of processing 360-degree virtual reality images, the method comprising:
receiving coded data for an extended 2D (two-dimensional) frame including an encoded 2D frame with one or more encoded guard bands, wherein the encoded 2D frame is projected from a 3D (three-dimensional) sphere using a target projection, wherein said one or more encoded guard bands are based on a blending of one or more guard bands with an overlapped region when the overlapped region exists; decoding the coded data into a decoded extended 2D frame including a decoded 2D frame with one or more decoded guard bands; and deriving a reconstructed 2D frame from the decoded extended 2D frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by cropping said one or more decoded guard bands. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by blending said one or more decoded guard bands and reconstructed duplicated areas when one or more guard bands are filled with duplicated areas with samples from respective edge areas of one or more edges, and wherein one or more decoded guard bands are generated by blending said one or more guard bands with the duplicated areas. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the target projection corresponds to Equirectangular Projection (ERP) and Cubemap Projection (CMP), Adjusted Cubemap Projection (ACP), Equal-Area Projection (EAP), Octahedron Projection (OHP), Icosahedron Projection (ISP), Segmented Sphere Projection (SSP), Rotated Sphere Projection (RSP), or Cylindrical Projection (CLP). 5. An apparatus for processing 360-degree virtual reality images, the apparatus comprising one or more electronic devices or processors configured to:
receive coded data for an extended 2D (two-dimensional) frame including an encoded 2D frame with one or more encoded guard bands, wherein the encoded 2D frame is projected from a 3D (three-dimensional) sphere using a target projection, wherein said one or more encoded guard bands are based on a blending of one or more guard bands with an overlapped region when the overlapped region exists; decode the coded data into a decoded extended 2D frame including a decoded 2D frame with one or more decoded guard bands; and derive a reconstructed 2D frame from the decoded extended 2D frame. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by cropping said one or more decoded guard bands. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by blending said one or more decoded guard bands and reconstructed duplicated areas when one or more guard bands are filled with duplicated areas with samples from respective edge areas of one or more edges, and wherein one or more decoded guard bands are generated by blending said one or more guard bands with the duplicated areas. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the target projection corresponds to Equirectangular Projection (ERP) and Cubemap Projection (CMP), Adjusted Cubemap Projection (ACP), Equal-Area Projection (EAP), Octahedron Projection (OHP), Icosahedron Projection (ISP), Segmented Sphere Projection (SSP), Rotated Sphere Projection (RSP), or Cylindrical Projection (CLP). | Methods and apparatus of processing 360-degree virtual reality images are disclosed. According to one method, the method receives coded data for an extended 2D (two-dimensional) frame including an encoded 2D frame with one or more encoded guard bands, wherein the encoded 2D frame is projected from a 3D (three-dimensional) sphere using a target projection, wherein said one or more encoded guard bands are based on a blending of one or more guard bands with an overlapped region when the overlapped region exists. The method then decodes the coded data into a decoded extended 2D frame including a decoded 2D frame with one or more decoded guard bands, and derives a reconstructed 2D frame from the decoded extended 2D frame.1. A method of processing 360-degree virtual reality images, the method comprising:
receiving coded data for an extended 2D (two-dimensional) frame including an encoded 2D frame with one or more encoded guard bands, wherein the encoded 2D frame is projected from a 3D (three-dimensional) sphere using a target projection, wherein said one or more encoded guard bands are based on a blending of one or more guard bands with an overlapped region when the overlapped region exists; decoding the coded data into a decoded extended 2D frame including a decoded 2D frame with one or more decoded guard bands; and deriving a reconstructed 2D frame from the decoded extended 2D frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by cropping said one or more decoded guard bands. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by blending said one or more decoded guard bands and reconstructed duplicated areas when one or more guard bands are filled with duplicated areas with samples from respective edge areas of one or more edges, and wherein one or more decoded guard bands are generated by blending said one or more guard bands with the duplicated areas. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the target projection corresponds to Equirectangular Projection (ERP) and Cubemap Projection (CMP), Adjusted Cubemap Projection (ACP), Equal-Area Projection (EAP), Octahedron Projection (OHP), Icosahedron Projection (ISP), Segmented Sphere Projection (SSP), Rotated Sphere Projection (RSP), or Cylindrical Projection (CLP). 5. An apparatus for processing 360-degree virtual reality images, the apparatus comprising one or more electronic devices or processors configured to:
receive coded data for an extended 2D (two-dimensional) frame including an encoded 2D frame with one or more encoded guard bands, wherein the encoded 2D frame is projected from a 3D (three-dimensional) sphere using a target projection, wherein said one or more encoded guard bands are based on a blending of one or more guard bands with an overlapped region when the overlapped region exists; decode the coded data into a decoded extended 2D frame including a decoded 2D frame with one or more decoded guard bands; and derive a reconstructed 2D frame from the decoded extended 2D frame. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by cropping said one or more decoded guard bands. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the reconstructed 2D frame is generated from the decoded extended 2D frame by blending said one or more decoded guard bands and reconstructed duplicated areas when one or more guard bands are filled with duplicated areas with samples from respective edge areas of one or more edges, and wherein one or more decoded guard bands are generated by blending said one or more guard bands with the duplicated areas. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the target projection corresponds to Equirectangular Projection (ERP) and Cubemap Projection (CMP), Adjusted Cubemap Projection (ACP), Equal-Area Projection (EAP), Octahedron Projection (OHP), Icosahedron Projection (ISP), Segmented Sphere Projection (SSP), Rotated Sphere Projection (RSP), or Cylindrical Projection (CLP). | 3,600 |
343,415 | 16,802,795 | 3,612 | A data protection system configured to replicate data may generate rescue packages that allow the system to recover when communication between a splitter or source of the production data being replicated and an appliance that stores the replicated data is disrupted. The rescue package is stored on a datastore and is then retrieved by the data protection system or another splitter. After processing the rescue package, which may contain IOs that the data protection is unaware of due to the communication disruption, replication may resume normally. | 1. A method for performing a data protection operation, the method comprising:
detecting a communication disruption that prevents a splitter from communicating with an appliance that stores data replicated from a source; creating a rescue package, wherein the rescue package includes a backlog that includes IOs associated with the splitter; storing the rescue package at a location in a datastore; retrieving the rescue package from the location; and processing the rescue package by the appliance such that the backlog is incorporated into the replicated data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the splitter waiting a time period before creating the rescue package. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the appliance waiting the time period before looking for the rescue package. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating multiple rescue packages, each rescue package associated with a timestamp. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the rescue package includes an indicator for an end of data such that, when processed, the appliance knows that the rescue package is complete or wherein completeness of the rescue package is determined using a digital signature or cyclic redundancy check. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising writing an acknowledgment file to the location after retrieving the rescue package. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising prioritizing the location for subsequent rescue packages. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising deleting the acknowledgement file and other instances of the rescue package when the acknowledgment file is recognized. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising resuming replication when the rescue package is successfully processed. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the rescue package includes:
a dirty bit indicating that a volume has IOS that the appliance is unaware of; an active bit indicating whether an entity is active on the splitter; and the backlog. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the rescue package in multiple datastores sequentially or at different times or at the same time. 12. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
detecting a communication disruption that prevents a splitter from communicating with an appliance that stores data replicated from a source; creating a rescue package, wherein the rescue package includes a backlog that includes IOs associated with the splitter; storing the rescue package at a location in a datastore; retrieving the rescue package from the location; and processing the rescue package by the appliance such that the backlog is incorporated into the replicated data. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising the splitter waiting a time period before creating the rescue package and storing the rescue package in multiple datastores at the same time or sequentially. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 13, the operations further comprising the appliance waiting the time period before looking for the rescue package. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising generating multiple rescue packages, each rescue package associated with a timestamp. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, wherein the rescue package include an indicator for an end of data such that, when processed, the appliance knows that the rescue package is complete, the operations further comprising resuming replication when the rescue package is processed and the backlog is incorporated into the replicated data. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising writing an acknowledgment file to the location after retrieving the rescue package. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, the operations further comprising prioritizing the location for subsequent rescue packages. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, the operations further comprising deleting the acknowledgement file and other instances of the rescue package when the acknowledgment file is recognized. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, wherein the rescue package includes:
a dirty bit indicating that a volume has IOS that the appliance is unaware of; an active bit indicating whether an entity is active on the splitter; and the backlog. | A data protection system configured to replicate data may generate rescue packages that allow the system to recover when communication between a splitter or source of the production data being replicated and an appliance that stores the replicated data is disrupted. The rescue package is stored on a datastore and is then retrieved by the data protection system or another splitter. After processing the rescue package, which may contain IOs that the data protection is unaware of due to the communication disruption, replication may resume normally.1. A method for performing a data protection operation, the method comprising:
detecting a communication disruption that prevents a splitter from communicating with an appliance that stores data replicated from a source; creating a rescue package, wherein the rescue package includes a backlog that includes IOs associated with the splitter; storing the rescue package at a location in a datastore; retrieving the rescue package from the location; and processing the rescue package by the appliance such that the backlog is incorporated into the replicated data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the splitter waiting a time period before creating the rescue package. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the appliance waiting the time period before looking for the rescue package. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating multiple rescue packages, each rescue package associated with a timestamp. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the rescue package includes an indicator for an end of data such that, when processed, the appliance knows that the rescue package is complete or wherein completeness of the rescue package is determined using a digital signature or cyclic redundancy check. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising writing an acknowledgment file to the location after retrieving the rescue package. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising prioritizing the location for subsequent rescue packages. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising deleting the acknowledgement file and other instances of the rescue package when the acknowledgment file is recognized. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising resuming replication when the rescue package is successfully processed. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the rescue package includes:
a dirty bit indicating that a volume has IOS that the appliance is unaware of; an active bit indicating whether an entity is active on the splitter; and the backlog. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the rescue package in multiple datastores sequentially or at different times or at the same time. 12. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
detecting a communication disruption that prevents a splitter from communicating with an appliance that stores data replicated from a source; creating a rescue package, wherein the rescue package includes a backlog that includes IOs associated with the splitter; storing the rescue package at a location in a datastore; retrieving the rescue package from the location; and processing the rescue package by the appliance such that the backlog is incorporated into the replicated data. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising the splitter waiting a time period before creating the rescue package and storing the rescue package in multiple datastores at the same time or sequentially. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 13, the operations further comprising the appliance waiting the time period before looking for the rescue package. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising generating multiple rescue packages, each rescue package associated with a timestamp. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, wherein the rescue package include an indicator for an end of data such that, when processed, the appliance knows that the rescue package is complete, the operations further comprising resuming replication when the rescue package is processed and the backlog is incorporated into the replicated data. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising writing an acknowledgment file to the location after retrieving the rescue package. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, the operations further comprising prioritizing the location for subsequent rescue packages. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, the operations further comprising deleting the acknowledgement file and other instances of the rescue package when the acknowledgment file is recognized. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, wherein the rescue package includes:
a dirty bit indicating that a volume has IOS that the appliance is unaware of; an active bit indicating whether an entity is active on the splitter; and the backlog. | 3,600 |
343,416 | 16,802,814 | 3,612 | A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline resin, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the toner with Tp being a peak temperature of an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin in DSC of the toner, given G′(Tp—5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, G′(Tp—5, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, and G′(Tp—30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, the following formulae are satisfied: | 1. A toner comprising:
a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline resin, an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin exists in a temperature-endothermic quantity curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry of the toner, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the toner with Tp being a peak temperature of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin, given G′(Tp—5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, G′(Tp—5, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, and G′(Tp—30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, formulae below are satisfied:
G′(Tp—30,10 Hz)/G′(Tp—5,0.01 Hz)≤1.40
G′(Tp—5,10 Hz)/G′(Tp—5,0.01 Hz)≤2.20. 2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains a filler, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the filler,
given GF′(Tp—30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz and GF′(Tp—5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, a formula below is satisfied:
0.70≤GF′(Tp—30,10 Hz)/GF′(Tp—5,0.01 Hz)≤1.30. 3. The toner according to claim 2, wherein the filler has crystallinity. 4. The toner according to claim 2, wherein the filler has a cellulose structure. 5. The toner according to claim 2, wherein the filler contains a lignin/cellulose complex. 6. The toner according to claim 1, wherein an endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin in the toner is from 20 J/g to 200 J/g. 7. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline resin includes a crystalline polyester resin. | A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline resin, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the toner with Tp being a peak temperature of an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin in DSC of the toner, given G′(Tp—5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, G′(Tp—5, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, and G′(Tp—30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, the following formulae are satisfied:1. A toner comprising:
a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline resin, an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin exists in a temperature-endothermic quantity curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry of the toner, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the toner with Tp being a peak temperature of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin, given G′(Tp—5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, G′(Tp—5, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, and G′(Tp—30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz, formulae below are satisfied:
G′(Tp—30,10 Hz)/G′(Tp—5,0.01 Hz)≤1.40
G′(Tp—5,10 Hz)/G′(Tp—5,0.01 Hz)≤2.20. 2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains a filler, and in viscoelasticity measurement of the filler,
given GF′(Tp—30, 10 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—30° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz and GF′(Tp—5, 0.01 Hz) as a storage modulus at a temperature of Tp—5° C. and a frequency of 0.01 Hz, a formula below is satisfied:
0.70≤GF′(Tp—30,10 Hz)/GF′(Tp—5,0.01 Hz)≤1.30. 3. The toner according to claim 2, wherein the filler has crystallinity. 4. The toner according to claim 2, wherein the filler has a cellulose structure. 5. The toner according to claim 2, wherein the filler contains a lignin/cellulose complex. 6. The toner according to claim 1, wherein an endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin in the toner is from 20 J/g to 200 J/g. 7. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline resin includes a crystalline polyester resin. | 3,600 |
343,417 | 16,802,837 | 3,612 | A landscaping blower mounting accessory for use with a utility vehicle includes a blade connecter mounted to the utility vehicle. A receiving coupler is attached to the landscaping blower and shaped to receive the blade. A landscaping blower is oriented so that a housing covering a blower impeller is positioned between the utility vehicle and the blower motor. The mounting assembly allows the blade to frictionally engage within the coupler for holding the landscaping blower in a fixed positon above the ground on the front of the utility vehicle. | 1. A landscaping blower mounting accessory comprising:
a landscaping blower having a motor and an impeller housing; a male coupler for attachment to the front end of the utility vehicle; a female coupler attached to a landscaping blower for receiving the blade so to support the landscaping blower; and wherein the landscaping blower is configured so the impeller housing is positioned between the blade and the blower motor. 2. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the male coupler comprises:
a blade having a rounded top end; a substantially square base supporting the blade and having a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the base to the utility vehicle; and where the blade includes a chamfered edge substantially surrounding both sides of the blade. 3. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the female coupler comprises:
a frame having a channel formed therein for enabling the blade to easily engage with a female coupler; and wherein the female coupler is mounted to the accessory and positioned over the male coupler to hold the accessory to a utility vehicle. 4. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein landscaping blower is configured so a blower exhaust is positioned substantially near a front wheel of the utility vehicle. 5. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the blade is mounted on the front of the utility vehicle and configured between the vehicle's front wheels. 6. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the landscaping blower is configured so landscaping blower air exits from a rotational nozzle. 7. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the female coupler includes at least one bracket for mounting the female coupler to the utility vehicle blower. 8. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the female coupler includes a void configured substantially in the shape of the blade. 9. A landscaping blower mounting assembly for use with a utility vehicle comprising:
a blade connecter mounted to the utility vehicle; a coupler attached to the landscaping blower and shaped to receive the blade; a landscaping blower oriented so that a housing covering a blower impeller is positioned between the utility vehicle and the blower motor; and wherein the blade frictionally engages within the coupler for holding the landscaping blower in a fixed positon above the ground on the front of the utility vehicle. 10. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the orientation of the blower allows a blower nozzle to be positioned close to a front wheel of the utility vehicle. 11. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the blade connector configured between the front wheels of the utility vehicle. 12. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the landscaping blower is configured so landscaping blower air exits from a moveable nozzle assembly. 13. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 12, wherein the nozzle assembly is rotatable. 14. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the blade connector includes at least one bracket for mounting the blade to the utility vehicle blower. 15. A landscaping blower mounting assembly for mounting accessories to a utility vehicle comprising:
a male coupler having:
a blade having a rounded top end;
a substantially square base supporting the blade and having a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the base to the utility vehicle;
where the blade includes a chamfered edge substantially surrounding both sides of the blade;
a female coupler having:
a frame having a channel formed therein for enabling the blade to easily engage with a female coupler; and
wherein the female coupler is mounted to the accessory and positioned over the male coupler to hold the accessory to a utility vehicle. 16. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the chamfered edge slopes downwardly from the top surface to the bottom surface. 17. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the attachment male coupler has a substantially flat top surface and a substantially flat bottom surface. 18. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, further includes a notch portion at the intersection between the blade and the base. 19. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the blade forms a parabolic shape at it end. 20. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the accessory is at least one from the group of leaf blower, snow blower, fertilizer spreader, weight kit, a sprayer, hose reel, leaf plow or storage tray. | A landscaping blower mounting accessory for use with a utility vehicle includes a blade connecter mounted to the utility vehicle. A receiving coupler is attached to the landscaping blower and shaped to receive the blade. A landscaping blower is oriented so that a housing covering a blower impeller is positioned between the utility vehicle and the blower motor. The mounting assembly allows the blade to frictionally engage within the coupler for holding the landscaping blower in a fixed positon above the ground on the front of the utility vehicle.1. A landscaping blower mounting accessory comprising:
a landscaping blower having a motor and an impeller housing; a male coupler for attachment to the front end of the utility vehicle; a female coupler attached to a landscaping blower for receiving the blade so to support the landscaping blower; and wherein the landscaping blower is configured so the impeller housing is positioned between the blade and the blower motor. 2. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the male coupler comprises:
a blade having a rounded top end; a substantially square base supporting the blade and having a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the base to the utility vehicle; and where the blade includes a chamfered edge substantially surrounding both sides of the blade. 3. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the female coupler comprises:
a frame having a channel formed therein for enabling the blade to easily engage with a female coupler; and wherein the female coupler is mounted to the accessory and positioned over the male coupler to hold the accessory to a utility vehicle. 4. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein landscaping blower is configured so a blower exhaust is positioned substantially near a front wheel of the utility vehicle. 5. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the blade is mounted on the front of the utility vehicle and configured between the vehicle's front wheels. 6. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the landscaping blower is configured so landscaping blower air exits from a rotational nozzle. 7. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the female coupler includes at least one bracket for mounting the female coupler to the utility vehicle blower. 8. A landscaping blower mounting accessory as in claim 1, wherein the female coupler includes a void configured substantially in the shape of the blade. 9. A landscaping blower mounting assembly for use with a utility vehicle comprising:
a blade connecter mounted to the utility vehicle; a coupler attached to the landscaping blower and shaped to receive the blade; a landscaping blower oriented so that a housing covering a blower impeller is positioned between the utility vehicle and the blower motor; and wherein the blade frictionally engages within the coupler for holding the landscaping blower in a fixed positon above the ground on the front of the utility vehicle. 10. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the orientation of the blower allows a blower nozzle to be positioned close to a front wheel of the utility vehicle. 11. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the blade connector configured between the front wheels of the utility vehicle. 12. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the landscaping blower is configured so landscaping blower air exits from a moveable nozzle assembly. 13. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 12, wherein the nozzle assembly is rotatable. 14. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 9, wherein the blade connector includes at least one bracket for mounting the blade to the utility vehicle blower. 15. A landscaping blower mounting assembly for mounting accessories to a utility vehicle comprising:
a male coupler having:
a blade having a rounded top end;
a substantially square base supporting the blade and having a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the base to the utility vehicle;
where the blade includes a chamfered edge substantially surrounding both sides of the blade;
a female coupler having:
a frame having a channel formed therein for enabling the blade to easily engage with a female coupler; and
wherein the female coupler is mounted to the accessory and positioned over the male coupler to hold the accessory to a utility vehicle. 16. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the chamfered edge slopes downwardly from the top surface to the bottom surface. 17. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the attachment male coupler has a substantially flat top surface and a substantially flat bottom surface. 18. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, further includes a notch portion at the intersection between the blade and the base. 19. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the blade forms a parabolic shape at it end. 20. A landscaping blower mounting assembly as in claim 15, wherein the accessory is at least one from the group of leaf blower, snow blower, fertilizer spreader, weight kit, a sprayer, hose reel, leaf plow or storage tray. | 3,600 |
343,418 | 16,802,725 | 3,612 | A digital object identifier (DOI) display request is received. A service type of a service corresponding to the display request is determined. Basic user information of a first user and identity type information corresponding to the service type is determined based on the service type and stored calibration information, where the identity type information is pre-authenticated to ensure validity based on a validity period associated with the identity type information. A DOI of the first user is generated based on the basic user information and the identity type information. The DOI is displayed for a second user to perform service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information in the DOI. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the method further comprises:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 28. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 35. A computer-implemented system for service processing, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user;
determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and
performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 36. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 37. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. | A digital object identifier (DOI) display request is received. A service type of a service corresponding to the display request is determined. Basic user information of a first user and identity type information corresponding to the service type is determined based on the service type and stored calibration information, where the identity type information is pre-authenticated to ensure validity based on a validity period associated with the identity type information. A DOI of the first user is generated based on the basic user information and the identity type information. The DOI is displayed for a second user to perform service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information in the DOI.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the method further comprises:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 28. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 35. A computer-implemented system for service processing, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user;
determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and
performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 36. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 37. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. | 3,600 |
343,419 | 16,802,825 | 3,612 | A digital object identifier (DOI) display request is received. A service type of a service corresponding to the display request is determined. Basic user information of a first user and identity type information corresponding to the service type is determined based on the service type and stored calibration information, where the identity type information is pre-authenticated to ensure validity based on a validity period associated with the identity type information. A DOI of the first user is generated based on the basic user information and the identity type information. The DOI is displayed for a second user to perform service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information in the DOI. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the method further comprises:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 28. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 35. A computer-implemented system for service processing, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user;
determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and
performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 36. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 37. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. | A digital object identifier (DOI) display request is received. A service type of a service corresponding to the display request is determined. Basic user information of a first user and identity type information corresponding to the service type is determined based on the service type and stored calibration information, where the identity type information is pre-authenticated to ensure validity based on a validity period associated with the identity type information. A DOI of the first user is generated based on the basic user information and the identity type information. The DOI is displayed for a second user to perform service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information in the DOI.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the method further comprises:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 28. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for service processing, comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user; determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein both the first user device and the second user device are in an offline state. 35. A computer-implemented system for service processing, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining a digital object identifier (DOI) of a first user of a first user device, by a second user device, wherein the DOI is generated by the first user device based on basic user information and pre-authenticated identity type information of the first user;
determining, by the second user device, the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI; and
performing, by the second user device, service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information included in the DOI. 36. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the determining the identity type information included in the DOI comprises:
parsing the DOI to obtain DOI information; determining information corresponding to a pre-agreed identity type flag bit in the DOI information as obtained information; and determining the obtained information to be the identity type information of the first user. 37. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein before the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information, the operations further comprise:
checking the identity type information; and determining that the identity type information matches a service type of a service to be processed. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a service processing method that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the service processing method and the basic user information, service processing. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the performing service processing based on the basic user information and the identity type information comprises:
determining, based on a predetermined service processing rule, a payment discount coefficient that matches the identity type information; and performing, based on the payment discount coefficient and the basic user information, payment and deduction. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining calibration information, comprising a plurality of different identity types and validity periods of different identity types; and checking, based on the calibration information, a validity of the identity type information included in the DOI. | 3,600 |
343,420 | 16,802,812 | 3,612 | A computer-implemented method for tracking a user includes: configuring a client device for entering: a starting point for a trip, a destination, mode of transportation, and indication of starting the trip; configuring the server for identifying a preferred route based upon: a distance of the trip, a crime rate of areas between the starting point and destination, and the mode of transportation; configuring the server for calculating an allotted time for the trip; configuring the client device for continuously transmitting its location to the server; configuring the server for continuously monitoring the location of the client device; configuring the client device for selectively transmitting an alarm message to the server when the client device deviates beyond a threshold amount from the preferred route or the allotted time for the trip; and configuring the server for notifying a family member and local police when the panic alarm message is received. | 1. A computer-implemented method for tracking a user comprising:
configuring one or more client devices for continuously transmitting its respective geographic location wirelessly over a network to a server; configuring the server for continuously monitoring the geographic location of each of the one or more client devices; configuring each of the one or more client devices for selectively transmitting a panic alarm message from the respective device to the server; and configuring the server for responding when one of the client devices is transmitting the panic alarm message. | A computer-implemented method for tracking a user includes: configuring a client device for entering: a starting point for a trip, a destination, mode of transportation, and indication of starting the trip; configuring the server for identifying a preferred route based upon: a distance of the trip, a crime rate of areas between the starting point and destination, and the mode of transportation; configuring the server for calculating an allotted time for the trip; configuring the client device for continuously transmitting its location to the server; configuring the server for continuously monitoring the location of the client device; configuring the client device for selectively transmitting an alarm message to the server when the client device deviates beyond a threshold amount from the preferred route or the allotted time for the trip; and configuring the server for notifying a family member and local police when the panic alarm message is received.1. A computer-implemented method for tracking a user comprising:
configuring one or more client devices for continuously transmitting its respective geographic location wirelessly over a network to a server; configuring the server for continuously monitoring the geographic location of each of the one or more client devices; configuring each of the one or more client devices for selectively transmitting a panic alarm message from the respective device to the server; and configuring the server for responding when one of the client devices is transmitting the panic alarm message. | 3,600 |
343,421 | 16,802,822 | 3,612 | Provided herein are DLL3 binding agents and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) comprising a DLL3 binding molecule that specifically binds to DLL3; and immune cells comprising these DLL3-specific CARs, e.g., CAR-T cells. Also provided are methods of making and using DLL3-specific CARs, and immune cells comprising DLL3-specific CARs. | 1. A chimeric antigen receptor comprising an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises a DLL3 antigen binding domain that specifically binds to DLL3, and wherein the antigen binding domain comprises at least one of:
(a) a variable heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 199, 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280, 289, 298, 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370, 379, 388, 397, 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, and 460; (b) a variable heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 2, 11, 20, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 200, 209, 218, 227, 236, 245, 254, 263, 272, 281, 290, 299, 308, 317, 326, 335, 344, 353, 362, 371, 380, 389, 398, 407, 416, 425, 434, 443, 452, 461, and 695; (c) a variable heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192, 201, 210, 219, 228, 237, 246, 255, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 309, 318, 327, 336, 345, 354, 363, 372, 381, 390, 399, 408, 417, 426, 435, 444, 453, and 462; (d) a variable light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 49, 58, 67, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121, 130, 139, 148, 157, 166, 175, 184, 193, 202, 211, 220, 229, 238, 247, 256, 265, 274, 283, 292, 301, 310, 319, 328, 337, 346, 355, 364, 373, 382, 391, 400, 409, 418, 427, 436, 445, 454, 463, and 696; (e) a variable light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50, 59, 68, 77, 86, 95, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149, 158, 167, 176, 185, 194, 203, 212, 221, 230, 239, 248, 257, 266, 275, 284, 293, 302, 311, 320, 329, 338, 347, 356, 365, 374, 383, 392, 401, 410, 419, 428, 437, 446, 455, and 464; and (f) a variable light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 105, 114, 123, 132, 141, 150, 159, 168, 177, 186, 195, 204, 213, 222, 231, 240, 249, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 303, 312, 321, 330, 339, 348, 357, 366, 375, 384, 393, 402, 411, 420, 429, 438, 447, 456, and 465. 2. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises:
(a) a variable heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 199, 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280, 289, 298, 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370, 379, 388, 397, 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, and 460; (b) a variable heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 2, 11, 20, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 200, 209, 218, 227, 236, 245, 254, 263, 272, 281, 290, 299, 308, 317, 326, 335, 344, 353, 362, 371, 380, 389, 398, 407, 416, 425, 434, 443, 452, 461, and 695; and (c) a variable heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192, 201, 210, 219, 228, 237, 246, 255, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 309, 318, 327, 336, 345, 354, 363, 372, 381, 390, 399, 408, 417, 426, 435, 444, 453, and 462. 3. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises:
(a) a variable light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 49, 58, 67, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121, 130, 139, 148, 157, 166, 175, 184, 193, 202, 211, 220, 229, 238, 247, 256, 265, 274, 283, 292, 301, 310, 319, 328, 337, 346, 355, 364, 373, 382, 391, 400, 409, 418, 427, 436, 445, 454, 463, and 696; (b) a variable light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50, 59, 68, 77, 86, 95, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149, 158, 167, 176, 185, 194, 203, 212, 221, 230, 239, 248, 257, 266, 275, 284, 293, 302, 311, 320, 329, 338, 347, 356, 365, 374, 383, 392, 401, 410, 419, 428, 437, 446, 455, and 464; and (c) a variable light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 105, 114, 123, 132, 141, 150, 159, 168, 177, 186, 195, 204, 213, 222, 231, 240, 249, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 303, 312, 321, 330, 339, 348, 357, 366, 375, 384, 393, 402, 411, 420, 429, 438, 447, 456, and 465. 4. A chimeric antigen receptor comprising an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises a DLL3 antigen binding domain that specifically binds to DLL3, and wherein the antigen binding domain comprises at least one of:
(a) a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 16, 25, 34, 43, 52, 61, 70, 79, 88, 97, 106, 115, 124, 133, 142, 151, 160, 169, 178, 187, 196, 205, 214, 223, 232, 241, 250, 259, 268, 277, 286, 295, 304, 313, 322, 331, 340, 349, 358, 367, 376, 385, 394, 403, 412, 421, 430, 439, 448, 457, 466; and (b) a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 8, 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, 116, 125, 134, 143, 152, 161, 170, 179, 188, 197, 206, 215, 224, 233, 242, 251, 260, 269, 278, 287, 296, 305, 314, 323, 332, 341, 350, 359, 368, 377, 386, 395, 404, 413, 422, 431, 440, 449, 458, and 467, wherein the variable heavy chain and the variable light chain is linked by at least one linker. 5. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 4, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises:
(a) a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 16, 25, 34, 43, 52, 61, 70, 79, 88, 97, 106, 115, 124, 133, 142, 151, 160, 169, 178, 187, 196, 205, 214, 223, 232, 241, 250, 259, 268, 277, 286, 295, 304, 313, 322, 331, 340, 349, 358, 367, 376, 385, 394, 403, 412, 421, 430, 439, 448, 457, and 466; and (b) a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 8, 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, 116, 125, 134, 143, 152, 161, 170, 179, 188, 197, 206, 215, 224, 233, 242, 251, 260, 269, 278, 287, 296, 305, 314, 323, 332, 341, 350, 359, 368, 377, 386, 395, 404, 413, 422, 431, 440, 449, 458, and 467, wherein the variable heavy chain and the variable light chain is linked by at least one linker. 6. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of those scFvs presented in Table 1d. 7. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 482 to 533 and SEQ ID NOs: 632-683. 8. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the intracellular domain comprises at least one costimulatory domain. 9. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 8, wherein the costimulatory domain is a signaling region of CD28, OX-40, 4-1BB/CD137, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD30, CD40, programmed death-1 (PD-1), inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1 (CD1 1a/CD18), CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon, CD247, CD276 (B7-H3), LIGHT, (TNFSF14), NKG2C, Ig alpha (CD79a), DAP-10, Fc gamma receptor, MHC class I molecule, TNF receptor proteins, an Immunoglobulin protein, cytokine receptor, integrins, Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecules (SLAM proteins), activating NK cell receptors, BTLA, a Toll ligand receptors, ICAM-1, B7-H3, CDS, ICAM-1, GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRF1), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD19, CD4, CD8alpha, CD8beta, IL-2R beta, IL-2R gamma, IL-7R alpha, ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA-6, CD49f, ITGAD, CD1 1d, ITGAE, CD103, ITGAL, CD1 1a, LFA-1, ITGAM, CD1 1b, ITGAX, CD1 1c, ITGB1, CD29, ITGB2, CD18, LFA-1, ITGB7, NKG2D, TNFR2, TRANCE/RANKL, DNAMI (CD226), SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CEACAM1, CRT AM, Ly9 (CD229), CD160 (BY55), PSGL1, CD100 (SEMA4D), CD69, SLAMF6 (NTB-A, Ly108), SLAM (SLAMF1, CD150, IPO-3), BLAME (SLAMF8), SELPLG (CD162), LTBR, LAT, GADS, SLP-76, PAG/Cbp, CD19a, a ligand that specifically binds with CD83, or any combination thereof. 10. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 9, wherein the costimulatory domain comprises a signaling region of 4-1BB/CD137. 11. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 10, wherein the 4-1BB/CD137costimulatory domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 480 or a fragment thereof. 12. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the intracellular domain comprises at least one activating domain. 13. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 12, wherein the activating domain comprises CD3. 14. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 13, wherein the CD3 comprises CD3 zeta. 15. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 14, wherein the CD3 zeta comprises SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof. 16. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor is encoded by the polynucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 570-621 and 631. 17. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, further comprising a safety switch. 18. (canceled) 19. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 17, wherein the safety switch comprises one or more CD20 mimotopes or one or more QBEND-10 epitopes, or combinations thereof. 20. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 19, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises one or more safety switch in the format of QR3, SR2, RSR, or R2S. 21. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 17, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises the amino acid sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 622-628, 474-476, 565, and 684-694. 22. An isolated polynucleotide encoding the chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1. 23. A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 22. 24. (canceled) 25. An engineered immune cell expressing the chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1. 26. An engineered immune cell expressing the polynucleotide of claim 22. 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the engineered immune cell of claim 25. 31. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the engineered immune cell of claim 25. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the disease or disorder is small cell lung cancer. 34. An article of manufacture comprising the engineered immune cell of claim 25. 35. An anti-DLL3 binding agent comprising
(a) a variable heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 199, 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280, 289, 298, 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370, 379, 388, 397, 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, and 460; (b) a variable heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 2, 11, 20, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 200, 209, 218, 227, 236, 245, 254, 263, 272, 281, 290, 299, 308, 317, 326, 335, 344, 353, 362, 371, 380, 389, 398, 407, 416, 425, 434, 443, 452, 461, and 695; (c) a variable heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192, 201, 210, 219, 228, 237, 246, 255, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 309, 318, 327, 336, 345, 354, 363, 372, 381, 390, 399, 408, 417, 426, 435, 444, 453, and 462; (d) a variable light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 49, 58, 67, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121, 130, 139, 148, 157, 166, 175, 184, 193, 202, 211, 220, 229, 238, 247, 256, 265, 274, 283, 292, 301, 310, 319, 328, 337, 346, 355, 364, 373, 382, 391, 400, 409, 418, 427, 436, 445, 454, 463, and 696; (e) a variable light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50, 59, 68, 77, 86, 95, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149, 158, 167, 176, 185, 194, 203, 212, 221, 230, 239, 248, 257, 266, 275, 284, 293, 302, 311, 320, 329, 338, 347, 356, 365, 374, 383, 392, 401, 410, 419, 428, 437, 446, 455, and 464; and (f) a variable light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 105, 114, 123, 132, 141, 150, 159, 168, 177, 186, 195, 204, 213, 222, 231, 240, 249, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 303, 312, 321, 330, 339, 348, 357, 366, 375, 384, 393, 402, 411, 420, 429, 438, 447, 456, and 465. 36. The DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, wherein the binding agent is an antibody, an antibody conjugate, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, optionally, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a Fab′ fragment, a Fab fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a dsFv fragment, or a dAb fragment. 37. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 36, wherein the binding agent is a monoclonal antibody comprising an IgG constant region. 38. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, comprising a variable heavy (VH) chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a VH sequence provided in Table 1b. 39. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, comprising a variable light (VL) chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a VL sequence provided in Table 1c. 40. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, wherein the binding agent comprises a sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to an scFv sequence presented in Table 1d. 41. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, wherein the binding agent is a fusion protein comprising a scFv fragment fused to an Fc constant region. 42. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 43. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the disease or disorder is small cell lung cancer. | Provided herein are DLL3 binding agents and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) comprising a DLL3 binding molecule that specifically binds to DLL3; and immune cells comprising these DLL3-specific CARs, e.g., CAR-T cells. Also provided are methods of making and using DLL3-specific CARs, and immune cells comprising DLL3-specific CARs.1. A chimeric antigen receptor comprising an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises a DLL3 antigen binding domain that specifically binds to DLL3, and wherein the antigen binding domain comprises at least one of:
(a) a variable heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 199, 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280, 289, 298, 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370, 379, 388, 397, 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, and 460; (b) a variable heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 2, 11, 20, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 200, 209, 218, 227, 236, 245, 254, 263, 272, 281, 290, 299, 308, 317, 326, 335, 344, 353, 362, 371, 380, 389, 398, 407, 416, 425, 434, 443, 452, 461, and 695; (c) a variable heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192, 201, 210, 219, 228, 237, 246, 255, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 309, 318, 327, 336, 345, 354, 363, 372, 381, 390, 399, 408, 417, 426, 435, 444, 453, and 462; (d) a variable light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 49, 58, 67, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121, 130, 139, 148, 157, 166, 175, 184, 193, 202, 211, 220, 229, 238, 247, 256, 265, 274, 283, 292, 301, 310, 319, 328, 337, 346, 355, 364, 373, 382, 391, 400, 409, 418, 427, 436, 445, 454, 463, and 696; (e) a variable light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50, 59, 68, 77, 86, 95, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149, 158, 167, 176, 185, 194, 203, 212, 221, 230, 239, 248, 257, 266, 275, 284, 293, 302, 311, 320, 329, 338, 347, 356, 365, 374, 383, 392, 401, 410, 419, 428, 437, 446, 455, and 464; and (f) a variable light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 105, 114, 123, 132, 141, 150, 159, 168, 177, 186, 195, 204, 213, 222, 231, 240, 249, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 303, 312, 321, 330, 339, 348, 357, 366, 375, 384, 393, 402, 411, 420, 429, 438, 447, 456, and 465. 2. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises:
(a) a variable heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 199, 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280, 289, 298, 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370, 379, 388, 397, 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, and 460; (b) a variable heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 2, 11, 20, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 200, 209, 218, 227, 236, 245, 254, 263, 272, 281, 290, 299, 308, 317, 326, 335, 344, 353, 362, 371, 380, 389, 398, 407, 416, 425, 434, 443, 452, 461, and 695; and (c) a variable heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192, 201, 210, 219, 228, 237, 246, 255, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 309, 318, 327, 336, 345, 354, 363, 372, 381, 390, 399, 408, 417, 426, 435, 444, 453, and 462. 3. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises:
(a) a variable light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 49, 58, 67, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121, 130, 139, 148, 157, 166, 175, 184, 193, 202, 211, 220, 229, 238, 247, 256, 265, 274, 283, 292, 301, 310, 319, 328, 337, 346, 355, 364, 373, 382, 391, 400, 409, 418, 427, 436, 445, 454, 463, and 696; (b) a variable light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50, 59, 68, 77, 86, 95, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149, 158, 167, 176, 185, 194, 203, 212, 221, 230, 239, 248, 257, 266, 275, 284, 293, 302, 311, 320, 329, 338, 347, 356, 365, 374, 383, 392, 401, 410, 419, 428, 437, 446, 455, and 464; and (c) a variable light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 105, 114, 123, 132, 141, 150, 159, 168, 177, 186, 195, 204, 213, 222, 231, 240, 249, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 303, 312, 321, 330, 339, 348, 357, 366, 375, 384, 393, 402, 411, 420, 429, 438, 447, 456, and 465. 4. A chimeric antigen receptor comprising an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises a DLL3 antigen binding domain that specifically binds to DLL3, and wherein the antigen binding domain comprises at least one of:
(a) a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 16, 25, 34, 43, 52, 61, 70, 79, 88, 97, 106, 115, 124, 133, 142, 151, 160, 169, 178, 187, 196, 205, 214, 223, 232, 241, 250, 259, 268, 277, 286, 295, 304, 313, 322, 331, 340, 349, 358, 367, 376, 385, 394, 403, 412, 421, 430, 439, 448, 457, 466; and (b) a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 8, 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, 116, 125, 134, 143, 152, 161, 170, 179, 188, 197, 206, 215, 224, 233, 242, 251, 260, 269, 278, 287, 296, 305, 314, 323, 332, 341, 350, 359, 368, 377, 386, 395, 404, 413, 422, 431, 440, 449, 458, and 467, wherein the variable heavy chain and the variable light chain is linked by at least one linker. 5. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 4, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises:
(a) a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 16, 25, 34, 43, 52, 61, 70, 79, 88, 97, 106, 115, 124, 133, 142, 151, 160, 169, 178, 187, 196, 205, 214, 223, 232, 241, 250, 259, 268, 277, 286, 295, 304, 313, 322, 331, 340, 349, 358, 367, 376, 385, 394, 403, 412, 421, 430, 439, 448, 457, and 466; and (b) a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 8, 17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, 116, 125, 134, 143, 152, 161, 170, 179, 188, 197, 206, 215, 224, 233, 242, 251, 260, 269, 278, 287, 296, 305, 314, 323, 332, 341, 350, 359, 368, 377, 386, 395, 404, 413, 422, 431, 440, 449, 458, and 467, wherein the variable heavy chain and the variable light chain is linked by at least one linker. 6. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the antigen binding domain comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of those scFvs presented in Table 1d. 7. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 482 to 533 and SEQ ID NOs: 632-683. 8. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the intracellular domain comprises at least one costimulatory domain. 9. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 8, wherein the costimulatory domain is a signaling region of CD28, OX-40, 4-1BB/CD137, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD30, CD40, programmed death-1 (PD-1), inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1 (CD1 1a/CD18), CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon, CD247, CD276 (B7-H3), LIGHT, (TNFSF14), NKG2C, Ig alpha (CD79a), DAP-10, Fc gamma receptor, MHC class I molecule, TNF receptor proteins, an Immunoglobulin protein, cytokine receptor, integrins, Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecules (SLAM proteins), activating NK cell receptors, BTLA, a Toll ligand receptors, ICAM-1, B7-H3, CDS, ICAM-1, GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRF1), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD19, CD4, CD8alpha, CD8beta, IL-2R beta, IL-2R gamma, IL-7R alpha, ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA-6, CD49f, ITGAD, CD1 1d, ITGAE, CD103, ITGAL, CD1 1a, LFA-1, ITGAM, CD1 1b, ITGAX, CD1 1c, ITGB1, CD29, ITGB2, CD18, LFA-1, ITGB7, NKG2D, TNFR2, TRANCE/RANKL, DNAMI (CD226), SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CEACAM1, CRT AM, Ly9 (CD229), CD160 (BY55), PSGL1, CD100 (SEMA4D), CD69, SLAMF6 (NTB-A, Ly108), SLAM (SLAMF1, CD150, IPO-3), BLAME (SLAMF8), SELPLG (CD162), LTBR, LAT, GADS, SLP-76, PAG/Cbp, CD19a, a ligand that specifically binds with CD83, or any combination thereof. 10. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 9, wherein the costimulatory domain comprises a signaling region of 4-1BB/CD137. 11. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 10, wherein the 4-1BB/CD137costimulatory domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 480 or a fragment thereof. 12. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the intracellular domain comprises at least one activating domain. 13. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 12, wherein the activating domain comprises CD3. 14. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 13, wherein the CD3 comprises CD3 zeta. 15. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 14, wherein the CD3 zeta comprises SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof. 16. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor is encoded by the polynucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 570-621 and 631. 17. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1, further comprising a safety switch. 18. (canceled) 19. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 17, wherein the safety switch comprises one or more CD20 mimotopes or one or more QBEND-10 epitopes, or combinations thereof. 20. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 19, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises one or more safety switch in the format of QR3, SR2, RSR, or R2S. 21. The chimeric antigen receptor of claim 17, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises the amino acid sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 622-628, 474-476, 565, and 684-694. 22. An isolated polynucleotide encoding the chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1. 23. A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 22. 24. (canceled) 25. An engineered immune cell expressing the chimeric antigen receptor of claim 1. 26. An engineered immune cell expressing the polynucleotide of claim 22. 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the engineered immune cell of claim 25. 31. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the engineered immune cell of claim 25. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the disease or disorder is small cell lung cancer. 34. An article of manufacture comprising the engineered immune cell of claim 25. 35. An anti-DLL3 binding agent comprising
(a) a variable heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 199, 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280, 289, 298, 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370, 379, 388, 397, 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, and 460; (b) a variable heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ NOs: 2, 11, 20, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 200, 209, 218, 227, 236, 245, 254, 263, 272, 281, 290, 299, 308, 317, 326, 335, 344, 353, 362, 371, 380, 389, 398, 407, 416, 425, 434, 443, 452, 461, and 695; (c) a variable heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192, 201, 210, 219, 228, 237, 246, 255, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 309, 318, 327, 336, 345, 354, 363, 372, 381, 390, 399, 408, 417, 426, 435, 444, 453, and 462; (d) a variable light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 13, 22, 31, 40, 49, 58, 67, 85, 94, 103, 112, 121, 130, 139, 148, 157, 166, 175, 184, 193, 202, 211, 220, 229, 238, 247, 256, 265, 274, 283, 292, 301, 310, 319, 328, 337, 346, 355, 364, 373, 382, 391, 400, 409, 418, 427, 436, 445, 454, 463, and 696; (e) a variable light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 14, 23, 32, 41, 50, 59, 68, 77, 86, 95, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149, 158, 167, 176, 185, 194, 203, 212, 221, 230, 239, 248, 257, 266, 275, 284, 293, 302, 311, 320, 329, 338, 347, 356, 365, 374, 383, 392, 401, 410, 419, 428, 437, 446, 455, and 464; and (f) a variable light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 105, 114, 123, 132, 141, 150, 159, 168, 177, 186, 195, 204, 213, 222, 231, 240, 249, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 303, 312, 321, 330, 339, 348, 357, 366, 375, 384, 393, 402, 411, 420, 429, 438, 447, 456, and 465. 36. The DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, wherein the binding agent is an antibody, an antibody conjugate, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, optionally, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a Fab′ fragment, a Fab fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a dsFv fragment, or a dAb fragment. 37. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 36, wherein the binding agent is a monoclonal antibody comprising an IgG constant region. 38. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, comprising a variable heavy (VH) chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a VH sequence provided in Table 1b. 39. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, comprising a variable light (VL) chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a VL sequence provided in Table 1c. 40. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, wherein the binding agent comprises a sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to an scFv sequence presented in Table 1d. 41. The anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35, wherein the binding agent is a fusion protein comprising a scFv fragment fused to an Fc constant region. 42. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 43. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject anti-DLL3 binding agent of claim 35. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the disease or disorder is small cell lung cancer. | 3,600 |
343,422 | 16,802,866 | 3,723 | Disclosed is an aircraft having motors operable to actuate an aircraft windshield wiper and an aircraft control surface. The aircraft includes a distributed control system having digital storage and integrated with redundant processors. The aircraft includes controller instructions stored on the digital storage operable upon execution to operate a control surface motor of the motors to actuate the control surface to impact an orientation of the aircraft and operate a windshield wiper motor of the motors to actuate the windshield wipers. | 1. An aircraft having motors operable to actuate an aircraft windshield wiper and an aircraft control surface comprising:
a distributed control system having digital storage and integrated with redundant processors; and controller instructions stored on the digital storage operable upon execution to:
operate a control surface motor of the motors to actuate the control surface to impact an orientation of the aircraft, and
operate a windshield wiper motor of the motors to actuate the windshield wipers. 2. The aircraft of claim 1, wherein the distributed control system includes motor controller blades operable to receive motor control directives associated with the motors, and send control signals to the motors. 3. The aircraft of claim 2, wherein the control surface motor is associated with a valve operable to control the control surface. 4. The aircraft of claim 1, further comprising weather data stored on the digital storage based on radar density patterns that define a precipitation condition associated with the aircraft, and the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the weather data and operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data. 5. The aircraft of claim 4, further comprising global position data stored on the digital storage that define a position of the aircraft, and wherein the precipitation condition is defined based on the radar density patterns associated with the position. 6. The aircraft of claim 5, wherein the radar density patterns define a density respective a precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as heavy precipitation in response to the density being below the precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as light precipitation in response to the density being above the precipitation threshold. 7. The aircraft of claim 5, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being heavy precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor. 8. The aircraft of claim 7, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor to pause at an extreme orientation of the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being light precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor. 9. The aircraft of claim 5, further comprising a weather radar, and wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the weather radar and define the weather data according to the weather radar. 10. The aircraft of claim 1, further comprising status data stored on the digital storage based on a flight status of the aircraft stored on the digital storage, and the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the status data and operate the windshield wiper motor based on the status data. 11. The aircraft of claim 10, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor in response to the status data corresponding to an aircraft taxi status and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 12. The aircraft of claim 10, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the status data corresponds to an aircraft taking off status and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 13. The aircraft of claim 1, further comprising weather data based on radar density patterns that define a precipitation condition associated with the aircraft and status data based on a flight status of the aircraft stored on the digital storage, the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor while the status data corresponds to an aircraft taxiing status or an aircraft taking off status and in response to the precipitation condition being heavy precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 14. A method for controlling operation of a windshield wiper of an aircraft with a distributed control system having digital storage disposed therein, the method comprising:
reading weather data from the digital storage, the weather data based on radar density patterns that define a density respective a precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as heavy precipitation in response to the density being below the precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as light precipitation in response to the density being above the precipitation threshold; operating a windshield wiper motor defining an extreme orientation with a predetermined speed command in response to the precipitation condition being light precipitation and with a pause at the extreme orientation. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising reading status data from the digital storage based on a flight status of the aircraft; and
operating the windshield wiper motor with the predetermined speed command only in response the status data corresponds to an aircraft taxiing status or an aircraft taking off status. 16. An aircraft comprising:
a windshield wiper; a windshield wiper motor operable to actuate the windshield wiper; a weather radar operable to obtain weather data associated with the aircraft; and a distributed control system having a motor controller blade, the distributed control system including controller instructions operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the motor controller blade and control the windshield wiper motor according to a predetermined speed command and a specific time interval pause, the motor controller blade being operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the weather data to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data. 17. The aircraft of claim 16, further comprising an aileron motor, an elevator motor, and a rudder motor; and
valves associated with the aileron motor, the elevator motor, and the rudder motor are associated with the valves operable to control a respective aileron, elevator, and rudder, wherein the motor controller blade is further configured to control the operation of the aileron motor, the elevator motor, or the rudder motor. 18. The aircraft of claim 17, further comprising weather data based on radar density patterns that define a precipitation condition associated with the aircraft stored on the distributed control system, and the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the weather data and operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data. 19. The aircraft of claim 18, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being heavy precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 20. The aircraft of claim 19, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being light precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor to pause at an extreme orientation of the windshield wiper motor. | Disclosed is an aircraft having motors operable to actuate an aircraft windshield wiper and an aircraft control surface. The aircraft includes a distributed control system having digital storage and integrated with redundant processors. The aircraft includes controller instructions stored on the digital storage operable upon execution to operate a control surface motor of the motors to actuate the control surface to impact an orientation of the aircraft and operate a windshield wiper motor of the motors to actuate the windshield wipers.1. An aircraft having motors operable to actuate an aircraft windshield wiper and an aircraft control surface comprising:
a distributed control system having digital storage and integrated with redundant processors; and controller instructions stored on the digital storage operable upon execution to:
operate a control surface motor of the motors to actuate the control surface to impact an orientation of the aircraft, and
operate a windshield wiper motor of the motors to actuate the windshield wipers. 2. The aircraft of claim 1, wherein the distributed control system includes motor controller blades operable to receive motor control directives associated with the motors, and send control signals to the motors. 3. The aircraft of claim 2, wherein the control surface motor is associated with a valve operable to control the control surface. 4. The aircraft of claim 1, further comprising weather data stored on the digital storage based on radar density patterns that define a precipitation condition associated with the aircraft, and the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the weather data and operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data. 5. The aircraft of claim 4, further comprising global position data stored on the digital storage that define a position of the aircraft, and wherein the precipitation condition is defined based on the radar density patterns associated with the position. 6. The aircraft of claim 5, wherein the radar density patterns define a density respective a precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as heavy precipitation in response to the density being below the precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as light precipitation in response to the density being above the precipitation threshold. 7. The aircraft of claim 5, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being heavy precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor. 8. The aircraft of claim 7, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor to pause at an extreme orientation of the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being light precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor. 9. The aircraft of claim 5, further comprising a weather radar, and wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the weather radar and define the weather data according to the weather radar. 10. The aircraft of claim 1, further comprising status data stored on the digital storage based on a flight status of the aircraft stored on the digital storage, and the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the status data and operate the windshield wiper motor based on the status data. 11. The aircraft of claim 10, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor in response to the status data corresponding to an aircraft taxi status and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 12. The aircraft of claim 10, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the status data corresponds to an aircraft taking off status and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 13. The aircraft of claim 1, further comprising weather data based on radar density patterns that define a precipitation condition associated with the aircraft and status data based on a flight status of the aircraft stored on the digital storage, the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor while the status data corresponds to an aircraft taxiing status or an aircraft taking off status and in response to the precipitation condition being heavy precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 14. A method for controlling operation of a windshield wiper of an aircraft with a distributed control system having digital storage disposed therein, the method comprising:
reading weather data from the digital storage, the weather data based on radar density patterns that define a density respective a precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as heavy precipitation in response to the density being below the precipitation threshold and define the precipitation condition as light precipitation in response to the density being above the precipitation threshold; operating a windshield wiper motor defining an extreme orientation with a predetermined speed command in response to the precipitation condition being light precipitation and with a pause at the extreme orientation. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising reading status data from the digital storage based on a flight status of the aircraft; and
operating the windshield wiper motor with the predetermined speed command only in response the status data corresponds to an aircraft taxiing status or an aircraft taking off status. 16. An aircraft comprising:
a windshield wiper; a windshield wiper motor operable to actuate the windshield wiper; a weather radar operable to obtain weather data associated with the aircraft; and a distributed control system having a motor controller blade, the distributed control system including controller instructions operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the motor controller blade and control the windshield wiper motor according to a predetermined speed command and a specific time interval pause, the motor controller blade being operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the weather data to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data. 17. The aircraft of claim 16, further comprising an aileron motor, an elevator motor, and a rudder motor; and
valves associated with the aileron motor, the elevator motor, and the rudder motor are associated with the valves operable to control a respective aileron, elevator, and rudder, wherein the motor controller blade is further configured to control the operation of the aileron motor, the elevator motor, or the rudder motor. 18. The aircraft of claim 17, further comprising weather data based on radar density patterns that define a precipitation condition associated with the aircraft stored on the distributed control system, and the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to read the weather data and operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data. 19. The aircraft of claim 18, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being heavy precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor at a predetermined speed command. 20. The aircraft of claim 19, wherein the controller instructions are further operable upon execution by the distributed control system to operate the windshield wiper motor based on the weather data in response to the precipitation condition being light precipitation and the controller instructions operate the windshield wiper motor to pause at an extreme orientation of the windshield wiper motor. | 3,700 |
343,423 | 16,802,857 | 3,723 | A connector includes a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, wherein the first connecting assembly and the second connecting assembly are fitted with each other. The first connecting assembly includes a first inner core and at least two first electric wires, and each of the first electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the first inner core. The second connection assembly includes a second inner core and at least two second electric wires, and each of the second electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the second inner core. A second end portion of the second inner core is provided with a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is inserted in a second end portion of the first inner core, so that the first electric wire is in an electrical communication with the second electric wire. | 1. A connector, comprising a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, wherein the first connecting assembly and the second connecting assembly are fitted with each other;
the first connecting assembly comprises a first inner core and at least two first electric wires, and each first electric wire of the at least two first electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the first inner core; the second connecting assembly comprises a second inner core and at least two second electric wires, and each second electric wire of the at least two second electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the second inner core; and a second end portion of the second inner core is provided with a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is inserted in a second end portion of the first inner core, so that the each first electric wire is in an electrical communication with the each second electric wire. 2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein, the at least two first electric wires are arranged side by side, and the at least two second electric wires are arranged side by side. 3. The connector according to claim 2, wherein, an output terminal in an electrical communication with the each first electric wire is arranged inside the first inner core; the connecting portion is electrically connected to the each second electric wire, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core and is electrically connected to the output terminal. 4. The connector according to claim 1, wherein, a limiting hole is arranged in the second end portion of the first inner core; a first end portion of the connecting portion is fixedly connected on the second end portion of the second inner core, a second end portion of the connecting portion is inserted into the limiting hole, and an outer side surface of the second end portion of the connecting portion is an arc-shaped surface. 5. The connector according to claim 1, wherein, the first connecting assembly comprises a first housing, the at least two first electric wires are arranged inside the first housing, and the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the first housing in a penetration manner;
the second connecting assembly comprises a second housing, the at least two second electric wires and the second inner core are each arranged inside the second housing, and the connecting portion is arranged at a first end portion of the second housing in a penetration manner; and a positioning hole cooperating with the first inner core is arranged in the first end portion of the second housing, the first inner core extends into the positioning hole, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core. 6. The connector according to claim 5, further comprising an elastic member, wherein a first end portion of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the first end portion of the first inner core, a second end portion of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the first housing, and the elastic member is sleeved on an outer side of the each first electric wire. 7. The connector according to claim 6, wherein, the elastic member is a spring. 8. The connector according to claim 6, wherein, the first housing comprises a first segment and a second segment, an inner diameter of the first segment is smaller than an inner diameter of the second segment, and the first segment and the second segment are sequentially connected; the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the second segment in a penetration manner;
the second housing comprises a third segment and a fourth segment, an inner diameter of the third segment is larger than an inner diameter of the fourth segment, and the third segment and the fourth segment are sequentially connected; the second inner core is located in the fourth segment, and the positioning hole and the connecting portion are both arranged in the third segment; and the first end portion of the second segment is fixedly connected to a first end portion of the third segment. 9. The connector according to claim 8, wherein, the elastic member is located in the second segment; a step is provided at a connection between an inner wall of the first segment and an inner wall of the second segment, and the second end portion of the elastic member is abutted and connected to the step. 10. The connector according to claim 5, wherein, the first housing comprises two first half housings and the two first half housings are detachably engaged; the second housing comprises two second half housings and the two second half are detachably engaged. 11. The connector according to claim 2, wherein, a limiting hole is arranged in the second end portion of the first inner core; a first end portion of the connecting portion is fixedly connected on the second end portion of the second inner core, a second end portion of the connecting portion is inserted into the limiting hole, and an outer side surface of the second end portion of the connecting portion is an arc-shaped surface. 12. The connector according to claim 3, wherein, a limiting hole is arranged in the second end portion of the first inner core; a first end portion of the connecting portion is fixedly connected on the second end portion of the second inner core, a second end portion of the connecting portion is inserted into the limiting hole, and an outer side surface of the second end portion of the connecting portion is an arc-shaped surface. 13. The connector according to claim 2, wherein, the first connecting assembly comprises a first housing, the at least two first electric wires are arranged inside the first housing, and the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the first housing in a penetration manner;
the second connecting assembly comprises a second housing, the at least two second electric wires and the second inner core are each arranged inside the second housing, and the connecting portion is arranged at a first end portion of the second housing in a penetration manner; and a positioning hole cooperating with the first inner core is arranged in the first end portion of the second housing, the first inner core extends into the positioning hole, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core. 14. The connector according to claim 3, wherein, the first connecting assembly comprises a first housing, the at least two first electric wires are arranged inside the first housing, and the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the first housing in a penetration manner;
the second connecting assembly comprises a second housing, the at least two second electric wires and the second inner core are each arranged inside the second housing, and the connecting portion is arranged at a first end portion of the second housing in a penetration manner; and a positioning hole cooperating with the first inner core is arranged in the first end portion of the second housing, the first inner core extends into the positioning hole, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core. | A connector includes a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, wherein the first connecting assembly and the second connecting assembly are fitted with each other. The first connecting assembly includes a first inner core and at least two first electric wires, and each of the first electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the first inner core. The second connection assembly includes a second inner core and at least two second electric wires, and each of the second electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the second inner core. A second end portion of the second inner core is provided with a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is inserted in a second end portion of the first inner core, so that the first electric wire is in an electrical communication with the second electric wire.1. A connector, comprising a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, wherein the first connecting assembly and the second connecting assembly are fitted with each other;
the first connecting assembly comprises a first inner core and at least two first electric wires, and each first electric wire of the at least two first electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the first inner core; the second connecting assembly comprises a second inner core and at least two second electric wires, and each second electric wire of the at least two second electric wires is electrically connected in a first end portion of the second inner core; and a second end portion of the second inner core is provided with a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is inserted in a second end portion of the first inner core, so that the each first electric wire is in an electrical communication with the each second electric wire. 2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein, the at least two first electric wires are arranged side by side, and the at least two second electric wires are arranged side by side. 3. The connector according to claim 2, wherein, an output terminal in an electrical communication with the each first electric wire is arranged inside the first inner core; the connecting portion is electrically connected to the each second electric wire, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core and is electrically connected to the output terminal. 4. The connector according to claim 1, wherein, a limiting hole is arranged in the second end portion of the first inner core; a first end portion of the connecting portion is fixedly connected on the second end portion of the second inner core, a second end portion of the connecting portion is inserted into the limiting hole, and an outer side surface of the second end portion of the connecting portion is an arc-shaped surface. 5. The connector according to claim 1, wherein, the first connecting assembly comprises a first housing, the at least two first electric wires are arranged inside the first housing, and the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the first housing in a penetration manner;
the second connecting assembly comprises a second housing, the at least two second electric wires and the second inner core are each arranged inside the second housing, and the connecting portion is arranged at a first end portion of the second housing in a penetration manner; and a positioning hole cooperating with the first inner core is arranged in the first end portion of the second housing, the first inner core extends into the positioning hole, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core. 6. The connector according to claim 5, further comprising an elastic member, wherein a first end portion of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the first end portion of the first inner core, a second end portion of the elastic member is fixedly connected to the first housing, and the elastic member is sleeved on an outer side of the each first electric wire. 7. The connector according to claim 6, wherein, the elastic member is a spring. 8. The connector according to claim 6, wherein, the first housing comprises a first segment and a second segment, an inner diameter of the first segment is smaller than an inner diameter of the second segment, and the first segment and the second segment are sequentially connected; the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the second segment in a penetration manner;
the second housing comprises a third segment and a fourth segment, an inner diameter of the third segment is larger than an inner diameter of the fourth segment, and the third segment and the fourth segment are sequentially connected; the second inner core is located in the fourth segment, and the positioning hole and the connecting portion are both arranged in the third segment; and the first end portion of the second segment is fixedly connected to a first end portion of the third segment. 9. The connector according to claim 8, wherein, the elastic member is located in the second segment; a step is provided at a connection between an inner wall of the first segment and an inner wall of the second segment, and the second end portion of the elastic member is abutted and connected to the step. 10. The connector according to claim 5, wherein, the first housing comprises two first half housings and the two first half housings are detachably engaged; the second housing comprises two second half housings and the two second half are detachably engaged. 11. The connector according to claim 2, wherein, a limiting hole is arranged in the second end portion of the first inner core; a first end portion of the connecting portion is fixedly connected on the second end portion of the second inner core, a second end portion of the connecting portion is inserted into the limiting hole, and an outer side surface of the second end portion of the connecting portion is an arc-shaped surface. 12. The connector according to claim 3, wherein, a limiting hole is arranged in the second end portion of the first inner core; a first end portion of the connecting portion is fixedly connected on the second end portion of the second inner core, a second end portion of the connecting portion is inserted into the limiting hole, and an outer side surface of the second end portion of the connecting portion is an arc-shaped surface. 13. The connector according to claim 2, wherein, the first connecting assembly comprises a first housing, the at least two first electric wires are arranged inside the first housing, and the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the first housing in a penetration manner;
the second connecting assembly comprises a second housing, the at least two second electric wires and the second inner core are each arranged inside the second housing, and the connecting portion is arranged at a first end portion of the second housing in a penetration manner; and a positioning hole cooperating with the first inner core is arranged in the first end portion of the second housing, the first inner core extends into the positioning hole, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core. 14. The connector according to claim 3, wherein, the first connecting assembly comprises a first housing, the at least two first electric wires are arranged inside the first housing, and the first inner core is arranged at a first end portion of the first housing in a penetration manner;
the second connecting assembly comprises a second housing, the at least two second electric wires and the second inner core are each arranged inside the second housing, and the connecting portion is arranged at a first end portion of the second housing in a penetration manner; and a positioning hole cooperating with the first inner core is arranged in the first end portion of the second housing, the first inner core extends into the positioning hole, and the connecting portion is inserted into the second end portion of the first inner core. | 3,700 |
343,424 | 16,802,858 | 3,723 | The present invention discloses a bend control optimization method and system. The bend control optimization method includes: acquiring lateral motion data of a vehicle, where the lateral motion data includes a steering angle; determining a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data; determining a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration; determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount; and adjusting longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle according to the longitudinal acceleration correction amount to assist the vehicle to conduct bend driving. The bend control optimization method and system provided by the present invention can simultaneously control the longitudinal motion and the lateral motion of the vehicle to improve comfortableness when the vehicle drives into the bend and avoid that the vehicle collides with another vehicle on an adjacent lane when the vehicle drives into and out of a roundabout. | 1. A bend control optimization method, comprising:
acquiring lateral motion data of a vehicle, wherein the lateral motion data comprises a steering angle; determining a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data; determining a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration; determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount; and adjusting longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle according to the longitudinal acceleration correction amount to assist the vehicle to conduct bend driving. 2. The bend control optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data specifically comprises:
determining the lateral acceleration according to a formula: 3. The bend control optimization method according to claim 2, wherein the determining a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration specifically comprises:
acquiring correction conditions; judging whether the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration meet the correction conditions to obtain a first judging result; and determining the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to a formula: 4. The bend control optimization method according to claim 3, wherein the determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount specifically comprises:
determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to a formula:
Ax*=kAx,
wherein Ax* is the longitudinal acceleration correction amount, k is an acceleration correction coefficient, and the acceleration correction coefficient comprises an accelerating correction coefficient and a decelerating correction coefficient. 5. A bend control optimization system, comprising:
a lateral motion data acquiring module configured to acquire lateral motion data of a vehicle, wherein the lateral motion data comprises a steering angle; a lateral acceleration determining module configured to determine a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data; a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount determining module configured to determine a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration; a longitudinal acceleration correction amount determining module configured to determine a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount; and an adjusting module configured to adjust longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle according to the longitudinal acceleration correction amount to assist the vehicle to conduct bend driving. 6. The bend control optimization system according to claim 5, wherein the lateral acceleration determining module specifically comprises:
a lateral acceleration determining unit used for determining the lateral acceleration according to a formula: 7. The bend control optimization system according to claim 6, wherein the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount determining module specifically comprises:
a correction condition acquiring unit configured to acquire correction conditions; a first judging unit configured to judge or determine whether the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration meet the correction conditions to obtain a first judging result; and a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount determining unit configured to determine the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to a formula: 8. The bend control optimization system according to claim 7, wherein the longitudinal acceleration correction amount determining module specifically comprises:
a longitudinal acceleration correction amount determining unit configured to determine a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to a formula:
Ax*=kAx,
wherein Ax* is the longitudinal acceleration correction amount, k is an acceleration correction coefficient, and the acceleration correction coefficient comprises an accelerating correction coefficient and a decelerating correction coefficient. | The present invention discloses a bend control optimization method and system. The bend control optimization method includes: acquiring lateral motion data of a vehicle, where the lateral motion data includes a steering angle; determining a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data; determining a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration; determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount; and adjusting longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle according to the longitudinal acceleration correction amount to assist the vehicle to conduct bend driving. The bend control optimization method and system provided by the present invention can simultaneously control the longitudinal motion and the lateral motion of the vehicle to improve comfortableness when the vehicle drives into the bend and avoid that the vehicle collides with another vehicle on an adjacent lane when the vehicle drives into and out of a roundabout.1. A bend control optimization method, comprising:
acquiring lateral motion data of a vehicle, wherein the lateral motion data comprises a steering angle; determining a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data; determining a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration; determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount; and adjusting longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle according to the longitudinal acceleration correction amount to assist the vehicle to conduct bend driving. 2. The bend control optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data specifically comprises:
determining the lateral acceleration according to a formula: 3. The bend control optimization method according to claim 2, wherein the determining a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration specifically comprises:
acquiring correction conditions; judging whether the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration meet the correction conditions to obtain a first judging result; and determining the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to a formula: 4. The bend control optimization method according to claim 3, wherein the determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount specifically comprises:
determining a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to a formula:
Ax*=kAx,
wherein Ax* is the longitudinal acceleration correction amount, k is an acceleration correction coefficient, and the acceleration correction coefficient comprises an accelerating correction coefficient and a decelerating correction coefficient. 5. A bend control optimization system, comprising:
a lateral motion data acquiring module configured to acquire lateral motion data of a vehicle, wherein the lateral motion data comprises a steering angle; a lateral acceleration determining module configured to determine a lateral acceleration according to the lateral motion data; a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount determining module configured to determine a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration; a longitudinal acceleration correction amount determining module configured to determine a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount; and an adjusting module configured to adjust longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle according to the longitudinal acceleration correction amount to assist the vehicle to conduct bend driving. 6. The bend control optimization system according to claim 5, wherein the lateral acceleration determining module specifically comprises:
a lateral acceleration determining unit used for determining the lateral acceleration according to a formula: 7. The bend control optimization system according to claim 6, wherein the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount determining module specifically comprises:
a correction condition acquiring unit configured to acquire correction conditions; a first judging unit configured to judge or determine whether the lateral motion data and the lateral acceleration meet the correction conditions to obtain a first judging result; and a longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount determining unit configured to determine the longitudinal acceleration pre-correction amount of the vehicle according to a formula: 8. The bend control optimization system according to claim 7, wherein the longitudinal acceleration correction amount determining module specifically comprises:
a longitudinal acceleration correction amount determining unit configured to determine a longitudinal acceleration correction amount according to a formula:
Ax*=kAx,
wherein Ax* is the longitudinal acceleration correction amount, k is an acceleration correction coefficient, and the acceleration correction coefficient comprises an accelerating correction coefficient and a decelerating correction coefficient. | 3,700 |
343,425 | 16,802,835 | 3,723 | When a diagnostic period of a specific failure arrives, a management center transmits, to a vehicle, an instruction to order execution of a failure diagnosis of the specific failure. When an ECU of the vehicle receives the instruction to order execution of the failure diagnosis from the management center, the ECU of the vehicle determines whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed. When the failure diagnosis cannot be executed, the ECU causes the vehicle to continue traveling without executing the failure diagnosis, and ends a process. In this case, the ECU postpones the failure diagnosis in the current diagnostic period, and executes the failure diagnosis when a next diagnostic period arrives. When the ECU determines that the failure diagnosis can be executed, the ECU executes the failure diagnosis. | 1. A controller for a vehicle capable of automated driving, the controller comprising:
a storage unit that stores at least one traveling pattern for executing a failure diagnosis of the vehicle; and a control unit that controls traveling of the vehicle, wherein when a diagnostic period of the failure diagnosis arrives during automated driving, the control unit determines whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed, and when the failure diagnosis can be executed, the control unit controls the vehicle to travel based on the traveling pattern, and executes the failure diagnosis. 2. The controller for the vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising
an information obtaining unit that obtains traveling information of the vehicle, wherein using the traveling information, the control unit determines whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed. 3. The controller for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the traveling patterns corresponding to contents of the failure diagnosis are stored in the storage unit, and depending on the traveling pattern, the control unit determines, using different determination criteria, whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed. 4. The controller for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit executes the failure diagnosis when the vehicle is traveling with an occupant not on board. | When a diagnostic period of a specific failure arrives, a management center transmits, to a vehicle, an instruction to order execution of a failure diagnosis of the specific failure. When an ECU of the vehicle receives the instruction to order execution of the failure diagnosis from the management center, the ECU of the vehicle determines whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed. When the failure diagnosis cannot be executed, the ECU causes the vehicle to continue traveling without executing the failure diagnosis, and ends a process. In this case, the ECU postpones the failure diagnosis in the current diagnostic period, and executes the failure diagnosis when a next diagnostic period arrives. When the ECU determines that the failure diagnosis can be executed, the ECU executes the failure diagnosis.1. A controller for a vehicle capable of automated driving, the controller comprising:
a storage unit that stores at least one traveling pattern for executing a failure diagnosis of the vehicle; and a control unit that controls traveling of the vehicle, wherein when a diagnostic period of the failure diagnosis arrives during automated driving, the control unit determines whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed, and when the failure diagnosis can be executed, the control unit controls the vehicle to travel based on the traveling pattern, and executes the failure diagnosis. 2. The controller for the vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising
an information obtaining unit that obtains traveling information of the vehicle, wherein using the traveling information, the control unit determines whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed. 3. The controller for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the traveling patterns corresponding to contents of the failure diagnosis are stored in the storage unit, and depending on the traveling pattern, the control unit determines, using different determination criteria, whether or not the failure diagnosis can be executed. 4. The controller for the vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit executes the failure diagnosis when the vehicle is traveling with an occupant not on board. | 3,700 |
343,426 | 16,802,841 | 3,723 | Systems and method for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties are provided. In one embodiment, a system includes a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient and at least one processor configured to receive the physiological data from the plurality of sensors, and determine, from the physiological data, signal markers indicative of an apparent or likely patient age. The at least one processor is also configured to at least one of scale and regulate the physiological data using at least the apparent patient age to create age-compensated data, and generate a report including the age-compensated data. | 1. A system for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient while receiving the at least one drug having anesthetic properties; at least one processor configured to:
acquire physiological data from the plurality of sensors;
determine, from the physiological data, signal markers at least consistent with a patient age; and
generate a report including at least the physiological data adjusted for the patient age based on at least one of the signal markers. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to identify signatures related to at least one of an amplitude and a power spectrum to determine the signal markers from the physiological data. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to adjust at least one of an amplifier gain and a scale for the report including at least the physiological data in based on at least one of the signal markers and the indication. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to assemble the physiological data into time-series data using a multitaper approach to account for a dynamic range of signals spanning several orders of magnitude. 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising a user interface configured to receive an indication of at least one characteristic of the patient and wherein the processor is further configured to adjust for the patient age based on the at least one a characteristic of the patient. 6. A method for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the method comprising:
acquiring scout data from the plurality of sensors; determining, from the scout data, a patient age; acquiring physiological data from the plurality of sensors; and generating a report including the physiological data at least one of scaled and reported against a scale based on the patient age. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein determining the patient age includes determining signal markers from the scout data related to at least one of an amplitude and a power spectrum and comparing the signal markers against an age indicator. 8. The method of claim 6 further comprising regulating acquisition of the physiological data based on the patient age. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein regulating includes adjusting at least one amplifier gain based on the patient age. 10. The method of claim 8 wherein regulating includes performing a multitaper analysis to account for a dynamic range of signals spanning several orders of magnitude. 11. A system for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient; at least one processor configured to:
receive the physiological data from the plurality of sensors;
determine, from the physiological data, signal markers indicative of an apparent patient age;
at least one of scale or regulate the physiological data using at least the apparent patient age to create age-compensated data; and
generate a report including the age-compensated data. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the processor is further configured to identify signatures related to at least one of an amplitude and a power spectrum to determine the signal makers. 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the processor is further configured to adjust at least one amplifier gain in accordance with the signal markers to scale the physiological data. 14. The system of claim 11 further comprising a user interface configured to receive an input patient age of the patient and wherein the processor is further configured to at least one of scale and regulate the physiological data based on the apparent patient age and the input patient age. 15. A method for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the method comprising:
acquiring scout data from the plurality of sensors; determining, from the scout data, a scale at least consistent with a patient age; regulating acquisition of the physiological data based on the scale; and generating a report including the physiological data associated with the scale. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein determining the scale includes identifying age-correlated signal markers from the scout data and selecting the scale from a plurality of scales based on the age-correlated signal markers. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein regulating acquisition of the physiological data comprises adjusting at least one amplifier gain based on the scale. 18. A system for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient; a user interface configured to receive an indication of at least one of a characteristic of the patient; a processor configured to:
determine, from at least the indication of at least one of a characteristic of the patient, a likely patient age;
select a scale based on the likely patient age; and
a display configured to display the physiological data against the scale. 19. The system of claim 18 wherein the processor is further configured to determine, from the physiological data, an apparent patient age and select the scale based on the apparent patient age and the likely age. 20. The system of claim 18 wherein the processor is further configured to perform a multitaper process to account for a dynamic range of signals spanning several orders of magnitude to format the physiological data to be displayed against the scale. | Systems and method for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties are provided. In one embodiment, a system includes a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient and at least one processor configured to receive the physiological data from the plurality of sensors, and determine, from the physiological data, signal markers indicative of an apparent or likely patient age. The at least one processor is also configured to at least one of scale and regulate the physiological data using at least the apparent patient age to create age-compensated data, and generate a report including the age-compensated data.1. A system for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient while receiving the at least one drug having anesthetic properties; at least one processor configured to:
acquire physiological data from the plurality of sensors;
determine, from the physiological data, signal markers at least consistent with a patient age; and
generate a report including at least the physiological data adjusted for the patient age based on at least one of the signal markers. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to identify signatures related to at least one of an amplitude and a power spectrum to determine the signal markers from the physiological data. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to adjust at least one of an amplifier gain and a scale for the report including at least the physiological data in based on at least one of the signal markers and the indication. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to assemble the physiological data into time-series data using a multitaper approach to account for a dynamic range of signals spanning several orders of magnitude. 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising a user interface configured to receive an indication of at least one characteristic of the patient and wherein the processor is further configured to adjust for the patient age based on the at least one a characteristic of the patient. 6. A method for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the method comprising:
acquiring scout data from the plurality of sensors; determining, from the scout data, a patient age; acquiring physiological data from the plurality of sensors; and generating a report including the physiological data at least one of scaled and reported against a scale based on the patient age. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein determining the patient age includes determining signal markers from the scout data related to at least one of an amplitude and a power spectrum and comparing the signal markers against an age indicator. 8. The method of claim 6 further comprising regulating acquisition of the physiological data based on the patient age. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein regulating includes adjusting at least one amplifier gain based on the patient age. 10. The method of claim 8 wherein regulating includes performing a multitaper analysis to account for a dynamic range of signals spanning several orders of magnitude. 11. A system for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient; at least one processor configured to:
receive the physiological data from the plurality of sensors;
determine, from the physiological data, signal markers indicative of an apparent patient age;
at least one of scale or regulate the physiological data using at least the apparent patient age to create age-compensated data; and
generate a report including the age-compensated data. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the processor is further configured to identify signatures related to at least one of an amplitude and a power spectrum to determine the signal makers. 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the processor is further configured to adjust at least one amplifier gain in accordance with the signal markers to scale the physiological data. 14. The system of claim 11 further comprising a user interface configured to receive an input patient age of the patient and wherein the processor is further configured to at least one of scale and regulate the physiological data based on the apparent patient age and the input patient age. 15. A method for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the method comprising:
acquiring scout data from the plurality of sensors; determining, from the scout data, a scale at least consistent with a patient age; regulating acquisition of the physiological data based on the scale; and generating a report including the physiological data associated with the scale. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein determining the scale includes identifying age-correlated signal markers from the scout data and selecting the scale from a plurality of scales based on the age-correlated signal markers. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein regulating acquisition of the physiological data comprises adjusting at least one amplifier gain based on the scale. 18. A system for age-compensated monitoring of a patient experiencing an administration of at least one drug having anesthetic properties, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors configured to acquire physiological data from the patient; a user interface configured to receive an indication of at least one of a characteristic of the patient; a processor configured to:
determine, from at least the indication of at least one of a characteristic of the patient, a likely patient age;
select a scale based on the likely patient age; and
a display configured to display the physiological data against the scale. 19. The system of claim 18 wherein the processor is further configured to determine, from the physiological data, an apparent patient age and select the scale based on the apparent patient age and the likely age. 20. The system of claim 18 wherein the processor is further configured to perform a multitaper process to account for a dynamic range of signals spanning several orders of magnitude to format the physiological data to be displayed against the scale. | 3,700 |
343,427 | 16,802,851 | 3,723 | A hydraulic vibration generation device is provided. The device includes a manifold member having an inner volume, a fluid inlet orifice and a fluid outlet orifice. The device further includes a vibration generating member having a channel grooved drive and an off-center weight, and bearing retaining plates. The inner volume receives the vibration generating member within the inner volume. The bearing retaining plate that retain bearings operate to retain the vibration generating member within the inner volume in response to coupling the bearing retaining plate to the manifold member wherein two bearings on opposing ends of the vibration generating member are retained within recesses of the bearing retaining plates. The vibration generating member rotates and generates vibration in response to hydraulic fluid flowing into the manifold member through the inlet orifice and out of the manifold member through the outlet orifice. | 1. A hydraulic vibration generation device comprising:
a manifold member comprising an inner volume, a fluid inlet orifice and a fluid outlet orifice; a vibration generating member comprising a channel grooved drive and an off-center weight, wherein:
the vibration generating member is a cylindrical shaft; and
the channel grooved drive comprises:
a channel formed in an outer surface of the shaft around a circumference of the shaft the channel forming a bottom surface having a circumference less than the circumference of the shaft, the channel forming a lip on either side of the bottom surface and extending transverse from the bottom surface of the channel to the outer surface of the shaft, the bottom surface having a constant width; and
a plurality of recessed grooves formed in the bottom surface of the channel, wherein each recessed groove of the plurality of recessed grooves extend along the width of the channel and are evenly spaced around the circumference of the channel; and
two retaining plates, wherein:
the inner volume receives the vibration generating member within the inner volume;
the retaining plates retain the vibration generating member within the inner volume in response to coupling the retaining plates to opposing ends of the manifold member; and
the vibration generating member rotates and generates vibration in response to hydraulic oil flowing into the inner volume of the manifold member through the inlet orifice, wherein the hydraulic oil flows through the channel and a portion of the hydraulic oil engages the plurality of recessed grooves to rotate the vibration generating member, and the hydraulic oil flows out of the inner volume of the manifold member through the outlet orifice. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the vibration generating member comprises at least one void formed into the shaft to create the off-center weight shaft. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the manifold member is formed as a unitary member. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein inlet orifice and the outlet orifice of the manifold member is formed in the manifold member at any angle. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a sealing member coupled between the retaining plate and the manifold member. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising two bearings, wherein each bearing is operably coupled within a recess of one of the retaining plates. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the manifold member is configured to couple to an external device for vibrating the external device. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the vibration generating member is rotatable in one direction in response to flowing the hydraulic oil into the manifold member through the inlet orifice and out the outlet orifice and is rotatable in an opposite direction in response to flowing of the hydraulic oil into the manifold member through the outlet orifice and out the inlet orifice. | A hydraulic vibration generation device is provided. The device includes a manifold member having an inner volume, a fluid inlet orifice and a fluid outlet orifice. The device further includes a vibration generating member having a channel grooved drive and an off-center weight, and bearing retaining plates. The inner volume receives the vibration generating member within the inner volume. The bearing retaining plate that retain bearings operate to retain the vibration generating member within the inner volume in response to coupling the bearing retaining plate to the manifold member wherein two bearings on opposing ends of the vibration generating member are retained within recesses of the bearing retaining plates. The vibration generating member rotates and generates vibration in response to hydraulic fluid flowing into the manifold member through the inlet orifice and out of the manifold member through the outlet orifice.1. A hydraulic vibration generation device comprising:
a manifold member comprising an inner volume, a fluid inlet orifice and a fluid outlet orifice; a vibration generating member comprising a channel grooved drive and an off-center weight, wherein:
the vibration generating member is a cylindrical shaft; and
the channel grooved drive comprises:
a channel formed in an outer surface of the shaft around a circumference of the shaft the channel forming a bottom surface having a circumference less than the circumference of the shaft, the channel forming a lip on either side of the bottom surface and extending transverse from the bottom surface of the channel to the outer surface of the shaft, the bottom surface having a constant width; and
a plurality of recessed grooves formed in the bottom surface of the channel, wherein each recessed groove of the plurality of recessed grooves extend along the width of the channel and are evenly spaced around the circumference of the channel; and
two retaining plates, wherein:
the inner volume receives the vibration generating member within the inner volume;
the retaining plates retain the vibration generating member within the inner volume in response to coupling the retaining plates to opposing ends of the manifold member; and
the vibration generating member rotates and generates vibration in response to hydraulic oil flowing into the inner volume of the manifold member through the inlet orifice, wherein the hydraulic oil flows through the channel and a portion of the hydraulic oil engages the plurality of recessed grooves to rotate the vibration generating member, and the hydraulic oil flows out of the inner volume of the manifold member through the outlet orifice. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the vibration generating member comprises at least one void formed into the shaft to create the off-center weight shaft. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the manifold member is formed as a unitary member. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein inlet orifice and the outlet orifice of the manifold member is formed in the manifold member at any angle. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a sealing member coupled between the retaining plate and the manifold member. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising two bearings, wherein each bearing is operably coupled within a recess of one of the retaining plates. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the manifold member is configured to couple to an external device for vibrating the external device. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the vibration generating member is rotatable in one direction in response to flowing the hydraulic oil into the manifold member through the inlet orifice and out the outlet orifice and is rotatable in an opposite direction in response to flowing of the hydraulic oil into the manifold member through the outlet orifice and out the inlet orifice. | 3,700 |
343,428 | 16,802,842 | 3,723 | This invention relates to undergarments for use in active environments, where the wearer of such an undergarment is engaged in an activity that results in accelerating movements. In some preferred embodiments, these undergarments may be athletic or sports bras that redirect momentum related to a wearer's accelerating movements, for example, during exercise. | 1. A pressure-distributing article of apparel comprising:
an undergarment comprising:
a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue;
an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue;
a lower base band; and
a pair of straps,
wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer's breast tissue, and
wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 2. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the undergarment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 3. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of straps includes an outer shoulder strap and an inner shoulder strap, the outer shoulder strap and the inner shoulder strap having different pressure modulus values. 4. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the chest band includes an upper chest band and a lower chest band, the upper chest band and the lower chest band having different pressure modulus values. 5. The article of apparel according to claim 1 comprising:
a secondary undergarment attached at discrete points to the undergarment, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to provide uniform support to the wearer's breast tissue. 6. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the discrete points include shoulder positions, at least one front base position, or at least one back base position. 7. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment and the secondary undergarment are substantially decoupled. 8. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment is configured to be worn over the secondary undergarment. 9. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to be worn over the undergarment. 10. A system for managing accelerating movements of breast tissue comprising:
a first garment constructed with materials of varying moduli, wherein material with higher modulus values are adjacent to a root of the breast tissue; and a second garment attached at discrete locations to the first garment. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is constructed of materials having substantially uniform modulus. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the first garment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment includes a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue, an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a lower base band and a pair of straps, wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer breast tissue, and wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment and second garment are substantially decoupled. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment is configured to be worn over the second garment. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is configured to be worn over the first garment. 17. The system of claim 10 wherein shoulder straps of the first garment are configured differently than shoulder straps of the second garment. | This invention relates to undergarments for use in active environments, where the wearer of such an undergarment is engaged in an activity that results in accelerating movements. In some preferred embodiments, these undergarments may be athletic or sports bras that redirect momentum related to a wearer's accelerating movements, for example, during exercise.1. A pressure-distributing article of apparel comprising:
an undergarment comprising:
a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue;
an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue;
a lower base band; and
a pair of straps,
wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer's breast tissue, and
wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 2. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the undergarment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 3. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of straps includes an outer shoulder strap and an inner shoulder strap, the outer shoulder strap and the inner shoulder strap having different pressure modulus values. 4. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the chest band includes an upper chest band and a lower chest band, the upper chest band and the lower chest band having different pressure modulus values. 5. The article of apparel according to claim 1 comprising:
a secondary undergarment attached at discrete points to the undergarment, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to provide uniform support to the wearer's breast tissue. 6. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the discrete points include shoulder positions, at least one front base position, or at least one back base position. 7. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment and the secondary undergarment are substantially decoupled. 8. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment is configured to be worn over the secondary undergarment. 9. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to be worn over the undergarment. 10. A system for managing accelerating movements of breast tissue comprising:
a first garment constructed with materials of varying moduli, wherein material with higher modulus values are adjacent to a root of the breast tissue; and a second garment attached at discrete locations to the first garment. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is constructed of materials having substantially uniform modulus. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the first garment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment includes a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue, an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a lower base band and a pair of straps, wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer breast tissue, and wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment and second garment are substantially decoupled. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment is configured to be worn over the second garment. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is configured to be worn over the first garment. 17. The system of claim 10 wherein shoulder straps of the first garment are configured differently than shoulder straps of the second garment. | 3,700 |
343,429 | 16,802,820 | 3,723 | This invention relates to undergarments for use in active environments, where the wearer of such an undergarment is engaged in an activity that results in accelerating movements. In some preferred embodiments, these undergarments may be athletic or sports bras that redirect momentum related to a wearer's accelerating movements, for example, during exercise. | 1. A pressure-distributing article of apparel comprising:
an undergarment comprising:
a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue;
an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue;
a lower base band; and
a pair of straps,
wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer's breast tissue, and
wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 2. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the undergarment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 3. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of straps includes an outer shoulder strap and an inner shoulder strap, the outer shoulder strap and the inner shoulder strap having different pressure modulus values. 4. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the chest band includes an upper chest band and a lower chest band, the upper chest band and the lower chest band having different pressure modulus values. 5. The article of apparel according to claim 1 comprising:
a secondary undergarment attached at discrete points to the undergarment, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to provide uniform support to the wearer's breast tissue. 6. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the discrete points include shoulder positions, at least one front base position, or at least one back base position. 7. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment and the secondary undergarment are substantially decoupled. 8. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment is configured to be worn over the secondary undergarment. 9. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to be worn over the undergarment. 10. A system for managing accelerating movements of breast tissue comprising:
a first garment constructed with materials of varying moduli, wherein material with higher modulus values are adjacent to a root of the breast tissue; and a second garment attached at discrete locations to the first garment. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is constructed of materials having substantially uniform modulus. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the first garment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment includes a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue, an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a lower base band and a pair of straps, wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer breast tissue, and wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment and second garment are substantially decoupled. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment is configured to be worn over the second garment. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is configured to be worn over the first garment. 17. The system of claim 10 wherein shoulder straps of the first garment are configured differently than shoulder straps of the second garment. | This invention relates to undergarments for use in active environments, where the wearer of such an undergarment is engaged in an activity that results in accelerating movements. In some preferred embodiments, these undergarments may be athletic or sports bras that redirect momentum related to a wearer's accelerating movements, for example, during exercise.1. A pressure-distributing article of apparel comprising:
an undergarment comprising:
a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue;
an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue;
a lower base band; and
a pair of straps,
wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer's breast tissue, and
wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 2. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the undergarment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 3. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of straps includes an outer shoulder strap and an inner shoulder strap, the outer shoulder strap and the inner shoulder strap having different pressure modulus values. 4. The article of apparel according to claim 1, wherein the chest band includes an upper chest band and a lower chest band, the upper chest band and the lower chest band having different pressure modulus values. 5. The article of apparel according to claim 1 comprising:
a secondary undergarment attached at discrete points to the undergarment, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to provide uniform support to the wearer's breast tissue. 6. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the discrete points include shoulder positions, at least one front base position, or at least one back base position. 7. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment and the secondary undergarment are substantially decoupled. 8. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the undergarment is configured to be worn over the secondary undergarment. 9. The article of apparel according to claim 5, wherein the secondary undergarment is configured to be worn over the undergarment. 10. A system for managing accelerating movements of breast tissue comprising:
a first garment constructed with materials of varying moduli, wherein material with higher modulus values are adjacent to a root of the breast tissue; and a second garment attached at discrete locations to the first garment. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is constructed of materials having substantially uniform modulus. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the first garment is constructed using three-dimensional knitting. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment includes a chest band positioned to move around a top of a wearer's breast tissue to anchor a root of the breast tissue, an upper base band configured to support around an underside of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a part of the upper base band forming a side wing to support a side of the root of the wearer's breast tissue, a lower base band and a pair of straps, wherein the chest band, the upper base band and the side wing being configured to support breast tissue directly around a root of the breast tissue in a first amount to control accelerating movements of the wearer breast tissue, and wherein the first amount of support is greater than a second amount of support provided by the lower base band of the undergarment. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment and second garment are substantially decoupled. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the first garment is configured to be worn over the second garment. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the second garment is configured to be worn over the first garment. 17. The system of claim 10 wherein shoulder straps of the first garment are configured differently than shoulder straps of the second garment. | 3,700 |
343,430 | 16,802,838 | 3,723 | An apparatus and method are disclosed for the automated manufacture of a duct flange profile to make small duct fittings, including a TDF duct flange profile. The duct flange profile is directed to small part duct fittings with section widths up to about 16 inches in 20 to 26 gauge metal. The apparatus includes a bending head assembly having a drive roller, a pressure roller, an anvil and a bending leaf and a roll form assembly. | 1. An apparatus for making a TDF flange for use in the manufacture of a small duct fitting comprising a bending head assembly for making an intermediate TDF profile flange having a duct wall, a web and a flange and a roll form assembly for making a bead of a TDF profile, wherein the apparatus first makes the intermediate TDF profile duct flange and through the roll form assembly makes the TDF flange bead to complete the TDF duct flange. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the bending head assembly comprises a platen, a drive roller assembly, an anvil assembly and a bending leaf assembly. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a pressure roller assembly. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the drive roller assembly comprises a drive roller and a drive roller servo motor, the anvil assembly comprises an anvil and an anvil toggle cylinder, the bending leaf assembly comprises a bending leaf and a bending leaf servo motor and the pressure roller assembly comprises a pressure roller and a pressure roller cylinder. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising an anvil toggle connected to the anvil and the anvil toggle cylinder. 8. An apparatus for making a TDF flange for use in the manufacture of a small duct fitting comprising a bending head assembly for forming an intermediate TDF profile flange having a duct wall, a web and a flange comprising a platen for receiving a piece of sheet metal to be bent to form the TDF flange, a drive roller to move the sheet metal forward and backwards, an anvil for holding the sheet metal in a fixed position at various points in the process of making the TDF flange and for bending the sheet metal at various points in the process of making the TDF flange, a bending leaf for bending the sheet metal and a roll form assembly for forming a bead of a TDF profile, wherein the bending head assembly and roll form assembly form the TDF duct flange. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a pressure roller. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a drive roller servo motor, a pressure roller cylinder, an anvil toggle cylinder and a bending leaf servo motor. 11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the sheet metal is bent to make a hem prebend, the hem prebend is bent to form a flange, the flange is bent to form a lip, the lip is bent to form the intermediate TDF profile, and a TDF bead is formed in the duct wall to provide the completed TDF flange. 12. A method of making a TDF flange for use in the manufacture of a small duct fitting comprising the steps of
a. inserting a piece of sheet metal into an apparatus for making the TDF flange comprising a bending head assembly and a roll form assembly, b. wherein the bending head assembly and roll form assembly form the TDF duct flange through the following steps:
(i) the sheet metal is bent to make a hem prebend,
(ii) the hem prebend is bent to form a flange,
(iii) the flange is bent to form a lip,
(iv) the lip is bent to form an intermediate TDF profile, and
(v) a TDF bead is formed in a duct wall to provide the TDF flange. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the bending head assembly comprises a platen, a drive roller assembly, an anvil assembly and a bending leaf assembly. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising a pressure roller assembly. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the drive roller assembly comprises a drive roller and a drive roller servo motor, the anvil assembly comprises an anvil and an anvil toggle cylinder, the bending leaf assembly comprises a bending leaf and a bending leaf servo motor and the pressure roller assembly comprises a pressure roller and a pressure roller cylinder. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. | An apparatus and method are disclosed for the automated manufacture of a duct flange profile to make small duct fittings, including a TDF duct flange profile. The duct flange profile is directed to small part duct fittings with section widths up to about 16 inches in 20 to 26 gauge metal. The apparatus includes a bending head assembly having a drive roller, a pressure roller, an anvil and a bending leaf and a roll form assembly.1. An apparatus for making a TDF flange for use in the manufacture of a small duct fitting comprising a bending head assembly for making an intermediate TDF profile flange having a duct wall, a web and a flange and a roll form assembly for making a bead of a TDF profile, wherein the apparatus first makes the intermediate TDF profile duct flange and through the roll form assembly makes the TDF flange bead to complete the TDF duct flange. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the bending head assembly comprises a platen, a drive roller assembly, an anvil assembly and a bending leaf assembly. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a pressure roller assembly. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the drive roller assembly comprises a drive roller and a drive roller servo motor, the anvil assembly comprises an anvil and an anvil toggle cylinder, the bending leaf assembly comprises a bending leaf and a bending leaf servo motor and the pressure roller assembly comprises a pressure roller and a pressure roller cylinder. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising an anvil toggle connected to the anvil and the anvil toggle cylinder. 8. An apparatus for making a TDF flange for use in the manufacture of a small duct fitting comprising a bending head assembly for forming an intermediate TDF profile flange having a duct wall, a web and a flange comprising a platen for receiving a piece of sheet metal to be bent to form the TDF flange, a drive roller to move the sheet metal forward and backwards, an anvil for holding the sheet metal in a fixed position at various points in the process of making the TDF flange and for bending the sheet metal at various points in the process of making the TDF flange, a bending leaf for bending the sheet metal and a roll form assembly for forming a bead of a TDF profile, wherein the bending head assembly and roll form assembly form the TDF duct flange. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a pressure roller. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a drive roller servo motor, a pressure roller cylinder, an anvil toggle cylinder and a bending leaf servo motor. 11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the sheet metal is bent to make a hem prebend, the hem prebend is bent to form a flange, the flange is bent to form a lip, the lip is bent to form the intermediate TDF profile, and a TDF bead is formed in the duct wall to provide the completed TDF flange. 12. A method of making a TDF flange for use in the manufacture of a small duct fitting comprising the steps of
a. inserting a piece of sheet metal into an apparatus for making the TDF flange comprising a bending head assembly and a roll form assembly, b. wherein the bending head assembly and roll form assembly form the TDF duct flange through the following steps:
(i) the sheet metal is bent to make a hem prebend,
(ii) the hem prebend is bent to form a flange,
(iii) the flange is bent to form a lip,
(iv) the lip is bent to form an intermediate TDF profile, and
(v) a TDF bead is formed in a duct wall to provide the TDF flange. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the bending head assembly comprises a platen, a drive roller assembly, an anvil assembly and a bending leaf assembly. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising a pressure roller assembly. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the drive roller assembly comprises a drive roller and a drive roller servo motor, the anvil assembly comprises an anvil and an anvil toggle cylinder, the bending leaf assembly comprises a bending leaf and a bending leaf servo motor and the pressure roller assembly comprises a pressure roller and a pressure roller cylinder. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the roll form assembly comprises an upper head roller and a lower bead forming roller. | 3,700 |
343,431 | 16,802,818 | 3,723 | Methods for commissioning a domestic appliance, as provided herein, may include the transmission and receiving of signals between the domestic appliance, a previously-commissioned appliance, a remote user-interface device, and a remote server such that a network credential for a local wireless network is transmitted from the previously-commissioned appliance to the domestic appliance. | 1. A method of commissioning a domestic appliance, the method comprising:
opening a connection channel at a wireless access point on the domestic appliance; establishing communication between a remote user interface device and the wireless access point via the open connection channel; directing addition of the domestic appliance to a user account subsequent to establishing communication between the remote user interface device and the wireless access point prompting transmission of a request for a network credential to a previously-commissioned appliance in response to directing addition of the domestic appliance; and receiving the network credential at the domestic appliance from the previously-commissioned appliance in response to prompting transmission of the request to the previously-commissioned appliance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network credential is received through the remote user interface device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the network credential is transmitted to the remote user interface device from a remote server prior to receipt at the domestic appliance. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein, prior to receipt of the network credential through the remote user interface device, the remote server identifies the previously-commissioned appliance from a set of user-associated appliances and transmits the request for the network credential to the previously-commissioned appliance. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the network credential is erased at the remote server in response to the network credential being transmitted through the remote user interface device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the connection channel is single-device channel. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying the network credential to connect the domestic appliance directly to a corresponding wireless network. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the previously-commissioned appliance is connected directly to the corresponding wireless network. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the connection channel comprises a transport layer security protocol. 10. A method of commissioning a domestic appliance, the method comprising:
receiving a commissioning request for the domestic appliance at a remote server; transmitting a request for a network credential of a local wireless network to a previously-commissioned appliance from the remote server through the local wireless network in response to receiving the commission request, the request being transmitted through the local wireless network; receiving the network credential from the previously-commissioned appliance; and transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the commissioning request is received from a remote user interface device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance comprises transmitting the network credential through a remote user interface device, the remote user interface device being in direct communication with the domestic appliance via a wireless connection channel. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the wireless connection channel is single-device channel. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the connection channel comprises a transport layer security protocol. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising identifying the previously-commissioned appliance from a set of user-associated appliances prior to transmitting the request for the network credential. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein identifying the previously-commissioned appliance is in response to receiving the commissioning request. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising erasing the network credential at the remote server in response to transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising communicating directly with the domestic appliance through the local wireless network subsequent to transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance. | Methods for commissioning a domestic appliance, as provided herein, may include the transmission and receiving of signals between the domestic appliance, a previously-commissioned appliance, a remote user-interface device, and a remote server such that a network credential for a local wireless network is transmitted from the previously-commissioned appliance to the domestic appliance.1. A method of commissioning a domestic appliance, the method comprising:
opening a connection channel at a wireless access point on the domestic appliance; establishing communication between a remote user interface device and the wireless access point via the open connection channel; directing addition of the domestic appliance to a user account subsequent to establishing communication between the remote user interface device and the wireless access point prompting transmission of a request for a network credential to a previously-commissioned appliance in response to directing addition of the domestic appliance; and receiving the network credential at the domestic appliance from the previously-commissioned appliance in response to prompting transmission of the request to the previously-commissioned appliance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network credential is received through the remote user interface device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the network credential is transmitted to the remote user interface device from a remote server prior to receipt at the domestic appliance. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein, prior to receipt of the network credential through the remote user interface device, the remote server identifies the previously-commissioned appliance from a set of user-associated appliances and transmits the request for the network credential to the previously-commissioned appliance. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the network credential is erased at the remote server in response to the network credential being transmitted through the remote user interface device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the connection channel is single-device channel. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying the network credential to connect the domestic appliance directly to a corresponding wireless network. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the previously-commissioned appliance is connected directly to the corresponding wireless network. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the connection channel comprises a transport layer security protocol. 10. A method of commissioning a domestic appliance, the method comprising:
receiving a commissioning request for the domestic appliance at a remote server; transmitting a request for a network credential of a local wireless network to a previously-commissioned appliance from the remote server through the local wireless network in response to receiving the commission request, the request being transmitted through the local wireless network; receiving the network credential from the previously-commissioned appliance; and transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the commissioning request is received from a remote user interface device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance comprises transmitting the network credential through a remote user interface device, the remote user interface device being in direct communication with the domestic appliance via a wireless connection channel. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the wireless connection channel is single-device channel. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the connection channel comprises a transport layer security protocol. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising identifying the previously-commissioned appliance from a set of user-associated appliances prior to transmitting the request for the network credential. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein identifying the previously-commissioned appliance is in response to receiving the commissioning request. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising erasing the network credential at the remote server in response to transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising communicating directly with the domestic appliance through the local wireless network subsequent to transmitting the network credential to the domestic appliance. | 3,700 |
343,432 | 16,802,763 | 2,485 | A 3D track assessment method is disclosed for identifying and assessing features of a railway track bed based on 3D elevation and intensity data gathered from the railway track bed. | 1. A method of removing rail head features from 3D elevation maps so that such maps can be further analyzed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail head edge feature coordinates, and rail base edge feature coordinates to a processor; b. defining rail base surface zones based on the rail head edge feature coordinates and the rail base edge feature coordinates; c. setting elevation values between rail head edges in rail head zones to NULL; d. defining a rail base 2D sliding neighborhood window; e. moving the neighborhood window along the rail base surface zones using the processor; and f. determining the lowest elevation value in the neighborhood window at a plurality of positions along the rail base surface zones using the processor. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of calculating surface elevations between the rail base surface zones on either side of each rail of a railway track bed by interpolating the minimum elevations that were calculated when determining the lowest elevation value in the neighborhood window at a plurality of positions along the rail base surface zones using the processor. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of substituting the calculated surface elevations in for the elevation values that were previously set to NULL for the rail head zones. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of applying a smoothing filter to the rail head zones. 5. A method of detecting rail base weld features along the rails of a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail head edge feature coordinates, and rail base edge feature coordinates to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. defining rail base surface zones based on the rail head edge feature coordinates and the rail base edge feature coordinates; c. defining a rail base 2D sliding neighborhood window; d. moving the neighborhood window along the rail base surface zones using the processor; and e. identifying weld targets for each rail base surface zone using the processor. f. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of:
f. pairing weld targets that occur on rail base surfaces on both sides of a rail to define weld features;
g. determining the physical parameters of weld features using the processor; and
h. calculating elevation differentials across weld features based on the surface elevations on both sides of each weld feature using the processor. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of determining the lowest elevation value in the neighborhood window at a plurality of positions along the rail base surface zones. 8. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of determining whether identified weld targets occur on both sides of either rail and eliminating weld targets that do not occur on both sides of either rail. 9. A method of detecting railroad tie distress using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data detected tie bounding box data, and approximate tie surface plane data to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. comparing ties in the elevation data with a tie surface plane model by calculating the difference between the tie surface elevation data and the tie surface plane model using the processor; and c. identifying tie surface regions with elevations less than a tie surface plane minus a crack depth threshold as tie crack targets using the processor. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of determining physical parameters of crack targets using the processor. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying tie surface regions with elevations greater a tie surface plane plus a ballast height threshold as ballast obscured areas using the processor. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of eliminating small area and small length tie crack targets using the processor. 13. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying tie end regions with crack target areas greater than a cracked area threshold using the processor. 14. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying tie surface regions between rails which deviate either above or below a planar surface approximation by an amount greater than a broken tie threshold using the processor. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
a. determining whether ties in the elevation data are concrete ties; and
b. determining whether tie end surface normal angle differences in concrete ties in the elevation data are greater than a broken concrete tie surface normal angle threshold using the processor. 16. A method of calculating ballast shoulder volume along a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, longitudinal and transverse elevation map sample resolution data, rail base edge feature coordinates, detected tie bounding box data, and a distance reporting interval to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. defining a volume analysis reporting interval; c. establishing a start point for analysis; d. establishing an endpoint for analysis based on the start point; e. extracting elevation measurements in an elevation map subsection based on a reporting interval between a start point and an endpoint; f. defining a reference plane approximation based on elevation data within the elevation map subsection corresponding to locations within tie bounding boxes which are least square fitted to define the reference plane approximation; g. defining (A) field regions or gage regions or (B) field regions and gage regions using rail base edge feature coordinates; h. calculating ballast elevations in (A) the field regions or the gage regions or (B) the field regions and the gage regions; i. calculating the elevation differences between the (1) reference plane approximation and (2) (A) the field regions or the gage regions or (B) the field regions and the gage regions; j. defining a 2D cell area based on a longitudinal sample spacing multiplied by a transverse sample spacing; and k. calculating the volume in (A) the field regions or the gage regions or (B) the field regions and the gage regions using the calculated elevation difference in step i. and the 2D cell area defined in step j. 17. A method of determining rail seat abrasion along a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail base edge feature coordinates, detected tie bounding box data, fastener type and location data, and rail type data to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. identifying a plurality of fasteners in a tie bounding box using the processor; c. extracting tie top, rail base, and insulator measurement points for each fastener in the tie bounding box using the processor; d. calculating the difference between a rail base elevation and a tie top elevation and adjusting for a rail base thickness to provide a rail seat abrasion measurement using the processor; and e. flagging the appropriate rail within the tie bounding box if a rail seat abrasion measurement is less than a defined threshold using the processor. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of determining whether the number of fasteners in the tie bounding box is less than four and, if the number is less than four, recording a broken or missing fastener for that tie bounding box using the processor. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of calculating neighborhood elevations for fastener measurement points using the processor. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of calculating the difference in elevation between the top of an insulator and the top of the tie to provide an insulator thickness measurement using the processor; and flagging the appropriate rail within the tie bounding box if an insulator thickness measurement is less than a defined threshold using the processor. 21. A method of determining insulator thickness along a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail base edge feature coordinates, detected tie bounding box data, fastener type and location data, and rail type data to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. identifying a plurality of fasteners in a tie bounding box using the processor; c. extracting tie top, rail base, and insulator measurement points for each fastener in the tie bounding box using the processor; d. calculating the difference in elevation between the top of an insulator and the top of the tie to provide an insulator thickness measurement using the processor; and e. flagging the appropriate rail within the tie bounding box if an insulator thickness measurement is less than a defined threshold using the processor. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of determining whether the number of fasteners in the tie bounding box is less than four and, if the number is less than four, recording a broken or missing fastener for that tie bounding box using the processor. 23. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of calculating neighborhood elevations for fastener measurement points using the processor. | A 3D track assessment method is disclosed for identifying and assessing features of a railway track bed based on 3D elevation and intensity data gathered from the railway track bed.1. A method of removing rail head features from 3D elevation maps so that such maps can be further analyzed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail head edge feature coordinates, and rail base edge feature coordinates to a processor; b. defining rail base surface zones based on the rail head edge feature coordinates and the rail base edge feature coordinates; c. setting elevation values between rail head edges in rail head zones to NULL; d. defining a rail base 2D sliding neighborhood window; e. moving the neighborhood window along the rail base surface zones using the processor; and f. determining the lowest elevation value in the neighborhood window at a plurality of positions along the rail base surface zones using the processor. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of calculating surface elevations between the rail base surface zones on either side of each rail of a railway track bed by interpolating the minimum elevations that were calculated when determining the lowest elevation value in the neighborhood window at a plurality of positions along the rail base surface zones using the processor. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of substituting the calculated surface elevations in for the elevation values that were previously set to NULL for the rail head zones. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of applying a smoothing filter to the rail head zones. 5. A method of detecting rail base weld features along the rails of a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail head edge feature coordinates, and rail base edge feature coordinates to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. defining rail base surface zones based on the rail head edge feature coordinates and the rail base edge feature coordinates; c. defining a rail base 2D sliding neighborhood window; d. moving the neighborhood window along the rail base surface zones using the processor; and e. identifying weld targets for each rail base surface zone using the processor. f. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of:
f. pairing weld targets that occur on rail base surfaces on both sides of a rail to define weld features;
g. determining the physical parameters of weld features using the processor; and
h. calculating elevation differentials across weld features based on the surface elevations on both sides of each weld feature using the processor. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of determining the lowest elevation value in the neighborhood window at a plurality of positions along the rail base surface zones. 8. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of determining whether identified weld targets occur on both sides of either rail and eliminating weld targets that do not occur on both sides of either rail. 9. A method of detecting railroad tie distress using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data detected tie bounding box data, and approximate tie surface plane data to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. comparing ties in the elevation data with a tie surface plane model by calculating the difference between the tie surface elevation data and the tie surface plane model using the processor; and c. identifying tie surface regions with elevations less than a tie surface plane minus a crack depth threshold as tie crack targets using the processor. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of determining physical parameters of crack targets using the processor. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying tie surface regions with elevations greater a tie surface plane plus a ballast height threshold as ballast obscured areas using the processor. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of eliminating small area and small length tie crack targets using the processor. 13. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying tie end regions with crack target areas greater than a cracked area threshold using the processor. 14. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying tie surface regions between rails which deviate either above or below a planar surface approximation by an amount greater than a broken tie threshold using the processor. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
a. determining whether ties in the elevation data are concrete ties; and
b. determining whether tie end surface normal angle differences in concrete ties in the elevation data are greater than a broken concrete tie surface normal angle threshold using the processor. 16. A method of calculating ballast shoulder volume along a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, longitudinal and transverse elevation map sample resolution data, rail base edge feature coordinates, detected tie bounding box data, and a distance reporting interval to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. defining a volume analysis reporting interval; c. establishing a start point for analysis; d. establishing an endpoint for analysis based on the start point; e. extracting elevation measurements in an elevation map subsection based on a reporting interval between a start point and an endpoint; f. defining a reference plane approximation based on elevation data within the elevation map subsection corresponding to locations within tie bounding boxes which are least square fitted to define the reference plane approximation; g. defining (A) field regions or gage regions or (B) field regions and gage regions using rail base edge feature coordinates; h. calculating ballast elevations in (A) the field regions or the gage regions or (B) the field regions and the gage regions; i. calculating the elevation differences between the (1) reference plane approximation and (2) (A) the field regions or the gage regions or (B) the field regions and the gage regions; j. defining a 2D cell area based on a longitudinal sample spacing multiplied by a transverse sample spacing; and k. calculating the volume in (A) the field regions or the gage regions or (B) the field regions and the gage regions using the calculated elevation difference in step i. and the 2D cell area defined in step j. 17. A method of determining rail seat abrasion along a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail base edge feature coordinates, detected tie bounding box data, fastener type and location data, and rail type data to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. identifying a plurality of fasteners in a tie bounding box using the processor; c. extracting tie top, rail base, and insulator measurement points for each fastener in the tie bounding box using the processor; d. calculating the difference between a rail base elevation and a tie top elevation and adjusting for a rail base thickness to provide a rail seat abrasion measurement using the processor; and e. flagging the appropriate rail within the tie bounding box if a rail seat abrasion measurement is less than a defined threshold using the processor. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of determining whether the number of fasteners in the tie bounding box is less than four and, if the number is less than four, recording a broken or missing fastener for that tie bounding box using the processor. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of calculating neighborhood elevations for fastener measurement points using the processor. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of calculating the difference in elevation between the top of an insulator and the top of the tie to provide an insulator thickness measurement using the processor; and flagging the appropriate rail within the tie bounding box if an insulator thickness measurement is less than a defined threshold using the processor. 21. A method of determining insulator thickness along a railway track bed using a system for assessing a railway track bed, the method comprising the steps of:
a. inputting elevation data, rail base edge feature coordinates, detected tie bounding box data, fastener type and location data, and rail type data to a processor wherein significant elevations due to the rail heads for each rail have been removed from the elevation data; b. identifying a plurality of fasteners in a tie bounding box using the processor; c. extracting tie top, rail base, and insulator measurement points for each fastener in the tie bounding box using the processor; d. calculating the difference in elevation between the top of an insulator and the top of the tie to provide an insulator thickness measurement using the processor; and e. flagging the appropriate rail within the tie bounding box if an insulator thickness measurement is less than a defined threshold using the processor. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of determining whether the number of fasteners in the tie bounding box is less than four and, if the number is less than four, recording a broken or missing fastener for that tie bounding box using the processor. 23. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of calculating neighborhood elevations for fastener measurement points using the processor. | 2,400 |
343,433 | 16,802,833 | 2,485 | A memory system includes: a memory device; a host interface suitable for receiving write commands and queueing the received write commands in an interface queue; a workload manager suitable for detecting, in a cache program mode, a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; a mode manager suitable for switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and a processor suitable for processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface queue in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected. | 1. A memory system, comprising:
a memory device; a host interface suitable for receiving write commands and queueing the received write commands in an interface queue; a workload manager suitable for detecting, in a cache program mode, a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; a mode manager suitable for switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and a processor suitable for processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface queue in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the processor includes an interface manager suitable for migrating the write commands from the interface queue to the command queue based on whether the memory system is in the normal program mode or the cache program mode. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein, when a program operation begins in response to a first write command in the cache program mode, the interface manager migrates a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 4. The memory system of claim 2, wherein, when a program operation of a first write command is completed in the normal program mode, the interface manager migrates a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 5. The memory system of claim 1,
wherein the workload manager resets, when the workload manager receives a read command, a write count representing a number of the write commands enqueued in the interface queue, and wherein, when the write count is greater than a second threshold value in the normal program mode, the workload manager detects a sequential workload indicating that a select group of the received commands are all write commands. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the mode manager determines whether or not to switch from the normal program mode to the cache program mode based on whether or not the sequential workload is detected in the normal program mode. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the processor processes the write commands queued in the command queue and the interface queue in the cache program mode when the sequential workload is detected. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the processor includes a command manager suitable for providing the memory device with the write commands queued in the command queue. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein, when an execution time of a program operation of a first write command dequeued from the command queue reaches a third threshold value, the command manager provides the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. 10. The memory system of claim 8, wherein, when a program operation performed in response to a first write command in the command queue in the normal program mode is completed, the command manager provides the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. 11. A method for operating a memory system, comprising:
receiving write commands and enqueuing the received write commands in an interface queue; detecting a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value in a cache program mode, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface memory in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing includes migrating the write commands from the interface queue to the command queue based on whether the memory system is in the normal program mode or the cache program mode. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the migrating includes migrating, when a program operation begins in response to a first write command in the cache program mode, a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the migrating includes migrating, when a program operation of a first write command is completed in the normal program mode, a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
resetting a write count when a read command is received, the write count representing a number of the write commands enqueued in the interface queue, and detecting a sequential workload when the write count is greater than a second threshold value in the normal program mode, the sequential workload indicating that a select group of the received commands are all write commands. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining whether or not to switch from the normal program mode to the cache program mode based on whether or not the sequential workload is detected. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: processing the write commands queued in the command queue and the interface queue in the cache program mode when the sequential workload is detected. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing includes providing a memory device with the write commands queued in the command queue. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing includes, when an execution time of a program operation of a first write command dequeued from the command queue reaches a third threshold value, providing the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing includes, when a program operation performed in response to a first write command in the command queue is completed, providing the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. | A memory system includes: a memory device; a host interface suitable for receiving write commands and queueing the received write commands in an interface queue; a workload manager suitable for detecting, in a cache program mode, a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; a mode manager suitable for switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and a processor suitable for processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface queue in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected.1. A memory system, comprising:
a memory device; a host interface suitable for receiving write commands and queueing the received write commands in an interface queue; a workload manager suitable for detecting, in a cache program mode, a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; a mode manager suitable for switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and a processor suitable for processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface queue in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the processor includes an interface manager suitable for migrating the write commands from the interface queue to the command queue based on whether the memory system is in the normal program mode or the cache program mode. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein, when a program operation begins in response to a first write command in the cache program mode, the interface manager migrates a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 4. The memory system of claim 2, wherein, when a program operation of a first write command is completed in the normal program mode, the interface manager migrates a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 5. The memory system of claim 1,
wherein the workload manager resets, when the workload manager receives a read command, a write count representing a number of the write commands enqueued in the interface queue, and wherein, when the write count is greater than a second threshold value in the normal program mode, the workload manager detects a sequential workload indicating that a select group of the received commands are all write commands. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the mode manager determines whether or not to switch from the normal program mode to the cache program mode based on whether or not the sequential workload is detected in the normal program mode. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the processor processes the write commands queued in the command queue and the interface queue in the cache program mode when the sequential workload is detected. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the processor includes a command manager suitable for providing the memory device with the write commands queued in the command queue. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein, when an execution time of a program operation of a first write command dequeued from the command queue reaches a third threshold value, the command manager provides the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. 10. The memory system of claim 8, wherein, when a program operation performed in response to a first write command in the command queue in the normal program mode is completed, the command manager provides the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. 11. A method for operating a memory system, comprising:
receiving write commands and enqueuing the received write commands in an interface queue; detecting a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value in a cache program mode, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface memory in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing includes migrating the write commands from the interface queue to the command queue based on whether the memory system is in the normal program mode or the cache program mode. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the migrating includes migrating, when a program operation begins in response to a first write command in the cache program mode, a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the migrating includes migrating, when a program operation of a first write command is completed in the normal program mode, a second write command, which is enqueued in the interface queue after the first write command, from the interface queue to the command queue. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
resetting a write count when a read command is received, the write count representing a number of the write commands enqueued in the interface queue, and detecting a sequential workload when the write count is greater than a second threshold value in the normal program mode, the sequential workload indicating that a select group of the received commands are all write commands. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining whether or not to switch from the normal program mode to the cache program mode based on whether or not the sequential workload is detected. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: processing the write commands queued in the command queue and the interface queue in the cache program mode when the sequential workload is detected. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing includes providing a memory device with the write commands queued in the command queue. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing includes, when an execution time of a program operation of a first write command dequeued from the command queue reaches a third threshold value, providing the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing includes, when a program operation performed in response to a first write command in the command queue is completed, providing the memory device with a second write command, which is enqueued in the memory queue after the first write command. | 2,400 |
343,434 | 16,802,882 | 2,485 | A method for use with a computing device is provided. The method may include inputting an input data set into a first private artificial intelligence model generated using a first private data set and a second private artificial intelligence model generated using a second private data set. The method may further include receiving a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model and receiving a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model. The method may further include training an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set and the first result data set. The method may further include training the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set and the second result data set. The adaptive co-distillation model may not be trained on the first private data set or the second private data set. | 1. A method for use with a computing device, the method comprising:
inputting an input data set into a first private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a first private data set and a second private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a second private data set; receiving a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the first private artificial intelligence model to the input data set; receiving a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the second private artificial intelligence model to the input data set; in a first training phase, training an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as an input and the first result data set as a first target output; and in a second training phase, further training the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as the input and the second result data set as a second target output, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is not trained on the first private data set or the second private data set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first private artificial intelligence model has a first model architecture and the second private artificial intelligence model has a second model architecture that is different from the first model architecture. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first private artificial intelligence model and the second private artificial intelligence model is a deep neural network, a kernel machine, or a random forest. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a classification model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of classification labels. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the input data set is a partially labeled data set including a first subset of input data entries that have respective input classification labels and a second subset of input data entries that do not have respective input classification labels. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a regression model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of numerical values. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a recurrent neural network; and the input data set includes a plurality of input series that each include a plurality of ordered input values. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein in at least the first training phase, the adaptive co-distillation model is trained using a training algorithm that utilizes a weighted loss function. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the weighted loss function weights loss between a predicted output of the adaptive co-distillation model and the target data output of the first results data set by a weighting factor that is based on one or more of a data distance between an element in the input data set and the first private data set as determined by a first similarity algorithm, a confidence value in the first result data set, and a human-specified input. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first result data set or the second result data set is homomorphically encrypted. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is trained at least in part via supervised learning. 12. A computing system comprising:
a server computing device including a processor configured to:
transmit an input data set to:
a first client computing device configured to execute a first private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a first private data set; and
a second client computing device configured to execute a second private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a second private data set;
receive a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model executed at the first client computing device as a result of applying the first private artificial intelligence model to the input data set;
receive a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model executed at the second client computing device as a result of applying the second private artificial intelligence model to the input data set;
in a first training phase, train an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as an input and the first result data set as a first target output; and
in a second training phase, further train the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as the input and the second result data set as a second target output,
wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is not trained on the first private data set or the second private data set. 13. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the first private artificial intelligence model has a first model architecture and the second private artificial intelligence model has a second model architecture that is different from the first model architecture. 14. The computing system of claim 13, wherein each of the first private artificial intelligence model and the second private artificial intelligence model is a deep neural network, a kernel machine, or a random forest. 15. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a classification model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of classification labels. 16. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a regression model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of numerical values. 17. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a recurrent neural network; and the input data set includes a plurality of input series that each include a plurality of ordered input values. 18. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
train a template machine learning model on a template data set; and transmit the template machine learning model to the first client computing device and the second client computing device, wherein:
the first private artificial intelligence model is a first copy of the template machine learning model that has been further trained on the first private data set; and
the second private artificial intelligence model is a second copy of the template machine learning model that has been further trained on the second private data set. 19. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is trained at least in part via supervised learning. 20. A method for use with a computing device, the method comprising:
inputting an input data set into a first private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a first private data set and a second private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a second private data set; receiving a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the first private artificial intelligence model to the input data set, wherein the first result data set includes a plurality of first classification labels; receiving a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the second private artificial intelligence model to the input data set, wherein the second result data set includes a plurality of second classification labels; in a first training phase, training an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as an input and the first result data set as a first target output; in a second training phase, further training the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as the input and the second result data set as a second target output, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is not trained on the first private data set or the second private data set; receiving a runtime data set including a plurality of runtime input data entries; and for each of the plurality of runtime input data entries, outputting a runtime classification label selected from a combined classification label set including the plurality of first classification labels and the plurality of second classification labels. | A method for use with a computing device is provided. The method may include inputting an input data set into a first private artificial intelligence model generated using a first private data set and a second private artificial intelligence model generated using a second private data set. The method may further include receiving a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model and receiving a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model. The method may further include training an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set and the first result data set. The method may further include training the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set and the second result data set. The adaptive co-distillation model may not be trained on the first private data set or the second private data set.1. A method for use with a computing device, the method comprising:
inputting an input data set into a first private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a first private data set and a second private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a second private data set; receiving a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the first private artificial intelligence model to the input data set; receiving a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the second private artificial intelligence model to the input data set; in a first training phase, training an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as an input and the first result data set as a first target output; and in a second training phase, further training the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as the input and the second result data set as a second target output, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is not trained on the first private data set or the second private data set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first private artificial intelligence model has a first model architecture and the second private artificial intelligence model has a second model architecture that is different from the first model architecture. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first private artificial intelligence model and the second private artificial intelligence model is a deep neural network, a kernel machine, or a random forest. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a classification model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of classification labels. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the input data set is a partially labeled data set including a first subset of input data entries that have respective input classification labels and a second subset of input data entries that do not have respective input classification labels. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a regression model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of numerical values. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a recurrent neural network; and the input data set includes a plurality of input series that each include a plurality of ordered input values. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein in at least the first training phase, the adaptive co-distillation model is trained using a training algorithm that utilizes a weighted loss function. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the weighted loss function weights loss between a predicted output of the adaptive co-distillation model and the target data output of the first results data set by a weighting factor that is based on one or more of a data distance between an element in the input data set and the first private data set as determined by a first similarity algorithm, a confidence value in the first result data set, and a human-specified input. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first result data set or the second result data set is homomorphically encrypted. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is trained at least in part via supervised learning. 12. A computing system comprising:
a server computing device including a processor configured to:
transmit an input data set to:
a first client computing device configured to execute a first private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a first private data set; and
a second client computing device configured to execute a second private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a second private data set;
receive a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model executed at the first client computing device as a result of applying the first private artificial intelligence model to the input data set;
receive a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model executed at the second client computing device as a result of applying the second private artificial intelligence model to the input data set;
in a first training phase, train an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as an input and the first result data set as a first target output; and
in a second training phase, further train the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as the input and the second result data set as a second target output,
wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is not trained on the first private data set or the second private data set. 13. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the first private artificial intelligence model has a first model architecture and the second private artificial intelligence model has a second model architecture that is different from the first model architecture. 14. The computing system of claim 13, wherein each of the first private artificial intelligence model and the second private artificial intelligence model is a deep neural network, a kernel machine, or a random forest. 15. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a classification model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of classification labels. 16. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a regression model; and the first result data set and the second result data set each include a respective plurality of numerical values. 17. The computing system of claim 12, wherein:
the adaptive co-distillation model is a recurrent neural network; and the input data set includes a plurality of input series that each include a plurality of ordered input values. 18. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
train a template machine learning model on a template data set; and transmit the template machine learning model to the first client computing device and the second client computing device, wherein:
the first private artificial intelligence model is a first copy of the template machine learning model that has been further trained on the first private data set; and
the second private artificial intelligence model is a second copy of the template machine learning model that has been further trained on the second private data set. 19. The computing system of claim 12, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is trained at least in part via supervised learning. 20. A method for use with a computing device, the method comprising:
inputting an input data set into a first private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a first private data set and a second private artificial intelligence model that has been generated using a second private data set; receiving a first result data set from the first private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the first private artificial intelligence model to the input data set, wherein the first result data set includes a plurality of first classification labels; receiving a second result data set from the second private artificial intelligence model as a result of applying the second private artificial intelligence model to the input data set, wherein the second result data set includes a plurality of second classification labels; in a first training phase, training an adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as an input and the first result data set as a first target output; in a second training phase, further training the adaptive co-distillation model with the input data set as the input and the second result data set as a second target output, wherein the adaptive co-distillation model is not trained on the first private data set or the second private data set; receiving a runtime data set including a plurality of runtime input data entries; and for each of the plurality of runtime input data entries, outputting a runtime classification label selected from a combined classification label set including the plurality of first classification labels and the plurality of second classification labels. | 2,400 |
343,435 | 16,802,801 | 2,485 | An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode includes a conveying unit, a first bonding unit, a second bonding unit, and a separating unit. The conveying unit conveys an electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls. The first bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The second bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. | 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the apparatus comprising:
a conveying unit configured to convey the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; a first bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; a second bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and a separating unit configured to cut the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 2. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit is integrated with the separating unit. 3. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit are integrated. 4. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit interposes and crimps the pair of long separator materials between a pair of tooth members that engage each other, to bond the pair of separator materials. 5. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 4, wherein the pair of tooth members are provided to respective peripheral surfaces of a pair of rotators configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 6. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials using an adhesive. 7. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials by a heat-melting method. 8. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a cutting blade provided to a peripheral surface of a rotator configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials against the pair of long separator materials. 9. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by irradiating the pair of long separator materials with laser beam. 10. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a circular cutter against the pair of long separator materials while moving the circular cutter in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction. 11. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a notch forming unit provided on an upstream side of the separating unit in the conveyance direction and configured to form a notch at both ends of the pair of long separator materials in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 12. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 11, wherein the notch forming unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit. 13. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a margin separating unit configured to cut both ends in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction of the pair of long separator materials along the conveyance direction to cut off a margin of the pair of long separator materials without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 14. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 13, wherein the margin separating unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit, the second bonding unit, and the separating unit. 15. An accumulating apparatus comprising:
the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1; and a layering unit configured to layer the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit of the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode and a second electrode of the battery alternately. 16. The accumulating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the size of the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit is substantially equal to the size of the second electrode. 17. A method for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the method comprising:
conveying the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; bonding the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction and a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and cutting the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. | An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode includes a conveying unit, a first bonding unit, a second bonding unit, and a separating unit. The conveying unit conveys an electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls. The first bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The second bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials.1. An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the apparatus comprising:
a conveying unit configured to convey the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; a first bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; a second bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and a separating unit configured to cut the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 2. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit is integrated with the separating unit. 3. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit are integrated. 4. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit interposes and crimps the pair of long separator materials between a pair of tooth members that engage each other, to bond the pair of separator materials. 5. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 4, wherein the pair of tooth members are provided to respective peripheral surfaces of a pair of rotators configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 6. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials using an adhesive. 7. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials by a heat-melting method. 8. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a cutting blade provided to a peripheral surface of a rotator configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials against the pair of long separator materials. 9. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by irradiating the pair of long separator materials with laser beam. 10. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a circular cutter against the pair of long separator materials while moving the circular cutter in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction. 11. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a notch forming unit provided on an upstream side of the separating unit in the conveyance direction and configured to form a notch at both ends of the pair of long separator materials in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 12. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 11, wherein the notch forming unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit. 13. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a margin separating unit configured to cut both ends in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction of the pair of long separator materials along the conveyance direction to cut off a margin of the pair of long separator materials without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 14. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 13, wherein the margin separating unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit, the second bonding unit, and the separating unit. 15. An accumulating apparatus comprising:
the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1; and a layering unit configured to layer the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit of the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode and a second electrode of the battery alternately. 16. The accumulating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the size of the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit is substantially equal to the size of the second electrode. 17. A method for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the method comprising:
conveying the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; bonding the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction and a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and cutting the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. | 2,400 |
343,436 | 16,802,867 | 2,485 | An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode includes a conveying unit, a first bonding unit, a second bonding unit, and a separating unit. The conveying unit conveys an electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls. The first bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The second bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. | 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the apparatus comprising:
a conveying unit configured to convey the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; a first bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; a second bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and a separating unit configured to cut the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 2. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit is integrated with the separating unit. 3. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit are integrated. 4. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit interposes and crimps the pair of long separator materials between a pair of tooth members that engage each other, to bond the pair of separator materials. 5. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 4, wherein the pair of tooth members are provided to respective peripheral surfaces of a pair of rotators configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 6. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials using an adhesive. 7. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials by a heat-melting method. 8. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a cutting blade provided to a peripheral surface of a rotator configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials against the pair of long separator materials. 9. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by irradiating the pair of long separator materials with laser beam. 10. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a circular cutter against the pair of long separator materials while moving the circular cutter in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction. 11. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a notch forming unit provided on an upstream side of the separating unit in the conveyance direction and configured to form a notch at both ends of the pair of long separator materials in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 12. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 11, wherein the notch forming unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit. 13. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a margin separating unit configured to cut both ends in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction of the pair of long separator materials along the conveyance direction to cut off a margin of the pair of long separator materials without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 14. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 13, wherein the margin separating unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit, the second bonding unit, and the separating unit. 15. An accumulating apparatus comprising:
the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1; and a layering unit configured to layer the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit of the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode and a second electrode of the battery alternately. 16. The accumulating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the size of the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit is substantially equal to the size of the second electrode. 17. A method for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the method comprising:
conveying the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; bonding the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction and a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and cutting the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. | An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode includes a conveying unit, a first bonding unit, a second bonding unit, and a separating unit. The conveying unit conveys an electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls. The first bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The second bonding unit bonds the pair of long separator materials outside the electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials. The separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the electrode and the pair of long separator materials.1. An apparatus for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the apparatus comprising:
a conveying unit configured to convey the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; a first bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; a second bonding unit configured to bond the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and a separating unit configured to cut the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 2. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit is integrated with the separating unit. 3. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit are integrated. 4. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit interposes and crimps the pair of long separator materials between a pair of tooth members that engage each other, to bond the pair of separator materials. 5. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 4, wherein the pair of tooth members are provided to respective peripheral surfaces of a pair of rotators configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 6. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials using an adhesive. 7. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit bonds the pair of separator materials by a heat-melting method. 8. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a cutting blade provided to a peripheral surface of a rotator configured to rotate with conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials against the pair of long separator materials. 9. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by irradiating the pair of long separator materials with laser beam. 10. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, wherein the separating unit cuts the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction by pressing a circular cutter against the pair of long separator materials while moving the circular cutter in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction. 11. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a notch forming unit provided on an upstream side of the separating unit in the conveyance direction and configured to form a notch at both ends of the pair of long separator materials in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 12. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 11, wherein the notch forming unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit and the second bonding unit. 13. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a margin separating unit configured to cut both ends in the direction intersecting the conveyance direction of the pair of long separator materials along the conveyance direction to cut off a margin of the pair of long separator materials without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. 14. The apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 13, wherein the margin separating unit is integrated with at least one of the first bonding unit, the second bonding unit, and the separating unit. 15. An accumulating apparatus comprising:
the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode according to claim 1; and a layering unit configured to layer the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit of the apparatus for manufacturing the bagged electrode and a second electrode of the battery alternately. 16. The accumulating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the size of the bagged electrode cut off by the separating unit is substantially equal to the size of the second electrode. 17. A method for manufacturing a bagged electrode with a first electrode of a battery interposed between a pair of separators, the method comprising:
conveying the first electrode in a manner interposed between a pair of long separator materials unwound from a pair of rolls; bonding the pair of long separator materials outside the first electrode along a conveyance direction and a direction intersecting the conveyance direction without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials; and cutting the pair of long separator materials along the direction intersecting the conveyance direction to cut off the bagged electrode without stopping conveyance of the first electrode and the pair of long separator materials. | 2,400 |
343,437 | 16,802,862 | 2,485 | A galvanic isolation circuit comprising: a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side; a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver; a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver; a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver; and an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. | 1. A galvanic isolation circuit comprising:
a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side; a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver; a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver; a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver; a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver; and an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. 2. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the AC short capacitor is a discrete capacitor. 3. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
a first capacitive decoupling circuit connected between the first communication link and the first reference terminal; and
a second capacitive decoupling circuit connected between the second communication link and the second reference terminal. 4. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 3, wherein:
the first communication link comprises a first-primary-link and a first-secondary-link; and the second communication link comprises a second-primary-link and a second-secondary-link; the first capacitive decoupling circuit comprises:
a first-primary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the first-primary-link and the first reference terminal; and
a first-secondary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the first-secondary-link and the first reference terminal; and
the second capacitive decoupling circuit comprises:
a second-primary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the second-primary-link and the second reference terminal; and
a second-secondary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the second-secondary-link and the second reference terminal. 5. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the galvanic isolator comprises a capacitive galvanic isolator. 6. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the capacitive galvanic isolator comprises:
a primary capacitor connected between the first-primary-link and the second-primary-link; and a secondary capacitor connected between the first-secondary-link and the second-secondary-link. 7. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the galvanic isolator comprises a transformer. 8. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the galvanic isolation circuit has a transceiver-voltage-tolerance-rating and a target BCI requirement defining a sustained current versus frequency relationship, and wherein a capacitance value of the AC short capacitor is selected based on the transceiver-voltage-tolerance-rating and the target BCI requirement. 9. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the AC short capacitor is a discrete capacitor with a capacitance greater than or equal to 100 pF. 10. A communication interface comprising:
a first transceiver; a second transceiver; and a galvanic isolation circuit comprising:
a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side;
a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver;
a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver;
a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver;
a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver;
and
an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. 11. The communication interface of claim 10, wherein the communication interface has a target BCI requirement defining sustained current versus injection frequency and wherein a capacitance value of the AC short capacitor is selected based on:
a voltage tolerance of the first transceiver; a voltage tolerance of the second transceiver; and the target BCI requirement. 12-14. (canceled) 15. The communication interface of claim 10, wherein the AC short capacitor is a discrete capacitor. 16. The communication interface of claim 10, wherein the galvanic isolator comprises a capacitive galvanic isolator. 17. A battery management control circuit comprising a plurality of galvanic isolation circuits, each galvanic isolation circuit comprising:
a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side; a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver; a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver; a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver; a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver; and an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. 18. The battery management control circuit of claim 17 further comprising:
a processor comprising a transceiver; and
a plurality of battery management systems, each comprising a first transceiver and a second transceiver;
wherein each of the plurality of galvanic isolation circuits connect adjacent ones of the battery management systems and the processor. 19. The battery management control circuit of claim 18, wherein a first transceiver of one battery management system, a second transceiver of an adjacent battery management system and one galvanic isolation circuit form an EMI-filtered galvanically isolated communication interface. | A galvanic isolation circuit comprising: a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side; a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver; a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver; a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver; and an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal.1. A galvanic isolation circuit comprising:
a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side; a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver; a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver; a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver; a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver; and an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. 2. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the AC short capacitor is a discrete capacitor. 3. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
a first capacitive decoupling circuit connected between the first communication link and the first reference terminal; and
a second capacitive decoupling circuit connected between the second communication link and the second reference terminal. 4. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 3, wherein:
the first communication link comprises a first-primary-link and a first-secondary-link; and the second communication link comprises a second-primary-link and a second-secondary-link; the first capacitive decoupling circuit comprises:
a first-primary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the first-primary-link and the first reference terminal; and
a first-secondary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the first-secondary-link and the first reference terminal; and
the second capacitive decoupling circuit comprises:
a second-primary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the second-primary-link and the second reference terminal; and
a second-secondary-decoupling-capacitor connected between the second-secondary-link and the second reference terminal. 5. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the galvanic isolator comprises a capacitive galvanic isolator. 6. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 5, wherein the capacitive galvanic isolator comprises:
a primary capacitor connected between the first-primary-link and the second-primary-link; and a secondary capacitor connected between the first-secondary-link and the second-secondary-link. 7. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the galvanic isolator comprises a transformer. 8. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the galvanic isolation circuit has a transceiver-voltage-tolerance-rating and a target BCI requirement defining a sustained current versus frequency relationship, and wherein a capacitance value of the AC short capacitor is selected based on the transceiver-voltage-tolerance-rating and the target BCI requirement. 9. The galvanic isolation circuit of claim 1, wherein the AC short capacitor is a discrete capacitor with a capacitance greater than or equal to 100 pF. 10. A communication interface comprising:
a first transceiver; a second transceiver; and a galvanic isolation circuit comprising:
a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side;
a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver;
a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver;
a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver;
a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver;
and
an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. 11. The communication interface of claim 10, wherein the communication interface has a target BCI requirement defining sustained current versus injection frequency and wherein a capacitance value of the AC short capacitor is selected based on:
a voltage tolerance of the first transceiver; a voltage tolerance of the second transceiver; and the target BCI requirement. 12-14. (canceled) 15. The communication interface of claim 10, wherein the AC short capacitor is a discrete capacitor. 16. The communication interface of claim 10, wherein the galvanic isolator comprises a capacitive galvanic isolator. 17. A battery management control circuit comprising a plurality of galvanic isolation circuits, each galvanic isolation circuit comprising:
a galvanic isolator having a first side and a second side; a first communication link connected to the first side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a first transceiver; a second communication link connected to the second side of the galvanic isolator and connectable to a second transceiver; a first reference terminal connectable to the first transceiver; a second reference terminal connectable to the second transceiver; and an AC short capacitor connected between the first reference terminal and the second reference terminal. 18. The battery management control circuit of claim 17 further comprising:
a processor comprising a transceiver; and
a plurality of battery management systems, each comprising a first transceiver and a second transceiver;
wherein each of the plurality of galvanic isolation circuits connect adjacent ones of the battery management systems and the processor. 19. The battery management control circuit of claim 18, wherein a first transceiver of one battery management system, a second transceiver of an adjacent battery management system and one galvanic isolation circuit form an EMI-filtered galvanically isolated communication interface. | 2,400 |
343,438 | 16,802,883 | 3,656 | A transmission capable of being assembled as a coolerless transmission and a transmission having an oil cooler includes a housing and a lubrication system. The oil passage system includes an oil passage having an oil outlet opening extending out of the housing and an oil inlet opening extending into the housing. A bypass flow passage is disposed in the housing in communication with the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. In a coolerless configuration a pair of plugs are inserted in the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening, respectively, to close off the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening so that oil flows from the oil outlet opening to the oil inlet opening through the bypass flow passage. In a transmission configuration having an oil cooler, an exterior oil cooler is connected to the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. | 1. A transmission, comprising:
a housing; an input shaft and an output shaft disposed in the housing and being drivingly connected to one another by a plurality of gears disposed in the housing; a lubrication system including an oil sump, an oil pump and an oil passage system for directing oil form the oil sump to various components of the transmission; the oil passage system including an oil passage having an oil outlet opening extending out of the housing and an oil inlet opening extending into the housing, wherein a bypass flow passage is disposed in the housing in communication with the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. 2. The transmission according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger having an inlet passage connected to the oil outlet opening, the heat exchanger having an outlet passage connected to the oil inlet opening. 3. The transmission according to claim 2, further comprising a cooler bypass assembly disposed in the oil outlet opening, the bypass assembly including an oil cooler bypass spool biased by a spring to a first position for at least restricting flow through the bypass flow passage. 4. The transmission according to claim 3, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool is movable against the force of the spring to a second position for fully opening the bypass flow passage. 5. The transmission according to claim 4, wherein the cooler bypass assembly further includes a cartridge main body having a passage extending axially there through, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool and the spring are disposed in the passage in the cartridge main body. 6. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein the cartridge main body further includes at least one radially extending opening that aligns with the bypass flow passage. 7. The transmission according to claim 6, wherein the cooler bypass spool includes a first portion that is aligned with the at least one radially extending opening when the cooler bypass spool is in the first position. 8. The transmission according to claim 7, wherein the passage of the cartridge main body includes a first reduced diameter interior shoulder portion defining a spring seat for the spring and a second interior shoulder portion forming a stop portion for an increased diameter portion of the cooler bypass spool. 9. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein the cartridge main body is supported within the oil outlet opening by a fitting received in the oil outlet opening and extending to an exterior of the housing. 10. The transmission according to claim1, further comprising a pair of plugs adapted to close off the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. 11. A transmission capable of being assembled as a coolerless transmission and a transmission having an oil cooler, comprising:
a housing; an input shaft and an output shaft disposed in the housing and being drivingly connected to one another by a plurality of gears disposed in the housing; a lubrication system including an oil sump, an oil pump and an oil passage system for directing oil form the oil sump to various components of the transmission; the oil passage system including an oil passage having an oil outlet opening extending out of the housing and an oil inlet opening extending into the housing, wherein a bypass flow passage is disposed in the housing in communication with the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening; wherein in a coolerless configuration a pair of plugs are inserted in the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening to close off the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening so that oil flows from the oil outlet opening to the oil inlet opening through the bypass flow passage; and wherein in a transmission configuration having an oil cooler a heat exchanger is connected to the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. 12. The transmission according to claim 11, wherein in a transmission configuration having an oil cooler, a cooler bypass assembly is disposed in the oil outlet opening, the bypass assembly including an oil cooler bypass spool biased by a spring to a first position for at least restricting flow through the bypass flow passage. 13. The transmission according to claim 12, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool is movable against the force of the spring to a second position for fully opening the bypass flow passage. 14. The transmission according to claim 13, wherein the cooler bypass assembly further includes a cartridge main body having a passage extending axially there through, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool and the spring are disposed in the passage in the cartridge main body. 15. The transmission according to claim 14, wherein the cartridge main body further includes at least one radially extending opening that aligns with the bypass flow passage. 16. The transmission according to claim 15, wherein the cooler bypass spool includes a first portion that is aligned with the at least one radially extending opening when the cooler bypass spool is in the first position. 17. The transmission according to claim 16, wherein the passage of the cartridge main body includes a first reduced diameter interior shoulder portion defining a spring seat for the spring and a second interior shoulder portion forming a stop portion for an increased diameter portion of the cooler bypass spool. 18. The transmission according to claim 14, wherein the cartridge main body is supported within the oil outlet opening by a fitting received in the oil outlet opening and extending to an exterior of the housing. | A transmission capable of being assembled as a coolerless transmission and a transmission having an oil cooler includes a housing and a lubrication system. The oil passage system includes an oil passage having an oil outlet opening extending out of the housing and an oil inlet opening extending into the housing. A bypass flow passage is disposed in the housing in communication with the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. In a coolerless configuration a pair of plugs are inserted in the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening, respectively, to close off the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening so that oil flows from the oil outlet opening to the oil inlet opening through the bypass flow passage. In a transmission configuration having an oil cooler, an exterior oil cooler is connected to the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening.1. A transmission, comprising:
a housing; an input shaft and an output shaft disposed in the housing and being drivingly connected to one another by a plurality of gears disposed in the housing; a lubrication system including an oil sump, an oil pump and an oil passage system for directing oil form the oil sump to various components of the transmission; the oil passage system including an oil passage having an oil outlet opening extending out of the housing and an oil inlet opening extending into the housing, wherein a bypass flow passage is disposed in the housing in communication with the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. 2. The transmission according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger having an inlet passage connected to the oil outlet opening, the heat exchanger having an outlet passage connected to the oil inlet opening. 3. The transmission according to claim 2, further comprising a cooler bypass assembly disposed in the oil outlet opening, the bypass assembly including an oil cooler bypass spool biased by a spring to a first position for at least restricting flow through the bypass flow passage. 4. The transmission according to claim 3, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool is movable against the force of the spring to a second position for fully opening the bypass flow passage. 5. The transmission according to claim 4, wherein the cooler bypass assembly further includes a cartridge main body having a passage extending axially there through, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool and the spring are disposed in the passage in the cartridge main body. 6. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein the cartridge main body further includes at least one radially extending opening that aligns with the bypass flow passage. 7. The transmission according to claim 6, wherein the cooler bypass spool includes a first portion that is aligned with the at least one radially extending opening when the cooler bypass spool is in the first position. 8. The transmission according to claim 7, wherein the passage of the cartridge main body includes a first reduced diameter interior shoulder portion defining a spring seat for the spring and a second interior shoulder portion forming a stop portion for an increased diameter portion of the cooler bypass spool. 9. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein the cartridge main body is supported within the oil outlet opening by a fitting received in the oil outlet opening and extending to an exterior of the housing. 10. The transmission according to claim1, further comprising a pair of plugs adapted to close off the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. 11. A transmission capable of being assembled as a coolerless transmission and a transmission having an oil cooler, comprising:
a housing; an input shaft and an output shaft disposed in the housing and being drivingly connected to one another by a plurality of gears disposed in the housing; a lubrication system including an oil sump, an oil pump and an oil passage system for directing oil form the oil sump to various components of the transmission; the oil passage system including an oil passage having an oil outlet opening extending out of the housing and an oil inlet opening extending into the housing, wherein a bypass flow passage is disposed in the housing in communication with the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening; wherein in a coolerless configuration a pair of plugs are inserted in the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening to close off the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening so that oil flows from the oil outlet opening to the oil inlet opening through the bypass flow passage; and wherein in a transmission configuration having an oil cooler a heat exchanger is connected to the oil outlet opening and the oil inlet opening. 12. The transmission according to claim 11, wherein in a transmission configuration having an oil cooler, a cooler bypass assembly is disposed in the oil outlet opening, the bypass assembly including an oil cooler bypass spool biased by a spring to a first position for at least restricting flow through the bypass flow passage. 13. The transmission according to claim 12, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool is movable against the force of the spring to a second position for fully opening the bypass flow passage. 14. The transmission according to claim 13, wherein the cooler bypass assembly further includes a cartridge main body having a passage extending axially there through, wherein the oil cooler bypass spool and the spring are disposed in the passage in the cartridge main body. 15. The transmission according to claim 14, wherein the cartridge main body further includes at least one radially extending opening that aligns with the bypass flow passage. 16. The transmission according to claim 15, wherein the cooler bypass spool includes a first portion that is aligned with the at least one radially extending opening when the cooler bypass spool is in the first position. 17. The transmission according to claim 16, wherein the passage of the cartridge main body includes a first reduced diameter interior shoulder portion defining a spring seat for the spring and a second interior shoulder portion forming a stop portion for an increased diameter portion of the cooler bypass spool. 18. The transmission according to claim 14, wherein the cartridge main body is supported within the oil outlet opening by a fitting received in the oil outlet opening and extending to an exterior of the housing. | 3,600 |
343,439 | 16,802,863 | 3,656 | A pipe insulation system has a spacer wrap, an insulation material and a cladding. The spacer wrap has an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface of the spacer wrap has a plurality of convex protrusions. The upper surface is positioned against a pipe. The insulation material has an inner surface and an outer surface. The insulation material is positioned exterior to the lower surface of the spacer wrap. The cladding has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The cladding is positioned exterior to the outer surface of the insulation material. | 1. A pipe insulation system comprising:
a spacer wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface of the spacer wrap having a plurality of convex protrusions, the upper surface being positioned against a pipe; an insulation material having an inner surface and an outer surface, the insulation material being positioned exterior to the lower surface of the spacer wrap; a cladding having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the cladding being positioned exterior to the outer surface of the insulation material. 2. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 wherein the spacer wrap is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. 3. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 wherein the spacer wrap is held in place around the pipe with banding. 4. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 wherein the lower surface of the spacer wrap has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions. 5. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 further comprising a perforated dimple wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the perforated dimple wrap having a plurality of dimples such that the upper surface has convex protrusions and the lower surface having concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions, at least a portion of the convex protrusions having a perforation through which moisture may drain, the perforated dimple wrap being positioned exterior to the insulation material and interior to the cladding. 6. The pipe insulation system of claim 5 wherein the plurality of dimples comprise a hollow body having a top, a bottom and at least one inward sloping peripheral side, the top of hollow body being attached to the upper surface of the perforated dimple wrap, the bottom having the perforation. 7. The pipe insulation system of claim 6 wherein the plurality of dimples further comprises a wall extending beyond the bottom of the hollow body, the wall having at least one slit through which moisture may drain. 8. A pipe insulation system comprising:
an insulation material having an inner surface and an outer surface; a perforated dimple wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the perforated dimple wrap having a plurality of dimples such that the upper surface having convex protrusions and the lower surface having concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions, at least a portion of the convex protrusions having a perforation through which moisture may drain, the perforated dimple wrap being positioned around the outer surface of the insulation material; a cladding having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the cladding being positioned adjacent the upper surface of the perforated dimple wrap. 9. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of dimples comprise a hollow body having a top, a bottom and at least one inward sloping peripheral side, the top of hollow body being attached to the upper surface of the perforated dimple wrap, the bottom having the perforation. 10. The pipe insulation system of claim 9 wherein the plurality of dimples further comprises a wall extending beyond the bottom of the hollow body, the wall having at least one slit through which moisture may drain. 11. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 wherein at least one vent is positioned in the cladding such that air may pass through the vent to create airflow within the cladding. 12. The pipe insulation system of claim 11 wherein the at least one vent has louvers to reduce water ingress. 13. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 wherein at least one drain is positioned on a lowest point of the cladding to create at least one drainage point for fluid within the cladding and insulation material. 14. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 further comprising a spacer wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface of the spacer wrap having a plurality of convex protrusions, the lower surface being positioned against the inner surface of the insulation material. 15. The pipe insulation system of claim 12 wherein the lower surface of the spacer wrap has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions. 16. A method of insulating a piping system comprising:
providing insulation material having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface being positioned adjacent a pipe; providing cladding having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the cladding being positioned exterior to the outer surface of the insulation material; providing at least one drain positioned on a bottom of the cladding to create at least one drainage point for fluid within the cladding. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising providing a spacer wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface of the spacer wrap having a plurality of convex protrusions, the lower surface being positioned interior to the insulation material. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the lower surface of the spacer wrap has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions. 19. The method of claim 16 further comprising providing a perforated dimple wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the perforated dimple wrap having a plurality of dimples such that the upper surface has convex protrusions and the lower surface has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions, at least a portion of the convex protrusions having a perforation through which moisture may drain, the perforated dimple wrap being positioned around the outer surface of the insulation material and interior to the cladding. 20. The pipe insulation system of claim 16 wherein at least one vent is positioned on the cladding such that air may pass through the vent to create airflow within the cladding. 21. The pipe insulation system of claim 20 wherein the at least one vent has louvers to reduce water ingress. | A pipe insulation system has a spacer wrap, an insulation material and a cladding. The spacer wrap has an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface of the spacer wrap has a plurality of convex protrusions. The upper surface is positioned against a pipe. The insulation material has an inner surface and an outer surface. The insulation material is positioned exterior to the lower surface of the spacer wrap. The cladding has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The cladding is positioned exterior to the outer surface of the insulation material.1. A pipe insulation system comprising:
a spacer wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface of the spacer wrap having a plurality of convex protrusions, the upper surface being positioned against a pipe; an insulation material having an inner surface and an outer surface, the insulation material being positioned exterior to the lower surface of the spacer wrap; a cladding having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the cladding being positioned exterior to the outer surface of the insulation material. 2. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 wherein the spacer wrap is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. 3. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 wherein the spacer wrap is held in place around the pipe with banding. 4. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 wherein the lower surface of the spacer wrap has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions. 5. The pipe insulation system of claim 1 further comprising a perforated dimple wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the perforated dimple wrap having a plurality of dimples such that the upper surface has convex protrusions and the lower surface having concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions, at least a portion of the convex protrusions having a perforation through which moisture may drain, the perforated dimple wrap being positioned exterior to the insulation material and interior to the cladding. 6. The pipe insulation system of claim 5 wherein the plurality of dimples comprise a hollow body having a top, a bottom and at least one inward sloping peripheral side, the top of hollow body being attached to the upper surface of the perforated dimple wrap, the bottom having the perforation. 7. The pipe insulation system of claim 6 wherein the plurality of dimples further comprises a wall extending beyond the bottom of the hollow body, the wall having at least one slit through which moisture may drain. 8. A pipe insulation system comprising:
an insulation material having an inner surface and an outer surface; a perforated dimple wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the perforated dimple wrap having a plurality of dimples such that the upper surface having convex protrusions and the lower surface having concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions, at least a portion of the convex protrusions having a perforation through which moisture may drain, the perforated dimple wrap being positioned around the outer surface of the insulation material; a cladding having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the cladding being positioned adjacent the upper surface of the perforated dimple wrap. 9. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of dimples comprise a hollow body having a top, a bottom and at least one inward sloping peripheral side, the top of hollow body being attached to the upper surface of the perforated dimple wrap, the bottom having the perforation. 10. The pipe insulation system of claim 9 wherein the plurality of dimples further comprises a wall extending beyond the bottom of the hollow body, the wall having at least one slit through which moisture may drain. 11. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 wherein at least one vent is positioned in the cladding such that air may pass through the vent to create airflow within the cladding. 12. The pipe insulation system of claim 11 wherein the at least one vent has louvers to reduce water ingress. 13. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 wherein at least one drain is positioned on a lowest point of the cladding to create at least one drainage point for fluid within the cladding and insulation material. 14. The pipe insulation system of claim 8 further comprising a spacer wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface of the spacer wrap having a plurality of convex protrusions, the lower surface being positioned against the inner surface of the insulation material. 15. The pipe insulation system of claim 12 wherein the lower surface of the spacer wrap has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions. 16. A method of insulating a piping system comprising:
providing insulation material having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface being positioned adjacent a pipe; providing cladding having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the cladding being positioned exterior to the outer surface of the insulation material; providing at least one drain positioned on a bottom of the cladding to create at least one drainage point for fluid within the cladding. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising providing a spacer wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface of the spacer wrap having a plurality of convex protrusions, the lower surface being positioned interior to the insulation material. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the lower surface of the spacer wrap has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions. 19. The method of claim 16 further comprising providing a perforated dimple wrap having an upper surface and a lower surface, the perforated dimple wrap having a plurality of dimples such that the upper surface has convex protrusions and the lower surface has concave depressions corresponding to the convex protrusions, at least a portion of the convex protrusions having a perforation through which moisture may drain, the perforated dimple wrap being positioned around the outer surface of the insulation material and interior to the cladding. 20. The pipe insulation system of claim 16 wherein at least one vent is positioned on the cladding such that air may pass through the vent to create airflow within the cladding. 21. The pipe insulation system of claim 20 wherein the at least one vent has louvers to reduce water ingress. | 3,600 |
343,440 | 16,802,845 | 3,656 | Systems, devices, and methods for software development or modification. The disclosed technology relates to transforming interactions with physical blocks by a human developer on an activity surface into computer-understandable digital information or logic for developing or modifying software (e.g., websites or mobile applications) in real-time or near real-time. The physical blocks are representative of software elements used in software development. For example, the structures, colors, shapes or hardness/softness/squeeze/bend/flex/elastic/shape-memory/rigid properties, whether symmetrical or asymmetrical, whether open-shaped or close-shaped of the physical blocks can determine which software elements are being developed and the arrangement of the blocks can be mapped to how the software elements are to be included in the software. Users located remotely from the developer can provide annotations or feedback to the software being developed in real-time. | 1. A method comprising:
reading, via a processor, an imaging content capturing a visually challenged user performing an interaction with a plurality of blocks over a surface, wherein the blocks are different from each other in at least one of shape, size, form, color, structure, surface texture, tactile indicia, weight, volume, density, or content depicted thereon; identifying, via the processor, the interaction with the blocks over the surface within the imaging content based on the blocks being different from each other in at least one of shape, size, form, color, structure, surface texture, tactile indicia, weight, volume, density, or content depicted thereon; mapping, via the processor, the interaction with the blocks over the surface within the imaging content onto a plurality of computing instructions corresponding to the blocks; formulating, via the processor, a plurality of computing statements based on the computing instructions without the visually challenged user typing the computing statements; and causing, via the processor, the computing statements to be saved. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the blocks is mapped onto at least one of the computing instructions based on at least one of a property, an orientation, or a placement of the at least one of the blocks on the surface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the blocks hosts at least one of a Braille marking, a number, a barcode, or a QR code such that the at least one of the blocks can be uniquely identified in the imaging content. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the computing statements is of at least one of a video editing logic or an image editing logic. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the computing statements is of a source code. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the blocks are different from each via the tactile indicia 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
requesting, via the processor, a speaker to output an audio content associated with at least one of the computing statements responsive to the interaction such that the visually challenged user can rearrange or reorder the blocks. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the audio content includes an audio identifier of the at least one of the computing statements. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the processor is of a server 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the processor is of at least one of a laptop, a desktop, a tablet, or a phone. | Systems, devices, and methods for software development or modification. The disclosed technology relates to transforming interactions with physical blocks by a human developer on an activity surface into computer-understandable digital information or logic for developing or modifying software (e.g., websites or mobile applications) in real-time or near real-time. The physical blocks are representative of software elements used in software development. For example, the structures, colors, shapes or hardness/softness/squeeze/bend/flex/elastic/shape-memory/rigid properties, whether symmetrical or asymmetrical, whether open-shaped or close-shaped of the physical blocks can determine which software elements are being developed and the arrangement of the blocks can be mapped to how the software elements are to be included in the software. Users located remotely from the developer can provide annotations or feedback to the software being developed in real-time.1. A method comprising:
reading, via a processor, an imaging content capturing a visually challenged user performing an interaction with a plurality of blocks over a surface, wherein the blocks are different from each other in at least one of shape, size, form, color, structure, surface texture, tactile indicia, weight, volume, density, or content depicted thereon; identifying, via the processor, the interaction with the blocks over the surface within the imaging content based on the blocks being different from each other in at least one of shape, size, form, color, structure, surface texture, tactile indicia, weight, volume, density, or content depicted thereon; mapping, via the processor, the interaction with the blocks over the surface within the imaging content onto a plurality of computing instructions corresponding to the blocks; formulating, via the processor, a plurality of computing statements based on the computing instructions without the visually challenged user typing the computing statements; and causing, via the processor, the computing statements to be saved. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the blocks is mapped onto at least one of the computing instructions based on at least one of a property, an orientation, or a placement of the at least one of the blocks on the surface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the blocks hosts at least one of a Braille marking, a number, a barcode, or a QR code such that the at least one of the blocks can be uniquely identified in the imaging content. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the computing statements is of at least one of a video editing logic or an image editing logic. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the computing statements is of a source code. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the blocks are different from each via the tactile indicia 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
requesting, via the processor, a speaker to output an audio content associated with at least one of the computing statements responsive to the interaction such that the visually challenged user can rearrange or reorder the blocks. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the audio content includes an audio identifier of the at least one of the computing statements. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the processor is of a server 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the processor is of at least one of a laptop, a desktop, a tablet, or a phone. | 3,600 |
343,441 | 16,802,896 | 3,617 | The present invention includes a surfboard comprising a laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard, the laminated frame comprising three or more layers of laminates, and wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, the laminated frame may have one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame, wherein such lateral members may be circular in cross-section, and may include one or more supports connecting the lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, two or more layers of laminates may form an internal structure extending laterally across the laminated frame from one side to the other. | 1. A surfboard comprising: a rigid laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard; the laminated frame comprising two or more layers of wood laminates and one or more layers of non-wood laminates; wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard; and wherein the laminated frame is formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard using a rocker table. 2. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein the wood laminates are not made of balsa wood. 3. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein some of the wood laminates are made of balsa wood and some of the laminates are made of wood that is not balsa wood. 4. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of softwood. 5. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of a mixture of hardwood and softwood. 6. The surfboard of claim 1, further comprising one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame and wherein the lateral members are circular in cross-section. 7. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein the lateral members are wood dowels. 8. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein one or more supports connect the one or more lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. | The present invention includes a surfboard comprising a laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard, the laminated frame comprising three or more layers of laminates, and wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, the laminated frame may have one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame, wherein such lateral members may be circular in cross-section, and may include one or more supports connecting the lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, two or more layers of laminates may form an internal structure extending laterally across the laminated frame from one side to the other.1. A surfboard comprising: a rigid laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard; the laminated frame comprising two or more layers of wood laminates and one or more layers of non-wood laminates; wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard; and wherein the laminated frame is formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard using a rocker table. 2. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein the wood laminates are not made of balsa wood. 3. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein some of the wood laminates are made of balsa wood and some of the laminates are made of wood that is not balsa wood. 4. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of softwood. 5. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of a mixture of hardwood and softwood. 6. The surfboard of claim 1, further comprising one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame and wherein the lateral members are circular in cross-section. 7. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein the lateral members are wood dowels. 8. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein one or more supports connect the one or more lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. | 3,600 |
343,442 | 16,802,877 | 3,617 | The present invention includes a surfboard comprising a laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard, the laminated frame comprising three or more layers of laminates, and wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, the laminated frame may have one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame, wherein such lateral members may be circular in cross-section, and may include one or more supports connecting the lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, two or more layers of laminates may form an internal structure extending laterally across the laminated frame from one side to the other. | 1. A surfboard comprising: a rigid laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard; the laminated frame comprising two or more layers of wood laminates and one or more layers of non-wood laminates; wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard; and wherein the laminated frame is formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard using a rocker table. 2. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein the wood laminates are not made of balsa wood. 3. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein some of the wood laminates are made of balsa wood and some of the laminates are made of wood that is not balsa wood. 4. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of softwood. 5. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of a mixture of hardwood and softwood. 6. The surfboard of claim 1, further comprising one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame and wherein the lateral members are circular in cross-section. 7. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein the lateral members are wood dowels. 8. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein one or more supports connect the one or more lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. | The present invention includes a surfboard comprising a laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard, the laminated frame comprising three or more layers of laminates, and wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, the laminated frame may have one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame, wherein such lateral members may be circular in cross-section, and may include one or more supports connecting the lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. In various exemplary embodiments, two or more layers of laminates may form an internal structure extending laterally across the laminated frame from one side to the other.1. A surfboard comprising: a rigid laminated frame extending along the side rails of the surfboard; the laminated frame comprising two or more layers of wood laminates and one or more layers of non-wood laminates; wherein the laminated frame has been formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard; and wherein the laminated frame is formed to the shape of the rocker of the surfboard using a rocker table. 2. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein the wood laminates are not made of balsa wood. 3. The surfboard of claim 1, wherein some of the wood laminates are made of balsa wood and some of the laminates are made of wood that is not balsa wood. 4. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of softwood. 5. The surfboard of claim 2, wherein the wood laminates are made of a mixture of hardwood and softwood. 6. The surfboard of claim 1, further comprising one or more lateral members extending between opposing sides of the laminated frame and wherein the lateral members are circular in cross-section. 7. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein the lateral members are wood dowels. 8. The surfboard of claim 6, wherein one or more supports connect the one or more lateral members to the top surface of the surfboard. | 3,600 |
343,443 | 16,802,846 | 3,617 | Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for automated capacity management using artificial intelligence techniques are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes obtaining image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space; determining a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model; automatically determining one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and performing one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space; determining a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model; automatically determining one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and performing one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein processing the image data using the first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least the first machine learning model comprises performing at least one object identification task and at least one instance segmentation task using a mask regional-convolutional neural network (R-CNN). 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein processing the image data using the mask R-CNN comprises:
identifying one or more areas within the image data likely to contain one or more entities by scanning the image data using at least one feature pyramid network; generating one or more bounding boxes within the image data based at least in part on the one or more identified areas; and generating at least one mask at pixel-level within at least a portion of the one or more identified areas. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the at least one feature pyramid network comprises information pertaining to three-dimensional geometry and information pertaining to one or more colors. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the image data comprise three-dimensional image data, and wherein using the mask R-CNN comprises linking one or more voxels in the three-dimensional image data to at least one class label. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the second machine learning model comprises at least one random forest model, and wherein analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using the at least one random forest model comprises performing one of more classifications across multiple capacity management parameters using multiple decision trees corresponding thereto. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more capacity management parameters comprises at least one parameter pertaining to entity entry into the confined space. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more capacity management parameters comprises at least one parameter pertaining to energy utilization in the confined space. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more automated actions comprises automatically outputting instructions to at least one capacity management-related controller associated with the confined space. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the at least one capacity management-related controller comprises at least one Internet of Things device which controls one or more variables within the confined space. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more automated actions comprises automatically notifying at least one user with the one or more determined capacity management parameters. 12. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes the at least one processing device:
to obtain image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space; to determine a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model; to automatically determine one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and to perform one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters. 13. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein processing the image data using the first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least the first machine learning model comprises performing at least one object identification task and at least one instance segmentation task using a mask R-CNN. 14. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein processing the image data using the mask R-CNN comprises:
identifying one or more areas within the image data likely to contain one or more entities by scanning the image data using at least one feature pyramid network; generating one or more bounding boxes within the image data based at least in part on the one or more identified areas; and generating at least one mask at pixel-level within at least a portion of the one or more identified areas. 15. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the at least one feature pyramid network comprises information pertaining to three-dimensional geometry and information pertaining to one or more colors. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the second machine learning model comprises at least one random forest model, and wherein analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using the at least one random forest model comprises performing one of more classifications across multiple capacity management parameters using multiple decision trees corresponding thereto. 17. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processing device being configured:
to obtain image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space;
to determine a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model;
to automatically determine one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and
to perform one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein processing the image data using the first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least the first machine learning model comprises performing at least one object identification task and at least one instance segmentation task using a mask R-CNN. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein processing the image data using the mask R-CNN comprises:
identifying one or more areas within the image data likely to contain one or more entities by scanning the image data using at least one feature pyramid network; generating one or more bounding boxes within the image data based at least in part on the one or more identified areas; and generating at least one mask at pixel-level within at least a portion of the one or more identified areas. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second machine learning model comprises at least one random forest model, and wherein analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using the at least one random forest model comprises performing one of more classifications across multiple capacity management parameters using multiple decision trees corresponding thereto. | Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for automated capacity management using artificial intelligence techniques are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes obtaining image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space; determining a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model; automatically determining one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and performing one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space; determining a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model; automatically determining one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and performing one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein processing the image data using the first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least the first machine learning model comprises performing at least one object identification task and at least one instance segmentation task using a mask regional-convolutional neural network (R-CNN). 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein processing the image data using the mask R-CNN comprises:
identifying one or more areas within the image data likely to contain one or more entities by scanning the image data using at least one feature pyramid network; generating one or more bounding boxes within the image data based at least in part on the one or more identified areas; and generating at least one mask at pixel-level within at least a portion of the one or more identified areas. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the at least one feature pyramid network comprises information pertaining to three-dimensional geometry and information pertaining to one or more colors. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the image data comprise three-dimensional image data, and wherein using the mask R-CNN comprises linking one or more voxels in the three-dimensional image data to at least one class label. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the second machine learning model comprises at least one random forest model, and wherein analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using the at least one random forest model comprises performing one of more classifications across multiple capacity management parameters using multiple decision trees corresponding thereto. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more capacity management parameters comprises at least one parameter pertaining to entity entry into the confined space. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more capacity management parameters comprises at least one parameter pertaining to energy utilization in the confined space. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more automated actions comprises automatically outputting instructions to at least one capacity management-related controller associated with the confined space. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the at least one capacity management-related controller comprises at least one Internet of Things device which controls one or more variables within the confined space. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more automated actions comprises automatically notifying at least one user with the one or more determined capacity management parameters. 12. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes the at least one processing device:
to obtain image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space; to determine a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model; to automatically determine one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and to perform one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters. 13. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein processing the image data using the first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least the first machine learning model comprises performing at least one object identification task and at least one instance segmentation task using a mask R-CNN. 14. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein processing the image data using the mask R-CNN comprises:
identifying one or more areas within the image data likely to contain one or more entities by scanning the image data using at least one feature pyramid network; generating one or more bounding boxes within the image data based at least in part on the one or more identified areas; and generating at least one mask at pixel-level within at least a portion of the one or more identified areas. 15. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the at least one feature pyramid network comprises information pertaining to three-dimensional geometry and information pertaining to one or more colors. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the second machine learning model comprises at least one random forest model, and wherein analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using the at least one random forest model comprises performing one of more classifications across multiple capacity management parameters using multiple decision trees corresponding thereto. 17. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processing device being configured:
to obtain image data pertaining to occupancy of a confined space;
to determine a level of occupancy in the confined space and one or more types of entities occupying the confined space by processing the image data using a first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a first machine learning model;
to automatically determine one or more capacity management parameters with respect to the confined space by analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using a second set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least a second machine learning model; and
to perform one or more automated actions based at least in part on the one or more determined capacity management parameters. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein processing the image data using the first set of one or more artificial intelligence techniques comprising at least the first machine learning model comprises performing at least one object identification task and at least one instance segmentation task using a mask R-CNN. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein processing the image data using the mask R-CNN comprises:
identifying one or more areas within the image data likely to contain one or more entities by scanning the image data using at least one feature pyramid network; generating one or more bounding boxes within the image data based at least in part on the one or more identified areas; and generating at least one mask at pixel-level within at least a portion of the one or more identified areas. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second machine learning model comprises at least one random forest model, and wherein analyzing the determined level of occupancy and the one or more determined types of entities using the at least one random forest model comprises performing one of more classifications across multiple capacity management parameters using multiple decision trees corresponding thereto. | 3,600 |
343,444 | 16,802,870 | 3,617 | The present invention presents a method for obtaining female inbred lines from Asteracea hybrids, using the species Helianthus annuus as a model. The method of the invention is based on the modification of lines with the fertility restorer gene (Rf), obtained from self-pollination of hybrids, in lines presenting normal cytoplasm and not containing the Rf gene. Further, derived male sterile lines were developed. Through the use of this methodology it was possible to obtain female lines from commercial hybrids of sunflower. | 1. A method for producing a plant of the Asteraceae family obtained from commercial hybrids, wherein said method comprises:
(a) crossing a previously emasculated Helianthus annuus (HA) inbred line, as a non-recurrent line, with a Restorer Helianthus annuus (RHA) inbred line carrying a Helianthus annuus fertility restorer (Rf) gene, as a recurrent line; (b) producing an F1 generation of plants, containing 50% of the genotype of the recurrent RHA line of step (a); (c) backcrossing the F1 generation plants with the RHA line of step (a); (d) obtaining a first backcross generation (BC1) of plants, containing 75% of the genotype of the recurrent RHA line of step (a); (e) identifying, with respect to the fertility restorer gene (Rf), the heterozygotes (Rfrf) and homozygotes (RfRf) in the BC1 generation obtained in step (d); (f) backcrossing heterozygote (Rfrf) plants from the BC1 generation with the recurrent RHA line of step (a), to produce a second backcross generation (BC2) of plants; (g) obtaining BCn plants from the BCn−1 plants, according to steps (e) and (f); (h) after successive backcrossings in steps (e) to (g), selfing heterozygotes (Rfrf) of the BCn generation to obtain HA plants (N rfrf) and RHA plants (N RfRf and N Rfrf); (i) selfing said HA plants (N rfrf); and (j) altering an obtained HA plant (N rfrf) into a male-sterile plant by backcrossing the obtained HA plant (N rfrf), as a recurrent line, with a non-recurrent HA line exhibiting cytoplasmic male sterility, to thereby produce a female, inbred, Helianthus annuus plant obtained from a hybrid Helianthus annuus plant, wherein the cytoplasmic male sterility is PET1. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the identification in the BC1 generation of heterozygotes (Rfrf) and homozygotes (RfRf) in step (e) is performed as follows:
(i) pollinating male sterile plants with pollen produced by BC1 plants; (ii) identifying a line produced in BC1 as dominant homozygous for the fertility restorer gene (RfRf), if 100% of the plants generated after the crossing of step (i) are fertile; and (iii) identifying a line produced in BC1 as heterozygous for the fertility restorer gene (Rfrf), if fertile and sterile plants are generated after the crossing of step (i). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the BC2 plants are obtained in step (f) as follows:
(A) pollinating flowers of BC1 plants, previously emasculated, with pollen of the recurrent RHA line used in step (a); (B) obtaining BC2 plants containing normal cytoplasm and carrying the dominant homozygous genotype for the fertility restorer gene from the crossing step (A), wherein said crossing is performed with a BC1 line identified in step (ii); and (C) obtaining BC2 plants containing a normal cytoplasm and carrying a homozygous or heterozygous genotype for the fertility restorer gene from the crossing of step (A), wherein said crossing is performed with a BC1 line identified in step (iii). 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pollination of the male sterile plants is performed with pollen extracted from the outer ring of the heads of BC1 plants, wherein this part of the head is immediately removed after the pollen has been extracted. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the flowers of the BC1 plants to be pollinated with the pollen of the recurrent RHA line are located in the central region of the head. | The present invention presents a method for obtaining female inbred lines from Asteracea hybrids, using the species Helianthus annuus as a model. The method of the invention is based on the modification of lines with the fertility restorer gene (Rf), obtained from self-pollination of hybrids, in lines presenting normal cytoplasm and not containing the Rf gene. Further, derived male sterile lines were developed. Through the use of this methodology it was possible to obtain female lines from commercial hybrids of sunflower.1. A method for producing a plant of the Asteraceae family obtained from commercial hybrids, wherein said method comprises:
(a) crossing a previously emasculated Helianthus annuus (HA) inbred line, as a non-recurrent line, with a Restorer Helianthus annuus (RHA) inbred line carrying a Helianthus annuus fertility restorer (Rf) gene, as a recurrent line; (b) producing an F1 generation of plants, containing 50% of the genotype of the recurrent RHA line of step (a); (c) backcrossing the F1 generation plants with the RHA line of step (a); (d) obtaining a first backcross generation (BC1) of plants, containing 75% of the genotype of the recurrent RHA line of step (a); (e) identifying, with respect to the fertility restorer gene (Rf), the heterozygotes (Rfrf) and homozygotes (RfRf) in the BC1 generation obtained in step (d); (f) backcrossing heterozygote (Rfrf) plants from the BC1 generation with the recurrent RHA line of step (a), to produce a second backcross generation (BC2) of plants; (g) obtaining BCn plants from the BCn−1 plants, according to steps (e) and (f); (h) after successive backcrossings in steps (e) to (g), selfing heterozygotes (Rfrf) of the BCn generation to obtain HA plants (N rfrf) and RHA plants (N RfRf and N Rfrf); (i) selfing said HA plants (N rfrf); and (j) altering an obtained HA plant (N rfrf) into a male-sterile plant by backcrossing the obtained HA plant (N rfrf), as a recurrent line, with a non-recurrent HA line exhibiting cytoplasmic male sterility, to thereby produce a female, inbred, Helianthus annuus plant obtained from a hybrid Helianthus annuus plant, wherein the cytoplasmic male sterility is PET1. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the identification in the BC1 generation of heterozygotes (Rfrf) and homozygotes (RfRf) in step (e) is performed as follows:
(i) pollinating male sterile plants with pollen produced by BC1 plants; (ii) identifying a line produced in BC1 as dominant homozygous for the fertility restorer gene (RfRf), if 100% of the plants generated after the crossing of step (i) are fertile; and (iii) identifying a line produced in BC1 as heterozygous for the fertility restorer gene (Rfrf), if fertile and sterile plants are generated after the crossing of step (i). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the BC2 plants are obtained in step (f) as follows:
(A) pollinating flowers of BC1 plants, previously emasculated, with pollen of the recurrent RHA line used in step (a); (B) obtaining BC2 plants containing normal cytoplasm and carrying the dominant homozygous genotype for the fertility restorer gene from the crossing step (A), wherein said crossing is performed with a BC1 line identified in step (ii); and (C) obtaining BC2 plants containing a normal cytoplasm and carrying a homozygous or heterozygous genotype for the fertility restorer gene from the crossing of step (A), wherein said crossing is performed with a BC1 line identified in step (iii). 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pollination of the male sterile plants is performed with pollen extracted from the outer ring of the heads of BC1 plants, wherein this part of the head is immediately removed after the pollen has been extracted. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the flowers of the BC1 plants to be pollinated with the pollen of the recurrent RHA line are located in the central region of the head. | 3,600 |
343,445 | 16,802,853 | 3,617 | According to some illustrative embodiments, an angularly adjustable spray nozzle is employed that includes: a base section having a water flow path extending lengthwise there-through; a head section aligned at an end of the base section and rotatably mounted to the base section; wherein a flow path through the base section is inclined at an angle to a flow path through the head section such that when the head section is rotated a predetermined extent relative to the base section, the spray device is moved between a substantially straight configuration of the head section with respect to the base section and an angular configuration of the head section with respect to the base section; wherein the head section includes a rotatable turret assembly having a plurality of selectable spray type discharge ports and a sleeve to which the rotatable turret assembly is mounted, the rotatable turret assembly including labels on a periphery thereof corresponding to respective ones of the selectable spray type discharge ports, and the sleeve having a plurality of windows through which the labels are viewed when aligned; and wherein the spray device is configured such that when the spray device is oriented in a generally horizontal use position a respective one of the labels corresponding to a selected spray type is displayed within a respective one of the windows that is located at a top side of the sleeve whether the spray device is in the substantially straight configuration or in the angular configuration. | 1. A method of operating an angularly adjustable spray device, comprising:
1) providing an angularly adjustable spray device having: a base section having a water flow path extending lengthwise there-through; a head section aligned at an end of said base section and rotatably mounted to said base section; wherein a flow path through said base section is inclined at an angle to a flow path through said head section such that when said head section is rotated a predetermined extent relative to said base section, said spray device is moved between a substantially straight configuration of said head section with respect to said base section and an angular configuration of said head section with respect to said base section; wherein said head section includes a rotatable turret assembly having a plurality of selectable spray type discharge ports and a sleeve to which the rotatable turret assembly is mounted, said rotatable turret assembly including labels on a periphery thereof corresponding to respective ones of said selectable spray type discharge ports, and said sleeve having a plurality of windows through which said labels are viewed when aligned; and wherein said spray device is configured such that when the spray device is oriented in a generally horizontal use position a respective one of said labels corresponding to a selected spray type is displayed within a respective one of said windows that is located at a top side of the sleeve whether said spray device is in said substantially straight configuration or in said angular configuration; 2) orienting said spray device in a generally horizontal use position with the spray device in a substantially straight configuration with a respective one of said labels corresponding to a selected spray type displayed via a first window that is located at a top side of the sleeve; and 3) rotating the sleeve relative to the base section by 180 degrees such that the spray device is in an angular configuration, without rotating the turret assembly relative to the sleeve, such that a second window on an opposite side of the sleeve is located at a top side of the sleeve and the first window is located at a bottom side of the sleeve. 2. The method of operating an angularly adjustable spray device of claim 1, further including displaying the same spray type label via the first window when the spray device is in said substantially straight configuration and via the second window when said spray device is in said angular configuration without rotating the turret assembly relative to the sleeve. 3. An angularly adjustable spray device, comprising:
a base section having a water flow path extending lengthwise there-through; a head section aligned at an end of said base section and rotatably mounted to said base section; wherein a front face of said base section is inclined at an angle such that when said head section is rotated a predetermined extent relative to said base section, said spray device is moved between a substantially linear position of said head section with respect to said base section to angular position of said head section with respect to said base section; wherein said head section includes a rotatable turret having a plurality of selectable spray type discharge ports; and wherein said spray device is configured such that a water flow path through said head section maintains a consistent discharge orientation from an and end face of said head section despite rotation of said head section relative to said base section. 4. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 3, wherein said spray device is further configured such that a type of spray type discharge port selected remains the same despite rotation of said head section relative to said base section between said substantially linear position and said angular position. 5. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 3, wherein said predetermined extent is approximately 180 degrees around an axis through said base section. 6. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 3, wherein said base section has a diverter member fixedly attached thereto which diverts the flow path to be radially stepped from a center axis through said base section. 7. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 6, wherein said head section includes a cap portion that is rotatably mounted to said diverter member and that includes two channels that are separately aligned with said radially stepped flow path depending on the rotation position of said head section. | According to some illustrative embodiments, an angularly adjustable spray nozzle is employed that includes: a base section having a water flow path extending lengthwise there-through; a head section aligned at an end of the base section and rotatably mounted to the base section; wherein a flow path through the base section is inclined at an angle to a flow path through the head section such that when the head section is rotated a predetermined extent relative to the base section, the spray device is moved between a substantially straight configuration of the head section with respect to the base section and an angular configuration of the head section with respect to the base section; wherein the head section includes a rotatable turret assembly having a plurality of selectable spray type discharge ports and a sleeve to which the rotatable turret assembly is mounted, the rotatable turret assembly including labels on a periphery thereof corresponding to respective ones of the selectable spray type discharge ports, and the sleeve having a plurality of windows through which the labels are viewed when aligned; and wherein the spray device is configured such that when the spray device is oriented in a generally horizontal use position a respective one of the labels corresponding to a selected spray type is displayed within a respective one of the windows that is located at a top side of the sleeve whether the spray device is in the substantially straight configuration or in the angular configuration.1. A method of operating an angularly adjustable spray device, comprising:
1) providing an angularly adjustable spray device having: a base section having a water flow path extending lengthwise there-through; a head section aligned at an end of said base section and rotatably mounted to said base section; wherein a flow path through said base section is inclined at an angle to a flow path through said head section such that when said head section is rotated a predetermined extent relative to said base section, said spray device is moved between a substantially straight configuration of said head section with respect to said base section and an angular configuration of said head section with respect to said base section; wherein said head section includes a rotatable turret assembly having a plurality of selectable spray type discharge ports and a sleeve to which the rotatable turret assembly is mounted, said rotatable turret assembly including labels on a periphery thereof corresponding to respective ones of said selectable spray type discharge ports, and said sleeve having a plurality of windows through which said labels are viewed when aligned; and wherein said spray device is configured such that when the spray device is oriented in a generally horizontal use position a respective one of said labels corresponding to a selected spray type is displayed within a respective one of said windows that is located at a top side of the sleeve whether said spray device is in said substantially straight configuration or in said angular configuration; 2) orienting said spray device in a generally horizontal use position with the spray device in a substantially straight configuration with a respective one of said labels corresponding to a selected spray type displayed via a first window that is located at a top side of the sleeve; and 3) rotating the sleeve relative to the base section by 180 degrees such that the spray device is in an angular configuration, without rotating the turret assembly relative to the sleeve, such that a second window on an opposite side of the sleeve is located at a top side of the sleeve and the first window is located at a bottom side of the sleeve. 2. The method of operating an angularly adjustable spray device of claim 1, further including displaying the same spray type label via the first window when the spray device is in said substantially straight configuration and via the second window when said spray device is in said angular configuration without rotating the turret assembly relative to the sleeve. 3. An angularly adjustable spray device, comprising:
a base section having a water flow path extending lengthwise there-through; a head section aligned at an end of said base section and rotatably mounted to said base section; wherein a front face of said base section is inclined at an angle such that when said head section is rotated a predetermined extent relative to said base section, said spray device is moved between a substantially linear position of said head section with respect to said base section to angular position of said head section with respect to said base section; wherein said head section includes a rotatable turret having a plurality of selectable spray type discharge ports; and wherein said spray device is configured such that a water flow path through said head section maintains a consistent discharge orientation from an and end face of said head section despite rotation of said head section relative to said base section. 4. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 3, wherein said spray device is further configured such that a type of spray type discharge port selected remains the same despite rotation of said head section relative to said base section between said substantially linear position and said angular position. 5. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 3, wherein said predetermined extent is approximately 180 degrees around an axis through said base section. 6. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 3, wherein said base section has a diverter member fixedly attached thereto which diverts the flow path to be radially stepped from a center axis through said base section. 7. The angularly adjustable spray device of claim 6, wherein said head section includes a cap portion that is rotatably mounted to said diverter member and that includes two channels that are separately aligned with said radially stepped flow path depending on the rotation position of said head section. | 3,600 |
343,446 | 16,802,840 | 3,617 | Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for automated device power conservation using machine learning techniques are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes obtaining usage-related data from one or more processing devices; determining at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques; automatically generating, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and performing at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining usage-related data from one or more processing devices; determining at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques; automatically generating, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and performing at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the usage-related data comprise time series data, and wherein using the one or more machine learning techniques comprises predicting instances of one or more usage states by applying at least one autoregressive integrated moving average model to at least a portion of the time series data. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more usage states comprises at least an idle state, and wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one mode value attributable to at least one instance when the one or more processing devices are in the idle state. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein predicting the instances of one or more usage states comprises confirming the at least one determined usage pattern against one or more sets of historical usage-related data from the one or more processing devices. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein performing the at least one automated action comprises automatically transitioning at least a portion of the one or more processing devices to a decreased power mode at one or more instances of time in accordance with the generated instructions. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein automatically transitioning the at least a portion of the one or more processing devices to a decreased power mode comprises executing at least a portion of the generated instructions via at least one baseboard management controller associated with the one or more processing devices. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the usage-related data comprises retrieving the usage-related data from at least one baseboard management controller associated with the one or more processing devices. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one usage pattern in accordance with each of one or more temporal parameters. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the usage-related data comprise baseline power values for the one or more processing devices. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the usage-related data comprise information pertaining to one or more of central processing units, memory, system infrastructure utilization, and input-output activity. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more data cleaning techniques. 12. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes the at least one processing device:
to obtain usage-related data from one or more processing devices; to determine at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques; to automatically generate, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and to perform at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions. 13. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the usage-related data comprise time series data, and wherein using the one or more machine learning techniques comprises predicting instances of one or more usage states by applying at least one autoregressive integrated moving average model to at least a portion of the time series data. 14. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the one or more usage states comprises at least an idle state, and wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one mode value attributable to at least one instance when the one or more processing devices are in the idle state. 15. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein predicting the instances of one or more usage states comprises confirming the at least one determined usage pattern against one or more sets of historical usage-related data from the one or more processing devices. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein performing the at least one automated action comprises automatically transitioning at least a portion of the one or more processing devices to a decreased power mode at one or more instances of time in accordance with the generated instructions. 17. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processing device being configured:
to obtain usage-related data from one or more processing devices;
to determine at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques;
to automatically generate, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and
to perform at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the usage-related data comprise time series data, and wherein using the one or more machine learning techniques comprises predicting instances of one or more usage states by applying at least one autoregressive integrated moving average model to at least a portion of the time series data. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more usage states comprises at least an idle state, and wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one mode value attributable to at least one instance when the one or more processing devices are in the idle state. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein predicting the instances of one or more usage states comprises confirming the at least one determined usage pattern against one or more sets of historical usage-related data from the one or more processing devices. | Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for automated device power conservation using machine learning techniques are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes obtaining usage-related data from one or more processing devices; determining at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques; automatically generating, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and performing at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
obtaining usage-related data from one or more processing devices; determining at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques; automatically generating, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and performing at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the usage-related data comprise time series data, and wherein using the one or more machine learning techniques comprises predicting instances of one or more usage states by applying at least one autoregressive integrated moving average model to at least a portion of the time series data. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more usage states comprises at least an idle state, and wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one mode value attributable to at least one instance when the one or more processing devices are in the idle state. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein predicting the instances of one or more usage states comprises confirming the at least one determined usage pattern against one or more sets of historical usage-related data from the one or more processing devices. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein performing the at least one automated action comprises automatically transitioning at least a portion of the one or more processing devices to a decreased power mode at one or more instances of time in accordance with the generated instructions. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein automatically transitioning the at least a portion of the one or more processing devices to a decreased power mode comprises executing at least a portion of the generated instructions via at least one baseboard management controller associated with the one or more processing devices. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the usage-related data comprises retrieving the usage-related data from at least one baseboard management controller associated with the one or more processing devices. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one usage pattern in accordance with each of one or more temporal parameters. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the usage-related data comprise baseline power values for the one or more processing devices. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the usage-related data comprise information pertaining to one or more of central processing units, memory, system infrastructure utilization, and input-output activity. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more data cleaning techniques. 12. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes the at least one processing device:
to obtain usage-related data from one or more processing devices; to determine at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques; to automatically generate, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and to perform at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions. 13. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the usage-related data comprise time series data, and wherein using the one or more machine learning techniques comprises predicting instances of one or more usage states by applying at least one autoregressive integrated moving average model to at least a portion of the time series data. 14. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the one or more usage states comprises at least an idle state, and wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one mode value attributable to at least one instance when the one or more processing devices are in the idle state. 15. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein predicting the instances of one or more usage states comprises confirming the at least one determined usage pattern against one or more sets of historical usage-related data from the one or more processing devices. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein performing the at least one automated action comprises automatically transitioning at least a portion of the one or more processing devices to a decreased power mode at one or more instances of time in accordance with the generated instructions. 17. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processing device being configured:
to obtain usage-related data from one or more processing devices;
to determine at least one usage pattern for the one or more processing devices by processing the obtained usage-related data using one or more machine learning techniques;
to automatically generate, based at least in part on the at least one determined usage pattern, instructions pertaining to controlling one or more power states of the one or more processing devices; and
to perform at least one automated action based at least in part on the generated instructions. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the usage-related data comprise time series data, and wherein using the one or more machine learning techniques comprises predicting instances of one or more usage states by applying at least one autoregressive integrated moving average model to at least a portion of the time series data. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more usage states comprises at least an idle state, and wherein determining the at least one usage pattern comprises determining at least one mode value attributable to at least one instance when the one or more processing devices are in the idle state. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein predicting the instances of one or more usage states comprises confirming the at least one determined usage pattern against one or more sets of historical usage-related data from the one or more processing devices. | 3,600 |
343,447 | 16,802,834 | 3,617 | Technology for transcoding avoidance is disclosed. A mobile switching center (MSC) server can decode a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME) that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) over long term evolution (LTE) system. The MSC server can encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. | 1. At least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for transcoding avoidance, the instructions when executed by one or more processors perform the following:
decoding, at a mobile switching center (MSC) server, a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME) that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) over long term evolution (LTE) system; and encoding, at the MSC server, the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. 2. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: including the selected CODEC information in a synchronization indicator. 3. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: determining when the MSC server supports the selected CODEC used by the IMS over the LTE system. 4. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: using the selected CODEC to be used in a circuit switch (CS) domain according to the selected CODEC previously used in the IMS over LTE system during the SRVCC. 5. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to the target MSC and a radio station subsystem/base station system k (RNS/BSS) to enable the RNS/BSS to send to an evolved NodeB (eNB) the selected CODEC information included in a radio resource control (RRC) container of a target to source container. 6. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: notifying an access transfer control function (ATCF) of the selected CODEC information during a session transfer operation. 7. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to an access transfer gateway (ATGW). 8. At least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for transcoding avoidance, the instructions when executed by one or more processors perform the following:
decoding, at a mobile switching center (MSC) server, a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME); encoding, at the MSC server, a CODEC request message for transmission to an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); decoding, at the MSC server, a CODEC query response message received from the IMS that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an IMS over long term evolution LTE system; and encoding, at the MSC server, the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. 9. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: querying the IMS for the selected CODEC information in the CODEC request message. 10. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to the target MSC and a radio station subsystem/base station system (RNS/BSS) to enable the RNS/BSS to send to an evolved NodeB (eNB) the selected CODEC information included in a radio resource control (RRC) container of the target to source container. 11. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: notifying an access transfer control function (ATCF) of the selected CODEC information during a session transfer operation. 12. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to an access transfer gateway (ATGW). 13. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: decoding the CODEC query response message received from the IMS that includes previously used CODEC information selected for a user equipment (UE) in the IMS over long term evolution LTE system. 14. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: indicating a priority indication in the SRVCC PS to CS request message for the target MSC to use the selected CODEC. 15. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 14, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding a prepare handover request for transmission to the target MSC with the priority indication in the SRVCC PS to CS request message. 16. An apparatus of a mobile switching center (MSC) server operable to perform transcoding avoidance, the apparatus comprising:
memory; and one or more processors configured to: decode a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME); encode a CODEC request message for transmission to an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); decode a CODEC query response message received from the IMS that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an IMS over long term evolution (LTE) system; and encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to query the IMS for the selected CODEC information in the CODEC request message with identification of the UE. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to the target MSC and a radio station subsystem/base station system (RNS/BSS) to enable the RNS/BSS to send to an evolved NodeB (eNB) the selected CODEC information included in a radio resource control (RRC) container of the target to source container. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to encode a prepare handover request for transmission to the target MSC with a priority indication in the SRVCC PS to CS request message. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to an access transfer gateway (ATGW). | Technology for transcoding avoidance is disclosed. A mobile switching center (MSC) server can decode a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME) that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) over long term evolution (LTE) system. The MSC server can encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain.1. At least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for transcoding avoidance, the instructions when executed by one or more processors perform the following:
decoding, at a mobile switching center (MSC) server, a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME) that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) over long term evolution (LTE) system; and encoding, at the MSC server, the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. 2. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: including the selected CODEC information in a synchronization indicator. 3. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: determining when the MSC server supports the selected CODEC used by the IMS over the LTE system. 4. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: using the selected CODEC to be used in a circuit switch (CS) domain according to the selected CODEC previously used in the IMS over LTE system during the SRVCC. 5. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to the target MSC and a radio station subsystem/base station system k (RNS/BSS) to enable the RNS/BSS to send to an evolved NodeB (eNB) the selected CODEC information included in a radio resource control (RRC) container of a target to source container. 6. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: notifying an access transfer control function (ATCF) of the selected CODEC information during a session transfer operation. 7. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 1, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to an access transfer gateway (ATGW). 8. At least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for transcoding avoidance, the instructions when executed by one or more processors perform the following:
decoding, at a mobile switching center (MSC) server, a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME); encoding, at the MSC server, a CODEC request message for transmission to an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); decoding, at the MSC server, a CODEC query response message received from the IMS that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an IMS over long term evolution LTE system; and encoding, at the MSC server, the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. 9. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: querying the IMS for the selected CODEC information in the CODEC request message. 10. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to the target MSC and a radio station subsystem/base station system (RNS/BSS) to enable the RNS/BSS to send to an evolved NodeB (eNB) the selected CODEC information included in a radio resource control (RRC) container of the target to source container. 11. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: notifying an access transfer control function (ATCF) of the selected CODEC information during a session transfer operation. 12. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the selected CODEC information for transmission to an access transfer gateway (ATGW). 13. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: decoding the CODEC query response message received from the IMS that includes previously used CODEC information selected for a user equipment (UE) in the IMS over long term evolution LTE system. 14. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: indicating a priority indication in the SRVCC PS to CS request message for the target MSC to use the selected CODEC. 15. The at least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 14, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding a prepare handover request for transmission to the target MSC with the priority indication in the SRVCC PS to CS request message. 16. An apparatus of a mobile switching center (MSC) server operable to perform transcoding avoidance, the apparatus comprising:
memory; and one or more processors configured to: decode a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) packet switch (PS) to circuit switched (CS) request message received from a mobility management entity (MME); encode a CODEC request message for transmission to an internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); decode a CODEC query response message received from the IMS that includes selected CODEC information for a selected CODEC used for a user equipment (UE) in an IMS over long term evolution (LTE) system; and encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to a target MSC to enable the target MSC to identify the selected CODEC for the UE to allow the selected CODEC to be used in the CS domain. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to query the IMS for the selected CODEC information in the CODEC request message with identification of the UE. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to the target MSC and a radio station subsystem/base station system (RNS/BSS) to enable the RNS/BSS to send to an evolved NodeB (eNB) the selected CODEC information included in a radio resource control (RRC) container of the target to source container. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to encode a prepare handover request for transmission to the target MSC with a priority indication in the SRVCC PS to CS request message. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to encode the selected CODEC information for transmission to an access transfer gateway (ATGW). | 3,600 |
343,448 | 16,802,855 | 3,617 | A transfer apparatus holdes a plate-shaped workpiece under suction in a noncontact condition and transfers the workpiece. The transfer apparatus includes a base, a Bernoulli transfer pad fixed to the base for spraying air toward the workpiece to produce a vacuum, and a moving unit for moving the base. The Bernoulli transfer pad includes a cylindrical pad body. The pad body has a lower surface as a holding surface to which a fluid spraying portion opens and an annular pad mounting portion for mounting an annular pad. When the annular pad is mounted on the annular pad mounting portion, the holding surface is increased in a radial direction of the pad body to thereby increase a suction force for sucking the workpiece. | 1. A transfer apparatus for holding a plate-shaped workpiece under suction in a noncontact condition and transferring said plate-shaped workpiece, said transfer apparatus comprising:
a base; a Bernoulli transfer pad fixed to said base for spraying a fluid toward said workpiece to produce a vacuum; and a moving unit for moving said base; said Bernoulli transfer pad including a cylindrical pad body, said pad body having a first holding surface to which a fluid spraying portion opens and an annular pad mounting portion for mounting an annular pad, wherein when said annular pad is mounted on said annular pad mounting portion, said first holding surface is increased in a radial direction of said pad body to thereby increase a suction force for sucking said workpiece. 2. The transfer apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said annular pad mounting portion is formed by a cylindrical outer surface of said pad body; and said Bernoulli transfer pad further includes an annular pad mounted to said pad body, said annular pad having an inner diameter equal to a diameter of said pad body and a second holding surface flush with said first holding surface on a radially outside of said pad body. 3. The transfer apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
said annular pad includes a plurality of annular pads having different outer diameters; and a selected one of said plurality of annular pads is mounted on the cylindrical outer surface of said pad body. | A transfer apparatus holdes a plate-shaped workpiece under suction in a noncontact condition and transfers the workpiece. The transfer apparatus includes a base, a Bernoulli transfer pad fixed to the base for spraying air toward the workpiece to produce a vacuum, and a moving unit for moving the base. The Bernoulli transfer pad includes a cylindrical pad body. The pad body has a lower surface as a holding surface to which a fluid spraying portion opens and an annular pad mounting portion for mounting an annular pad. When the annular pad is mounted on the annular pad mounting portion, the holding surface is increased in a radial direction of the pad body to thereby increase a suction force for sucking the workpiece.1. A transfer apparatus for holding a plate-shaped workpiece under suction in a noncontact condition and transferring said plate-shaped workpiece, said transfer apparatus comprising:
a base; a Bernoulli transfer pad fixed to said base for spraying a fluid toward said workpiece to produce a vacuum; and a moving unit for moving said base; said Bernoulli transfer pad including a cylindrical pad body, said pad body having a first holding surface to which a fluid spraying portion opens and an annular pad mounting portion for mounting an annular pad, wherein when said annular pad is mounted on said annular pad mounting portion, said first holding surface is increased in a radial direction of said pad body to thereby increase a suction force for sucking said workpiece. 2. The transfer apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said annular pad mounting portion is formed by a cylindrical outer surface of said pad body; and said Bernoulli transfer pad further includes an annular pad mounted to said pad body, said annular pad having an inner diameter equal to a diameter of said pad body and a second holding surface flush with said first holding surface on a radially outside of said pad body. 3. The transfer apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
said annular pad includes a plurality of annular pads having different outer diameters; and a selected one of said plurality of annular pads is mounted on the cylindrical outer surface of said pad body. | 3,600 |
343,449 | 16,802,836 | 3,617 | Provided are a data driver and a display driving circuit including the data driver. A data driver configured to drive a display panel including a plurality of subpixels connected to a plurality of sensing lines includes: a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals received via the plurality of sensing lines; a switching block configured to provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit in a first sensing period, and in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit in a second sensing period; and a converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by amplifying and analog-to-digital converting on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. | 1. A data driver configured to drive a display panel, the display panel comprising a plurality of sensing lines and a plurality of subpixels connected to the plurality of sensing lines, the data driver comprising:
a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals respectively received via the plurality of sensing lines; a switching block configured to provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, the switching block being further configured to, in a first sensing period, provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits; and a converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by amplifying and performing an analog-to-digital conversion on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 2. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the switching block is further configured to:
in the first sensing period, provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a first sequential order, and in the second sensing period, provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a second sequential order opposite to the first sequential order. 3. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the switching block comprises a plurality of switching units respectively connected to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and
wherein each of the plurality of switching units is configured to, in the first sensing period, in response to a first switching signal, provide one sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a corresponding sample-and-hold circuit, and in the second sensing period, in response to a second switching signal, provide another sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to the corresponding sample-and-hold circuit. 4. The data driver of claim 1, further comprising an operation circuit configured to generate a first reference sensing value to be used for compensating image data, by averaging a first sensing value generated in the first sensing period and a second sensing value generated in the second sensing period among the plurality of sensing values. 5. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value corresponds to a first output signal output from the first sample-and-hold circuit in the first sensing period, and the second sensing value corresponds to a second output signal output from the second sample-and-hold circuit in the second sensing period. 6. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value corresponds to the first sensing signal received via a first sensing line among the plurality of sensing lines in the first sensing period, and the second sensing value corresponds to the first sensing signal received via the first sensing line in the second sensing period. 7. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value and the second sensing value correspond to two pixel signals respectively output from two adjacent subpixels connected to an identical sensing line among the plurality of sensing lines. 8. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value and the second sensing value correspond to two pixel signals output from an identical subpixel of the display panel in the first sensing period and the second sensing period. 9. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits comprises 2m (m being an integer equal to or greater than 4) sample-and-hold circuits adjacently arranged to each other, and the switching block comprises:
a first switching block configured to, in the first sensing period, provide m first sensing signals among the plurality of sensing signals to m sample-and-hold circuits among the 2m sample-and-hold circuits in a first order, and, in the second sensing period, provide the m sensing signals to the m sample-and-hold circuits in a second order opposite to the first order; and a second switching block configured to, in the first sensing period, provide m second sensing signals among the plurality of sensing signals to remaining m sample-and-hold circuits among the 2m sample-and-hold circuits in the first order, and, in the second sensing period, provide the m second sensing signals to the remaining m sample-and-hold circuits in the second order. 10. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the converting circuit comprises:
an amplifying circuit comprising a first capacitor connected to an input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifying circuit, the amplifying circuit being configured to amplify an output of each of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits based on a ratio of a capacitance of the first capacitor and a capacitance of a second capacitor arranged in each of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits; and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to perform an analog-to-digital conversion on an output of the amplifying circuit. 11. A display driving circuit, comprising:
a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to receive a plurality of sensing signals respectively via a plurality of sensing lines of a display panel; a switching block configured to, in a first sensing period, perform a first one-to-one connection of the plurality of sensing lines to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a first order, and, in a second sensing period, perform a second one-to-one connection of the plurality of sensing lines to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a second order opposite to the first order; and an analog-to-digital converting circuit configured to, in the first sensing period, generate a plurality of first sensing values based on respective outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and, in the second sensing period, generate a plurality of second sensing values based on the respective outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 12. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits are arranged in a first direction, and
the first order corresponds to an order among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in the first direction and the second order corresponds to an order among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. 13. The display driving circuit of claim 11, further comprising a compensation circuit configured to compensate for output deviations among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 14. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits comprise m (m being an integer equal to or greater than 4) sample-and-hold circuits arranged in a first direction,
the display driving circuit further comprising an operation circuit configured to generate a reference sensing value by averaging a sensing value corresponding to an output of a (1+n)th sample-and-hold circuit (n being an integer less than m) among the plurality of first sensing values and a sensing value corresponding to an output of an (m-n)th sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of second sensing values. 15. The display driving circuit of claim 14, further comprising a compensation circuit configured to compensate image data to be displayed on the display panel based on the reference sensing value. 16. A data driver comprising:
a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals corresponding to a plurality of pixels respectively received via a plurality of sensing lines of a display panel; at least one converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by performing an analog-to-digital conversion on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits; and an operation circuit configured to generate a reference sensing value to be used for compensating image data to be displayed on the display panel, by averaging at least two sensing values corresponding to at least two sample-and-hold circuits not being adjacent to each other, among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 17. The data driver of claim 16, further comprising a switching block configured to provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits,
wherein the switching block being further configured to, in a first sensing period, provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and, in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 18. The data driver of claim 16, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits comprise k first sample-and-hold circuits and k second sample-and-hold circuits sequentially arranged in a first direction, and
wherein k odd-numbered sensing signals among the plurality of sensing signals are provided to the k first sample-and-hold circuits, and k even-numbered sensing signals are provided to the k second sample-and-hold circuits. 19. The data driver of claim 18, wherein the operation circuit is configured to average a first sensing value generated based on a odd-numbered sensing signal and a second sensing value generated based on a even-numbered sensing signal among the plurality of sensing values, and
wherein the first sensing value and the second sensing value correspond to pixel signals of two adjacent pixels arranged on an identical column in the display panel. 20. The data driver of claim 18, wherein the at least one converting circuit comprises:
a first converting circuit configured to amplify and convert respective outputs of the k first sample-and-hold circuits; and a second converting circuit configured to amplify and convert respective outputs of the k second sample-and-hold circuits. | Provided are a data driver and a display driving circuit including the data driver. A data driver configured to drive a display panel including a plurality of subpixels connected to a plurality of sensing lines includes: a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals received via the plurality of sensing lines; a switching block configured to provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit in a first sensing period, and in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit in a second sensing period; and a converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by amplifying and analog-to-digital converting on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits.1. A data driver configured to drive a display panel, the display panel comprising a plurality of sensing lines and a plurality of subpixels connected to the plurality of sensing lines, the data driver comprising:
a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals respectively received via the plurality of sensing lines; a switching block configured to provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, the switching block being further configured to, in a first sensing period, provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits; and a converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by amplifying and performing an analog-to-digital conversion on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 2. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the switching block is further configured to:
in the first sensing period, provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a first sequential order, and in the second sensing period, provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a second sequential order opposite to the first sequential order. 3. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the switching block comprises a plurality of switching units respectively connected to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and
wherein each of the plurality of switching units is configured to, in the first sensing period, in response to a first switching signal, provide one sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a corresponding sample-and-hold circuit, and in the second sensing period, in response to a second switching signal, provide another sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to the corresponding sample-and-hold circuit. 4. The data driver of claim 1, further comprising an operation circuit configured to generate a first reference sensing value to be used for compensating image data, by averaging a first sensing value generated in the first sensing period and a second sensing value generated in the second sensing period among the plurality of sensing values. 5. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value corresponds to a first output signal output from the first sample-and-hold circuit in the first sensing period, and the second sensing value corresponds to a second output signal output from the second sample-and-hold circuit in the second sensing period. 6. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value corresponds to the first sensing signal received via a first sensing line among the plurality of sensing lines in the first sensing period, and the second sensing value corresponds to the first sensing signal received via the first sensing line in the second sensing period. 7. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value and the second sensing value correspond to two pixel signals respectively output from two adjacent subpixels connected to an identical sensing line among the plurality of sensing lines. 8. The data driver of claim 4, wherein the first sensing value and the second sensing value correspond to two pixel signals output from an identical subpixel of the display panel in the first sensing period and the second sensing period. 9. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits comprises 2m (m being an integer equal to or greater than 4) sample-and-hold circuits adjacently arranged to each other, and the switching block comprises:
a first switching block configured to, in the first sensing period, provide m first sensing signals among the plurality of sensing signals to m sample-and-hold circuits among the 2m sample-and-hold circuits in a first order, and, in the second sensing period, provide the m sensing signals to the m sample-and-hold circuits in a second order opposite to the first order; and a second switching block configured to, in the first sensing period, provide m second sensing signals among the plurality of sensing signals to remaining m sample-and-hold circuits among the 2m sample-and-hold circuits in the first order, and, in the second sensing period, provide the m second sensing signals to the remaining m sample-and-hold circuits in the second order. 10. The data driver of claim 1, wherein the converting circuit comprises:
an amplifying circuit comprising a first capacitor connected to an input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifying circuit, the amplifying circuit being configured to amplify an output of each of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits based on a ratio of a capacitance of the first capacitor and a capacitance of a second capacitor arranged in each of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits; and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to perform an analog-to-digital conversion on an output of the amplifying circuit. 11. A display driving circuit, comprising:
a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to receive a plurality of sensing signals respectively via a plurality of sensing lines of a display panel; a switching block configured to, in a first sensing period, perform a first one-to-one connection of the plurality of sensing lines to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a first order, and, in a second sensing period, perform a second one-to-one connection of the plurality of sensing lines to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a second order opposite to the first order; and an analog-to-digital converting circuit configured to, in the first sensing period, generate a plurality of first sensing values based on respective outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and, in the second sensing period, generate a plurality of second sensing values based on the respective outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 12. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits are arranged in a first direction, and
the first order corresponds to an order among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in the first direction and the second order corresponds to an order among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. 13. The display driving circuit of claim 11, further comprising a compensation circuit configured to compensate for output deviations among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 14. The display driving circuit of claim 11, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits comprise m (m being an integer equal to or greater than 4) sample-and-hold circuits arranged in a first direction,
the display driving circuit further comprising an operation circuit configured to generate a reference sensing value by averaging a sensing value corresponding to an output of a (1+n)th sample-and-hold circuit (n being an integer less than m) among the plurality of first sensing values and a sensing value corresponding to an output of an (m-n)th sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of second sensing values. 15. The display driving circuit of claim 14, further comprising a compensation circuit configured to compensate image data to be displayed on the display panel based on the reference sensing value. 16. A data driver comprising:
a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals corresponding to a plurality of pixels respectively received via a plurality of sensing lines of a display panel; at least one converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by performing an analog-to-digital conversion on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits; and an operation circuit configured to generate a reference sensing value to be used for compensating image data to be displayed on the display panel, by averaging at least two sensing values corresponding to at least two sample-and-hold circuits not being adjacent to each other, among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 17. The data driver of claim 16, further comprising a switching block configured to provide the plurality of sensing signals to the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits,
wherein the switching block being further configured to, in a first sensing period, provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits, and, in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit among the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits. 18. The data driver of claim 16, wherein the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits comprise k first sample-and-hold circuits and k second sample-and-hold circuits sequentially arranged in a first direction, and
wherein k odd-numbered sensing signals among the plurality of sensing signals are provided to the k first sample-and-hold circuits, and k even-numbered sensing signals are provided to the k second sample-and-hold circuits. 19. The data driver of claim 18, wherein the operation circuit is configured to average a first sensing value generated based on a odd-numbered sensing signal and a second sensing value generated based on a even-numbered sensing signal among the plurality of sensing values, and
wherein the first sensing value and the second sensing value correspond to pixel signals of two adjacent pixels arranged on an identical column in the display panel. 20. The data driver of claim 18, wherein the at least one converting circuit comprises:
a first converting circuit configured to amplify and convert respective outputs of the k first sample-and-hold circuits; and a second converting circuit configured to amplify and convert respective outputs of the k second sample-and-hold circuits. | 3,600 |
343,450 | 16,802,839 | 3,617 | A method is used in managing remote replication in storage systems. The method monitors network traffic characteristics of a network. The network enables communication between a first storage system and a second storage system. The method predicts a change in at least one of an application demand of an application of a set of applications executing on the first storage server and a network state of the network, where the set of applications have been identified for performing a replication to the second storage system. Based on the prediction, the method dynamically manages replication of the set of applications in accordance with a performance target associated with each application. | 1. A method of managing remote replication in storage systems, the method comprising:
monitoring network traffic characteristics of a network, wherein the network enables communication between a first storage system and a second storage system; predicting a change in at least one of an application demand of an application of a set of applications executing on the first storage server and a network state of the network, wherein the set of applications have been identified for performing a replication to the second storage system; and based on the prediction, dynamically managing replication of the set of applications in accordance with a performance target associated with each application by journaling write requests to by delay performing replication. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting the change in the network state comprises determining a predicted future state of the network indicating bandwidth availability for the network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the prediction of the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state comprises predicting a probability that at least one of the application demand and network state will change. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein predicting the probability comprises:
applying a statistical model to at least one of the application demand and network state. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
updating the statistical model with the predicted change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first storage system indicates a primary storage system and the second storage system indicates a remote storage system, wherein data of the primary storage system is remotely replicated to the remote storage system. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network traffic characteristics of the network includes bandwidth of the network available to the set of applications. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of applications include a subset of applications that are critical to a user of the first and second storage systems and a subset of applications that are less critical to the user of the first and second storage systems. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically managing replication of the set of applications in accordance with the performance target comprises:
adjusting execution of at least one application of the set of application executing on the first storage system, based on the prediction of the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the execution of the at least one application of the set of applications comprises:
dynamically changing a latency of the at least one application. 11. A system for use in managing remote replication in storage systems, the system comprising a processor configured to:
monitor network traffic characteristics of a network, wherein the network enables communication between a first storage system and a second storage system; predict a change in at least one of an application demand of an application of a set of applications executing on the first storage server and a network state of the network, wherein the set of applications have been identified for performing a replication to the second storage system; and based on the prediction, dynamically manage replication of the set of applications in accordance with a performance target associated with each application by journaling write requests to by delay performing replication. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor configured to predict the change in the network state is further configured to:
determine a predicted future state of the network indicating bandwidth availability for the network. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor configured to predict the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state is further configured to predict a probability that at least one of the application demand and network state will change. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor configured to predict the probability is further configured to:
apply a statistical model to at least one of the application demand and network state.d 15. The system of claim 14 further configured to:
update the statistical model with the predicted change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first storage system indicates a primary storage system and the second storage system indicates a remote storage system, wherein data of the primary storage system is remotely replicated to the remote storage system. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of applications include a subset of applications that are critical to a user of the first and second storage systems and a subset of applications that are less critical to the user of the first and second storage systems. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor configured to dynamically manage replication of the set of applications in accordance with the performance target is further configured to:
adjust execution of at least one application of the set of application executing on the first storage system, based on the prediction of the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor configured to adjust the execution of the at least one application of the set of applications is further configured to:
dynamically change a latency of the at least one application. 20. A computer program product for managing remote replication in storage systems, the computer program product comprising: | A method is used in managing remote replication in storage systems. The method monitors network traffic characteristics of a network. The network enables communication between a first storage system and a second storage system. The method predicts a change in at least one of an application demand of an application of a set of applications executing on the first storage server and a network state of the network, where the set of applications have been identified for performing a replication to the second storage system. Based on the prediction, the method dynamically manages replication of the set of applications in accordance with a performance target associated with each application.1. A method of managing remote replication in storage systems, the method comprising:
monitoring network traffic characteristics of a network, wherein the network enables communication between a first storage system and a second storage system; predicting a change in at least one of an application demand of an application of a set of applications executing on the first storage server and a network state of the network, wherein the set of applications have been identified for performing a replication to the second storage system; and based on the prediction, dynamically managing replication of the set of applications in accordance with a performance target associated with each application by journaling write requests to by delay performing replication. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting the change in the network state comprises determining a predicted future state of the network indicating bandwidth availability for the network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the prediction of the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state comprises predicting a probability that at least one of the application demand and network state will change. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein predicting the probability comprises:
applying a statistical model to at least one of the application demand and network state. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
updating the statistical model with the predicted change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first storage system indicates a primary storage system and the second storage system indicates a remote storage system, wherein data of the primary storage system is remotely replicated to the remote storage system. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network traffic characteristics of the network includes bandwidth of the network available to the set of applications. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of applications include a subset of applications that are critical to a user of the first and second storage systems and a subset of applications that are less critical to the user of the first and second storage systems. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically managing replication of the set of applications in accordance with the performance target comprises:
adjusting execution of at least one application of the set of application executing on the first storage system, based on the prediction of the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the execution of the at least one application of the set of applications comprises:
dynamically changing a latency of the at least one application. 11. A system for use in managing remote replication in storage systems, the system comprising a processor configured to:
monitor network traffic characteristics of a network, wherein the network enables communication between a first storage system and a second storage system; predict a change in at least one of an application demand of an application of a set of applications executing on the first storage server and a network state of the network, wherein the set of applications have been identified for performing a replication to the second storage system; and based on the prediction, dynamically manage replication of the set of applications in accordance with a performance target associated with each application by journaling write requests to by delay performing replication. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor configured to predict the change in the network state is further configured to:
determine a predicted future state of the network indicating bandwidth availability for the network. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor configured to predict the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state is further configured to predict a probability that at least one of the application demand and network state will change. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor configured to predict the probability is further configured to:
apply a statistical model to at least one of the application demand and network state.d 15. The system of claim 14 further configured to:
update the statistical model with the predicted change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first storage system indicates a primary storage system and the second storage system indicates a remote storage system, wherein data of the primary storage system is remotely replicated to the remote storage system. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of applications include a subset of applications that are critical to a user of the first and second storage systems and a subset of applications that are less critical to the user of the first and second storage systems. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor configured to dynamically manage replication of the set of applications in accordance with the performance target is further configured to:
adjust execution of at least one application of the set of application executing on the first storage system, based on the prediction of the change in at least one of the application demand and the network state. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor configured to adjust the execution of the at least one application of the set of applications is further configured to:
dynamically change a latency of the at least one application. 20. A computer program product for managing remote replication in storage systems, the computer program product comprising: | 3,600 |
343,451 | 16,802,861 | 3,617 | A system and method for powering up a portable information handling system based on a position of a kickstand and a position of a keyboard relative to a chassis. When a kickstand is opened, a power control system determines if a keyboard is attached and opened. If the keyboard is not attached and the kickstand is opened, the power control system initiates powering up the portable information handling system. If the keyboard is attached and closed, the portable information handling system is not powered up. If the keyboard is attached and opened, the power control system initiates powering up the portable information handling system. If the kickstand is opened and the keyboard is opened, the power control system initiates powering up the portable information handling system. | 1. A power control system for changing a system power state of a portable information handling system in a portable device comprising a chassis with a kickstand and a keyboard, the power control system comprising:
a kickstand sensor for communicating a kickstand signal indicating whether the kickstand is opened or the kickstand is closed; and an embedded controller configured to:
receive the kickstand signal;
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to an active system power state;
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is closed, maintain the system power state of the portable information handling system. 2. The power control system of claim 1, further comprising a keyboard sensor for communicating a keyboard signal indicating whether the keyboard is opened or the keyboard is closed;
wherein the embedded controller is configured to: receive the keyboard signal and the kickstand sensor; and
if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is closed, maintain the system power state of the portable information handling system;
if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state. 3. The power control system of claim 1, further comprising a keyboard sensor for communicating a keyboard signal indicating whether the keyboard is opened or the keyboard is closed;
wherein the embedded controller is configured to: receive the keyboard signal and the kickstand sensor; and
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is closed and the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened when the portable information handling system is in a modern standby system power state, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state;
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is closed and the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened when the portable information handling system is in one of a hibernation or shutdown system power state, maintain the system power state of the portable information handling system;
if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state. 4. The power control system of claim 1, wherein the keyboard sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor. 5. The power control system of claim 1, wherein the kickstand sensor comprises a switch. 6. The power control system of claim 5, wherein the kickstand sensor is integrated in a kickstand hinge. 7. A portable device containing a portable information handling system, the portable device comprising:
a chassis comprising:
a kickstand hingedly coupled to the chassis;
a kickstand sensor associated with the kickstand for sending a kickstand signal;
a keyboard adapted for hingedly coupling to the chassis and detachment from the chassis;
a keyboard sensor associated with the keyboard for sending a keyboard signal;
an embedded controller communicatively coupled to the kickstand sensor and the keyboard sensor; and
a memory storing a set of instructions executable by the embedded controller for:
receiving the kickstand signal;
receiving the keyboard signal; and
sending a signal to power up the portable information handling system based on one of:
the keyboard is detached and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened; and
the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened. 8. The portable device of claim 7, further comprising an electronic circuit communicatively coupled to the kickstand sensor and the embedded controller, wherein:
the electronic circuit is configured to:
receive the kickstand signal from the kickstand sensor; and
transmit a pulse to the embedded controller in response to the kickstand signal; and
the embedded controller is configured to:
receive the pulse from the electronic circuit;
send a signal to a battery electronic circuit to wake a battery;
communicate with the keyboard sensor to receive a keyboard signal; and
send a signal to a platform controller hub to power up the portable information handling system if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened. 9. The portable device of claim 8, wherein the electronic circuit comprises a one-shot integrated circuit (IC). 10. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the embedded controller is configured to:
power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state in response to receiving the keyboard signal indicating the keyboard is opened after receiving the kickstand signal indicating the kickstand is opened. 11. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the embedded controller is configured to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state if the embedded controller receives a signal from the kickstand sensor that the kickstand is opened and determines the keyboard is detached. 12. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the kickstand sensor comprises a switch. 13. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the keyboard sensor comprises:
a Hall effect sensor in the chassis; and a magnet in the keyboard, wherein the Hall effect sensor is configured for sending a signal to the embedded controller based on one or more of a magnetic field strength and a rate of change of the magnetic field strength associated with the magnet. 14. A method implemented by an embedded controller (EC) for powering up a portable information handling system contained in a portable device having a detachable keyboard and a kickstand hingedly coupled to a chassis, the method comprising:
a kickstand sensor detecting the kickstand has been opened; the kickstand sensor sending a signal to a first electronic circuit to enable the first electronic circuit; the first electronic circuit sending a signal to the EC; and the EC communicating with a keyboard sensor for determining if the keyboard is attached, wherein:
if the detachable keyboard is detached from the chassis, the method comprises the EC sending a signal to power up the portable information handling system to an active system power state;
if the detachable keyboard is attached to the chassis, the method comprises:
EC communicating with the keyboard sensor to determine if the detachable keyboard is closed or opened, wherein:
the detachable keyboard is closed, the method comprises maintaining the portable information handling system in an inactive system power state;
the detachable keyboard is opened, the method comprises the EC communicating a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the kickstand sensor comprises a switch integrated in a hinge, wherein opening the kickstand sends the kickstand signal to the embedded controller. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the keyboard sensor comprises:
a Hall effect sensor in the chassis; and
a magnet in the keyboard; and
the method comprises the Hall effect sensor sending a signal to the embedded controller based on one or more of a magnetic field strength and a rate of change of the magnetic field strength associated with the magnet. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first electronic circuit is configured to:
receive the kickstand signal from the kickstand sensor; and
transmit a pulse to the embedded controller in response to the kickstand signal; and
the embedded controller is configured to:
receive the pulse;
send a signal to a battery electronic circuit to wake a battery;
communicate with the keyboard sensor to receive a keyboard signal; and
send a signal to a platform controller hub to power up the portable information handling system if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein one or more of the first electronic circuit and the battery electronic circuit comprises a one-shot integrated circuit (IC). | A system and method for powering up a portable information handling system based on a position of a kickstand and a position of a keyboard relative to a chassis. When a kickstand is opened, a power control system determines if a keyboard is attached and opened. If the keyboard is not attached and the kickstand is opened, the power control system initiates powering up the portable information handling system. If the keyboard is attached and closed, the portable information handling system is not powered up. If the keyboard is attached and opened, the power control system initiates powering up the portable information handling system. If the kickstand is opened and the keyboard is opened, the power control system initiates powering up the portable information handling system.1. A power control system for changing a system power state of a portable information handling system in a portable device comprising a chassis with a kickstand and a keyboard, the power control system comprising:
a kickstand sensor for communicating a kickstand signal indicating whether the kickstand is opened or the kickstand is closed; and an embedded controller configured to:
receive the kickstand signal;
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to an active system power state;
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is closed, maintain the system power state of the portable information handling system. 2. The power control system of claim 1, further comprising a keyboard sensor for communicating a keyboard signal indicating whether the keyboard is opened or the keyboard is closed;
wherein the embedded controller is configured to: receive the keyboard signal and the kickstand sensor; and
if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is closed, maintain the system power state of the portable information handling system;
if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state. 3. The power control system of claim 1, further comprising a keyboard sensor for communicating a keyboard signal indicating whether the keyboard is opened or the keyboard is closed;
wherein the embedded controller is configured to: receive the keyboard signal and the kickstand sensor; and
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is closed and the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened when the portable information handling system is in a modern standby system power state, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state;
if the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is closed and the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened when the portable information handling system is in one of a hibernation or shutdown system power state, maintain the system power state of the portable information handling system;
if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened, communicate a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state. 4. The power control system of claim 1, wherein the keyboard sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor. 5. The power control system of claim 1, wherein the kickstand sensor comprises a switch. 6. The power control system of claim 5, wherein the kickstand sensor is integrated in a kickstand hinge. 7. A portable device containing a portable information handling system, the portable device comprising:
a chassis comprising:
a kickstand hingedly coupled to the chassis;
a kickstand sensor associated with the kickstand for sending a kickstand signal;
a keyboard adapted for hingedly coupling to the chassis and detachment from the chassis;
a keyboard sensor associated with the keyboard for sending a keyboard signal;
an embedded controller communicatively coupled to the kickstand sensor and the keyboard sensor; and
a memory storing a set of instructions executable by the embedded controller for:
receiving the kickstand signal;
receiving the keyboard signal; and
sending a signal to power up the portable information handling system based on one of:
the keyboard is detached and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened; and
the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened and the kickstand signal indicates the kickstand is opened. 8. The portable device of claim 7, further comprising an electronic circuit communicatively coupled to the kickstand sensor and the embedded controller, wherein:
the electronic circuit is configured to:
receive the kickstand signal from the kickstand sensor; and
transmit a pulse to the embedded controller in response to the kickstand signal; and
the embedded controller is configured to:
receive the pulse from the electronic circuit;
send a signal to a battery electronic circuit to wake a battery;
communicate with the keyboard sensor to receive a keyboard signal; and
send a signal to a platform controller hub to power up the portable information handling system if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened. 9. The portable device of claim 8, wherein the electronic circuit comprises a one-shot integrated circuit (IC). 10. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the embedded controller is configured to:
power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state in response to receiving the keyboard signal indicating the keyboard is opened after receiving the kickstand signal indicating the kickstand is opened. 11. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the embedded controller is configured to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state if the embedded controller receives a signal from the kickstand sensor that the kickstand is opened and determines the keyboard is detached. 12. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the kickstand sensor comprises a switch. 13. The portable device of claim 7, wherein the keyboard sensor comprises:
a Hall effect sensor in the chassis; and a magnet in the keyboard, wherein the Hall effect sensor is configured for sending a signal to the embedded controller based on one or more of a magnetic field strength and a rate of change of the magnetic field strength associated with the magnet. 14. A method implemented by an embedded controller (EC) for powering up a portable information handling system contained in a portable device having a detachable keyboard and a kickstand hingedly coupled to a chassis, the method comprising:
a kickstand sensor detecting the kickstand has been opened; the kickstand sensor sending a signal to a first electronic circuit to enable the first electronic circuit; the first electronic circuit sending a signal to the EC; and the EC communicating with a keyboard sensor for determining if the keyboard is attached, wherein:
if the detachable keyboard is detached from the chassis, the method comprises the EC sending a signal to power up the portable information handling system to an active system power state;
if the detachable keyboard is attached to the chassis, the method comprises:
EC communicating with the keyboard sensor to determine if the detachable keyboard is closed or opened, wherein:
the detachable keyboard is closed, the method comprises maintaining the portable information handling system in an inactive system power state;
the detachable keyboard is opened, the method comprises the EC communicating a signal to power up the portable information handling system to the active system power state. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the kickstand sensor comprises a switch integrated in a hinge, wherein opening the kickstand sends the kickstand signal to the embedded controller. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the keyboard sensor comprises:
a Hall effect sensor in the chassis; and
a magnet in the keyboard; and
the method comprises the Hall effect sensor sending a signal to the embedded controller based on one or more of a magnetic field strength and a rate of change of the magnetic field strength associated with the magnet. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the first electronic circuit is configured to:
receive the kickstand signal from the kickstand sensor; and
transmit a pulse to the embedded controller in response to the kickstand signal; and
the embedded controller is configured to:
receive the pulse;
send a signal to a battery electronic circuit to wake a battery;
communicate with the keyboard sensor to receive a keyboard signal; and
send a signal to a platform controller hub to power up the portable information handling system if the keyboard signal indicates the keyboard is opened. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein one or more of the first electronic circuit and the battery electronic circuit comprises a one-shot integrated circuit (IC). | 3,600 |
343,452 | 16,802,894 | 3,617 | A gateway and a data communication system are provided in embodiments of the disclosure. The gateway in the embodiments of the disclosure comprises a processing component, and a plurality of server communication components connected to the processing component, wherein the plurality of server communication components each support different network protocols. The plurality of server communication components are each configured to establish a network connection with a server based on a respective corresponding network protocol. The processing component is configured to select at least two server communication components from the plurality of server communication components; and perform IoT data communication with the server through the at least two server communication components. The embodiments of the disclosure can improve the communication quality of the IoT data communication. | 1. A device comprising:
a plurality of server communication components supporting different respective network protocols, each server communication component configured to establish network connection with a corresponding server using the respective network protocol; and a processing component communicatively coupled to each of the server communications components and configured to:
identify at least two selected server communication components from the plurality of server communication components,
establish at least two network connections using the selected server communication components,
receive Internet-of-Things (IoT) data from a plurality of IoT terminals,
cache the IoT data in a shared protocol stack queue, and
transmit a portion of the IoT data stored in the shared protocol stack queue to a server through the at least two server communication components. 2. The device of claim 1, the gateway further comprising a plurality of terminal communication components configured to establish network connections with the plurality of IoT terminals based on a respective corresponding network protocol; and the receiving IoT data from the plurality of IoT terminals comprising performing IoT data communication with the IoT terminals through the terminal communication components. 3. The device of claim 2, the processing component further configured to receive first IoT data through a first terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal, and control the server communication components to send the first IoT data to the corresponding server. 4. The device of claim 3, the processing component further configured to receive, through the server communication components, second IoT data sent by the server, and control the first terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal to send the second IoT data to the first IoT terminal. 5. The device of claim 2, the server communication components including at least one Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) communication component, and a terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal comprises a ultra-long-range low-power data transmission network (LoRa) communication component, wherein the processing component is configured to perform protocol conversion on a communication protocol of the IoT data transmitted between the terminal communication component and the server communication components are configured to perform protocol conversion on a communication protocol of IoT data transmitted between the NB-IoT communication component and the LoRa communication component. 6. The device of claim 2, further comprising a near-field communication (NFC) component connected to the processing component and configured to store networking information of a terminal communication component and, after an interconnection request for the terminal communication component sent by any IoT terminal within a preset distance is received, send networking information of the terminal communication component to the an IoT terminal. 7. The device of claim 2, the terminal communication component comprising a communication component selected from the group consisting of a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication component, a Bluetooth communication component, a LoRa communication component, and a local area network (LAN) communication component. 8. The device of claim 2, further comprising a display component connected to the processing component, wherein the processing component is further configured to acquire working state information of each IoT terminal through the terminal communication components, and control the display component to display the working state information. 9. The device of claim 1, the plurality of server communication components further configured to establish network connections with a plurality of IoT terminals based on corresponding network protocols, wherein the processing component is further configured to perform IoT data communication with at least one IoT terminal through the server communication components. 10. The device of claim 1, the plurality of server communication components including a self-organizing network communication component configured to establish a network connection with a self-organizing network base station based on a self-organizing network protocol, wherein the processing component is further configured to select the self-organizing network communication component, and perform IoT data communication with the self-organizing network base station through the self-organizing network communication component. 11. The device of claim 1, the plurality of server communication components including a communication component selected from the group consisting of a wide area network (WAN) communication component, a LoRa communication component, a mobile communication and short message server (SMS) communication component, and an NB-IoT communication component. 12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a real-time clock (RTC) component connected to the processing component configured to provide time information for the processing component. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a positioning component configured to receive a positioning instruction sent by the processing component, collect current location information based on the positioning instruction, and send the current location information to the processing component, wherein the processing component is configured to control the positioning component to collect current location information, and send the current location information to the server through the at least two server communication components. 14. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one sensing component configured to collect environmental information in the surrounding environment. 15. The device of claim 1, further comprising a battery component configured to supply power to the processing component. 16. The device of claim 17, further comprising a battery management component connected to the processing component and the battery component configured to acquire electric quantity information of the battery component, and perform charge and discharge management of the battery component based on the electric quantity information. 17. A method comprising:
establishing, via a plurality of server communication components, a plurality of network connections with a corresponding server, each of the network connections established using a different respective network protocol; identifying, by a processing component communicatively coupled to each of the server communications components, at least two selected server communication components from the plurality of server communication components, establishing, by the processing component, at least two network connections using the selected server communication components, receiving, by the processing component, Internet-of-Things (IoT) data from a plurality of IoT terminals, caching, by the processing component, the IoT data in a shared protocol stack queue, and transmitting, by the processing component, a portion of the IoT data stored in the shared protocol stack queue to a server through the at least two server communication components. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising establishing, via a plurality of terminal communication components, network connections with the plurality of IoT terminals based on a respective corresponding network protocol; and the receiving IoT data from the plurality of IoT terminals comprising performing IoT data communication with the IoT terminals through the terminal communication components. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving first IoT data through a first terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal, and controlling the server communication components to send the first IoT data to the corresponding server. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium for tangibly storing computer program instructions capable of being executed by a computer processor, the computer program instructions defining the steps of:
establishing, via a plurality of server communication components, a plurality of network connections with a corresponding server, each of the network connections established using a different respective network protocol; identifying at least two selected server communication components from the plurality of server communication components, establishing at least two network connections using the selected server communication components, receiving data from a plurality of terminals, caching the data in a shared protocol stack queue, and transmitting a portion of the data stored in the shared protocol stack queue to a server through the at least two server communication components. | A gateway and a data communication system are provided in embodiments of the disclosure. The gateway in the embodiments of the disclosure comprises a processing component, and a plurality of server communication components connected to the processing component, wherein the plurality of server communication components each support different network protocols. The plurality of server communication components are each configured to establish a network connection with a server based on a respective corresponding network protocol. The processing component is configured to select at least two server communication components from the plurality of server communication components; and perform IoT data communication with the server through the at least two server communication components. The embodiments of the disclosure can improve the communication quality of the IoT data communication.1. A device comprising:
a plurality of server communication components supporting different respective network protocols, each server communication component configured to establish network connection with a corresponding server using the respective network protocol; and a processing component communicatively coupled to each of the server communications components and configured to:
identify at least two selected server communication components from the plurality of server communication components,
establish at least two network connections using the selected server communication components,
receive Internet-of-Things (IoT) data from a plurality of IoT terminals,
cache the IoT data in a shared protocol stack queue, and
transmit a portion of the IoT data stored in the shared protocol stack queue to a server through the at least two server communication components. 2. The device of claim 1, the gateway further comprising a plurality of terminal communication components configured to establish network connections with the plurality of IoT terminals based on a respective corresponding network protocol; and the receiving IoT data from the plurality of IoT terminals comprising performing IoT data communication with the IoT terminals through the terminal communication components. 3. The device of claim 2, the processing component further configured to receive first IoT data through a first terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal, and control the server communication components to send the first IoT data to the corresponding server. 4. The device of claim 3, the processing component further configured to receive, through the server communication components, second IoT data sent by the server, and control the first terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal to send the second IoT data to the first IoT terminal. 5. The device of claim 2, the server communication components including at least one Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) communication component, and a terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal comprises a ultra-long-range low-power data transmission network (LoRa) communication component, wherein the processing component is configured to perform protocol conversion on a communication protocol of the IoT data transmitted between the terminal communication component and the server communication components are configured to perform protocol conversion on a communication protocol of IoT data transmitted between the NB-IoT communication component and the LoRa communication component. 6. The device of claim 2, further comprising a near-field communication (NFC) component connected to the processing component and configured to store networking information of a terminal communication component and, after an interconnection request for the terminal communication component sent by any IoT terminal within a preset distance is received, send networking information of the terminal communication component to the an IoT terminal. 7. The device of claim 2, the terminal communication component comprising a communication component selected from the group consisting of a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication component, a Bluetooth communication component, a LoRa communication component, and a local area network (LAN) communication component. 8. The device of claim 2, further comprising a display component connected to the processing component, wherein the processing component is further configured to acquire working state information of each IoT terminal through the terminal communication components, and control the display component to display the working state information. 9. The device of claim 1, the plurality of server communication components further configured to establish network connections with a plurality of IoT terminals based on corresponding network protocols, wherein the processing component is further configured to perform IoT data communication with at least one IoT terminal through the server communication components. 10. The device of claim 1, the plurality of server communication components including a self-organizing network communication component configured to establish a network connection with a self-organizing network base station based on a self-organizing network protocol, wherein the processing component is further configured to select the self-organizing network communication component, and perform IoT data communication with the self-organizing network base station through the self-organizing network communication component. 11. The device of claim 1, the plurality of server communication components including a communication component selected from the group consisting of a wide area network (WAN) communication component, a LoRa communication component, a mobile communication and short message server (SMS) communication component, and an NB-IoT communication component. 12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a real-time clock (RTC) component connected to the processing component configured to provide time information for the processing component. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a positioning component configured to receive a positioning instruction sent by the processing component, collect current location information based on the positioning instruction, and send the current location information to the processing component, wherein the processing component is configured to control the positioning component to collect current location information, and send the current location information to the server through the at least two server communication components. 14. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one sensing component configured to collect environmental information in the surrounding environment. 15. The device of claim 1, further comprising a battery component configured to supply power to the processing component. 16. The device of claim 17, further comprising a battery management component connected to the processing component and the battery component configured to acquire electric quantity information of the battery component, and perform charge and discharge management of the battery component based on the electric quantity information. 17. A method comprising:
establishing, via a plurality of server communication components, a plurality of network connections with a corresponding server, each of the network connections established using a different respective network protocol; identifying, by a processing component communicatively coupled to each of the server communications components, at least two selected server communication components from the plurality of server communication components, establishing, by the processing component, at least two network connections using the selected server communication components, receiving, by the processing component, Internet-of-Things (IoT) data from a plurality of IoT terminals, caching, by the processing component, the IoT data in a shared protocol stack queue, and transmitting, by the processing component, a portion of the IoT data stored in the shared protocol stack queue to a server through the at least two server communication components. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising establishing, via a plurality of terminal communication components, network connections with the plurality of IoT terminals based on a respective corresponding network protocol; and the receiving IoT data from the plurality of IoT terminals comprising performing IoT data communication with the IoT terminals through the terminal communication components. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving first IoT data through a first terminal communication component connected to the first IoT terminal, and controlling the server communication components to send the first IoT data to the corresponding server. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium for tangibly storing computer program instructions capable of being executed by a computer processor, the computer program instructions defining the steps of:
establishing, via a plurality of server communication components, a plurality of network connections with a corresponding server, each of the network connections established using a different respective network protocol; identifying at least two selected server communication components from the plurality of server communication components, establishing at least two network connections using the selected server communication components, receiving data from a plurality of terminals, caching the data in a shared protocol stack queue, and transmitting a portion of the data stored in the shared protocol stack queue to a server through the at least two server communication components. | 3,600 |
343,453 | 16,802,889 | 3,617 | A damping assembly includes a damping pad including a connection base and a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base. The damping body includes a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner. Each of the mounting holes includes a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes are arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. | 1. A damping assembly comprising:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 2. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 3. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 4. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 5. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein in a direction away from the damping body, a width of the connection base decreases gradually. 6. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad is configured as an integrally molded part. 7. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad includes a silicone part, a rubber part, or a plastic part. 8. The damping assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 9. The damping assembly according to claim 8, further comprising:
a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 10. The damping assembly according to claim 9, wherein the snapping assembly includes:
a snap at one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad; and a groove at another one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad. 11. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. 12. The damping assembly according to claim 11, wherein at least one inner wall surface of the accommodation groove abuts against and is fitted with the damping pad. 13. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes a plastic part, a sheet metal part, a rubber part, or a silicone part. 14. An air conditioner comprising:
a plurality of refrigerant pipes; and a damping assembly including:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold the refrigerant pipes, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 15. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 16. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 17. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 18. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping assembly further includes a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 19. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the damping assembly further includes a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 20. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. | A damping assembly includes a damping pad including a connection base and a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base. The damping body includes a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner. Each of the mounting holes includes a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes are arranged along an extension direction of the damping body.1. A damping assembly comprising:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 2. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 3. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 4. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 5. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein in a direction away from the damping body, a width of the connection base decreases gradually. 6. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad is configured as an integrally molded part. 7. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad includes a silicone part, a rubber part, or a plastic part. 8. The damping assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 9. The damping assembly according to claim 8, further comprising:
a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 10. The damping assembly according to claim 9, wherein the snapping assembly includes:
a snap at one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad; and a groove at another one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad. 11. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. 12. The damping assembly according to claim 11, wherein at least one inner wall surface of the accommodation groove abuts against and is fitted with the damping pad. 13. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes a plastic part, a sheet metal part, a rubber part, or a silicone part. 14. An air conditioner comprising:
a plurality of refrigerant pipes; and a damping assembly including:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold the refrigerant pipes, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 15. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 16. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 17. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 18. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping assembly further includes a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 19. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the damping assembly further includes a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 20. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. | 3,600 |
343,454 | 16,802,888 | 3,617 | A damping assembly includes a damping pad including a connection base and a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base. The damping body includes a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner. Each of the mounting holes includes a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes are arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. | 1. A damping assembly comprising:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 2. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 3. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 4. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 5. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein in a direction away from the damping body, a width of the connection base decreases gradually. 6. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad is configured as an integrally molded part. 7. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad includes a silicone part, a rubber part, or a plastic part. 8. The damping assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 9. The damping assembly according to claim 8, further comprising:
a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 10. The damping assembly according to claim 9, wherein the snapping assembly includes:
a snap at one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad; and a groove at another one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad. 11. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. 12. The damping assembly according to claim 11, wherein at least one inner wall surface of the accommodation groove abuts against and is fitted with the damping pad. 13. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes a plastic part, a sheet metal part, a rubber part, or a silicone part. 14. An air conditioner comprising:
a plurality of refrigerant pipes; and a damping assembly including:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold the refrigerant pipes, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 15. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 16. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 17. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 18. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping assembly further includes a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 19. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the damping assembly further includes a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 20. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. | A damping assembly includes a damping pad including a connection base and a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base. The damping body includes a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner. Each of the mounting holes includes a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes are arranged along an extension direction of the damping body.1. A damping assembly comprising:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold refrigerant pipes of an air conditioner, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 2. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 3. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 4. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 5. The damping assembly according to claim 2, wherein in a direction away from the damping body, a width of the connection base decreases gradually. 6. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad is configured as an integrally molded part. 7. The damping assembly according to claim 1, wherein the damping pad includes a silicone part, a rubber part, or a plastic part. 8. The damping assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 9. The damping assembly according to claim 8, further comprising:
a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 10. The damping assembly according to claim 9, wherein the snapping assembly includes:
a snap at one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad; and a groove at another one of the fixation bracket and the damping pad. 11. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. 12. The damping assembly according to claim 11, wherein at least one inner wall surface of the accommodation groove abuts against and is fitted with the damping pad. 13. The damping assembly according to claim 8, wherein the fixation bracket includes a plastic part, a sheet metal part, a rubber part, or a silicone part. 14. An air conditioner comprising:
a plurality of refrigerant pipes; and a damping assembly including:
a damping pad including:
a connection base; and
a damping body connected to the connection base and extending in a direction away from the connection base, the damping body including a plurality of mounting holes configured to hold the refrigerant pipes, each of the mounting holes including a mounting opening configured to allow one of the refrigerant pipes to be snapped through, and at least two of the plurality of mounting holes being arranged along an extension direction of the damping body. 15. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping body includes a first damping member and a second damping member, each of the first damping member and the second damping member including at least one of the mounting holes, one end of the first damping member and one end of the second damping member being connected to the connection base, and another end of the first damping member and another end of the second damping member being movable in directions apart from and towards each other. 16. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the mounting opening of each of the mounting holes is formed at a side of one of the first damping member and the second damping member that is adjacent to another one of the first damping member and the second damping member. 17. The air conditioner according to claim 15, wherein the first damping member and the second damping member are spaced apart from each other. 18. The air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the damping assembly further includes a fixation bracket configured to be connected to the damping pad and to a housing of the air conditioner. 19. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the damping assembly further includes a snapping assembly configured to connect the fixation bracket with the damping pad. 20. The air conditioner according to claim 18, wherein the fixation bracket includes an accommodation groove with an opening facing the connection base, and the damping pad is accommodated in the accommodation groove. | 3,600 |
343,455 | 16,802,864 | 3,617 | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for converting unstructured documents to structured key-value pairs. In one aspect, a method comprises: providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein: the detection model is configured to process the image to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image: identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique; and determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair. | 1. A method performed by one or more data processing apparatus, the method comprising:
providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein:
the detection model is configured to process the image in accordance with values of a plurality of detection model parameters to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and
each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and
for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image:
identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique;
determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair; and
in response to determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair, providing the key-value pair for use in characterizing the document. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection model is a neural network model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the neural network model comprises a convolutional neural network. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the neural network model is trained on a set of training examples, each training example comprises a training input and a target output, the training input comprises a training image of a training document, and the target output comprises data defining one or more bounding boxes in the training image that each enclose a respective key-value pair. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the document is an invoice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein providing an image of a document to a detection model comprises: identifying a particular class of the document; and providing the image of the document to a detection model that is trained to process documents of the particular class. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair comprises:
determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box includes a key from a predetermined set of valid keys; identifying a type of a portion of textual data enclosed by the bounding box that does not include the key; identifying a set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key; and determining that the type of the portion of the textual data enclosed by the bounding box that does not include the key is included in the set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein identifying a set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key comprises:
mapping the key to the set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key using a predetermined mapping. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the set of valid keys and the mapping from keys to corresponding sets of valid types for values corresponding to the keys are provided by a user. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the bounding boxes have a rectangular shape. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the document from a user; and converting the document to the image, wherein the image depicts the document. 12. A system comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more storage devices communicatively coupled to the one or more computers, wherein the one or more storage devices store instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein:
the detection model is configured to process the image in accordance with values of a plurality of detection model parameters to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and
each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and
for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image:
identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique;
determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair; and
in response to determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair, providing the key-value pair for use in characterizing the document. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the detection model is a neural network model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the neural network model comprises a convolutional neural network. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the neural network model is trained on a set of training examples, each training example comprises a training input and a target output, the training input comprises a training image of a training document, and the target output comprises data defining one or more bounding boxes in the training image that each enclose a respective key-value pair. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the document is an invoice. 17. One or more non-transitory computer storage media storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising:
providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein:
the detection model is configured to process the image in accordance with values of a plurality of detection model parameters to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and
each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and
for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image:
identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique;
determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair; and
in response to determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair, providing the key-value pair for use in characterizing the document. 18. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 17, wherein the detection model is a neural network model. 19. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 18, wherein the neural network model comprises a convolutional neural network. 20. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 18, wherein the neural network model is trained on a set of training examples, each training example comprises a training input and a target output, the training input comprises a training image of a training document, and the target output comprises data defining one or more bounding boxes in the training image that each enclose a respective key-value pair. | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for converting unstructured documents to structured key-value pairs. In one aspect, a method comprises: providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein: the detection model is configured to process the image to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image: identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique; and determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair.1. A method performed by one or more data processing apparatus, the method comprising:
providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein:
the detection model is configured to process the image in accordance with values of a plurality of detection model parameters to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and
each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and
for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image:
identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique;
determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair; and
in response to determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair, providing the key-value pair for use in characterizing the document. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection model is a neural network model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the neural network model comprises a convolutional neural network. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the neural network model is trained on a set of training examples, each training example comprises a training input and a target output, the training input comprises a training image of a training document, and the target output comprises data defining one or more bounding boxes in the training image that each enclose a respective key-value pair. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the document is an invoice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein providing an image of a document to a detection model comprises: identifying a particular class of the document; and providing the image of the document to a detection model that is trained to process documents of the particular class. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair comprises:
determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box includes a key from a predetermined set of valid keys; identifying a type of a portion of textual data enclosed by the bounding box that does not include the key; identifying a set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key; and determining that the type of the portion of the textual data enclosed by the bounding box that does not include the key is included in the set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein identifying a set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key comprises:
mapping the key to the set of one or more valid types for values corresponding to the key using a predetermined mapping. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the set of valid keys and the mapping from keys to corresponding sets of valid types for values corresponding to the keys are provided by a user. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the bounding boxes have a rectangular shape. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the document from a user; and converting the document to the image, wherein the image depicts the document. 12. A system comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more storage devices communicatively coupled to the one or more computers, wherein the one or more storage devices store instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein:
the detection model is configured to process the image in accordance with values of a plurality of detection model parameters to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and
each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and
for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image:
identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique;
determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair; and
in response to determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair, providing the key-value pair for use in characterizing the document. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the detection model is a neural network model. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the neural network model comprises a convolutional neural network. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the neural network model is trained on a set of training examples, each training example comprises a training input and a target output, the training input comprises a training image of a training document, and the target output comprises data defining one or more bounding boxes in the training image that each enclose a respective key-value pair. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the document is an invoice. 17. One or more non-transitory computer storage media storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising:
providing an image of a document to a detection model, wherein:
the detection model is configured to process the image in accordance with values of a plurality of detection model parameters to generate an output that defines one or more bounding boxes generated for the image; and
each bounding box generated for the image is predicted to enclose a key-value pair comprising key textual data and value textual data, wherein the key textual data defines a label that characterizes the value textual data; and
for each of the one or more bounding boxes generated for the image:
identifying textual data enclosed by the bounding box using an optical character recognition technique;
determining whether the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair; and
in response to determining that the textual data enclosed by the bounding box defines a key-value pair, providing the key-value pair for use in characterizing the document. 18. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 17, wherein the detection model is a neural network model. 19. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 18, wherein the neural network model comprises a convolutional neural network. 20. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 18, wherein the neural network model is trained on a set of training examples, each training example comprises a training input and a target output, the training input comprises a training image of a training document, and the target output comprises data defining one or more bounding boxes in the training image that each enclose a respective key-value pair. | 3,600 |
343,456 | 16,802,848 | 3,617 | A control device as an advertisement display device that is mountable on a vehicle includes a calculation unit configured to calculate a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle, and a display controller configured to display an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display. | 1. An advertisement display device that is mountable on a vehicle, the device comprising:
a calculation unit configured to calculate a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle; and a display controller configured to display an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display. 2. The advertisement display device according to claim 1, wherein:
the display is attached to at least a rear surface of the host vehicle; the calculation unit calculates the visually recognizable time based on a time for which the host vehicle stops at a traffic signal that causes a stop state when the driving state of the host vehicle shifts to the stop state; and the display controller displays the advertisement on the display attached to the rear surface of the host vehicle when the driving state of the host vehicle is the stop state. 3. The advertisement display device according to claim 2, wherein the calculation unit calculates the time for which the host vehicle stops at the traffic signal based on information acquired by road-to-vehicle communication with a roadside device corresponding to the traffic signal when the driving state of the host vehicle shifts to the stop state. 4. The advertisement display device according to claim 2, wherein the calculation unit calculates the time for which the host vehicle stops at the traffic signal based on information acquired from a server that manages an operation history of the traffic signal when the driving state of the host vehicle shifts to the stop state. 5. The advertisement display device according to claim 2, wherein the display controller stops displaying the advertisement on the display when there is no other vehicle in a range where the advertisement to be displayed on the display attached to the rear surface of the host vehicle is visually recognizable. 6. The advertisement display device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a detector configured to detect another vehicle that is likely to travel in parallel with the host vehicle, wherein the display is attached to at least a side surface of the host vehicle, wherein the calculation unit calculates the visually recognizable time based on a relative speed of the host vehicle with another vehicle detected by the detector when the driving state of the host vehicle is a traveling state, and wherein the display controller displays the advertisement on the display attached to the side surface of the host vehicle when the driving state of the host vehicle is the traveling state. 7. The advertisement display device according to claim 6, wherein the detector detects another vehicle that is likely to travel in parallel with the host vehicle and has a plurality of occupants based on information acquired by vehicle-to-vehicle communication with another vehicle. 8. The advertisement display device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an imaging unit configured to capture a periphery of the host vehicle, wherein the detector recognizes an image captured by the imaging unit to detect another vehicle that is likely to travel in parallel with the host vehicle and has a plurality of occupants. 9. The advertisement display device according to claim 6, wherein the calculation unit calculates a relative speed of the host vehicle with another vehicle based on information acquired by vehicle-to-vehicle communication with another vehicle when the driving state of the host vehicle is the traveling state. 10. The advertisement display device according to claim 1, wherein the display controller displays a still image advertisement on the display when the visually recognizable time is less than a reference time. 11. A vehicle comprising:
a calculation unit configured to calculate a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle; and a display controller configured to display an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display. 12. An advertisement display method executed by a processor that is mountable on a vehicle, the method comprising:
calculating a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle by a calculation unit; and displaying an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display, by a display controller. | A control device as an advertisement display device that is mountable on a vehicle includes a calculation unit configured to calculate a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle, and a display controller configured to display an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display.1. An advertisement display device that is mountable on a vehicle, the device comprising:
a calculation unit configured to calculate a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle; and a display controller configured to display an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display. 2. The advertisement display device according to claim 1, wherein:
the display is attached to at least a rear surface of the host vehicle; the calculation unit calculates the visually recognizable time based on a time for which the host vehicle stops at a traffic signal that causes a stop state when the driving state of the host vehicle shifts to the stop state; and the display controller displays the advertisement on the display attached to the rear surface of the host vehicle when the driving state of the host vehicle is the stop state. 3. The advertisement display device according to claim 2, wherein the calculation unit calculates the time for which the host vehicle stops at the traffic signal based on information acquired by road-to-vehicle communication with a roadside device corresponding to the traffic signal when the driving state of the host vehicle shifts to the stop state. 4. The advertisement display device according to claim 2, wherein the calculation unit calculates the time for which the host vehicle stops at the traffic signal based on information acquired from a server that manages an operation history of the traffic signal when the driving state of the host vehicle shifts to the stop state. 5. The advertisement display device according to claim 2, wherein the display controller stops displaying the advertisement on the display when there is no other vehicle in a range where the advertisement to be displayed on the display attached to the rear surface of the host vehicle is visually recognizable. 6. The advertisement display device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a detector configured to detect another vehicle that is likely to travel in parallel with the host vehicle, wherein the display is attached to at least a side surface of the host vehicle, wherein the calculation unit calculates the visually recognizable time based on a relative speed of the host vehicle with another vehicle detected by the detector when the driving state of the host vehicle is a traveling state, and wherein the display controller displays the advertisement on the display attached to the side surface of the host vehicle when the driving state of the host vehicle is the traveling state. 7. The advertisement display device according to claim 6, wherein the detector detects another vehicle that is likely to travel in parallel with the host vehicle and has a plurality of occupants based on information acquired by vehicle-to-vehicle communication with another vehicle. 8. The advertisement display device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an imaging unit configured to capture a periphery of the host vehicle, wherein the detector recognizes an image captured by the imaging unit to detect another vehicle that is likely to travel in parallel with the host vehicle and has a plurality of occupants. 9. The advertisement display device according to claim 6, wherein the calculation unit calculates a relative speed of the host vehicle with another vehicle based on information acquired by vehicle-to-vehicle communication with another vehicle when the driving state of the host vehicle is the traveling state. 10. The advertisement display device according to claim 1, wherein the display controller displays a still image advertisement on the display when the visually recognizable time is less than a reference time. 11. A vehicle comprising:
a calculation unit configured to calculate a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle; and a display controller configured to display an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display. 12. An advertisement display method executed by a processor that is mountable on a vehicle, the method comprising:
calculating a time for which an occupant of another vehicle is able to visually recognize a video displayed on a display attached to a host vehicle based on a driving state of the host vehicle by a calculation unit; and displaying an advertisement edited such that a video time corresponds to the visually recognizable time calculated by the calculation unit on the display, by a display controller. | 3,600 |
343,457 | 16,802,881 | 3,617 | A plate for supporting and securing a track to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts may be configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts while leaving first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are in line with a third section of the plate open. | 1. A plate for securing to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, comprising:
a first end section; a second end section; a third section extending between the first and second end sections; and a track secured to the third section, wherein the plate is configured such that when the plate is secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the third section extends horizontally between first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the first end section is secured to a third slot disposed adjacent to and above the first slot in the first vertical logistics post, and the second end section is secured to a fourth slot disposed adjacent to and below the second slot in the second vertical logistics post. 2. The plate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 3. The plate of claim 2, wherein a movable segment is disposed at the second end section and capable of generally horizontal movement with respect to the first end section and the third section. 4. The plate of claim 3, wherein the movable segment comprises at least one plate coupled to at least one shaft that is movable along a track of the second end section. 5. The plate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are either about 48 inches or about 50 inches apart. 6. The plate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections comprises at least one slot such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 7. The plate of claim 6, wherein the at least one slot is configured such that at least one adapter is movable along a length of the at least one slot such that the plate can be secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 8. The plate of claim 7, wherein the at least one slot comprises at least two grooves for receiving at least one adapter engagement device coupled to the at least one adapter such that the plate can be secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are two different distances apart. 9. The plate of claim 1, wherein the first end section is secured to the first and third slots of the first vertical logistics post, and the second end section is secured to the second and fourth slots of the second vertical logistics post. 10. The plate of claim 1, wherein the first and second end sections each comprise at least one adapter configured to be received through at least one slot of respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, such that the plate is capable of being secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 11. The plate of claim 10, wherein the first and second end sections each comprise at least one spring loaded keeper having a locking block configured to be received through the at least one slot of respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts and engage an upper edge of the at least one slot. 12. The plate of claim 11, wherein the at least one spring loaded keeper comprises a fixed lower region, a tapered central region, and a movable upper region. 13. The plate of claim 10, wherein the first and second end sections each comprise at least one locking engagement device configured to be received through the at least one slot of respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts and engage an upper edge of the at least one slot such that the at least one adapter received through the at least one slot is prevented from moving upwardly and disengaging from the at least one slot. 14. A plate for supporting and securing a track to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, wherein the plate is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts while leaving first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are in line with a third section of the plate open. 15. The plate of claim 14, wherein the plate has a generally Z-shaped configuration. 16. The plate of claim 14, wherein when the plate is secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are in line with the third section of the plate are open for receiving a beam or cargo strap attachment. 17. The plate of claim 14, wherein the plate comprises a first end section and a second end section, wherein the third section extends between the first and second end sections, and wherein the third section is configured such that a track can be secured to the third section and be disposed horizontally when the plate is secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts. 18. The plate of claim 17, wherein when the plate is secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the first end section is secured to a third slot in the first vertical logistics post, and the second end section is secured to a fourth slot in the second vertical logistics post, and wherein the third slot is disposed adjacent to and above the first slot in the first vertical logistics post, and the fourth slot is disposed adjacent to and below the second slot in the second vertical logistics post. 19. A plate for securing to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, comprising:
a first end section; a second end section; a third section extending between the first and second end sections; and a track secured to the third section, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart, and wherein a movable segment is disposed at the second end section and capable of generally horizontal movement with respect to the first end section and the third section. 20. The plate of claim 19, wherein the movable segment comprises at least one plate coupled to at least one shaft that is movable along a track of the second end section. | A plate for supporting and securing a track to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts may be configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts while leaving first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are in line with a third section of the plate open.1. A plate for securing to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, comprising:
a first end section; a second end section; a third section extending between the first and second end sections; and a track secured to the third section, wherein the plate is configured such that when the plate is secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the third section extends horizontally between first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the first end section is secured to a third slot disposed adjacent to and above the first slot in the first vertical logistics post, and the second end section is secured to a fourth slot disposed adjacent to and below the second slot in the second vertical logistics post. 2. The plate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 3. The plate of claim 2, wherein a movable segment is disposed at the second end section and capable of generally horizontal movement with respect to the first end section and the third section. 4. The plate of claim 3, wherein the movable segment comprises at least one plate coupled to at least one shaft that is movable along a track of the second end section. 5. The plate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are either about 48 inches or about 50 inches apart. 6. The plate of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections comprises at least one slot such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 7. The plate of claim 6, wherein the at least one slot is configured such that at least one adapter is movable along a length of the at least one slot such that the plate can be secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 8. The plate of claim 7, wherein the at least one slot comprises at least two grooves for receiving at least one adapter engagement device coupled to the at least one adapter such that the plate can be secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are two different distances apart. 9. The plate of claim 1, wherein the first end section is secured to the first and third slots of the first vertical logistics post, and the second end section is secured to the second and fourth slots of the second vertical logistics post. 10. The plate of claim 1, wherein the first and second end sections each comprise at least one adapter configured to be received through at least one slot of respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, such that the plate is capable of being secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart. 11. The plate of claim 10, wherein the first and second end sections each comprise at least one spring loaded keeper having a locking block configured to be received through the at least one slot of respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts and engage an upper edge of the at least one slot. 12. The plate of claim 11, wherein the at least one spring loaded keeper comprises a fixed lower region, a tapered central region, and a movable upper region. 13. The plate of claim 10, wherein the first and second end sections each comprise at least one locking engagement device configured to be received through the at least one slot of respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts and engage an upper edge of the at least one slot such that the at least one adapter received through the at least one slot is prevented from moving upwardly and disengaging from the at least one slot. 14. A plate for supporting and securing a track to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, wherein the plate is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts while leaving first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are in line with a third section of the plate open. 15. The plate of claim 14, wherein the plate has a generally Z-shaped configuration. 16. The plate of claim 14, wherein when the plate is secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the first and second slots of the respective adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are in line with the third section of the plate are open for receiving a beam or cargo strap attachment. 17. The plate of claim 14, wherein the plate comprises a first end section and a second end section, wherein the third section extends between the first and second end sections, and wherein the third section is configured such that a track can be secured to the third section and be disposed horizontally when the plate is secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts. 18. The plate of claim 17, wherein when the plate is secured to the adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, the first end section is secured to a third slot in the first vertical logistics post, and the second end section is secured to a fourth slot in the second vertical logistics post, and wherein the third slot is disposed adjacent to and above the first slot in the first vertical logistics post, and the fourth slot is disposed adjacent to and below the second slot in the second vertical logistics post. 19. A plate for securing to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts, comprising:
a first end section; a second end section; a third section extending between the first and second end sections; and a track secured to the third section, wherein at least one of the first and second end sections is configured such that the plate is capable of being secured to adjacent first and second vertical logistics posts that are spaced apart with centerlines that are different distances apart, and wherein a movable segment is disposed at the second end section and capable of generally horizontal movement with respect to the first end section and the third section. 20. The plate of claim 19, wherein the movable segment comprises at least one plate coupled to at least one shaft that is movable along a track of the second end section. | 3,600 |
343,458 | 16,802,885 | 3,617 | A system for biometric secured medical check in receives a digital representation of a biometric for a person, uses the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person, and provides the identity information to a medical service electronic device to check in the person for a medical service. In various implementations, the system may use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve a medical record identifier for the person and facilitate access to a record by the medical service electronic device for the person stored by a medical records electronic device, process payment for the medical service using payment information stored in association with the identify information, receive the digital representation of the biometric from a check in electronic device and provide an acknowledgement based on a response received from the medical service electronic device to the check in electronic device, and so on. | 1. A system for biometric secured medical check in, comprising:
at least one non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions; and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive a digital representation of a biometric of a person;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person;
provide the identity information to a medical service electronic device to check the person in for a medical service;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve a medical record identifier for the person; and
use the medical record identifier to facilitate access by the medical service electronic device to a medical record for the person stored by a medical records electronic device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor facilitates the access by providing the medical record identifier to the medical service electronic device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor facilitates the access by:
providing the medical record identifier to the medical records electronic device; and providing a response from the medical records electronic device to the medical service electronic device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes a vaccination list. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes at least part of a medical history. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes an allergy list. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes a current medication list. 8. A system for biometric secured medical check in, comprising:
at least one non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions; and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive a digital representation of a biometric of a person;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person;
provide the identity information to a medical service electronic device to check the person in for a medical service; and
process payment for the medical service using payment information stored in association with the identity information. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the payment information includes insurance information for the person. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by submitting an insurance payment request using the insurance information. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by providing the insurance information to the medical service electronic device. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor:
determines a copay associated with the medical service and the insurance information; and obtains the payment from the person for the copay. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the payment information includes a financial account number. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by charging the financial account number. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by providing the financial account number to the medical service electronic device. 16. A system for biometric secured medical check in, comprising:
at least one non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions; and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive a digital representation of a biometric of a person from a check in electronic device;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person;
check the person in for a medical service by providing the identity information to a medical service electronic device;
receive a response from the medical service electronic device; and
provide an acknowledgment based on the response to the check in electronic device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the acknowledgement prompts for authorization to access a medical record for the person. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the acknowledgement includes an instruction regarding a location to report to receive the medical service. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor determines the medical service electronic device to provide the identity information using location information provided via the check in electronic device. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor determines the medical service electronic device to provide the identity information using a location of the check in electronic device. | A system for biometric secured medical check in receives a digital representation of a biometric for a person, uses the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person, and provides the identity information to a medical service electronic device to check in the person for a medical service. In various implementations, the system may use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve a medical record identifier for the person and facilitate access to a record by the medical service electronic device for the person stored by a medical records electronic device, process payment for the medical service using payment information stored in association with the identify information, receive the digital representation of the biometric from a check in electronic device and provide an acknowledgement based on a response received from the medical service electronic device to the check in electronic device, and so on.1. A system for biometric secured medical check in, comprising:
at least one non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions; and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive a digital representation of a biometric of a person;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person;
provide the identity information to a medical service electronic device to check the person in for a medical service;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve a medical record identifier for the person; and
use the medical record identifier to facilitate access by the medical service electronic device to a medical record for the person stored by a medical records electronic device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor facilitates the access by providing the medical record identifier to the medical service electronic device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor facilitates the access by:
providing the medical record identifier to the medical records electronic device; and providing a response from the medical records electronic device to the medical service electronic device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes a vaccination list. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes at least part of a medical history. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes an allergy list. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record includes a current medication list. 8. A system for biometric secured medical check in, comprising:
at least one non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions; and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive a digital representation of a biometric of a person;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person;
provide the identity information to a medical service electronic device to check the person in for a medical service; and
process payment for the medical service using payment information stored in association with the identity information. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the payment information includes insurance information for the person. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by submitting an insurance payment request using the insurance information. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by providing the insurance information to the medical service electronic device. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor:
determines a copay associated with the medical service and the insurance information; and obtains the payment from the person for the copay. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the payment information includes a financial account number. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by charging the financial account number. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor processes the payment by providing the financial account number to the medical service electronic device. 16. A system for biometric secured medical check in, comprising:
at least one non-transitory storage medium that stores instructions; and at least one processor that executes the instructions to:
receive a digital representation of a biometric of a person from a check in electronic device;
use the digital representation of the biometric to retrieve identity information for the person;
check the person in for a medical service by providing the identity information to a medical service electronic device;
receive a response from the medical service electronic device; and
provide an acknowledgment based on the response to the check in electronic device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the acknowledgement prompts for authorization to access a medical record for the person. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the acknowledgement includes an instruction regarding a location to report to receive the medical service. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor determines the medical service electronic device to provide the identity information using location information provided via the check in electronic device. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor determines the medical service electronic device to provide the identity information using a location of the check in electronic device. | 3,600 |
343,459 | 16,802,890 | 3,617 | A turbocharger having a housing and a stator. The housing and/or the stator has an inner and an outer housing component. An inner section of the housing component lies directly against and covers a lateral section of the housing component. The lateral section and the inner section are formed such that they form a positive-locking connection, which fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against positional change along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about this longitudinal axis. The inner housing component and/or the outer housing component is at least partly produced by additive manufacturing. | 1. A turbocharger, comprising:
a housing; at least one stator; wherein at least the housing and/or the at least one stator comprise or comprises:
an inner housing component having a lateral section; and
an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section,
wherein a respective lateral section and a respective inner section are formed such that together they form a positive-locking connection that fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against a relative positional change relative to one another along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about the longitudinal axis, and
wherein the respective inner housing component and/or the respective outer housing component are at least partly produced by additive manufacturing. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the lateral section of the inner housing component and/or the inner section of the outer housing component is manufactured entirely by the additive manufacturing. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein
the lateral section comprises at least one positioning element that projects from the lateral section, and the inner section comprises at least one recess corresponding to the at least one positioning element so that together these form the positive-locking connection. 4. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is a positioning lug and the at least one recess is a groove. 5. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is at least one spline and the at least one recess is at least one spline hub. 6. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is partly or entirely formed as a wavy spline and the at least one recess is a wavy spline hub. 7. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein a plug-twist closure or a bayonet closure is integrated in the lateral section and the inner section, which establishes a positive-locking connection between the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 8. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component is segmented. 9. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein hollow spaces are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 10. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein crash elements configured to absorb kinetic energy of components in an event of a component failure are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 11. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the crash elements are a honeycomb structure. 12. A method for producing a turbocharger having an inner housing component having a lateral section; and an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section, comprising:
at least partly producing the inner housing component by additive manufacturing; and at least partly producing the outer housing component by the additive manufacturing. 13. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the lateral section and/or the inner section are entirely produced by the additive manufacturing. 14. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the additive manufacturing is a 3D printing method. | A turbocharger having a housing and a stator. The housing and/or the stator has an inner and an outer housing component. An inner section of the housing component lies directly against and covers a lateral section of the housing component. The lateral section and the inner section are formed such that they form a positive-locking connection, which fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against positional change along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about this longitudinal axis. The inner housing component and/or the outer housing component is at least partly produced by additive manufacturing.1. A turbocharger, comprising:
a housing; at least one stator; wherein at least the housing and/or the at least one stator comprise or comprises:
an inner housing component having a lateral section; and
an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section,
wherein a respective lateral section and a respective inner section are formed such that together they form a positive-locking connection that fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against a relative positional change relative to one another along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about the longitudinal axis, and
wherein the respective inner housing component and/or the respective outer housing component are at least partly produced by additive manufacturing. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the lateral section of the inner housing component and/or the inner section of the outer housing component is manufactured entirely by the additive manufacturing. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein
the lateral section comprises at least one positioning element that projects from the lateral section, and the inner section comprises at least one recess corresponding to the at least one positioning element so that together these form the positive-locking connection. 4. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is a positioning lug and the at least one recess is a groove. 5. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is at least one spline and the at least one recess is at least one spline hub. 6. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is partly or entirely formed as a wavy spline and the at least one recess is a wavy spline hub. 7. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein a plug-twist closure or a bayonet closure is integrated in the lateral section and the inner section, which establishes a positive-locking connection between the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 8. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component is segmented. 9. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein hollow spaces are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 10. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein crash elements configured to absorb kinetic energy of components in an event of a component failure are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 11. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the crash elements are a honeycomb structure. 12. A method for producing a turbocharger having an inner housing component having a lateral section; and an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section, comprising:
at least partly producing the inner housing component by additive manufacturing; and at least partly producing the outer housing component by the additive manufacturing. 13. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the lateral section and/or the inner section are entirely produced by the additive manufacturing. 14. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the additive manufacturing is a 3D printing method. | 3,600 |
343,460 | 16,802,780 | 3,617 | A turbocharger having a housing and a stator. The housing and/or the stator has an inner and an outer housing component. An inner section of the housing component lies directly against and covers a lateral section of the housing component. The lateral section and the inner section are formed such that they form a positive-locking connection, which fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against positional change along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about this longitudinal axis. The inner housing component and/or the outer housing component is at least partly produced by additive manufacturing. | 1. A turbocharger, comprising:
a housing; at least one stator; wherein at least the housing and/or the at least one stator comprise or comprises:
an inner housing component having a lateral section; and
an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section,
wherein a respective lateral section and a respective inner section are formed such that together they form a positive-locking connection that fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against a relative positional change relative to one another along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about the longitudinal axis, and
wherein the respective inner housing component and/or the respective outer housing component are at least partly produced by additive manufacturing. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the lateral section of the inner housing component and/or the inner section of the outer housing component is manufactured entirely by the additive manufacturing. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein
the lateral section comprises at least one positioning element that projects from the lateral section, and the inner section comprises at least one recess corresponding to the at least one positioning element so that together these form the positive-locking connection. 4. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is a positioning lug and the at least one recess is a groove. 5. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is at least one spline and the at least one recess is at least one spline hub. 6. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is partly or entirely formed as a wavy spline and the at least one recess is a wavy spline hub. 7. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein a plug-twist closure or a bayonet closure is integrated in the lateral section and the inner section, which establishes a positive-locking connection between the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 8. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component is segmented. 9. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein hollow spaces are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 10. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein crash elements configured to absorb kinetic energy of components in an event of a component failure are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 11. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the crash elements are a honeycomb structure. 12. A method for producing a turbocharger having an inner housing component having a lateral section; and an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section, comprising:
at least partly producing the inner housing component by additive manufacturing; and at least partly producing the outer housing component by the additive manufacturing. 13. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the lateral section and/or the inner section are entirely produced by the additive manufacturing. 14. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the additive manufacturing is a 3D printing method. | A turbocharger having a housing and a stator. The housing and/or the stator has an inner and an outer housing component. An inner section of the housing component lies directly against and covers a lateral section of the housing component. The lateral section and the inner section are formed such that they form a positive-locking connection, which fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against positional change along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about this longitudinal axis. The inner housing component and/or the outer housing component is at least partly produced by additive manufacturing.1. A turbocharger, comprising:
a housing; at least one stator; wherein at least the housing and/or the at least one stator comprise or comprises:
an inner housing component having a lateral section; and
an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section,
wherein a respective lateral section and a respective inner section are formed such that together they form a positive-locking connection that fixes the inner housing component and the outer housing component against a relative positional change relative to one another along a longitudinal axis of the turbocharger and/or against a rotation about the longitudinal axis, and
wherein the respective inner housing component and/or the respective outer housing component are at least partly produced by additive manufacturing. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the lateral section of the inner housing component and/or the inner section of the outer housing component is manufactured entirely by the additive manufacturing. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein
the lateral section comprises at least one positioning element that projects from the lateral section, and the inner section comprises at least one recess corresponding to the at least one positioning element so that together these form the positive-locking connection. 4. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is a positioning lug and the at least one recess is a groove. 5. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is at least one spline and the at least one recess is at least one spline hub. 6. The turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one positioning element is partly or entirely formed as a wavy spline and the at least one recess is a wavy spline hub. 7. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein a plug-twist closure or a bayonet closure is integrated in the lateral section and the inner section, which establishes a positive-locking connection between the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 8. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component is segmented. 9. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein hollow spaces are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 10. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein crash elements configured to absorb kinetic energy of components in an event of a component failure are integrated in at least one of the inner housing component and the outer housing component. 11. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the crash elements are a honeycomb structure. 12. A method for producing a turbocharger having an inner housing component having a lateral section; and an outer housing component, an inner section of the outer housing component directly lies against the lateral section of the inner housing component and covers the lateral section, comprising:
at least partly producing the inner housing component by additive manufacturing; and at least partly producing the outer housing component by the additive manufacturing. 13. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the lateral section and/or the inner section are entirely produced by the additive manufacturing. 14. The method for producing a turbocharger according to claim 12, wherein the additive manufacturing is a 3D printing method. | 3,600 |
343,461 | 16,802,875 | 2,199 | Actions performed at a client application for a service during a session between the client application and the service. The client application runs on the client device and a service server hosts the service. Events received by a backend application running on a backend server from the service server during the session are also captured. The actions performed at the client application are correlated with the events received by the backend application from the service server. Backend application load testing data is generated. The backend application load testing data includes, for each action performed at the client application, the event received by the backend application from the service server that corresponds to the action. | 1. A method comprising:
loading, by a processor, actions performed at a client application for a service during a session between the client application and the service, the client application running on a client device, the service hosted by a service server; loading, by the processor, events received by a backend application running on a backend server from the service server during the session; correlating, by the processor, the actions performed at the client application with the events received by the backend application from the service server; and generating, by the processor, backend application load testing data including, for each action performed at the client application, the event received by the backend application from the service server that corresponds to the action. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing, by the processor, load testing of the backend application using the generated backend application load testing data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, the actions performed at the client application and captured at the client device. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the actions are captured in an image-based action recognition manner. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, the events transmitted by the service server, as captured at a reverse proxy server intercepting network traffic between the service server and the backend server prior to receipt by the backend application. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the events comprise webhook data transmitted by the service server to webhooks previously registered by the backend application with the third server service hosted at the service server. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein correlating the actions comprises:
for each action, identifying the event received by the backend application from the service server after and closest to when the action was performed, as the event that corresponds to the action. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the service is a social networking service (SNS). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the service is a single sign-on (SSO) service. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing program code executable by a computing device to perform processing comprising:
receiving, from a test script playing back a previously recorded session between a client application for a service and the service as hosted by a service server, an action associated with the previously recorded session; identifying an event corresponding to the action and that was previously received by a backend application running on a backend server from the service server; and transmitting the identified event to the backend application running on the backend sever to mimic the service server in load testing of the backend application. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the event corresponding to the action comprises looking up the action within backend application load testing data including a plurality of actions captured during the previously recorded session. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 11, wherein each action within the backend application load testing data has a corresponding event captured via a reverse proxy server intercepting network traffic between the service server and the backend server during the previously recorded session and received by the backend application from the service during the previously recorded session. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 12, wherein the corresponding event of each action within the backend application load testing data comprises webhook data transmitted by the service server to a webhook previously registered by the backend application with the third server service hosted at the service server. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 11, wherein the actions within the backend application load testing data were previously captured in an image-based action recognition manner at a client device running the client application for the service during the previously recorded session. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 10, wherein the service is a social networking service (SNS). 16. A computing system comprising:
a correlation computing device comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing program code executable by the processor to:
correlate actions with events, the actions performed a client application for a service on a client device during a session between the client application and the service as hosted by a service server, the actions captured by capture code on the client device, the events sent by the service server to a backend application on a backend server during the session, the events captured by a reverse proxy server intercepting network traffic between the service server hosting the service and the backend server; and
generate backend application load testing data including, for each action performed at the client application, the event received by the backend application from the service server that corresponds to the action. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a mock server to mimic the service server in load testing of the backend application by receiving the actions from a test script playing back the session, identifying the events corresponding to the events from the backend application load testing data, and transmitting the identified events to the backend application running on the backend server. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the actions are captured in an image-based action recognition manner. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the events comprise webhook data transmitted by the service server to webhooks previously registered by the backend application with the third server service hosted at the service server. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the service is a social networking service (SNS). | Actions performed at a client application for a service during a session between the client application and the service. The client application runs on the client device and a service server hosts the service. Events received by a backend application running on a backend server from the service server during the session are also captured. The actions performed at the client application are correlated with the events received by the backend application from the service server. Backend application load testing data is generated. The backend application load testing data includes, for each action performed at the client application, the event received by the backend application from the service server that corresponds to the action.1. A method comprising:
loading, by a processor, actions performed at a client application for a service during a session between the client application and the service, the client application running on a client device, the service hosted by a service server; loading, by the processor, events received by a backend application running on a backend server from the service server during the session; correlating, by the processor, the actions performed at the client application with the events received by the backend application from the service server; and generating, by the processor, backend application load testing data including, for each action performed at the client application, the event received by the backend application from the service server that corresponds to the action. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing, by the processor, load testing of the backend application using the generated backend application load testing data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, the actions performed at the client application and captured at the client device. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the actions are captured in an image-based action recognition manner. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, the events transmitted by the service server, as captured at a reverse proxy server intercepting network traffic between the service server and the backend server prior to receipt by the backend application. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the events comprise webhook data transmitted by the service server to webhooks previously registered by the backend application with the third server service hosted at the service server. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein correlating the actions comprises:
for each action, identifying the event received by the backend application from the service server after and closest to when the action was performed, as the event that corresponds to the action. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the service is a social networking service (SNS). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the service is a single sign-on (SSO) service. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing program code executable by a computing device to perform processing comprising:
receiving, from a test script playing back a previously recorded session between a client application for a service and the service as hosted by a service server, an action associated with the previously recorded session; identifying an event corresponding to the action and that was previously received by a backend application running on a backend server from the service server; and transmitting the identified event to the backend application running on the backend sever to mimic the service server in load testing of the backend application. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the event corresponding to the action comprises looking up the action within backend application load testing data including a plurality of actions captured during the previously recorded session. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 11, wherein each action within the backend application load testing data has a corresponding event captured via a reverse proxy server intercepting network traffic between the service server and the backend server during the previously recorded session and received by the backend application from the service during the previously recorded session. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 12, wherein the corresponding event of each action within the backend application load testing data comprises webhook data transmitted by the service server to a webhook previously registered by the backend application with the third server service hosted at the service server. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 11, wherein the actions within the backend application load testing data were previously captured in an image-based action recognition manner at a client device running the client application for the service during the previously recorded session. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium of claim 10, wherein the service is a social networking service (SNS). 16. A computing system comprising:
a correlation computing device comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing program code executable by the processor to:
correlate actions with events, the actions performed a client application for a service on a client device during a session between the client application and the service as hosted by a service server, the actions captured by capture code on the client device, the events sent by the service server to a backend application on a backend server during the session, the events captured by a reverse proxy server intercepting network traffic between the service server hosting the service and the backend server; and
generate backend application load testing data including, for each action performed at the client application, the event received by the backend application from the service server that corresponds to the action. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a mock server to mimic the service server in load testing of the backend application by receiving the actions from a test script playing back the session, identifying the events corresponding to the events from the backend application load testing data, and transmitting the identified events to the backend application running on the backend server. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the actions are captured in an image-based action recognition manner. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the events comprise webhook data transmitted by the service server to webhooks previously registered by the backend application with the third server service hosted at the service server. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the service is a social networking service (SNS). | 2,100 |
343,462 | 16,802,874 | 1,748 | An injection molding hot runner system adapted for leak detection during injection molding includes a manifold and a housing surrounding the manifold, wherein the manifold and the housing are spaced apart defining one or more pockets, the manifold comprises at least one junction point establishing a connection to a component attached to the manifold, wherein at the at least one junction point a sensor is located in the pocket, wherein the sensor is configured to indicate a leak when getting in contact with the molten plastic due to a leak at the junction point. | 1. Injection molding hot runner system adapted for leak detection during injection molding, wherein the hot runner system comprises a manifold and a housing surrounding the manifold, wherein the manifold and the housing are spaced apart defining one or more pockets, the manifold comprises one or more junction points establishing a connection to a component attached to the manifold, wherein at the at least one junction point area a sensor is located in the pocket, wherein the sensor is configured to indicate a leak, when getting in contact with the molten plastic due to a leak at the junction point. 2. The injection molding hot runner system, according to claim I wherein the junction point is one or more of the following: a bore or thread in the manifold to mount an inlet or an injection nozzle, a manifold joint connecting two manifold sections, a bore in the manifold through which a hydraulic, electric or pneumatic actuator extends to drive the injection nozzle. 3. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 2, wherein the injection nozzle extends from the manifold through a bore of the housing, wherein the bore of the housing is in communication with the pocket, so that due to a leak at the injection nozzle, molten plastic extends into the pocket, detectable by the sensor located in the pocket at the bore. 4. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 2, wherein the sensor is connected to the support spacing apart from the manifold and the housing. 5. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises several plates defining the housing. 6. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is one or more of the following: a temperature sensor, a mechanical switch, temperature coil, a contact sensor, optical sensor, pressure sensor, inductive sensor, capacitive sensor, resistance sensor, and piezo sensor. 7. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to an upper wall of the pocket and extends downwards into the channel. 8. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor is insulated to reduce the temperature influence of the housing or manifold. 9. The injection molding manifold assembly according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor is insulated by a ceramic. 10. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 8, wherein the insulation is surrounding the support and the temperature sensor is attached to the insulation. 11. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor is located in between an upper and a lower insulation. 12. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor and a temperature reading device are configured to detect a temperature deviation, when getting in contact with molten plastic passing through the leak. 13. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 2, wherein the nozzle assembly comprises a nozzle shank being fastened into or onto the manifold, and wherein the temperature sensor is located at the vicinity of the lower or upper end of the manifold close to the nozzle shank or inlet nozzle. 14. An injection molding hot runner system adapted for leak detection during injection molding, wherein the hot runner system comprises a manifold and a housing surrounding the manifold, wherein the manifold and the housing are spaced apart defining one or more pockets, wherein a nozzle assembly extends from the manifold via the pocket through a bore of the housing, the nozzle assembly comprises a nozzle heater located in the bore, wherein a sensor is located in the bore in which the nozzle heater extends to detect leaking plastic pressed through the bore. 15. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 14, wherein the sensor is one or more of the following: a temperature sensor, a mechanical sensor, mechanical switch, temperature coil, a contact sensor, optical sensor, pressure sensor, inductive sensor, capacitive sensor, resistant sensor, and piezo sensor. 16. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to detect a temperature deviation when getting in contact with molten plastic passing through the leak. 17. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 13, wherein the sensor is located on/in the nozzle heater or at the upper end of the nozzle heater. 18. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 14, wherein the sensor is located in a grove on an outer shell of the nozzle heater. 19. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 14, wherein a heating coil of the nozzle heater is used as a sensor indicating the leak when the current used to drive the heating coil passes a preset threshold value. 20. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein a mechanical sensor when getting in contact with the molten plastic is configured to indicate a leak. 21. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 20, wherein the mechanical sensor is a switch configured to close or open when getting in contact with the molten plastic. 22. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 20, wherein the mechanical sensor is a wire configured to break when getting in contact with the molten plastic. 23. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 8, wherein the mechanical sensor has the form of a tube located around the nozzle assembly, configured to get pushed by molten plastic and configured to indicate a relocation. 24. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein the sensor is a mesh around the nozzle assembly changing electrical or mechanical or optical behavior when getting in contact with molten plastic. 25. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein the optical sensor is a fibre sensor, indicating different light distribution or letting pass different light amounts when getting in contact with the molten plastic. | An injection molding hot runner system adapted for leak detection during injection molding includes a manifold and a housing surrounding the manifold, wherein the manifold and the housing are spaced apart defining one or more pockets, the manifold comprises at least one junction point establishing a connection to a component attached to the manifold, wherein at the at least one junction point a sensor is located in the pocket, wherein the sensor is configured to indicate a leak when getting in contact with the molten plastic due to a leak at the junction point.1. Injection molding hot runner system adapted for leak detection during injection molding, wherein the hot runner system comprises a manifold and a housing surrounding the manifold, wherein the manifold and the housing are spaced apart defining one or more pockets, the manifold comprises one or more junction points establishing a connection to a component attached to the manifold, wherein at the at least one junction point area a sensor is located in the pocket, wherein the sensor is configured to indicate a leak, when getting in contact with the molten plastic due to a leak at the junction point. 2. The injection molding hot runner system, according to claim I wherein the junction point is one or more of the following: a bore or thread in the manifold to mount an inlet or an injection nozzle, a manifold joint connecting two manifold sections, a bore in the manifold through which a hydraulic, electric or pneumatic actuator extends to drive the injection nozzle. 3. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 2, wherein the injection nozzle extends from the manifold through a bore of the housing, wherein the bore of the housing is in communication with the pocket, so that due to a leak at the injection nozzle, molten plastic extends into the pocket, detectable by the sensor located in the pocket at the bore. 4. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 2, wherein the sensor is connected to the support spacing apart from the manifold and the housing. 5. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises several plates defining the housing. 6. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is one or more of the following: a temperature sensor, a mechanical switch, temperature coil, a contact sensor, optical sensor, pressure sensor, inductive sensor, capacitive sensor, resistance sensor, and piezo sensor. 7. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to an upper wall of the pocket and extends downwards into the channel. 8. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor is insulated to reduce the temperature influence of the housing or manifold. 9. The injection molding manifold assembly according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor is insulated by a ceramic. 10. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 8, wherein the insulation is surrounding the support and the temperature sensor is attached to the insulation. 11. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor is located in between an upper and a lower insulation. 12. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor and a temperature reading device are configured to detect a temperature deviation, when getting in contact with molten plastic passing through the leak. 13. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 2, wherein the nozzle assembly comprises a nozzle shank being fastened into or onto the manifold, and wherein the temperature sensor is located at the vicinity of the lower or upper end of the manifold close to the nozzle shank or inlet nozzle. 14. An injection molding hot runner system adapted for leak detection during injection molding, wherein the hot runner system comprises a manifold and a housing surrounding the manifold, wherein the manifold and the housing are spaced apart defining one or more pockets, wherein a nozzle assembly extends from the manifold via the pocket through a bore of the housing, the nozzle assembly comprises a nozzle heater located in the bore, wherein a sensor is located in the bore in which the nozzle heater extends to detect leaking plastic pressed through the bore. 15. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 14, wherein the sensor is one or more of the following: a temperature sensor, a mechanical sensor, mechanical switch, temperature coil, a contact sensor, optical sensor, pressure sensor, inductive sensor, capacitive sensor, resistant sensor, and piezo sensor. 16. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to detect a temperature deviation when getting in contact with molten plastic passing through the leak. 17. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 13, wherein the sensor is located on/in the nozzle heater or at the upper end of the nozzle heater. 18. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 14, wherein the sensor is located in a grove on an outer shell of the nozzle heater. 19. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 14, wherein a heating coil of the nozzle heater is used as a sensor indicating the leak when the current used to drive the heating coil passes a preset threshold value. 20. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein a mechanical sensor when getting in contact with the molten plastic is configured to indicate a leak. 21. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 20, wherein the mechanical sensor is a switch configured to close or open when getting in contact with the molten plastic. 22. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 20, wherein the mechanical sensor is a wire configured to break when getting in contact with the molten plastic. 23. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 8, wherein the mechanical sensor has the form of a tube located around the nozzle assembly, configured to get pushed by molten plastic and configured to indicate a relocation. 24. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein the sensor is a mesh around the nozzle assembly changing electrical or mechanical or optical behavior when getting in contact with molten plastic. 25. The injection molding hot runner system according to claim 15, wherein the optical sensor is a fibre sensor, indicating different light distribution or letting pass different light amounts when getting in contact with the molten plastic. | 1,700 |
343,463 | 16,802,854 | 1,748 | Generating any point in time backups from secondary storage without native snapshot generation and providing failover capabilities from a primary storage. Data or IOs from a source are distributed to both the primary storage and the secondary storage. When a disaster occurs with one of these storages, recovery of one of the storages can be achieved using a delta marker and data from the other of the storages. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving an IO stream from a source; preparing the IO stream for distribution to a first target and a second target, the IO stream including a plurality of IOs; storing a delta marker that identifies whether the plurality of IOs have been distributed to both the first target and the second target; detecting an issue with the first target such that distribution to the first target is affected; and resolving the issue using the delta marker and data stored at the second target, wherein the first target is one of a primary storage and a secondary storage and the second target is the other of the primary storage and the secondary storage. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising resolving the issue without disrupting the source for the data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising continuing to distribute IOs from the source to the second target while resolving the issue with the first target. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first target is a primary storage and the second target is a secondary storage, the method comprising recovering the primary storage from the second storage by:
constructing synchronization metadata from a metadata stream on the second storage and from the delta marker; reading data from the second storage based on the synchronization metadata; and applying the read data to the primary storage. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising receiving a new IO from the source and, while recovering the first target from the second target:
applying the new IO normally when the new IO does not apply to areas associated with the synchronization metadata; applying the new IO normally when the new IO applies to an area of the primary storage that has already been synchronized; or applying the new IO when the new IO applies to an area of the primary that is subject to synchronization but has not been synchronized and deleting IOs from the synchronization metadata related to the area associated with the new IO. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first target is a secondary storage and the second target is the primary storage, the method further comprising recovering the secondary storage from the primary storage. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
reading data from the primary storage based on the delta marker; storing new IOs from the source in a synchronization stream; applying the read data to the secondary storage; and applying the synchronization stream after the secondary storage is recovered from the primary storage. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a PiT image from the secondary storage. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising failing over to a latest copy stored on the primary storage. IO. The method of claim 1, further comprising failing over to a near-latest copy on the primary storage by writing data from the secondary storage to the primary storage by identifying locations on the primary storage to be overwritten and writing data from the secondary storage that corresponds to the locations and a selected point in time. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving an IO stream from a source; preparing the IO stream for distribution to a first target and a second target, the IO stream including a plurality of IOs; storing a delta marker that identifies whether the plurality of IOs have been distributed to both the first target and the second target; detecting an issue with the first target such that distribution to the first target is affected; and resolving the issue using the delta marker and data stored at the second target. 12. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first target is one of a primary storage and a secondary storage and, the second target is the other of the primary storage and the secondary storage. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, further comprising continuing to distribute IOs from the source to the second target while resolving the issue with the first target. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first target is a primary storage and the second target is a secondary storage, the method comprising recovering the primary storage from the second storage by:
constructing synchronization metadata from a metadata stream on the second storage and from the delta marker; reading data from the second storage based on the synchronization metadata; and applying the read data to the primary storage. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, further comprising receiving a new IO from the source and, while recovering the first target from the second target:
applying the new IO normally when the new IO does not apply to areas associated with the synchronization metadata; applying the new IO normally when the new IO applies to an area of the primary storage that has already been synchronized; or applying the new IO when the new IO applies to an area of the primary that is subject to synchronization but has not been synchronized and deleting IOs from the synchronization metadata related to the area associated with the new IO. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first target is a secondary storage and the second target is the primary storage, the method further comprising recovering the secondary storage from the primary storage. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, further comprising:
reading data from the primary storage based on the delta marker; storing new IOs from the source in a synchronization stream; applying the read data to the secondary storage; and applying the synchronization stream after the secondary storage is recovered from the primary storage. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, further comprising generating a PiT image from the secondary storage. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, further comprising failing over to a latest copy stored on the primary storage. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, further comprising failing over to a near-latest copy on the primary storage by writing data from the secondary storage to the primary storage by identifying locations on the primary storage to be overwritten and writing data from the secondary storage that corresponds to the locations and a selected point in time. | Generating any point in time backups from secondary storage without native snapshot generation and providing failover capabilities from a primary storage. Data or IOs from a source are distributed to both the primary storage and the secondary storage. When a disaster occurs with one of these storages, recovery of one of the storages can be achieved using a delta marker and data from the other of the storages.1. A method, comprising:
receiving an IO stream from a source; preparing the IO stream for distribution to a first target and a second target, the IO stream including a plurality of IOs; storing a delta marker that identifies whether the plurality of IOs have been distributed to both the first target and the second target; detecting an issue with the first target such that distribution to the first target is affected; and resolving the issue using the delta marker and data stored at the second target, wherein the first target is one of a primary storage and a secondary storage and the second target is the other of the primary storage and the secondary storage. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising resolving the issue without disrupting the source for the data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising continuing to distribute IOs from the source to the second target while resolving the issue with the first target. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first target is a primary storage and the second target is a secondary storage, the method comprising recovering the primary storage from the second storage by:
constructing synchronization metadata from a metadata stream on the second storage and from the delta marker; reading data from the second storage based on the synchronization metadata; and applying the read data to the primary storage. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising receiving a new IO from the source and, while recovering the first target from the second target:
applying the new IO normally when the new IO does not apply to areas associated with the synchronization metadata; applying the new IO normally when the new IO applies to an area of the primary storage that has already been synchronized; or applying the new IO when the new IO applies to an area of the primary that is subject to synchronization but has not been synchronized and deleting IOs from the synchronization metadata related to the area associated with the new IO. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first target is a secondary storage and the second target is the primary storage, the method further comprising recovering the secondary storage from the primary storage. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
reading data from the primary storage based on the delta marker; storing new IOs from the source in a synchronization stream; applying the read data to the secondary storage; and applying the synchronization stream after the secondary storage is recovered from the primary storage. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a PiT image from the secondary storage. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising failing over to a latest copy stored on the primary storage. IO. The method of claim 1, further comprising failing over to a near-latest copy on the primary storage by writing data from the secondary storage to the primary storage by identifying locations on the primary storage to be overwritten and writing data from the secondary storage that corresponds to the locations and a selected point in time. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving an IO stream from a source; preparing the IO stream for distribution to a first target and a second target, the IO stream including a plurality of IOs; storing a delta marker that identifies whether the plurality of IOs have been distributed to both the first target and the second target; detecting an issue with the first target such that distribution to the first target is affected; and resolving the issue using the delta marker and data stored at the second target. 12. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first target is one of a primary storage and a secondary storage and, the second target is the other of the primary storage and the secondary storage. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, further comprising continuing to distribute IOs from the source to the second target while resolving the issue with the first target. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first target is a primary storage and the second target is a secondary storage, the method comprising recovering the primary storage from the second storage by:
constructing synchronization metadata from a metadata stream on the second storage and from the delta marker; reading data from the second storage based on the synchronization metadata; and applying the read data to the primary storage. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, further comprising receiving a new IO from the source and, while recovering the first target from the second target:
applying the new IO normally when the new IO does not apply to areas associated with the synchronization metadata; applying the new IO normally when the new IO applies to an area of the primary storage that has already been synchronized; or applying the new IO when the new IO applies to an area of the primary that is subject to synchronization but has not been synchronized and deleting IOs from the synchronization metadata related to the area associated with the new IO. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the first target is a secondary storage and the second target is the primary storage, the method further comprising recovering the secondary storage from the primary storage. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, further comprising:
reading data from the primary storage based on the delta marker; storing new IOs from the source in a synchronization stream; applying the read data to the secondary storage; and applying the synchronization stream after the secondary storage is recovered from the primary storage. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, further comprising generating a PiT image from the secondary storage. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, further comprising failing over to a latest copy stored on the primary storage. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, further comprising failing over to a near-latest copy on the primary storage by writing data from the secondary storage to the primary storage by identifying locations on the primary storage to be overwritten and writing data from the secondary storage that corresponds to the locations and a selected point in time. | 1,700 |
343,464 | 16,802,868 | 1,748 | The present disclosure provides methods to use calcium cobalt zirconium perovskites as oxygen-selective sorbents for the separation of oxygen from a gas mixture such as air. Systems and high temperature oxygen detectors are also provided. In a preferred embodiment, the perovskite is configured as a membrane. | 1. A method for separating oxygen from a gas mixture which comprises
(a) preparing an oxygen-depleted perovskite from a perovskite having the formula CaCo1-xZrxO3-δ wherein x is a number defined by 0.02≤x≤0.98; and δ is a number defined by 0.0≤δ≤1.0; (b) contacting the oxygen-depleted perovskite under conditions such that the oxygen-depleted perovskite binds oxygen from the gas mixture and generates an oxygenated perovskite; (c) treating the oxygenated perovskite under suitable conditions so as to release the oxygen from the oxygenated perovskite; and thus (d) regenerating the oxygen-depleted perovskite and releasing the separated oxygen. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions to release the oxygen from the oxygenated perovskite involve a pressure swing. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions to release the oxygen from the oxygenated perovskite involve a temperature swing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas mixture is air. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas mixture is a gas that is greater than 95% pure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the perovskite has a formula wherein x is a number defined by 0.2≤x≤0.95. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the perovskite has a formula wherein x is a number defined by 0.4≤x≤0.95. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the perovskite has a formula wherein x is a number defined by 0.4≤x≤0.8. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is separated on a membrane. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is separated in a fluidized bed reactor. 13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is separated in a fixed bed reactor. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygenated perovskite is generated at a temperature of greater than 800° C. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygenated perovskite is generated at a pressure of about 1 bar to about 10 bar. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is released from the oxygenated perovskite at a pressure of less than 1 bar. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-depleted perovskite is exposed to the gas mixture for a period of time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 1 hour. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-depleted perovskite is exposed to the gas mixture for a period of time ranging from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen separation is part of a process to generate high purity oxygen. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen separation is utilized as part of a sensor for detecting oxygen. 22. A system for the separation of oxygen from a gas mixture, the system comprising:
(a) a reactor configured to prepare an oxygen-depleted perovskite from a perovskite having the formula CaCo1-xZrxO3-δ wherein x is a number defined by 0.02≤x≤0.98; and δ is a number defined by 0.0≤δ≤1.0; (b) a device configured to contact the oxygen-depleted perovskite with the gas mixture to generate an oxygenated perovskite; (c) a device configured to treat the oxygenated perovskite to release the oxygen and generate an oxygen-depleted perovskite; and (d) a device configured to collect the released oxygen. 23.-28. (canceled) 29. A detector for oxygen in a gas mixture which comprises:
(a) an oxygen-depleted perovskite from a perovskite having the formula CaCo1-xZrxO3-δ wherein x is a number defined by 0.02≤x≤0.98; and δ is a number defined by 0.0≤δ≤1.0; (b) a device configured to contact the oxygen-depleted perovskite with the gas mixture and, if oxygen is present, to generate an oxygenated perovskite; (c) a means for detecting the oxygenated perovskite if present. | The present disclosure provides methods to use calcium cobalt zirconium perovskites as oxygen-selective sorbents for the separation of oxygen from a gas mixture such as air. Systems and high temperature oxygen detectors are also provided. In a preferred embodiment, the perovskite is configured as a membrane.1. A method for separating oxygen from a gas mixture which comprises
(a) preparing an oxygen-depleted perovskite from a perovskite having the formula CaCo1-xZrxO3-δ wherein x is a number defined by 0.02≤x≤0.98; and δ is a number defined by 0.0≤δ≤1.0; (b) contacting the oxygen-depleted perovskite under conditions such that the oxygen-depleted perovskite binds oxygen from the gas mixture and generates an oxygenated perovskite; (c) treating the oxygenated perovskite under suitable conditions so as to release the oxygen from the oxygenated perovskite; and thus (d) regenerating the oxygen-depleted perovskite and releasing the separated oxygen. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions to release the oxygen from the oxygenated perovskite involve a pressure swing. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions to release the oxygen from the oxygenated perovskite involve a temperature swing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas mixture is air. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas mixture is a gas that is greater than 95% pure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the perovskite has a formula wherein x is a number defined by 0.2≤x≤0.95. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the perovskite has a formula wherein x is a number defined by 0.4≤x≤0.95. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the perovskite has a formula wherein x is a number defined by 0.4≤x≤0.8. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is separated on a membrane. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is separated in a fluidized bed reactor. 13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is separated in a fixed bed reactor. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygenated perovskite is generated at a temperature of greater than 800° C. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygenated perovskite is generated at a pressure of about 1 bar to about 10 bar. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen is released from the oxygenated perovskite at a pressure of less than 1 bar. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-depleted perovskite is exposed to the gas mixture for a period of time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 1 hour. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-depleted perovskite is exposed to the gas mixture for a period of time ranging from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen separation is part of a process to generate high purity oxygen. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen separation is utilized as part of a sensor for detecting oxygen. 22. A system for the separation of oxygen from a gas mixture, the system comprising:
(a) a reactor configured to prepare an oxygen-depleted perovskite from a perovskite having the formula CaCo1-xZrxO3-δ wherein x is a number defined by 0.02≤x≤0.98; and δ is a number defined by 0.0≤δ≤1.0; (b) a device configured to contact the oxygen-depleted perovskite with the gas mixture to generate an oxygenated perovskite; (c) a device configured to treat the oxygenated perovskite to release the oxygen and generate an oxygen-depleted perovskite; and (d) a device configured to collect the released oxygen. 23.-28. (canceled) 29. A detector for oxygen in a gas mixture which comprises:
(a) an oxygen-depleted perovskite from a perovskite having the formula CaCo1-xZrxO3-δ wherein x is a number defined by 0.02≤x≤0.98; and δ is a number defined by 0.0≤δ≤1.0; (b) a device configured to contact the oxygen-depleted perovskite with the gas mixture and, if oxygen is present, to generate an oxygenated perovskite; (c) a means for detecting the oxygenated perovskite if present. | 1,700 |
343,465 | 16,802,884 | 1,748 | A cushioning product and corresponding method of use that employs closed cell foam which is configured to make medical patients relatively more comfortable and to provide relatively more support during a given medical procedure. | 1. A method of cushioning a patient for medical care comprising:
supplying a closed cell olefin foam wherein 90% or more of the cells are closed cells and said foam has a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-70 and a density in the range of 1-10 pounds per cubic foot; cushioning said patient with said closed cell olefin foam. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein 95% or more of the cells are closed cells. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam indicates a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-50. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam indicates a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-30. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam indicates a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 15-25. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam has a water absorption by weight of less than or equal to 7.0%. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam has a tensile strength of 20 psi to 300 psi. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam has an elongation of 25% to 350%. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam comprises poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate). 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam is free of chlorine, phthalates and/or antimony based additives. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam is free of biocides, heavy metals, and/or halogen based flame retardants. 12. A foam for use as a medical cushioning product where said foam comprises a closed cell olefin foam wherein 90% or more of the cells are closed cells and said foam has a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-70 and a density in the range of 1-10 pounds per cubic foot. | A cushioning product and corresponding method of use that employs closed cell foam which is configured to make medical patients relatively more comfortable and to provide relatively more support during a given medical procedure.1. A method of cushioning a patient for medical care comprising:
supplying a closed cell olefin foam wherein 90% or more of the cells are closed cells and said foam has a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-70 and a density in the range of 1-10 pounds per cubic foot; cushioning said patient with said closed cell olefin foam. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein 95% or more of the cells are closed cells. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam indicates a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-50. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam indicates a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-30. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam indicates a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 15-25. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam has a water absorption by weight of less than or equal to 7.0%. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam has a tensile strength of 20 psi to 300 psi. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam has an elongation of 25% to 350%. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam comprises poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate). 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam is free of chlorine, phthalates and/or antimony based additives. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said foam is free of biocides, heavy metals, and/or halogen based flame retardants. 12. A foam for use as a medical cushioning product where said foam comprises a closed cell olefin foam wherein 90% or more of the cells are closed cells and said foam has a Shore 00 Durometer in the range of 10-70 and a density in the range of 1-10 pounds per cubic foot. | 1,700 |
343,466 | 16,802,871 | 2,812 | A semiconductor substrate has a front face with a first dielectric region. A capacitive element includes, on a surface of the first dielectric region at the front face, a stack of layers which include a first conductive region, a second conductive region and a third conductive region. The second conductive region is electrically insulated from the first conductive region by a second dielectric region. The second conductive region is further electrically insulated from the third conductive region by a third dielectric region. The first and third conductive regions form one plate of the capacitive element, and the second conductive region forms another plate of the capacitive element. | 1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a front face; a first dielectric region extending into the semiconductor substrate from the front face; a capacitive element including a stack on a surface of the first dielectric region at the front face, said stack comprising:
a first conductive region, a second conductive region and a third conductive region, wherein the second conductive region is electrically insulated from the first conductive region by a second dielectric region and wherein the second conductive region is electrically insulated from the third conductive region by a third dielectric region. 2. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region and the third dielectric region are configured to withstand voltages of higher than 3.5 volts. 3. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region and the third dielectric region are configured to withstand voltages of higher than 10 volts. 4. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region includes a high-voltage oxide layer having a thickness of between 10 nm and 20 nm. 5. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region includes a tunnel oxide layer having a thickness of between 5 nm and 15 nm. 6. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the third dielectric region includes a stack of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer, the stack having a thickness of between 10 nm and 17 nm. 7. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the capacitive element comprises a first electrode formed by the first conductive region and the third conductive region which are electrically connected to each other, and a second electrode formed by the second conductive region. 8. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive region, the second conductive region and the third conductive region each comprise polycrystalline silicon. 9. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein said at least one capacitive element is a component of an analog or radiofrequency-receiver device. 10. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising at least one high-voltage transistor, wherein said high-voltage transistor comprises a gate formed by a layer of material which forms the second conductive region and a high-voltage gate oxide formed by a layer of material which forms the second dielectric region. 11. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a nonvolatile memory device incorporating a memory cell comprising a floating-gate transistor, wherein said floating-gate transistor comprises a floating gate formed by a layer of material which forms the second conductive region and a tunnel oxide formed by a layer of material which forms the second dielectric region. 12. The integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein said floating-gate transistor further comprises a control gate formed by a layer of material which forms the third conductive region and a control-gate dielectric region formed by a layer of material which forms the third dielectric region. 13. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a buried vertical-gate transistor, wherein said buried vertical-gate transistor comprises a vertical gate formed by a layer of material which forms the first conductive region. 14. A process for fabricating an integrated circuit on a semiconductor substrate having a front face, said integrated circuit including a capacitive element, comprising:
etching a trench in the semiconductor substrate from the front face and filling the trench with a dielectric material to forming a first dielectric region in the semiconductor substrate; forming a first conductive region on a surface of the first dielectric region at the front face; forming a second dielectric region on the first conductive region; forming a second conductive region on the second dielectric region; forming a third dielectric region on the first conductive region; and forming a third conductive region on the third dielectric region; wherein the capacitive element comprises a first electrode formed by the first conductive region and the third conductive region which are electrically connected to each other, and a second electrode formed by the second conductive region. 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the first conductive region takes place together with forming a conductive gate region of a buried vertical-gate transistor. 16. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the second dielectric region takes place together with forming a high-voltage gate oxide of a high-voltage transistor. 17. The process according to claim 16, wherein forming the second dielectric region includes forming a high-voltage oxide layer having a thickness of between 10 nm and 20 nm. 18. The process according to claim 14, wherein:
forming the second dielectric region takes place together with forming a tunnel oxide layer of a floating-gate transistor; forming the second conductive region takes place together with forming a conductive floating-gate region of the floating-gate transistor; forming the third dielectric region takes place together with forming a control-gate dielectric layer of the floating-gate transistor; and forming the third conductive region takes place together with forming a control-gate conductive region of the floating-gate transistor. 19. The process according to claim 18, wherein forming the second dielectric region includes forming a tunnel oxide layer having a thickness of between 5 nm and 15 nm. 20. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the third dielectric region includes forming a stack of a silicon oxide layer, of a silicon nitride layer and of a silicon oxide layer, the stack having a thickness of between 10 nm and 17 nm. 21. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the first conductive region, forming the second conductive region and forming the third conductive region each comprise depositing polycrystalline silicon. 22. The process according to claim 14, wherein fabricating said capacitive element is incorporated with fabricating an analog or radiofrequency-receiver device of the integrated circuit. | A semiconductor substrate has a front face with a first dielectric region. A capacitive element includes, on a surface of the first dielectric region at the front face, a stack of layers which include a first conductive region, a second conductive region and a third conductive region. The second conductive region is electrically insulated from the first conductive region by a second dielectric region. The second conductive region is further electrically insulated from the third conductive region by a third dielectric region. The first and third conductive regions form one plate of the capacitive element, and the second conductive region forms another plate of the capacitive element.1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having a front face; a first dielectric region extending into the semiconductor substrate from the front face; a capacitive element including a stack on a surface of the first dielectric region at the front face, said stack comprising:
a first conductive region, a second conductive region and a third conductive region, wherein the second conductive region is electrically insulated from the first conductive region by a second dielectric region and wherein the second conductive region is electrically insulated from the third conductive region by a third dielectric region. 2. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region and the third dielectric region are configured to withstand voltages of higher than 3.5 volts. 3. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region and the third dielectric region are configured to withstand voltages of higher than 10 volts. 4. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region includes a high-voltage oxide layer having a thickness of between 10 nm and 20 nm. 5. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric region includes a tunnel oxide layer having a thickness of between 5 nm and 15 nm. 6. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the third dielectric region includes a stack of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer, the stack having a thickness of between 10 nm and 17 nm. 7. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the capacitive element comprises a first electrode formed by the first conductive region and the third conductive region which are electrically connected to each other, and a second electrode formed by the second conductive region. 8. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive region, the second conductive region and the third conductive region each comprise polycrystalline silicon. 9. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein said at least one capacitive element is a component of an analog or radiofrequency-receiver device. 10. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising at least one high-voltage transistor, wherein said high-voltage transistor comprises a gate formed by a layer of material which forms the second conductive region and a high-voltage gate oxide formed by a layer of material which forms the second dielectric region. 11. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a nonvolatile memory device incorporating a memory cell comprising a floating-gate transistor, wherein said floating-gate transistor comprises a floating gate formed by a layer of material which forms the second conductive region and a tunnel oxide formed by a layer of material which forms the second dielectric region. 12. The integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein said floating-gate transistor further comprises a control gate formed by a layer of material which forms the third conductive region and a control-gate dielectric region formed by a layer of material which forms the third dielectric region. 13. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a buried vertical-gate transistor, wherein said buried vertical-gate transistor comprises a vertical gate formed by a layer of material which forms the first conductive region. 14. A process for fabricating an integrated circuit on a semiconductor substrate having a front face, said integrated circuit including a capacitive element, comprising:
etching a trench in the semiconductor substrate from the front face and filling the trench with a dielectric material to forming a first dielectric region in the semiconductor substrate; forming a first conductive region on a surface of the first dielectric region at the front face; forming a second dielectric region on the first conductive region; forming a second conductive region on the second dielectric region; forming a third dielectric region on the first conductive region; and forming a third conductive region on the third dielectric region; wherein the capacitive element comprises a first electrode formed by the first conductive region and the third conductive region which are electrically connected to each other, and a second electrode formed by the second conductive region. 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the first conductive region takes place together with forming a conductive gate region of a buried vertical-gate transistor. 16. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the second dielectric region takes place together with forming a high-voltage gate oxide of a high-voltage transistor. 17. The process according to claim 16, wherein forming the second dielectric region includes forming a high-voltage oxide layer having a thickness of between 10 nm and 20 nm. 18. The process according to claim 14, wherein:
forming the second dielectric region takes place together with forming a tunnel oxide layer of a floating-gate transistor; forming the second conductive region takes place together with forming a conductive floating-gate region of the floating-gate transistor; forming the third dielectric region takes place together with forming a control-gate dielectric layer of the floating-gate transistor; and forming the third conductive region takes place together with forming a control-gate conductive region of the floating-gate transistor. 19. The process according to claim 18, wherein forming the second dielectric region includes forming a tunnel oxide layer having a thickness of between 5 nm and 15 nm. 20. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the third dielectric region includes forming a stack of a silicon oxide layer, of a silicon nitride layer and of a silicon oxide layer, the stack having a thickness of between 10 nm and 17 nm. 21. The process according to claim 14, wherein forming the first conductive region, forming the second conductive region and forming the third conductive region each comprise depositing polycrystalline silicon. 22. The process according to claim 14, wherein fabricating said capacitive element is incorporated with fabricating an analog or radiofrequency-receiver device of the integrated circuit. | 2,800 |
343,467 | 16,802,880 | 2,812 | Mechanisms of cloning containers to spawn offspring, orchestrate new containers on different execution environments, and enabling intra-container communication while maintaining parent-child relationships are disclosed. | 1. A method, comprising:
pausing a container running on a host; generating a checkpoint image of the running container, wherein the checkpoint image is stored in a checkpoint image storage; restoring the checkpoint image into a clone container on a second host; and resuming operation of the clone container at a point where the running container was paused. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising invoking a library, wherein the library identifies an environment for the clone container, the environment including the second host. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the checkpoint image in a list maintained by a controller, wherein the list identifies a tree of containers that include a parent container and children of the container. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising cloning the clone container by generating a second checkpoint image of the clone container and restoring the second checkpoint image into a second clone container, wherein the second clone container is a child of the clone container. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second checkpoint image is an incremental checkpoint image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second host comprises specialized hardware. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the running container is paused in response to a call that is synchronous, wherein the clone container resumes operation only when a response to the call is received by the clone container. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after resuming operation of the clone container, killing the running container or resuming operation of the running container. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a communication channel for the running container and the clone container, wherein the communication channel includes one of a message bus or a default hostname and port. 10. The method of claim 3, further comprising terminating, live-migrating or backing up all containers associated with a portion of the tree using the list. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
pausing a container running on a host; generating a checkpoint image of the running container, wherein the checkpoint image is stored in a checkpoint image storage; restoring the checkpoint image into a clone container on a second host; and resuming operation of the clone container at a point where the running container was paused. 12. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising invoking a library, wherein the library identifies an environment for the clone container, the environment including the second host. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising storing the checkpoint image in a list maintained by a controller, wherein the list identifies a tree of containers that include a parent container and children of the container. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising cloning the clone container by generating a second checkpoint image of the clone container and restoring the second checkpoint image into a second clone container, wherein the second clone container is a child of the clone container. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, wherein the second checkpoint image is an incremental checkpoint image. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the second host comprises specialized hardware. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the running container is paused in response to a call that is synchronous, wherein the clone container resumes operation only when a response to the call is received by the clone container. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising, after resuming operation of the clone container, killing the running container or resuming operation of the running container. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising establishing a communication channel for the running container and the clone container, wherein the communication channel includes one of a message bus or a default hostname and port. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 113, the operations further comprising terminating, live-migrating or backing up all containers associated with a portion of the tree using the list. | Mechanisms of cloning containers to spawn offspring, orchestrate new containers on different execution environments, and enabling intra-container communication while maintaining parent-child relationships are disclosed.1. A method, comprising:
pausing a container running on a host; generating a checkpoint image of the running container, wherein the checkpoint image is stored in a checkpoint image storage; restoring the checkpoint image into a clone container on a second host; and resuming operation of the clone container at a point where the running container was paused. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising invoking a library, wherein the library identifies an environment for the clone container, the environment including the second host. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the checkpoint image in a list maintained by a controller, wherein the list identifies a tree of containers that include a parent container and children of the container. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising cloning the clone container by generating a second checkpoint image of the clone container and restoring the second checkpoint image into a second clone container, wherein the second clone container is a child of the clone container. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second checkpoint image is an incremental checkpoint image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second host comprises specialized hardware. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the running container is paused in response to a call that is synchronous, wherein the clone container resumes operation only when a response to the call is received by the clone container. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after resuming operation of the clone container, killing the running container or resuming operation of the running container. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a communication channel for the running container and the clone container, wherein the communication channel includes one of a message bus or a default hostname and port. 10. The method of claim 3, further comprising terminating, live-migrating or backing up all containers associated with a portion of the tree using the list. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
pausing a container running on a host; generating a checkpoint image of the running container, wherein the checkpoint image is stored in a checkpoint image storage; restoring the checkpoint image into a clone container on a second host; and resuming operation of the clone container at a point where the running container was paused. 12. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising invoking a library, wherein the library identifies an environment for the clone container, the environment including the second host. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising storing the checkpoint image in a list maintained by a controller, wherein the list identifies a tree of containers that include a parent container and children of the container. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising cloning the clone container by generating a second checkpoint image of the clone container and restoring the second checkpoint image into a second clone container, wherein the second clone container is a child of the clone container. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 14, wherein the second checkpoint image is an incremental checkpoint image. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the second host comprises specialized hardware. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, wherein the running container is paused in response to a call that is synchronous, wherein the clone container resumes operation only when a response to the call is received by the clone container. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising, after resuming operation of the clone container, killing the running container or resuming operation of the running container. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising establishing a communication channel for the running container and the clone container, wherein the communication channel includes one of a message bus or a default hostname and port. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 113, the operations further comprising terminating, live-migrating or backing up all containers associated with a portion of the tree using the list. | 2,800 |
343,468 | 16,802,878 | 2,812 | A printer paper drawer door closing mechanism includes a fixed chassis defining a chassis plane, a lever arm joined to the chassis and pivotable about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state. A first bearing surface extends from the lever arm at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface extending from the lever arm at a second lever arm distance. The first bearing surface is at a bearing surface distance from the second bearing surface. An energy storage element is integrated with the lever arm. A cam plate is translatable toward and away from the lever arm and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state to a second cam limit state. The cam plate includes a first cam surface extending from the cam plate and a second cam surface extending from the cam plate, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the copier chassis plane and co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface is oriented at a negative angle relative to the copier chassis plane and co-planar with the second bearing surface. The distance separating the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is substantially equal to the distance separating a distal end of the first cam surface and a proximal end of the second cam surface. | 1. A door closing mechanism, comprising
a lever arm joined to a fixed surface at a proximal portion and pivotable about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state, the lever arm comprising a first bearing surface at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface at a second lever arm distance; an energy storage element operably integrated with the lever arm; a cam plate being translatable toward the lever arm from a first cam position to a second cam position and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state at the first cam position, the cam plate comprising a first cam surface and a second cam surface, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the fixed surface and aligned generally co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface being oriented at a negative angle relative to the fixed surface and aligned generally co-planar with the second bearing surface; and wherein, the energy storage element has a first potential energy state at the first cam position and a second, higher potential energy state at the second cam position. 2. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface are linearly aligned with the lever arm pivot axis. 3. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein one of the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is a roller bearing. 4. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the energy storage element is a spring. 5. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the energy storage element is a torsion spring having a torsion spring axis generally parallel to the lever arm pivot axis. 6. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein at the second cam position the second bearing surface is in contact with the second cam surface. 7. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first cam surface is generally linear. 8. A door closing mechanism, comprising
a fixed chassis defining a chassis plane; a lever arm joined to the fixed chassis and pivotable at a proximal portion about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state, the lever arm comprising a first bearing surface at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface at a second lever arm distance, the first bearing surface being disposed a bearing surface distance from the second bearing surface; an energy storage element operably integrated with the lever arm; a cam plate being translatable toward the lever arm from a first cam position to a second cam position and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state to a second cam limit state, the cam plate comprising a first cam surface and a second cam surface, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface being oriented at a negative angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the second bearing surface; and
wherein the bearing surface distance is substantially equal to a cam surface distance separating a distal end of the first cam surface and a proximal end of the second cam surface. 9. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface are linearly aligned with the lever arm pivot axis. 10. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein one of the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is a roller bearing. 11. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the energy storage element is a spring. 12. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the energy storage element is a torsion spring having a torsion spring axis generally parallel to the lever arm pivot axis. 13. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the first cam surface is generally linear. 14. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the energy storage element has a first potential energy state at the first cam position and a second, higher potential energy state at the second cam position. 15. A door closing apparatus for a document processing device, comprising
a document processing device chassis defining a chassis plane; a drawer translatably mounted on the document processing device chassis at the chassis plane and translatable from a first open state to a second intermediate state and to a third closed state; a lever arm joined to the document processing device chassis and pivotable at a proximal portion about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state, the lever arm comprising a first bearing surface extending outwardly from the lever arm at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface extending outwardly from the lever arm at a second lever arm distance, the first bearing surface being disposed a bearing surface distance from the second bearing surface; an energy storage element operably integrated with the lever arm; a cam plate joined to the drawer and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state to a second cam limit state, the cam plate comprising a first cam surface extending outwardly from the cam plate and a second cam surface extending outwardly from the cam plate, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface being oriented at a negative angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the second bearing surface; and
wherein upon translating the drawer under a first force from the first open state to the second intermediate state the first cam surface engages the first bearing surface to cause the lever arm to pivot about the lever arm pivot axis and store energy in the energy storage element; and
upon translating the drawer under the first force from the second intermediate state the first bearing surface disengages the first cam surface and the second bearing surface engages the second cam surface and exerts a second force released from the energy storage element to urge the drawer to the third closed state. 16. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface are linearly aligned with the lever arm pivot axis. 17. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein one of the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is a roller bearing. 18. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the energy storage element is a spring. 19. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the energy storage element is a torsion spring having a torsion spring axis generally parallel to the lever arm pivot axis. 20. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cam surface is generally linear. | A printer paper drawer door closing mechanism includes a fixed chassis defining a chassis plane, a lever arm joined to the chassis and pivotable about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state. A first bearing surface extends from the lever arm at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface extending from the lever arm at a second lever arm distance. The first bearing surface is at a bearing surface distance from the second bearing surface. An energy storage element is integrated with the lever arm. A cam plate is translatable toward and away from the lever arm and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state to a second cam limit state. The cam plate includes a first cam surface extending from the cam plate and a second cam surface extending from the cam plate, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the copier chassis plane and co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface is oriented at a negative angle relative to the copier chassis plane and co-planar with the second bearing surface. The distance separating the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is substantially equal to the distance separating a distal end of the first cam surface and a proximal end of the second cam surface.1. A door closing mechanism, comprising
a lever arm joined to a fixed surface at a proximal portion and pivotable about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state, the lever arm comprising a first bearing surface at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface at a second lever arm distance; an energy storage element operably integrated with the lever arm; a cam plate being translatable toward the lever arm from a first cam position to a second cam position and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state at the first cam position, the cam plate comprising a first cam surface and a second cam surface, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the fixed surface and aligned generally co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface being oriented at a negative angle relative to the fixed surface and aligned generally co-planar with the second bearing surface; and wherein, the energy storage element has a first potential energy state at the first cam position and a second, higher potential energy state at the second cam position. 2. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface are linearly aligned with the lever arm pivot axis. 3. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein one of the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is a roller bearing. 4. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the energy storage element is a spring. 5. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the energy storage element is a torsion spring having a torsion spring axis generally parallel to the lever arm pivot axis. 6. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein at the second cam position the second bearing surface is in contact with the second cam surface. 7. The door closing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first cam surface is generally linear. 8. A door closing mechanism, comprising
a fixed chassis defining a chassis plane; a lever arm joined to the fixed chassis and pivotable at a proximal portion about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state, the lever arm comprising a first bearing surface at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface at a second lever arm distance, the first bearing surface being disposed a bearing surface distance from the second bearing surface; an energy storage element operably integrated with the lever arm; a cam plate being translatable toward the lever arm from a first cam position to a second cam position and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state to a second cam limit state, the cam plate comprising a first cam surface and a second cam surface, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface being oriented at a negative angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the second bearing surface; and
wherein the bearing surface distance is substantially equal to a cam surface distance separating a distal end of the first cam surface and a proximal end of the second cam surface. 9. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface are linearly aligned with the lever arm pivot axis. 10. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein one of the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is a roller bearing. 11. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the energy storage element is a spring. 12. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the energy storage element is a torsion spring having a torsion spring axis generally parallel to the lever arm pivot axis. 13. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the first cam surface is generally linear. 14. The door closing mechanism of claim 8, wherein the energy storage element has a first potential energy state at the first cam position and a second, higher potential energy state at the second cam position. 15. A door closing apparatus for a document processing device, comprising
a document processing device chassis defining a chassis plane; a drawer translatably mounted on the document processing device chassis at the chassis plane and translatable from a first open state to a second intermediate state and to a third closed state; a lever arm joined to the document processing device chassis and pivotable at a proximal portion about a lever arm pivot axis from a first lever arm limit state to a second lever arm limit state, the lever arm comprising a first bearing surface extending outwardly from the lever arm at a first lever arm distance and a second bearing surface extending outwardly from the lever arm at a second lever arm distance, the first bearing surface being disposed a bearing surface distance from the second bearing surface; an energy storage element operably integrated with the lever arm; a cam plate joined to the drawer and pivotable about a cam plate pivot axis from a first cam limit state to a second cam limit state, the cam plate comprising a first cam surface extending outwardly from the cam plate and a second cam surface extending outwardly from the cam plate, the first cam surface being oriented at a positive angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the first bearing surface, the second cam surface being oriented at a negative angle relative to the chassis plane and aligned generally co-planar with the second bearing surface; and
wherein upon translating the drawer under a first force from the first open state to the second intermediate state the first cam surface engages the first bearing surface to cause the lever arm to pivot about the lever arm pivot axis and store energy in the energy storage element; and
upon translating the drawer under the first force from the second intermediate state the first bearing surface disengages the first cam surface and the second bearing surface engages the second cam surface and exerts a second force released from the energy storage element to urge the drawer to the third closed state. 16. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface are linearly aligned with the lever arm pivot axis. 17. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein one of the first bearing surface and the second bearing surface is a roller bearing. 18. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the energy storage element is a spring. 19. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the energy storage element is a torsion spring having a torsion spring axis generally parallel to the lever arm pivot axis. 20. The door closing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cam surface is generally linear. | 2,800 |
343,469 | 16,802,856 | 2,812 | In the case of a method or an arrangement for the automatic start up of a first communication terminal (EG A, EG B) configured for voice communication on at least one second communication terminal (CL A, CL B) configured for text communication, the voice communication between communication terminals is conveyed via at least one voice communication server (SCS) and the text communication between communication terminals is conveyed via at least one text communication server (TCS). The at least one voice communication server (SCS) and the at least one text communication server (TCS) exchange information via at least one conversion device (GW). The start up of at least one first communication terminal (CL A, CL B) is effected via the at least one text communication server (TCS), the at least one conversion device (GW) and the at least one voice communication server (SCS) to at least one second voice communication terminal (EG A, EG B). | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for automatic transmission of information on status and status change upon a status change of at least one first communication terminal configured for speech communication in which the speech communication between communications terminals is processed over at least one speech communications server (SCS) and text communication between communications terminals is processed over at least one text communications server (TCS), the method comprising:
signaling a status change of the at least one first communication terminal via the at least one text communication server, at least one converter device communicatively connected between the at least one text communication server and the at least one speech communication server, and the at least one speech communication server to a second communication terminal such that startup signaling information is transmitted between the text communication server and the speech communication server after the speech communication server had previously signaled to the text communication server that the startup should occur via a signaling process comprising:
upon the first communication terminal signing on to the speech communication server, the speech communication server receiving a request from the first communication terminal requesting characteristics of the speech communication server via a discovery service so that the speech communication server identifies a first service related to exchanging of data between the first communication terminal and the second communication terminal that the text communication server supports;
the speech communication server responding to a request for the first service received from the first communication terminal by providing a status of the at least one converter device and an identifier assigned to the first communication terminal so a direct presence message is sendable by the first communication terminal to the at least one converter device to force the speech communication server to inform the converter device when the first communication terminal is no longer available. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the startup signaling information is transmitted between the text communication server and the speech communication server as specified in a prior signal. 13. The method of claim 11, comprising:
transmitting of at least one piece of startup signaling information to the second communication terminal. 14. The method of claim 11, comprising:
at least the speech communication server (SCS) transmitting messages without prompting. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one first communication terminal is a Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) server and that the transmission of information is for startup of a CTI functionality. 16. A communication apparatus comprising:
at least one first communication terminal configured for text communication; at least one second communication terminal configured for speech communication, at least one text communication server to process text communication; at least one speech communication server to process speech communication; at least one converter device through which messages are exchangeable between the at least one speech communication server and the at least one text communication server, wherein the communication apparatus is configured such that startup information on status change for startup of the at least the first communication terminal is transmitted through the at least one text communication server, the at least one converter device, and the at least one speech communications server to the at least one second communication terminal such that startup signaling information is transmitted between the speech communication server (SCS) and the text communication server after the speech communication server had previously signaled to the text communication server that transmission of the signaling information should occur. 17. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein the startup signaling information is transmitted between the speech communication server and the text communication server to an extent specified by a previous signaling. 18. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein at least one piece of startup signaling information transmitted to the at least one second communication terminal, the at least one piece of startup signaling information comprising at least one piece of operating information. 19. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least the speech communication server is configured to transmit messages without prompting. 20. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one first communication terminal is a Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) server and that the transmission of information is for startup of a CTI functionality. 21. A communication apparatus comprising:
a call control gateway configured to be connected between at least one speech communication server and at least one text communication server to facilitate an exchange of messages between the speech communication server and the text communication server, the speech communication server configured to be communicatively connected to first communication terminals to facilitate speech communications between the first communication terminals via the speech communication server and the text communication server configured to be communicatively connected to second communication terminals to facilitate text communications between the second communication terminals via the text communication server; the call control gateway configured to facilitate automatic startup of at least one service for the first communication terminals by exchanging capabilities messages between the speech communication server and the text communication server such that the speech communication server learns of the capabilities of the text communication server and the text communication server learns of the capabilities of the speech communication server via the exchanged capabilities messages so that the speech communication server and the text communication server are synchronizable to marry speech service with presence service for users of the first and second communication terminals. 22. The communication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the call control gateway is configured so that the capabilities messages are exchangeable prior to an automatic startup of services assigned to a first user of the at least one of the first communication terminals and at least one of the second communication terminals. 23. The communication apparatus of claim 22, wherein status change information for at least one of the first communication terminals is included in the capabilities messages prior to the startup of the services assigned to the first user. 24. The communication apparatus of claim 23, wherein the call control gateway is configured such that the exchange of capabilities messages occurs so that registration procedures for starting or restarting of a service for the user is avoided. 25. The communication apparatus of claim 24, wherein the call control gateway is configured to facilitate the exchange of capabilities messages to occur after the speech communication server previously signaled to the text communication server that the exchange of capabilities messages should occur. 26. The communication apparatus of claim 25, wherein the call control gateway is configured to facilitate the exchange of capabilities messages to such that a change in status of the first communication terminal assigned to the first user is communicatable to a second communication terminal assigned to a second user without manual input from the first user via the second communication terminal assigned to the first user occurring to effect a communication of that change in status. 27. The communication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the speech communication server is a private branch exchange or a switching system having a feature processor and a local area network device handler and the text communication server is one of an instant messaging server and a presence server. 28. The communication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the call control gateway is also configured to facilitate automatic startup of at least one service for the second communication terminals by exchanging capabilities messages between the speech communication server and the text communication server such that the speech communication server learns of the capabilities of the text communication server and the text communication server learns of the capabilities of the speech communication server via the exchanged capabilities messages so that the speech communication server and the text communication server are synchronizable to marry speech service with presence service for users of the first and second communication terminals in response to a second communication terminal signaling the text communication server to ask about characteristics of the text communication server relating to possible functionality of the text communication server. 29. The communication apparatus of claim 28, comprising:
the speech communication server and the text communication server, the speech communication server being configured as a switching system having a feature processor and a local area network device handler, the text communication server being an instant messaging server or a presence server. 30. The communication apparatus of claim 29, comprising:
the first and second communication terminals, the first communication terminals being configured to facilitate speech communications, the second communication terminals being configured to facilitate text communications; each of the first communication terminals configured to sign on to the text communication server and request characteristics of the text communication server via a discovery service so that the text communication server identifies a service related to exchanging of data between the first communication terminal and the second communication terminal that the text communication server supports; each of the first communication terminals configured to request a first service from the text communication service in response to learning of the service supported by the text communication server; the text communication server configured to respond to the request for the first service by providing a status of the call control gateway and an identifier assigned to the first communication terminal; and the call control gateway configured to receive a direct presence message from the first communication terminal after the first communication terminal receives the status of the call control gateway to force the text communication server to inform the call control gateway when the first communication device is no longer available. | In the case of a method or an arrangement for the automatic start up of a first communication terminal (EG A, EG B) configured for voice communication on at least one second communication terminal (CL A, CL B) configured for text communication, the voice communication between communication terminals is conveyed via at least one voice communication server (SCS) and the text communication between communication terminals is conveyed via at least one text communication server (TCS). The at least one voice communication server (SCS) and the at least one text communication server (TCS) exchange information via at least one conversion device (GW). The start up of at least one first communication terminal (CL A, CL B) is effected via the at least one text communication server (TCS), the at least one conversion device (GW) and the at least one voice communication server (SCS) to at least one second voice communication terminal (EG A, EG B).1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for automatic transmission of information on status and status change upon a status change of at least one first communication terminal configured for speech communication in which the speech communication between communications terminals is processed over at least one speech communications server (SCS) and text communication between communications terminals is processed over at least one text communications server (TCS), the method comprising:
signaling a status change of the at least one first communication terminal via the at least one text communication server, at least one converter device communicatively connected between the at least one text communication server and the at least one speech communication server, and the at least one speech communication server to a second communication terminal such that startup signaling information is transmitted between the text communication server and the speech communication server after the speech communication server had previously signaled to the text communication server that the startup should occur via a signaling process comprising:
upon the first communication terminal signing on to the speech communication server, the speech communication server receiving a request from the first communication terminal requesting characteristics of the speech communication server via a discovery service so that the speech communication server identifies a first service related to exchanging of data between the first communication terminal and the second communication terminal that the text communication server supports;
the speech communication server responding to a request for the first service received from the first communication terminal by providing a status of the at least one converter device and an identifier assigned to the first communication terminal so a direct presence message is sendable by the first communication terminal to the at least one converter device to force the speech communication server to inform the converter device when the first communication terminal is no longer available. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the startup signaling information is transmitted between the text communication server and the speech communication server as specified in a prior signal. 13. The method of claim 11, comprising:
transmitting of at least one piece of startup signaling information to the second communication terminal. 14. The method of claim 11, comprising:
at least the speech communication server (SCS) transmitting messages without prompting. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one first communication terminal is a Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) server and that the transmission of information is for startup of a CTI functionality. 16. A communication apparatus comprising:
at least one first communication terminal configured for text communication; at least one second communication terminal configured for speech communication, at least one text communication server to process text communication; at least one speech communication server to process speech communication; at least one converter device through which messages are exchangeable between the at least one speech communication server and the at least one text communication server, wherein the communication apparatus is configured such that startup information on status change for startup of the at least the first communication terminal is transmitted through the at least one text communication server, the at least one converter device, and the at least one speech communications server to the at least one second communication terminal such that startup signaling information is transmitted between the speech communication server (SCS) and the text communication server after the speech communication server had previously signaled to the text communication server that transmission of the signaling information should occur. 17. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein the startup signaling information is transmitted between the speech communication server and the text communication server to an extent specified by a previous signaling. 18. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein at least one piece of startup signaling information transmitted to the at least one second communication terminal, the at least one piece of startup signaling information comprising at least one piece of operating information. 19. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least the speech communication server is configured to transmit messages without prompting. 20. The communication apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one first communication terminal is a Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) server and that the transmission of information is for startup of a CTI functionality. 21. A communication apparatus comprising:
a call control gateway configured to be connected between at least one speech communication server and at least one text communication server to facilitate an exchange of messages between the speech communication server and the text communication server, the speech communication server configured to be communicatively connected to first communication terminals to facilitate speech communications between the first communication terminals via the speech communication server and the text communication server configured to be communicatively connected to second communication terminals to facilitate text communications between the second communication terminals via the text communication server; the call control gateway configured to facilitate automatic startup of at least one service for the first communication terminals by exchanging capabilities messages between the speech communication server and the text communication server such that the speech communication server learns of the capabilities of the text communication server and the text communication server learns of the capabilities of the speech communication server via the exchanged capabilities messages so that the speech communication server and the text communication server are synchronizable to marry speech service with presence service for users of the first and second communication terminals. 22. The communication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the call control gateway is configured so that the capabilities messages are exchangeable prior to an automatic startup of services assigned to a first user of the at least one of the first communication terminals and at least one of the second communication terminals. 23. The communication apparatus of claim 22, wherein status change information for at least one of the first communication terminals is included in the capabilities messages prior to the startup of the services assigned to the first user. 24. The communication apparatus of claim 23, wherein the call control gateway is configured such that the exchange of capabilities messages occurs so that registration procedures for starting or restarting of a service for the user is avoided. 25. The communication apparatus of claim 24, wherein the call control gateway is configured to facilitate the exchange of capabilities messages to occur after the speech communication server previously signaled to the text communication server that the exchange of capabilities messages should occur. 26. The communication apparatus of claim 25, wherein the call control gateway is configured to facilitate the exchange of capabilities messages to such that a change in status of the first communication terminal assigned to the first user is communicatable to a second communication terminal assigned to a second user without manual input from the first user via the second communication terminal assigned to the first user occurring to effect a communication of that change in status. 27. The communication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the speech communication server is a private branch exchange or a switching system having a feature processor and a local area network device handler and the text communication server is one of an instant messaging server and a presence server. 28. The communication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the call control gateway is also configured to facilitate automatic startup of at least one service for the second communication terminals by exchanging capabilities messages between the speech communication server and the text communication server such that the speech communication server learns of the capabilities of the text communication server and the text communication server learns of the capabilities of the speech communication server via the exchanged capabilities messages so that the speech communication server and the text communication server are synchronizable to marry speech service with presence service for users of the first and second communication terminals in response to a second communication terminal signaling the text communication server to ask about characteristics of the text communication server relating to possible functionality of the text communication server. 29. The communication apparatus of claim 28, comprising:
the speech communication server and the text communication server, the speech communication server being configured as a switching system having a feature processor and a local area network device handler, the text communication server being an instant messaging server or a presence server. 30. The communication apparatus of claim 29, comprising:
the first and second communication terminals, the first communication terminals being configured to facilitate speech communications, the second communication terminals being configured to facilitate text communications; each of the first communication terminals configured to sign on to the text communication server and request characteristics of the text communication server via a discovery service so that the text communication server identifies a service related to exchanging of data between the first communication terminal and the second communication terminal that the text communication server supports; each of the first communication terminals configured to request a first service from the text communication service in response to learning of the service supported by the text communication server; the text communication server configured to respond to the request for the first service by providing a status of the call control gateway and an identifier assigned to the first communication terminal; and the call control gateway configured to receive a direct presence message from the first communication terminal after the first communication terminal receives the status of the call control gateway to force the text communication server to inform the call control gateway when the first communication device is no longer available. | 2,800 |
343,470 | 16,802,879 | 2,812 | A floor panel for forming a floor covering, wherein the floor covering consists of floor panels, which, on at least one pair of edges, are provided with coupling parts. The coupling parts substantially are manufactured from the material of the floor panel, and the coupling parts are configured such that two such floor panels, at the pair of edges, can be installed and locked to each other by means of a downward movement and/or by means of the fold-down principle. | 1. A floor panel for forming a floor covering,
wherein this floor panel comprises a first pair of opposite edges, as well as a second pair of opposite edges; wherein the first pair of opposite edges comprises coupling parts, which allow that two of such floor panels mutually can be coupled to each other, and wherein said coupling parts show the following characteristics: the coupling parts comprise a horizontally active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking in the plane of the floor panels and perpendicular to the respective edges; the coupling parts also comprise a vertically active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking transverse to the plane of the floor panels; the coupling parts substantially are realized from the material of the floor panel itself; and the coupling parts are configured such that two of such panels can be coupled to each other at these edges by means of a turning movement; wherein the second pair of opposite edges also comprises coupling parts on both edges, which allow that two of such floor panels mutually can be coupled to each other, wherein said coupling parts show the following characteristics: the coupling parts comprise a horizontally active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking in the plane of the floor panels and perpendicular to the respective edges; the coupling parts also comprise a vertically active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking transverse to the plane of the floor panels; the coupling parts substantially are realized from the material of the floor panel itself; the horizontally active locking system of the second pair of edges is formed at least of an upward-directed lower hook-shaped part which is situated on one of said two edges, as well as a downward-directed upper hook-shaped part, which is situated on the opposite edge, wherein the lower hook-shaped part consists of a lip with an upward-directed locking element, which proximally thereof defines a female part in the form of a recess, whereas the upper hook-shaped part consists of a lip with a downward-directed locking element forming a male part; the coupling parts are configured such that two of such floor panels can be coupled to each other at their respective edges by means of a downward movement of the one floor panel in respect to the other; the horizontally active locking system comprises horizontally active locking parts, which by means of respective contact surfaces, define at least a first contact zone, the horizontally active locking parts comprise a first locking part at the proximal side of the downward-directed locking element as well as a third locking part at the proximal side of the upward-directed locking element; the first and third locking part, in the coupled condition of two of such floor panels, define said first contact zone, while having contact surfaces which, in coupled condition, define at least one inclined tangent line; there is a horizontal locking but no vertical locking in the first contact zone; the vertically active locking system comprises vertically active locking parts, which, by means of respective contact surfaces, define at least a second contact zone, the aforementioned vertically active locking parts comprise a second locking part at the distal side of the male part, as well as a fourth locking part at the proximal end of the upward-directed lower hook-shaped part; the second and fourth locking part, in the coupled condition of two of such floor panels, define said second contact zone, while having contact surfaces, which, in the coupled condition, also define at least one inclined tangent line; the lower hook-shaped part comprises at the distal side of its distal end a locking part, wherein a locking part is provided at the proximal end of the male part; wherein in coupled condition at their second pair of opposite edges of two such panels, a vertically active locking is provided by engagement of the locking part at the distal side of the distal end of the lower hook-shaped part with the locking part at the proximal end of the male part. 2. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein in coupled condition at their second pair of opposite edges of two such panels, a vertically active locking is provided by engagement of one behind the other of the locking part at the distal side of the distal end of the lower hook-shaped part and the locking part at the proximal end of the male part. 3. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the locking part provided at the proximal end of the male part comprises or is provided by a protrusion. 4. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the locking part at the distal side of the distal end of the lower-hook-shaped part comprises or is provided by a recess or an undercut. 5. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein at the lower side of the lower hook-shaped part, a recess is present which extends from a certain location at the lower side up to the end of the lower hook-shaped part. 6. The floor panel of claim 5, wherein seen in cross-section, said location is situated proximally from the upward-directed locking element. 7. The floor panel of claim 5, wherein the recess consists of a recessed portion, which is recessed in respect to the actual lower side of the floor panel, and a transition portion, which is situated between the actual lower side and the recessed portion and which provides for a gradual transition. 8. The floor panel of claim 5, wherein the recess allows a bending of the lip of the lower hook-shaped part in downward direction. 9. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the second pair of edges also shows the following characteristics:
at the male part, at a height lower than the second contact zone, a contact surface is provided, which, in the coupled condition, together with a contact surface on the then coupled floor panel, forms a support point which limits the movement of the male part in downward direction; and the contact surfaces forming said support point are situated on the lower side of the male part and on the upper side of the lip of the lower hook-shaped part, respectively, wherein in coupled condition, distally from this support point a space is present between the lower side of the male part and the upper side of said lip, wherein this space is formed in that a portion of the upper side of the lip is situated deeper than the support point. 10. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the second locking part comprises or consists of a recess at the distal side of the male part. 11. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the fourth locking part comprises or consists of a protrusion at the proximal end of the upward-directed lower hook-shaped part. 12. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the upward-directed locking element, the downward-directed locking element and the pertaining contact surfaces of the first contact zone are configured such that the upward-directed locking element with its pertaining contact surface in the coupled condition adopts a somewhat tilted position in respect to the position which this contact surface adopts in the free condition; and that both contact surfaces of the first contact zone in the not-coupled condition mutually are oriented deviating in such a manner that in the coupled condition a less deviating or not deviating orientation in mutual respect is obtained. 13. The floor panel of claim 12, wherein the contact surfaces of the first contact zone in coupled condition coincide with each other or approximately coincide with each other. 14. The floor panel of clam 12, wherein the aforementioned contact surfaces, when for their free condition the contours thereof are presented over each other, approach each other in downward direction or, in other words, provide for a decreasing overlap in downward direction. 15. The floor panel of claim 14, wherein the aforementioned contact surfaces substantially are flat and that, when for their free condition the contours of the coupling parts are presented over each other, the respective contact surfaces show an angle difference of 2 to 10 degrees. 16. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein at the second pair of edges, the lip of the lower hook-shaped part, seen in a cross-section transverse to the respective edge, comprises a first longitudinal portion, being the portion extending from the proximal end of the lower hook-shaped part up to the location where the upward-directed locking element is starting, and comprises a second longitudinal portion, which is defined as being the most distal 75% of the first longitudinal portion, wherein the lip is reduced in thickness by at least 5% inside the aforementioned second longitudinal portion. 17. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the floor panel is a laminate floor panel, comprising one or more of wood-based material, MDF, HDF, prefabricated wood panels or engineered wood. 18. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein floor panel comprises a hard synthetic material-based substrate. 19. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the tangent line, which is determined by said second contact zone, forms an angle with the horizontal which is smaller than 45°. 20. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the tangent line which is defined by the first and third locking part is steeper in respect to the plane of the floor panel than the tangent line which is defined by the second and fourth locking part, or, in other words, the angle of the first-mentioned tangent line with the horizontal is larger than the angle of the second-mentioned tangent line with the horizontal. 21. The floor panel of claim 20, wherein the difference between both mentioned angles is at least 5 degrees. 22. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the tangent line T1 of the first contact zone has an angle with the horizontal direction larger than 75°. 23. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the floor panel is rectangular, wherein the coupling parts are configured such that the floor panels can be installed in a floor covering by means of the fold-down installation method. 24. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein at the male and at the female part, rounded portions are formed, which are configured such that the male part, during the downward movement thereof, automatically is guided into the female part, this during a joining according to the fold-down principle or during a joining via a plane-parallel downward movement. | A floor panel for forming a floor covering, wherein the floor covering consists of floor panels, which, on at least one pair of edges, are provided with coupling parts. The coupling parts substantially are manufactured from the material of the floor panel, and the coupling parts are configured such that two such floor panels, at the pair of edges, can be installed and locked to each other by means of a downward movement and/or by means of the fold-down principle.1. A floor panel for forming a floor covering,
