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343,300 | 16,802,721 | 3,653 | An image display device according to the present disclosure includes a first self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of first color light, a second self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of second color light, a third self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of third color light, and a prism including a dichroic mirror; the first self-luminous display element includes a first functional layer and a first substrate portion, the second self-luminous display element includes a second functional layer and a second substrate portion, and the third self-luminous display element includes a third functional layer and a third substrate portion; the first, the second, and the third substrate portion have an identical configuration in the thickness directions thereof; and the first, the second, and the third functional layer have a mutually different film thickness. | 1. An image display device comprising:
a first self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of first color light having a peak in a first color region; a second self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of second color light having a peak in a second color region; a third self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of third color light having a peak in a third color region; and a prism including a dichroic mirror that synthesizes three colors of the first color light emitted from the first self-luminous display element, the second color light emitted from the second self-luminous display element, and the third color light emitted from the third self-luminous display element, wherein the first self-luminous display element, the second self-luminous display element, and the third self-luminous display element each include a support substrate, a reflective film, a light-emitting layer, and a semireflective semitransmissive electrode, and the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are extracted from the semireflective semitransmissive electrode side, the first self-luminous display element includes a first functional layer including the light-emitting layer and a first substrate portion including the reflective film, the second self-luminous display element includes a second functional layer including the light-emitting layer and a second substrate portion including the reflective film, and the third self-luminous display element includes a third functional layer including the light-emitting layer and a third substrate portion including the reflective film, the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion have a same configuration in thickness directions thereof, and the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer each have a mutually different film thickness. 2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the reflective films in the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion has a same film thickness. 3. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion each include a transparent electrode, and
each of the transparent electrodes in the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion has a same film thickness. 4. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion each include an optical adjustment layer, and each of the optical adjustment layers in the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion has a same film thickness. 5. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first self-luminous display element, the second self-luminous display element, and the third self-luminous display element are each an organic electroluminescent element, the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer each have a hole transport layer, and each of the hole transport layers in the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer has a mutually different film thickness. 6. The image display device according to claim 5, wherein
the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer each have an electron transport layer, and the hole transport layer in each of the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer has a film thickness greater than a sum of a film thickness of the electron transport layer and a film thickness of the light-emitting layer. 7. The image display device according to claim 5, wherein the hole transport layer in each of the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer is constituted of a laminated body of two or more layers. 8. The image display device according to claim 7, wherein
the hole transport layer in each the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer is constituted of the laminated body of a mixed layer containing a hole transport material and a hole injection material, and a single layer containing a hole transport material. 9. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are red color light, blue color light, and green color light, respectively. 10. A virtual image display apparatus, comprising the image display device according to claim 1. | An image display device according to the present disclosure includes a first self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of first color light, a second self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of second color light, a third self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of third color light, and a prism including a dichroic mirror; the first self-luminous display element includes a first functional layer and a first substrate portion, the second self-luminous display element includes a second functional layer and a second substrate portion, and the third self-luminous display element includes a third functional layer and a third substrate portion; the first, the second, and the third substrate portion have an identical configuration in the thickness directions thereof; and the first, the second, and the third functional layer have a mutually different film thickness.1. An image display device comprising:
a first self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of first color light having a peak in a first color region; a second self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of second color light having a peak in a second color region; a third self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of third color light having a peak in a third color region; and a prism including a dichroic mirror that synthesizes three colors of the first color light emitted from the first self-luminous display element, the second color light emitted from the second self-luminous display element, and the third color light emitted from the third self-luminous display element, wherein the first self-luminous display element, the second self-luminous display element, and the third self-luminous display element each include a support substrate, a reflective film, a light-emitting layer, and a semireflective semitransmissive electrode, and the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are extracted from the semireflective semitransmissive electrode side, the first self-luminous display element includes a first functional layer including the light-emitting layer and a first substrate portion including the reflective film, the second self-luminous display element includes a second functional layer including the light-emitting layer and a second substrate portion including the reflective film, and the third self-luminous display element includes a third functional layer including the light-emitting layer and a third substrate portion including the reflective film, the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion have a same configuration in thickness directions thereof, and the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer each have a mutually different film thickness. 2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the reflective films in the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion has a same film thickness. 3. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion each include a transparent electrode, and
each of the transparent electrodes in the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion has a same film thickness. 4. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion each include an optical adjustment layer, and each of the optical adjustment layers in the first substrate portion, the second substrate portion, and the third substrate portion has a same film thickness. 5. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first self-luminous display element, the second self-luminous display element, and the third self-luminous display element are each an organic electroluminescent element, the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer each have a hole transport layer, and each of the hole transport layers in the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer has a mutually different film thickness. 6. The image display device according to claim 5, wherein
the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer each have an electron transport layer, and the hole transport layer in each of the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer has a film thickness greater than a sum of a film thickness of the electron transport layer and a film thickness of the light-emitting layer. 7. The image display device according to claim 5, wherein the hole transport layer in each of the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer is constituted of a laminated body of two or more layers. 8. The image display device according to claim 7, wherein
the hole transport layer in each the first functional layer, the second functional layer, and the third functional layer is constituted of the laminated body of a mixed layer containing a hole transport material and a hole injection material, and a single layer containing a hole transport material. 9. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are red color light, blue color light, and green color light, respectively. 10. A virtual image display apparatus, comprising the image display device according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
343,301 | 16,802,627 | 3,653 | A feature extraction is performed on transaction data to obtain a user classification feature and a transaction classification feature. A first dimension feature is constructed based on the user classification feature and the transaction classification feature. A dimension reduction processing is performed on the first dimension feature to obtain a second dimension feature. A probability that the transaction data relates to a risky transaction is determined based on a decision classification of the second dimension feature, where the decision classification is based on a pre-trained deep forest network including a plurality of levels of decision tree forest sets. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
obtaining feature data describing a transaction initiated by a user of a transaction service, wherein the feature data comprises a set of features belonging to respective feature categories; 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is a deep forest model. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the deep forest model includes multiple levels of respective base classifiers. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising training the deep forest model on training data that specifies a plurality of transaction samples. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein training the deep forest network comprises:
collecting a plurality of black samples and white samples, wherein the each black sample relates to a risky transaction, and wherein each white sample relates to a normal transaction; extracting feature data from data associated with the black samples and data associated with the white samples; performing a dimension reduction process on the feature data having a first dimension to obtain sampled feature data; and iteratively performing a training process on the deep forest model. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein iteratively performing a training process comprises, for a current level of respective base classifiers:
training each base classifier included in the current level on the sampled feature data; concatenating one or more output features of the current level to features from the sampled feature data; training each base classifier included in a next level by using the concatenated features; and terminating the training process upon determining that a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein a number of the black samples is not equal to a number of the white samples, and the method further comprises:
prior to training each base classifier:
dividing data associated with the black samples and data with the white samples through a k-fold cross validation into one or more training datasets and one or more corresponding validation datasets;
training a base classifier on the training datasets; and
testing the base classifier on the validation datasets to obtain an indicator that evaluates a performance of the base classifier. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining a maximum decision tree depth threshold based on a black-to-white sample ratio; and setting a maximum value of the decision tree depth to the maximum depth threshold. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining feature data describing a transaction initiated by a user of a transaction service, wherein the feature data comprises a set of features belonging to respective feature categories; 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a deep forest model. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the deep forest model includes multiple levels of respective base classifiers. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising training the deep forest model on training data that specifies a plurality of transaction samples. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein training the deep forest network comprises:
collecting a plurality of black samples and white samples, wherein the each black sample relates to a risky transaction, and wherein each white sample relates to a normal transaction; 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein iteratively performing a training process comprises, for a current level of respective base classifiers:
training each base classifier included in the current level on the sampled feature data; concatenating one or more output features of the current level to features from the sampled feature data; training each base classifier included in a next level by using the concatenated features; and terminating the training process upon determining that a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining feature data describing a transaction initiated by a user of a transaction service, wherein the feature data comprises a set of features belonging to respective feature categories; for each feature category: selecting, from the features belonging to the feature category and in accordance with a respective feature retention rate, a plurality of sampled features; and generating, based on processing the sampled features using a machine learning model, an output specifying a predicted classification of the transaction. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the machine learning model is a deep forest model. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the deep forest model includes multiple levels of respective base classifiers. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, further comprising training the deep forest model on training data that specifies a plurality of transaction samples. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein training the deep forest network comprises:
collecting a plurality of black samples and white samples, wherein the each black sample relates to a risky transaction, and wherein each white sample relates to a normal transaction; extracting feature data from data associated with the black samples and data associated with the white samples; performing a dimension reduction process on the feature data having a first dimension to obtain sampled feature data; and iteratively performing a training process on the deep forest model. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 19, wherein iteratively performing a training process comprises, for a current level of respective base classifiers:
training each base classifier included in the current level on the sampled feature data; concatenating one or more output features of the current level to features from the sampled feature data; training each base classifier included in a next level by using the concatenated features; and terminating the training process upon determining that a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. | A feature extraction is performed on transaction data to obtain a user classification feature and a transaction classification feature. A first dimension feature is constructed based on the user classification feature and the transaction classification feature. A dimension reduction processing is performed on the first dimension feature to obtain a second dimension feature. A probability that the transaction data relates to a risky transaction is determined based on a decision classification of the second dimension feature, where the decision classification is based on a pre-trained deep forest network including a plurality of levels of decision tree forest sets.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
obtaining feature data describing a transaction initiated by a user of a transaction service, wherein the feature data comprises a set of features belonging to respective feature categories; 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is a deep forest model. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the deep forest model includes multiple levels of respective base classifiers. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising training the deep forest model on training data that specifies a plurality of transaction samples. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein training the deep forest network comprises:
collecting a plurality of black samples and white samples, wherein the each black sample relates to a risky transaction, and wherein each white sample relates to a normal transaction; extracting feature data from data associated with the black samples and data associated with the white samples; performing a dimension reduction process on the feature data having a first dimension to obtain sampled feature data; and iteratively performing a training process on the deep forest model. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein iteratively performing a training process comprises, for a current level of respective base classifiers:
training each base classifier included in the current level on the sampled feature data; concatenating one or more output features of the current level to features from the sampled feature data; training each base classifier included in a next level by using the concatenated features; and terminating the training process upon determining that a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein a number of the black samples is not equal to a number of the white samples, and the method further comprises:
prior to training each base classifier:
dividing data associated with the black samples and data with the white samples through a k-fold cross validation into one or more training datasets and one or more corresponding validation datasets;
training a base classifier on the training datasets; and
testing the base classifier on the validation datasets to obtain an indicator that evaluates a performance of the base classifier. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining a maximum decision tree depth threshold based on a black-to-white sample ratio; and setting a maximum value of the decision tree depth to the maximum depth threshold. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining feature data describing a transaction initiated by a user of a transaction service, wherein the feature data comprises a set of features belonging to respective feature categories; 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a deep forest model. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the deep forest model includes multiple levels of respective base classifiers. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising training the deep forest model on training data that specifies a plurality of transaction samples. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein training the deep forest network comprises:
collecting a plurality of black samples and white samples, wherein the each black sample relates to a risky transaction, and wherein each white sample relates to a normal transaction; 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein iteratively performing a training process comprises, for a current level of respective base classifiers:
training each base classifier included in the current level on the sampled feature data; concatenating one or more output features of the current level to features from the sampled feature data; training each base classifier included in a next level by using the concatenated features; and terminating the training process upon determining that a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: obtaining feature data describing a transaction initiated by a user of a transaction service, wherein the feature data comprises a set of features belonging to respective feature categories; for each feature category: selecting, from the features belonging to the feature category and in accordance with a respective feature retention rate, a plurality of sampled features; and generating, based on processing the sampled features using a machine learning model, an output specifying a predicted classification of the transaction. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the machine learning model is a deep forest model. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the deep forest model includes multiple levels of respective base classifiers. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, further comprising training the deep forest model on training data that specifies a plurality of transaction samples. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein training the deep forest network comprises:
collecting a plurality of black samples and white samples, wherein the each black sample relates to a risky transaction, and wherein each white sample relates to a normal transaction; extracting feature data from data associated with the black samples and data associated with the white samples; performing a dimension reduction process on the feature data having a first dimension to obtain sampled feature data; and iteratively performing a training process on the deep forest model. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 19, wherein iteratively performing a training process comprises, for a current level of respective base classifiers:
training each base classifier included in the current level on the sampled feature data; concatenating one or more output features of the current level to features from the sampled feature data; training each base classifier included in a next level by using the concatenated features; and terminating the training process upon determining that a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. | 3,600 |
343,302 | 16,802,675 | 3,653 | The present invention provides a fine bubble generating apparatus capable of generating fine bubbles efficiently. The present invention includes a fluid flow passage that includes a narrow portion in at least a part thereof, a heating part capable of heating a liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage, and a controlling unit that controls the heating part. The controlling unit controls the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. | 1. A fine bubble generating apparatus, comprising:
a fluid flow passage that includes a narrow portion in at least a part of the fluid flow passage; a heating part capable of heating a liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage; and a controlling unit that controls the heating part, wherein the controlling unit controls the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. 2. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the controlling unit controls an amount of the ultrafine bubbles generated by the heating part to adjust a ratio between a volume of the liquid passing through the narrow portion and a volume of a gas contained in the liquid. 3. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a gas introduction flow passage that introduces a gas into the fluid flow passage, wherein the gas introduction flow passage is coupled with at least one of a position in which the narrow portion is formed and a position upstream of the narrow portion based on a flowing direction of a fluid flowing through the fluid flow passage. 4. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the gas introduction flow passage is coupled so as to allow atmospheric air to be introduced into the narrow portion. 5. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of the heating parts are arranged in the fluid flow passage. 6. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part is arranged in at least one of a position upstream of the narrow portion based on a flowing direction of the liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage and a position in which the narrow portion is formed. 7. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part is provided in a position downstream of the narrow portion based on a flowing direction of the liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage, and the controlling unit controls the generation of the ultrafine bubbles by the heating part to prompt breakup of a gas contained in a fluid that passed through the narrow portion. 8. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the fluid flow passage includes a reflux flow passage that refluxes the liquid on a downstream side of the narrow portion to an upstream side of the narrow portion. 9. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the narrow portion is formed to include a continuous curved surface. 10. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the narrow portion is formed to include a flat surface. 11. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of the narrow portions are formed at a predetermined interval in the fluid flow passage, and the heating part is arranged corresponding to at least one of the plurality of the narrow portions. 12. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the fluid flow passage, a flow passage-cross section of at least the narrow portion is formed in a rectangular shape. 13. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the fluid flow passage, a flow passage-cross section of at least the narrow portion is formed in a circular shape. 14. A fine bubble generating method, comprising:
heating a liquid flowing through a fluid flow passage including a narrow portion in at least a part of the fluid flow passage by a heating part; and controlling the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. 15. A fine bubble-containing liquid that is generated by a fine bubble generating apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a fluid flow passage that includes a narrow portion in at least a part of the fluid flow passage; a heating part capable of heating a liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage; and a controlling unit that controls the heating part, wherein the controlling unit controls the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. | The present invention provides a fine bubble generating apparatus capable of generating fine bubbles efficiently. The present invention includes a fluid flow passage that includes a narrow portion in at least a part thereof, a heating part capable of heating a liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage, and a controlling unit that controls the heating part. The controlling unit controls the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles.1. A fine bubble generating apparatus, comprising:
a fluid flow passage that includes a narrow portion in at least a part of the fluid flow passage; a heating part capable of heating a liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage; and a controlling unit that controls the heating part, wherein the controlling unit controls the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. 2. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the controlling unit controls an amount of the ultrafine bubbles generated by the heating part to adjust a ratio between a volume of the liquid passing through the narrow portion and a volume of a gas contained in the liquid. 3. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a gas introduction flow passage that introduces a gas into the fluid flow passage, wherein the gas introduction flow passage is coupled with at least one of a position in which the narrow portion is formed and a position upstream of the narrow portion based on a flowing direction of a fluid flowing through the fluid flow passage. 4. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the gas introduction flow passage is coupled so as to allow atmospheric air to be introduced into the narrow portion. 5. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of the heating parts are arranged in the fluid flow passage. 6. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part is arranged in at least one of a position upstream of the narrow portion based on a flowing direction of the liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage and a position in which the narrow portion is formed. 7. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the heating part is provided in a position downstream of the narrow portion based on a flowing direction of the liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage, and the controlling unit controls the generation of the ultrafine bubbles by the heating part to prompt breakup of a gas contained in a fluid that passed through the narrow portion. 8. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the fluid flow passage includes a reflux flow passage that refluxes the liquid on a downstream side of the narrow portion to an upstream side of the narrow portion. 9. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the narrow portion is formed to include a continuous curved surface. 10. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the narrow portion is formed to include a flat surface. 11. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of the narrow portions are formed at a predetermined interval in the fluid flow passage, and the heating part is arranged corresponding to at least one of the plurality of the narrow portions. 12. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the fluid flow passage, a flow passage-cross section of at least the narrow portion is formed in a rectangular shape. 13. The fine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
in the fluid flow passage, a flow passage-cross section of at least the narrow portion is formed in a circular shape. 14. A fine bubble generating method, comprising:
heating a liquid flowing through a fluid flow passage including a narrow portion in at least a part of the fluid flow passage by a heating part; and controlling the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. 15. A fine bubble-containing liquid that is generated by a fine bubble generating apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a fluid flow passage that includes a narrow portion in at least a part of the fluid flow passage; a heating part capable of heating a liquid flowing through the fluid flow passage; and a controlling unit that controls the heating part, wherein the controlling unit controls the heating part to generate film boiling in the liquid to generate ultrafine bubbles. | 3,600 |
343,303 | 16,802,690 | 3,653 | A capacitor unit includes a capacitor having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a positive bus bar, a negative bus bar, a sealing resin, an insulator. The positive bus bar and the negative bus bar are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The sealing resin seals the capacitor, a part of the positive bus bar, and a part of the negative bus bar. The insulator is located between the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar. The insulator includes a recess recessed from either surface of the insulator facing the positive bus bar or the negative bus bar. At least a part of the recess is exposed from the sealing resin. | 1. A capacitor unit comprising:
a capacitor including a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a positive bus bar connected to the positive electrode; a negative bus bar connected to the negative electrode; a sealing resin sealing the capacitor, a part of the positive bus bar, and a part of the negative bus bar; and an insulator located between the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar, wherein the insulator includes a recess recessed from either surface of the insulator facing the positive bus bar or the negative bus bar, and at least a part of the recess is exposed from the sealing resin. 2. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the bus bar that faces the recess includes:
a straight portion extending straight outward from an interface of the sealing resin; and
a curved portion curved from an end of the straight portion that is away from the sealing resin, and
the recess faces the straight portion. 3. The capacitor unit according to claim 2, wherein
the curved portion is bent in a predetermined direction from the end of the straight portion, and the bus bar faces the recess in the predetermined direction. 4. The capacitor unit according to claim 2, wherein
the recess is located adjacent to the curved portion. 5. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
a width of the recess is larger than a width of the bus bar facing the recess. 6. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the insulator includes an edge forming a contour of the recess, and the edge forms a right angle or an acute angle. 7. The capacitor unit according to claim 6, wherein
the edge protrudes toward the bus bar facing the recess. 8. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the recess is one of a plurality of recesses, and the plurality of recesses are formed on both of a first surface of the insulator that faces the positive bus bar and a second surface of the insulator that faces the negative bus bar. 9. The capacitor unit according to claim 8, wherein