wherein this floor panel comprises a first pair of opposite edges, as well as a second pair of opposite edges; wherein the first pair of opposite edges comprises coupling parts, which allow that two of such floor panels mutually can be coupled to each other, and wherein said coupling parts show the following characteristics: the coupling parts comprise a horizontally active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking in the plane of the floor panels and perpendicular to the respective edges; the coupling parts also comprise a vertically active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking transverse to the plane of the floor panels; the coupling parts substantially are realized from the material of the floor panel itself; and the coupling parts are configured such that two of such panels can be coupled to each other at these edges by means of a turning movement; wherein the second pair of opposite edges also comprises coupling parts on both edges, which allow that two of such floor panels mutually can be coupled to each other, wherein said coupling parts show the following characteristics: the coupling parts comprise a horizontally active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking in the plane of the floor panels and perpendicular to the respective edges; the coupling parts also comprise a vertically active locking system, which, in a coupled condition of two of such floor panels, effects a locking transverse to the plane of the floor panels; the coupling parts substantially are realized from the material of the floor panel itself; the horizontally active locking system of the second pair of edges is formed at least of an upward-directed lower hook-shaped part which is situated on one of said two edges, as well as a downward-directed upper hook-shaped part, which is situated on the opposite edge, wherein the lower hook-shaped part consists of a lip with an upward-directed locking element, which proximally thereof defines a female part in the form of a recess, whereas the upper hook-shaped part consists of a lip with a downward-directed locking element forming a male part; the coupling parts are configured such that two of such floor panels can be coupled to each other at their respective edges by means of a downward movement of the one floor panel in respect to the other; the horizontally active locking system comprises horizontally active locking parts, which by means of respective contact surfaces, define at least a first contact zone, the horizontally active locking parts comprise a first locking part at the proximal side of the downward-directed locking element as well as a third locking part at the proximal side of the upward-directed locking element; the first and third locking part, in the coupled condition of two of such floor panels, define said first contact zone, while having contact surfaces which, in coupled condition, define at least one inclined tangent line; there is a horizontal locking but no vertical locking in the first contact zone; the vertically active locking system comprises vertically active locking parts, which, by means of respective contact surfaces, define at least a second contact zone, the aforementioned vertically active locking parts comprise a second locking part at the distal side of the male part, as well as a fourth locking part at the proximal end of the upward-directed lower hook-shaped part; the second and fourth locking part, in the coupled condition of two of such floor panels, define said second contact zone, while having contact surfaces, which, in the coupled condition, also define at least one inclined tangent line; the lower hook-shaped part comprises at the distal side of its distal end a locking part, wherein a locking part is provided at the proximal end of the male part; wherein in coupled condition at their second pair of opposite edges of two such panels, a vertically active locking is provided by engagement of the locking part at the distal side of the distal end of the lower hook-shaped part with the locking part at the proximal end of the male part. 2. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein in coupled condition at their second pair of opposite edges of two such panels, a vertically active locking is provided by engagement of one behind the other of the locking part at the distal side of the distal end of the lower hook-shaped part and the locking part at the proximal end of the male part. 3. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the locking part provided at the proximal end of the male part comprises or is provided by a protrusion. 4. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the locking part at the distal side of the distal end of the lower-hook-shaped part comprises or is provided by a recess or an undercut. 5. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein at the lower side of the lower hook-shaped part, a recess is present which extends from a certain location at the lower side up to the end of the lower hook-shaped part. 6. The floor panel of claim 5, wherein seen in cross-section, said location is situated proximally from the upward-directed locking element. 7. The floor panel of claim 5, wherein the recess consists of a recessed portion, which is recessed in respect to the actual lower side of the floor panel, and a transition portion, which is situated between the actual lower side and the recessed portion and which provides for a gradual transition. 8. The floor panel of claim 5, wherein the recess allows a bending of the lip of the lower hook-shaped part in downward direction. 9. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the second pair of edges also shows the following characteristics:
at the male part, at a height lower than the second contact zone, a contact surface is provided, which, in the coupled condition, together with a contact surface on the then coupled floor panel, forms a support point which limits the movement of the male part in downward direction; and the contact surfaces forming said support point are situated on the lower side of the male part and on the upper side of the lip of the lower hook-shaped part, respectively, wherein in coupled condition, distally from this support point a space is present between the lower side of the male part and the upper side of said lip, wherein this space is formed in that a portion of the upper side of the lip is situated deeper than the support point. 10. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the second locking part comprises or consists of a recess at the distal side of the male part. 11. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the fourth locking part comprises or consists of a protrusion at the proximal end of the upward-directed lower hook-shaped part. 12. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the upward-directed locking element, the downward-directed locking element and the pertaining contact surfaces of the first contact zone are configured such that the upward-directed locking element with its pertaining contact surface in the coupled condition adopts a somewhat tilted position in respect to the position which this contact surface adopts in the free condition; and that both contact surfaces of the first contact zone in the not-coupled condition mutually are oriented deviating in such a manner that in the coupled condition a less deviating or not deviating orientation in mutual respect is obtained. 13. The floor panel of claim 12, wherein the contact surfaces of the first contact zone in coupled condition coincide with each other or approximately coincide with each other. 14. The floor panel of clam 12, wherein the aforementioned contact surfaces, when for their free condition the contours thereof are presented over each other, approach each other in downward direction or, in other words, provide for a decreasing overlap in downward direction. 15. The floor panel of claim 14, wherein the aforementioned contact surfaces substantially are flat and that, when for their free condition the contours of the coupling parts are presented over each other, the respective contact surfaces show an angle difference of 2 to 10 degrees. 16. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein at the second pair of edges, the lip of the lower hook-shaped part, seen in a cross-section transverse to the respective edge, comprises a first longitudinal portion, being the portion extending from the proximal end of the lower hook-shaped part up to the location where the upward-directed locking element is starting, and comprises a second longitudinal portion, which is defined as being the most distal 75% of the first longitudinal portion, wherein the lip is reduced in thickness by at least 5% inside the aforementioned second longitudinal portion. 17. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the floor panel is a laminate floor panel, comprising one or more of wood-based material, MDF, HDF, prefabricated wood panels or engineered wood. 18. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein floor panel comprises a hard synthetic material-based substrate. 19. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the tangent line, which is determined by said second contact zone, forms an angle with the horizontal which is smaller than 45°. 20. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the tangent line which is defined by the first and third locking part is steeper in respect to the plane of the floor panel than the tangent line which is defined by the second and fourth locking part, or, in other words, the angle of the first-mentioned tangent line with the horizontal is larger than the angle of the second-mentioned tangent line with the horizontal. 21. The floor panel of claim 20, wherein the difference between both mentioned angles is at least 5 degrees. 22. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the tangent line T1 of the first contact zone has an angle with the horizontal direction larger than 75°. 23. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein the floor panel is rectangular, wherein the coupling parts are configured such that the floor panels can be installed in a floor covering by means of the fold-down installation method. 24. The floor panel of claim 1, wherein at the male and at the female part, rounded portions are formed, which are configured such that the male part, during the downward movement thereof, automatically is guided into the female part, this during a joining according to the fold-down principle or during a joining via a plane-parallel downward movement. | 2,800 |
343,471 | 16,802,909 | 2,812 | A booting mode configuration method executable by an electronic device is disclosed. It is determined whether a configured booting mode is detected. If the configured booting mode is detected, a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode is performed. If the configured booting mode is not detected, it is determined whether an access point is detected for connection. When the access point is detected, a satellite mode of the electronic device is configured and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode is performed. When the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, it is determined whether a PADO packet or a DHCP Offer packet is received to configure the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode, and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode is performed. | 1. A booting mode configuration method executable by an electronic device, comprising:
determining whether a configured booting mode is detected; if the configured booting mode is detected, performing a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode; if the configured booting mode is not detected, determining whether an access point is detected for connection, wherein when the access point is detected, configuring the electronic device as a satellite mode and performing a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and when the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, determining whether a PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO) packet or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Offer packet is received to configure the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode, and performing a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the PADO packet is received and a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) connection is determined to be enabled according to the received PADO packet, configuring the electronic device as the base mode and performing a booting program corresponding to the base mode. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the DHCP Offer packet is received, a DHCP connection is determined to be enabled according to the received DHCP Offer, determining whether the electronic device is one of a plurality of devices in a mesh network. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
if the electronic device is determined to be one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configuring the electronic device as the satellite mode and performing the booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and if the electronic device is determined not one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configuring the electronic device as the base mode and performing the booting program corresponding to the base mode. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
defining an option field in the DHCP Offer packet from a router in the mesh network and determining whether the DHCP Offer packet comes from the router in the mesh network according to the option field. 6. An electronic device, comprising:
a configuring module, configured to configuring a booting mode of the electronic device; a determining module, configured to determine whether a configured booting mode is detected; and a performing module, configured to perform a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode if the configured booting mode is detected, wherein if the configured booting mode is not detected, the determining module further determines whether an access point is detected for connection; when the access point is detected, the configuring module configures the electronic device as a satellite mode and the performing module performs a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and when the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, the determining module determines whether a PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO) packet or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Offer packet is received, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode according to the received PADO packet or the received DHCP Offer, respectively, and the performing module performs a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein: if the PADO packet is received, the determining module determines that a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) connection is enabled, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the base mode, and the performing module performs a booting program corresponding to the base mode. 8. The device of claim 6, wherein: if the DHCP Offer packet is received, the determining module determines that a DHCP connection is enabled and determines whether the electronic device is one of a plurality of devices in a mesh network. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein:
if the electronic device is determined to be one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the satellite mode and the performing module performs the booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and if the electronic device is determined not one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the base mode and the performing module performs the booting program corresponding to the base mode. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the configuring module defines an option field in the DHCP Offer packet from a router in the mesh network for determining whether the DHCP Offer packet comes from the router in the mesh network. 11. A computer program product for execution on a booting mode configuration system, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprising:
an executable portion configured to determine whether a configured booting mode is detected; an executable portion configured to, if the configured booting mode is detected, perform a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode; an executable portion configured to, if the configured booting mode is not detected, determine whether an access point is detected for connection, wherein: when the access point is detected, the electronic device is configured as a satellite mode and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode is performed; and when the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, it is determined whether a PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO) packet or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Offer packet is received to configure the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode, and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode is performed. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to, if the PADO packet is received and a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) connection is determined to be enabled according to the received PADO packet, configure the electronic device as the base mode and perform a booting program corresponding to the base mode. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to, if the DHCP Offer packet is received a DHCP connection is determined to be enabled according to the received DHCP Offer, determine whether the electronic device is one of a plurality of devices in a mesh network. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to, if the electronic device is determined to be one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configure the electronic device as the satellite mode and perform the booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and an executable portion configured to, if the electronic device is determined not one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configure the electronic device as the base mode and performs the booting program corresponding to the base mode. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to define an option field in the DHCP Offer packet from a router in the mesh network and determine whether the DHCP Offer packet comes from the router in the mesh network according to the option field. | A booting mode configuration method executable by an electronic device is disclosed. It is determined whether a configured booting mode is detected. If the configured booting mode is detected, a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode is performed. If the configured booting mode is not detected, it is determined whether an access point is detected for connection. When the access point is detected, a satellite mode of the electronic device is configured and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode is performed. When the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, it is determined whether a PADO packet or a DHCP Offer packet is received to configure the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode, and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode is performed.1. A booting mode configuration method executable by an electronic device, comprising:
determining whether a configured booting mode is detected; if the configured booting mode is detected, performing a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode; if the configured booting mode is not detected, determining whether an access point is detected for connection, wherein when the access point is detected, configuring the electronic device as a satellite mode and performing a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and when the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, determining whether a PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO) packet or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Offer packet is received to configure the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode, and performing a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the PADO packet is received and a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) connection is determined to be enabled according to the received PADO packet, configuring the electronic device as the base mode and performing a booting program corresponding to the base mode. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the DHCP Offer packet is received, a DHCP connection is determined to be enabled according to the received DHCP Offer, determining whether the electronic device is one of a plurality of devices in a mesh network. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
if the electronic device is determined to be one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configuring the electronic device as the satellite mode and performing the booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and if the electronic device is determined not one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configuring the electronic device as the base mode and performing the booting program corresponding to the base mode. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
defining an option field in the DHCP Offer packet from a router in the mesh network and determining whether the DHCP Offer packet comes from the router in the mesh network according to the option field. 6. An electronic device, comprising:
a configuring module, configured to configuring a booting mode of the electronic device; a determining module, configured to determine whether a configured booting mode is detected; and a performing module, configured to perform a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode if the configured booting mode is detected, wherein if the configured booting mode is not detected, the determining module further determines whether an access point is detected for connection; when the access point is detected, the configuring module configures the electronic device as a satellite mode and the performing module performs a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and when the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, the determining module determines whether a PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO) packet or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Offer packet is received, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode according to the received PADO packet or the received DHCP Offer, respectively, and the performing module performs a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein: if the PADO packet is received, the determining module determines that a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) connection is enabled, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the base mode, and the performing module performs a booting program corresponding to the base mode. 8. The device of claim 6, wherein: if the DHCP Offer packet is received, the determining module determines that a DHCP connection is enabled and determines whether the electronic device is one of a plurality of devices in a mesh network. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein:
if the electronic device is determined to be one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the satellite mode and the performing module performs the booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and if the electronic device is determined not one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, the configuring module configures the electronic device as the base mode and the performing module performs the booting program corresponding to the base mode. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the configuring module defines an option field in the DHCP Offer packet from a router in the mesh network for determining whether the DHCP Offer packet comes from the router in the mesh network. 11. A computer program product for execution on a booting mode configuration system, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprising:
an executable portion configured to determine whether a configured booting mode is detected; an executable portion configured to, if the configured booting mode is detected, perform a booting program corresponding to the configured booting mode; an executable portion configured to, if the configured booting mode is not detected, determine whether an access point is detected for connection, wherein: when the access point is detected, the electronic device is configured as a satellite mode and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode is performed; and when the access point is not detected and a wired connection is enabled, it is determined whether a PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO) packet or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Offer packet is received to configure the electronic device as the satellite mode or a base mode, and a booting program corresponding to the satellite mode or the base mode is performed. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to, if the PADO packet is received and a Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) connection is determined to be enabled according to the received PADO packet, configure the electronic device as the base mode and perform a booting program corresponding to the base mode. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to, if the DHCP Offer packet is received a DHCP connection is determined to be enabled according to the received DHCP Offer, determine whether the electronic device is one of a plurality of devices in a mesh network. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to, if the electronic device is determined to be one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configure the electronic device as the satellite mode and perform the booting program corresponding to the satellite mode; and an executable portion configured to, if the electronic device is determined not one of the plurality of devices in the mesh network, configure the electronic device as the base mode and performs the booting program corresponding to the base mode. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable program code portions further comprises:
an executable portion configured to define an option field in the DHCP Offer packet from a router in the mesh network and determine whether the DHCP Offer packet comes from the router in the mesh network according to the option field. | 2,800 |
343,472 | 16,802,828 | 2,812 | According to one example, an optical element assembly includes a transparent rod, a mirror and a light emitting element. The rod transmits light of first wavelength region made incident on a first end of the rod and emits the light of the first wavelength region from a second end of the rod. The rod absorbs light of a second wavelength region falling out of the first wavelength region. The mirror is disposed on a side of the first end. The mirror transmits one of the light of the first and second wavelength regions, reflects the other. The light of the first and second wavelength regions are made incident on the first end of the rod. The light emitting element emits light of the second wavelength region made incident on the first end of the rod through the mirror. | 1. An optical element assembly comprising:
a transparent rod including a first end and a second end, the transparent rod being configured to transmit light of first wavelength region made incident on the first end and emit the light of the first wavelength region from the second end, and being configured to absorb light of a second wavelength region falling out of the first wavelength region; a mirror disposed on a side of the first end of the rod, being configured to transmit one of the light of the first wavelength region and the light of the second wavelength region, reflect the other, and the light of the first wavelength region and the light of the second wavelength region made incident on the first end of the rod; and a light emitting element configured to emit light of the second wavelength region, and the light of the second wavelength region made incident on the first end of the rod through the mirror. 2. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rod has a cylindrical shape. 3. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, wherein
the first wavelength region includes a wavelength region of visible light, and the second wavelength region includes a wavelength region of infrared rays. 4. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
a tubular heat radiator provided around an external circumference of the rod. 5. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, wherein the mirror includes a cube-shaped dichroic mirror. 6. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
a lens between the light emitting element and the mirror and configured to shape the light emitted from the light emitting element. 7. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
an adjustment element between the light emitting element and the mirror and configured to adjust intensity of the light made incident on the first end of the rod from the light emitting element through the mirror. 8. An optical imaging device comprising:
the optical element assembly according to claim 1; and an image sensor disposed in a position opposed to the second end of the rod and configured to image the light of the first wavelength region. 9. The optical imaging device according to claim 8, wherein wavelength of the first wavelength region is shorter than wavelength of the second wavelength region. 10. An optical processing device comprising:
the optical element assembly according to claim 1; and a light emitter configured to emit the light of the first wavelength region and configured to enter the light to the first end of the rod via the mirror, and emit the light from the second end of the rod. 11. The optical processing device according to claim 10, wherein
the second wavelength region includes a wavelength region of infrared rays, and the light of the first wavelength region includes laser light of wavelength region different from the infrared rays. 12. The optical processing device according to claim 10, wherein
the second wavelength region includes wavelength region of infrared rays, and the light of the first wavelength region includes infrared rays of wavelength region different from the infrared rays of the second wavelength region. | According to one example, an optical element assembly includes a transparent rod, a mirror and a light emitting element. The rod transmits light of first wavelength region made incident on a first end of the rod and emits the light of the first wavelength region from a second end of the rod. The rod absorbs light of a second wavelength region falling out of the first wavelength region. The mirror is disposed on a side of the first end. The mirror transmits one of the light of the first and second wavelength regions, reflects the other. The light of the first and second wavelength regions are made incident on the first end of the rod. The light emitting element emits light of the second wavelength region made incident on the first end of the rod through the mirror.1. An optical element assembly comprising:
a transparent rod including a first end and a second end, the transparent rod being configured to transmit light of first wavelength region made incident on the first end and emit the light of the first wavelength region from the second end, and being configured to absorb light of a second wavelength region falling out of the first wavelength region; a mirror disposed on a side of the first end of the rod, being configured to transmit one of the light of the first wavelength region and the light of the second wavelength region, reflect the other, and the light of the first wavelength region and the light of the second wavelength region made incident on the first end of the rod; and a light emitting element configured to emit light of the second wavelength region, and the light of the second wavelength region made incident on the first end of the rod through the mirror. 2. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rod has a cylindrical shape. 3. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, wherein
the first wavelength region includes a wavelength region of visible light, and the second wavelength region includes a wavelength region of infrared rays. 4. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
a tubular heat radiator provided around an external circumference of the rod. 5. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, wherein the mirror includes a cube-shaped dichroic mirror. 6. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
a lens between the light emitting element and the mirror and configured to shape the light emitted from the light emitting element. 7. The optical element assembly according to claim 1, comprising:
an adjustment element between the light emitting element and the mirror and configured to adjust intensity of the light made incident on the first end of the rod from the light emitting element through the mirror. 8. An optical imaging device comprising:
the optical element assembly according to claim 1; and an image sensor disposed in a position opposed to the second end of the rod and configured to image the light of the first wavelength region. 9. The optical imaging device according to claim 8, wherein wavelength of the first wavelength region is shorter than wavelength of the second wavelength region. 10. An optical processing device comprising:
the optical element assembly according to claim 1; and a light emitter configured to emit the light of the first wavelength region and configured to enter the light to the first end of the rod via the mirror, and emit the light from the second end of the rod. 11. The optical processing device according to claim 10, wherein
the second wavelength region includes a wavelength region of infrared rays, and the light of the first wavelength region includes laser light of wavelength region different from the infrared rays. 12. The optical processing device according to claim 10, wherein
the second wavelength region includes wavelength region of infrared rays, and the light of the first wavelength region includes infrared rays of wavelength region different from the infrared rays of the second wavelength region. | 2,800 |
343,473 | 16,802,902 | 2,824 | The present disclosure relates to circuits, systems, and methods of operation for a memory device. In an example, a memory device includes a plurality of memory cells, each memory cell having a variable impedance that varies in accordance with a respective data value stored therein; and a read circuit configured to read the data value stored within a selected memory cell based upon a variable time delay determination of a signal node voltage change corresponding to the variable impedance of the selected memory cell. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A circuit device comprising:
a first cell having an impedance that varies in accordance with a respective data value stored therein; and a delay line coupled to the first cell; the delay line configured to read the respective data value stored within the first cell by determining a value based on a position within the delay line. 22. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the respective data value corresponds to a plurality of bits. 23. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the first cell is a sensor cell. 24. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the first cell is a volatile memory cell. 25. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the first cell is a non-volatile memory cell. 26. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein the delay line is further configured to:
perform an operation on an input signal coupled to the delay line, wherein the operation is a type of function. 27. The circuit device according to claim 26, wherein the operation is a logistic function. 28. The circuit device of claim 26, wherein the operation is a logical function. 29. The circuit device of claim 26, wherein the operation is an arithmetic function. 30. The circuit device of claim 26, wherein the operation is an activation function. 31. A method of reading a data value stored in a first cell, comprising:
determining, based on a position within a delay line, a time-to-transition of a signal line of the first cell to determine a delay time; correlating the delay time to a voltage value, the voltage value corresponding to the data value; and determining the data value based on the voltage value. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
selecting the first cell by applying a first voltage value to a control line of the first cell, at a first time value; defining a time reference value based on the first time value; and determining the time-to-transition with respect to the time reference value. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein reading the data value stored in the first cell further comprises implementing a function, wherein the function comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: an activation function, a threshold function, weighted function, and a logistic function. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein determining, based on the position within the delay line, the time-to-transition of a signal line further comprises:
capturing the position, by latch outputs of the delay line wherein the position defines a difference in voltage values; transmitting the difference in the voltage value to latches; transmitting a strobe signal to the latches; and, in response to transmitting the strobe signal, capturing the latch outputs. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
comparing the latch outputs to a measured calibration delay; and determining the data value stored in the first cell based on the comparing. 36. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
storing a first data value in the first cell using a first voltage value, wherein the first voltage value creates a first impedance value of the first cell; storing a second data value in the first cell using a second voltage value, wherein the second voltage value creates a second impedance value of the first cell; and storing the data value as a third data value in the first cell using a third voltage value, wherein the third voltage value creates a third impedance value of the first cell. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the first cell comprises:
a memory cell coupled to a bit line; the bit line coupled to the delay line; and a word line coupled to a first input of the memory cell. 38. The method of claim 31, wherein the first cell comprises:
a sensor cell coupled to an output line; the output line coupled to the delay line; and a control line coupled to a first input of the sensor cell. 39. The method of claim 31, further comprising: performing an operation on the signal line. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the operation is a function, wherein the function comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: an activation function, a threshold function, weighted function, a logarithmic function, an inverse logarithmic function, a logistic function, and an inverse function. | The present disclosure relates to circuits, systems, and methods of operation for a memory device. In an example, a memory device includes a plurality of memory cells, each memory cell having a variable impedance that varies in accordance with a respective data value stored therein; and a read circuit configured to read the data value stored within a selected memory cell based upon a variable time delay determination of a signal node voltage change corresponding to the variable impedance of the selected memory cell.1-20. (canceled) 21. A circuit device comprising:
a first cell having an impedance that varies in accordance with a respective data value stored therein; and a delay line coupled to the first cell; the delay line configured to read the respective data value stored within the first cell by determining a value based on a position within the delay line. 22. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the respective data value corresponds to a plurality of bits. 23. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the first cell is a sensor cell. 24. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the first cell is a volatile memory cell. 25. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein: the first cell is a non-volatile memory cell. 26. The circuit device according to claim 21, wherein the delay line is further configured to:
perform an operation on an input signal coupled to the delay line, wherein the operation is a type of function. 27. The circuit device according to claim 26, wherein the operation is a logistic function. 28. The circuit device of claim 26, wherein the operation is a logical function. 29. The circuit device of claim 26, wherein the operation is an arithmetic function. 30. The circuit device of claim 26, wherein the operation is an activation function. 31. A method of reading a data value stored in a first cell, comprising:
determining, based on a position within a delay line, a time-to-transition of a signal line of the first cell to determine a delay time; correlating the delay time to a voltage value, the voltage value corresponding to the data value; and determining the data value based on the voltage value. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
selecting the first cell by applying a first voltage value to a control line of the first cell, at a first time value; defining a time reference value based on the first time value; and determining the time-to-transition with respect to the time reference value. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein reading the data value stored in the first cell further comprises implementing a function, wherein the function comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: an activation function, a threshold function, weighted function, and a logistic function. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein determining, based on the position within the delay line, the time-to-transition of a signal line further comprises:
capturing the position, by latch outputs of the delay line wherein the position defines a difference in voltage values; transmitting the difference in the voltage value to latches; transmitting a strobe signal to the latches; and, in response to transmitting the strobe signal, capturing the latch outputs. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
comparing the latch outputs to a measured calibration delay; and determining the data value stored in the first cell based on the comparing. 36. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
storing a first data value in the first cell using a first voltage value, wherein the first voltage value creates a first impedance value of the first cell; storing a second data value in the first cell using a second voltage value, wherein the second voltage value creates a second impedance value of the first cell; and storing the data value as a third data value in the first cell using a third voltage value, wherein the third voltage value creates a third impedance value of the first cell. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the first cell comprises:
a memory cell coupled to a bit line; the bit line coupled to the delay line; and a word line coupled to a first input of the memory cell. 38. The method of claim 31, wherein the first cell comprises:
a sensor cell coupled to an output line; the output line coupled to the delay line; and a control line coupled to a first input of the sensor cell. 39. The method of claim 31, further comprising: performing an operation on the signal line. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the operation is a function, wherein the function comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: an activation function, a threshold function, weighted function, a logarithmic function, an inverse logarithmic function, a logistic function, and an inverse function. | 2,800 |
343,474 | 16,802,892 | 2,824 | A Metal-Clad (MC) cable assembly includes a core having a plurality of power conductors cabled with a subassembly, each of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly including an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation, and a jacket layer. The MC cable assembly further includes an assembly jacket layer disposed over the subassembly, and a metal sheath disposed over the core. In one approach, the subassembly is a cabled set of conductors (e.g., twisted pair) operating as class 2 or class 3 circuit conductors in accordance with Article 725 of the National Electrical Code®. In another approach, the MC cable assembly includes a protective layer disposed around the jacket layer of one or more of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly. In yet another approach, a bonding/grounding conductor is cabled with the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly. | 1. A metal clad cable assembly, comprising:
a core comprising a subassembly and a plurality of power conductors including an insulated ground conductor, each of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly including an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation concentrically formed over the electrical conductor, and a jacket layer concentrically formed directly atop the layer of insulation, wherein the layer of insulation and the jacket layer are different materials; an assembly jacket layer disposed between the subassembly and the plurality of power conductors; and a metal sheath disposed over the core. 2. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the subassembly includes a set of cabled conductors. 3. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the layer of insulation is polyvinylchloride and the jacket layer is nylon. 4. The cable assembly of claim 1, further comprising a bonding/grounding conductor within the metal sheath, wherein the bonding/grounding conductor is positioned directly adjacent at least one of the plurality of power conductors. 5. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the bonding/grounding conductor is directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer. 6. The cable assembly of claim 1, further comprising a layer of tape disposed around the plurality of power conductors. 7. The cable assembly of claim 1, further comprising a core jacket layer disposed around the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors. 8. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors are cabled together. 9. A metal clad cable assembly, comprising:
a core including a plurality of power conductors and a subassembly, wherein each of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly includes an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation disposed over the electrical conductor, and a jacket layer disposed over the layer of insulation, and wherein the layer of insulation and the jacket layer are different materials; an assembly jacket layer between the subassembly and the plurality of power conductors, wherein the jacket layer of at least one conductor of the subassembly is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer, and wherein the jacket layer of at least one of the plurality of power conductors is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer; and a metal sheath disposed over the core. 10. The metal clad cable assembly of claim 9, wherein each electrical conductor of the subassembly has a size between 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) and 6 AWG, and wherein each electrical conductor of the plurality of power conductors has a size between 18 AWG and 2000 KCM. 11. The metal clad cable assembly of claim 9, further comprising a bonding/grounding conductor positioned directly adjacent at least one of the plurality of power conductors. 12. The metal clad cable assembly of claim 9, further comprising a layer of tape between the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly. 13. The metal clad cable of claim 9, further comprising a core jacket layer disposed around the core. 14. A cable assembly, comprising:
a plurality of power conductors adjacent a set of conductors, wherein each of the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors includes an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation disposed over the electrical conductor, and a jacket layer disposed directly atop the layer of insulation, wherein the layer of insulation and the jacket layer are different materials; an assembly jacket layer between the set of conductors and one or more of the plurality of power conductors, wherein the jacket layer of at least one conductor of the set of conductors is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer, and wherein the jacket layer of at least one power conductor of the plurality of power conductors is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer; and a metal sheath disposed over the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors. 15. The cable assembly of claim 14, wherein each of the set of conductors is configured to conduct a voltage between zero (0) and approximately 300 Volts. 16. The cable assembly of claim 14, further comprising a layer of tape disposed around the plurality of power conductors. 17. The cable assembly of claim 14, further comprising a bonding/grounding conductor adjacent the plurality of power conductors. 18. The cable assembly of claim 14, wherein the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors are cabled together. 19. The cable assembly of claim 14, wherein the set of conductors is cabled in a left-hand or right-hand lay. | A Metal-Clad (MC) cable assembly includes a core having a plurality of power conductors cabled with a subassembly, each of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly including an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation, and a jacket layer. The MC cable assembly further includes an assembly jacket layer disposed over the subassembly, and a metal sheath disposed over the core. In one approach, the subassembly is a cabled set of conductors (e.g., twisted pair) operating as class 2 or class 3 circuit conductors in accordance with Article 725 of the National Electrical Code®. In another approach, the MC cable assembly includes a protective layer disposed around the jacket layer of one or more of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly. In yet another approach, a bonding/grounding conductor is cabled with the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly.1. A metal clad cable assembly, comprising:
a core comprising a subassembly and a plurality of power conductors including an insulated ground conductor, each of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly including an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation concentrically formed over the electrical conductor, and a jacket layer concentrically formed directly atop the layer of insulation, wherein the layer of insulation and the jacket layer are different materials; an assembly jacket layer disposed between the subassembly and the plurality of power conductors; and a metal sheath disposed over the core. 2. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the subassembly includes a set of cabled conductors. 3. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the layer of insulation is polyvinylchloride and the jacket layer is nylon. 4. The cable assembly of claim 1, further comprising a bonding/grounding conductor within the metal sheath, wherein the bonding/grounding conductor is positioned directly adjacent at least one of the plurality of power conductors. 5. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the bonding/grounding conductor is directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer. 6. The cable assembly of claim 1, further comprising a layer of tape disposed around the plurality of power conductors. 7. The cable assembly of claim 1, further comprising a core jacket layer disposed around the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors. 8. The cable assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors are cabled together. 9. A metal clad cable assembly, comprising:
a core including a plurality of power conductors and a subassembly, wherein each of the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly includes an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation disposed over the electrical conductor, and a jacket layer disposed over the layer of insulation, and wherein the layer of insulation and the jacket layer are different materials; an assembly jacket layer between the subassembly and the plurality of power conductors, wherein the jacket layer of at least one conductor of the subassembly is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer, and wherein the jacket layer of at least one of the plurality of power conductors is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer; and a metal sheath disposed over the core. 10. The metal clad cable assembly of claim 9, wherein each electrical conductor of the subassembly has a size between 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) and 6 AWG, and wherein each electrical conductor of the plurality of power conductors has a size between 18 AWG and 2000 KCM. 11. The metal clad cable assembly of claim 9, further comprising a bonding/grounding conductor positioned directly adjacent at least one of the plurality of power conductors. 12. The metal clad cable assembly of claim 9, further comprising a layer of tape between the plurality of power conductors and the subassembly. 13. The metal clad cable of claim 9, further comprising a core jacket layer disposed around the core. 14. A cable assembly, comprising:
a plurality of power conductors adjacent a set of conductors, wherein each of the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors includes an electrical conductor, a layer of insulation disposed over the electrical conductor, and a jacket layer disposed directly atop the layer of insulation, wherein the layer of insulation and the jacket layer are different materials; an assembly jacket layer between the set of conductors and one or more of the plurality of power conductors, wherein the jacket layer of at least one conductor of the set of conductors is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer, and wherein the jacket layer of at least one power conductor of the plurality of power conductors is provided directly adjacent the assembly jacket layer; and a metal sheath disposed over the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors. 15. The cable assembly of claim 14, wherein each of the set of conductors is configured to conduct a voltage between zero (0) and approximately 300 Volts. 16. The cable assembly of claim 14, further comprising a layer of tape disposed around the plurality of power conductors. 17. The cable assembly of claim 14, further comprising a bonding/grounding conductor adjacent the plurality of power conductors. 18. The cable assembly of claim 14, wherein the plurality of power conductors and the set of conductors are cabled together. 19. The cable assembly of claim 14, wherein the set of conductors is cabled in a left-hand or right-hand lay. | 2,800 |
343,475 | 16,802,869 | 2,824 | Organic materials containing dibenzofuran or aza-dibenzofuran moiety are disclosed in this application. These materials are expected to improve OLED device performance. | 1. A compound having Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein G is selected from the group consisting of: 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z1, Z2, and Z4 to Z32 are each independently a CR6. 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein Z1, Z2, and Z4 to Z32 are each independently a CR6. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 6. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound having Formula I: 7. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound of Formula I is a host. 8. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer further comprises a phosphorescent emissive dopant; wherein the emissive dopant is a transition metal complex having at least one ligand or part of the ligand if the ligand is more than bidentate selected from the group consisting of: 9. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer is a blocking layer and the compound of Formula I is a blocking material in the organic layer. 10. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer is a transporting layer and the compound of Formula I is a transporting material in the organic layer. 11. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the OLED is incorporated into a device is selected from the group consisting of a consumer product, an electronic component module, and a lighting panel. 12. A formulation comprising a compound having Formula I: | Organic materials containing dibenzofuran or aza-dibenzofuran moiety are disclosed in this application. These materials are expected to improve OLED device performance.1. A compound having Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein G is selected from the group consisting of: 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z1, Z2, and Z4 to Z32 are each independently a CR6. 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein Z1, Z2, and Z4 to Z32 are each independently a CR6. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 6. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound having Formula I: 7. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound of Formula I is a host. 8. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer further comprises a phosphorescent emissive dopant; wherein the emissive dopant is a transition metal complex having at least one ligand or part of the ligand if the ligand is more than bidentate selected from the group consisting of: 9. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer is a blocking layer and the compound of Formula I is a blocking material in the organic layer. 10. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the organic layer is a transporting layer and the compound of Formula I is a transporting material in the organic layer. 11. The OLED of claim 6, wherein the OLED is incorporated into a device is selected from the group consisting of a consumer product, an electronic component module, and a lighting panel. 12. A formulation comprising a compound having Formula I: | 2,800 |
343,476 | 16,802,895 | 2,824 | A filtration device for filtering a fluid includes a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and a first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member. A portion of the first ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction, the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member. | 1. A filtration device for filtering a fluid, comprising:
a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and a first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member, wherein a portion of the first ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction, the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member. 2. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of edges of the first barrier member includes a second edge adjacent to the first edge, and
the ion-dispersing thread extends from the first edge to the second edge. 3. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread extends along a non-linear path. 4. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread has a first end and a second end,
the first end is located at a position other than one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member, and the second end is located at a position other than one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member. 5. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier member is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a water permeable mat, and an air permeable mat. 6. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier member comprises
first members that extend along a first direction; and second members that extend along a second direction that is non-parallel to the first direction, wherein the first members are made of a first material, the second members are made of the first material, and the first material is a non ion-dispersing material. 7. The filtration device of claim 6, wherein the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction. 8. The filtration device of claim 1, further comprising a second barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the second barrier member, the second barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge,
wherein the first barrier member and the second barrier member are in an overlay relationship relative to each other such that the fluid penetrating one of the plurality of openings in the first barrier member penetrates one of the plurality of openings in the second barrier member. 9. The filtration device of claim 8, further comprising an ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member,
wherein a portion of the ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member extends in a second direction, the second direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the second barrier member, and the second direction is non-perpendicular to first the edge of the second barrier member. 10. The filtration device of claim 9, wherein the ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member extends along a second non-linear path. 11. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread extends along a zig-zag path. 12. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread has a first end, and the first end is located at a position other than one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member. 13. The filtration device of claim 12, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread has a second end, and the second end is located at one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member. 14. The filtration device of claim 1, further comprising a second ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member,
wherein a portion of the second ion-dispersing thread extends in a third direction, the third direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the third direction is non-perpendicular to first the edge of the first barrier member. 15. The filtration device of claim 14, wherein the third direction and the direction are colinear. 16. The filtration device of claim 14, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member and the second ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member overlap each other at at least one point. 17. A filtration device for filtering a fluid, comprising:
a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; a second barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the second barrier member, the second barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and an ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member, wherein the first barrier member and the second barrier member are in an overlay relationship relative to each other such that the fluid penetrating one of the plurality of openings in the first barrier member penetrates one of the plurality of openings in the second barrier member, the first barrier member is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a fluid permeable mat, and an air permeable mat, and the second barrier member is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a fluid permeable mat, and an air permeable mat. 18. The filtration device of claim 17, wherein the first barrier member and the second barrier member are different ones of the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a liquid permeable mat, and an air permeable mat. 19. The filtration device of claim 17, wherein a portion of the ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction,
the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member. 20. The filtration device of claim 17, further comprising an ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member,
wherein a portion of the ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member extends in a second direction, the second direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the second barrier member, and the second direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the second barrier member. 21. A filtration device for filtering a fluid, comprising:
a barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the barrier member, the barrier member having
first members that extend along a first direction, and
second members that extend along a second direction that is non-parallel to the first direction; and
an ion-dispersing thread in the barrier member, wherein the first members are made of a first material, the second members are made of a second material, the first material and the second material are different materials. the barrier member is a single-layer mesh, and the single-layer mesh comprises the first members and the second members. | A filtration device for filtering a fluid includes a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and a first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member. A portion of the first ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction, the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member.1. A filtration device for filtering a fluid, comprising:
a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and a first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member, wherein a portion of the first ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction, the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member. 2. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of edges of the first barrier member includes a second edge adjacent to the first edge, and
the ion-dispersing thread extends from the first edge to the second edge. 3. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread extends along a non-linear path. 4. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread has a first end and a second end,
the first end is located at a position other than one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member, and the second end is located at a position other than one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member. 5. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier member is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a water permeable mat, and an air permeable mat. 6. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first barrier member comprises
first members that extend along a first direction; and second members that extend along a second direction that is non-parallel to the first direction, wherein the first members are made of a first material, the second members are made of the first material, and the first material is a non ion-dispersing material. 7. The filtration device of claim 6, wherein the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction. 8. The filtration device of claim 1, further comprising a second barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the second barrier member, the second barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge,
wherein the first barrier member and the second barrier member are in an overlay relationship relative to each other such that the fluid penetrating one of the plurality of openings in the first barrier member penetrates one of the plurality of openings in the second barrier member. 9. The filtration device of claim 8, further comprising an ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member,
wherein a portion of the ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member extends in a second direction, the second direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the second barrier member, and the second direction is non-perpendicular to first the edge of the second barrier member. 10. The filtration device of claim 9, wherein the ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member extends along a second non-linear path. 11. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread extends along a zig-zag path. 12. The filtration device of claim 1, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread has a first end, and the first end is located at a position other than one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member. 13. The filtration device of claim 12, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread has a second end, and the second end is located at one of the plurality of edges of the first barrier member. 14. The filtration device of claim 1, further comprising a second ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member,
wherein a portion of the second ion-dispersing thread extends in a third direction, the third direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the third direction is non-perpendicular to first the edge of the first barrier member. 15. The filtration device of claim 14, wherein the third direction and the direction are colinear. 16. The filtration device of claim 14, wherein the first ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member and the second ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member overlap each other at at least one point. 17. A filtration device for filtering a fluid, comprising:
a first barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the first barrier member, the first barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; a second barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the second barrier member, the second barrier member having a plurality of edges including a first edge; and an ion-dispersing thread in the first barrier member, wherein the first barrier member and the second barrier member are in an overlay relationship relative to each other such that the fluid penetrating one of the plurality of openings in the first barrier member penetrates one of the plurality of openings in the second barrier member, the first barrier member is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a fluid permeable mat, and an air permeable mat, and the second barrier member is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a fluid permeable mat, and an air permeable mat. 18. The filtration device of claim 17, wherein the first barrier member and the second barrier member are different ones of the group consisting of: a filtering screen, a porous membrane, a porous film, a liquid permeable mat, and an air permeable mat. 19. The filtration device of claim 17, wherein a portion of the ion-dispersing thread extends in a direction,
the direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the first barrier member, and the direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the first barrier member. 20. The filtration device of claim 17, further comprising an ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member,
wherein a portion of the ion-dispersing thread in the second barrier member extends in a second direction, the second direction is non-parallel to the first edge of the second barrier member, and the second direction is non-perpendicular to the first edge of the second barrier member. 21. A filtration device for filtering a fluid, comprising:
a barrier member having a plurality of openings through which the fluid can penetrate the barrier member, the barrier member having
first members that extend along a first direction, and
second members that extend along a second direction that is non-parallel to the first direction; and
an ion-dispersing thread in the barrier member, wherein the first members are made of a first material, the second members are made of a second material, the first material and the second material are different materials. the barrier member is a single-layer mesh, and the single-layer mesh comprises the first members and the second members. | 2,800 |
343,477 | 16,802,887 | 2,824 | A system and method for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment is provided. The method including moving a 2D scanner through the environment. A 2D map of the environment is generated using the 2D scanner. A path is defined through the environment using the 2D scanner. 3D scan locations along the path are defined using the 2D scanner. The 2D scanner is operably coupled to a mobile base unit. The mobile base unit is moved along the path based at least in part on the 2D map and the defined path. 3D coordinate values are measured at the 3D scan locations with a 3D scanner, the 3D scanner being coupled to the mobile base unit. | 1. A system for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment, the system comprising:
a base unit having a plurality of wheels; a 2D scanner removably coupled to the base unit, the 2D scanner including a light source, an image sensor and a controller, the controller being configured to determine a distance value to one or more object points in the environment based on emitting a beam of light with the light source and receiving the beam of light with the image sensor; a 3D scanner coupled to the base unit, the 3D scanner operable to selectively measure 3D coordinates of surfaces in the environment; and one or more processors operably coupled to the base unit, the 2D scanner and the 3D scanner, the one or more processors being responsive to nontransitory executable instructions for performing a method comprising: generating a 2D map of the environment using the 2D scanner when the 2D scanner is uncoupled from the base unit; defining a path through the environment based at least in part on the 2D map; defining 3D scan locations along the path based at least in part on the 2D map; causing the mobile base unit to move along the path; and causing the 3D scanner to measure 3D coordinate values at the 3D scan locations; and storing the 3D coordinate values in memory. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processors are further responsive for performing a method that comprises localizing the base unit based at least in part on the 2D map when the 2D scanner is coupled to the base unit. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the 3D scanner is a time-of-flight (TOF) coordinate measurement device configured to measure the 3D coordinate values in a volume about the 3D scanner. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the 3D scanner is a triangulation scanner. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the 3D scanner is coupled to the base unit by an articulated arm. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the defining of the path includes tracking the location of the 2D scanner within the environment. 7. A method for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment, the method comprising:
moving a 2D scanner through the environment; generating a 2D map of the environment using the 2D scanner as the 2D scanner is moved through the environment; defining a path through the environment based at least in part on the 2D map; defining 3D scan locations along the path based at least in part on the 2D map; operably coupling the 2D scanner to a mobile base unit; moving the mobile base unit along the path based at least in part on the defined path; and measuring 3D coordinate values at the 3D scan locations with a 3D scanner, the 3D scanner being coupled to the mobile base unit. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising scanning the environment with the 2D scanner as the mobile base unit is moved along the path. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising localizing the mobile base unit with the 2D map based at least in part on the scanning of the environment performed by the 2D scanner as the mobile base unit it moved along the path. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the defining of the path further includes tracking the position of the 2D scanner within the environment. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the 2D scanner includes having a 2D laser scanner, an inertial measurement unit and is sized and weighted to be carried by a single operator, the 2D scanner being configured to sweep a beam of light in a horizontal plane, the inertial measurement unit being configured to determine movement and orientation of the measurement device, the plurality of registration positions including a first registration position and a second registration position. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the 3D scanner is a TOF scanner that is configured to measure 3D coordinate values in a volume about the 3D scanner. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the 3D scanner is a triangulation scanner. 14. The method of claim 7, further comprising registering the 3D coordinate values measured at each of the 3D scan locations together to define a point cloud. 15. A system for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment, the system comprising:
one or more processors; a mobile base unit having a plurality of wheels, each of the plurality of wheels having an associated motor, the motors being operably coupled to the one or more processors; a 2D scanner removably coupled to the mobile base unit, the 2D scanner being sized and weighted to be carried by a single person, having a first light source and an image sensor, the first light source steers a beam of light within a first plane to illuminate object points in the environment, the image sensor is arranged to receive light reflected from the object points; a 3D scanner coupled to the base unit, the 3D scanner being configured to measure a 3D coordinate values of point on surfaces in the environment; wherein the one or more processors are responsive to nontransitory executable instructions which when executed by the one or more processors to: generating a 2D map of the environment using the 2D scanner; defining a path through the environment based at least in part on the 2D map; defining 3D scan locations along the path based at least in part on the 2D map; causing the mobile base unit to move along the path; causing the 3D scanner to measure 3D coordinate values at the 3D scan locations; and storing the 3D coordinate values in memory. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further responsive to nontransitory executable instructions which when executed by the one or more processors are further responsive to localize the base unit with the 2D map when the 2D scanner is coupled to the base unit. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the 3D scanner is a time-of-flight (TOF) coordinate measurement device configured to measure the 3D coordinate values in a volume about the 3D scanner. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the 3D scanner is a triangulation scanner. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the triangulation scanner is coupled to the mobile base unit by an articulated arm. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the defining of the path includes tracking the location of the 2D scanner within the environment. | A system and method for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment is provided. The method including moving a 2D scanner through the environment. A 2D map of the environment is generated using the 2D scanner. A path is defined through the environment using the 2D scanner. 3D scan locations along the path are defined using the 2D scanner. The 2D scanner is operably coupled to a mobile base unit. The mobile base unit is moved along the path based at least in part on the 2D map and the defined path. 3D coordinate values are measured at the 3D scan locations with a 3D scanner, the 3D scanner being coupled to the mobile base unit.1. A system for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment, the system comprising:
a base unit having a plurality of wheels; a 2D scanner removably coupled to the base unit, the 2D scanner including a light source, an image sensor and a controller, the controller being configured to determine a distance value to one or more object points in the environment based on emitting a beam of light with the light source and receiving the beam of light with the image sensor; a 3D scanner coupled to the base unit, the 3D scanner operable to selectively measure 3D coordinates of surfaces in the environment; and one or more processors operably coupled to the base unit, the 2D scanner and the 3D scanner, the one or more processors being responsive to nontransitory executable instructions for performing a method comprising: generating a 2D map of the environment using the 2D scanner when the 2D scanner is uncoupled from the base unit; defining a path through the environment based at least in part on the 2D map; defining 3D scan locations along the path based at least in part on the 2D map; causing the mobile base unit to move along the path; and causing the 3D scanner to measure 3D coordinate values at the 3D scan locations; and storing the 3D coordinate values in memory. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processors are further responsive for performing a method that comprises localizing the base unit based at least in part on the 2D map when the 2D scanner is coupled to the base unit. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the 3D scanner is a time-of-flight (TOF) coordinate measurement device configured to measure the 3D coordinate values in a volume about the 3D scanner. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the 3D scanner is a triangulation scanner. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the 3D scanner is coupled to the base unit by an articulated arm. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the defining of the path includes tracking the location of the 2D scanner within the environment. 7. A method for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment, the method comprising:
moving a 2D scanner through the environment; generating a 2D map of the environment using the 2D scanner as the 2D scanner is moved through the environment; defining a path through the environment based at least in part on the 2D map; defining 3D scan locations along the path based at least in part on the 2D map; operably coupling the 2D scanner to a mobile base unit; moving the mobile base unit along the path based at least in part on the defined path; and measuring 3D coordinate values at the 3D scan locations with a 3D scanner, the 3D scanner being coupled to the mobile base unit. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising scanning the environment with the 2D scanner as the mobile base unit is moved along the path. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising localizing the mobile base unit with the 2D map based at least in part on the scanning of the environment performed by the 2D scanner as the mobile base unit it moved along the path. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the defining of the path further includes tracking the position of the 2D scanner within the environment. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the 2D scanner includes having a 2D laser scanner, an inertial measurement unit and is sized and weighted to be carried by a single operator, the 2D scanner being configured to sweep a beam of light in a horizontal plane, the inertial measurement unit being configured to determine movement and orientation of the measurement device, the plurality of registration positions including a first registration position and a second registration position. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the 3D scanner is a TOF scanner that is configured to measure 3D coordinate values in a volume about the 3D scanner. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the 3D scanner is a triangulation scanner. 14. The method of claim 7, further comprising registering the 3D coordinate values measured at each of the 3D scan locations together to define a point cloud. 15. A system for measuring three-dimensional (3D) coordinate values of an environment, the system comprising:
one or more processors; a mobile base unit having a plurality of wheels, each of the plurality of wheels having an associated motor, the motors being operably coupled to the one or more processors; a 2D scanner removably coupled to the mobile base unit, the 2D scanner being sized and weighted to be carried by a single person, having a first light source and an image sensor, the first light source steers a beam of light within a first plane to illuminate object points in the environment, the image sensor is arranged to receive light reflected from the object points; a 3D scanner coupled to the base unit, the 3D scanner being configured to measure a 3D coordinate values of point on surfaces in the environment; wherein the one or more processors are responsive to nontransitory executable instructions which when executed by the one or more processors to: generating a 2D map of the environment using the 2D scanner; defining a path through the environment based at least in part on the 2D map; defining 3D scan locations along the path based at least in part on the 2D map; causing the mobile base unit to move along the path; causing the 3D scanner to measure 3D coordinate values at the 3D scan locations; and storing the 3D coordinate values in memory. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further responsive to nontransitory executable instructions which when executed by the one or more processors are further responsive to localize the base unit with the 2D map when the 2D scanner is coupled to the base unit. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the 3D scanner is a time-of-flight (TOF) coordinate measurement device configured to measure the 3D coordinate values in a volume about the 3D scanner. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the 3D scanner is a triangulation scanner. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the triangulation scanner is coupled to the mobile base unit by an articulated arm. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the defining of the path includes tracking the location of the 2D scanner within the environment. | 2,800 |
343,478 | 16,802,901 | 2,824 | When decoding a data array that has been encoded using a tree structure representation, the encoded tree representation of the array of data elements comprising a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signalling the node values for each non-root node in the tree a data value for a set of one or more data elements associated with a first node of the tree structure is determined by determining an initial data value for the first node using the stored tree node data, and modifying the initial data value using a modifier value based on the number of bits used for signalling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. | 1. A method of determining a data value for a data element or set of data elements of an array of data elements from an encoded representation of the array of data elements,
wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements represents the array of data elements using a tree structure, the tree structure including a plurality of branches associated with a respective plurality of leaf nodes, and each branch extending over a plurality of levels from a root node at a top level of the tree to the respective leaf node of the branch at the lowest level of the tree, such that each leaf node has a set of one or more preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, the tree being configured such that each leaf node of the tree represents a respective data element of the data array, and the node values for the nodes at each level of the tree being set such that the data value that the tree indicates for the data element of the data array that a leaf node of the tree represents is determined as a sum of the node values in the tree for the leaf node and the preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements comprises a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signaling the node values for each non-root node in the tree, the method comprising: determining a data value for use by a data processing system for a set of one or more data elements associated with a first node of the tree structure representing the array of data elements, the first node having a plurality of child nodes in the tree and the first node thereby being associated with a set of one or more data elements, wherein the data value for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node is determined by: using the stored bit count data to determine the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in the next level of the tree; using the stored tree node data for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree to determine an initial data value for the first node, the initial data value for the first node being determined as a sum of the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree; and determining a data value for use by a data processing system for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node by modifying the initial data value for the first node obtained from the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree using a modifier value based on the determined number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising checking the number of bits used for signaling the node values for child nodes of the first node, and wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the node values for child nodes of the first node is less than or equal to a threshold value, proceeding to use the stored tree node data to determine the initial data value for the first node, and to determine the data value for the child nodes of the first node by modifying the initial data value using the modifier value based on the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the first node is greater than the threshold value, the method comprises determining individual data values for the child nodes of the first node as a function of the child node value and the node values of the preceding parent nodes in the tree. 4. (canceled) 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modifier value is based on half of the maximum value that could be signaled using the respective bit count for the child nodes of the first node. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the array of data elements is an array of texture data. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising determining a set of node values for a plurality of nodes at a particular level in the tree to determine one or more downscaled representations of the array of texture data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the bit count data is stored using a tree representation. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing software code that when executing on a data processor performs a method of determining a data value for a data element or set of data elements of an array of data elements from an encoded representation of the array of data elements,
wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements represents the array of data elements using a tree structure, the tree structure including a plurality of branches associated with a respective plurality of leaf nodes, and each branch extending over a plurality of levels from a root node at a top level of the tree to the respective leaf node of the branch at the lowest level of the tree, such that each leaf node has a set of one or more preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, the tree being configured such that each leaf node of the tree represents a respective data element of the data array, and the node values for the nodes at each level of the tree being set such that the data value that the tree indicates for the data element of the data array that a leaf node of the tree represents is determined as a sum of the node values in the tree for the leaf node and the preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements comprises a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signaling the node values for each non-root node in the tree, the method comprising: determining a data value for use by a data processing system for a set of one or more data elements associated with a first node of the tree structure representing the array of data elements, the first node having a plurality of child nodes in the tree and the first node thereby being associated with a set of one or more data elements, wherein the data value for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node is determined by: using the stored bit count data to determine the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in the next level of the tree; using the stored tree node data for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree to determine an initial data value for the first node, the initial data value for the first node being determined as a sum of the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree; and determining a data value for use by a data processing system for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node by modifying the initial data value for the first node obtained from the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree using a modifier value based on the determined number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 10. A decoder for determining a data value for a data element or set of data elements of an array of data elements for use in a data processing system from an encoded representation of the array of data elements,
wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements represents the array of data elements using a tree structure, the tree structure including a plurality of branches associated with a respective plurality of leaf nodes, and each branch extending over a plurality of levels from a root node at a top level of the tree to the respective leaf node of the branch at the lowest level of the tree, such that each leaf node has a set of one or more preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, the tree being configured such that each leaf node of the tree represents a respective data element of the data array, and the node values for the nodes at each level of the tree being set such that the data value that the tree indicates for the data element of the data array that a leaf node of the tree represents is determined as a sum of the node values in the tree for the leaf node and the preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements comprises a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signaling the node values for each non-root node in the tree, the decoder comprising: a bit count reading circuit configured to: for a first node of the tree structure representing the array of data elements, the first node having a plurality of child nodes in the tree and thereby being associated with a set of one or more data elements of the array of data elements represented by the tree, use the stored bit count data to determine the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in the next level of the tree; and a decoding circuit configured to: use the stored tree node data for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree to determine an initial data value for the first node, the initial data value for the first node being determined as a sum of the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree; and determine a data value for use by a data processing system for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node by modifying the initial data value for the first node obtained from the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree using a modifier value based on the determined number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the decoding circuit is further configured to: check the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node, and wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node is less than or equal to a threshold value, the decoding circuit proceeds to use the stored tree node data to determine the initial data value for the first node, and to determine the data value for the child nodes of the first node by modifying the initial data value using a modifier value based on the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the first node is greater than the threshold value, the decoding circuit proceeds to determine individual data values for the child nodes of the first node as a function of the child node value and the node values of the preceding parent nodes in the tree. 13. (canceled) 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the modifier value is based on half of the maximum value that could be signaled using the respective bit count for the child nodes of the first node. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the array of data elements is an array of texture data. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the decoding circuit is configured to determine a set of node values for a plurality of nodes at a particular level in the tree to determine one or more downscaled representations of the array of texture data. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the bit count data is stored using a tree representation. | When decoding a data array that has been encoded using a tree structure representation, the encoded tree representation of the array of data elements comprising a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signalling the node values for each non-root node in the tree a data value for a set of one or more data elements associated with a first node of the tree structure is determined by determining an initial data value for the first node using the stored tree node data, and modifying the initial data value using a modifier value based on the number of bits used for signalling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree.1. A method of determining a data value for a data element or set of data elements of an array of data elements from an encoded representation of the array of data elements,
wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements represents the array of data elements using a tree structure, the tree structure including a plurality of branches associated with a respective plurality of leaf nodes, and each branch extending over a plurality of levels from a root node at a top level of the tree to the respective leaf node of the branch at the lowest level of the tree, such that each leaf node has a set of one or more preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, the tree being configured such that each leaf node of the tree represents a respective data element of the data array, and the node values for the nodes at each level of the tree being set such that the data value that the tree indicates for the data element of the data array that a leaf node of the tree represents is determined as a sum of the node values in the tree for the leaf node and the preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements comprises a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signaling the node values for each non-root node in the tree, the method comprising: determining a data value for use by a data processing system for a set of one or more data elements associated with a first node of the tree structure representing the array of data elements, the first node having a plurality of child nodes in the tree and the first node thereby being associated with a set of one or more data elements, wherein the data value for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node is determined by: using the stored bit count data to determine the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in the next level of the tree; using the stored tree node data for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree to determine an initial data value for the first node, the initial data value for the first node being determined as a sum of the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree; and determining a data value for use by a data processing system for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node by modifying the initial data value for the first node obtained from the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree using a modifier value based on the determined number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising checking the number of bits used for signaling the node values for child nodes of the first node, and wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the node values for child nodes of the first node is less than or equal to a threshold value, proceeding to use the stored tree node data to determine the initial data value for the first node, and to determine the data value for the child nodes of the first node by modifying the initial data value using the modifier value based on the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the first node is greater than the threshold value, the method comprises determining individual data values for the child nodes of the first node as a function of the child node value and the node values of the preceding parent nodes in the tree. 4. (canceled) 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the modifier value is based on half of the maximum value that could be signaled using the respective bit count for the child nodes of the first node. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the array of data elements is an array of texture data. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising determining a set of node values for a plurality of nodes at a particular level in the tree to determine one or more downscaled representations of the array of texture data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the bit count data is stored using a tree representation. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing software code that when executing on a data processor performs a method of determining a data value for a data element or set of data elements of an array of data elements from an encoded representation of the array of data elements,
wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements represents the array of data elements using a tree structure, the tree structure including a plurality of branches associated with a respective plurality of leaf nodes, and each branch extending over a plurality of levels from a root node at a top level of the tree to the respective leaf node of the branch at the lowest level of the tree, such that each leaf node has a set of one or more preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, the tree being configured such that each leaf node of the tree represents a respective data element of the data array, and the node values for the nodes at each level of the tree being set such that the data value that the tree indicates for the data element of the data array that a leaf node of the tree represents is determined as a sum of the node values in the tree for the leaf node and the preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements comprises a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signaling the node values for each non-root node in the tree, the method comprising: determining a data value for use by a data processing system for a set of one or more data elements associated with a first node of the tree structure representing the array of data elements, the first node having a plurality of child nodes in the tree and the first node thereby being associated with a set of one or more data elements, wherein the data value for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node is determined by: using the stored bit count data to determine the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in the next level of the tree; using the stored tree node data for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree to determine an initial data value for the first node, the initial data value for the first node being determined as a sum of the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree; and determining a data value for use by a data processing system for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node by modifying the initial data value for the first node obtained from the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree using a modifier value based on the determined number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 10. A decoder for determining a data value for a data element or set of data elements of an array of data elements for use in a data processing system from an encoded representation of the array of data elements,
wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements represents the array of data elements using a tree structure, the tree structure including a plurality of branches associated with a respective plurality of leaf nodes, and each branch extending over a plurality of levels from a root node at a top level of the tree to the respective leaf node of the branch at the lowest level of the tree, such that each leaf node has a set of one or more preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, the tree being configured such that each leaf node of the tree represents a respective data element of the data array, and the node values for the nodes at each level of the tree being set such that the data value that the tree indicates for the data element of the data array that a leaf node of the tree represents is determined as a sum of the node values in the tree for the leaf node and the preceding parent node(s) in the branch of the tree that the leaf node belongs to, wherein the encoded representation of the array of data elements comprises a set of tree node data representing the respective node values for the different nodes of the tree and a set of bit count data indicating the number of bits that has been used for signaling the node values for each non-root node in the tree, the decoder comprising: a bit count reading circuit configured to: for a first node of the tree structure representing the array of data elements, the first node having a plurality of child nodes in the tree and thereby being associated with a set of one or more data elements of the array of data elements represented by the tree, use the stored bit count data to determine the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in the next level of the tree; and a decoding circuit configured to: use the stored tree node data for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree to determine an initial data value for the first node, the initial data value for the first node being determined as a sum of the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree; and determine a data value for use by a data processing system for the set of one or more data elements associated with the first node by modifying the initial data value for the first node obtained from the node values for the first node and all of its preceding parent node(s) in the tree using a modifier value based on the determined number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the decoding circuit is further configured to: check the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node, and wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node is less than or equal to a threshold value, the decoding circuit proceeds to use the stored tree node data to determine the initial data value for the first node, and to determine the data value for the child nodes of the first node by modifying the initial data value using a modifier value based on the number of bits used for signaling the node values for the child nodes of the first node in at least the next level of the tree. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein when the number of bits used for signaling the first node is greater than the threshold value, the decoding circuit proceeds to determine individual data values for the child nodes of the first node as a function of the child node value and the node values of the preceding parent nodes in the tree. 13. (canceled) 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the modifier value is based on half of the maximum value that could be signaled using the respective bit count for the child nodes of the first node. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the array of data elements is an array of texture data. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the decoding circuit is configured to determine a set of node values for a plurality of nodes at a particular level in the tree to determine one or more downscaled representations of the array of texture data. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the bit count data is stored using a tree representation. | 2,800 |
343,479 | 16,802,910 | 3,675 | A door locking device (1) including a support body (6) which can be fixed to a door (5) of an electric household appliance, a bracket (7) which can be fixed to a structural element (3) of the electric household appliance and a latching device (8) including: a locking tooth (10) constrained to rotate and translate relatively to the support body and which can be coupled with a first end thereof (12) with a transversal element (11) of the bracket; a sliding stem (13) cooperating with a second end (14) of the locking tooth by means of conjugated cam profiles (15, 16) carried by the locking tooth and by a head (17) of the stem; a compression spring (18) associated with the stem for thrusting the cam profiles (15, 16) into contact; and a tilting element (19) hinged to the support body to cooperate with the transversal element (11) of the bracket independently of the locking tooth, to activate a microswitch (23) when the tooth is in a locking position, wherein it engages the transversal element (11) of the bracket. | 1. A door locking device (1) for a door (5) of a household appliance (2) comprising:
a support body (6) designed to be secured to a door (5) of the household appliance, a lug (7) designed to be secured to a structural element (3) of the household appliance in a position facing, in use, the support body, and a latch device (8) borne by the support body (6) and configured to interact, in use, with the lug; wherein the latch device (8) comprises: i) a blocking tooth (10) borne by the support body (6) and restrained to the support body such that the blocking tooth (10) can rotate relative to the support body (6) about a first axis (A) and the first axis (A) can move in translation relative to the support body (6), the blocking tooth comprising a first end (12) configured to be coupled with a transversal element (11) of the lug so as to lock the door against the structural element of the household appliance; ii) a stem (13) borne by the support body sliding along an axis of symmetry (B) of the stem and interacting with a second end (14) of the blocking tooth, opposite to the first end; iii) first and second cam profiles (15,16) formed on the second end (14) of the blocking tooth and on a head (17) of the stem facing towards the blocking tooth, respectively; iv) a compression spring (18) operationally associated with the stem and designed to push the first and second cam profiles (15,16) into contact with one another; and v) a framed tilting element (19) hinged to the support body (6) such that it can rotate relative to the latter about a second axis (C) parallel to the first axis; the tilting element (19) being designed to interact with the transversal element (11) of the lug independently of the blocking tooth (10); and vi) the first and second cam profiles (15,16) being designed to form, together with the blocking tooth (10), the support body (6), the stem (13) and the compression spring (18), a bistable mechanism (24) that can cause the blocking tooth (10) to selectively take up a receiving position, in which a recess (25) made in the first end (12) of the blocking tooth is oriented parallel to respective longitudinal longerons (26) of the lug, perpendicular to the transversal element (11) of the lug, so as to receive the transversal element (I 1) of the lug, and a locking position, in which the recess (25) is orientated transversely to the longerons of the lug. 2. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the head (17) of the stem is hinged to an arm (30) which projects from the second end (14) of the blocking tooth, perpendicular to the first axis (A), and which is made integral in one piece with the second end of the blocking tooth, in such a way that the head (17) of the stem rotates relative to the arm about a third axis (D) parallel to the first axis. 3. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the support body (6) comprises an internally hollow box-shaped portion (31) housing the stem (13), the compression spring (18) and the blocking tooth (10), except for the first end (12) of the latter, which projects outwards from the support body through a slot (32) in the box-shaped portion; the first axis (A) being defined by a pair of profiled elements (33) that project transversely outwards on opposite sides of the blocking tooth (10) and that are arranged between the first and the second ends thereof; the laterally projecting profiled elements interacting in contact with a radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body; the compression spring (18) configured to keep the laterally projecting profiled elements (33) of the blocking tooth permanently in contact against said radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body, in such a way that the first axis (A) can move in translation relative to the support body along the perimetral rim (34). 4. The door locking device according to claim 3, wherein the radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body forms a turn (35) designed to receive the laterally projecting profiled elements (33) of the blocking tooth and within which the laterally projecting profiled elements of the blocking tooth are normally held by the compression spring (18), so as to be free to rotate relative to the support body within the turn (35), between the receiving and locking positions. 5. The door locking device according to claim 4, wherein the laterally projecting profiled elements (33) of the blocking tooth are configured to interact selectively with respective stretches of the radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body immediately adjacent, on opposite sides, to the turn (35), so as the laterally projecting profiled elements act as end-of-travel stops in order to determine the angular position of the receiving and locking positions of the blocking tooth (10) with respect to the support body (6). 6. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the stem (13) is inserted axially through a shoulder ring (36) hinged to the support body (6) by containment holes (28) in such a way that the shoulder ring rotates relative to the support body about a fourth axis (E) passing through the center of the containment holes (28), parallel to the first axis and generally coaxial with the second axis; the compression spring (18) being inserted packed between the head (17) of the stem and the shoulder ring (36). 7. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the recess (25) in the first end of the blocking tooth is configured to hold inside it the transversal element (1) of the lug when the blocking tooth (10) is in the locking position and when the transversal element (11) of the lug (7) has been previously engaged in the recess (25) in the receiving position of the blocking tooth. 8. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the support body (6) includes a slot (27) for receiving the lug (7), arranged facing the blocking tooth (10) and configured to be passed through, in use, by the lug, on the side of the transversal element (11) thereof, to reach the blocking tooth (10), which, in the receiving position, includes the recess (25) oriented towards the slot (27); the blocking tooth (10) being delimited, between the recess (25) and its second end (14), by a flat surface (37) which is oriented towards the slot (27) of the support body and which, in the locking position, defines an inclined plane facing the slot (27) and configured to interact with the transversal element (11) of the lug (7) in the event the lug, with the blocking tooth in the locking position, has already not been engaged in the recess. 9. The door locking device according to claim 8, wherein the inclined plane (37) is configured to determine, in response to a thrust exerted thereon by the transversal element (11) of the U-shaped lug, an axial thrust on the compression spring (18), through the stem (13), which urges the first axis (A) to move away from the slot (27) so as to allow the transversal element of the lug to jump over the blocking tooth and snap-engage in the recess (25) thereof. 10. A household appliance (2) comprising a structural element (3) defining an opening for accessing a washing tank or chamber (4) and a door (5) operationally associated with the access opening and designed to take up an open position, in which it allows access to the washing tank or chamber, and a closed position in which it is locked against the structural element; comprising:
a door locking device (1) according to claim 1 having the support body (6) rigidly secured to the door (5) and the lug (7) rigidly secured to the structural element (3); the support body (6) having a lateral seat (22) housing a microswitch (23); the framed tilting element (19) being configured to interact with the microswitch (23) when the transversal element (11) of the lug (7) engages in the recess (25) of the blocking tooth. | A door locking device (1) including a support body (6) which can be fixed to a door (5) of an electric household appliance, a bracket (7) which can be fixed to a structural element (3) of the electric household appliance and a latching device (8) including: a locking tooth (10) constrained to rotate and translate relatively to the support body and which can be coupled with a first end thereof (12) with a transversal element (11) of the bracket; a sliding stem (13) cooperating with a second end (14) of the locking tooth by means of conjugated cam profiles (15, 16) carried by the locking tooth and by a head (17) of the stem; a compression spring (18) associated with the stem for thrusting the cam profiles (15, 16) into contact; and a tilting element (19) hinged to the support body to cooperate with the transversal element (11) of the bracket independently of the locking tooth, to activate a microswitch (23) when the tooth is in a locking position, wherein it engages the transversal element (11) of the bracket.1. A door locking device (1) for a door (5) of a household appliance (2) comprising:
a support body (6) designed to be secured to a door (5) of the household appliance, a lug (7) designed to be secured to a structural element (3) of the household appliance in a position facing, in use, the support body, and a latch device (8) borne by the support body (6) and configured to interact, in use, with the lug; wherein the latch device (8) comprises: i) a blocking tooth (10) borne by the support body (6) and restrained to the support body such that the blocking tooth (10) can rotate relative to the support body (6) about a first axis (A) and the first axis (A) can move in translation relative to the support body (6), the blocking tooth comprising a first end (12) configured to be coupled with a transversal element (11) of the lug so as to lock the door against the structural element of the household appliance; ii) a stem (13) borne by the support body sliding along an axis of symmetry (B) of the stem and interacting with a second end (14) of the blocking tooth, opposite to the first end; iii) first and second cam profiles (15,16) formed on the second end (14) of the blocking tooth and on a head (17) of the stem facing towards the blocking tooth, respectively; iv) a compression spring (18) operationally associated with the stem and designed to push the first and second cam profiles (15,16) into contact with one another; and v) a framed tilting element (19) hinged to the support body (6) such that it can rotate relative to the latter about a second axis (C) parallel to the first axis; the tilting element (19) being designed to interact with the transversal element (11) of the lug independently of the blocking tooth (10); and vi) the first and second cam profiles (15,16) being designed to form, together with the blocking tooth (10), the support body (6), the stem (13) and the compression spring (18), a bistable mechanism (24) that can cause the blocking tooth (10) to selectively take up a receiving position, in which a recess (25) made in the first end (12) of the blocking tooth is oriented parallel to respective longitudinal longerons (26) of the lug, perpendicular to the transversal element (11) of the lug, so as to receive the transversal element (I 1) of the lug, and a locking position, in which the recess (25) is orientated transversely to the longerons of the lug. 2. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the head (17) of the stem is hinged to an arm (30) which projects from the second end (14) of the blocking tooth, perpendicular to the first axis (A), and which is made integral in one piece with the second end of the blocking tooth, in such a way that the head (17) of the stem rotates relative to the arm about a third axis (D) parallel to the first axis. 3. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the support body (6) comprises an internally hollow box-shaped portion (31) housing the stem (13), the compression spring (18) and the blocking tooth (10), except for the first end (12) of the latter, which projects outwards from the support body through a slot (32) in the box-shaped portion; the first axis (A) being defined by a pair of profiled elements (33) that project transversely outwards on opposite sides of the blocking tooth (10) and that are arranged between the first and the second ends thereof; the laterally projecting profiled elements interacting in contact with a radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body; the compression spring (18) configured to keep the laterally projecting profiled elements (33) of the blocking tooth permanently in contact against said radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body, in such a way that the first axis (A) can move in translation relative to the support body along the perimetral rim (34). 4. The door locking device according to claim 3, wherein the radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body forms a turn (35) designed to receive the laterally projecting profiled elements (33) of the blocking tooth and within which the laterally projecting profiled elements of the blocking tooth are normally held by the compression spring (18), so as to be free to rotate relative to the support body within the turn (35), between the receiving and locking positions. 5. The door locking device according to claim 4, wherein the laterally projecting profiled elements (33) of the blocking tooth are configured to interact selectively with respective stretches of the radially inner perimetral rim (34) of the box-shaped portion of the support body immediately adjacent, on opposite sides, to the turn (35), so as the laterally projecting profiled elements act as end-of-travel stops in order to determine the angular position of the receiving and locking positions of the blocking tooth (10) with respect to the support body (6). 6. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the stem (13) is inserted axially through a shoulder ring (36) hinged to the support body (6) by containment holes (28) in such a way that the shoulder ring rotates relative to the support body about a fourth axis (E) passing through the center of the containment holes (28), parallel to the first axis and generally coaxial with the second axis; the compression spring (18) being inserted packed between the head (17) of the stem and the shoulder ring (36). 7. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the recess (25) in the first end of the blocking tooth is configured to hold inside it the transversal element (1) of the lug when the blocking tooth (10) is in the locking position and when the transversal element (11) of the lug (7) has been previously engaged in the recess (25) in the receiving position of the blocking tooth. 8. The door locking device according to claim 1, wherein the support body (6) includes a slot (27) for receiving the lug (7), arranged facing the blocking tooth (10) and configured to be passed through, in use, by the lug, on the side of the transversal element (11) thereof, to reach the blocking tooth (10), which, in the receiving position, includes the recess (25) oriented towards the slot (27); the blocking tooth (10) being delimited, between the recess (25) and its second end (14), by a flat surface (37) which is oriented towards the slot (27) of the support body and which, in the locking position, defines an inclined plane facing the slot (27) and configured to interact with the transversal element (11) of the lug (7) in the event the lug, with the blocking tooth in the locking position, has already not been engaged in the recess. 9. The door locking device according to claim 8, wherein the inclined plane (37) is configured to determine, in response to a thrust exerted thereon by the transversal element (11) of the U-shaped lug, an axial thrust on the compression spring (18), through the stem (13), which urges the first axis (A) to move away from the slot (27) so as to allow the transversal element of the lug to jump over the blocking tooth and snap-engage in the recess (25) thereof. 10. A household appliance (2) comprising a structural element (3) defining an opening for accessing a washing tank or chamber (4) and a door (5) operationally associated with the access opening and designed to take up an open position, in which it allows access to the washing tank or chamber, and a closed position in which it is locked against the structural element; comprising:
a door locking device (1) according to claim 1 having the support body (6) rigidly secured to the door (5) and the lug (7) rigidly secured to the structural element (3); the support body (6) having a lateral seat (22) housing a microswitch (23); the framed tilting element (19) being configured to interact with the microswitch (23) when the transversal element (11) of the lug (7) engages in the recess (25) of the blocking tooth. | 3,600 |
343,480 | 16,802,860 | 3,675 | A photosensitive member cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus for forming an image, includes a frame; a photosensitive drum on which and which is provided in the frame; a transfer member for transferring an image formed on the drum onto the sheet; a mounting portion for detachably mounting a developing cartridge including a developer carrying member onto the drum and a memory for storing information; a first electrical contact provided on the frame and electrically connectable with a main assembly electrical contact provided in the main assembly when the cartridge is mounted to the main assembly; and a second electrical contact provided on the frame for electrically connecting the memory and the first electrical contact portion with each other when the developing cartridge is mounted to the mounting portion. | 1.-12. (canceled) 13. An image forming apparats comprising:
a developing cartridge configured to hold a developing roller, the developing cartridge including a memory unit storing information, the memory unit being disposed between ends the developing cartridge with respect to an axial direction of the developing roller; a holding unit configured to detachably hold the developing cartridge, the holding unit including a first electrical contact portion connected electrically to the memory unit and a second electrical contact portion connected electrically to the first electrical contact portion and disposed outside of the ends of the developing cartridge with respect to the axial direction; and a main assembly configured to detachably support the holding unit, the main assembly including a main assembly contact portion contacting to the second electrical contact portion, wherein the main assembly contact portion is arranged to face a direction different from the first electrical contact portion. 14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the holding unit includes a photosensitive drum. 15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the holding unit is detachable from the image forming apparatus. | A photosensitive member cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus for forming an image, includes a frame; a photosensitive drum on which and which is provided in the frame; a transfer member for transferring an image formed on the drum onto the sheet; a mounting portion for detachably mounting a developing cartridge including a developer carrying member onto the drum and a memory for storing information; a first electrical contact provided on the frame and electrically connectable with a main assembly electrical contact provided in the main assembly when the cartridge is mounted to the main assembly; and a second electrical contact provided on the frame for electrically connecting the memory and the first electrical contact portion with each other when the developing cartridge is mounted to the mounting portion.1.-12. (canceled) 13. An image forming apparats comprising:
a developing cartridge configured to hold a developing roller, the developing cartridge including a memory unit storing information, the memory unit being disposed between ends the developing cartridge with respect to an axial direction of the developing roller; a holding unit configured to detachably hold the developing cartridge, the holding unit including a first electrical contact portion connected electrically to the memory unit and a second electrical contact portion connected electrically to the first electrical contact portion and disposed outside of the ends of the developing cartridge with respect to the axial direction; and a main assembly configured to detachably support the holding unit, the main assembly including a main assembly contact portion contacting to the second electrical contact portion, wherein the main assembly contact portion is arranged to face a direction different from the first electrical contact portion. 14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the holding unit includes a photosensitive drum. 15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the holding unit is detachable from the image forming apparatus. | 3,600 |
343,481 | 16,802,849 | 3,675 | In a robot system, a control section causes a first gripping section to grip a connector of a cable, at one end of which the connector is provided and the other end of which is fixed, causes an imaging section to image the connector, causes, based on a result of the imaging by the imaging section, a second gripping section to grip the connector in a state in which the position of the first gripping section is maintained, causes the first gripping section to release the gripping of the connector, causes, based on the imaging result, the second gripping section to adjust a posture of the connector, and causes the first gripping section to grip the connector, the posture of which is adjusted, again. | 1. A robot system comprising:
a first robot including a first arm; a first gripping section coupled to the first arm; a second robot including a second arm; a second gripping section coupled to the second arm; an imaging section set in the second arm; and a control section configured to control operations of the first robot, the first gripping section, the second robot, the second gripping section, and the imaging section, wherein the control section causes the first gripping section to grip a connector of a cable, atone end of which the connector is provided and another end of which is fixed, causes the imaging section to image the connector, causes, based on a result of the imaging by the imaging section, the second gripping section to grip the connector in a state in which a position of the first gripping section is maintained, causes the first gripping section to release the gripping of the connector, causes, based on the imaging result, the second gripping section to adjust a posture of the connector, and causes the first gripping section to grip the connector, the posture of which is adjusted. 2. The robot system according to claim 1, further comprising a detecting section configured to detect contact of the first gripping section and the connector. 3. The robot system according to claim 2, wherein the control section causes the first gripping section to perform first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, moves the first gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, stops the movement of the first gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section, and causes the first gripping section to perform second gripping for gripping the connector. 4. The robot system according to claim 3, wherein
the first gripping section includes a first claw section and a second claw section that come into contact with and separate from each other, and in a state in which the first claw section and the second claw section are in contact, the first claw section and the second claw section form a hole section through which the cable is inserted. 5. The robot system according to claim 4, wherein, when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction, the first claw section or the second claw section and the connector overlap. 6. A control method for a robot system including:
a first robot including a first arm; a first gripping section coupled to the first arm; a second robot including a second arm; a second gripping section coupled to the second arm; and an imaging section set in the second arm, the control method comprising: gripping, with the first gripping section, a connector of a cable, at one end of which the connector is provided and another end of which is fixed; imaging the connector with the imaging section; gripping the connector with the second gripping section based on a result of the imaging by the imaging section in a state in which a position of the first gripping section is maintained; releasing the gripping of the connector by the first gripping section; adjusting a posture of the connector with the second gripping section based on the imaging result; and gripping the connector, the posture of which is adjusted, with the first gripping section. 7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein, in the gripping the connector with the first gripping section,
the first gripping section performs first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, the first gripping section moves toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, and when the first gripping section comes into contact with the connector, the first gripping section stops the movement and performs second gripping for gripping the connector. | In a robot system, a control section causes a first gripping section to grip a connector of a cable, at one end of which the connector is provided and the other end of which is fixed, causes an imaging section to image the connector, causes, based on a result of the imaging by the imaging section, a second gripping section to grip the connector in a state in which the position of the first gripping section is maintained, causes the first gripping section to release the gripping of the connector, causes, based on the imaging result, the second gripping section to adjust a posture of the connector, and causes the first gripping section to grip the connector, the posture of which is adjusted, again.1. A robot system comprising:
a first robot including a first arm; a first gripping section coupled to the first arm; a second robot including a second arm; a second gripping section coupled to the second arm; an imaging section set in the second arm; and a control section configured to control operations of the first robot, the first gripping section, the second robot, the second gripping section, and the imaging section, wherein the control section causes the first gripping section to grip a connector of a cable, atone end of which the connector is provided and another end of which is fixed, causes the imaging section to image the connector, causes, based on a result of the imaging by the imaging section, the second gripping section to grip the connector in a state in which a position of the first gripping section is maintained, causes the first gripping section to release the gripping of the connector, causes, based on the imaging result, the second gripping section to adjust a posture of the connector, and causes the first gripping section to grip the connector, the posture of which is adjusted. 2. The robot system according to claim 1, further comprising a detecting section configured to detect contact of the first gripping section and the connector. 3. The robot system according to claim 2, wherein the control section causes the first gripping section to perform first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, moves the first gripping section toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, stops the movement of the first gripping section based on a detection result of the detecting section, and causes the first gripping section to perform second gripping for gripping the connector. 4. The robot system according to claim 3, wherein
the first gripping section includes a first claw section and a second claw section that come into contact with and separate from each other, and in a state in which the first claw section and the second claw section are in contact, the first claw section and the second claw section form a hole section through which the cable is inserted. 5. The robot system according to claim 4, wherein, when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction, the first claw section or the second claw section and the connector overlap. 6. A control method for a robot system including:
a first robot including a first arm; a first gripping section coupled to the first arm; a second robot including a second arm; a second gripping section coupled to the second arm; and an imaging section set in the second arm, the control method comprising: gripping, with the first gripping section, a connector of a cable, at one end of which the connector is provided and another end of which is fixed; imaging the connector with the imaging section; gripping the connector with the second gripping section based on a result of the imaging by the imaging section in a state in which a position of the first gripping section is maintained; releasing the gripping of the connector by the first gripping section; adjusting a posture of the connector with the second gripping section based on the imaging result; and gripping the connector, the posture of which is adjusted, with the first gripping section. 7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein, in the gripping the connector with the first gripping section,
the first gripping section performs first gripping for gripping the cable to restrict movement of the cable in a thickness direction of the cable, the first gripping section moves toward the connector in a state in which the first gripping is performed, and when the first gripping section comes into contact with the connector, the first gripping section stops the movement and performs second gripping for gripping the connector. | 3,600 |
343,482 | 16,802,873 | 3,675 | Nanostructure field-effect transistors (NSFETs) including isolation layers formed between epitaxial source/drain regions and semiconductor substrates and methods of forming the same are disclosed. In an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate; a gate stack over the semiconductor substrate, the gate stack including a gate electrode and a gate dielectric layer; a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the gate stack; and a high-k dielectric layer extending between the semiconductor substrate and the first epitaxial source/drain region, the high-k dielectric layer contacting the first epitaxial source/drain region, the gate dielectric layer and the high-k dielectric layer including the same material. | 1.-8. (canceled) 9. A method comprising:
depositing a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material; forming an epitaxial source/drain region in the multi-layer stack extending at least partially through the multi-layer stack; removing a first layer and a second layer of the multi-layer stack to form a first recess and a second recess, respectively; depositing a gate dielectric layer in the first recess and the second recess, the gate dielectric layer filling the first recess to form a first isolation layer, the first isolation layer extending between the epitaxial source/drain region and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a gate electrode material in the second recess. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein forming the epitaxial source/drain region comprises etching the multi-layer stack to form a first opening exposing a top surface of the first layer, and epitaxially growing the epitaxial source/drain region such that the epitaxial source/drain region fills the first opening. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the first layer is deposited to a first thickness from 4 nm to 6 nm and the second layer is deposited to a second thickness from 8 nm to 10 nm. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the gate dielectric layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition, and wherein the gate electrode material is formed by atomic layer deposition and physical vapor deposition. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein depositing the multi-layer stack comprises depositing a third layer over the second layer and the first layer, wherein depositing the gate dielectric layer comprises depositing the gate dielectric layer on four surfaces of the third layer of the multi-layer stack. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein removing the first layer and the second layer of the multi-layer stack comprises a selective etching process which etches the first layer and the second layer at a rate faster than the selective etching process etches the third layer. 15. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
depositing a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising a first sacrificial layer over the semiconductor substrate, a second sacrificial layer over the first sacrificial layer, a first channel layer over the second sacrificial layer, and a second channel layer over the first channel layer; forming a first source/drain region extending through the second channel layer, the first channel layer, and the second sacrificial layer to a first top surface of the first sacrificial layer; etching the first channel layer and the first sacrificial layer from a first region of the semiconductor device using a first etch process; and depositing a first dielectric layer in a first recess and a second recess formed by etching the first channel layer and the first sacrificial layer, respectively, the first dielectric layer filling the second recess. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a second source/drain region extending through the second channel layer and the first channel layer to a second top surface of the second sacrificial layer; etching the second channel layer and the second sacrificial layer from a second region of the semiconductor device using a second etch process; and depositing a second dielectric layer in a third recess and a fourth recess formed by etching the second channel layer and the second sacrificial layer, respectively, the second dielectric layer filling the fourth recess. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first region is an NMOS region, wherein the second region is a PMOS region, wherein the first sacrificial layer and the first channel layer comprise silicon germanium, and wherein the second sacrificial layer and the second channel layer comprise silicon. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
etching a first sidewall of the second channel layer in the first region to form a fifth recess, wherein forming the first source/drain region comprises etching the second channel layer, the first channel layer, and the second sacrificial layer to form a sixth recess, wherein the first sidewall of the second channel layer is etched through the sixth recess; and etching a second sidewall of the first channel layer in the second region to form a seventh recess, wherein forming the second source/drain region comprises etching the second channel layer and the first channel layer to form a eighth recess, wherein the second sidewall of the first channel layer is etched through the eighth recess. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
conformally depositing an inner spacer layer in the fifth recess, the sixth recess, the seventh recess, and the eighth recess, the inner spacer layer filling the fifth recess and the seventh recess; and etching the inner spacer layer to remove portions of the inner spacer layer outside the fifth recess and the seventh recess. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the first dielectric layer is deposited in the first recess, wherein the first dielectric layer is deposited to a first thickness greater than half a second thickness of the first sacrificial layer, wherein the second dielectric layer is deposited in the third recess, and wherein the second dielectric layer is deposited to a third thickness greater than half a fourth thickness of the second sacrificial layer. 21. A method comprising:
depositing a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material; patterning the multi-layer stack to form a first recess over the semiconductor substrate; forming a first epitaxial source/drain region in the first recess; removing a first layer and a second layer from the multi-layer stack to form a second recess and a third recess, respectively, wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise the first semiconductor material; depositing a high-k dielectric in the second recess; and depositing a gate stack in the third recess, the gate stack comprising a gate electrode and a gate dielectric, wherein the high-k dielectric and the gate dielectric comprise a same material. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
patterning the multi-layer stack to form a fourth recess over the semiconductor substrate; and forming a second epitaxial source/drain region in the fourth recess, wherein the gate stack is deposited between the first epitaxial source/drain region and the second epitaxial source/drain region, wherein the high-k dielectric is deposited extending continuously from below the first epitaxial source/drain region, under the gate stack, to below the second epitaxial source/drain region. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein a third layer and a fourth layer of the multi-layer stack remain after removing the first layer and the second layer, wherein the third layer and the fourth layer comprise the second semiconductor material, wherein the third layer is between the high-k dielectric and the gate stack, wherein the fourth layer forms a channel region, and wherein the gate stack is between the third layer and the fourth layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the third layer and the fourth layer comprise silicon, and wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region comprises silicon phosphide. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein a third layer of the multi-layer stack remains after removing the first layer and the second layer, wherein the third layer comprises the second semiconductor material, wherein the second semiconductor material is different from a third semiconductor material of the semiconductor substrate, and wherein the third layer is between the semiconductor substrate and the high-k dielectric. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein a fourth layer and a fifth layer of the multi-layer stack remain after removing the first layer and the second layer, wherein the fourth layer and the fifth layer comprise the second semiconductor material, wherein the fourth layer is between the high-k dielectric and the gate stack, and wherein the gate stack is between the fourth layer and the fifth layer. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the second semiconductor material comprises silicon germanium, and wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region comprises silicon germanium. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the high-k dielectric has a thickness from 2 nm to 3 nm. | Nanostructure field-effect transistors (NSFETs) including isolation layers formed between epitaxial source/drain regions and semiconductor substrates and methods of forming the same are disclosed. In an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate; a gate stack over the semiconductor substrate, the gate stack including a gate electrode and a gate dielectric layer; a first epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the gate stack; and a high-k dielectric layer extending between the semiconductor substrate and the first epitaxial source/drain region, the high-k dielectric layer contacting the first epitaxial source/drain region, the gate dielectric layer and the high-k dielectric layer including the same material.1.-8. (canceled) 9. A method comprising:
depositing a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material; forming an epitaxial source/drain region in the multi-layer stack extending at least partially through the multi-layer stack; removing a first layer and a second layer of the multi-layer stack to form a first recess and a second recess, respectively; depositing a gate dielectric layer in the first recess and the second recess, the gate dielectric layer filling the first recess to form a first isolation layer, the first isolation layer extending between the epitaxial source/drain region and the semiconductor substrate; and depositing a gate electrode material in the second recess. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein forming the epitaxial source/drain region comprises etching the multi-layer stack to form a first opening exposing a top surface of the first layer, and epitaxially growing the epitaxial source/drain region such that the epitaxial source/drain region fills the first opening. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the first layer is deposited to a first thickness from 4 nm to 6 nm and the second layer is deposited to a second thickness from 8 nm to 10 nm. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the gate dielectric layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition, and wherein the gate electrode material is formed by atomic layer deposition and physical vapor deposition. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein depositing the multi-layer stack comprises depositing a third layer over the second layer and the first layer, wherein depositing the gate dielectric layer comprises depositing the gate dielectric layer on four surfaces of the third layer of the multi-layer stack. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein removing the first layer and the second layer of the multi-layer stack comprises a selective etching process which etches the first layer and the second layer at a rate faster than the selective etching process etches the third layer. 15. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
depositing a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising a first sacrificial layer over the semiconductor substrate, a second sacrificial layer over the first sacrificial layer, a first channel layer over the second sacrificial layer, and a second channel layer over the first channel layer; forming a first source/drain region extending through the second channel layer, the first channel layer, and the second sacrificial layer to a first top surface of the first sacrificial layer; etching the first channel layer and the first sacrificial layer from a first region of the semiconductor device using a first etch process; and depositing a first dielectric layer in a first recess and a second recess formed by etching the first channel layer and the first sacrificial layer, respectively, the first dielectric layer filling the second recess. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a second source/drain region extending through the second channel layer and the first channel layer to a second top surface of the second sacrificial layer; etching the second channel layer and the second sacrificial layer from a second region of the semiconductor device using a second etch process; and depositing a second dielectric layer in a third recess and a fourth recess formed by etching the second channel layer and the second sacrificial layer, respectively, the second dielectric layer filling the fourth recess. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first region is an NMOS region, wherein the second region is a PMOS region, wherein the first sacrificial layer and the first channel layer comprise silicon germanium, and wherein the second sacrificial layer and the second channel layer comprise silicon. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
etching a first sidewall of the second channel layer in the first region to form a fifth recess, wherein forming the first source/drain region comprises etching the second channel layer, the first channel layer, and the second sacrificial layer to form a sixth recess, wherein the first sidewall of the second channel layer is etched through the sixth recess; and etching a second sidewall of the first channel layer in the second region to form a seventh recess, wherein forming the second source/drain region comprises etching the second channel layer and the first channel layer to form a eighth recess, wherein the second sidewall of the first channel layer is etched through the eighth recess. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
conformally depositing an inner spacer layer in the fifth recess, the sixth recess, the seventh recess, and the eighth recess, the inner spacer layer filling the fifth recess and the seventh recess; and etching the inner spacer layer to remove portions of the inner spacer layer outside the fifth recess and the seventh recess. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the first dielectric layer is deposited in the first recess, wherein the first dielectric layer is deposited to a first thickness greater than half a second thickness of the first sacrificial layer, wherein the second dielectric layer is deposited in the third recess, and wherein the second dielectric layer is deposited to a third thickness greater than half a fourth thickness of the second sacrificial layer. 21. A method comprising:
depositing a multi-layer stack over a semiconductor substrate, the multi-layer stack comprising alternating layers of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material; patterning the multi-layer stack to form a first recess over the semiconductor substrate; forming a first epitaxial source/drain region in the first recess; removing a first layer and a second layer from the multi-layer stack to form a second recess and a third recess, respectively, wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise the first semiconductor material; depositing a high-k dielectric in the second recess; and depositing a gate stack in the third recess, the gate stack comprising a gate electrode and a gate dielectric, wherein the high-k dielectric and the gate dielectric comprise a same material. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
patterning the multi-layer stack to form a fourth recess over the semiconductor substrate; and forming a second epitaxial source/drain region in the fourth recess, wherein the gate stack is deposited between the first epitaxial source/drain region and the second epitaxial source/drain region, wherein the high-k dielectric is deposited extending continuously from below the first epitaxial source/drain region, under the gate stack, to below the second epitaxial source/drain region. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein a third layer and a fourth layer of the multi-layer stack remain after removing the first layer and the second layer, wherein the third layer and the fourth layer comprise the second semiconductor material, wherein the third layer is between the high-k dielectric and the gate stack, wherein the fourth layer forms a channel region, and wherein the gate stack is between the third layer and the fourth layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the third layer and the fourth layer comprise silicon, and wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region comprises silicon phosphide. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein a third layer of the multi-layer stack remains after removing the first layer and the second layer, wherein the third layer comprises the second semiconductor material, wherein the second semiconductor material is different from a third semiconductor material of the semiconductor substrate, and wherein the third layer is between the semiconductor substrate and the high-k dielectric. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein a fourth layer and a fifth layer of the multi-layer stack remain after removing the first layer and the second layer, wherein the fourth layer and the fifth layer comprise the second semiconductor material, wherein the fourth layer is between the high-k dielectric and the gate stack, and wherein the gate stack is between the fourth layer and the fifth layer. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the second semiconductor material comprises silicon germanium, and wherein the first epitaxial source/drain region comprises silicon germanium. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the high-k dielectric has a thickness from 2 nm to 3 nm. | 3,600 |
343,483 | 16,802,891 | 3,675 | A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a to-be-etched layer, including alternately arranged first regions and second regions along a first direction; forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer; and forming a top mask layer on the first region and extending to the second region along the first direction. The projection pattern of the top mask layer divides the first mask layer formed on the first region into portions arranged in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. The method further includes removing a portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region on both sides of the top mask layer to form a first trench. The first mask layer on the first region under the top mask layer forms a separation mask layer which divides the first trench into portions arranged in the second direction. | 1. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other; forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer in both the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions; forming a top mask layer on the first mask layer on the first region of the to-be-etched layer, wherein a projection pattern of the top mask layer on a top surface of the first mask layer divides the first mask layer on the first region into portions arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the top mask layer extends to adjacent second regions along the first direction; and removing a portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region on both sides of the top mask layer to form a first trench in the first mask layer on the first region, wherein the first mask layer formed on the first region and located under the top mask layer forms a separation mask layer, and the separation mask layer divides the first trench into portions arranged in the second direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the top mask layer is made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
a size of the top mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein forming the top mask layer on the first mask layer on the first region includes:
forming a blocking layer on the first mask layer, wherein a bock-layer opening is formed in the blocking layer and located on a portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region, and the blocking-layer opening extends to expose a portion of the first mask layer in the second region along the first direction; forming the top mask layer in the blocking-layer opening; and after forming the top mask layer, removing the blocking layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first mask layer is made of a material including amorphous silicon. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the second region includes a trench region, and the method further includes:
prior to forming the top mask layer, implanting doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region;
after removing the portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region on both sides of the top mask layer, removing the top mask layer;
after removing the top mask layer, forming a separation trench in the first mask layer on the second region of the to-be-etched layer, wherein the separation trench divides the first mask layer formed in the trench region into portion arranged in the second direction;
after forming the separation trench, forming a sidewall spacing layer on sidewall surfaces of the first trench;
when forming the sidewall spacing layer, forming a separating filling layer in the separation trench, wherein for a first region and a second region adjacent to each other, the separation mask layer on the first region and the separating filling layer on the second region are separated from each other in the second direction;
after forming the sidewall spacing layer and the separation filling layer, removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the separation filling layer to form a second trench in the first mask layer on the second region of the to-be-etched layer, wherein the separation filling layer divides the second trench into portions arranged in the second direction, and the sidewall spacing layer is exposed in the second trench and serves as a portion of sidewalls of the second trench. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the doping ions include boron ions or arsenic ions. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is smaller than or equal to two times of a thickness of the sidewall spacing layer. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
a process for removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer is a wet etching process. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein:
in the process of removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer, an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer not implanted with the doping ions is larger than an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer implanted with the doping ions. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the sidewall spacing layer and the separation filling layer are made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 14. The method according to claim 7, after forming the second trench, further including:
etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the first trench to form a first target trench in the to-be-etched layer; etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the second trench to form a second target trench in the to-be-etched layer; forming a first conductive layer in the first target trench; and forming a second conductive layer in the second target trench. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other; a first mask layer, formed on the to-be-etched layer and implanted with doping ions; a plurality of first trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of first regions, wherein each first trench of the plurality of first trenches is divided into portions arranged in a second direction by a separation mask layer, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a plurality of second trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of second regions, wherein each second trench of the plurality of second trenches is divided into portions arranged in the second direction by a separation filling layer; and a sidewall spacing layer, serving as sidewalls of each first trench of the plurality of first trenches. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm; a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
the sidewall spacing layer and the separation filling layer are made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
the first mask layer is made of a material including amorphous silicon. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is smaller than or equal to two times of a thickness of the sidewall spacing layer. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
the doping ions include boron ions or arsenic ions. | A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a to-be-etched layer, including alternately arranged first regions and second regions along a first direction; forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer; and forming a top mask layer on the first region and extending to the second region along the first direction. The projection pattern of the top mask layer divides the first mask layer formed on the first region into portions arranged in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. The method further includes removing a portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region on both sides of the top mask layer to form a first trench. The first mask layer on the first region under the top mask layer forms a separation mask layer which divides the first trench into portions arranged in the second direction.1. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other; forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer in both the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions; forming a top mask layer on the first mask layer on the first region of the to-be-etched layer, wherein a projection pattern of the top mask layer on a top surface of the first mask layer divides the first mask layer on the first region into portions arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the top mask layer extends to adjacent second regions along the first direction; and removing a portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region on both sides of the top mask layer to form a first trench in the first mask layer on the first region, wherein the first mask layer formed on the first region and located under the top mask layer forms a separation mask layer, and the separation mask layer divides the first trench into portions arranged in the second direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the top mask layer is made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
a size of the top mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein forming the top mask layer on the first mask layer on the first region includes:
forming a blocking layer on the first mask layer, wherein a bock-layer opening is formed in the blocking layer and located on a portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region, and the blocking-layer opening extends to expose a portion of the first mask layer in the second region along the first direction; forming the top mask layer in the blocking-layer opening; and after forming the top mask layer, removing the blocking layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first mask layer is made of a material including amorphous silicon. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the second region includes a trench region, and the method further includes:
prior to forming the top mask layer, implanting doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region;
after removing the portion of the first mask layer formed on the first region on both sides of the top mask layer, removing the top mask layer;
after removing the top mask layer, forming a separation trench in the first mask layer on the second region of the to-be-etched layer, wherein the separation trench divides the first mask layer formed in the trench region into portion arranged in the second direction;
after forming the separation trench, forming a sidewall spacing layer on sidewall surfaces of the first trench;
when forming the sidewall spacing layer, forming a separating filling layer in the separation trench, wherein for a first region and a second region adjacent to each other, the separation mask layer on the first region and the separating filling layer on the second region are separated from each other in the second direction;
after forming the sidewall spacing layer and the separation filling layer, removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the separation filling layer to form a second trench in the first mask layer on the second region of the to-be-etched layer, wherein the separation filling layer divides the second trench into portions arranged in the second direction, and the sidewall spacing layer is exposed in the second trench and serves as a portion of sidewalls of the second trench. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the doping ions include boron ions or arsenic ions. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is smaller than or equal to two times of a thickness of the sidewall spacing layer. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
a process for removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer is a wet etching process. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein:
in the process of removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer, an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer not implanted with the doping ions is larger than an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer implanted with the doping ions. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the sidewall spacing layer and the separation filling layer are made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 14. The method according to claim 7, after forming the second trench, further including:
etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the first trench to form a first target trench in the to-be-etched layer; etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the second trench to form a second target trench in the to-be-etched layer; forming a first conductive layer in the first target trench; and forming a second conductive layer in the second target trench. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other; a first mask layer, formed on the to-be-etched layer and implanted with doping ions; a plurality of first trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of first regions, wherein each first trench of the plurality of first trenches is divided into portions arranged in a second direction by a separation mask layer, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a plurality of second trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of second regions, wherein each second trench of the plurality of second trenches is divided into portions arranged in the second direction by a separation filling layer; and a sidewall spacing layer, serving as sidewalls of each first trench of the plurality of first trenches. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm; a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
the sidewall spacing layer and the separation filling layer are made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
the first mask layer is made of a material including amorphous silicon. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
a size of the separation filling layer in the second direction is smaller than or equal to two times of a thickness of the sidewall spacing layer. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein:
the doping ions include boron ions or arsenic ions. | 3,600 |
343,484 | 16,802,900 | 3,675 | An applicating machine for applying a flexible carrier to a plurality of containers provided from an infeed includes an orienter for placing containers into a correct rotational position and a transfer device for transferring the oriented containers in a fixed rotational position to a jaw drum for applying a flexible carrier to a plurality of containers provided. | 1. A transfer device for transferring containers in a fixed rotational position, the transfer device comprising:
a central wheel; a radial position cam positioned relative to the central wheel; an angle position cam positioned relative to the central wheel; a plurality of can grippers arranged around the central wheel, each can gripper having a radial follower that engages with the radial position cam and an angle follower that engages with the angle position cam. 2. The transfer device of claim 1 further comprising:
a gripper head positioned at one end of each can gripper of the plurality of can grippers, the gripper head including a tactile gripping surface. 3. The transfer device of claim 1 further comprising:
a pivot follower extending from each can gripper. 4. The transfer device of claim 1 wherein the can grippers are configured to accommodate containers having diameters between approximately 2 inches and approximately 3 inches. 5. The transfer device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of can grippers are positioned radially around the central wheel and positionable between a constant pitch and a variable pitch. 6. The transfer device of claim 1I wherein the can grippers are positioned at a constant pitch between an infeed and an outfeed and a variable pitch between the outfeed and the infeed. 7. The transfer device of claim 6 wherein the infeed is less than 180 degrees from the outfeed. 8. The transfer device of claim 6 wherein the infeed is approximately 135 degrees from the outfeed. 9. The transfer device of claim 1 further comprising 24 can grippers positioned around a perimeter of the central wheel. 10. An applicating machine for applying a flexible carrier to a plurality of containers provided from an infeed, the applicating machine comprising:
an orienter for adjusting a rotational position of each container of the plurality of containers; a jaw drum positioned with respect to the infeed to accept the plurality of containers, the jaw drum applying the flexible carrier to the plurality of containers in a generally continuous sting; and a transfer device for moving oriented containers from the orienter to the jaw drum from a first pitch to a second pitch wherein the first pitch is greater than the second pitch. 11. The applicating machine of claim 10 wherein the transfer device is moveable in a rotational and radial direction. 12. The applicating machine of claim 10 wherein the transfer device further comprises:
a central wheel;
a radial position cam positioned relative to the central wheel; and
an angle position cam positioned relative to the central wheel. 13. The applicating machine of claim 12 wherein the transfer device further comprises:
a plurality of can grippers arranged around the central wheel, each cam gripper having a radial follower that engages with the radial position cam and an angle follower that engages with the angle position cam. 14. A method for packaging a generally continuous string of container carrier and containers into individual multipacks, the method comprising:
providing a generally continuous string of container carrier and containers to a transfer device at a first pitch and a first centerline; transferring the containers in a fixed angular position to a second pitch and a second centerline; and applying the container carrier to the containers. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
moving a plurality of can grippers in an angular and radial direction as the can grippers rotate around the transfer device. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein each container is fixed in a generally identical angular position to each adjacent container. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein each container is fixed in a different angular position to each adjacent container. | An applicating machine for applying a flexible carrier to a plurality of containers provided from an infeed includes an orienter for placing containers into a correct rotational position and a transfer device for transferring the oriented containers in a fixed rotational position to a jaw drum for applying a flexible carrier to a plurality of containers provided.1. A transfer device for transferring containers in a fixed rotational position, the transfer device comprising:
a central wheel; a radial position cam positioned relative to the central wheel; an angle position cam positioned relative to the central wheel; a plurality of can grippers arranged around the central wheel, each can gripper having a radial follower that engages with the radial position cam and an angle follower that engages with the angle position cam. 2. The transfer device of claim 1 further comprising:
a gripper head positioned at one end of each can gripper of the plurality of can grippers, the gripper head including a tactile gripping surface. 3. The transfer device of claim 1 further comprising:
a pivot follower extending from each can gripper. 4. The transfer device of claim 1 wherein the can grippers are configured to accommodate containers having diameters between approximately 2 inches and approximately 3 inches. 5. The transfer device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of can grippers are positioned radially around the central wheel and positionable between a constant pitch and a variable pitch. 6. The transfer device of claim 1I wherein the can grippers are positioned at a constant pitch between an infeed and an outfeed and a variable pitch between the outfeed and the infeed. 7. The transfer device of claim 6 wherein the infeed is less than 180 degrees from the outfeed. 8. The transfer device of claim 6 wherein the infeed is approximately 135 degrees from the outfeed. 9. The transfer device of claim 1 further comprising 24 can grippers positioned around a perimeter of the central wheel. 10. An applicating machine for applying a flexible carrier to a plurality of containers provided from an infeed, the applicating machine comprising:
an orienter for adjusting a rotational position of each container of the plurality of containers; a jaw drum positioned with respect to the infeed to accept the plurality of containers, the jaw drum applying the flexible carrier to the plurality of containers in a generally continuous sting; and a transfer device for moving oriented containers from the orienter to the jaw drum from a first pitch to a second pitch wherein the first pitch is greater than the second pitch. 11. The applicating machine of claim 10 wherein the transfer device is moveable in a rotational and radial direction. 12. The applicating machine of claim 10 wherein the transfer device further comprises:
a central wheel;
a radial position cam positioned relative to the central wheel; and
an angle position cam positioned relative to the central wheel. 13. The applicating machine of claim 12 wherein the transfer device further comprises:
a plurality of can grippers arranged around the central wheel, each cam gripper having a radial follower that engages with the radial position cam and an angle follower that engages with the angle position cam. 14. A method for packaging a generally continuous string of container carrier and containers into individual multipacks, the method comprising:
providing a generally continuous string of container carrier and containers to a transfer device at a first pitch and a first centerline; transferring the containers in a fixed angular position to a second pitch and a second centerline; and applying the container carrier to the containers. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
moving a plurality of can grippers in an angular and radial direction as the can grippers rotate around the transfer device. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein each container is fixed in a generally identical angular position to each adjacent container. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein each container is fixed in a different angular position to each adjacent container. | 3,600 |
343,485 | 16,802,915 | 3,675 | A drill tool for implant surgery including a first drill part having a first, smaller diameter for drilling a recess for an implant post and a second drill part having a second, larger diameter for drilling a recess for an implant hat is disclosed. The second drill part has one or more shape cutting edges and one or more sharp pre-cutting edges extending beyond said one or more shape cutting edges. | 1: A drill tool for implant surgery comprising a drill bit having a longitudinal y-axis, a proximal end, and a distal end opposite the proximal end in the longitudinal y-axis, the drill bit comprising:
a first drill part adjacent the distal end and comprising one or more cutting edges configured to drill a first diameter recess; and a second drill part further from the distal end than the first drill bit part and comprising:
one or more shape cutting edges configured to drill a second diameter recess; and
one or more sharp pre-cutting edges extending from each of the one or more shape cutting edges towards the distal end in the longitudinal y-axis and configured to extend a portion of the second diameter recess in the longitudinal y-axis without increasing the size of the first diameter recess,
wherein a shortest diameter of the second diameter recess is larger than a largest diameter of the first diameter recess. 2: The drill tool according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the one or more shape cutting edges and the longitudinal y-axis of the drill tool is designed to be 90° or less. 3: The drill tool according to claim 1, wherein the first diameter recess is adapted for an implant body of a specific implant to be implanted and the second diameter recess is adapted for an implant post of a specific implant to be implanted. 4: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein the second diameter recess has a depth defined by the thickness of the implant body between an articulating surface of the implant body and a bone contact surface of the implant body, the bone contacting side being opposite to the articulating surface. 5: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the second diameter recess that the one or more shape cutting edges and the one or more sharp pre-cutting edges are arranged to drill corresponds to, or is slightly smaller than, a diameter of the implant body to provide firm attachment in the bone; the first diameter recess that the one or more cutting edges of the first drill bit part are arranged to drill corresponds to, or is slightly smaller than, a diameter of the implant post to provide firm attachment in the bone; and the curvature of the one or more shape cutting edges corresponds to the curvature of bone contact surface of the specific implant to be implanted. 6: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein the size and shape of the specific implant to be implanted corresponds in large or partly or substantially to the size and shape of a cartilage damage in a specific patient. 7: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein the one or more shape cutting edges in side view are designed to correspond to the shape of at least one side of a bone contacting surface in a cross-sectional view of the specific implant to be implanted, and wherein the bone contacting surface is substantially flat or a bone contacting surface which comprises a protruding anchoring ring portion. 8: The drill tool according to claim 7, wherein the one or more shape cutting edges are provided with at least one protruding flange corresponding to said protruding anchoring ring portion. 9: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein an angle between the one or more shape cutting edges and the longitudinal y-axis is based on a corresponding angle of the specific implant to be implanted. 10: The drill tool according to claim 1, wherein the second diameter recess has a uniform cross-section perpendicular to the y-axis throughout the depth of the second diameter recess. 11: A kit comprising the drill tool according to claim 3 and the specific implant to be implanted. 12: An implant specific drill bit comprising:
a drill and bone remover body having a proximal end and a distal end and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a bone remover part located at the proximal end of the drill and bone remover body; and a central drill part located at the distal end of the drill and bone remover body and protruding from the bone remover part; wherein said bone remover part comprises one or more shape cutting edges placed peripherally around the central drill part, wherein said one or more shape cutting edges comprises one or more sharp pre-cutting edges extending longitudinally beyond said one or more shape cutting edges without contacting the central drill part. 13: The implant specific drill bit according to claim 12, wherein the one or more shape cutting edges comprise a flat surface or a surface which further comprises flanges. 14: A kit comprising the implant specific drill bit according to claim 12 and a specific implant to be implanted. | A drill tool for implant surgery including a first drill part having a first, smaller diameter for drilling a recess for an implant post and a second drill part having a second, larger diameter for drilling a recess for an implant hat is disclosed. The second drill part has one or more shape cutting edges and one or more sharp pre-cutting edges extending beyond said one or more shape cutting edges.1: A drill tool for implant surgery comprising a drill bit having a longitudinal y-axis, a proximal end, and a distal end opposite the proximal end in the longitudinal y-axis, the drill bit comprising:
a first drill part adjacent the distal end and comprising one or more cutting edges configured to drill a first diameter recess; and a second drill part further from the distal end than the first drill bit part and comprising:
one or more shape cutting edges configured to drill a second diameter recess; and
one or more sharp pre-cutting edges extending from each of the one or more shape cutting edges towards the distal end in the longitudinal y-axis and configured to extend a portion of the second diameter recess in the longitudinal y-axis without increasing the size of the first diameter recess,
wherein a shortest diameter of the second diameter recess is larger than a largest diameter of the first diameter recess. 2: The drill tool according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the one or more shape cutting edges and the longitudinal y-axis of the drill tool is designed to be 90° or less. 3: The drill tool according to claim 1, wherein the first diameter recess is adapted for an implant body of a specific implant to be implanted and the second diameter recess is adapted for an implant post of a specific implant to be implanted. 4: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein the second diameter recess has a depth defined by the thickness of the implant body between an articulating surface of the implant body and a bone contact surface of the implant body, the bone contacting side being opposite to the articulating surface. 5: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein:
the second diameter recess that the one or more shape cutting edges and the one or more sharp pre-cutting edges are arranged to drill corresponds to, or is slightly smaller than, a diameter of the implant body to provide firm attachment in the bone; the first diameter recess that the one or more cutting edges of the first drill bit part are arranged to drill corresponds to, or is slightly smaller than, a diameter of the implant post to provide firm attachment in the bone; and the curvature of the one or more shape cutting edges corresponds to the curvature of bone contact surface of the specific implant to be implanted. 6: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein the size and shape of the specific implant to be implanted corresponds in large or partly or substantially to the size and shape of a cartilage damage in a specific patient. 7: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein the one or more shape cutting edges in side view are designed to correspond to the shape of at least one side of a bone contacting surface in a cross-sectional view of the specific implant to be implanted, and wherein the bone contacting surface is substantially flat or a bone contacting surface which comprises a protruding anchoring ring portion. 8: The drill tool according to claim 7, wherein the one or more shape cutting edges are provided with at least one protruding flange corresponding to said protruding anchoring ring portion. 9: The drill tool according to claim 3, wherein an angle between the one or more shape cutting edges and the longitudinal y-axis is based on a corresponding angle of the specific implant to be implanted. 10: The drill tool according to claim 1, wherein the second diameter recess has a uniform cross-section perpendicular to the y-axis throughout the depth of the second diameter recess. 11: A kit comprising the drill tool according to claim 3 and the specific implant to be implanted. 12: An implant specific drill bit comprising:
a drill and bone remover body having a proximal end and a distal end and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a bone remover part located at the proximal end of the drill and bone remover body; and a central drill part located at the distal end of the drill and bone remover body and protruding from the bone remover part; wherein said bone remover part comprises one or more shape cutting edges placed peripherally around the central drill part, wherein said one or more shape cutting edges comprises one or more sharp pre-cutting edges extending longitudinally beyond said one or more shape cutting edges without contacting the central drill part. 13: The implant specific drill bit according to claim 12, wherein the one or more shape cutting edges comprise a flat surface or a surface which further comprises flanges. 14: A kit comprising the implant specific drill bit according to claim 12 and a specific implant to be implanted. | 3,600 |
343,486 | 16,802,872 | 3,675 | A camera module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a first Printed Circuit Board (PCB) configured to have an image sensor mounted thereon; a housing unit disposed over the first PCB; a holder module spaced apart from a bottom surface within the housing unit at a specific interval and configured to have a first coil wound on its outer circumferential face and to include at least lens therein; a second PCB combined with the bottom surface of the holder module; a third PCB disposed over the holder module; and a plurality of wire springs each configured to have one end connected to the second PCB and the other end connected to the third PCB. | 1. An optical image stabilization (OIS) unit, comprising:
a base; a holder module comprising an outer blade spaced apart from the base, a bobbin disposed in the outer blade, and a spring member coupled to the outer blade; a first coil disposed on the bobbin; a magnet configured to move the bobbin by interacting with the first coil; a second coil configured to move the holder module by interacting with the magnet; a wire supporting the holder module and electrically connected to the first coil through the spring member; and a buffer unit comprising a bent portion bent twice or more and connected to the wire such that the buffer unit absorbs load applied to the holder module. 2. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the bent portion comprises a first portion extending in a first direction, a second portion extending from the first portion in a second direction different from the first direction, and a third portion extending from the second portion in a third direction different from the second direction. 3. The OIS unit of claim 2, wherein an acute angle is formed by the first portion of the bent portion and the second portion of the bent portion. 4. The OIS unit of claim 2, wherein the third direction is parallel to the first direction. 5. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the bent portion comprises a zigzag shape. 6. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the buffer unit is configured to movably support the holder module, and
wherein a distance between both ends of the buffer unit is configured to be adjustable such that the buffer unit absorbs load applied to the holder module. 7. The OIS unit of claim 1, further comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) comprising a first portion disposed above the base and a second portion downwardly extending from the first portion,
wherein the wire is coupled to the first portion of the first PCB. 8. The OIS unit of claim 7, wherein the wire comprises six wires having a same length,
wherein the buffer unit comprises six buffer units, and wherein the six buffer units are connected with the six wires, respectively. 9. The OIS unit of claim 8, wherein the first PCB comprises a plurality of terminals,
wherein the plurality of terminals of the first PCB comprises two terminals for focusing and four terminals for Optical Image Stabilization (OIS), and wherein the first coil is electrically connected to the two terminals for focusing through the spring member and the two wires of the six wires. 10. The OIS unit of claim 7, further comprising a first solder disposed at one distal end of the wire to couple the wire to the holder module and a second solder disposed at the other distal end of the wire to be applied with a current to the first coil,
wherein the wire and the spring member are electrically connected through the first solder, and wherein the first portion of the first PCB is disposed between the first solder and the second solder. 11. The OIS unit of claim 10, wherein the second solder connects the wire to the first portion of the first PCB,
wherein the first PCB comprises a pad formed on the first portion of the first PCB and comprising a hole, wherein the pad comprises a first surface facing the holder module and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and wherein the wire passes the hole of the pad and is coupled to the second surface of the pad. 12. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the buffer unit is disposed nearer to the outer blade than the base, and
wherein the buffer unit is disposed nearer to the upper spring member than the lower spring member. 13. The OIS unit of claim 1, comprising a shield can coupled with the base,
wherein the magnet comprises four magnets, wherein the second coil comprises four coils, and wherein the spring member comprises an upper spring member coupled with an upper portion of the outer blade, and a lower spring member coupled with a lower portion of the outer blade. 14. A camera module, comprising:
a second printed circuit board (PCB); an image sensor disposed on the second PCB; the OIS unit of claim 1 disposed above the second PCB; and a lens coupled to the bobbin of the OIS unit. 15. A mobile phone comprising the camera module of claim 14. 16. An optical image stabilization (OIS) unit, comprising:
a base; a holder module comprising an outer blade spaced apart from the base, a bobbin disposed in the outer blade, and a spring member coupled to the outer blade; a first coil disposed on the bobbin; a magnet configured to move the bobbin by interacting with the first coil; a second coil configured to move the holder module by interacting with the magnet; a wire supporting the holder module and electrically connected to the first coil through the spring member; and a buffer unit comprising a bent portion comprising a first portion extending in a first direction, a second portion extending from the first portion in a second direction different from the first direction, and a third portion extending from the second portion in a third direction different from the second direction. 17. The OIS unit of claim 16, wherein an acute angle is formed by the first portion of the bent portion and the second portion of the bent portion. 18. The OIS unit of claim 16, wherein the third direction is parallel to the first direction. 19. The OIS unit of claim 16, wherein the bent portion comprises a zigzag shape. 20. An optical image stabilization (OIS) unit, comprising:
a base; a holder module comprising an outer blade spaced apart from the base, a bobbin disposed in the outer blade, and a spring member coupled to the outer blade; a first coil disposed on the bobbin; a magnet configured to move the bobbin by interacting with the first coil; a second coil configured to move the holder module by interacting with the magnet; and a wire supporting the holder module. | A camera module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a first Printed Circuit Board (PCB) configured to have an image sensor mounted thereon; a housing unit disposed over the first PCB; a holder module spaced apart from a bottom surface within the housing unit at a specific interval and configured to have a first coil wound on its outer circumferential face and to include at least lens therein; a second PCB combined with the bottom surface of the holder module; a third PCB disposed over the holder module; and a plurality of wire springs each configured to have one end connected to the second PCB and the other end connected to the third PCB.1. An optical image stabilization (OIS) unit, comprising:
a base; a holder module comprising an outer blade spaced apart from the base, a bobbin disposed in the outer blade, and a spring member coupled to the outer blade; a first coil disposed on the bobbin; a magnet configured to move the bobbin by interacting with the first coil; a second coil configured to move the holder module by interacting with the magnet; a wire supporting the holder module and electrically connected to the first coil through the spring member; and a buffer unit comprising a bent portion bent twice or more and connected to the wire such that the buffer unit absorbs load applied to the holder module. 2. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the bent portion comprises a first portion extending in a first direction, a second portion extending from the first portion in a second direction different from the first direction, and a third portion extending from the second portion in a third direction different from the second direction. 3. The OIS unit of claim 2, wherein an acute angle is formed by the first portion of the bent portion and the second portion of the bent portion. 4. The OIS unit of claim 2, wherein the third direction is parallel to the first direction. 5. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the bent portion comprises a zigzag shape. 6. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the buffer unit is configured to movably support the holder module, and
wherein a distance between both ends of the buffer unit is configured to be adjustable such that the buffer unit absorbs load applied to the holder module. 7. The OIS unit of claim 1, further comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) comprising a first portion disposed above the base and a second portion downwardly extending from the first portion,
wherein the wire is coupled to the first portion of the first PCB. 8. The OIS unit of claim 7, wherein the wire comprises six wires having a same length,
wherein the buffer unit comprises six buffer units, and wherein the six buffer units are connected with the six wires, respectively. 9. The OIS unit of claim 8, wherein the first PCB comprises a plurality of terminals,
wherein the plurality of terminals of the first PCB comprises two terminals for focusing and four terminals for Optical Image Stabilization (OIS), and wherein the first coil is electrically connected to the two terminals for focusing through the spring member and the two wires of the six wires. 10. The OIS unit of claim 7, further comprising a first solder disposed at one distal end of the wire to couple the wire to the holder module and a second solder disposed at the other distal end of the wire to be applied with a current to the first coil,
wherein the wire and the spring member are electrically connected through the first solder, and wherein the first portion of the first PCB is disposed between the first solder and the second solder. 11. The OIS unit of claim 10, wherein the second solder connects the wire to the first portion of the first PCB,
wherein the first PCB comprises a pad formed on the first portion of the first PCB and comprising a hole, wherein the pad comprises a first surface facing the holder module and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and wherein the wire passes the hole of the pad and is coupled to the second surface of the pad. 12. The OIS unit of claim 1, wherein the buffer unit is disposed nearer to the outer blade than the base, and
wherein the buffer unit is disposed nearer to the upper spring member than the lower spring member. 13. The OIS unit of claim 1, comprising a shield can coupled with the base,
wherein the magnet comprises four magnets, wherein the second coil comprises four coils, and wherein the spring member comprises an upper spring member coupled with an upper portion of the outer blade, and a lower spring member coupled with a lower portion of the outer blade. 14. A camera module, comprising:
a second printed circuit board (PCB); an image sensor disposed on the second PCB; the OIS unit of claim 1 disposed above the second PCB; and a lens coupled to the bobbin of the OIS unit. 15. A mobile phone comprising the camera module of claim 14. 16. An optical image stabilization (OIS) unit, comprising:
a base; a holder module comprising an outer blade spaced apart from the base, a bobbin disposed in the outer blade, and a spring member coupled to the outer blade; a first coil disposed on the bobbin; a magnet configured to move the bobbin by interacting with the first coil; a second coil configured to move the holder module by interacting with the magnet; a wire supporting the holder module and electrically connected to the first coil through the spring member; and a buffer unit comprising a bent portion comprising a first portion extending in a first direction, a second portion extending from the first portion in a second direction different from the first direction, and a third portion extending from the second portion in a third direction different from the second direction. 17. The OIS unit of claim 16, wherein an acute angle is formed by the first portion of the bent portion and the second portion of the bent portion. 18. The OIS unit of claim 16, wherein the third direction is parallel to the first direction. 19. The OIS unit of claim 16, wherein the bent portion comprises a zigzag shape. 20. An optical image stabilization (OIS) unit, comprising:
a base; a holder module comprising an outer blade spaced apart from the base, a bobbin disposed in the outer blade, and a spring member coupled to the outer blade; a first coil disposed on the bobbin; a magnet configured to move the bobbin by interacting with the first coil; a second coil configured to move the holder module by interacting with the magnet; and a wire supporting the holder module. | 3,600 |
343,487 | 16,802,928 | 3,675 | The method for creating an optical fiber ribbon of the present disclosure includes a first step of arranging a plurality of optical fibers in parallel to each other for creating the optical fiber ribbon. In addition, the method includes a second step of intermittently bonding the plurality of optical fibers partially at specific intervals using a matrix material. Further, intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is in pattern of text. Furthermore, intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers allows the optical fiber ribbon to bend along preferential axis. Moreover, intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is in pattern of text. | 1. A method of creating an optical fiber ribbon, comprising:
arranging a plurality of optical fibers in parallel to each other for creating the optical fiber ribbon, and intermittently bonding the plurality of optical fibers partially at specific intervals using a matrix material, wherein intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is used for identification of each ribbon. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bonding is in a predefined pattern for identification of each ribbon. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bond is colored as per color code for identification of each ribbon. 4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the predefined pattern of the intermittent bond is in the form of text, wherein the text is visible from a plane perpendicular to axis of the optical fiber ribbon. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bonding is in the form of predefined pattern and color code for identification. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is a fluorescent matrix material. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is intermittent in a plane perpendicular to axis of the optical fiber ribbon. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers allows the optical fiber ribbon to bend along preferential axis. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material of the optical fiber ribbon is characterized by thickness in range of about 15 micron to 20 micron. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material of the optical fiber ribbon is an ultraviolet acrylate resin. 11. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising binding a plurality of optical fiber ribbons with a polyester binder, wherein the polyester binder is helically rotated over the plurality of optical fiber ribbons for grouping the plurality of optical fiber ribbons without using a buffer tube, wherein each of the plurality of optical fiber ribbons corresponds to the optical fiber ribbon. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising binding a plurality of optical fiber ribbons with a polyester binder, wherein the polyester binder is a colored polyester binder. 13. An optical fiber ribbon, comprising:
a plurality of optical fibers, wherein adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers being intermittently bonded along a length of the plurality of optical fibers, wherein the adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers are intermittently bonded using a matrix material, intermittent bonds forming a predefined pattern on the optical fiber ribbon for identification of each ribbon, wherein the predefined pattern in in a form of text. 14. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the matrix material is one or more of colored and fluorescent. 15. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the matrix material forming intermittent bond has a thickness in range of about 15 micron to 20 micron. 16. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the matrix material is ultraviolet acrylate resin. 17. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the optical fiber ribbon further comprises a plurality of optical fiber ribbons bind with a polyester binder, wherein the polyester binder is helically rotated over the plurality of optical fiber ribbons for grouping the plurality of optical fiber ribbons without using a buffer tube. 18. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the optical fiber ribbon comprises a plurality of optical fiber ribbons bind with a polyester binder, wherein each of the plurality of optical fiber ribbons corresponds to the optical fiber ribbon, wherein the polyester binder is a colored polyester binder. 19. An optical fiber ribbon, comprising:
a plurality of optical fibers, wherein adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers being intermittently bonded along a length of the plurality of optical fibers, wherein the adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers are intermittently bonded using a matrix material, intermittent bonds forming a predefined pattern on the optical fiber ribbon for identification of each ribbon, wherein the matrix material is one or more of colored and fluorescent. 20. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 19, wherein the predefined pattern in in a form of text. | The method for creating an optical fiber ribbon of the present disclosure includes a first step of arranging a plurality of optical fibers in parallel to each other for creating the optical fiber ribbon. In addition, the method includes a second step of intermittently bonding the plurality of optical fibers partially at specific intervals using a matrix material. Further, intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is in pattern of text. Furthermore, intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers allows the optical fiber ribbon to bend along preferential axis. Moreover, intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is in pattern of text.1. A method of creating an optical fiber ribbon, comprising:
arranging a plurality of optical fibers in parallel to each other for creating the optical fiber ribbon, and intermittently bonding the plurality of optical fibers partially at specific intervals using a matrix material, wherein intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is used for identification of each ribbon. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bonding is in a predefined pattern for identification of each ribbon. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bond is colored as per color code for identification of each ribbon. 4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the predefined pattern of the intermittent bond is in the form of text, wherein the text is visible from a plane perpendicular to axis of the optical fiber ribbon. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bonding is in the form of predefined pattern and color code for identification. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is a fluorescent matrix material. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers is intermittent in a plane perpendicular to axis of the optical fiber ribbon. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent bonding of the plurality of optical fibers allows the optical fiber ribbon to bend along preferential axis. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material of the optical fiber ribbon is characterized by thickness in range of about 15 micron to 20 micron. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material of the optical fiber ribbon is an ultraviolet acrylate resin. 11. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising binding a plurality of optical fiber ribbons with a polyester binder, wherein the polyester binder is helically rotated over the plurality of optical fiber ribbons for grouping the plurality of optical fiber ribbons without using a buffer tube, wherein each of the plurality of optical fiber ribbons corresponds to the optical fiber ribbon. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising binding a plurality of optical fiber ribbons with a polyester binder, wherein the polyester binder is a colored polyester binder. 13. An optical fiber ribbon, comprising:
a plurality of optical fibers, wherein adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers being intermittently bonded along a length of the plurality of optical fibers, wherein the adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers are intermittently bonded using a matrix material, intermittent bonds forming a predefined pattern on the optical fiber ribbon for identification of each ribbon, wherein the predefined pattern in in a form of text. 14. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the matrix material is one or more of colored and fluorescent. 15. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the matrix material forming intermittent bond has a thickness in range of about 15 micron to 20 micron. 16. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the matrix material is ultraviolet acrylate resin. 17. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the optical fiber ribbon further comprises a plurality of optical fiber ribbons bind with a polyester binder, wherein the polyester binder is helically rotated over the plurality of optical fiber ribbons for grouping the plurality of optical fiber ribbons without using a buffer tube. 18. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 13, wherein the optical fiber ribbon comprises a plurality of optical fiber ribbons bind with a polyester binder, wherein each of the plurality of optical fiber ribbons corresponds to the optical fiber ribbon, wherein the polyester binder is a colored polyester binder. 19. An optical fiber ribbon, comprising:
a plurality of optical fibers, wherein adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers being intermittently bonded along a length of the plurality of optical fibers, wherein the adjacent fibers of the plurality of optical fibers are intermittently bonded using a matrix material, intermittent bonds forming a predefined pattern on the optical fiber ribbon for identification of each ribbon, wherein the matrix material is one or more of colored and fluorescent. 20. The optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 19, wherein the predefined pattern in in a form of text. | 3,600 |
343,488 | 16,802,886 | 2,859 | Various embodiments are described that relate to a battery. A battery, such as a battery with a common input/output terminal, can be tested. Part of this testing can include charging the battery and discharging the battery. It can be dangerous to switch out an interface between charging and discharging. Therefore, a single interface can be employed that enables the battery to be charged and discarded. With this, the battery can be charged and discharged without the danger of switching the interface. | 1. A system, comprising:
an exchange component, that is at least partially hardware, configured to physically interface with a common input/output terminal of a battery; and a conduit component configured to receive a charge and a discharge for the battery while the exchange component is interfaced with the battery such that the interface between the exchange component and the battery is configured to not be removed between a charge and a discharge, where the exchange component and the conduit component are coupled together, and where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the exchange component between a charge and a discharge. 2. The system of claim 1,
where the battery is a large format battery. 3. The system of claim 1,
where the battery is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 4. The system of claim 1,
where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a charge device configured to supply the charge, where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a discharge device configured to supply the discharge while the conduit component is coupled to the charge device, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the charge device between a first charge and a first discharge, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the discharge device between the first discharge and then a second charge, where the first discharge occurs after the first charge, where the second charge occurs after the first discharge, where the first charge and the second charge are different charge amounts, and where the charge device and discharge device are two distinct physical units. 5. The system of claim 4, comprising:
an isolation component configured to isolate the charge device from the discharge device. 6. The system of claim 5,
where the isolation component isolates the charge device from the discharge device, at least in part, by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 7. The system of claim 1, comprising:
an administration component configured to manage between the charge and the discharge. 8. The system of claim 7, comprising:
a charge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to charge the battery; and a discharge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to discharge the battery, where the charge relay is configured to be open when the battery receives the discharge and where the discharge relay configured to be open when the battery receives the charge. 9. A system, comprising:
an exchange component, that is at least partially hardware, configured to physically interface with a common input/output terminal of a battery; a conduit component configured to receive a charge and a discharge for the battery while the exchange component is interfaced with the battery such that the interface between the exchange component and the battery is configured to not be removed between a charge and a discharge; a charge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to charge the battery; and a discharge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to discharge the battery, where the charge relay is configured to be open when the battery receives the discharge, where the discharge relay configured to be open when the battery receives the charge, where the exchange component and the conduit component are coupled together, and where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the exchange component between a charge and a discharge. 10. The system of claim 9,
where the battery is a large format battery. 11. The system of claim 9,
where the battery is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 12. The system of claim 9,
where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a charge device configured to supply the charge, where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a discharge device configured to supply the discharge while the conduit component is coupled to the charge device, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the charge device between a first charge and a first discharge, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the discharge device between the first discharge and then a second charge, where the first discharge occurs after the first charge, where the second charge occurs after the first discharge, where the first charge and the second charge are different charge amounts, and where the charge device and discharge device are two distinct physical units. 13. The system of claim 12, comprising:
an isolation component configured to isolate the charge device from the discharge device. 14. The system of claim 13,
where the isolation component isolates the charge device from the discharge device, at least in part, by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 15. The system of claim 9, comprising:
an administration component configured to manage between the designation to charge the battery and the designation to discharge the battery. 16. A system, comprising:
an exchange component, that is at least partially hardware, configured to physically interface with a common input/output terminal of a battery; a conduit component configured to receive a charge and a discharge for the battery while the exchange component is interfaced with the battery such that the interface between the exchange component and the battery is configured to not be removed between a charge and a discharge; and an administration component configured to manage between the charge and the discharge indicated by a selector switch, where the exchange component and the conduit component are coupled together, and where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the exchange component between a charge and a discharge. 17. The system of claim 16,
where the battery is a large format battery and where the battery is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 18. The system of claim 16,
where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a charge device configured to supply the charge, where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a discharge device configured to supply the discharge while the conduit component is coupled to the charge device, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the charge device between a first charge and a first discharge, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the discharge device between the first discharge and then a second charge, where the first discharge occurs after the first charge, where the second charge occurs after the first discharge, where the first charge and the second charge are different charge amounts, and where the charge device and discharge device are two distinct physical units. 19. The system of claim 18, comprising:
an isolation component configured to isolate the charge device from the discharge device, where the isolation component isolates the charge device from the discharge device, at least in part, by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 20. The system of claim 16, comprising:
a charge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation from the selector switch to charge the battery; and a discharge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation from the selector switch to discharge the battery, where the charge relay is configured to be open when the battery receives the discharge and where the discharge relay configured to be open when the battery receives the charge. | Various embodiments are described that relate to a battery. A battery, such as a battery with a common input/output terminal, can be tested. Part of this testing can include charging the battery and discharging the battery. It can be dangerous to switch out an interface between charging and discharging. Therefore, a single interface can be employed that enables the battery to be charged and discarded. With this, the battery can be charged and discharged without the danger of switching the interface.1. A system, comprising:
an exchange component, that is at least partially hardware, configured to physically interface with a common input/output terminal of a battery; and a conduit component configured to receive a charge and a discharge for the battery while the exchange component is interfaced with the battery such that the interface between the exchange component and the battery is configured to not be removed between a charge and a discharge, where the exchange component and the conduit component are coupled together, and where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the exchange component between a charge and a discharge. 2. The system of claim 1,
where the battery is a large format battery. 3. The system of claim 1,
where the battery is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 4. The system of claim 1,
where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a charge device configured to supply the charge, where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a discharge device configured to supply the discharge while the conduit component is coupled to the charge device, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the charge device between a first charge and a first discharge, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the discharge device between the first discharge and then a second charge, where the first discharge occurs after the first charge, where the second charge occurs after the first discharge, where the first charge and the second charge are different charge amounts, and where the charge device and discharge device are two distinct physical units. 5. The system of claim 4, comprising:
an isolation component configured to isolate the charge device from the discharge device. 6. The system of claim 5,
where the isolation component isolates the charge device from the discharge device, at least in part, by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 7. The system of claim 1, comprising:
an administration component configured to manage between the charge and the discharge. 8. The system of claim 7, comprising:
a charge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to charge the battery; and a discharge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to discharge the battery, where the charge relay is configured to be open when the battery receives the discharge and where the discharge relay configured to be open when the battery receives the charge. 9. A system, comprising:
an exchange component, that is at least partially hardware, configured to physically interface with a common input/output terminal of a battery; a conduit component configured to receive a charge and a discharge for the battery while the exchange component is interfaced with the battery such that the interface between the exchange component and the battery is configured to not be removed between a charge and a discharge; a charge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to charge the battery; and a discharge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation to discharge the battery, where the charge relay is configured to be open when the battery receives the discharge, where the discharge relay configured to be open when the battery receives the charge, where the exchange component and the conduit component are coupled together, and where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the exchange component between a charge and a discharge. 10. The system of claim 9,
where the battery is a large format battery. 11. The system of claim 9,
where the battery is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 12. The system of claim 9,
where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a charge device configured to supply the charge, where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a discharge device configured to supply the discharge while the conduit component is coupled to the charge device, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the charge device between a first charge and a first discharge, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the discharge device between the first discharge and then a second charge, where the first discharge occurs after the first charge, where the second charge occurs after the first discharge, where the first charge and the second charge are different charge amounts, and where the charge device and discharge device are two distinct physical units. 13. The system of claim 12, comprising:
an isolation component configured to isolate the charge device from the discharge device. 14. The system of claim 13,
where the isolation component isolates the charge device from the discharge device, at least in part, by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 15. The system of claim 9, comprising:
an administration component configured to manage between the designation to charge the battery and the designation to discharge the battery. 16. A system, comprising:
an exchange component, that is at least partially hardware, configured to physically interface with a common input/output terminal of a battery; a conduit component configured to receive a charge and a discharge for the battery while the exchange component is interfaced with the battery such that the interface between the exchange component and the battery is configured to not be removed between a charge and a discharge; and an administration component configured to manage between the charge and the discharge indicated by a selector switch, where the exchange component and the conduit component are coupled together, and where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the exchange component between a charge and a discharge. 17. The system of claim 16,
where the battery is a large format battery and where the battery is of at least about 20 Volts direct current. 18. The system of claim 16,
where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a charge device configured to supply the charge, where the conduit component is configured to be coupled to a discharge device configured to supply the discharge while the conduit component is coupled to the charge device, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the charge device between a first charge and a first discharge, where the conduit component is configured to not be decoupled from the discharge device between the first discharge and then a second charge, where the first discharge occurs after the first charge, where the second charge occurs after the first discharge, where the first charge and the second charge are different charge amounts, and where the charge device and discharge device are two distinct physical units. 19. The system of claim 18, comprising:
an isolation component configured to isolate the charge device from the discharge device, where the isolation component isolates the charge device from the discharge device, at least in part, by way of a transient-voltage-suppression diode. 20. The system of claim 16, comprising:
a charge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation from the selector switch to charge the battery; and a discharge relay configured to be closed in response to a designation from the selector switch to discharge the battery, where the charge relay is configured to be open when the battery receives the discharge and where the discharge relay configured to be open when the battery receives the charge. | 2,800 |
343,489 | 16,802,934 | 2,859 | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media for Interposed Secure Function Calls. One of the operations is performed by interposing a first application function with a second application function. The second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code. The process or other code makes a function call to the first application function, but instead of executing the first application function, the interposed second application function is executed. The function call includes an argument payload which is evaluated for safety and security. If the function call and/or argument payload is determined to be safe, the interposed second application function will perform the first application function using the argument payload. Otherwise, the first application function is not performed. | 1. A system comprising one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
interposing a first application function with a second application function, wherein the second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code; receiving from the process or other code, a function call to the first application function, and instead of executing the first application function, executing the interposed second application function, wherein the received function call has an argument payload; determining the safety to perform the received function call; and performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function using the argument payload when the received function call is determined safe to be performed, or otherwise not performing the first application function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
receiving a list of website addresses, wherein the list of websites identifies domain names or IP addresses that are not safe to access; comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to the list to determine whether the payload includes a website address identified on the list; and preventing access to the website address when the argument payload has been determined to include a website address on the list. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether at least a portion of the argument payload includes sensitive data and whether the received function call includes a network request; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes sensitive data and the received function call includes a network request. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
transmitting at least a portion of the argument payload to a remote server, wherein the remote server evaluates the safety of the argument payload; receiving from the remote server an indication of whether the argument payload is safe; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received indication is that the payload is unsafe. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to a list of predetermined HTML tags; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes one or more of the predetermined HTML tags. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a size of the argument payload to a threshold acceptable argument payload size; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the size of the argument payload exceeds the threshold acceptable argument payload size. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether the argument payload is encrypted or compressed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload has been determined to be encrypted or compressed. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a type of the received function call to a list of predetermined types of function calls; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the type of the received function call is included in the list of predetermined types of function calls. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
evaluating whether the argument payload includes encoded polymorphic code that is able to decode itself so that the polymorphic code may be executed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes polymorphic code. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
indicating a device of the computer system as not to be used, wherein the device comprises a camera or microphone; determining whether the received function call would try to activate the device of the computer system that has been indicated as not to be used; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received function call would try to activate the device that has been indicated as not to be used. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the application is a web browser, and JavaScript code to perform the interposing of the first application function is included in a <head> tag of a web page 12. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining a number of features of the received function call and/or of a web page performing the received function call, wherein the features include at least one or more of the argument payload, a domain name or IP address of a web site, a user's type of browser agent, sensitive data in the argument payload, whether there is polymorphic code present in the argument payload; and determining whether the received function call is safe to be performed based on a function of the determined features. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising the operation of:
loading interposition code in a secure tamperproof manner, wherein the interposition code interposes the first application function with the second application function. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising the operation of:
removing from the original argument payload one or more suspicious arguments, data, code, and/or sensitive data to create a safe argument payload; and wherein performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function uses the safe argument payload instead of the original argument payload. 15. A method implemented by a system comprising one or more processors, the method comprising:
interposing a first application function with a second application function, wherein the second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code; receiving from the process or other code, a function call to the first application function, and instead of executing the first application function, executing the interposed second application function, wherein the received function call has an argument payload; determining the safety to perform the received function call; and performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function using the argument payload when the received function call is determined safe to be performed, or otherwise not performing the first application function. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
receiving a list of website addresses, wherein the list of websites identifies domain names or IP addresses that are not safe to access; comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to the list to determine whether the payload includes a website address identified on the list; and preventing access to the website address when the argument payload has been determined to include a web site address on the list. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether at least a portion of the argument payload includes sensitive data and whether the received function call includes a network request; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes sensitive data and the received function call includes a network request. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
transmitting at least a portion of the argument payload to a remote server, wherein the remote server evaluates the safety of the argument payload; receiving from the remote server an indication of whether the argument payload is safe; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received indication is that the payload is unsafe. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to a list of predetermined HTML tags; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes one or more of the predetermined HTML tags. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a size of the argument payload to a threshold acceptable argument payload size; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the size of the argument payload exceeds the threshold acceptable argument payload size. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether the argument payload is encrypted or compressed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload has been determined to be encrypted or compressed. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a type of the received function call to a list of predetermined types of function calls; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the type of the received function call is included in the list of predetermined types of function calls. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
evaluating whether the argument payload includes encoded polymorphic code that is able to decode itself so that the polymorphic code may be executed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes polymorphic code. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
indicating a device of the computer system as not to be used, wherein the device comprises a camera or microphone; determining whether the received function call would try to activate the device of the computer system that has been indicated as not to be used; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received function call would try to activate the device that has been indicated as not to be used. 25. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is a web browser, and JavaScript code to perform the interposing of the first application function is included in a <head> tag of a web page. 26. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining a number of features of the received function call and/or of a web page, wherein the features include at least one or more of the argument payload, a domain name or IP address of a website, a user's type of browser agent, sensitive data in the argument payload, whether there is polymorphic code present in the argument payload; and determining whether the received function call is safe to be performed based on a function of the determined features. 27. The method of claim 15, further comprising the operation of:
loading interposition code in a secure tamperproof manner, wherein the interposition code interposes the first application function with the second application function. 28. The method of claim 15, further comprising the operation of:
removing from the original argument payload one or more suspicious arguments, data, code, and/or sensitive data to create a safe argument payload; and wherein performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function uses the safe argument payload instead of the original argument payload. 29. A system comprising one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