when the recess formed on the first surface of the insulator is referred as a positive recess and the recess formed on the second surface of the insulator is refereed as a negative recess, the insulator has a plate shape, and the positive recess is formed in a different region from the negative recess viewed in an orthogonal direction to a plate face of the insulator. 10. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
an end of the positive bus bar away from the positive electrode and an end of the negative bus bar away from the negative electrode are fixed to an external conductor with a bolt or welding. 11. A capacitor unit comprising:
a capacitor including a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a positive bus bar connected to the positive electrode; a negative bus bar connected to the negative electrode; a sealing resin sealing the capacitor, a part of the positive bus bar, and a part of the negative bus bar; and an insulator located between the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar, wherein at least one of the positive bus bar or the negative bus bar includes a bus bar recess that faces the insulator and is recessed away from the insulator, and at least a part of the bus bar recess is exposed from the sealing resin. | A capacitor unit includes a capacitor having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a positive bus bar, a negative bus bar, a sealing resin, an insulator. The positive bus bar and the negative bus bar are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The sealing resin seals the capacitor, a part of the positive bus bar, and a part of the negative bus bar. The insulator is located between the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar. The insulator includes a recess recessed from either surface of the insulator facing the positive bus bar or the negative bus bar. At least a part of the recess is exposed from the sealing resin.1. A capacitor unit comprising:
a capacitor including a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a positive bus bar connected to the positive electrode; a negative bus bar connected to the negative electrode; a sealing resin sealing the capacitor, a part of the positive bus bar, and a part of the negative bus bar; and an insulator located between the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar, wherein the insulator includes a recess recessed from either surface of the insulator facing the positive bus bar or the negative bus bar, and at least a part of the recess is exposed from the sealing resin. 2. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the bus bar that faces the recess includes:
a straight portion extending straight outward from an interface of the sealing resin; and
a curved portion curved from an end of the straight portion that is away from the sealing resin, and
the recess faces the straight portion. 3. The capacitor unit according to claim 2, wherein
the curved portion is bent in a predetermined direction from the end of the straight portion, and the bus bar faces the recess in the predetermined direction. 4. The capacitor unit according to claim 2, wherein
the recess is located adjacent to the curved portion. 5. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
a width of the recess is larger than a width of the bus bar facing the recess. 6. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the insulator includes an edge forming a contour of the recess, and the edge forms a right angle or an acute angle. 7. The capacitor unit according to claim 6, wherein
the edge protrudes toward the bus bar facing the recess. 8. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the recess is one of a plurality of recesses, and the plurality of recesses are formed on both of a first surface of the insulator that faces the positive bus bar and a second surface of the insulator that faces the negative bus bar. 9. The capacitor unit according to claim 8, wherein
when the recess formed on the first surface of the insulator is referred as a positive recess and the recess formed on the second surface of the insulator is refereed as a negative recess, the insulator has a plate shape, and the positive recess is formed in a different region from the negative recess viewed in an orthogonal direction to a plate face of the insulator. 10. The capacitor unit according to claim 1, wherein
an end of the positive bus bar away from the positive electrode and an end of the negative bus bar away from the negative electrode are fixed to an external conductor with a bolt or welding. 11. A capacitor unit comprising:
a capacitor including a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a positive bus bar connected to the positive electrode; a negative bus bar connected to the negative electrode; a sealing resin sealing the capacitor, a part of the positive bus bar, and a part of the negative bus bar; and an insulator located between the positive bus bar and the negative bus bar, wherein at least one of the positive bus bar or the negative bus bar includes a bus bar recess that faces the insulator and is recessed away from the insulator, and at least a part of the bus bar recess is exposed from the sealing resin. | 3,600 |
343,304 | 16,802,731 | 3,653 | A copper-based brazing material comprises an alloy having nickel in a proportion of from 20 to 35 percent by weight, zinc in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight, manganese in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight, chromium in a proportion of from 1 to 10 percent by weight, silicon in a proportion of from 0.1 to 5 percent by weight and molybdenum in a proportion of from 0 to 7 percent by weight, each based on the total weight of the alloy, and the remainder being copper and unavoidable impurities. The alloy is in particular free from boron, phosphorus and lead. The brazing material can be used for induction brazing of components made of iron materials for exhaust systems in motor vehicles. | 1. A method for joining components made of iron materials for exhaust systems in vehicles comprising the steps of:
providing a brazing material comprising a copper-based alloy consisting of
nickel in a proportion of from 20 to 35 percent by weight,
zinc in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight,
manganese in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight,
chromium in a proportion of from 1 to 10 percent by weight,
silicon in a proportion of from 0.1 to 5 percent by weight and
molybdenum in a proportion of from 0 to 7 percent by weight,
each based on the total weight of the copper-based alloy, and the remainder being copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein the copper-based alloy is free from boron, phosphorus and lead; and induction brazing of a first vehicle exhaust component to a second vehicle exhaust component using the brazing material. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said induction brazing is performed at a processing temperature of the brazing material of at most 1200° C. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second vehicle exhaust components are comprised of stainless steel. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the brazing material is provided in a form of a wire or of a foil. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of zinc in the copper-based alloy is within a range of from 5 to 15 percent by weight. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of zinc in the copper-based alloy is within a range of from 5 to 12 percent by weight. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of manganese is within a range of from 7 to 19 percent by weight. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of manganese is within a range of from 8 to 18 percent by weight. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of chromium is within a range of from 3 to 10 percent by weight. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of chromium is within a range of from 4 to 10 percent by weight. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of silicon is within a range of from 0.1 to 3 percent by weight. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of silicon is within a range of from 0.2 to 1 percent by weight. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of molybdenum is within a range of from 0.1 to 7 percent by weight. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of molybdenum is within a range of from 0.5 to 2 percent by weight. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of nickel is within a range of from 25 to 30 percent by weight. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brazing material has a liquidus temperature in a range of from 1050° C. to 1150° C. 17. A method for joining components of an exhaust system in vehicles comprising the steps of:
providing a first vehicle exhaust component and a second vehicle exhaust component, and an induction brazing gap formed between said first and second vehicle exhaust component, wherein the first and second vehicle exhaust component are made of stainless steel; providing a brazing material in a form of a wire or foil, and supplying said brazing material to said induction brazing gap; and induction brazing said first and second vehicle exhaust component to each other at a processing temperature of less than or equal to 1200° C., thereby forming a braze joint from said brazing material, wherein said brazing material comprises a copper-based alloy consisting of:
nickel in a proportion of from 25 to 35 percent by weight,
zinc in a proportion of from 5 to 15 percent by weight,
manganese in a proportion of from 8 to 18 percent by weight,
chromium in a proportion of from 4 to 10 percent by weight,
silicon in a proportion of from 0.1 to 1 percent by weight and
molybdenum in a proportion of from 0 to 2 percent by weight,
each based on the total weight of the copper-based alloy, and the remainder being copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein the copper-based alloy is free from boron, phosphorus and lead. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the proportion of nickel is within a range of from 25 to 30 percent by weight. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the proportion of zinc in the copper-based alloy is within a range of from 5 to 12 percent by weight. 20. The brazing material according to claim 17, wherein the brazing material has a liquidus temperature in a range of from 1050° C. to 1150° C. | A copper-based brazing material comprises an alloy having nickel in a proportion of from 20 to 35 percent by weight, zinc in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight, manganese in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight, chromium in a proportion of from 1 to 10 percent by weight, silicon in a proportion of from 0.1 to 5 percent by weight and molybdenum in a proportion of from 0 to 7 percent by weight, each based on the total weight of the alloy, and the remainder being copper and unavoidable impurities. The alloy is in particular free from boron, phosphorus and lead. The brazing material can be used for induction brazing of components made of iron materials for exhaust systems in motor vehicles.1. A method for joining components made of iron materials for exhaust systems in vehicles comprising the steps of:
providing a brazing material comprising a copper-based alloy consisting of
nickel in a proportion of from 20 to 35 percent by weight,
zinc in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight,
manganese in a proportion of from 5 to 20 percent by weight,
chromium in a proportion of from 1 to 10 percent by weight,
silicon in a proportion of from 0.1 to 5 percent by weight and
molybdenum in a proportion of from 0 to 7 percent by weight,
each based on the total weight of the copper-based alloy, and the remainder being copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein the copper-based alloy is free from boron, phosphorus and lead; and induction brazing of a first vehicle exhaust component to a second vehicle exhaust component using the brazing material. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said induction brazing is performed at a processing temperature of the brazing material of at most 1200° C. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second vehicle exhaust components are comprised of stainless steel. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the brazing material is provided in a form of a wire or of a foil. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of zinc in the copper-based alloy is within a range of from 5 to 15 percent by weight. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of zinc in the copper-based alloy is within a range of from 5 to 12 percent by weight. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of manganese is within a range of from 7 to 19 percent by weight. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of manganese is within a range of from 8 to 18 percent by weight. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of chromium is within a range of from 3 to 10 percent by weight. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of chromium is within a range of from 4 to 10 percent by weight. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of silicon is within a range of from 0.1 to 3 percent by weight. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of silicon is within a range of from 0.2 to 1 percent by weight. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of molybdenum is within a range of from 0.1 to 7 percent by weight. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of molybdenum is within a range of from 0.5 to 2 percent by weight. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of nickel is within a range of from 25 to 30 percent by weight. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brazing material has a liquidus temperature in a range of from 1050° C. to 1150° C. 17. A method for joining components of an exhaust system in vehicles comprising the steps of:
providing a first vehicle exhaust component and a second vehicle exhaust component, and an induction brazing gap formed between said first and second vehicle exhaust component, wherein the first and second vehicle exhaust component are made of stainless steel; providing a brazing material in a form of a wire or foil, and supplying said brazing material to said induction brazing gap; and induction brazing said first and second vehicle exhaust component to each other at a processing temperature of less than or equal to 1200° C., thereby forming a braze joint from said brazing material, wherein said brazing material comprises a copper-based alloy consisting of:
nickel in a proportion of from 25 to 35 percent by weight,
zinc in a proportion of from 5 to 15 percent by weight,
manganese in a proportion of from 8 to 18 percent by weight,
chromium in a proportion of from 4 to 10 percent by weight,
silicon in a proportion of from 0.1 to 1 percent by weight and
molybdenum in a proportion of from 0 to 2 percent by weight,
each based on the total weight of the copper-based alloy, and the remainder being copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein the copper-based alloy is free from boron, phosphorus and lead. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the proportion of nickel is within a range of from 25 to 30 percent by weight. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the proportion of zinc in the copper-based alloy is within a range of from 5 to 12 percent by weight. 20. The brazing material according to claim 17, wherein the brazing material has a liquidus temperature in a range of from 1050° C. to 1150° C. | 3,600 |
343,305 | 16,802,741 | 3,653 | An energy harvester includes an elongated tubular casing extending around a longitudinal axis between opposed first and second ends. A body is arranged in the casing. A helical electrical winding is wound around the longitudinal axis. The body is arranged to move along the longitudinal axis with alternate motion away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end. As a result of this alternate motion, an electromotive force is produced in the at least one helical electrical winding. Furthermore, at least one of the first and second ends includes a piezoelectric transducer that is configured to co-operate in a kinetic energy transfer relationship with the at least one body to generate an electric voltage as a result of the at least one body reaching, in the alternate motion, an end-of-travel position towards the piezoelectric transducer. | 1. An energy harvester, comprising:
an elongated tubular casing extending around a longitudinal axis between opposed first and second ends; at least one body arranged in the elongated tubular casing; and at least one helical electrical winding wound around the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing; wherein the at least one body is movable along the longitudinal axis with an alternate motion away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end to produce a first electrical signal due to an electromotive force in the at least one helical electrical winding as a result of said alternate motion; and wherein at least one of the opposed first and second ends of the casing comprises a piezoelectric transducer configured to co-operate in a kinetic energy transfer relationship with the at least one body as a result of the at least one body reaching in said alternate motion an end-of-travel position towards the piezoelectric transducer so as to produce a second electrical signal. 2. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the first and second ends of the elongated tubular casing each comprise a respective piezoelectric transducer configured to produce said second electrical signal. 3. The energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising a guide structure extending along said longitudinal axis, wherein the at least one body is slidably coupled to the guide structure to facilitate said alternate motion. 4. The energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising a bumper formation protruding from each of the first and second ends and configured to be impacted against by the at least one body as a result of the at least one body reaching end-of-travel positions in said alternate motion. 5. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the at least one body arranged in the elongated tubular casing comprises a magnet having a magnetic polarization parallel to the longitudinal axis of the casing. 6. The energy harvester of claim 5, further comprising first and second magnets provided, respectively, at the first and second ends of the elongated tubular casing, said first and second further magnets having magnetic polarizations opposed to the magnetic polarization of said magnet to counter impact of said at least one body against the first and second ends. 7. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the at least one helical electrical winding is wound onto an outer surface of the elongated tubular casing. 8. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the at least one helical electrical winding is wound within an open space defined by the elongated tubular casing. 9. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one helical electrical winding wound around the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing comprises a helical spring of electrically-conductive material arranged in the elongated tubular casing between the first end and the second end of the elongated tubular casing; and the at least one body is mechanically coupled to said helical spring, wherein said alternate motion of said at least one body away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end along the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing results in motion of at least one turn of said helical spring along said longitudinal axis to produce an electromotive force in the at least one helical spring. 10. The energy harvester of claim 9, wherein the elongated tubular casing comprises magnetic material for generating a non-uniform magnetic field within the elongated tubular casing. 11. The energy harvester of claim 9, wherein said at least one body comprises a plurality of bodies, and wherein said plurality of bodies are mechanically coupled to said helical spring, wherein said alternate motion of said plurality of bodies away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end along the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing results in motion of respective turns of said helical spring along said longitudinal axis to produce an electromotive force in the helical spring. 12. The energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising:
a rectifier circuit coupled to receive the first electrical signal from the at least one helical electrical winding and receive the second electrical signal from the at least one piezoelectric transducer, the rectifier circuit configured for rectifying a voltage of the first electrical signal and a voltage of the second electrical signal to provide an output rectified voltage. 13. The energy harvester of claim 12, further comprising an energy storage component configured to store electrical energy from said output rectified voltage. 14. The energy harvester of claim 13, comprising:
a power management circuit configured to sense a voltage across the energy storage component and to supply energy from the energy storage component to a load circuit. 15. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the load circuit comprises a processing circuit. 16. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the power management circuit is configured to:
enable energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit as a result of said voltage across the energy storage component increasing to an upper threshold, and disable energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit after a time interval from said energy transfer being enabled. 17. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the power management circuit is configured to disable energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit as a result of said voltage across the energy storage component decreasing to a lower threshold. 18. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the load circuit comprises a sensor circuit configured to:
measure a time interval elapsing between an enablement and a subsequent disablement of the energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit, and generate an output signal indicative of a motion parameter of said at least one body in the energy harvester as a function of said measured time interval. | An energy harvester includes an elongated tubular casing extending around a longitudinal axis between opposed first and second ends. A body is arranged in the casing. A helical electrical winding is wound around the longitudinal axis. The body is arranged to move along the longitudinal axis with alternate motion away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end. As a result of this alternate motion, an electromotive force is produced in the at least one helical electrical winding. Furthermore, at least one of the first and second ends includes a piezoelectric transducer that is configured to co-operate in a kinetic energy transfer relationship with the at least one body to generate an electric voltage as a result of the at least one body reaching, in the alternate motion, an end-of-travel position towards the piezoelectric transducer.1. An energy harvester, comprising:
an elongated tubular casing extending around a longitudinal axis between opposed first and second ends; at least one body arranged in the elongated tubular casing; and at least one helical electrical winding wound around the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing; wherein the at least one body is movable along the longitudinal axis with an alternate motion away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end to produce a first electrical signal due to an electromotive force in the at least one helical electrical winding as a result of said alternate motion; and wherein at least one of the opposed first and second ends of the casing comprises a piezoelectric transducer configured to co-operate in a kinetic energy transfer relationship with the at least one body as a result of the at least one body reaching in said alternate motion an end-of-travel position towards the piezoelectric transducer so as to produce a second electrical signal. 2. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the first and second ends of the elongated tubular casing each comprise a respective piezoelectric transducer configured to produce said second electrical signal. 3. The energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising a guide structure extending along said longitudinal axis, wherein the at least one body is slidably coupled to the guide structure to facilitate said alternate motion. 4. The energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising a bumper formation protruding from each of the first and second ends and configured to be impacted against by the at least one body as a result of the at least one body reaching end-of-travel positions in said alternate motion. 5. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the at least one body arranged in the elongated tubular casing comprises a magnet having a magnetic polarization parallel to the longitudinal axis of the casing. 6. The energy harvester of claim 5, further comprising first and second magnets provided, respectively, at the first and second ends of the elongated tubular casing, said first and second further magnets having magnetic polarizations opposed to the magnetic polarization of said magnet to counter impact of said at least one body against the first and second ends. 7. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the at least one helical electrical winding is wound onto an outer surface of the elongated tubular casing. 8. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the at least one helical electrical winding is wound within an open space defined by the elongated tubular casing. 9. The energy harvester of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one helical electrical winding wound around the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing comprises a helical spring of electrically-conductive material arranged in the elongated tubular casing between the first end and the second end of the elongated tubular casing; and the at least one body is mechanically coupled to said helical spring, wherein said alternate motion of said at least one body away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end along the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing results in motion of at least one turn of said helical spring along said longitudinal axis to produce an electromotive force in the at least one helical spring. 10. The energy harvester of claim 9, wherein the elongated tubular casing comprises magnetic material for generating a non-uniform magnetic field within the elongated tubular casing. 11. The energy harvester of claim 9, wherein said at least one body comprises a plurality of bodies, and wherein said plurality of bodies are mechanically coupled to said helical spring, wherein said alternate motion of said plurality of bodies away from the first end towards the second end and away from the second end towards the first end along the longitudinal axis of the elongated tubular casing results in motion of respective turns of said helical spring along said longitudinal axis to produce an electromotive force in the helical spring. 12. The energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising:
a rectifier circuit coupled to receive the first electrical signal from the at least one helical electrical winding and receive the second electrical signal from the at least one piezoelectric transducer, the rectifier circuit configured for rectifying a voltage of the first electrical signal and a voltage of the second electrical signal to provide an output rectified voltage. 13. The energy harvester of claim 12, further comprising an energy storage component configured to store electrical energy from said output rectified voltage. 14. The energy harvester of claim 13, comprising:
a power management circuit configured to sense a voltage across the energy storage component and to supply energy from the energy storage component to a load circuit. 15. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the load circuit comprises a processing circuit. 16. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the power management circuit is configured to:
enable energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit as a result of said voltage across the energy storage component increasing to an upper threshold, and disable energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit after a time interval from said energy transfer being enabled. 17. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the power management circuit is configured to disable energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit as a result of said voltage across the energy storage component decreasing to a lower threshold. 18. The energy harvester of claim 14, wherein the load circuit comprises a sensor circuit configured to:
measure a time interval elapsing between an enablement and a subsequent disablement of the energy transfer from the energy storage component to the load circuit, and generate an output signal indicative of a motion parameter of said at least one body in the energy harvester as a function of said measured time interval. | 3,600 |
343,306 | 16,802,691 | 3,653 | A track chain assembly includes at least one track link having a shelf extending laterally from the a side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface. | 1. A track link comprising:
a body including a top surface and a bottom surface defining a height therebetween, a first side surface and a second side surface defining a thickness therebetween, a proximate end and a distal end defining a length therebetween; wherein the body defines a first bore adjacent the distal end and a second bore adjacent to the proximate end; and a shelf extending laterally from the second side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface. 2. The track link of claim 1 wherein the body defines
a first aperture disposed between the first bore and the second bore, the first aperture being disposed nearer the first bore than the second bore;
the body defines a second aperture disposed between the first aperture and the second bore;
the body includes a first strut disposed between the first aperture and the second aperture;
the body includes a second strut disposed between the first aperture and the first bore;
the body includes a bridge disposed between the second aperture and the second bore;
the shelf also being disposed above the first aperture and the second aperture; and
a ratio of the height of the track link to the predetermined distance ranges from 10.0 to 30.0. 3. The track link of claim 2 wherein the predetermined distance ranges from 2.0 mm to 18.0 mm, and the shelf defines a shelf height that ranges from 60.0 mm to 200.00 mm. 4. The track link of claim 1 the shelf defines a shelf length and a ratio of the length of the link to the shelf length ranges from 4.0 to 8.0. 5. The track link of claim 4 wherein the shelf length ranges from 30.0 mm to 100.0 mm. 6. The track link of claim 1 wherein the shelf includes a lateral arcuate surface defining a radius of curvature and that defines a lateral extremity spaced away from the second side surface a lateral distance, and a ratio of the thickness of the link to the lateral distance ranges from 2.0 to 4.0. 7. The track link of claim 6 wherein the radius of curvature ranges from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm and the lateral distance ranges from 10.0 mm to 50.0 mm. 8. A replacement kit for an undercarriage assembly comprising:
a track chain assembly including
a plurality of track pins and track bushings disposed about the track pins; and
a plurality of track links that are connected to each other by either a track pin or a track bushing;
at least one track link including
a body defining a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface defining a thickness therebetween, a proximate end and a distal end; wherein
the body defines a first bore adjacent the distal end and a second bore adjacent to the proximate end;
a shelf extending laterally from the second side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface. 9. The replacement kit of claim 8 further comprising an idler including a single continuous circumferential surface defining an overall diameter, the idler further defining an overall width, and a ratio of the overall diameter to the overall width ranges from 10.0 to 20.0. 10. The replacement kit of claim 8 further comprising a sprocket segment defining a notch that is complimentarily shaped to the shelf of the at least one track link. 11. The replacement kit of claim 10 wherein the shelf defines a lateral convex arcuate surface defining a radius of curvature ranging from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm, and the notch defines a lateral concave arcuate surface defining a concave radius of curvature ranging from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm. 12. An undercarriage assembly comprising:
a track chain assembly including
a plurality of track pins and track bushings disposed about the track pins; and
a plurality of track links that are connected to each other by either a track pin or a track bushing;
the at least one track link including
a body defining a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface defining a thickness therebetween, a proximate end and a distal end; wherein
the body defines a first bore adjacent the distal end and a second bore adjacent to the proximate end;
a shelf extending laterally from the second side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface;
an idler that is configured to only contact the shelf of the at least one track link; a sprocket defining a notch that is spaced laterally away from shelf of the at least one track link a minimum clearance distance, the sprocket being configured to contact only the plurality of track bushings; and a roller that is configured to contact the top surface of the track link, the roller being spaced away from the shelf of the at least one track link and the plurality of track bushings. 13. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the minimum clearance distance ranges from 25.0 mm to 200.00 mm, and the support surface defines a support surface area that ranges from 200 mm2 to 700 mm2. 14. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the idler comprises a single continuous circumferential surface defining an overall diameter, the idler further defining an overall width, and a ratio of the overall diameter to the overall width ranges from 10.0 to 20.0. 15. The undercarriage assembly of claim 14 wherein the overall diameter ranges from 500.0 mm to 1250.0 mm, the overall width ranges from 25.0 mm to 125.0 mm. 16. The undercarriage assembly of claim 15 wherein the track chain assembly comprises a series of outboard links and a series of inboard links, the shelf and the plurality of track bushings are interposed between the series of outboard links and the series of inboard links, and the idler is disposed between the series of outboard links and inboard links, and contacting the shelf of the at least one track link. 17. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the track chain assembly defines a direction of travel, and the sprocket defines a notch length measured along the direction of travel and a notch width measured along a lateral direction that is perpendicular to the direction of travel. 18. The undercarriage assembly of claim 17 wherein the notch length ranges from 80.0 mm to 175.0 mm and the notch width ranges from 18.0 mm to 50.0 mm. 19. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the sprocket comprises a sprocket segment defining a radial direction and including an angled support that forms an included angle with the radial direction that ranges from 6.0 degrees to 9.0 degrees. 20. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the shelf of the at least one track link includes a lateral convex arcuate surface defining a radius of curvature ranging from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm. | A track chain assembly includes at least one track link having a shelf extending laterally from the a side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface.1. A track link comprising:
a body including a top surface and a bottom surface defining a height therebetween, a first side surface and a second side surface defining a thickness therebetween, a proximate end and a distal end defining a length therebetween; wherein the body defines a first bore adjacent the distal end and a second bore adjacent to the proximate end; and a shelf extending laterally from the second side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface. 2. The track link of claim 1 wherein the body defines
a first aperture disposed between the first bore and the second bore, the first aperture being disposed nearer the first bore than the second bore;
the body defines a second aperture disposed between the first aperture and the second bore;
the body includes a first strut disposed between the first aperture and the second aperture;
the body includes a second strut disposed between the first aperture and the first bore;
the body includes a bridge disposed between the second aperture and the second bore;
the shelf also being disposed above the first aperture and the second aperture; and
a ratio of the height of the track link to the predetermined distance ranges from 10.0 to 30.0. 3. The track link of claim 2 wherein the predetermined distance ranges from 2.0 mm to 18.0 mm, and the shelf defines a shelf height that ranges from 60.0 mm to 200.00 mm. 4. The track link of claim 1 the shelf defines a shelf length and a ratio of the length of the link to the shelf length ranges from 4.0 to 8.0. 5. The track link of claim 4 wherein the shelf length ranges from 30.0 mm to 100.0 mm. 6. The track link of claim 1 wherein the shelf includes a lateral arcuate surface defining a radius of curvature and that defines a lateral extremity spaced away from the second side surface a lateral distance, and a ratio of the thickness of the link to the lateral distance ranges from 2.0 to 4.0. 7. The track link of claim 6 wherein the radius of curvature ranges from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm and the lateral distance ranges from 10.0 mm to 50.0 mm. 8. A replacement kit for an undercarriage assembly comprising:
a track chain assembly including
a plurality of track pins and track bushings disposed about the track pins; and
a plurality of track links that are connected to each other by either a track pin or a track bushing;
at least one track link including
a body defining a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface defining a thickness therebetween, a proximate end and a distal end; wherein
the body defines a first bore adjacent the distal end and a second bore adjacent to the proximate end;
a shelf extending laterally from the second side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface. 9. The replacement kit of claim 8 further comprising an idler including a single continuous circumferential surface defining an overall diameter, the idler further defining an overall width, and a ratio of the overall diameter to the overall width ranges from 10.0 to 20.0. 10. The replacement kit of claim 8 further comprising a sprocket segment defining a notch that is complimentarily shaped to the shelf of the at least one track link. 11. The replacement kit of claim 10 wherein the shelf defines a lateral convex arcuate surface defining a radius of curvature ranging from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm, and the notch defines a lateral concave arcuate surface defining a concave radius of curvature ranging from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm. 12. An undercarriage assembly comprising:
a track chain assembly including
a plurality of track pins and track bushings disposed about the track pins; and
a plurality of track links that are connected to each other by either a track pin or a track bushing;
the at least one track link including
a body defining a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface defining a thickness therebetween, a proximate end and a distal end; wherein
the body defines a first bore adjacent the distal end and a second bore adjacent to the proximate end;
a shelf extending laterally from the second side surface and including a support surface spaced away from the top surface a predetermined distance measured perpendicularly to the top surface;
an idler that is configured to only contact the shelf of the at least one track link; a sprocket defining a notch that is spaced laterally away from shelf of the at least one track link a minimum clearance distance, the sprocket being configured to contact only the plurality of track bushings; and a roller that is configured to contact the top surface of the track link, the roller being spaced away from the shelf of the at least one track link and the plurality of track bushings. 13. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the minimum clearance distance ranges from 25.0 mm to 200.00 mm, and the support surface defines a support surface area that ranges from 200 mm2 to 700 mm2. 14. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the idler comprises a single continuous circumferential surface defining an overall diameter, the idler further defining an overall width, and a ratio of the overall diameter to the overall width ranges from 10.0 to 20.0. 15. The undercarriage assembly of claim 14 wherein the overall diameter ranges from 500.0 mm to 1250.0 mm, the overall width ranges from 25.0 mm to 125.0 mm. 16. The undercarriage assembly of claim 15 wherein the track chain assembly comprises a series of outboard links and a series of inboard links, the shelf and the plurality of track bushings are interposed between the series of outboard links and the series of inboard links, and the idler is disposed between the series of outboard links and inboard links, and contacting the shelf of the at least one track link. 17. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the track chain assembly defines a direction of travel, and the sprocket defines a notch length measured along the direction of travel and a notch width measured along a lateral direction that is perpendicular to the direction of travel. 18. The undercarriage assembly of claim 17 wherein the notch length ranges from 80.0 mm to 175.0 mm and the notch width ranges from 18.0 mm to 50.0 mm. 19. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the sprocket comprises a sprocket segment defining a radial direction and including an angled support that forms an included angle with the radial direction that ranges from 6.0 degrees to 9.0 degrees. 20. The undercarriage assembly of claim 12 wherein the shelf of the at least one track link includes a lateral convex arcuate surface defining a radius of curvature ranging from 20.0 mm to 60.0 mm. | 3,600 |
343,307 | 16,802,728 | 3,653 | A controller of an internal combustion engine includes a sensor, a control unit controlling the engine, and a detector obtaining detection data from the sensor and transmitting the data to the control unit. The detector includes a detection data obtainer obtaining the detection data and storing the detection data in a storage upon having an input of a trigger signal, and a detection data transmitter transmitting the detection data stored in the storage to the control unit, and the control unit includes a trigger output unit outputting the trigger signal at a certain rotation angle timing of the internal combustion engine, and a detection data receiver obtaining the detection data from the detector. | 1. A controller of an internal combustion engine comprising:
a sensor configured to detect a predetermined drive state of the internal combustion engine; a control unit configured to control a drive of the internal combustion engine based on detection data representing the drive state detected by the sensor; and a detector configured to transmit the detection data to the control unit after obtaining the detection data from the sensor, wherein the detector includes:
a detection data obtainer configured to obtain the detection data from the sensor and store the detection data in a storage when a trigger signal is input from the control unit; and
a detection data transmitter configured to transmit the detection data stored in the storage to the control unit by performing a data communication with the control unit, and
the control unit includes:
a trigger output unit configured to output the trigger signal to the detector at a predetermined rotation angle timing in synchronization with a rotation of the internal combustion engine; and
a detection data receiver configured to obtain the detection data stored in the storage from the detector by performing the data communication with the detector. 2. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein
the detector operates in a first period and in a second period, the first period allowing the detector to obtain the detection data from the sensor, and the second period not allowing the detector to obtain the detection data from the sensor, the detection data obtainer is configured to,
during the first period, cyclically obtain the detection data from the sensor at an interval shorter than an output interval of the trigger signal from the control unit,
upon having an input of the trigger signal from the control unit in the first period, store a latest value of the detection data obtained from the sensor in the storage, and
upon having an input of the trigger signal from the control unit in the second period, store latest two vales of the detection data obtained during the first period in the storage as a previous value and a value before previous value, and
the detection data receiver in the control unit is configured to obtain either (i) the latest vale stored in the storage or (ii) the previous value and the value before previous value stored in the storage, as the detection data by performing the data communication with the detector. 3. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 2, wherein
the detection data obtainer is configured to assign, to the detection data, information representing that the detection data is either (i) the latest value or (ii) the previous value and the value before previous value when storing the detection data in the storage according to an input of the trigger signal. 4. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 2, wherein
the detection data receiver is configured to estimate the latest value of the detection data obtained at a trigger signal input timing based on the previous value and the value before previous value when the detection data obtained from the detector is the previous value and the value before previous value. 5. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 1, further comprising a sensor element, the sensor element including at least two electrodes, wherein the sensor element is attached to an exhaust pipe so that a first electrode is exposed to the exhaust pipe and a second electrode is exposed to outside air, for use as a limit-current A/F sensor. 6. The controller of an internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein
the at least two electrodes are porous electrodes disposed on front and back surfaces of a solid electrolyte body. | A controller of an internal combustion engine includes a sensor, a control unit controlling the engine, and a detector obtaining detection data from the sensor and transmitting the data to the control unit. The detector includes a detection data obtainer obtaining the detection data and storing the detection data in a storage upon having an input of a trigger signal, and a detection data transmitter transmitting the detection data stored in the storage to the control unit, and the control unit includes a trigger output unit outputting the trigger signal at a certain rotation angle timing of the internal combustion engine, and a detection data receiver obtaining the detection data from the detector.1. A controller of an internal combustion engine comprising:
a sensor configured to detect a predetermined drive state of the internal combustion engine; a control unit configured to control a drive of the internal combustion engine based on detection data representing the drive state detected by the sensor; and a detector configured to transmit the detection data to the control unit after obtaining the detection data from the sensor, wherein the detector includes:
a detection data obtainer configured to obtain the detection data from the sensor and store the detection data in a storage when a trigger signal is input from the control unit; and
a detection data transmitter configured to transmit the detection data stored in the storage to the control unit by performing a data communication with the control unit, and
the control unit includes:
a trigger output unit configured to output the trigger signal to the detector at a predetermined rotation angle timing in synchronization with a rotation of the internal combustion engine; and
a detection data receiver configured to obtain the detection data stored in the storage from the detector by performing the data communication with the detector. 2. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein
the detector operates in a first period and in a second period, the first period allowing the detector to obtain the detection data from the sensor, and the second period not allowing the detector to obtain the detection data from the sensor, the detection data obtainer is configured to,
during the first period, cyclically obtain the detection data from the sensor at an interval shorter than an output interval of the trigger signal from the control unit,
upon having an input of the trigger signal from the control unit in the first period, store a latest value of the detection data obtained from the sensor in the storage, and
upon having an input of the trigger signal from the control unit in the second period, store latest two vales of the detection data obtained during the first period in the storage as a previous value and a value before previous value, and
the detection data receiver in the control unit is configured to obtain either (i) the latest vale stored in the storage or (ii) the previous value and the value before previous value stored in the storage, as the detection data by performing the data communication with the detector. 3. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 2, wherein
the detection data obtainer is configured to assign, to the detection data, information representing that the detection data is either (i) the latest value or (ii) the previous value and the value before previous value when storing the detection data in the storage according to an input of the trigger signal. 4. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 2, wherein
the detection data receiver is configured to estimate the latest value of the detection data obtained at a trigger signal input timing based on the previous value and the value before previous value when the detection data obtained from the detector is the previous value and the value before previous value. 5. The controller of an internal combustion engine of claim 1, further comprising a sensor element, the sensor element including at least two electrodes, wherein the sensor element is attached to an exhaust pipe so that a first electrode is exposed to the exhaust pipe and a second electrode is exposed to outside air, for use as a limit-current A/F sensor. 6. The controller of an internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein
the at least two electrodes are porous electrodes disposed on front and back surfaces of a solid electrolyte body. | 3,600 |
343,308 | 16,802,714 | 3,653 | A fixing device includes a fixing rotator, a pressure rotator, a heat source, a nip formation pad, and a support. The nip formation pad presses against the pressure rotator to form a fixing nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator. The support supports the nip formation pad toward the fixing nip. A longitudinal end portion of the pressure rotator has an outer diameter greater than that of a longitudinal center portion of the pressure rotator. The pressure rotator includes a grip that contacts the nip formation pad via the fixing rotator outside a recording medium with a maximum width conveyable passing through the fixing nip and applies a frictional force to the fixing rotator. The nip formation pad includes a nip face having an inflection point from which a longitudinal direction of the nip face is curved toward the support within an area opposite the grip. | 1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing rotator; a pressure rotator disposed opposite the fixing rotator; a heat source configured to heat the fixing rotator; a nip formation pad configured to press against the pressure rotator via the fixing rotator to form a fixing nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator; and a support configured to support the nip formation pad toward the fixing nip, a longitudinal end portion of the pressure rotator having an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of a longitudinal center portion of the pressure rotator, the pressure rotator including a grip configured to contact the nip formation pad via the fixing rotator outside a recording medium passing through the fixing nip and apply a frictional force to the fixing rotator, the recording medium having a maximum width conveyable in the fixing device, the nip formation pad including a nip face having an inflection point from which a longitudinal direction of the nip face is curved toward the support within an area opposite the grip. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein the nip formation pad includes:
a slide aid configured to contact an inner circumferential surface of the fixing rotator; and
a slide aid support configured to support the slide aid,
wherein the slide aid is a metal material having a belt side coated, and wherein the belt side of the slide aid is configured to contact the inner circumferential surface of the fixing rotator. 3. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein the nip face of the nip formation pad is configured to contact the fixing rotator, and wherein the inflection point turns at least part of the nip face within the area opposite the grip toward the support from one of a line and a circle through a longitudinal center point of the nip face and opposed end points of the maximum width of the recording medium on the nip face. 4. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein a longitudinal center portion of the nip formation pad projects toward the pressure rotator. 5. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein the nip formation pad is curved toward the support starting from a middle within the area opposite the grip. 6. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image bearer configured to bear a toner image; and the fixing device according to claim 1, the fixing device being configured to fix the toner image onto the recording medium. | A fixing device includes a fixing rotator, a pressure rotator, a heat source, a nip formation pad, and a support. The nip formation pad presses against the pressure rotator to form a fixing nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator. The support supports the nip formation pad toward the fixing nip. A longitudinal end portion of the pressure rotator has an outer diameter greater than that of a longitudinal center portion of the pressure rotator. The pressure rotator includes a grip that contacts the nip formation pad via the fixing rotator outside a recording medium with a maximum width conveyable passing through the fixing nip and applies a frictional force to the fixing rotator. The nip formation pad includes a nip face having an inflection point from which a longitudinal direction of the nip face is curved toward the support within an area opposite the grip.1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing rotator; a pressure rotator disposed opposite the fixing rotator; a heat source configured to heat the fixing rotator; a nip formation pad configured to press against the pressure rotator via the fixing rotator to form a fixing nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator; and a support configured to support the nip formation pad toward the fixing nip, a longitudinal end portion of the pressure rotator having an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of a longitudinal center portion of the pressure rotator, the pressure rotator including a grip configured to contact the nip formation pad via the fixing rotator outside a recording medium passing through the fixing nip and apply a frictional force to the fixing rotator, the recording medium having a maximum width conveyable in the fixing device, the nip formation pad including a nip face having an inflection point from which a longitudinal direction of the nip face is curved toward the support within an area opposite the grip. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein the nip formation pad includes:
a slide aid configured to contact an inner circumferential surface of the fixing rotator; and
a slide aid support configured to support the slide aid,
wherein the slide aid is a metal material having a belt side coated, and wherein the belt side of the slide aid is configured to contact the inner circumferential surface of the fixing rotator. 3. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein the nip face of the nip formation pad is configured to contact the fixing rotator, and wherein the inflection point turns at least part of the nip face within the area opposite the grip toward the support from one of a line and a circle through a longitudinal center point of the nip face and opposed end points of the maximum width of the recording medium on the nip face. 4. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein a longitudinal center portion of the nip formation pad projects toward the pressure rotator. 5. The fixing device according to claim 1,
wherein the nip formation pad is curved toward the support starting from a middle within the area opposite the grip. 6. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image bearer configured to bear a toner image; and the fixing device according to claim 1, the fixing device being configured to fix the toner image onto the recording medium. | 3,600 |
343,309 | 16,802,732 | 3,653 | A stationary fertilizer sprayer assembly for watering or fertilizing a selected area includes a container that is comprised of a fluid impermeable material to contain a fluid fertilizer. A base is coupled to the container and the base rests on a support surface adjacent to an area to be fertilized. A dispensing nozzle is removably coupled to the container such that the dispensing nozzle is in fluid communication with the container and the dispensing nozzle is fluidly attachable to a water source to receive water. The dispensing nozzle includes a mixture valve that is positionable in a mixing position of a non-mixing position. In this way the dispensing nozzle can spray either pure water or a mixture of the fluid fertilizer and water. | 1. A stationary fertilizer sprayer assembly being configured to spray a fluid fertilizer over a broad area without being held by a user, said assembly comprising:
a container being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said container is configured to contain a fluid fertilizer; a base being coupled to said container wherein said base is configured to rest on a support surface adjacent to an area to be fertilized; a plurality of spikes, each of said spikes being extendable through said base to engage the support surface wherein said plurality of spikes is configured to inhibit said container from being displaced on the support surface; and a dispensing nozzle being removably coupled to said container such that said dispensing nozzle is in fluid communication with said container, said dispensing nozzle having a input and an output, said input being fluidly attachable to a water source wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to receive the water, said dispensing nozzle including a mixture valve, said mixture valve being positioned between said input and said output, said mixture valve being positionable in a mixing position for passing air into said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray a mixture of the water and the liquid fertilizer, said mixture valve being positionable in an non-mixing position for inhibiting the air from entering said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray only water. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said container has a bottom wall and an outer wall extending upwardly from a perimeter of said bottom wall, said outer wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall to define an opening into an interior of said container, said outer wall being threaded adjacent to said distal edge. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said base has a top surface and a bottom surface, said top surface being attached to said bottom wall of said container, said base having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said container to define an exposed portion of said top surface, said base having a plurality of apertures each extending through said top surface and said bottom surface, each of said apertures being positioned on said exposed portion. 4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein each of said spikes has a first portion being oriented at an angle with a second portion, said second portion having a distal end with respect to said first portion, said distal end tapering to a point wherein said distal end is configured to penetrate the support surface, said second portion of each of said spikes being extendable through a respective one of said apertures in said base having said first portion of each of said spikes resting upon said top surface to inhibit said base from being lifted from the support surface. 5. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said dispensing nozzle comprises a lid having a top wall and an exterior wall extending downwardly from a perimeter of said top wall, said exterior wall threadably engaging an outer wall of said container having said top wall resting on a distal edge of said container. 6. The assembly according to claim 5, wherein said dispensing nozzle includes a tube having each of said input and said output being associated therewith, said tube having an outer wall extending between said input and said output, said outer wall of said tube being coupled to a top surface of said top wall of said lid. 7. The assembly according to claim 6, wherein said dispensing nozzle comprises a shut off valve being movably integrated into said tube, said shut off valve being positionable between an open position and an off position, said shut off valve being positioned adjacent to said input, said shut off valve inhibiting the water from passing therethrough when said shut off valve is in said closed position wherein said shut off valve is configured to inhibit the water from passing outwardly through said output, said shut off valve facilitating the water to pass therethrough when said shut off valve is in said open position wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the water to pass through said tube. 8. The assembly according to claim 6, wherein said mixture valve is coupled to said top side of said top wall of said lid having said mixture valve being positioned adjacent to said outer wall of said tube, said mixture valve having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, said outlet portion being in fluid communication with an interior of said container, said input portion being exposed to ambient air. 9. The assembly according to claim 8, wherein:
said mixture valve passes air into said container when said mixture valve is positioned in said mixing position; and said mixture valve inhibits the air from entering said container when said mixture valve is in said non-mixing position. 10. The assembly according to claim 6, further comprising a mixture pipe being fluid coupled to said lid, said mixture pipe extending upwardly into an interior of said tube and downwardly into said container when said lid is coupled to said container, said mixture pipe being positioned between said mixture valve and said output of said tube wherein said mixture pipe is configured to pass the fluid fertilizer into said tube for spraying the mixture of fluid fertilizer and water. 11. A stationary fertilizer sprayer assembly being configured to spray a fluid fertilizer over a broad area without being held by a user, said assembly comprising:
a container being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said container is configured to contain a fluid fertilizer, said container having a bottom wall and an outer wall extending upwardly from a perimeter of said bottom wall, said outer wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall to define an opening into an interior of said container, said outer wall being threaded adjacent to said distal edge; a base being coupled to said container wherein said base is configured to rest on a support surface adjacent to an area to be fertilized, said base having a top surface and a bottom surface, said top surface being attached to said bottom wall of said container, said base having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said container to define an exposed portion of said top surface, said base having a plurality of apertures each extending through said top surface and said bottom surface, each of said apertures being positioned on said exposed portion; a plurality of spikes, each of said spikes being extendable through said base to engage the support surface wherein said plurality of spikes is configured to inhibit said container from being displaced on the support surface, each of said spikes having a first portion being oriented at an angle with a second portion, said second portion having a distal end with respect to said first portion, said distal end tapering to a point wherein said distal end is configured to penetrate the support surface, said second portion of each of said spikes being extendable through a respective one of said apertures in said base having said first portion of each of said spikes resting upon said top surface to inhibit said base from being lifted from the support surface; and a dispensing nozzle being removably coupled to said container such that said dispensing nozzle is in fluid communication with said container, said dispensing nozzle having a input and an output, said input being fluidly attachable to a water source wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to receive the water, said dispensing nozzle including a mixture valve, said mixture valve being positioned between said input and said output, said mixture valve being positionable in a mixing position for passing air into said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray a mixture of the water and the liquid fertilizer, said mixture valve being positionable in an non-mixing position for inhibiting the air from entering said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray only water, said dispensing nozzle comprising:
a lid having a top wall and an exterior wall extending downwardly from a perimeter of said top wall, said exterior wall threadably engaging said outer wall of said container having said top wall resting on said distal edge of said container;
a tube having each of said input and said output being associated therewith, said tube having an outer wall extending between said input and said output, said outer wall of said tube being coupled to a top surface of said top wall of said lid;
a shut off valve being movably integrated into said tube, said shut off valve being positionable between an open position and an off position, said shut off valve being positioned adjacent to said input, said shut off valve inhibiting the water from passing therethrough when said shut off valve is in said closed position wherein said shut off valve is configured to inhibit the water from passing outwardly through said output, said shut off valve facilitating the water to pass therethrough when said shut off valve is in said open position wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the water to pass through said tube;
wherein said mixture valve is coupled to said top side of said top wall of said lid having said mixture valve being positioned adjacent to said outer wall of said tube, said mixture valve having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, said outlet portion being in fluid communication with an interior of said container, said input portion being exposed to ambient air, said mixture valve passing air into said container when said mixture valve is positioned in said mixing position, said mixture valve inhibiting the air from entering said container when said mixture valve is in said non-mixing position; and