interposing a first application function with a second application function, wherein the second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code; receiving from the process or other code, a function call to the first application function, and instead of executing the first application function, executing the interposed second application function, wherein the received function call has an argument payload; and tracking an event of the received function call by transmitting, by the interposed second application function data, to a server about the received function call, wherein the data includes one or more of the following information: the date/time of the function call, the argument payload, name of the process or other code making the function call, the number of arguments of the received function call, the size of the argument payload, a customer identifier, or a web page identifier. | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media for Interposed Secure Function Calls. One of the operations is performed by interposing a first application function with a second application function. The second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code. The process or other code makes a function call to the first application function, but instead of executing the first application function, the interposed second application function is executed. The function call includes an argument payload which is evaluated for safety and security. If the function call and/or argument payload is determined to be safe, the interposed second application function will perform the first application function using the argument payload. Otherwise, the first application function is not performed.1. A system comprising one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
interposing a first application function with a second application function, wherein the second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code; receiving from the process or other code, a function call to the first application function, and instead of executing the first application function, executing the interposed second application function, wherein the received function call has an argument payload; determining the safety to perform the received function call; and performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function using the argument payload when the received function call is determined safe to be performed, or otherwise not performing the first application function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
receiving a list of website addresses, wherein the list of websites identifies domain names or IP addresses that are not safe to access; comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to the list to determine whether the payload includes a website address identified on the list; and preventing access to the website address when the argument payload has been determined to include a website address on the list. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether at least a portion of the argument payload includes sensitive data and whether the received function call includes a network request; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes sensitive data and the received function call includes a network request. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
transmitting at least a portion of the argument payload to a remote server, wherein the remote server evaluates the safety of the argument payload; receiving from the remote server an indication of whether the argument payload is safe; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received indication is that the payload is unsafe. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to a list of predetermined HTML tags; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes one or more of the predetermined HTML tags. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a size of the argument payload to a threshold acceptable argument payload size; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the size of the argument payload exceeds the threshold acceptable argument payload size. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether the argument payload is encrypted or compressed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload has been determined to be encrypted or compressed. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a type of the received function call to a list of predetermined types of function calls; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the type of the received function call is included in the list of predetermined types of function calls. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
evaluating whether the argument payload includes encoded polymorphic code that is able to decode itself so that the polymorphic code may be executed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes polymorphic code. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
indicating a device of the computer system as not to be used, wherein the device comprises a camera or microphone; determining whether the received function call would try to activate the device of the computer system that has been indicated as not to be used; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received function call would try to activate the device that has been indicated as not to be used. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the application is a web browser, and JavaScript code to perform the interposing of the first application function is included in a <head> tag of a web page 12. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining a number of features of the received function call and/or of a web page performing the received function call, wherein the features include at least one or more of the argument payload, a domain name or IP address of a web site, a user's type of browser agent, sensitive data in the argument payload, whether there is polymorphic code present in the argument payload; and determining whether the received function call is safe to be performed based on a function of the determined features. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising the operation of:
loading interposition code in a secure tamperproof manner, wherein the interposition code interposes the first application function with the second application function. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising the operation of:
removing from the original argument payload one or more suspicious arguments, data, code, and/or sensitive data to create a safe argument payload; and wherein performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function uses the safe argument payload instead of the original argument payload. 15. A method implemented by a system comprising one or more processors, the method comprising:
interposing a first application function with a second application function, wherein the second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code; receiving from the process or other code, a function call to the first application function, and instead of executing the first application function, executing the interposed second application function, wherein the received function call has an argument payload; determining the safety to perform the received function call; and performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function using the argument payload when the received function call is determined safe to be performed, or otherwise not performing the first application function. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
receiving a list of website addresses, wherein the list of websites identifies domain names or IP addresses that are not safe to access; comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to the list to determine whether the payload includes a website address identified on the list; and preventing access to the website address when the argument payload has been determined to include a web site address on the list. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether at least a portion of the argument payload includes sensitive data and whether the received function call includes a network request; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes sensitive data and the received function call includes a network request. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
transmitting at least a portion of the argument payload to a remote server, wherein the remote server evaluates the safety of the argument payload; receiving from the remote server an indication of whether the argument payload is safe; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received indication is that the payload is unsafe. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing at least a portion of the argument payload to a list of predetermined HTML tags; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes one or more of the predetermined HTML tags. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a size of the argument payload to a threshold acceptable argument payload size; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the size of the argument payload exceeds the threshold acceptable argument payload size. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining whether the argument payload is encrypted or compressed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload has been determined to be encrypted or compressed. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
comparing a type of the received function call to a list of predetermined types of function calls; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the type of the received function call is included in the list of predetermined types of function calls. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
evaluating whether the argument payload includes encoded polymorphic code that is able to decode itself so that the polymorphic code may be executed; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the argument payload includes polymorphic code. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
indicating a device of the computer system as not to be used, wherein the device comprises a camera or microphone; determining whether the received function call would try to activate the device of the computer system that has been indicated as not to be used; and determining the received function call is not safe to be performed based at least in part on determining that the received function call would try to activate the device that has been indicated as not to be used. 25. The method of claim 15, wherein the application is a web browser, and JavaScript code to perform the interposing of the first application function is included in a <head> tag of a web page. 26. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the safety to perform the received function call comprises:
determining a number of features of the received function call and/or of a web page, wherein the features include at least one or more of the argument payload, a domain name or IP address of a website, a user's type of browser agent, sensitive data in the argument payload, whether there is polymorphic code present in the argument payload; and determining whether the received function call is safe to be performed based on a function of the determined features. 27. The method of claim 15, further comprising the operation of:
loading interposition code in a secure tamperproof manner, wherein the interposition code interposes the first application function with the second application function. 28. The method of claim 15, further comprising the operation of:
removing from the original argument payload one or more suspicious arguments, data, code, and/or sensitive data to create a safe argument payload; and wherein performing by the interposed second application function, the first application function uses the safe argument payload instead of the original argument payload. 29. A system comprising one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform operations comprising:
interposing a first application function with a second application function, wherein the second application function executes when the first application function is called by another process or other code; receiving from the process or other code, a function call to the first application function, and instead of executing the first application function, executing the interposed second application function, wherein the received function call has an argument payload; and tracking an event of the received function call by transmitting, by the interposed second application function data, to a server about the received function call, wherein the data includes one or more of the following information: the date/time of the function call, the argument payload, name of the process or other code making the function call, the number of arguments of the received function call, the size of the argument payload, a customer identifier, or a web page identifier. | 2,800 |
343,490 | 16,802,911 | 2,859 | An aircraft wheel (1) comprising a hub connected to a rim (3) provided with a tire (100), the hub having an outer surface that extends facing an inner surface (4) of the rim (3) and that co-operates therewith to define an annular space for receiving a stack of brake disks including rotor disks having axial peripheral notches, each notch receiving a segment of an axial bar (10) extending projecting from the inner surface (4) of the rim (3), and respective heat shields (20), each in the form of an annular segment, being mounted between the two bars (10) of respective pairs of adjacent bars. Each heat shield (20) includes at least one holder portion bearing against at least one first abutment (19, 119) secured to the rim (3) in order to hold the heat shield (20) in position on the rim (3) elastically. | 1. An aircraft wheel comprising a hub connected to a rim provided with a tire, the hub having an outer surface that extends facing an inner surface of the rim and that co-operates therewith to define an annular space for receiving a stack of brake disks including rotor disks having axial peripheral notches, each axial peripheral notch receiving a segment of an axial bar extending projecting from the inner surface of the rim, and respective heat shields, each in the form of an annular segment, being mounted between two axial bars of respective pairs of adjacent axial bars,
wherein each heat shield includes at least one holder portion bearing against at least one first abutment secured to the rim in order to hold the heat shield in position on the rim elastically, and the at least one holder portion and the at least one first abutment are arranged to be put into engagement while the heat shield is moving substantially radially relative to the rim. 2. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, including second abutments, each arranged in a vicinity of one of ends of each axial bar remote from the at least one first abutment and on at least one side of said axial bar in order to form a bearing surface against which a second edge of the heat shield can bear. 3. The aircraft wheel according to claim 2, wherein each second abutment is arranged to allow a third edge of the heat shield that is remote from the second edge to pivot between an assembly position in which the heat shield slopes relative to the rim and a utilization position in which the heat shield extends parallel to the rim and its holder portion co-operating with the first abutment, the at least one holder portion and the at least one first abutment being arranged to allow the heat shield to pivot from the assembly position towards the utilization position and to oppose pivoting of the heat shield from the utilization position towards the assembly position. 4. The aircraft wheel according to claim 3, wherein the heat shield is provided with an elastically deformable nose forming the holder portion, the elastically deformable nose being arranged to retract elastically on contact with the at least one first abutment while the heat shield is pivoting from its assembly position towards its utilization position. 5. The aircraft wheel according to claim 4, wherein the elastically deformable nose is secured to a clip fitted on the heat shield. 6. The aircraft wheel according to claim 5, wherein the clip and the rim carry corresponding portions in relief that are mutually engaged when the heat shield is in the utilization position so as to oppose any movement of each heat shield parallel to the axial bars. 7. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, including a third abutment to oppose any movement of each shield parallel to the axial bars when the heat shield is in the utilization position. 8. The aircraft wheel according to claim 7, wherein the heat shield and the rim are provided with corresponding portions in relief that are mutually engaged when the heat shield is in the utilization position, thereby forming the third abutment. 9. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first abutment is secured to the axial bar. 10. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, wherein the heat shield is provided with at least one elastically deformable pad bearing against the rim. | An aircraft wheel (1) comprising a hub connected to a rim (3) provided with a tire (100), the hub having an outer surface that extends facing an inner surface (4) of the rim (3) and that co-operates therewith to define an annular space for receiving a stack of brake disks including rotor disks having axial peripheral notches, each notch receiving a segment of an axial bar (10) extending projecting from the inner surface (4) of the rim (3), and respective heat shields (20), each in the form of an annular segment, being mounted between the two bars (10) of respective pairs of adjacent bars. Each heat shield (20) includes at least one holder portion bearing against at least one first abutment (19, 119) secured to the rim (3) in order to hold the heat shield (20) in position on the rim (3) elastically.1. An aircraft wheel comprising a hub connected to a rim provided with a tire, the hub having an outer surface that extends facing an inner surface of the rim and that co-operates therewith to define an annular space for receiving a stack of brake disks including rotor disks having axial peripheral notches, each axial peripheral notch receiving a segment of an axial bar extending projecting from the inner surface of the rim, and respective heat shields, each in the form of an annular segment, being mounted between two axial bars of respective pairs of adjacent axial bars,
wherein each heat shield includes at least one holder portion bearing against at least one first abutment secured to the rim in order to hold the heat shield in position on the rim elastically, and the at least one holder portion and the at least one first abutment are arranged to be put into engagement while the heat shield is moving substantially radially relative to the rim. 2. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, including second abutments, each arranged in a vicinity of one of ends of each axial bar remote from the at least one first abutment and on at least one side of said axial bar in order to form a bearing surface against which a second edge of the heat shield can bear. 3. The aircraft wheel according to claim 2, wherein each second abutment is arranged to allow a third edge of the heat shield that is remote from the second edge to pivot between an assembly position in which the heat shield slopes relative to the rim and a utilization position in which the heat shield extends parallel to the rim and its holder portion co-operating with the first abutment, the at least one holder portion and the at least one first abutment being arranged to allow the heat shield to pivot from the assembly position towards the utilization position and to oppose pivoting of the heat shield from the utilization position towards the assembly position. 4. The aircraft wheel according to claim 3, wherein the heat shield is provided with an elastically deformable nose forming the holder portion, the elastically deformable nose being arranged to retract elastically on contact with the at least one first abutment while the heat shield is pivoting from its assembly position towards its utilization position. 5. The aircraft wheel according to claim 4, wherein the elastically deformable nose is secured to a clip fitted on the heat shield. 6. The aircraft wheel according to claim 5, wherein the clip and the rim carry corresponding portions in relief that are mutually engaged when the heat shield is in the utilization position so as to oppose any movement of each heat shield parallel to the axial bars. 7. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, including a third abutment to oppose any movement of each shield parallel to the axial bars when the heat shield is in the utilization position. 8. The aircraft wheel according to claim 7, wherein the heat shield and the rim are provided with corresponding portions in relief that are mutually engaged when the heat shield is in the utilization position, thereby forming the third abutment. 9. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first abutment is secured to the axial bar. 10. The aircraft wheel according to claim 1, wherein the heat shield is provided with at least one elastically deformable pad bearing against the rim. | 2,800 |
343,491 | 16,802,926 | 2,859 | A method is provided for preventing an IoT device within a trusted system from being harnessed in a malicious DDOS attack. The method may include bombarding the IoT device. The bombardment may originate from within the system, and may inundate the IoT device with harmless packets in a manner mimicking a traditional DOS attack. The inundating may utilize the resources of the IoT device to respond to the bombardment, and may thereby render the IoT device unavailable for fraudulent uses. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A partially secure, internet-connected system, comprising:
at least one Internet-of-Things (IoT) device; said IoT device comprising a connection to the internet; said connection to the internet comprising a gateway node; said gateway node comprising hardware and/or software, and connected to said IoT device and the internet; wherein an element of said system bombards the IoT device with communications packets in a manner mimicking a traditional Denial-Of-Service (DOS) attack; said bombardment directing the IoT device's resources to responding to the bombardment, said bombardment further comprising a dynamic high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves an amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the resources remaining above said amount of preserved resources, said dynamic high-level bombardment preventing the IoT device from sending any packets unnecessary for the current IoT device functionality, while maintaining the current device functionality; and said directing of resources prevents the device from being harnessed in a malicious Distributed-Denial-Of-Service (DDOS) attack. 22. The system of claim 21, further comprising a high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the IoT device's resources, such that the IoT device is prevented from sending even one maliciously-originated communications packet. 23. The system of claim 21, further comprising a low-level mode of bombardment, said low-level bombardment utilizing a percentage of the IoT device's resources, said percentage established to preserve a remaining amount of resources as available for use, said amount of resources sufficient to allow the IoT device to send a threshold number of communications packets per unit time, said low-level mode preventing the IoT device from sending more than the said threshold number of packets per unit time in a malicious DDOS attack. 24. The system of claim 21, further comprising a dynamic low-level mode of bombardment, said low-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves a first amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said low-level bombardment utilizing a percentage of the resources remaining above said first amount of preserved resources, said percentage established to preserve a second amount of the remaining resources as available for use, said second amount sufficient to send a threshold number of communications packets per unit time, said low-level mode preventing the IoT device from sending more than the said threshold number of packets per unit time in a malicious DDOS attack, while maintaining the current device functionality. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the level of bombardment is dynamically regulated to adjust in proportion to the instantaneous level of power available to the IoT device. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein, when the system is communicating within a protected network, and the IoT device is secure from being compromised, the bombardment is toggled to an off configuration. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the gateway node is the element performing the bombardment on the IoT device. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the IoT device is the element performing the bombardment on itself. 29. The system of claim 21, further comprising multiple IoT devices within a trusted network, wherein each IoT device is an element performing a bombardment on itself or on one or more fellow IoT devices within said trusted network. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the bombardment is only toggled to an on configuration when the IoT device is active with respect to its core functionality, at all other times the bombardment is toggled to an off configuration, and the IoT device is considered off-limits for all uses, thereby reducing the power consumption of the system. 31. A method of preventing an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device within a trusted system from being harnessed in a malicious Distributed-Denial-Of-Service (Dl)OS) attack, the method comprising:
bombarding the IoT device; said bombardment originating from an element within the system; said bombardment inundating the IoT device with harmless packets in a manner mimicking a traditional DOS attack, said bombardment further comprising a dynamic high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a. current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves the amount of resources necessary for the current IoT' device functionality, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the resources remaining above said amount of preserved resources, said dynamic high-level bombardment preventing the IoT device from sending any packets unnecessary for the current IoT device functionality, while maintaining the current device functionality; and said inundating utilizing the resources of the IoT device to respond to said bombardment, thereby rendering the IoT device unavailable for fraudulent uses. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising dynamically adjusting the level of bombardment in a manner proportional to the instantaneous desired functionality of the IoT device, said functionality changing autonomously based on time or circumstance, or manually by an authenticated user request. 33. The method of claim 31, further comprising establishing a dynamic low-level mode of bombardment, said establishing being dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, said system preserving a first amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said low-level bombardment utilizing a percentage of the resources remaining above said first amount of preserved resources, establishing said percentage to preserve a second amount of the remaining resources, said second amount sufficient to send a threshold number of communications packets per unit time, said low-level mode preventing the IoT device from sending more than the said threshold number of packets per unit time in a malicious DDOS attack, while maintaining the current device functionality. 34. The method of claim 31, further comprising dynamically adjusting the level of bombardment in a manner proportional to the instantaneous level of power available to the IoT device. 35. The method of claim 31, further comprising toggling the bombardment to an off configuration when the system is communicating within a protected network, and the IoT device is secure from the threat of being compromised. 36. The method of claim 31, further comprising toggling the bombardment to an on configuration, only when the IoT device is active with respect to its core functionality, at all other times toggling the bombardment to an off configuration, and considering the device off-limits for all uses, thereby reducing the power consumption of the system. 37. A partially secure, internet-connected system, comprising:
at least one Internet-of-Things (IoT) device that has sensor functionality to measure, record, and/or transmit data regarding its environment; said IoT device comprising a connection to the internet; said connection to the Internet comprising a gateway node; and said gateway node comprising hardware and/or software, and connected to said IoT device and the internet; wherein said gateway node broadcasts a message indicating that said IoT device is fully utilized, thereby creating the outward-facing perception of unavailability of resources; and wherein the system is configured to provide a dynamic high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves an amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the resources remaining above said amount of preserved resources, said dynamic high-level bombardment preventing the IoT device from sending any packets unnecessary for the current IoT device functionality, while maintaining the current device functionality. 38. The system of claim 37, further comprising an authenticated application connected to said gateway node via the internet, wherein, in response to receipt of a request from an outside source over the internet to access the IoT device, said gateway node communicates with said application, said communication requesting instructions whether or not to continue broadcasting the perception of unavailability of resources. | A method is provided for preventing an IoT device within a trusted system from being harnessed in a malicious DDOS attack. The method may include bombarding the IoT device. The bombardment may originate from within the system, and may inundate the IoT device with harmless packets in a manner mimicking a traditional DOS attack. The inundating may utilize the resources of the IoT device to respond to the bombardment, and may thereby render the IoT device unavailable for fraudulent uses.1-20. (canceled) 21. A partially secure, internet-connected system, comprising:
at least one Internet-of-Things (IoT) device; said IoT device comprising a connection to the internet; said connection to the internet comprising a gateway node; said gateway node comprising hardware and/or software, and connected to said IoT device and the internet; wherein an element of said system bombards the IoT device with communications packets in a manner mimicking a traditional Denial-Of-Service (DOS) attack; said bombardment directing the IoT device's resources to responding to the bombardment, said bombardment further comprising a dynamic high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves an amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the resources remaining above said amount of preserved resources, said dynamic high-level bombardment preventing the IoT device from sending any packets unnecessary for the current IoT device functionality, while maintaining the current device functionality; and said directing of resources prevents the device from being harnessed in a malicious Distributed-Denial-Of-Service (DDOS) attack. 22. The system of claim 21, further comprising a high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the IoT device's resources, such that the IoT device is prevented from sending even one maliciously-originated communications packet. 23. The system of claim 21, further comprising a low-level mode of bombardment, said low-level bombardment utilizing a percentage of the IoT device's resources, said percentage established to preserve a remaining amount of resources as available for use, said amount of resources sufficient to allow the IoT device to send a threshold number of communications packets per unit time, said low-level mode preventing the IoT device from sending more than the said threshold number of packets per unit time in a malicious DDOS attack. 24. The system of claim 21, further comprising a dynamic low-level mode of bombardment, said low-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves a first amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said low-level bombardment utilizing a percentage of the resources remaining above said first amount of preserved resources, said percentage established to preserve a second amount of the remaining resources as available for use, said second amount sufficient to send a threshold number of communications packets per unit time, said low-level mode preventing the IoT device from sending more than the said threshold number of packets per unit time in a malicious DDOS attack, while maintaining the current device functionality. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the level of bombardment is dynamically regulated to adjust in proportion to the instantaneous level of power available to the IoT device. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein, when the system is communicating within a protected network, and the IoT device is secure from being compromised, the bombardment is toggled to an off configuration. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the gateway node is the element performing the bombardment on the IoT device. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the IoT device is the element performing the bombardment on itself. 29. The system of claim 21, further comprising multiple IoT devices within a trusted network, wherein each IoT device is an element performing a bombardment on itself or on one or more fellow IoT devices within said trusted network. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the bombardment is only toggled to an on configuration when the IoT device is active with respect to its core functionality, at all other times the bombardment is toggled to an off configuration, and the IoT device is considered off-limits for all uses, thereby reducing the power consumption of the system. 31. A method of preventing an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device within a trusted system from being harnessed in a malicious Distributed-Denial-Of-Service (Dl)OS) attack, the method comprising:
bombarding the IoT device; said bombardment originating from an element within the system; said bombardment inundating the IoT device with harmless packets in a manner mimicking a traditional DOS attack, said bombardment further comprising a dynamic high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a. current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves the amount of resources necessary for the current IoT' device functionality, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the resources remaining above said amount of preserved resources, said dynamic high-level bombardment preventing the IoT device from sending any packets unnecessary for the current IoT device functionality, while maintaining the current device functionality; and said inundating utilizing the resources of the IoT device to respond to said bombardment, thereby rendering the IoT device unavailable for fraudulent uses. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising dynamically adjusting the level of bombardment in a manner proportional to the instantaneous desired functionality of the IoT device, said functionality changing autonomously based on time or circumstance, or manually by an authenticated user request. 33. The method of claim 31, further comprising establishing a dynamic low-level mode of bombardment, said establishing being dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, said system preserving a first amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said low-level bombardment utilizing a percentage of the resources remaining above said first amount of preserved resources, establishing said percentage to preserve a second amount of the remaining resources, said second amount sufficient to send a threshold number of communications packets per unit time, said low-level mode preventing the IoT device from sending more than the said threshold number of packets per unit time in a malicious DDOS attack, while maintaining the current device functionality. 34. The method of claim 31, further comprising dynamically adjusting the level of bombardment in a manner proportional to the instantaneous level of power available to the IoT device. 35. The method of claim 31, further comprising toggling the bombardment to an off configuration when the system is communicating within a protected network, and the IoT device is secure from the threat of being compromised. 36. The method of claim 31, further comprising toggling the bombardment to an on configuration, only when the IoT device is active with respect to its core functionality, at all other times toggling the bombardment to an off configuration, and considering the device off-limits for all uses, thereby reducing the power consumption of the system. 37. A partially secure, internet-connected system, comprising:
at least one Internet-of-Things (IoT) device that has sensor functionality to measure, record, and/or transmit data regarding its environment; said IoT device comprising a connection to the internet; said connection to the Internet comprising a gateway node; and said gateway node comprising hardware and/or software, and connected to said IoT device and the internet; wherein said gateway node broadcasts a message indicating that said IoT device is fully utilized, thereby creating the outward-facing perception of unavailability of resources; and wherein the system is configured to provide a dynamic high-level mode of bombardment, said high-level bombardment being established dynamically based on a current IoT device functionality, wherein the system preserves an amount of resources necessary for the current IoT device functionality, said high-level bombardment fully utilizing the resources remaining above said amount of preserved resources, said dynamic high-level bombardment preventing the IoT device from sending any packets unnecessary for the current IoT device functionality, while maintaining the current device functionality. 38. The system of claim 37, further comprising an authenticated application connected to said gateway node via the internet, wherein, in response to receipt of a request from an outside source over the internet to access the IoT device, said gateway node communicates with said application, said communication requesting instructions whether or not to continue broadcasting the perception of unavailability of resources. | 2,800 |
343,492 | 16,802,933 | 3,732 | The Concussion Reduction Prevention System is a protective helmet and shoulder pad device that may be worn by an athlete, such as a football player, during sports play to reduce the likelihood that the athlete will obtain a concussion. The helmet is large enough to allow the athlete's head to move freely within it. The helmet connects to the pad via a cradle. The cradle includes attachment points along the athlete's shoulders so that impact forces are distributed onto the athlete's shoulders. The pad is reinforced to distribute impact forces from the helmet to the athlete's shoulders. | 1. A concussion reduction device comprising:
a helmet comprising:
a shell worn about a head of a user, wherein the shell covers the top, back and sides of the user's head, wherein the shell is large enough to allow a user's head to move freely within the shell,
a facemask covering the front of the helmet, wherein the facemask allows a user to see through the front and sides of the helmet,
padding positioned within the shell, wherein the padding protects the user's head from making contact with the shell,
a cradle that runs along the bottom of the helmet surrounding a user's neck, wherein the cradle is shaped so that it may be coupled to a user's shoulder pads, wherein the cradle further comprises one or more guide pins, wherein the guide pins are positioned above the user's shoulders,
pads worn about the shoulders of a user further comprising:
padding that distributes impact forces to a user's shoulders
a collar at the top of the shoulder pads that couples with the cradle,
guide holes positioned wherein the collar that are formed to receive the guide pins, and wherein the guide holes are positioned along the user's shoulder, and
a latch on the front of the shoulder pads that secures the helmet onto the pads, a quick release means that allows the helmet to be released from the pads upon the pulling of a cable, and a shield that runs from the bottom of the facemask to the pads, wherein the shield shields the user's neck. 2. The device of claim 1 further comprising a latching means that reversibly couples the latch to the front of the shoulder pads. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the latching means is spring loaded. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the guide pin receptacles are keyhole shaped. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the guide pins are adjustable. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the cradle is composed of stainless steel. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the facemask is composed of titanium, stainless steel, or carbon steel. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the shell is composed of polycarbonate. | The Concussion Reduction Prevention System is a protective helmet and shoulder pad device that may be worn by an athlete, such as a football player, during sports play to reduce the likelihood that the athlete will obtain a concussion. The helmet is large enough to allow the athlete's head to move freely within it. The helmet connects to the pad via a cradle. The cradle includes attachment points along the athlete's shoulders so that impact forces are distributed onto the athlete's shoulders. The pad is reinforced to distribute impact forces from the helmet to the athlete's shoulders.1. A concussion reduction device comprising:
a helmet comprising:
a shell worn about a head of a user, wherein the shell covers the top, back and sides of the user's head, wherein the shell is large enough to allow a user's head to move freely within the shell,
a facemask covering the front of the helmet, wherein the facemask allows a user to see through the front and sides of the helmet,
padding positioned within the shell, wherein the padding protects the user's head from making contact with the shell,
a cradle that runs along the bottom of the helmet surrounding a user's neck, wherein the cradle is shaped so that it may be coupled to a user's shoulder pads, wherein the cradle further comprises one or more guide pins, wherein the guide pins are positioned above the user's shoulders,
pads worn about the shoulders of a user further comprising:
padding that distributes impact forces to a user's shoulders
a collar at the top of the shoulder pads that couples with the cradle,
guide holes positioned wherein the collar that are formed to receive the guide pins, and wherein the guide holes are positioned along the user's shoulder, and
a latch on the front of the shoulder pads that secures the helmet onto the pads, a quick release means that allows the helmet to be released from the pads upon the pulling of a cable, and a shield that runs from the bottom of the facemask to the pads, wherein the shield shields the user's neck. 2. The device of claim 1 further comprising a latching means that reversibly couples the latch to the front of the shoulder pads. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the latching means is spring loaded. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the guide pin receptacles are keyhole shaped. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the guide pins are adjustable. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the cradle is composed of stainless steel. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the facemask is composed of titanium, stainless steel, or carbon steel. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the shell is composed of polycarbonate. | 3,700 |
343,493 | 16,802,939 | 3,732 | A computing device has an integrated memory device, which stores a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device. The biometric template identifies one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters. The computing device has a receiver that receives a biometric preference from a payment chain entity. The computing device has a processor that dynamically generates an entry into the payment-based configuration table. The entry identifies a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference. The processor generates a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia. Each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponds to one of a plurality of payment accounts. | 1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer useable storage device having a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program when executed on a computing device causes the computing device to:
store, with a memory device integrated within the computing device, a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device, the biometric template identifying one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters; receive, with a receiver, a biometric preference from a payment chain entity; dynamically generate, with a processor integrated within the computing device, an entry into the payment-based configuration table, the entry identifying a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference; generate, with a processor integrated within the computing device, a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia, each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponding to one of a plurality of payment accounts; receive, via a menu selection user input at the computing device, a menu selection of one of the plurality of payment account indicia; determine, with the processor, a selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities; receive, at the computing device, a biometric input of the user; perform, with the processor, biometric validation by comparing the biometric input with the biometric data of the user stored in the biometric database; and transmit, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, payment account data to a payee device, the payment account data corresponding to said one of the plurality of accounts associated with the menu selection. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to detect, with a proximity-based module integrated within the computing device, proximity to a proximity-based reader positioned within the payee device, the proximity-based reader being positioned externally to the computing device. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC physical circuit. 4. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC logical circuit. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to activate, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, a proximity-based transmission module to perform the transmission of the payment account data. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to perform the transmission of the payment account data via a network, the payee device being remotely situated from the computing device. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to perform the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon a statistical analysis of security efficacy amongst the one or more biometric modalities for a given time period. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to perform the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon random generation. 9. A process comprising:
storing, with a memory device integrated within the computing device, a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device, the biometric template identifying one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters; receiving, with a receiver, a biometric preference from a payment chain entity; dynamically generating, with a processor integrated within the computing device, an entry into the payment-based configuration table, the entry identifying a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference; generating, with a processor integrated within the computing device, a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia, each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponding to one of a plurality of payment accounts; receiving, via a menu selection user input at the computing device, a menu selection of one of the plurality of payment account indicia; determining, with the processor, a selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities; receiving, at the computing device, a biometric input of the user; performing, with the processor, biometric validation by comparing the biometric input with the biometric data of the user stored in the biometric database; and transmitting, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, payment account data to a payee device, the payment account data corresponding to said one of the plurality of accounts associated with the menu selection. 10. The process of claim 9, further comprising detecting, with a proximity-based module integrated within the computing device, proximity to a proximity-based reader positioned within the payee device, the proximity-based reader being positioned externally to the computing device. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC physical circuit. 12. The process of claim 10, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC logical circuit. 13. The process of claim 9, further comprising activating, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, a proximity-based transmission module to perform the transmission of the payment account data. 14. The process of claim 9, further comprising performing the transmission of the payment account data via a network, the payee device being remotely situated from the computing device. 15. The process of claim 9, further comprising performing the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon a statistical analysis of security efficacy amongst the one or more biometric modalities for a given time period. 16. The process of claim 9, further comprising performing the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon random generation. 17. A computing device comprising:
a memory device integrated within the computing device, the memory device storing a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device, the biometric template identifying one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters; a receiver that receives a biometric preference from a payment chain entity; and a processor that dynamically generates an entry into the payment-based configuration table, generates a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia receives, via a menu selection user input at the computing device, a menu selection of one of the plurality of payment account indicia, determines a selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities, receives a biometric input of the user, performs biometric validation by comparing the biometric input with the biometric data of the user stored in the biometric database, and transmits, based upon the biometric validation, payment account data to a payee device, each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponding to one of a plurality of payment accounts, the entry identifying a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference, the payment account data corresponding to said one of the plurality of accounts associated with the menu selection. 18. The computing device of claim 17, further comprising a proximity-based module integrated within the computing device, the proximity-based module detecting proximity to a proximity-based reader positioned within the payee device, the proximity-based reader being positioned externally to the computing device. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC physical circuit. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC logical circuit. | A computing device has an integrated memory device, which stores a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device. The biometric template identifies one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters. The computing device has a receiver that receives a biometric preference from a payment chain entity. The computing device has a processor that dynamically generates an entry into the payment-based configuration table. The entry identifies a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference. The processor generates a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia. Each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponds to one of a plurality of payment accounts.1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer useable storage device having a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program when executed on a computing device causes the computing device to:
store, with a memory device integrated within the computing device, a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device, the biometric template identifying one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters; receive, with a receiver, a biometric preference from a payment chain entity; dynamically generate, with a processor integrated within the computing device, an entry into the payment-based configuration table, the entry identifying a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference; generate, with a processor integrated within the computing device, a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia, each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponding to one of a plurality of payment accounts; receive, via a menu selection user input at the computing device, a menu selection of one of the plurality of payment account indicia; determine, with the processor, a selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities; receive, at the computing device, a biometric input of the user; perform, with the processor, biometric validation by comparing the biometric input with the biometric data of the user stored in the biometric database; and transmit, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, payment account data to a payee device, the payment account data corresponding to said one of the plurality of accounts associated with the menu selection. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to detect, with a proximity-based module integrated within the computing device, proximity to a proximity-based reader positioned within the payee device, the proximity-based reader being positioned externally to the computing device. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC physical circuit. 4. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC logical circuit. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to activate, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, a proximity-based transmission module to perform the transmission of the payment account data. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to perform the transmission of the payment account data via a network, the payee device being remotely situated from the computing device. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to perform the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon a statistical analysis of security efficacy amongst the one or more biometric modalities for a given time period. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further caused to perform the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon random generation. 9. A process comprising:
storing, with a memory device integrated within the computing device, a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device, the biometric template identifying one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters; receiving, with a receiver, a biometric preference from a payment chain entity; dynamically generating, with a processor integrated within the computing device, an entry into the payment-based configuration table, the entry identifying a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference; generating, with a processor integrated within the computing device, a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia, each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponding to one of a plurality of payment accounts; receiving, via a menu selection user input at the computing device, a menu selection of one of the plurality of payment account indicia; determining, with the processor, a selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities; receiving, at the computing device, a biometric input of the user; performing, with the processor, biometric validation by comparing the biometric input with the biometric data of the user stored in the biometric database; and transmitting, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, payment account data to a payee device, the payment account data corresponding to said one of the plurality of accounts associated with the menu selection. 10. The process of claim 9, further comprising detecting, with a proximity-based module integrated within the computing device, proximity to a proximity-based reader positioned within the payee device, the proximity-based reader being positioned externally to the computing device. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC physical circuit. 12. The process of claim 10, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC logical circuit. 13. The process of claim 9, further comprising activating, with the processor based upon the biometric validation, a proximity-based transmission module to perform the transmission of the payment account data. 14. The process of claim 9, further comprising performing the transmission of the payment account data via a network, the payee device being remotely situated from the computing device. 15. The process of claim 9, further comprising performing the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon a statistical analysis of security efficacy amongst the one or more biometric modalities for a given time period. 16. The process of claim 9, further comprising performing the determination of the selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities based upon random generation. 17. A computing device comprising:
a memory device integrated within the computing device, the memory device storing a payment-based configuration table identifying a plurality of payment accounts, a biometric template corresponding to each of the plurality of payment accounts, and a biometric database corresponding to biometric data of a user of the computing device, the biometric template identifying one or more biometric modalities based on one or more biometric control parameters; a receiver that receives a biometric preference from a payment chain entity; and a processor that dynamically generates an entry into the payment-based configuration table, generates a user interface having a menu of a plurality of payment account indicia receives, via a menu selection user input at the computing device, a menu selection of one of the plurality of payment account indicia, determines a selected biometric modality from the one or more biometric modalities, receives a biometric input of the user, performs biometric validation by comparing the biometric input with the biometric data of the user stored in the biometric database, and transmits, based upon the biometric validation, payment account data to a payee device, each of the plurality of payment account indicia corresponding to one of a plurality of payment accounts, the entry identifying a payment account and one of the one or more biometric modalities based upon the biometric preference, the payment account data corresponding to said one of the plurality of accounts associated with the menu selection. 18. The computing device of claim 17, further comprising a proximity-based module integrated within the computing device, the proximity-based module detecting proximity to a proximity-based reader positioned within the payee device, the proximity-based reader being positioned externally to the computing device. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC physical circuit. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the proximity-based transmission module is an NFC logical circuit. | 3,700 |
343,494 | 16,802,914 | 3,732 | A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), includes: receiving a plurality of input signals, generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals, generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals, estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector, and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters. | 1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 2. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 4. The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 5. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 6. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 11. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 12. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 13. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 14. The WTRU according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 15. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. 16. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. | A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), includes: receiving a plurality of input signals, generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals, generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals, estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector, and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters.1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 2. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 4. The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 5. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 6. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 11. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 12. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 13. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 14. The WTRU according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 15. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. 16. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. | 3,700 |
343,495 | 16,802,931 | 3,732 | A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), includes: receiving a plurality of input signals, generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals, generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals, estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector, and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters. | 1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 2. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 4. The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 5. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 6. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 11. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 12. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 13. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 14. The WTRU according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 15. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. 16. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. | A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), includes: receiving a plurality of input signals, generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals, generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals, estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector, and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters.1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 2. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 4. The WTRU according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 5. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 6. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters by performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information according to the channel delay parameters. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters to estimate the channel information. 11. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of input signals; a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to:
generate a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals;
generate an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals;
estimate a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and
estimate channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 12. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
concatenate the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 13. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 14. The WTRU according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transform the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extract a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenate the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 15. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. 16. A method for channel estimation, performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), comprising:
receiving a plurality of input signals; generating a plurality of sensing matrices for the input signals; generating an augmented sensing matrix and an augmented observation vector according to the sensing matrices and the input signals; estimating a plurality of channel delay parameters according to the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector; and estimating channel information by performing a Least-Squares (LS) algorithm using the channel delay parameters. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
concatenating the sensing matrices to generate the augmented sensing matrix. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the input signals include a plurality of pilot signals. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
transforming the input signals into a plurality of frequency domain signals; extracting a plurality of observation vectors from the frequency domain signals according to positions of the pilot signals; and concatenating the observation vectors to generate the augmented observation vector. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
performing a Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithm using the augmented sensing matrix and the augmented observation vector to estimate the channel delay parameters. | 3,700 |
343,496 | 16,802,908 | 3,732 | A control apparatus is provided for controlling drive of a rotating electric machine that has coils of two or more phases. The control apparatus includes a first inverter to be connected with first ends of the coils, a second inverter to be connected with second ends of the coils, and a controller. The first inverter has a plurality of first switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils. The second inverter has a plurality of second switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils. The controller includes a first operation circuit configured to generate a first control signal for control of the first inverter and a second operation circuit configured to generate a second control signal for control of the second inverter. Moreover, the control apparatus is configured so that switching timings are synchronized, based on synchronization information, between the first and second inverters. | 1. A control apparatus for controlling drive of a rotating electric machine, the rotating electric machine having coils of two or more phases,
the control apparatus comprising: a first inverter to be connected with first ends of the coils, the first inverter having a plurality of first switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils; a second inverter to be connected with second ends of the coils, the second inverter having a plurality of second switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils; and a controller including a first operation circuit and a second operation circuit, the first operation circuit being configured to generate a first control signal for control of the first inverter, the second operation circuit being configured to generate a second control signal for control of the second inverter, wherein the control apparatus is configured so that switching timings are synchronized, based on synchronization information, between the first and second inverters. 2. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a first controller that includes the first operation circuit, and a second controller that includes the second operation circuit and is provided separately from the first controller. 3. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein both the first and second operation circuits are provided in the single controller. 4. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the synchronization information is rotation angle information based on a detection result of a rotation angle sensor that is configured to detect a rotational position of the rotating electric machine. 5. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein the same rotation angle information is branched and inputted to both the first and second operation circuits. 6. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein the rotation angle sensor includes both a first sensor unit configured to output the rotation angle information to the first operation circuit and a second sensor unit configured to output the rotation angle information to the second operation circuit,
the synchronization information includes an angle reference signal which is generated based on the rotation angle information outputted from the first sensor unit or the rotation angle information outputted from the second sensor unit, and the angle reference signal is branched and inputted to both the first and second operation circuits. 7. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein a master circuit, which is one of the first and second operation circuits, outputs its own synchronization information to a slave circuit which is the other of the first and second operation circuits, and
the slave circuit performs, based on the synchronization information acquired from the master circuit and its own corresponding synchronization information, a synchronization process to synchronize the switching timings between the first and second inverters. 8. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information of the master circuit is a clock signal generated in the master circuit, and the synchronization information of the slave circuit is a clock signal generated in the slave circuit, and
as the synchronization process, the slave circuit corrects clock deviation between the mater and slave circuits. 9. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information of the master circuit is a carrier signal generated in the master circuit for PWM control, and the synchronization information of the slave circuit is a carrier signal generated in the slave circuit for PWM control, and as the synchronization process, the slave circuit shifts the phase of the carrier signal generated in the slave circuit to make the phases of the carrier signals generated in the master and slave circuits coincident with each other. 10. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is an internal trigger signal generated based on control information used for generation of the first and second control signals, and
the master circuit generates the internal trigger signal and outputs it to the slave circuit. 11. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is the first and second control signals, and
as the synchronization process, the slave circuit performs an output timing adjustment to make output timings of the first and second control signals coincident with each other. 12. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is coil-current information based on a detection result of a current sensor that detects electric current supplied to one of the coils, and
upon the electric current reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 13. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is bus-current information based on a detection result of a bus current sensor that detects a bus current, and
upon an nth component of the bus current reaching a peak, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the nth component of the bus current reaching the peak is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the nth component of the bus current reaching the peak is recognized by the slave circuit. 14. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is information on occurrence timing of a search current or a search voltage,
the master circuit applies the search current or the search voltage and informs the slave circuit of the timing at which the search current or the search voltage is applied, and the slave circuit detects the search current or the search voltage and performs the synchronization process based on both the timing at which the search current or the search voltage is applied and the timing at which the search current or the search voltage is detected. 15. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, further comprising:
a first input voltage sensor configured to detect a first input voltage applied to the first inverter and output a detection result to the first operation circuit; and a second input voltage sensor configured to detect a second input voltage applied to the second inverter and output a detection result to the second operation circuit, wherein the synchronization information is input-voltage information on the first and second input voltages, and the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which change in one of the first and second input voltages is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which change in the other of the first and second input voltages is recognized by the slave circuit. 16. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is coil-voltages applied to the coils, and
the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on pulse edge timings of the coil-voltages. 17. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, further comprising first and second fundamental component extraction circuits configured to respectively extract fundamental components of first and second coil-voltages both of which are applied to a same one of the coils,
the synchronization information is the fundamental components of the first and second coil-voltages, and upon the fundamental components of the first and second coil-voltages reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the fundamental component of one of the first and second coil-voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the fundamental component of the other of the first and second coil-voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 18. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is a first command voltage used for generation of the first control signal in the first operation circuit and a second command voltage used for generation of the second control signal in the second operation circuit, and
during control to apply a same voltage to both the first inverter side and the second inverter side, upon the first and second command voltages reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which one of the first and second command voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the other of the first and second command voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 19. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first inverter is configured to output, when it is brought into a failure state or a pseudo-failure state, a first failure signal to the first operation circuit,
the second inverter is configured to output, when it is brought into a failure state or a pseudo-failure state, a second failure signal to the second operation circuit, the synchronization information is the first and second failure signals, and upon the first and second inverters being simultaneously brought into a failure state or a pseudo-failure state to respectively output the first and second failure signals, the salve circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which one of the first and second failure signals is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the other of the first and second failure signals is recognized by the slave circuit. 20. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein each of the first and second switching elements has an in-element current detecting unit to detect electric current flowing therethrough,
detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the first switching elements are outputted to the first operation circuit, detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the second switching elements are outputted to the second operation circuit, the synchronization information is information on the electric current flowing through a switching element pair consisting of one of the first switching elements and one of the second switching elements, the first and second switching elements of the switching element pair having the same electric current flowing therethrough, and upon the electric current flowing through the switching element pair reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 21. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the first and second switching elements has an in-element current detecting unit to detect electric current flowing therethrough,
detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the first switching elements are outputted to a first driver circuit that is configured to output first drive signals for drive of the first switching elements, detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the second switching elements are outputted to a second driver circuit that is configured to output second drive signals for drive of the second switching elements, the synchronization information is information on the electric current flowing through a switching element pair consisting of one of the first switching elements and one of the second switching elements, the first and second switching elements of the switching element pair having the same electric current flowing therethrough, and based on both a timing at which the electric current flowing through the first switching element of the switching element pair reaches a predetermined value and a timing at which the electric current flowing through the second switching element of the switching element pair reaches the predetermined value, the first and second driver circuits synchronize output timings between the first drive signals and the second drive signals. 22. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the synchronization information is an external trigger signal generated by a trigger generator that is provided separately from both the first and second operation circuits, and
the first and second operation circuits perform, based on the external trigger signal, a synchronization process to synchronize the switching timings between the first and second inverters. 23. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a synchronization adjusting circuit that is configured to synchronize, based on the synchronization information, the first control signal outputted from the first operation circuit with the second control signal outputted from the second operation circuit. 24. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein both the first operation circuit and the second operation circuit are included in a single operation circuit,
the first control signal for control of the first inverter comprises a first upper-arm control signal for control of an upper arm of the first inverter and a first lower-arm control signal for control of a lower arm of the first inverter, the second control signal for control of the second inverter comprises a second upper-arm control signal for control of an upper arm of the second inverter and a second lower-arm control signal for control of a lower arm of the second inverter, the single operation circuit generates one of a first signal pair consisting of the first upper-arm control signal and the second lower-arm control signal and a second signal pair consisting of the first lower-arm control signal and the second upper-arm control signal, and the other of the first and second signal pairs is generated by a process of inverting the one of the first and second signal pairs which is generated by the single operation circuit. 25. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first inverter is connected with a first voltage source, and
the second inverter is connected with a second voltage source that is insulated from the first voltage source. | A control apparatus is provided for controlling drive of a rotating electric machine that has coils of two or more phases. The control apparatus includes a first inverter to be connected with first ends of the coils, a second inverter to be connected with second ends of the coils, and a controller. The first inverter has a plurality of first switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils. The second inverter has a plurality of second switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils. The controller includes a first operation circuit configured to generate a first control signal for control of the first inverter and a second operation circuit configured to generate a second control signal for control of the second inverter. Moreover, the control apparatus is configured so that switching timings are synchronized, based on synchronization information, between the first and second inverters.1. A control apparatus for controlling drive of a rotating electric machine, the rotating electric machine having coils of two or more phases,
the control apparatus comprising: a first inverter to be connected with first ends of the coils, the first inverter having a plurality of first switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils; a second inverter to be connected with second ends of the coils, the second inverter having a plurality of second switching elements each corresponding to one of the coils; and a controller including a first operation circuit and a second operation circuit, the first operation circuit being configured to generate a first control signal for control of the first inverter, the second operation circuit being configured to generate a second control signal for control of the second inverter, wherein the control apparatus is configured so that switching timings are synchronized, based on synchronization information, between the first and second inverters. 2. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a first controller that includes the first operation circuit, and a second controller that includes the second operation circuit and is provided separately from the first controller. 3. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein both the first and second operation circuits are provided in the single controller. 4. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the synchronization information is rotation angle information based on a detection result of a rotation angle sensor that is configured to detect a rotational position of the rotating electric machine. 5. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein the same rotation angle information is branched and inputted to both the first and second operation circuits. 6. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein the rotation angle sensor includes both a first sensor unit configured to output the rotation angle information to the first operation circuit and a second sensor unit configured to output the rotation angle information to the second operation circuit,
the synchronization information includes an angle reference signal which is generated based on the rotation angle information outputted from the first sensor unit or the rotation angle information outputted from the second sensor unit, and the angle reference signal is branched and inputted to both the first and second operation circuits. 7. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein a master circuit, which is one of the first and second operation circuits, outputs its own synchronization information to a slave circuit which is the other of the first and second operation circuits, and
the slave circuit performs, based on the synchronization information acquired from the master circuit and its own corresponding synchronization information, a synchronization process to synchronize the switching timings between the first and second inverters. 8. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information of the master circuit is a clock signal generated in the master circuit, and the synchronization information of the slave circuit is a clock signal generated in the slave circuit, and
as the synchronization process, the slave circuit corrects clock deviation between the mater and slave circuits. 9. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information of the master circuit is a carrier signal generated in the master circuit for PWM control, and the synchronization information of the slave circuit is a carrier signal generated in the slave circuit for PWM control, and as the synchronization process, the slave circuit shifts the phase of the carrier signal generated in the slave circuit to make the phases of the carrier signals generated in the master and slave circuits coincident with each other. 10. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is an internal trigger signal generated based on control information used for generation of the first and second control signals, and
the master circuit generates the internal trigger signal and outputs it to the slave circuit. 11. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is the first and second control signals, and
as the synchronization process, the slave circuit performs an output timing adjustment to make output timings of the first and second control signals coincident with each other. 12. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is coil-current information based on a detection result of a current sensor that detects electric current supplied to one of the coils, and
upon the electric current reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 13. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is bus-current information based on a detection result of a bus current sensor that detects a bus current, and
upon an nth component of the bus current reaching a peak, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the nth component of the bus current reaching the peak is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the nth component of the bus current reaching the peak is recognized by the slave circuit. 14. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is information on occurrence timing of a search current or a search voltage,
the master circuit applies the search current or the search voltage and informs the slave circuit of the timing at which the search current or the search voltage is applied, and the slave circuit detects the search current or the search voltage and performs the synchronization process based on both the timing at which the search current or the search voltage is applied and the timing at which the search current or the search voltage is detected. 15. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, further comprising:
a first input voltage sensor configured to detect a first input voltage applied to the first inverter and output a detection result to the first operation circuit; and a second input voltage sensor configured to detect a second input voltage applied to the second inverter and output a detection result to the second operation circuit, wherein the synchronization information is input-voltage information on the first and second input voltages, and the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which change in one of the first and second input voltages is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which change in the other of the first and second input voltages is recognized by the slave circuit. 16. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is coil-voltages applied to the coils, and
the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on pulse edge timings of the coil-voltages. 17. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, further comprising first and second fundamental component extraction circuits configured to respectively extract fundamental components of first and second coil-voltages both of which are applied to a same one of the coils,
the synchronization information is the fundamental components of the first and second coil-voltages, and upon the fundamental components of the first and second coil-voltages reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the fundamental component of one of the first and second coil-voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the fundamental component of the other of the first and second coil-voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 18. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the synchronization information is a first command voltage used for generation of the first control signal in the first operation circuit and a second command voltage used for generation of the second control signal in the second operation circuit, and
during control to apply a same voltage to both the first inverter side and the second inverter side, upon the first and second command voltages reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which one of the first and second command voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the other of the first and second command voltages reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 19. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first inverter is configured to output, when it is brought into a failure state or a pseudo-failure state, a first failure signal to the first operation circuit,
the second inverter is configured to output, when it is brought into a failure state or a pseudo-failure state, a second failure signal to the second operation circuit, the synchronization information is the first and second failure signals, and upon the first and second inverters being simultaneously brought into a failure state or a pseudo-failure state to respectively output the first and second failure signals, the salve circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which one of the first and second failure signals is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the other of the first and second failure signals is recognized by the slave circuit. 20. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein each of the first and second switching elements has an in-element current detecting unit to detect electric current flowing therethrough,
detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the first switching elements are outputted to the first operation circuit, detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the second switching elements are outputted to the second operation circuit, the synchronization information is information on the electric current flowing through a switching element pair consisting of one of the first switching elements and one of the second switching elements, the first and second switching elements of the switching element pair having the same electric current flowing therethrough, and upon the electric current flowing through the switching element pair reaching a predetermined value, the slave circuit performs the synchronization process based on both a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the master circuit and a timing at which the electric current reaching the predetermined value is recognized by the slave circuit. 21. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the first and second switching elements has an in-element current detecting unit to detect electric current flowing therethrough,
detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the first switching elements are outputted to a first driver circuit that is configured to output first drive signals for drive of the first switching elements, detection results of the in-element current detecting units of the second switching elements are outputted to a second driver circuit that is configured to output second drive signals for drive of the second switching elements, the synchronization information is information on the electric current flowing through a switching element pair consisting of one of the first switching elements and one of the second switching elements, the first and second switching elements of the switching element pair having the same electric current flowing therethrough, and based on both a timing at which the electric current flowing through the first switching element of the switching element pair reaches a predetermined value and a timing at which the electric current flowing through the second switching element of the switching element pair reaches the predetermined value, the first and second driver circuits synchronize output timings between the first drive signals and the second drive signals. 22. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the synchronization information is an external trigger signal generated by a trigger generator that is provided separately from both the first and second operation circuits, and
the first and second operation circuits perform, based on the external trigger signal, a synchronization process to synchronize the switching timings between the first and second inverters. 23. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a synchronization adjusting circuit that is configured to synchronize, based on the synchronization information, the first control signal outputted from the first operation circuit with the second control signal outputted from the second operation circuit. 24. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein both the first operation circuit and the second operation circuit are included in a single operation circuit,
the first control signal for control of the first inverter comprises a first upper-arm control signal for control of an upper arm of the first inverter and a first lower-arm control signal for control of a lower arm of the first inverter, the second control signal for control of the second inverter comprises a second upper-arm control signal for control of an upper arm of the second inverter and a second lower-arm control signal for control of a lower arm of the second inverter, the single operation circuit generates one of a first signal pair consisting of the first upper-arm control signal and the second lower-arm control signal and a second signal pair consisting of the first lower-arm control signal and the second upper-arm control signal, and the other of the first and second signal pairs is generated by a process of inverting the one of the first and second signal pairs which is generated by the single operation circuit. 25. The control apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first inverter is connected with a first voltage source, and
the second inverter is connected with a second voltage source that is insulated from the first voltage source. | 3,700 |
343,497 | 16,802,923 | 3,732 | To provide a lithium-ion storage battery or electronic device that is flexible and highly safe. One embodiment of the present invention is a flexible storage battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an exterior body that surrounds the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, and a wiring provided along the exterior body. At least part of the wiring is more easily breakable by deformation than the exterior body. The wiring is more vulnerable to deformation than the exterior body and thus damaged earlier than the exterior body. Damage to the wiring is detected and an alert is sent to a user; thus, the use of the storage battery can be stopped before the exterior body is damaged. | 1. A storage battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; an exterior body surrounding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator; a wiring provided along the exterior body; and a circuit configured to detect damage to the wiring, wherein one terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and wherein the other terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode through the circuit. 2. A storage battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a tab electrode; a wiring; a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; an exterior body surrounding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator; and a circuit configured to detect damage to the wiring, wherein the tab electrode is connected to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the wiring is provided along the tab electrode, wherein one terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and wherein the other terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode. | To provide a lithium-ion storage battery or electronic device that is flexible and highly safe. One embodiment of the present invention is a flexible storage battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an exterior body that surrounds the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, and a wiring provided along the exterior body. At least part of the wiring is more easily breakable by deformation than the exterior body. The wiring is more vulnerable to deformation than the exterior body and thus damaged earlier than the exterior body. Damage to the wiring is detected and an alert is sent to a user; thus, the use of the storage battery can be stopped before the exterior body is damaged.1. A storage battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; an exterior body surrounding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator; a wiring provided along the exterior body; and a circuit configured to detect damage to the wiring, wherein one terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and wherein the other terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode through the circuit. 2. A storage battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a tab electrode; a wiring; a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; an exterior body surrounding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator; and a circuit configured to detect damage to the wiring, wherein the tab electrode is connected to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the wiring is provided along the tab electrode, wherein one terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and wherein the other terminal of the wiring is electrically connected to the positive electrode. | 3,700 |
343,498 | 16,802,912 | 3,732 | A backpack having multiple pouches on an inside flap can have a fastener which horizontally extends across the flap and which secures kitchen utensils, such as knives, in place. The flap can have multiple aligned pouches which extend laterally across a bottom portion of the flap. A distance above the flaps is a base fastener which extends on a base from one lateral end of the flap to the opposite lateral end. When the handles of kitchen utensils, such as knives, are placed inside respective pouches, the sharpened section of each knife is at least partially exposed. A strap fastener is attached at one lateral end of the flap and removably engages with the base fastener. The strap fastener secures the knives in place by overlapping with the knives and engaging with the exposed portions of the base fastener. | 1. A backpack having multiple compartments and storage mechanisms to store kitchen utensils, comprising:
a movable flap having a base and on which are multiple pouches arranged on a bottom portion thereof, each pouch configured to hold one or more kitchen utensils; a base fastener positioned above the pouches and on the base of the movable flap; and a strap fastener that is secured to an end of the movable flap and which extends horizontally across the movable flap and aligns and mates with the base fastener, wherein the kitchen utensils overlay with the base fastener and are further secured in place when the strap fastener mates with the base fastener and the kitchen utensils are positioned between the base and strap fasteners. 2. The backpack of claim 1, wherein each pouch has an elastic strap positioned at a top thereof to provide greater grip and secure respective kitchen utensils in place. 3. The backpack of claim 1, wherein the pouches are adjacently and laterally aligned on the movable flap. 4. The backpack of claim 1, wherein the base fastener is a strip on the base of the movable flap, and wherein the strip of the base fastener extends fully from one horizontal end to an opposite horizontal end of the movable flap. 5. The backpack of claim 4, wherein the strap fastener likewise extends fully from one horizontal end to the opposite horizontal end. 6. The backpack of claim 5, wherein the strap fastener extends beyond the opposite horizontal end such that the strap fastener is longer than the base fastener to accommodate occupied space by the kitchen utensils. 7. The backpack of claim 6, further comprising a hinge fabric that attaches to the movable flap and a structure of the backpack and which enables the movable flap to laterally rotate. 8. The backpack of claim 7, wherein the strap fastener is secured between the movable flap and the hinge fabric. 9. The backpack of claim 8, further comprising a stagnant flap which includes compartments for storing utensils, and wherein the hinge fabric attaches to and extends from the stagnant flap to the movable flap. 10. The backpack of claim 1, wherein the base and strap fasteners are hook-and-loop fasteners. 11. The backpack of claim 10, wherein the hook-and-look fasteners are Velcro®. | A backpack having multiple pouches on an inside flap can have a fastener which horizontally extends across the flap and which secures kitchen utensils, such as knives, in place. The flap can have multiple aligned pouches which extend laterally across a bottom portion of the flap. A distance above the flaps is a base fastener which extends on a base from one lateral end of the flap to the opposite lateral end. When the handles of kitchen utensils, such as knives, are placed inside respective pouches, the sharpened section of each knife is at least partially exposed. A strap fastener is attached at one lateral end of the flap and removably engages with the base fastener. The strap fastener secures the knives in place by overlapping with the knives and engaging with the exposed portions of the base fastener.1. A backpack having multiple compartments and storage mechanisms to store kitchen utensils, comprising:
a movable flap having a base and on which are multiple pouches arranged on a bottom portion thereof, each pouch configured to hold one or more kitchen utensils; a base fastener positioned above the pouches and on the base of the movable flap; and a strap fastener that is secured to an end of the movable flap and which extends horizontally across the movable flap and aligns and mates with the base fastener, wherein the kitchen utensils overlay with the base fastener and are further secured in place when the strap fastener mates with the base fastener and the kitchen utensils are positioned between the base and strap fasteners. 2. The backpack of claim 1, wherein each pouch has an elastic strap positioned at a top thereof to provide greater grip and secure respective kitchen utensils in place. 3. The backpack of claim 1, wherein the pouches are adjacently and laterally aligned on the movable flap. 4. The backpack of claim 1, wherein the base fastener is a strip on the base of the movable flap, and wherein the strip of the base fastener extends fully from one horizontal end to an opposite horizontal end of the movable flap. 5. The backpack of claim 4, wherein the strap fastener likewise extends fully from one horizontal end to the opposite horizontal end. 6. The backpack of claim 5, wherein the strap fastener extends beyond the opposite horizontal end such that the strap fastener is longer than the base fastener to accommodate occupied space by the kitchen utensils. 7. The backpack of claim 6, further comprising a hinge fabric that attaches to the movable flap and a structure of the backpack and which enables the movable flap to laterally rotate. 8. The backpack of claim 7, wherein the strap fastener is secured between the movable flap and the hinge fabric. 9. The backpack of claim 8, further comprising a stagnant flap which includes compartments for storing utensils, and wherein the hinge fabric attaches to and extends from the stagnant flap to the movable flap. 10. The backpack of claim 1, wherein the base and strap fasteners are hook-and-loop fasteners. 11. The backpack of claim 10, wherein the hook-and-look fasteners are Velcro®. | 3,700 |
343,499 | 16,802,907 | 3,732 | A system and method for of temporary password management may include: obtaining, by a password management entity, a request to login a local device into an authentication authority; generating, by the password management entity, a temporary password; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to the authentication authority; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to a user device; obtaining, at the authentication authority the temporary password from the local device; comparing, by the authentication authority, the temporary password obtained from the local device with the temporary password obtained from the password management entity; and authorizing the login if a match is found. | 1. A computer-implemented method of passwords management, the method comprising:
obtaining, by a password management entity, a request to login a local device into an authentication authority; generating, by the password management entity, a temporary password; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to the authentication authority; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to a user device; obtaining, at the authentication authority the temporary password from the local device; comparing, by the authentication authority, the temporary password obtained from the local device with the temporary password obtained from the password management entity; and authorizing the login if a match is found. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating two values, TP1 and TP2, based on the temporary password, wherein the temporary password can be determined based on the values TP1 and TP2. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending, by the password management entity, TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel; and sending, by the password management entity, TP2 to the user device over a second secured communication channel. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
combining TP1 and TP2 by the user device to arrive at the temporary password; and sending the temporary password from the user device to the local device using an out-of-band channel. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending, by the password management entity, TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel; sending, by the password management entity, TP2 to the local device over a second secured communication channel; sending the PT1 from the user device to the local device using out-of-band channel; and combining TP1 and TP2 by the local device to arrive at the temporary password. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending, by password management entity, TP1 to authentication authority over a first secured communication channel; sending, by password management entity, TP2 to the authentication authority over a second secured communication channel; and combining TP1 and TP2 by the authentication authority to arrive at the temporary password. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deleting the temporary password from the authentication authority after comparing. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein:
TP1 includes a first pair of input and output values of a polynomial of a first degree, and the TP2 includes a second pair of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the method includes:
using the first and second pairs to identify the polynomial; and
generating the temporary password based on a function applied to at least one coefficient of the polynomial. 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a set of at least K+1 pairs of input and output values of a polynomial of degree K, wherein TP1 includes a portion of pairs of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the TP2 includes the other pairs of input and output values of the polynomial; using TP1 and TP2 to identify the polynomial; and after identifying the polynomial from the at least K+1 pairs, applying a function to at least one of the coefficients of the polynomial to generate the temporary password. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the temporary password on the local device. 11. A system for temporary passwords management, the system comprising:
a memory; a processor configured to:
obtain a request to login a local device into an authentication authority;
generate a temporary password;
send the temporary password to the authentication authority;
send the temporary password to a user device;
obtain the temporary password from the local device;
compare the temporary password obtained from the local device with the temporary password obtained from the password management entity; and
authorize the login if a match is found. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate two values, TP1 and TP2, based on the temporary password, wherein the temporary password can be determined based on the values TP1 and TP2. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
send TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel; and send TP2 to the user device over a second secured communication channel. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising the user device:
wherein the user device is configured to:
combine TP1 and TP2 to arrive at the temporary password; and
send the temporary password to the local device using an out-of-band channel. 15. The system of claim 13, further comprising the user device, wherein:
TP1 includes a first pair of input and output values of a polynomial of a first degree and TP2 includes a second pair of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the user device is configured to:
use the first and second pairs to identify the polynomial; and
generate the temporary password based on a function applied to at least one coefficient of the polynomial. 16. The system of claim 13, further comprising the user device, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate a set of at least K+1 pairs of input and output values of a polynomial of degree K, wherein TP1 includes a portion of pairs of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the TP2 includes the other pairs of input and output values of the polynomial; and wherein the user device is configured to:
use TP1 and TP2 to identify the polynomial; and
after identifying the polynomial from the at least K+1 pairs, apply a function to at least one of the coefficients of the polynomial to generate the temporary password. 17. The system of claim 12, further comprising the user device and the local device;
wherein the processor is further configured to:
send TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel;
send TP2 to the local device over a second secured communication channel;
wherein the user device is configured to send the PT1 to the local device using out-of-band channel; and wherein the local device is configured to combine TP1 and TP2 to arrive at the temporary password. 18. The system of claim 12, further comprising the authentication authority:
wherein the processor is further configured to:
send TP1 to the authentication authority over a first secured communication channel;
send TP2 to the authentication authority over a second secured communication channel; and
wherein the authentication authority is configured to:
combine TP1 and TP2 to arrive at the temporary password. 19. The system of claim 11, further comprising the authentication authority, wherein the authentication authority is configured to delete the temporary password from the authentication authority after comparing. 20. The system of claim 11, further comprising the local device, wherein the local device is configured to store the temporary password on the local device. | A system and method for of temporary password management may include: obtaining, by a password management entity, a request to login a local device into an authentication authority; generating, by the password management entity, a temporary password; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to the authentication authority; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to a user device; obtaining, at the authentication authority the temporary password from the local device; comparing, by the authentication authority, the temporary password obtained from the local device with the temporary password obtained from the password management entity; and authorizing the login if a match is found.1. A computer-implemented method of passwords management, the method comprising:
obtaining, by a password management entity, a request to login a local device into an authentication authority; generating, by the password management entity, a temporary password; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to the authentication authority; sending, by the password management entity, the temporary password to a user device; obtaining, at the authentication authority the temporary password from the local device; comparing, by the authentication authority, the temporary password obtained from the local device with the temporary password obtained from the password management entity; and authorizing the login if a match is found. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating two values, TP1 and TP2, based on the temporary password, wherein the temporary password can be determined based on the values TP1 and TP2. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending, by the password management entity, TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel; and sending, by the password management entity, TP2 to the user device over a second secured communication channel. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
combining TP1 and TP2 by the user device to arrive at the temporary password; and sending the temporary password from the user device to the local device using an out-of-band channel. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending, by the password management entity, TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel; sending, by the password management entity, TP2 to the local device over a second secured communication channel; sending the PT1 from the user device to the local device using out-of-band channel; and combining TP1 and TP2 by the local device to arrive at the temporary password. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
sending, by password management entity, TP1 to authentication authority over a first secured communication channel; sending, by password management entity, TP2 to the authentication authority over a second secured communication channel; and combining TP1 and TP2 by the authentication authority to arrive at the temporary password. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deleting the temporary password from the authentication authority after comparing. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein:
TP1 includes a first pair of input and output values of a polynomial of a first degree, and the TP2 includes a second pair of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the method includes:
using the first and second pairs to identify the polynomial; and
generating the temporary password based on a function applied to at least one coefficient of the polynomial. 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a set of at least K+1 pairs of input and output values of a polynomial of degree K, wherein TP1 includes a portion of pairs of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the TP2 includes the other pairs of input and output values of the polynomial; using TP1 and TP2 to identify the polynomial; and after identifying the polynomial from the at least K+1 pairs, applying a function to at least one of the coefficients of the polynomial to generate the temporary password. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the temporary password on the local device. 11. A system for temporary passwords management, the system comprising:
a memory; a processor configured to:
obtain a request to login a local device into an authentication authority;
generate a temporary password;
send the temporary password to the authentication authority;
send the temporary password to a user device;
obtain the temporary password from the local device;
compare the temporary password obtained from the local device with the temporary password obtained from the password management entity; and
authorize the login if a match is found. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate two values, TP1 and TP2, based on the temporary password, wherein the temporary password can be determined based on the values TP1 and TP2. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
send TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel; and send TP2 to the user device over a second secured communication channel. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising the user device:
wherein the user device is configured to:
combine TP1 and TP2 to arrive at the temporary password; and
send the temporary password to the local device using an out-of-band channel. 15. The system of claim 13, further comprising the user device, wherein:
TP1 includes a first pair of input and output values of a polynomial of a first degree and TP2 includes a second pair of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the user device is configured to:
use the first and second pairs to identify the polynomial; and
generate the temporary password based on a function applied to at least one coefficient of the polynomial. 16. The system of claim 13, further comprising the user device, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate a set of at least K+1 pairs of input and output values of a polynomial of degree K, wherein TP1 includes a portion of pairs of input and output values of the polynomial, and wherein the TP2 includes the other pairs of input and output values of the polynomial; and wherein the user device is configured to:
use TP1 and TP2 to identify the polynomial; and
after identifying the polynomial from the at least K+1 pairs, apply a function to at least one of the coefficients of the polynomial to generate the temporary password. 17. The system of claim 12, further comprising the user device and the local device;
wherein the processor is further configured to:
send TP1 to the user device over a first secured communication channel;
send TP2 to the local device over a second secured communication channel;
wherein the user device is configured to send the PT1 to the local device using out-of-band channel; and wherein the local device is configured to combine TP1 and TP2 to arrive at the temporary password. 18. The system of claim 12, further comprising the authentication authority:
wherein the processor is further configured to:
send TP1 to the authentication authority over a first secured communication channel;
send TP2 to the authentication authority over a second secured communication channel; and
wherein the authentication authority is configured to:
combine TP1 and TP2 to arrive at the temporary password. 19. The system of claim 11, further comprising the authentication authority, wherein the authentication authority is configured to delete the temporary password from the authentication authority after comparing. 20. The system of claim 11, further comprising the local device, wherein the local device is configured to store the temporary password on the local device. | 3,700 |
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