a mixture pipe being fluid coupled to said lid, said mixture pipe extending upwardly into an interior of said tube and downwardly into said container when said lid is coupled to said container, said mixture having suction being induced therein by water passing across said mixture pipe, said mixture pipe being positioned between said mixture valve and said output of said tube wherein said mixture pipe is configured to pass the fluid fertilizer into said tube for spraying the mixture of fluid fertilizer and water, the water passing across said mixture pipe induces a suction to draw the liquid fertilizer upwardly through said mixture pipe, said mixing valve completing the circuit for air flow when said mixture valve is in the mixing position to facilitate the liquid fertilizer to rise through the mixture pipe and mix with the water. | A stationary fertilizer sprayer assembly for watering or fertilizing a selected area includes a container that is comprised of a fluid impermeable material to contain a fluid fertilizer. A base is coupled to the container and the base rests on a support surface adjacent to an area to be fertilized. A dispensing nozzle is removably coupled to the container such that the dispensing nozzle is in fluid communication with the container and the dispensing nozzle is fluidly attachable to a water source to receive water. The dispensing nozzle includes a mixture valve that is positionable in a mixing position of a non-mixing position. In this way the dispensing nozzle can spray either pure water or a mixture of the fluid fertilizer and water.1. A stationary fertilizer sprayer assembly being configured to spray a fluid fertilizer over a broad area without being held by a user, said assembly comprising:
a container being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said container is configured to contain a fluid fertilizer; a base being coupled to said container wherein said base is configured to rest on a support surface adjacent to an area to be fertilized; a plurality of spikes, each of said spikes being extendable through said base to engage the support surface wherein said plurality of spikes is configured to inhibit said container from being displaced on the support surface; and a dispensing nozzle being removably coupled to said container such that said dispensing nozzle is in fluid communication with said container, said dispensing nozzle having a input and an output, said input being fluidly attachable to a water source wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to receive the water, said dispensing nozzle including a mixture valve, said mixture valve being positioned between said input and said output, said mixture valve being positionable in a mixing position for passing air into said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray a mixture of the water and the liquid fertilizer, said mixture valve being positionable in an non-mixing position for inhibiting the air from entering said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray only water. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said container has a bottom wall and an outer wall extending upwardly from a perimeter of said bottom wall, said outer wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall to define an opening into an interior of said container, said outer wall being threaded adjacent to said distal edge. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said base has a top surface and a bottom surface, said top surface being attached to said bottom wall of said container, said base having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said container to define an exposed portion of said top surface, said base having a plurality of apertures each extending through said top surface and said bottom surface, each of said apertures being positioned on said exposed portion. 4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein each of said spikes has a first portion being oriented at an angle with a second portion, said second portion having a distal end with respect to said first portion, said distal end tapering to a point wherein said distal end is configured to penetrate the support surface, said second portion of each of said spikes being extendable through a respective one of said apertures in said base having said first portion of each of said spikes resting upon said top surface to inhibit said base from being lifted from the support surface. 5. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said dispensing nozzle comprises a lid having a top wall and an exterior wall extending downwardly from a perimeter of said top wall, said exterior wall threadably engaging an outer wall of said container having said top wall resting on a distal edge of said container. 6. The assembly according to claim 5, wherein said dispensing nozzle includes a tube having each of said input and said output being associated therewith, said tube having an outer wall extending between said input and said output, said outer wall of said tube being coupled to a top surface of said top wall of said lid. 7. The assembly according to claim 6, wherein said dispensing nozzle comprises a shut off valve being movably integrated into said tube, said shut off valve being positionable between an open position and an off position, said shut off valve being positioned adjacent to said input, said shut off valve inhibiting the water from passing therethrough when said shut off valve is in said closed position wherein said shut off valve is configured to inhibit the water from passing outwardly through said output, said shut off valve facilitating the water to pass therethrough when said shut off valve is in said open position wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the water to pass through said tube. 8. The assembly according to claim 6, wherein said mixture valve is coupled to said top side of said top wall of said lid having said mixture valve being positioned adjacent to said outer wall of said tube, said mixture valve having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, said outlet portion being in fluid communication with an interior of said container, said input portion being exposed to ambient air. 9. The assembly according to claim 8, wherein:
said mixture valve passes air into said container when said mixture valve is positioned in said mixing position; and said mixture valve inhibits the air from entering said container when said mixture valve is in said non-mixing position. 10. The assembly according to claim 6, further comprising a mixture pipe being fluid coupled to said lid, said mixture pipe extending upwardly into an interior of said tube and downwardly into said container when said lid is coupled to said container, said mixture pipe being positioned between said mixture valve and said output of said tube wherein said mixture pipe is configured to pass the fluid fertilizer into said tube for spraying the mixture of fluid fertilizer and water. 11. A stationary fertilizer sprayer assembly being configured to spray a fluid fertilizer over a broad area without being held by a user, said assembly comprising:
a container being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said container is configured to contain a fluid fertilizer, said container having a bottom wall and an outer wall extending upwardly from a perimeter of said bottom wall, said outer wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall to define an opening into an interior of said container, said outer wall being threaded adjacent to said distal edge; a base being coupled to said container wherein said base is configured to rest on a support surface adjacent to an area to be fertilized, said base having a top surface and a bottom surface, said top surface being attached to said bottom wall of said container, said base having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said container to define an exposed portion of said top surface, said base having a plurality of apertures each extending through said top surface and said bottom surface, each of said apertures being positioned on said exposed portion; a plurality of spikes, each of said spikes being extendable through said base to engage the support surface wherein said plurality of spikes is configured to inhibit said container from being displaced on the support surface, each of said spikes having a first portion being oriented at an angle with a second portion, said second portion having a distal end with respect to said first portion, said distal end tapering to a point wherein said distal end is configured to penetrate the support surface, said second portion of each of said spikes being extendable through a respective one of said apertures in said base having said first portion of each of said spikes resting upon said top surface to inhibit said base from being lifted from the support surface; and a dispensing nozzle being removably coupled to said container such that said dispensing nozzle is in fluid communication with said container, said dispensing nozzle having a input and an output, said input being fluidly attachable to a water source wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to receive the water, said dispensing nozzle including a mixture valve, said mixture valve being positioned between said input and said output, said mixture valve being positionable in a mixing position for passing air into said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray a mixture of the water and the liquid fertilizer, said mixture valve being positionable in an non-mixing position for inhibiting the air from entering said container wherein said dispensing nozzle is configured to spray only water, said dispensing nozzle comprising:
a lid having a top wall and an exterior wall extending downwardly from a perimeter of said top wall, said exterior wall threadably engaging said outer wall of said container having said top wall resting on said distal edge of said container;
a tube having each of said input and said output being associated therewith, said tube having an outer wall extending between said input and said output, said outer wall of said tube being coupled to a top surface of said top wall of said lid;
a shut off valve being movably integrated into said tube, said shut off valve being positionable between an open position and an off position, said shut off valve being positioned adjacent to said input, said shut off valve inhibiting the water from passing therethrough when said shut off valve is in said closed position wherein said shut off valve is configured to inhibit the water from passing outwardly through said output, said shut off valve facilitating the water to pass therethrough when said shut off valve is in said open position wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the water to pass through said tube;
wherein said mixture valve is coupled to said top side of said top wall of said lid having said mixture valve being positioned adjacent to said outer wall of said tube, said mixture valve having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, said outlet portion being in fluid communication with an interior of said container, said input portion being exposed to ambient air, said mixture valve passing air into said container when said mixture valve is positioned in said mixing position, said mixture valve inhibiting the air from entering said container when said mixture valve is in said non-mixing position; and
a mixture pipe being fluid coupled to said lid, said mixture pipe extending upwardly into an interior of said tube and downwardly into said container when said lid is coupled to said container, said mixture having suction being induced therein by water passing across said mixture pipe, said mixture pipe being positioned between said mixture valve and said output of said tube wherein said mixture pipe is configured to pass the fluid fertilizer into said tube for spraying the mixture of fluid fertilizer and water, the water passing across said mixture pipe induces a suction to draw the liquid fertilizer upwardly through said mixture pipe, said mixing valve completing the circuit for air flow when said mixture valve is in the mixing position to facilitate the liquid fertilizer to rise through the mixture pipe and mix with the water. | 3,600 |
343,310 | 16,802,693 | 3,653 | Provided is an UFB generating apparatus and an UFB generating method capable of efficiently generating an UFB-containing liquid with high purity. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles in a liquid and a post-processing unit that performs predetermined post-processing on the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid generated by the generating unit. The generating unit generates the ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element. | 1. An ultrafine bubble generating method comprising:
a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element; and a post-processing step of performing predetermined post-processing on an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the post-processing step includes removal processing for removing an impurity from the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the removal processing includes first processing for removing an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 3, wherein
the inorganic ion to be removed by the first processing contains a metal forming the heating element. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 3, wherein
the inorganic ion removed by the first processing contains at least one selected from Si, AL, W, Pt, Pd, Ta, Fe, Cr, Ni, Ir, and Ru. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the removal processing includes second processing for removing an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 6, wherein
the organic substance to be removed by the second processing contains at least one selected from an organic compound containing silicon, siloxane, epoxy, and bacteria. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the removal processing includes third processing for removing an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the post-processing step includes increasing processing for increasing a concentration of the ultrafine bubbles contained in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 9, wherein
in the increasing processing, the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles is increased by generating ultrasound in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 9, wherein
in the increasing processing, the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles is increased by applying focused ultrasound to the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dissolving step of dissolving any one of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these into the liquid to be supplied in the generating step, wherein in the generating step, ultrafine bubbles containing in the inside thereof the gas that is dissolved in the dissolving step are generated. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the generating step is performed again after the post-processing step is performed. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1 further comprising:
a step of collecting the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid processed in the post-processing step. 15. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus comprising:
a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element; and a post-processing unit that performs predetermined post-processing on an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the post-processing unit includes a removal unit that removes an impurity from the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the removal unit includes a first unit that removes an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
the inorganic ion to be removed by the first unit contains a metal forming the heating element. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the inorganic ion removed by the first unit contains at least one selected from Si, AL, W, Pt, Pd, Ta, Fe, Cr, Ni, Ir, and Ru. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the removal unit includes a second unit that removes an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 21. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the organic substance to be removed by the second unit contains at least one selected from an organic compound containing silicon, siloxane, epoxy, and bacteria. 22. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the filtration filter has a mesh diameter of 1 μm or smaller. 23. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the removal unit includes a third unit that removes an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 24. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the post-processing unit includes an increasing processing unit that increases a concentration of the ultrafine bubbles contained in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 25. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 24, wherein
the increasing processing unit increases the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles by generating ultrasound in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 26. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 24, wherein
the increasing processing unit increases the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles by applying focused ultrasound to the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 27. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a dissolving unit that dissolves any one of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these into the liquid to be supplied to the generating unit, wherein the generating unit generates ultrafine bubbles containing in the inside thereof the gas that is dissolved by the dissolving unit. 28. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a circulation route through which the liquid processed by the post-processing unit is supplied to the generating unit. 29. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a unit that collects the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid processed by the post-processing unit. 30. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid that contains ultrafine bubbles generated by an ultrafine bubble generating method including:
a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element; and a post-processing step of performing predetermined post-processing on an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. | Provided is an UFB generating apparatus and an UFB generating method capable of efficiently generating an UFB-containing liquid with high purity. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles in a liquid and a post-processing unit that performs predetermined post-processing on the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid generated by the generating unit. The generating unit generates the ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element.1. An ultrafine bubble generating method comprising:
a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element; and a post-processing step of performing predetermined post-processing on an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. 2. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the post-processing step includes removal processing for removing an impurity from the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 3. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the removal processing includes first processing for removing an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 4. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 3, wherein
the inorganic ion to be removed by the first processing contains a metal forming the heating element. 5. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 3, wherein
the inorganic ion removed by the first processing contains at least one selected from Si, AL, W, Pt, Pd, Ta, Fe, Cr, Ni, Ir, and Ru. 6. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the removal processing includes second processing for removing an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 7. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 6, wherein
the organic substance to be removed by the second processing contains at least one selected from an organic compound containing silicon, siloxane, epoxy, and bacteria. 8. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 2, wherein
the removal processing includes third processing for removing an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 9. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the post-processing step includes increasing processing for increasing a concentration of the ultrafine bubbles contained in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 10. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 9, wherein
in the increasing processing, the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles is increased by generating ultrasound in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 11. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 9, wherein
in the increasing processing, the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles is increased by applying focused ultrasound to the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 12. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dissolving step of dissolving any one of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these into the liquid to be supplied in the generating step, wherein in the generating step, ultrafine bubbles containing in the inside thereof the gas that is dissolved in the dissolving step are generated. 13. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1, wherein
the generating step is performed again after the post-processing step is performed. 14. The ultrafine bubble generating method according to claim 1 further comprising:
a step of collecting the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid processed in the post-processing step. 15. An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus comprising:
a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element; and a post-processing unit that performs predetermined post-processing on an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated by the generating unit. 16. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the post-processing unit includes a removal unit that removes an impurity from the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 17. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the removal unit includes a first unit that removes an inorganic ion by using a cation exchange resin. 18. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 17, wherein
the inorganic ion to be removed by the first unit contains a metal forming the heating element. 19. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
the inorganic ion removed by the first unit contains at least one selected from Si, AL, W, Pt, Pd, Ta, Fe, Cr, Ni, Ir, and Ru. 20. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the removal unit includes a second unit that removes an organic substance by using a filtration filter. 21. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the organic substance to be removed by the second unit contains at least one selected from an organic compound containing silicon, siloxane, epoxy, and bacteria. 22. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 20, wherein
the filtration filter has a mesh diameter of 1 μm or smaller. 23. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the removal unit includes a third unit that removes an insoluble solid substance by using the precipitation characteristics of the insoluble solid substance. 24. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the post-processing unit includes an increasing processing unit that increases a concentration of the ultrafine bubbles contained in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 25. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 24, wherein
the increasing processing unit increases the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles by generating ultrasound in the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 26. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 24, wherein
the increasing processing unit increases the concentration of the contained ultrafine bubbles by applying focused ultrasound to the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid. 27. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a dissolving unit that dissolves any one of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, fluorine, neon, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, chlorine, ethane, propane, air, and a mixed gas containing these into the liquid to be supplied to the generating unit, wherein the generating unit generates ultrafine bubbles containing in the inside thereof the gas that is dissolved by the dissolving unit. 28. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a circulation route through which the liquid processed by the post-processing unit is supplied to the generating unit. 29. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising:
a unit that collects the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid processed by the post-processing unit. 30. An ultrafine bubble-containing liquid that contains ultrafine bubbles generated by an ultrafine bubble generating method including:
a generating step of generating ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element provided in a liquid to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element; and a post-processing step of performing predetermined post-processing on an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing the ultrafine bubbles generated in the generating step. | 3,600 |
343,311 | 16,802,700 | 3,653 | Therapeutic compositions deliver a therapeutic amount of methylphenidate in a delayed and extended release formulation. The dosage form exhibits a lag time prior to release of from 6 to 8 hours or longer, followed by a sustained release period. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
coated particles comprising:
a core comprising methylphenidate hydrochloride, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core, wherein the sustained release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer, wherein the delayed release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, talc, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, diglycerides and polysorbate 80; 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 13. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 14. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 15. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 16. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. 17. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
coated particles comprising:
a core comprising methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further comprise microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 20. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 21. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 22. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 23. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. 24. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
coated particles consisting of:
a core comprising methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further consist of microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 26. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 27. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 28. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides a pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 29. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 30. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. 31. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
methylphenidate hydrochloride; a sustained release layer; and a delayed release layer; wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 33. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 34. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule. 35. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 36. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 37. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. | Therapeutic compositions deliver a therapeutic amount of methylphenidate in a delayed and extended release formulation. The dosage form exhibits a lag time prior to release of from 6 to 8 hours or longer, followed by a sustained release period.1-9. (canceled) 10. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
coated particles comprising:
a core comprising methylphenidate hydrochloride, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core, wherein the sustained release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer, wherein the delayed release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, talc, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, diglycerides and polysorbate 80; 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 13. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 14. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 15. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 16. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. 17. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
coated particles comprising:
a core comprising methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further comprise microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 20. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 21. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 22. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 23. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. 24. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
coated particles consisting of:
a core comprising methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further consist of microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 26. The composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 27. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 28. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides a pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 29. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 30. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. 31. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
methylphenidate hydrochloride; a sustained release layer; and a delayed release layer; wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 32. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 33. The composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 34. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule. 35. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after administration in the evening. 36. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score when administered in the evening. 37. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 31, wherein the composition comprises 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride. | 3,600 |
343,312 | 16,802,720 | 3,653 | A system and method of controlling the operation of a transmission using fuel consumption data. The system and method includes controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission which is operatively connected to an engine having operating characteristics and operatively connected to a transmission control module having access to a memory. Fuel consumption data for an engine is converted to engine efficiency loss data representative of the engine operating. A set of equations is determined to provide a pattern representative of the operating characteristics the engine. A transmission controller using the pattern determines a prospective operating condition of the transmission to provide fuel efficient operation of the engine. | 1. A method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission including a transmission control module having access to a memory and operatively connected to an engine control module for an engine, the method comprising:
obtaining fuel consumption data for an engine, the fuel consumption data for the engine including fuel consumption values, engine speed, and engine torque, wherein the engine torque is based on the fuel consumption data and the engine speed; converting the fuel consumption data to engine efficiency loss values, wherein each of the engine efficiency loss values is a different value of engine efficiency loss based on engine torque and engine speed; scaling the torque values and the associated engine efficiency loss values for the engine; generating a set of polynomials to characterize the scaled torque values/engine efficiency loss values for the engine; generating a reduced set of polynomials based on the generated set of polynomials, wherein the generated reduced set of polynomials includes polynomial coefficient values; storing, in the memory, an engine operating range map based on the generated reduced set of polynomials for the engine, wherein the engine operating range map represents the fuel consumption data of the engine; and accessing the engine operating range map from the memory to control the operation of vehicle transmission. 2. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 1 wherein the generating a set of polynomials includes generating the set to include a first polynomial representing a lowest engine speed, wherein the lowest engine speed is based on the fuel consumption data, generating a last polynomial representing a highest engine speed, wherein the highest engine speed is based on the fuel consumption data, and generating one or more intermediate polynomials representing one or more intermediate engine speeds between the lowest engine speed and the highest engine speed. 3. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 2 wherein the generating a reduced set polynomials includes modifying a value of one or more of the polynomial coefficient values to provide a set of polynomials having adjusted polynomial coefficient values to minimize an error between the engine efficiency loss values and the set of polynomials. 4. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 3 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data includes determining a scaling factor representative of a maximum engine efficiency value based on the fuel consumption data and from the engine efficiency loss data. 5. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 4 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data for the engine to engine efficiency loss data representative of the engine operating characteristics includes determining a peak torque value from the engine efficiency loss values. 6. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 5 includes determining a minimum engine speed based on the received fuel consumption data for the engine. 7. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 5 includes determining a maximum engine speed based on the received fuel consumption data for the engine. 8. A transmission control module comprising:
a memory configured to store one or more engine maps, wherein each of the one or more stored engine maps represents operating characteristics of an engine and is based on a curve fitting of engine efficiency loss data and engine torque data; and a processor operatively connected to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute stored program instructions to:
select a stored engine map from the memory based on a transmitted engine control command received from an engine control module, wherein the stored engine map represents the engine efficiency loss data of an engine;
determine a change to an operating condition of a transmission based on the selected stored engine map; and
modify the operating condition of a transmission using the determined change based on the selected stored engine map to an updated operating condition of a transmission. 9. The transmission control module of claim 8 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
determine when an updated operating condition of a transmission is an unacceptable operating condition of one or more of a plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions including: i) when a shift of a transmission has just occurred and reapplying a clutch is considered to cause temperatures within the clutch sufficient to degrade the life of the clutch; ii) when a shift of a transmission would apply unacceptable levels of torsional loads on either an engine shaft or a drivetrain shaft; iii) when a shift of a transmission would force a speed of the engine to drop below an engine idle speed; iv) or when a shift of a transmission would force a speed of the engine to exceed an engine speed determined by an engine high speed governor; and
not modify the operating condition when the determined updated operating condition is unacceptable 10. The transmission control module of claim 9 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
select the stored engine map from a plurality of stored engine maps from the memory based on the transmitted engine control command. 11. The transmission control module of claim 10 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
determine when the updated operating condition is one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions, wherein the unacceptable transmission operating conditions prevent a shift of a transmission. 12. The transmission system of claim 11 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
compare the updated operating condition to the stored one or more of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions to determine when the updated operating condition is not one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions. 13. The transmission system of claim 12 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
not modify the current operating condition of the transmission to the updated operating condition when the updated operating condition is one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions; and
provide an alert indicating that the updated operating condition is one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions. 14. The transmission system of claim 13 wherein the transmission control module is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
modify the current operating condition of the transmission to the updated operating condition when the updated operating condition is not one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions. 15. A method comprising:
obtaining fuel consumption data for an engine, the fuel consumption data for the engine including fuel consumption values, engine speed, and engine torque, wherein the engine torque is based on the fuel consumption data and the engine speed; converting the fuel consumption data to engine efficiency loss values, wherein each of the engine efficiency loss values is a different value of engine efficiency loss based on engine torque and engine speed; scaling the torque values and the associated engine efficiency loss values for the engine; generating a set of equations for the engine to characterize the scaled torque values/engine efficiency loss values; generating a reduced set of equations based on the generated set of equations; and providing an engine operating range map for the reduced set of equations for the engine, wherein the engine operating range map represents the fuel consumption data of the engine for controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the generating a reduced set of equations includes generating a reduced set of equations with equation coefficient values. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the generating the set of equations includes modifying a value of one or more of the coefficient values to provide a set of equations having adjusted coefficient values to minimize an error between the engine efficiency loss values and the generated set of equations. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the generating a set of the set of equations includes generating the set to include a first equation representing a lowest engine speed, wherein the lowest engine speed is based on the received fuel consumption data, generating a last equation representing a highest engine speed, wherein the highest engine speed is based on the received fuel consumption data, and generating one or more intermediate equations representing one or more intermediate engine speeds between the lowest engine speed and the highest engine speed. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data for the engine to engine efficiency loss values includes determining a scaling factor representative of a maximum engine efficiency value based on the received fuel consumption data and from the engine efficiency loss data. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data for the engine to engine efficiency loss values includes determining a peak torque value from the engine efficiency loss data. | A system and method of controlling the operation of a transmission using fuel consumption data. The system and method includes controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission which is operatively connected to an engine having operating characteristics and operatively connected to a transmission control module having access to a memory. Fuel consumption data for an engine is converted to engine efficiency loss data representative of the engine operating. A set of equations is determined to provide a pattern representative of the operating characteristics the engine. A transmission controller using the pattern determines a prospective operating condition of the transmission to provide fuel efficient operation of the engine.1. A method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission including a transmission control module having access to a memory and operatively connected to an engine control module for an engine, the method comprising:
obtaining fuel consumption data for an engine, the fuel consumption data for the engine including fuel consumption values, engine speed, and engine torque, wherein the engine torque is based on the fuel consumption data and the engine speed; converting the fuel consumption data to engine efficiency loss values, wherein each of the engine efficiency loss values is a different value of engine efficiency loss based on engine torque and engine speed; scaling the torque values and the associated engine efficiency loss values for the engine; generating a set of polynomials to characterize the scaled torque values/engine efficiency loss values for the engine; generating a reduced set of polynomials based on the generated set of polynomials, wherein the generated reduced set of polynomials includes polynomial coefficient values; storing, in the memory, an engine operating range map based on the generated reduced set of polynomials for the engine, wherein the engine operating range map represents the fuel consumption data of the engine; and accessing the engine operating range map from the memory to control the operation of vehicle transmission. 2. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 1 wherein the generating a set of polynomials includes generating the set to include a first polynomial representing a lowest engine speed, wherein the lowest engine speed is based on the fuel consumption data, generating a last polynomial representing a highest engine speed, wherein the highest engine speed is based on the fuel consumption data, and generating one or more intermediate polynomials representing one or more intermediate engine speeds between the lowest engine speed and the highest engine speed. 3. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 2 wherein the generating a reduced set polynomials includes modifying a value of one or more of the polynomial coefficient values to provide a set of polynomials having adjusted polynomial coefficient values to minimize an error between the engine efficiency loss values and the set of polynomials. 4. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 3 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data includes determining a scaling factor representative of a maximum engine efficiency value based on the fuel consumption data and from the engine efficiency loss data. 5. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 4 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data for the engine to engine efficiency loss data representative of the engine operating characteristics includes determining a peak torque value from the engine efficiency loss values. 6. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 5 includes determining a minimum engine speed based on the received fuel consumption data for the engine. 7. The method of controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission of claim 5 includes determining a maximum engine speed based on the received fuel consumption data for the engine. 8. A transmission control module comprising:
a memory configured to store one or more engine maps, wherein each of the one or more stored engine maps represents operating characteristics of an engine and is based on a curve fitting of engine efficiency loss data and engine torque data; and a processor operatively connected to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute stored program instructions to:
select a stored engine map from the memory based on a transmitted engine control command received from an engine control module, wherein the stored engine map represents the engine efficiency loss data of an engine;
determine a change to an operating condition of a transmission based on the selected stored engine map; and
modify the operating condition of a transmission using the determined change based on the selected stored engine map to an updated operating condition of a transmission. 9. The transmission control module of claim 8 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
determine when an updated operating condition of a transmission is an unacceptable operating condition of one or more of a plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions including: i) when a shift of a transmission has just occurred and reapplying a clutch is considered to cause temperatures within the clutch sufficient to degrade the life of the clutch; ii) when a shift of a transmission would apply unacceptable levels of torsional loads on either an engine shaft or a drivetrain shaft; iii) when a shift of a transmission would force a speed of the engine to drop below an engine idle speed; iv) or when a shift of a transmission would force a speed of the engine to exceed an engine speed determined by an engine high speed governor; and
not modify the operating condition when the determined updated operating condition is unacceptable 10. The transmission control module of claim 9 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
select the stored engine map from a plurality of stored engine maps from the memory based on the transmitted engine control command. 11. The transmission control module of claim 10 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
determine when the updated operating condition is one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions, wherein the unacceptable transmission operating conditions prevent a shift of a transmission. 12. The transmission system of claim 11 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
compare the updated operating condition to the stored one or more of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions to determine when the updated operating condition is not one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions. 13. The transmission system of claim 12 wherein the processor is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
not modify the current operating condition of the transmission to the updated operating condition when the updated operating condition is one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions; and
provide an alert indicating that the updated operating condition is one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions. 14. The transmission system of claim 13 wherein the transmission control module is further configured to execute stored program instructions to:
modify the current operating condition of the transmission to the updated operating condition when the updated operating condition is not one of the plurality of unacceptable transmission operating conditions. 15. A method comprising:
obtaining fuel consumption data for an engine, the fuel consumption data for the engine including fuel consumption values, engine speed, and engine torque, wherein the engine torque is based on the fuel consumption data and the engine speed; converting the fuel consumption data to engine efficiency loss values, wherein each of the engine efficiency loss values is a different value of engine efficiency loss based on engine torque and engine speed; scaling the torque values and the associated engine efficiency loss values for the engine; generating a set of equations for the engine to characterize the scaled torque values/engine efficiency loss values; generating a reduced set of equations based on the generated set of equations; and providing an engine operating range map for the reduced set of equations for the engine, wherein the engine operating range map represents the fuel consumption data of the engine for controlling the operation of a vehicle transmission. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the generating a reduced set of equations includes generating a reduced set of equations with equation coefficient values. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the generating the set of equations includes modifying a value of one or more of the coefficient values to provide a set of equations having adjusted coefficient values to minimize an error between the engine efficiency loss values and the generated set of equations. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the generating a set of the set of equations includes generating the set to include a first equation representing a lowest engine speed, wherein the lowest engine speed is based on the received fuel consumption data, generating a last equation representing a highest engine speed, wherein the highest engine speed is based on the received fuel consumption data, and generating one or more intermediate equations representing one or more intermediate engine speeds between the lowest engine speed and the highest engine speed. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data for the engine to engine efficiency loss values includes determining a scaling factor representative of a maximum engine efficiency value based on the received fuel consumption data and from the engine efficiency loss data. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the converting the fuel consumption data for the engine to engine efficiency loss values includes determining a peak torque value from the engine efficiency loss data. | 3,600 |
343,313 | 16,802,715 | 3,653 | A journal bearing assembly for rotatably supporting at least one gear, comprising a pin and a journal shaft. The journal shaft includes an inner cavity receiving the pin and an outer surface including a plurality of contact surfaces supporting the at least one gear and at least one annular groove separating adjacent contact surfaces. The pin is configured to support the journal shaft at a support position in the inner cavity. | 1. A journal bearing assembly for rotatably supporting at least one gear, comprising:
a pin; and a journal shaft including an inner cavity receiving the pin and an outer surface including a plurality of contact surfaces supporting the at least one gear and at least one annular groove separating adjacent contact surfaces; wherein the pin is configured to support the journal shaft at a support position in the inner cavity. 2. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one annular groove is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 3. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the support position is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 4. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a rectangular cross-section. 5. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a curved cross-section. 6. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, further comprising a compliance gap at each distal end of the journal shaft. 7. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein each compliance gap includes a removed section of the journal shaft. 8. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein each compliance gap includes one of a tapered or curved shape. 9. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein each compliance gap is formed by a bump in the pin. 10. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a gearbox having a plurality of gears; and a journal bearing assembly including a supporting pin and a journal shaft including an inner cavity receiving the supporting pin and an outer surface including a plurality of contact surfaces rotatably supporting at least one of the plurality of gears and at least one annular groove separating adjacent contact surfaces. 11. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the gearbox is a compound planetary gearbox including a sun shaft, a sun gear, a plurality of planet gears, a gear carrier and a ring gear. 12. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 11, wherein at least two planet gears are supported by the journal shaft and interconnected for concurrent rotation. 13. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein three planet gears are supported by the journal shaft and interconnected for concurrent rotation, a larger of the three planet gears is centrally mounted on the journal shaft between the two smaller planet gears. 14. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, further comprising a sleeve disposed radially outwardly to the journal shaft, the sleeve forming an outer peripheral surface between the journal shaft and the at least one supported gear. 15. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the at least one annular groove is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 16. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the support position is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 17. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a rectangular cross-section. 18. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a curved cross-section. 19. A method for rotatably supporting at least one gear in a gearbox, comprising:
mounting the at least one gear onto a journal bearing assembly including a journal shaft and a pin insertable into an inner cavity of the journal shaft; and positioning at least two contact surfaces on an outside surface of the journal shaft to rotatably support the at least one gear, the at least two contact surfaces separated by an annular groove. 20. The method as defined by claim 20, further comprising fitting an annular sleeve between the journal shaft and the at least one gear to be supported. | A journal bearing assembly for rotatably supporting at least one gear, comprising a pin and a journal shaft. The journal shaft includes an inner cavity receiving the pin and an outer surface including a plurality of contact surfaces supporting the at least one gear and at least one annular groove separating adjacent contact surfaces. The pin is configured to support the journal shaft at a support position in the inner cavity.1. A journal bearing assembly for rotatably supporting at least one gear, comprising:
a pin; and a journal shaft including an inner cavity receiving the pin and an outer surface including a plurality of contact surfaces supporting the at least one gear and at least one annular groove separating adjacent contact surfaces; wherein the pin is configured to support the journal shaft at a support position in the inner cavity. 2. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one annular groove is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 3. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the support position is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 4. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a rectangular cross-section. 5. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a curved cross-section. 6. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 1, further comprising a compliance gap at each distal end of the journal shaft. 7. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein each compliance gap includes a removed section of the journal shaft. 8. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein each compliance gap includes one of a tapered or curved shape. 9. The journal bearing assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein each compliance gap is formed by a bump in the pin. 10. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a gearbox having a plurality of gears; and a journal bearing assembly including a supporting pin and a journal shaft including an inner cavity receiving the supporting pin and an outer surface including a plurality of contact surfaces rotatably supporting at least one of the plurality of gears and at least one annular groove separating adjacent contact surfaces. 11. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the gearbox is a compound planetary gearbox including a sun shaft, a sun gear, a plurality of planet gears, a gear carrier and a ring gear. 12. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 11, wherein at least two planet gears are supported by the journal shaft and interconnected for concurrent rotation. 13. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein three planet gears are supported by the journal shaft and interconnected for concurrent rotation, a larger of the three planet gears is centrally mounted on the journal shaft between the two smaller planet gears. 14. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, further comprising a sleeve disposed radially outwardly to the journal shaft, the sleeve forming an outer peripheral surface between the journal shaft and the at least one supported gear. 15. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the at least one annular groove is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 16. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the support position is positioned at the longitudinal center of the journal shaft. 17. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a rectangular cross-section. 18. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the at least one annular groove includes a curved cross-section. 19. A method for rotatably supporting at least one gear in a gearbox, comprising:
mounting the at least one gear onto a journal bearing assembly including a journal shaft and a pin insertable into an inner cavity of the journal shaft; and positioning at least two contact surfaces on an outside surface of the journal shaft to rotatably support the at least one gear, the at least two contact surfaces separated by an annular groove. 20. The method as defined by claim 20, further comprising fitting an annular sleeve between the journal shaft and the at least one gear to be supported. | 3,600 |
343,314 | 16,802,723 | 3,653 | A handling device according to an embodiment has an arm, a holder, a storage, and a controller. The arm includes at least one joint. The holder is attached to the arm and is configured to hold an object. The storage stores a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder. The detector is configured to detect information about the object. The controller is configured to generate holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to search the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position. The function map associates a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present. The manipulability is a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder. | 1. A handling device comprising:
an arm including at least one joint; a holder attached to the arm and configured to hold an object; a storage storing a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder; a detector configured to detect information about the object; and a controller configured to generate holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to search the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position, wherein the function map associates a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present, and the manipulability is a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder. 2. The handling device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage stores, for at least one of the information about positions and the information about postures, the function map in which the positions in the environment are at equal intervals or the function map in which the positions are at unequal intervals. 3. The handling device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage stores at least one of a function map of the information about positions, a function map of the information about postures, a function map obtained by integrating the function map of the information about positions and the functional map of the information about postures, a function map which maximizes accessible regions of the holder, a function map which maximizes possible postures of the holder, and a function map which maximizes ease of release of the object after the object is held. 4. The handling device according to claim 1,
wherein the storage stores a function map of the information about postures in which the postures are limited, and the controller is configured to define characteristic curvature shapes among surface shapes of the object as a surface shape primitive, to analyze a surface shape of the object on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to estimate a position that is the surface shape primitive on the surface of the object on the basis of the analysis results, to search the function map of the information about postures in which the postures are limited for a position in the environment in which the object is present, the position being associate with the estimated position, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position. 5. The handling device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to select at least one function map from the plurality of function maps stored in the storage on the basis of a type of the holder. 6. The handling device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to simulate a state of the handling device using a model, to generate an image of an accessible region of the holder on the basis of the simulated results, and to output the generated image to a display device. 7. A control device in a handling device comprising an arm including at least one joint, a holder attached to the arm and configured to hold an object, and a detector configured to detect information about the object, comprising:
a storage storing a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder; and a controller configured to generate holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to search the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position, wherein the function map associates a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present, and the manipulability is a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder. 8. A holding method using a control device in a handling device comprising an arm including at least one joint, a holder which attached to the arm and configured to hold an object, a detector configured to detect information about the object, and a storage storing a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder, the function map associating a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present, the manipulability being a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder, the holding method comprising:
generating holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector; searching the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points; and determining a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position. | A handling device according to an embodiment has an arm, a holder, a storage, and a controller. The arm includes at least one joint. The holder is attached to the arm and is configured to hold an object. The storage stores a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder. The detector is configured to detect information about the object. The controller is configured to generate holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to search the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position. The function map associates a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present. The manipulability is a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder.1. A handling device comprising:
an arm including at least one joint; a holder attached to the arm and configured to hold an object; a storage storing a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder; a detector configured to detect information about the object; and a controller configured to generate holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to search the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position, wherein the function map associates a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present, and the manipulability is a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder. 2. The handling device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage stores, for at least one of the information about positions and the information about postures, the function map in which the positions in the environment are at equal intervals or the function map in which the positions are at unequal intervals. 3. The handling device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage stores at least one of a function map of the information about positions, a function map of the information about postures, a function map obtained by integrating the function map of the information about positions and the functional map of the information about postures, a function map which maximizes accessible regions of the holder, a function map which maximizes possible postures of the holder, and a function map which maximizes ease of release of the object after the object is held. 4. The handling device according to claim 1,
wherein the storage stores a function map of the information about postures in which the postures are limited, and the controller is configured to define characteristic curvature shapes among surface shapes of the object as a surface shape primitive, to analyze a surface shape of the object on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to estimate a position that is the surface shape primitive on the surface of the object on the basis of the analysis results, to search the function map of the information about postures in which the postures are limited for a position in the environment in which the object is present, the position being associate with the estimated position, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position. 5. The handling device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to select at least one function map from the plurality of function maps stored in the storage on the basis of a type of the holder. 6. The handling device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to simulate a state of the handling device using a model, to generate an image of an accessible region of the holder on the basis of the simulated results, and to output the generated image to a display device. 7. A control device in a handling device comprising an arm including at least one joint, a holder attached to the arm and configured to hold an object, and a detector configured to detect information about the object, comprising:
a storage storing a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder; and a controller configured to generate holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector, to search the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points, and to determine a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position, wherein the function map associates a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present, and the manipulability is a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder. 8. A holding method using a control device in a handling device comprising an arm including at least one joint, a holder which attached to the arm and configured to hold an object, a detector configured to detect information about the object, and a storage storing a function map including at least one of information about holdable positions of the holder and information about possible postures of the holder, the function map associating a manipulability with each position in the environment in which the object is present, the manipulability being a parameter calculated from at least one joint angle of the holder, the holding method comprising:
generating holdable candidate points on the basis of the information detected by the detector; searching the function map for a position in an environment in which the object is present, the position being associated with the generated holdable candidate points; and determining a holding posture of the holder on the basis of the searched position. | 3,600 |
343,315 | 16,802,713 | 3,653 | A fastener caddy for use with a bone plate. The fastener caddy includes preloaded fasteners that are positioned above the fastener apertures in the bone plate once the caddy is coupled to the bone plate. The caddy permits the driving of fasteners with the fastener already in proper alignment and without the need to retrieve each individual fastener. Once the fasteners are installed into the bone plate, the caddy is removed using an insertion tool. | 1. A surgical plate and caddy assembly, comprising:
a bone plate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of fastener apertures; a caddy coupled to said bone plate, said caddy having a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least two side surface, at least one removal aperture, and a plurality of fastener apertures that are aligned with said plurality of fastener apertures in said bone plate;
wherein the caddy includes a clip portion having a tab that contacts said bone plate in order to couple the caddy to the bone plate;
wherein the clip portion deflects to remove said tab from contact with said bone plate in order to remove the caddy from the bone plate; and
wherein the at least one removal aperture provides an access to deflect the clip portion from contact with the bone plate; and
a plurality of fasteners inserted into and held in said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy by a flexible interface that deflects when the fasteners are advanced through the caddy fastener apertures into the aligned fastener apertures of the bone plate. 2. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the caddy includes a further clip portion having a tab that contacts said bone plate in order to couple the caddy to the bone plate and that deflects to remove the caddy from the bone plate, wherein the at least one removal aperture provides access to both clip portions to deflect both clip portions from contact with the bone plate. 3. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each fastener includes a head, and wherein each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes a rim, and wherein each rim engages a surface on the head of a fastener held in the fastener aperture. 4. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes a sidewall, and wherein each sidewall includes at least one slot. 5. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 4, further comprising a flexible finger portion in a slot of a fastener aperture. 6. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 5, wherein said flexible finger portion includes a surface that tapers from the top surface of the flexible finger portion toward the center of said fastener aperture in said caddy, and a groove located on the surface of the flexible finger that is oriented toward the center of said fastener aperture. 7. A method of installing fasteners into a bone plate, comprising:
providing a caddy to have a top surface, a bottom surface, at least one deflectable clip portion having a tab, at least one removal aperture providing an access to the clip portion, and a plurality of fastener apertures; inserting fasteners into said fastener apertures in said caddy, wherein the fasteners are held in the caddy fastener apertures by a flexible interface that deflects when the fastener apertures are advanced through the caddy fastener apertures; using the at least one deflectable clip portion to removably couple said caddy to a bone plate comprising a plurality of fastener apertures such that the fastener apertures of said caddy are aligned with said fastener apertures in said bone plate; while the caddy is coupled to the bone plate, advancing said fasteners through the caddy fastener apertures and the bone plate fastener apertures to secure said bone plate to a bone; and using the at least one removal aperture to access and deflect the clip portion to remove said caddy from said bone plate. 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes at least one deflectable finger located in a slot in a side wall of said fastener aperture. 11. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 10, wherein said vertically extending fingers deflect as said fasteners are advanced toward said bone plate. 12. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein multiple caddies are coupled to a single bone plate. 13. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes at least one surface to stop the advancement of a fastener to prevent the fastener from being over-fastened into said bone plate. 14. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein an insertion tool is inserted through the at least one insertion aperture to deflect the at least one clip portion. 15. A surgical fastener caddy guide that is used with a bone plate, comprising:
a caddy body having a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least two side surfaces; at least one fastener aperture having a side wall including a slot; wherein said caddy body includes a first, deflectable clip member with a tab that engages the bone plate to couple the caddy guide to the bone plate and that deflects to remove the caddy guide from the bone plate; at least one clip member aperture in said caddy body providing an access to deflect the first clip member; and a preloaded fastener held in the at least one fastener aperture; and wherein said at least one fastener aperture includes at least one deflectable finger that is located in the slot of the side wall, said deflectable finger providing a flexible interface that holds the preloaded fastener in the at least one fastener aperture and that deflects to allow the preloaded fastener to advance through the at least one fastener aperture. 16. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, wherein said caddy comprises a polymeric material. 17. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, including:
a second deflectable clip member on the caddy guide, said second deflectable clip member having a tab on the lower surface of the second clip member that engages the bone plate to couple the caddy guide to the bone plate and that deflects to remove the caddy guide from the bone plate; and wherein the at least one clip member aperture provides an access to the second deflectable clip member. 18. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, wherein said fastener aperture includes at least one internal surface for stopping the advancement of a fastener through said fastener aperture. 19. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, wherein said clip member aperture extends through said caddy body and is positioned above said tab of said first clip member. 20. The surgical caddy fastener guide of claim 16, wherein said polymeric material is an elastomeric polymer material. 21. A surgical bone plate and preloaded fastener caddy combination, comprising:
a) a surgical bone plate comprising one or a multiple of bone plate fastener apertures; b) a fastener caddy that is configured to be removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, wherein the fastener caddy comprises at least one caddy fastener aperture that is alignable with a bone plate fastener aperture when the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, and wherein the alignable caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) a preloaded fastener that is held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface. 22. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise at least one flexible finger. 23. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise at least one vertically extending, flexible finger. 24. The combination of claim 23, wherein the alignable caddy fastener aperture comprises a slot in a side, and wherein a flexible finger is positioned in the slot. 25. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise a side of the alignable caddy fastener aperture. 26. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise a flexible material. 27. The combination of claim 21, wherein the surgical bone plate comprises a middle portion and first and second, spaced apart segments coupled to the middle portion, wherein each segment includes a surgical bone plate fastener aperture. 28. The combination of claim 27, wherein the middle portion of the surgical bone plate has a reduced thickness. 29. The combination of claim 27, wherein the middle portion of the surgical bone plate has an indented surface, and wherein the fastener caddy is configured to couple to the indented surface. 30. The combination of claim 21, wherein the combination includes a multiple of the fastener caddies, wherein each fastener caddy includes at least one preloaded fastener and wherein the surgical bone plate and the multiple of fastener caddies are configured so that the multiple of fastener caddies can be removably coupled to the surgical bone plate. 31. The combination of claim 21, wherein the fastener caddy comprises a flexible tab that engages the surgical bone plate and that deflects to disengage from the surgical bone plate. 32. The combination of claim 21, wherein the fastener caddy includes a plurality of said fastener apertures, and wherein a plurality of pre-loaded fasteners are held in the plurality of caddy fastener apertures. 33. The combination of claim 21, wherein the caddy aperture extends through the fastener caddy from a top caddy surface to a bottom caddy surface. 34. The combination of claim 21, wherein the caddy fastener aperture is unthreaded 35. The combination of claim 21, wherein the preloaded fastener comprises a head and a threaded shank, and wherein the flexible interface engages the fastener head. 36. The combination of claim 35, wherein the fastener head is tapered and threaded. 37. The combination of claim 36, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise a side of the caddy fastener aperture, and wherein the tapered, threaded head of the preloaded fastener deflects the side as the fastener is advanced through the alignable caddy fastener aperture. 38. A surgical bone plate and caddy assembly, comprising:
a) a surgical bone plate comprising a plurality of bone plate fastener apertures; b) a fastener caddy that is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, wherein the fastener caddy comprises at least one fastener aperture that is aligned with a bone plate fastener aperture, and wherein the aligned caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) a preloaded fastener that is held in the aligned caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface while the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate. 39. A method of installing a fastener into a surgical bone plate, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a fastener caddy comprising at least one caddy fastener aperture, wherein the caddy fastener aperture comprises one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; b) providing a preloaded fastener held in the caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface; c) providing an assembly in which the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate while holding the preloaded fastener, wherein the surgical bone plate comprises a bone plate fastener aperture that is aligned with the caddy fastener aperture holding the preloaded fastener; and d) advancing the preloaded fastener through the fastener caddy aperture and into the aligned bone plate aperture, wherein the flexible interface deflects to permit the preloaded fastener to be advanced through the caddy fastener aperture and into the aligned bone plate fastener aperture. 40. A surgical bone plate and preloaded fastener caddy combination, comprising:
a) a plurality of different surgical bone plates, wherein each of the different surgical bone plates has a plurality of fastener apertures, and wherein the different surgical bone plates have a common hole pattern; b) a preloaded fastener caddy that is configured to be removably coupled to each of the surgical bone plates, wherein the fastener caddy comprises a plurality of caddy fastener apertures having a hole pattern that is the same as the common hole pattern of the different surgical bone plate fastener apertures such that the caddy fastener apertures align with the fastener apertures of each of the different surgical bone plates when the fastener caddy is removably coupled to each of the different surgical bone plates, and wherein each caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) at least one preloaded fastener that is held in a caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface. 41. A method of making a surgical bone plate and fastener caddy combination, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a surgical bone plate comprising one or a multiple of bone plate fastener apertures; b) providing a fastener caddy that is configured to be removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, wherein the fastener caddy comprises at least one caddy fastener aperture that is alignable with a bone plate fastener aperture when the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, and wherein the alignable caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) causing a fastener to be held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface. | A fastener caddy for use with a bone plate. The fastener caddy includes preloaded fasteners that are positioned above the fastener apertures in the bone plate once the caddy is coupled to the bone plate. The caddy permits the driving of fasteners with the fastener already in proper alignment and without the need to retrieve each individual fastener. Once the fasteners are installed into the bone plate, the caddy is removed using an insertion tool.1. A surgical plate and caddy assembly, comprising:
a bone plate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of fastener apertures; a caddy coupled to said bone plate, said caddy having a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least two side surface, at least one removal aperture, and a plurality of fastener apertures that are aligned with said plurality of fastener apertures in said bone plate;
wherein the caddy includes a clip portion having a tab that contacts said bone plate in order to couple the caddy to the bone plate;
wherein the clip portion deflects to remove said tab from contact with said bone plate in order to remove the caddy from the bone plate; and
wherein the at least one removal aperture provides an access to deflect the clip portion from contact with the bone plate; and
a plurality of fasteners inserted into and held in said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy by a flexible interface that deflects when the fasteners are advanced through the caddy fastener apertures into the aligned fastener apertures of the bone plate. 2. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the caddy includes a further clip portion having a tab that contacts said bone plate in order to couple the caddy to the bone plate and that deflects to remove the caddy from the bone plate, wherein the at least one removal aperture provides access to both clip portions to deflect both clip portions from contact with the bone plate. 3. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each fastener includes a head, and wherein each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes a rim, and wherein each rim engages a surface on the head of a fastener held in the fastener aperture. 4. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes a sidewall, and wherein each sidewall includes at least one slot. 5. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 4, further comprising a flexible finger portion in a slot of a fastener aperture. 6. The surgical plate and caddy assembly of claim 5, wherein said flexible finger portion includes a surface that tapers from the top surface of the flexible finger portion toward the center of said fastener aperture in said caddy, and a groove located on the surface of the flexible finger that is oriented toward the center of said fastener aperture. 7. A method of installing fasteners into a bone plate, comprising:
providing a caddy to have a top surface, a bottom surface, at least one deflectable clip portion having a tab, at least one removal aperture providing an access to the clip portion, and a plurality of fastener apertures; inserting fasteners into said fastener apertures in said caddy, wherein the fasteners are held in the caddy fastener apertures by a flexible interface that deflects when the fastener apertures are advanced through the caddy fastener apertures; using the at least one deflectable clip portion to removably couple said caddy to a bone plate comprising a plurality of fastener apertures such that the fastener apertures of said caddy are aligned with said fastener apertures in said bone plate; while the caddy is coupled to the bone plate, advancing said fasteners through the caddy fastener apertures and the bone plate fastener apertures to secure said bone plate to a bone; and using the at least one removal aperture to access and deflect the clip portion to remove said caddy from said bone plate. 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes at least one deflectable finger located in a slot in a side wall of said fastener aperture. 11. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 10, wherein said vertically extending fingers deflect as said fasteners are advanced toward said bone plate. 12. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein multiple caddies are coupled to a single bone plate. 13. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein each of said plurality of fastener apertures in said caddy includes at least one surface to stop the advancement of a fastener to prevent the fastener from being over-fastened into said bone plate. 14. The method of installing fasteners into a bone plate of claim 7, wherein an insertion tool is inserted through the at least one insertion aperture to deflect the at least one clip portion. 15. A surgical fastener caddy guide that is used with a bone plate, comprising:
a caddy body having a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least two side surfaces; at least one fastener aperture having a side wall including a slot; wherein said caddy body includes a first, deflectable clip member with a tab that engages the bone plate to couple the caddy guide to the bone plate and that deflects to remove the caddy guide from the bone plate; at least one clip member aperture in said caddy body providing an access to deflect the first clip member; and a preloaded fastener held in the at least one fastener aperture; and wherein said at least one fastener aperture includes at least one deflectable finger that is located in the slot of the side wall, said deflectable finger providing a flexible interface that holds the preloaded fastener in the at least one fastener aperture and that deflects to allow the preloaded fastener to advance through the at least one fastener aperture. 16. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, wherein said caddy comprises a polymeric material. 17. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, including:
a second deflectable clip member on the caddy guide, said second deflectable clip member having a tab on the lower surface of the second clip member that engages the bone plate to couple the caddy guide to the bone plate and that deflects to remove the caddy guide from the bone plate; and wherein the at least one clip member aperture provides an access to the second deflectable clip member. 18. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, wherein said fastener aperture includes at least one internal surface for stopping the advancement of a fastener through said fastener aperture. 19. The surgical fastener caddy guide of claim 15, wherein said clip member aperture extends through said caddy body and is positioned above said tab of said first clip member. 20. The surgical caddy fastener guide of claim 16, wherein said polymeric material is an elastomeric polymer material. 21. A surgical bone plate and preloaded fastener caddy combination, comprising:
a) a surgical bone plate comprising one or a multiple of bone plate fastener apertures; b) a fastener caddy that is configured to be removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, wherein the fastener caddy comprises at least one caddy fastener aperture that is alignable with a bone plate fastener aperture when the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, and wherein the alignable caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) a preloaded fastener that is held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface. 22. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise at least one flexible finger. 23. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise at least one vertically extending, flexible finger. 24. The combination of claim 23, wherein the alignable caddy fastener aperture comprises a slot in a side, and wherein a flexible finger is positioned in the slot. 25. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise a side of the alignable caddy fastener aperture. 26. The combination of claim 21, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise a flexible material. 27. The combination of claim 21, wherein the surgical bone plate comprises a middle portion and first and second, spaced apart segments coupled to the middle portion, wherein each segment includes a surgical bone plate fastener aperture. 28. The combination of claim 27, wherein the middle portion of the surgical bone plate has a reduced thickness. 29. The combination of claim 27, wherein the middle portion of the surgical bone plate has an indented surface, and wherein the fastener caddy is configured to couple to the indented surface. 30. The combination of claim 21, wherein the combination includes a multiple of the fastener caddies, wherein each fastener caddy includes at least one preloaded fastener and wherein the surgical bone plate and the multiple of fastener caddies are configured so that the multiple of fastener caddies can be removably coupled to the surgical bone plate. 31. The combination of claim 21, wherein the fastener caddy comprises a flexible tab that engages the surgical bone plate and that deflects to disengage from the surgical bone plate. 32. The combination of claim 21, wherein the fastener caddy includes a plurality of said fastener apertures, and wherein a plurality of pre-loaded fasteners are held in the plurality of caddy fastener apertures. 33. The combination of claim 21, wherein the caddy aperture extends through the fastener caddy from a top caddy surface to a bottom caddy surface. 34. The combination of claim 21, wherein the caddy fastener aperture is unthreaded 35. The combination of claim 21, wherein the preloaded fastener comprises a head and a threaded shank, and wherein the flexible interface engages the fastener head. 36. The combination of claim 35, wherein the fastener head is tapered and threaded. 37. The combination of claim 36, wherein the one or more flexible engagement elements comprise a side of the caddy fastener aperture, and wherein the tapered, threaded head of the preloaded fastener deflects the side as the fastener is advanced through the alignable caddy fastener aperture. 38. A surgical bone plate and caddy assembly, comprising:
a) a surgical bone plate comprising a plurality of bone plate fastener apertures; b) a fastener caddy that is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, wherein the fastener caddy comprises at least one fastener aperture that is aligned with a bone plate fastener aperture, and wherein the aligned caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) a preloaded fastener that is held in the aligned caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface while the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate. 39. A method of installing a fastener into a surgical bone plate, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a fastener caddy comprising at least one caddy fastener aperture, wherein the caddy fastener aperture comprises one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; b) providing a preloaded fastener held in the caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface; c) providing an assembly in which the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate while holding the preloaded fastener, wherein the surgical bone plate comprises a bone plate fastener aperture that is aligned with the caddy fastener aperture holding the preloaded fastener; and d) advancing the preloaded fastener through the fastener caddy aperture and into the aligned bone plate aperture, wherein the flexible interface deflects to permit the preloaded fastener to be advanced through the caddy fastener aperture and into the aligned bone plate fastener aperture. 40. A surgical bone plate and preloaded fastener caddy combination, comprising:
a) a plurality of different surgical bone plates, wherein each of the different surgical bone plates has a plurality of fastener apertures, and wherein the different surgical bone plates have a common hole pattern; b) a preloaded fastener caddy that is configured to be removably coupled to each of the surgical bone plates, wherein the fastener caddy comprises a plurality of caddy fastener apertures having a hole pattern that is the same as the common hole pattern of the different surgical bone plate fastener apertures such that the caddy fastener apertures align with the fastener apertures of each of the different surgical bone plates when the fastener caddy is removably coupled to each of the different surgical bone plates, and wherein each caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) at least one preloaded fastener that is held in a caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface. 41. A method of making a surgical bone plate and fastener caddy combination, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a surgical bone plate comprising one or a multiple of bone plate fastener apertures; b) providing a fastener caddy that is configured to be removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, wherein the fastener caddy comprises at least one caddy fastener aperture that is alignable with a bone plate fastener aperture when the fastener caddy is removably coupled to the surgical bone plate, and wherein the alignable caddy fastener aperture includes one or more flexible engagement elements that are configured to provide a flexible interface that holds a fastener in the alignable caddy fastener aperture and that deflects as the fastener held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture is advanced through the caddy fastener aperture; and c) causing a fastener to be held in the alignable caddy fastener aperture by the flexible interface. | 3,600 |
343,316 | 16,802,711 | 3,653 | A method for positioning an intravascular catheter may include inserting the intravascular catheter into a venous system of a patient, wherein the catheter includes a plurality of electrodes, and multiple electrodes of the plurality of electrodes are configured to emit electrical signals; positioning a distal portion of the catheter in a first position; using one or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes to acquire an ECG signal; based on the acquired ECG signal, adjusting the distal portion of the catheter to a second position different from the first position; identifying at least one first electrode of the plurality of electrodes to stimulate a first nerve; identifying at least one second electrode of the plurality of electrodes to stimulate a second nerve; and stimulating at least one of the first and second nerves to cause a contraction of a respiratory muscle. | 1.-30. (canceled) 31. A method of electrical stimulation, the method comprising:
measuring an impedance of a portion of an anatomy proximate a blood vessel; determining a stimulation signal based on the measured impedance; delivering the stimulation signal to a nerve proximate the blood vessel. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the stimulation signal is an electrical stimulation signal. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the electrical stimulation signal is delivered via an electrode positioned in the blood vessel. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the portion of the anatomy includes a space between a first lung tissue and a second lung tissue. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the nerve is a phrenic nerve. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein the stimulation signal is a second electrical stimulation signal and the method further comprises, prior to measuring the impedance of the portion of the anatomy, delivering a first electrical stimulation signal to the nerve. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein:
the first electrical stimulation signal includes a first pulse amplitude, a first pulse width, a first pulse frequency, a first stimulation duration, and a first interval between stimulations; the second electrical stimulation signal includes a second pulse amplitude, a second pulse width, a second pulse frequency, a second stimulation duration, and a second interval between stimulations; and the first pulse amplitude is different than the second pulse amplitude, the first pulse width is different than the second pulse width, the first pulse frequency is different than the second pulse frequency, the first stimulation duration is different than the second stimulation duration; and/or the first interval between stimulations is different than the second interval between stimulations. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein, delivering the first electrical stimulation signal to the nerve results in a lung lobe having a first volume; and
delivering the second electrical stimulation signal to the nerve results in the lung lobe having a second volume, where the second volume is greater than the first volume. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the measured impedance is a first impedance, and the method further comprises, after delivering the stimulation signal:
measuring a second impedance of the portion of the anatomy, wherein the first impedance is different than the second impedance. 40. A method of electrical stimulation, the method comprising:
measuring an impedance of tissue; based on the impedance measurement, determining a breath characteristic, based on the breath characteristic, determining one or more parameters of a stimulation signal; and delivering the stimulation signal to a nerve. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the tissue is located in a thorax. 42. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
positioning an electrode in a blood vessel, wherein delivering the stimulation signal includes delivering an electrical stimulation signal via the electrode. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the breath characteristic includes an airway volume and/or an airway pressure. 44. The method of claim 40, wherein the impedance is a first impedance, the breath characteristic is a first breath characteristic, and the method further comprises:
measuring a second impedance of tissue; and based on the second impedance, determining a second breath characteristic; wherein the first breath characteristic is a volume of a first portion of a lung, and the second breath characteristic is a volume of a second portion of the lung. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the first breath characteristic is a first volume of the first potion of the lung, the second breath characteristic is a first volume of the second portion of the lung, and the method further comprises, after delivering the stimulation signal to a nerve:
measuring a third impedance of tissue; based on the third impedance, calculating a second volume of the first portion of the lung; measuring a fourth impedance of tissue; and based on the fourth impedance, calculating a second volume of the second portion of the lung; wherein the first volume of the first portion of the lung is different than the second volume of the first portion of the lung; and the first volume of the second portion of the lung is different than the second volume of the second portion of the lung. 46. A method of electrical stimulation, the method comprising:
delivering a first electrical stimulation signal comprising a first pulse width to a nerve; measuring a first impedance of lung tissue; calculating a first lung volume based on the first impedance; based on the first lung volume, calculating a second electrical stimulation signal comprising a second pulse width, wherein the second pulse width is greater than the first pulse width; and delivering the second electrical stimulation signal to the nerve. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising:
measuring a second impedance of lung tissue; and calculating a second lung volume based on the second impedance, wherein the second lung volume is greater than the first lung volume. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the lung volume is a volume of a lower lung lobe. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein the lung tissue is lung tissue of a patient, and the patient is receiving breathing assistance from a mechanical ventilator. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the first impedance measurement and the second impedance measurement are both taken during an inspiration. | A method for positioning an intravascular catheter may include inserting the intravascular catheter into a venous system of a patient, wherein the catheter includes a plurality of electrodes, and multiple electrodes of the plurality of electrodes are configured to emit electrical signals; positioning a distal portion of the catheter in a first position; using one or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes to acquire an ECG signal; based on the acquired ECG signal, adjusting the distal portion of the catheter to a second position different from the first position; identifying at least one first electrode of the plurality of electrodes to stimulate a first nerve; identifying at least one second electrode of the plurality of electrodes to stimulate a second nerve; and stimulating at least one of the first and second nerves to cause a contraction of a respiratory muscle.1.-30. (canceled) 31. A method of electrical stimulation, the method comprising:
measuring an impedance of a portion of an anatomy proximate a blood vessel; determining a stimulation signal based on the measured impedance; delivering the stimulation signal to a nerve proximate the blood vessel. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the stimulation signal is an electrical stimulation signal. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the electrical stimulation signal is delivered via an electrode positioned in the blood vessel. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the portion of the anatomy includes a space between a first lung tissue and a second lung tissue. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the nerve is a phrenic nerve. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein the stimulation signal is a second electrical stimulation signal and the method further comprises, prior to measuring the impedance of the portion of the anatomy, delivering a first electrical stimulation signal to the nerve. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein:
the first electrical stimulation signal includes a first pulse amplitude, a first pulse width, a first pulse frequency, a first stimulation duration, and a first interval between stimulations; the second electrical stimulation signal includes a second pulse amplitude, a second pulse width, a second pulse frequency, a second stimulation duration, and a second interval between stimulations; and the first pulse amplitude is different than the second pulse amplitude, the first pulse width is different than the second pulse width, the first pulse frequency is different than the second pulse frequency, the first stimulation duration is different than the second stimulation duration; and/or the first interval between stimulations is different than the second interval between stimulations. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein, delivering the first electrical stimulation signal to the nerve results in a lung lobe having a first volume; and
delivering the second electrical stimulation signal to the nerve results in the lung lobe having a second volume, where the second volume is greater than the first volume. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the measured impedance is a first impedance, and the method further comprises, after delivering the stimulation signal:
measuring a second impedance of the portion of the anatomy, wherein the first impedance is different than the second impedance. 40. A method of electrical stimulation, the method comprising:
measuring an impedance of tissue; based on the impedance measurement, determining a breath characteristic, based on the breath characteristic, determining one or more parameters of a stimulation signal; and delivering the stimulation signal to a nerve. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the tissue is located in a thorax. 42. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
positioning an electrode in a blood vessel, wherein delivering the stimulation signal includes delivering an electrical stimulation signal via the electrode. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the breath characteristic includes an airway volume and/or an airway pressure. 44. The method of claim 40, wherein the impedance is a first impedance, the breath characteristic is a first breath characteristic, and the method further comprises:
measuring a second impedance of tissue; and based on the second impedance, determining a second breath characteristic; wherein the first breath characteristic is a volume of a first portion of a lung, and the second breath characteristic is a volume of a second portion of the lung. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the first breath characteristic is a first volume of the first potion of the lung, the second breath characteristic is a first volume of the second portion of the lung, and the method further comprises, after delivering the stimulation signal to a nerve:
measuring a third impedance of tissue; based on the third impedance, calculating a second volume of the first portion of the lung; measuring a fourth impedance of tissue; and based on the fourth impedance, calculating a second volume of the second portion of the lung; wherein the first volume of the first portion of the lung is different than the second volume of the first portion of the lung; and the first volume of the second portion of the lung is different than the second volume of the second portion of the lung. 46. A method of electrical stimulation, the method comprising:
delivering a first electrical stimulation signal comprising a first pulse width to a nerve; measuring a first impedance of lung tissue; calculating a first lung volume based on the first impedance; based on the first lung volume, calculating a second electrical stimulation signal comprising a second pulse width, wherein the second pulse width is greater than the first pulse width; and delivering the second electrical stimulation signal to the nerve. 47. The method of claim 46, further comprising:
measuring a second impedance of lung tissue; and calculating a second lung volume based on the second impedance, wherein the second lung volume is greater than the first lung volume. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the lung volume is a volume of a lower lung lobe. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein the lung tissue is lung tissue of a patient, and the patient is receiving breathing assistance from a mechanical ventilator. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the first impedance measurement and the second impedance measurement are both taken during an inspiration. | 3,600 |
343,317 | 16,802,678 | 3,653 | New gene therapy constructions and compositions are the subject of present invention. The gene therapy compositions consist in adeno-associated vectors which jointly express insulin (Ins) and glucokinase (Gck) genes. The new gene therapy constructions are useful for treatment of diabetes either in dosgs or human beings. | 1. Gene therapy composition which comprises a single vector carrying and allowing the expression of both an insulin gene (Ins) and a glucokinase gene (Gck) operatively linked, wherein the vector contains a coding sequence of the insulin gene and a coding sequence of the glucokinase gene that are mutated with the purpose of increasing protein production in a subject and in such a way that the codon adaptation index of these mutated coding sequences is higher than 0.9. 2. The gene therapy composition of claim 1, wherein the vector is an adeno associated virus based vector. 3. The gene therapy composition of claim 1, wherein the vector is an adeno associated virus vector of serotype 1 (AAV1). 4. The gene therapy composition of claim 1, wherein the insulin gene encodes for human insulin and the glucokinase gene encodes for human glucokinase. | New gene therapy constructions and compositions are the subject of present invention. The gene therapy compositions consist in adeno-associated vectors which jointly express insulin (Ins) and glucokinase (Gck) genes. The new gene therapy constructions are useful for treatment of diabetes either in dosgs or human beings.1. Gene therapy composition which comprises a single vector carrying and allowing the expression of both an insulin gene (Ins) and a glucokinase gene (Gck) operatively linked, wherein the vector contains a coding sequence of the insulin gene and a coding sequence of the glucokinase gene that are mutated with the purpose of increasing protein production in a subject and in such a way that the codon adaptation index of these mutated coding sequences is higher than 0.9. 2. The gene therapy composition of claim 1, wherein the vector is an adeno associated virus based vector. 3. The gene therapy composition of claim 1, wherein the vector is an adeno associated virus vector of serotype 1 (AAV1). 4. The gene therapy composition of claim 1, wherein the insulin gene encodes for human insulin and the glucokinase gene encodes for human glucokinase. | 3,600 |
343,318 | 16,802,697 | 3,653 | A fuel cell system, including: an electric power generation control unit; an insulation-resistance measurement signal generation unit configured to generate a voltage-divided AC signal obtained by dividing an amplitude of a measurement AC signal; and an insulation resistance measurement unit configured to measure a resistance value of the insulation resistance, in which when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects, in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, an excessive noise state indicating a change in which a range of fluctuations of the peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal exceeds a predetermined allowable range of fluctuations, the insulation resistance measurement unit instructs the electric power generation control unit to change a fluctuation frequency of an output voltage of the fuel cell from a current frequency and then measures the resistance value of the insulation resistance. | 1. A fuel cell system, comprising:
a fuel cell; an electric power generation control unit configured to control an amount of electric power generated by the fuel cell by controlling an amount of oxidant gas and fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell; an insulation-resistance measurement signal generation unit configured to generate a voltage-divided AC signal obtained by dividing an amplitude of a measurement AC signal using a resistance voltage divided by an insulation resistance between an outer conductor located around a high voltage circuit including the fuel cell and the high voltage circuit, and a reference resistance having a known resistance value; and an insulation resistance measurement unit configured to measure a resistance value of the insulation resistance based on a peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal, wherein when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects, in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, an excessive noise state indicating a change in which a range of fluctuations of the peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal exceeds a predetermined allowable range of fluctuations, the insulation resistance measurement unit instructs the electric power generation control unit to change a fluctuation frequency of an output voltage of the fuel cell from a current frequency and then measures the resistance value of the insulation resistance. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects the excessive noise state in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, the electric power generation control unit increases or reduces the fluctuation frequency of the output voltage of the fuel cell by increasing or reducing the amount of electric power generated by the fuel cell from a current level. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects the excessive noise state in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, the electric power generation control unit changes the fluctuation frequency of the output voltage of the fuel cell from the current frequency by changing, from a current cycle, a cycle of increasing or reducing a flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell. 4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the insulation resistance measurement unit determines whether or not the excessive noise state is caused by a voltage maintenance control performed by the power generation control unit based on a noise determination cycle in which it is determined that a noise has occurred among cycles of fluctuations of the peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal, and a cycle of fluctuations of the output voltage of the fuel cell, and instructs the electric power generation control unit to change the fluctuation frequency of the output voltage of the fuel cell from the current frequency when the insulation resistance measurement unit determines that the excessive noise state is caused by the voltage maintenance control. | A fuel cell system, including: an electric power generation control unit; an insulation-resistance measurement signal generation unit configured to generate a voltage-divided AC signal obtained by dividing an amplitude of a measurement AC signal; and an insulation resistance measurement unit configured to measure a resistance value of the insulation resistance, in which when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects, in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, an excessive noise state indicating a change in which a range of fluctuations of the peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal exceeds a predetermined allowable range of fluctuations, the insulation resistance measurement unit instructs the electric power generation control unit to change a fluctuation frequency of an output voltage of the fuel cell from a current frequency and then measures the resistance value of the insulation resistance.1. A fuel cell system, comprising:
a fuel cell; an electric power generation control unit configured to control an amount of electric power generated by the fuel cell by controlling an amount of oxidant gas and fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell; an insulation-resistance measurement signal generation unit configured to generate a voltage-divided AC signal obtained by dividing an amplitude of a measurement AC signal using a resistance voltage divided by an insulation resistance between an outer conductor located around a high voltage circuit including the fuel cell and the high voltage circuit, and a reference resistance having a known resistance value; and an insulation resistance measurement unit configured to measure a resistance value of the insulation resistance based on a peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal, wherein when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects, in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, an excessive noise state indicating a change in which a range of fluctuations of the peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal exceeds a predetermined allowable range of fluctuations, the insulation resistance measurement unit instructs the electric power generation control unit to change a fluctuation frequency of an output voltage of the fuel cell from a current frequency and then measures the resistance value of the insulation resistance. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects the excessive noise state in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, the electric power generation control unit increases or reduces the fluctuation frequency of the output voltage of the fuel cell by increasing or reducing the amount of electric power generated by the fuel cell from a current level. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the insulation resistance measurement unit detects the excessive noise state in a state where a voltage is maintained during an intermittent operation of the electric power generation control unit, the electric power generation control unit changes the fluctuation frequency of the output voltage of the fuel cell from the current frequency by changing, from a current cycle, a cycle of increasing or reducing a flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell. 4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the insulation resistance measurement unit determines whether or not the excessive noise state is caused by a voltage maintenance control performed by the power generation control unit based on a noise determination cycle in which it is determined that a noise has occurred among cycles of fluctuations of the peak value of the voltage-divided AC signal, and a cycle of fluctuations of the output voltage of the fuel cell, and instructs the electric power generation control unit to change the fluctuation frequency of the output voltage of the fuel cell from the current frequency when the insulation resistance measurement unit determines that the excessive noise state is caused by the voltage maintenance control. | 3,600 |
343,319 | 16,802,743 | 3,653 | The present invention relates to coating glass for architectural or automotive use, either monolithic or laminated, having solar control properties. The coating consists of several layers of different metal oxide semiconductors (TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, SnO2, AlOx) and a layer of metallic nanoparticles, which when superimposed on a pre-established order give the glass solar control properties. In particular the use of protective layers of n-type semiconductors around the metallic nanoparticles layer. It also relates to the method for obtaining the coating by means of the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique, using precursor solutions containing an organic or inorganic salt (acetates, acetylacetonates, halides, nitrates) of the applicable elements and an appropriate solvent (water, alcohol, acetone, acetylacetone, etc.). The synthesis is performed at a temperature between 100 and 600° C. depending on the material to be deposited. A nebulizer converts the precursor solution into an aerosol which is submitted with a gas to the substrate surface, where due to the temperature the thermal decomposition of the precursor occurs and the deposition of each layer of the coating occurs. | 1. A method for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate comprising the steps of:
a) placing a substrate in a clamping area; b) heating the substrate in a heater chamber to a predetermined temperature; c) preparing a mixture of a precursor solution and a solvent; d) depositing the mixture of precursor solution and solvent in the heating chamber to form at least one coating layer on the recently heated substrate, wherein the temperature in the heating chamber produces the evaporation of the solvent and deposits the precursor solution on the substrate surface, forming a solar control coating on the substrate; and e) removing the substrate from the clamping area once the coating layer is formed. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing the mixture of precursor solution and solvent to form at least one coating layer on the substrate comprises: producing a micrometric drop cloud or aerosol of the precursor solution on the substrate. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the precursor solution comprises organometallic precursors or inorganic compounds. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic or organometallic precursors are acetates, acetylacetonates, chlorides, nitrates, or halides. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent being water, distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, or a mixture thereof. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the micrometric drop cloud is applied with a diameter of between 1 to 20 microns. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate temperature is between 100° C. and 600° C. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the precursor solution is from 0.001 to 0.2 mol·dm−3. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing the precursor solution mixture and solvent of step c) comprises: introducing said mixture into the heating chamber by means of a carrier gas with a flow of between 1 and 10 L min−1. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the carrier gas is air, argon, nitrogen, or a similar gas. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing the mixture of precursor solution and solvent is performed by the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique (AACVD). 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solar control coating comprises:
i) a first active protective layer residing over one surface of the substrate; ii) a non-continuous metallic nanoparticle layer residing over said first active protective layer; iii) a second active protective layer residing over said metallic nanoparticle layer; and iv) a dielectric layer. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the non-continuous metallic nanoparticle layer comprises metallic nanoparticles having a diameter of less than 30 nm. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the dielectric layer comprises Al2O3. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the first active protective layer and second active protective layer comprise a metal oxide, wherein said metal oxide comprises titanium or zinc. 16. A system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate comprising:
a) clamping means for molding the substrate; b) heating means for heating the substrate; c) a nebulizer coupled to the heating means, which includes an outlet nozzle of a precursor solution for depositing the precursor solution on the substrate surface; d) motion means coupled to the outlet nozzle to move the outlet nozzle above the substrate, for depositing the precursor solution uniformly over the entire substrate surface and depositing the precursor solution as a coating on said substrate surface; and e) gas extraction means, said gases being produced by the deposition of the precursor solution on the substrate and to avoid contamination of the deposited coating. 17. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 16, wherein the nebulizer is pneumatic, electrostatic, or ultrasonic type. 18. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 16, wherein the temperature of the heating means is between 100° C. and 600° C. 19. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 12, wherein the means for moving the nozzle travel at a speed of from 0.1 to 5 cm/min, which permits varying the thickness of the coating. 20. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 16, wherein the nebulizer includes a flow controller and a pressure regulator for introducing a carrier gas mixed with the precursor solution. | The present invention relates to coating glass for architectural or automotive use, either monolithic or laminated, having solar control properties. The coating consists of several layers of different metal oxide semiconductors (TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, SnO2, AlOx) and a layer of metallic nanoparticles, which when superimposed on a pre-established order give the glass solar control properties. In particular the use of protective layers of n-type semiconductors around the metallic nanoparticles layer. It also relates to the method for obtaining the coating by means of the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique, using precursor solutions containing an organic or inorganic salt (acetates, acetylacetonates, halides, nitrates) of the applicable elements and an appropriate solvent (water, alcohol, acetone, acetylacetone, etc.). The synthesis is performed at a temperature between 100 and 600° C. depending on the material to be deposited. A nebulizer converts the precursor solution into an aerosol which is submitted with a gas to the substrate surface, where due to the temperature the thermal decomposition of the precursor occurs and the deposition of each layer of the coating occurs.1. A method for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate comprising the steps of:
a) placing a substrate in a clamping area; b) heating the substrate in a heater chamber to a predetermined temperature; c) preparing a mixture of a precursor solution and a solvent; d) depositing the mixture of precursor solution and solvent in the heating chamber to form at least one coating layer on the recently heated substrate, wherein the temperature in the heating chamber produces the evaporation of the solvent and deposits the precursor solution on the substrate surface, forming a solar control coating on the substrate; and e) removing the substrate from the clamping area once the coating layer is formed. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing the mixture of precursor solution and solvent to form at least one coating layer on the substrate comprises: producing a micrometric drop cloud or aerosol of the precursor solution on the substrate. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the precursor solution comprises organometallic precursors or inorganic compounds. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic or organometallic precursors are acetates, acetylacetonates, chlorides, nitrates, or halides. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent being water, distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, or a mixture thereof. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the micrometric drop cloud is applied with a diameter of between 1 to 20 microns. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate temperature is between 100° C. and 600° C. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the precursor solution is from 0.001 to 0.2 mol·dm−3. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing the precursor solution mixture and solvent of step c) comprises: introducing said mixture into the heating chamber by means of a carrier gas with a flow of between 1 and 10 L min−1. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the carrier gas is air, argon, nitrogen, or a similar gas. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing the mixture of precursor solution and solvent is performed by the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique (AACVD). 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solar control coating comprises:
i) a first active protective layer residing over one surface of the substrate; ii) a non-continuous metallic nanoparticle layer residing over said first active protective layer; iii) a second active protective layer residing over said metallic nanoparticle layer; and iv) a dielectric layer. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the non-continuous metallic nanoparticle layer comprises metallic nanoparticles having a diameter of less than 30 nm. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the dielectric layer comprises Al2O3. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the first active protective layer and second active protective layer comprise a metal oxide, wherein said metal oxide comprises titanium or zinc. 16. A system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate comprising:
a) clamping means for molding the substrate; b) heating means for heating the substrate; c) a nebulizer coupled to the heating means, which includes an outlet nozzle of a precursor solution for depositing the precursor solution on the substrate surface; d) motion means coupled to the outlet nozzle to move the outlet nozzle above the substrate, for depositing the precursor solution uniformly over the entire substrate surface and depositing the precursor solution as a coating on said substrate surface; and e) gas extraction means, said gases being produced by the deposition of the precursor solution on the substrate and to avoid contamination of the deposited coating. 17. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 16, wherein the nebulizer is pneumatic, electrostatic, or ultrasonic type. 18. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 16, wherein the temperature of the heating means is between 100° C. and 600° C. 19. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 12, wherein the means for moving the nozzle travel at a speed of from 0.1 to 5 cm/min, which permits varying the thickness of the coating. 20. The system for depositing a solar control coating on a substrate according to claim 16, wherein the nebulizer includes a flow controller and a pressure regulator for introducing a carrier gas mixed with the precursor solution. | 3,600 |
343,320 | 16,802,749 | 3,653 | A catheter system for cryoablation is described that comprises: a catheter, which extends along its longitudinal axis; at least one cryoballoon which surrounds the catheter around its entire circumference and forms a filling lumen; a cooling lumen, which is separate from the filling lumen, within the cryoballoon, wherein the cooling lumen is arranged at the outer region of the cryoballoon away from the longitudinal axis of the catheter; at least one filling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the filling lumen; and at least one cooling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the cooling lumen. | 1. A catheter system for cryoablation, comprising:
a catheter, which extends along its longitudinal axis; at least one cryoballoon which surrounds the catheter around its entire circumference and forms a filling lumen; a cooling lumen, which is separate from the filling lumen, within the cryoballoon, wherein the cooling lumen is arranged at an outer region of the cryoballoon away from the longitudinal axis of the catheter; at least one filling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the filling lumen; and at least one cooling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the cooling lumen. 2. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling lumen extends over at least 90 percent of an outer circumference of the cryoballoon. 3. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the cryoballoon is rotationally symmetrical. 4. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one cooling conduit comprises a feed conduit and a return conduit. 5. The catheter system according to claim 1, further comprising a pH sensor at a distal end of the catheter. 6. The catheter system according to claim 1, further comprising two or more cryoballoons which are arranged next to each other on the catheter. 7. The catheter system according to claim 6, further comprising a distal balloon arranged on the catheter between the distal end of the catheter and a most distal one of the cryoballoons. 8. The catheter system according to claim 7, further comprising a proximal balloon which is arranged proximally with respect to a most proximal one of the cryoballoons. 9. The catheter system according to claim 8, wherein the proximal balloon is arranged on a second catheter, the proximal balloon configured to be shifted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the catheter relative to the catheter. 10. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the catheter comprises a depth scale through which an insertion depth of the catheter into a body can be ascertained. | A catheter system for cryoablation is described that comprises: a catheter, which extends along its longitudinal axis; at least one cryoballoon which surrounds the catheter around its entire circumference and forms a filling lumen; a cooling lumen, which is separate from the filling lumen, within the cryoballoon, wherein the cooling lumen is arranged at the outer region of the cryoballoon away from the longitudinal axis of the catheter; at least one filling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the filling lumen; and at least one cooling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the cooling lumen.1. A catheter system for cryoablation, comprising:
a catheter, which extends along its longitudinal axis; at least one cryoballoon which surrounds the catheter around its entire circumference and forms a filling lumen; a cooling lumen, which is separate from the filling lumen, within the cryoballoon, wherein the cooling lumen is arranged at an outer region of the cryoballoon away from the longitudinal axis of the catheter; at least one filling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the filling lumen; and at least one cooling conduit which extends within the catheter and terminates in the cooling lumen. 2. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling lumen extends over at least 90 percent of an outer circumference of the cryoballoon. 3. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the cryoballoon is rotationally symmetrical. 4. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one cooling conduit comprises a feed conduit and a return conduit. 5. The catheter system according to claim 1, further comprising a pH sensor at a distal end of the catheter. 6. The catheter system according to claim 1, further comprising two or more cryoballoons which are arranged next to each other on the catheter. 7. The catheter system according to claim 6, further comprising a distal balloon arranged on the catheter between the distal end of the catheter and a most distal one of the cryoballoons. 8. The catheter system according to claim 7, further comprising a proximal balloon which is arranged proximally with respect to a most proximal one of the cryoballoons. 9. The catheter system according to claim 8, wherein the proximal balloon is arranged on a second catheter, the proximal balloon configured to be shifted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the catheter relative to the catheter. 10. The catheter system according to claim 1, wherein the catheter comprises a depth scale through which an insertion depth of the catheter into a body can be ascertained. | 3,600 |
343,321 | 16,802,722 | 3,653 | A novel method for producing a porous carbon material which makes it possible to easily produce a porous carbon material having a desired shape. The method includes immersing a carbon-containing material having a desired shape and composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon in a metal bath, the metal bath having a solidification point that is lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the metal bath being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to carbon by decreasing the other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath while maintaining an external shape of the carbon-containing material to give a porous carbon material having microvoids. | 1. A method for producing a porous carbon material comprising bringing a carbon-containing material having a desired shape and composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon into contact with a molten metal, the molten metal having a solidification point that is lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the molten metal being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to the carbon by decreasing the other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the molten metal while maintaining an external shape of the carbon-containing material to give a carbon material having microvoids. 2. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon-containing material is formed to have a desired shape before being brought into contact with the molten metal. 3. The method according to claim 2 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon-containing material is formed to be spherical by rapidly cooling to solidify a carbon-containing metal melt and thereafter the carbon-containing material is brought into contact with the molten metal to thereby give a spherical carbon material having microvoids. 4. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon-containing material is immersed in a metal bath composed of the molten metal to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath to give the carbon material. 5. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein a solid metal having a solidification point that is lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material is arranged so as to contact the carbon-containing material, and the solid metal is heated and turned into the molten metal to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the molten metal to give the carbon material. 6. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon material is released from the molten metal and thereafter is subjected to an acid or alkali aqueous solution to selectively elute an adherent mixture alone that adheres to a periphery of the carbon material or to an inside of the microvoids and that includes components of the molten metal and/or the other non-carbon main components. 7. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the molten metal is composed of Ag, Bi, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, In, Ir, Pb, Pt, Rh, Sb, Sn, or Zn, or is composed of a mixture that is an alloy of at least one of those components as a main component, and wherein the other non-carbon main components are composed of any one or a mixture including more than one of Al, B, Be, Ca, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Pr, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W and Zr. 8. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein selectively eluting the other non-carbon main components into the molten metal is performed in an inert atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere, or performed in air with flux added to the molten metal. | A novel method for producing a porous carbon material which makes it possible to easily produce a porous carbon material having a desired shape. The method includes immersing a carbon-containing material having a desired shape and composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon in a metal bath, the metal bath having a solidification point that is lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the metal bath being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to carbon by decreasing the other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath while maintaining an external shape of the carbon-containing material to give a porous carbon material having microvoids.1. A method for producing a porous carbon material comprising bringing a carbon-containing material having a desired shape and composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon into contact with a molten metal, the molten metal having a solidification point that is lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the molten metal being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to the carbon by decreasing the other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the molten metal while maintaining an external shape of the carbon-containing material to give a carbon material having microvoids. 2. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon-containing material is formed to have a desired shape before being brought into contact with the molten metal. 3. The method according to claim 2 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon-containing material is formed to be spherical by rapidly cooling to solidify a carbon-containing metal melt and thereafter the carbon-containing material is brought into contact with the molten metal to thereby give a spherical carbon material having microvoids. 4. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon-containing material is immersed in a metal bath composed of the molten metal to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath to give the carbon material. 5. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein a solid metal having a solidification point that is lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material is arranged so as to contact the carbon-containing material, and the solid metal is heated and turned into the molten metal to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the molten metal to give the carbon material. 6. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the carbon material is released from the molten metal and thereafter is subjected to an acid or alkali aqueous solution to selectively elute an adherent mixture alone that adheres to a periphery of the carbon material or to an inside of the microvoids and that includes components of the molten metal and/or the other non-carbon main components. 7. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein the molten metal is composed of Ag, Bi, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, In, Ir, Pb, Pt, Rh, Sb, Sn, or Zn, or is composed of a mixture that is an alloy of at least one of those components as a main component, and wherein the other non-carbon main components are composed of any one or a mixture including more than one of Al, B, Be, Ca, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Pr, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W and Zr. 8. The method according to claim 1 for producing a porous carbon material, wherein selectively eluting the other non-carbon main components into the molten metal is performed in an inert atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere, or performed in air with flux added to the molten metal. | 3,600 |
343,322 | 16,802,717 | 3,653 | One illustrative method for top to bottom expansion of tubulars within a wellbore comprises positioning the tubular, with an expansion mandrel positioned therein, within the well and expanding the tubular by forcing the expansion mandrel through the tubular in a down-hole direction of the well while forcing well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular into the formation. | 1. A method of expanding a tubular within a well located in a formation, comprising:
positioning the tubular, with an expansion mandrel positioned therein, within the well; and expanding the tubular by forcing the expansion mandrel through the tubular in a down-hole direction of the well while forcing well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular into the formation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular are forced into the formation at a location below a bottom of the tubular. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the well comprises an existing casing and wherein positioning the tubular comprises positioning the tubular adjacent the existing casing and wherein expanding the tubular comprises expanding the tubular toward the existing casing and wherein the well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular comprises well fluids positioned between the tubular and the existing casing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the existing casing comprises a plurality of perforations. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the well comprises an open bore hole section that exposes a portion of the formation and wherein positioning the tubular comprises positioning the tubular adjacent the open bore hole section and wherein expanding the tubular comprises expanding the tubular toward the open bore hole section and wherein the well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular comprises well fluids positioned between the tubular and the open bore hole section. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubular comprises a plurality of sections of pipe. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, prior to positioning the tubular within the well, the method comprises:
coupling a release sub to an upper end of the tubular; and coupling a guide nose to a lower end of the tubular. 8. A method of expanding a tubular within a well located in a formation, comprising:
positioning an expansion assembly within a tubular, the expansion assembly comprising an expansion cone, a cone mandrel and a cone guide assembly, wherein the expansion cone is positioned adjacent the cone mandrel and an upper end of the cone mandrel and the cone guide is positioned on the cone mandrel adjacent a lower end of the cone mandrel; positioning the tubular, with the expansion assembly positioned therein, within the well; and expanding the tubular by forcing the expansion assembly through the tubular in a down-hole direction of the well such that the expansion cone engages and radially expands the tubular while forcing well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular into the formation. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, prior to positioning the expansion assembly within the tubular, the method comprises coupling a float collar to a lower end of the cone mandrel, the float collar comprising an inverted check valve that, when closed, is adapted to block a flow of fluid through the inverted check valve in a down-hole direction of the well and wherein the method comprises positioning the expansion assembly within the well comprises positioning the expansion assembly having the float collar coupled thereto within the tubular. 10. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one tubular; a release sub operatively coupled to a first end of the tubular; an expansion cone operatively coupled to a first end of a cone mandrel, the combination of the expansion cone and the cone mandrel positioned within the tubular below the release sub; and a float collar operatively coupled to a second end of the cone mandrel, the float collar comprising an inverted check valve that, when closed, is adapted to block a flow of fluid through the inverted check valve in a down-hole direction of the well. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the tubular comprises a plurality of sections of pipe. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cone mandrel comprises a flange at an upper end of the cone mandrel and a cone retaining sleeve that is coupled to an outer surface of the cone mandrel, wherein the expansion cone is positioned above the cone retaining sleeve and wherein a portion of the expansion cone engages the flange. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the cone retaining sleeve is coupled to the outer surface of the cone mandrel by a threaded connection. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one tubular comprises a pre-expanded portion and an expandable portion, wherein the expansion cone is adapted to be positioned within the pre-expanded portion of the tubular prior to any expansion of the expandable portion of the tubular. 15. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the at least one tubular comprises a plurality of tubulars. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a plurality of separate elastomer bands positioned around the outer surface of the at least one tubular. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one tubular comprises:
a first tubular that comprises a pre-expanded portion and an expandable portion; a second tubular that comprises a pre-expanded portion and an expandable portion; and an intermediate tubular that is operatively coupled to both the first tubular and the second tubular, the intermediate tubular having an inside diameter that is greater than a maximum outside diameter of the expansion cone. 18. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the at least one tubular is adapted to be positioned against a formation in an uncased section of a wellbore. 19. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one tubular is a single length of pipe. | One illustrative method for top to bottom expansion of tubulars within a wellbore comprises positioning the tubular, with an expansion mandrel positioned therein, within the well and expanding the tubular by forcing the expansion mandrel through the tubular in a down-hole direction of the well while forcing well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular into the formation.1. A method of expanding a tubular within a well located in a formation, comprising:
positioning the tubular, with an expansion mandrel positioned therein, within the well; and expanding the tubular by forcing the expansion mandrel through the tubular in a down-hole direction of the well while forcing well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular into the formation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular are forced into the formation at a location below a bottom of the tubular. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the well comprises an existing casing and wherein positioning the tubular comprises positioning the tubular adjacent the existing casing and wherein expanding the tubular comprises expanding the tubular toward the existing casing and wherein the well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular comprises well fluids positioned between the tubular and the existing casing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the existing casing comprises a plurality of perforations. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the well comprises an open bore hole section that exposes a portion of the formation and wherein positioning the tubular comprises positioning the tubular adjacent the open bore hole section and wherein expanding the tubular comprises expanding the tubular toward the open bore hole section and wherein the well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular comprises well fluids positioned between the tubular and the open bore hole section. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the tubular comprises a plurality of sections of pipe. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, prior to positioning the tubular within the well, the method comprises:
coupling a release sub to an upper end of the tubular; and coupling a guide nose to a lower end of the tubular. 8. A method of expanding a tubular within a well located in a formation, comprising:
positioning an expansion assembly within a tubular, the expansion assembly comprising an expansion cone, a cone mandrel and a cone guide assembly, wherein the expansion cone is positioned adjacent the cone mandrel and an upper end of the cone mandrel and the cone guide is positioned on the cone mandrel adjacent a lower end of the cone mandrel; positioning the tubular, with the expansion assembly positioned therein, within the well; and expanding the tubular by forcing the expansion assembly through the tubular in a down-hole direction of the well such that the expansion cone engages and radially expands the tubular while forcing well fluid displaced by the expansion of the tubular into the formation. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, prior to positioning the expansion assembly within the tubular, the method comprises coupling a float collar to a lower end of the cone mandrel, the float collar comprising an inverted check valve that, when closed, is adapted to block a flow of fluid through the inverted check valve in a down-hole direction of the well and wherein the method comprises positioning the expansion assembly within the well comprises positioning the expansion assembly having the float collar coupled thereto within the tubular. 10. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one tubular; a release sub operatively coupled to a first end of the tubular; an expansion cone operatively coupled to a first end of a cone mandrel, the combination of the expansion cone and the cone mandrel positioned within the tubular below the release sub; and a float collar operatively coupled to a second end of the cone mandrel, the float collar comprising an inverted check valve that, when closed, is adapted to block a flow of fluid through the inverted check valve in a down-hole direction of the well. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the tubular comprises a plurality of sections of pipe. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cone mandrel comprises a flange at an upper end of the cone mandrel and a cone retaining sleeve that is coupled to an outer surface of the cone mandrel, wherein the expansion cone is positioned above the cone retaining sleeve and wherein a portion of the expansion cone engages the flange. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the cone retaining sleeve is coupled to the outer surface of the cone mandrel by a threaded connection. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one tubular comprises a pre-expanded portion and an expandable portion, wherein the expansion cone is adapted to be positioned within the pre-expanded portion of the tubular prior to any expansion of the expandable portion of the tubular. 15. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the at least one tubular comprises a plurality of tubulars. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a plurality of separate elastomer bands positioned around the outer surface of the at least one tubular. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one tubular comprises:
a first tubular that comprises a pre-expanded portion and an expandable portion; a second tubular that comprises a pre-expanded portion and an expandable portion; and an intermediate tubular that is operatively coupled to both the first tubular and the second tubular, the intermediate tubular having an inside diameter that is greater than a maximum outside diameter of the expansion cone. 18. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the at least one tubular is adapted to be positioned against a formation in an uncased section of a wellbore. 19. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one tubular is a single length of pipe. | 3,600 |
343,323 | 16,802,736 | 3,653 | A three-dimensional semiconductor memory device includes a substrate including a first connection region and a second connection region in a first direction and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions, and a first block structure on the substrate. The first block structure has a first width on the cell array region, the first block structure has a second width on the first connection region, and the first block structure has a third width on the second connection region. The first, second and third widths are parallel to a second direction intersecting the first direction, and the first width is less than the second width and is greater than the third width. | 1. A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate including a first connection region and a second connection region in a first direction and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions; and a first block structure on the substrate, wherein the first block structure has a first width on the cell array region, wherein the first block structure has a second width on the first connection region, wherein the first block structure has a third width on the second connection region, wherein the first width, the second width and the third width are parallel to a second direction intersecting the first direction, and wherein the first width is less than the second width and is greater than the third width. 2. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second block structure and a third block structure spaced apart from the first block structure in the second direction; a first block separation region separating the first block structure and the second block structure from each other; and a second block separation region separating the second block structure and the third block structure from each other, wherein the first block separation region is spaced apart from the second block separation region. 3. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second block structure spaced apart from the first block structure in the second direction, wherein the second block structure is symmetrical with the first block structure or has a shape in which the first block structure is rotated 180 degrees in a plan view. 4. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 3, wherein an end sidewall of the first block structure is aligned with an end sidewall of the second block structure on the first connection region when viewed in a plan view, and
wherein another end sidewall of the first block structure is aligned with another end sidewall of the second block structure on the second connection region when viewed in a plan view. 5. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second block structure spaced apart from the first block structure in the second direction, wherein the second block structure has the first width on the cell array region, wherein the second block structure has the third width on the first connection region, and wherein the second block structure has the second width on the second connection region. 6. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a sum of the second width and the third width corresponds to twice the first width. 7. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first block structure comprises:
a lower stack structure comprising a plurality of lower electrodes vertically stacked on the substrate; and intermediate stack structures comprising a plurality of intermediate electrodes vertically stacked on the lower stack structure, wherein the intermediate stack structures expose the lower stack structure, wherein the intermediate stack structures are offset from each other in the first direction. 8. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the intermediate electrodes in each of the intermediate stack structures include sidewalls exposed in the first direction and vertically aligned with each other. 9. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the first block structure further comprises: an upper stack structure on a plurality of the intermediate stack structures,
wherein the upper stack structure comprises: n upper electrodes spaced apart from each other in the second direction and at the same height, wherein end portions of the intermediate electrodes constituting one of the intermediate stack structures form a staircase structure in the second direction, and wherein the number of the intermediate electrodes forming the staircase structure is greater than n and is less than 2n. 10. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the lower electrodes constituting the lower stack structure form a staircase shape on the first connection region,
wherein a lowermost lower electrode of the lower electrodes is exposed on both the first connection region and the second connection region, the 3D semiconductor memory device further comprising: a first contact plug being in contact with the lowermost lower electrode on the first connection region; and a second contact plug being in contact with the lowermost lower electrode on the second connection region. 11. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first block structure comprises: a first lower electrode at a lowermost position,
wherein the first lower electrode on the first connection region comprises: a first electrode portion adjacent to the cell array region; a second electrode portion spaced apart from the first electrode portion; and a third electrode portion connecting the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion, and wherein the first electrode portion has the first width, and the second electrode portion has the second width. 12. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein a sidewall of the third electrode portion has a diagonal profile or a staircase-shaped profile when viewed in a plan view. 13. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, further comprising:
a dummy stack structure on the intermediate stack structure on the first connection region, wherein the dummy stack structure comprises vertically stacked dummy electrodes, and wherein the dummy electrodes form a staircase structure. 14. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first block structure has a first length parallel to the first direction on the first connection region,
wherein the first block structure has a second length parallel to the first direction on the second connection region, and wherein the first length is equal to the second length. 15. A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first block structure, a second block structure and a third block structure, on a substrate and are spaced apart from each other in a first direction; a first block separation region separating the first block structure and the second block structure from each other; and a second block separation region separating the second block structure and the third block structure from each other, wherein the first block separation region is spaced apart from the second block separation region, and wherein at least one of the first block separation region or the second block separation region has a staircase shape when viewed in a plan view. 16. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 15, wherein the substrate includes: a first connection region and a second connection region arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions,
wherein the second block structure has a first width on the cell array region, wherein the second block structure has a second width on the first connection region, wherein the second block structure has a third width on the second connection region, wherein the first width, the second width and the third width are parallel to the first direction, and wherein the first width is less than the second width and is greater than the third width. 17. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 15, wherein the first block structure or the third block structure is symmetrical with the second block structure or has a shape in which the second block structure is rotated 180 degrees in a plan view. 18. A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate including a first connection region and a second connection region in a first direction and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions; and a first block structure disposed on the substrate, wherein the first block structure comprises: a first lower electrode at a lowermost position; and first upper electrodes at an uppermost position, wherein the first upper electrodes are spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction and have line shapes extending in the first direction, wherein each of the first upper electrodes has a first width parallel to the second direction, wherein the first lower electrode includes a protrusion laterally protruding from a sidewall of an outermost one of the first upper electrodes on one of the first and second connection regions, wherein the protrusion has a second width parallel to the second direction, and wherein the second width ranges from one to three times the first width. 19. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the first block structure has a third width on the cell array region,
wherein the first block structure has a fourth width on the one of the first and second connection regions, wherein the first block structure has a fifth width on the other of the first and second connection regions, wherein the third width, the fourth width and the fifth width are parallel to the second direction, and wherein the third width is greater than the fifth width and is less than the fourth width. 20. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the first lower electrode is exposed on both the first connection region and the second connection region, the 3D semiconductor memory device further comprising:
a first contact plug being in contact with the first lower electrode on the first connection region; and a second contact plug being in contact with the first lower electrode on the second connection region. 21.-27. (canceled) | A three-dimensional semiconductor memory device includes a substrate including a first connection region and a second connection region in a first direction and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions, and a first block structure on the substrate. The first block structure has a first width on the cell array region, the first block structure has a second width on the first connection region, and the first block structure has a third width on the second connection region. The first, second and third widths are parallel to a second direction intersecting the first direction, and the first width is less than the second width and is greater than the third width.1. A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate including a first connection region and a second connection region in a first direction and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions; and a first block structure on the substrate, wherein the first block structure has a first width on the cell array region, wherein the first block structure has a second width on the first connection region, wherein the first block structure has a third width on the second connection region, wherein the first width, the second width and the third width are parallel to a second direction intersecting the first direction, and wherein the first width is less than the second width and is greater than the third width. 2. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second block structure and a third block structure spaced apart from the first block structure in the second direction; a first block separation region separating the first block structure and the second block structure from each other; and a second block separation region separating the second block structure and the third block structure from each other, wherein the first block separation region is spaced apart from the second block separation region. 3. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second block structure spaced apart from the first block structure in the second direction, wherein the second block structure is symmetrical with the first block structure or has a shape in which the first block structure is rotated 180 degrees in a plan view. 4. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 3, wherein an end sidewall of the first block structure is aligned with an end sidewall of the second block structure on the first connection region when viewed in a plan view, and
wherein another end sidewall of the first block structure is aligned with another end sidewall of the second block structure on the second connection region when viewed in a plan view. 5. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second block structure spaced apart from the first block structure in the second direction, wherein the second block structure has the first width on the cell array region, wherein the second block structure has the third width on the first connection region, and wherein the second block structure has the second width on the second connection region. 6. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a sum of the second width and the third width corresponds to twice the first width. 7. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first block structure comprises:
a lower stack structure comprising a plurality of lower electrodes vertically stacked on the substrate; and intermediate stack structures comprising a plurality of intermediate electrodes vertically stacked on the lower stack structure, wherein the intermediate stack structures expose the lower stack structure, wherein the intermediate stack structures are offset from each other in the first direction. 8. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the intermediate electrodes in each of the intermediate stack structures include sidewalls exposed in the first direction and vertically aligned with each other. 9. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the first block structure further comprises: an upper stack structure on a plurality of the intermediate stack structures,
wherein the upper stack structure comprises: n upper electrodes spaced apart from each other in the second direction and at the same height, wherein end portions of the intermediate electrodes constituting one of the intermediate stack structures form a staircase structure in the second direction, and wherein the number of the intermediate electrodes forming the staircase structure is greater than n and is less than 2n. 10. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the lower electrodes constituting the lower stack structure form a staircase shape on the first connection region,
wherein a lowermost lower electrode of the lower electrodes is exposed on both the first connection region and the second connection region, the 3D semiconductor memory device further comprising: a first contact plug being in contact with the lowermost lower electrode on the first connection region; and a second contact plug being in contact with the lowermost lower electrode on the second connection region. 11. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first block structure comprises: a first lower electrode at a lowermost position,
wherein the first lower electrode on the first connection region comprises: a first electrode portion adjacent to the cell array region; a second electrode portion spaced apart from the first electrode portion; and a third electrode portion connecting the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion, and wherein the first electrode portion has the first width, and the second electrode portion has the second width. 12. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein a sidewall of the third electrode portion has a diagonal profile or a staircase-shaped profile when viewed in a plan view. 13. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 7, further comprising:
a dummy stack structure on the intermediate stack structure on the first connection region, wherein the dummy stack structure comprises vertically stacked dummy electrodes, and wherein the dummy electrodes form a staircase structure. 14. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first block structure has a first length parallel to the first direction on the first connection region,
wherein the first block structure has a second length parallel to the first direction on the second connection region, and wherein the first length is equal to the second length. 15. A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first block structure, a second block structure and a third block structure, on a substrate and are spaced apart from each other in a first direction; a first block separation region separating the first block structure and the second block structure from each other; and a second block separation region separating the second block structure and the third block structure from each other, wherein the first block separation region is spaced apart from the second block separation region, and wherein at least one of the first block separation region or the second block separation region has a staircase shape when viewed in a plan view. 16. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 15, wherein the substrate includes: a first connection region and a second connection region arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions,
wherein the second block structure has a first width on the cell array region, wherein the second block structure has a second width on the first connection region, wherein the second block structure has a third width on the second connection region, wherein the first width, the second width and the third width are parallel to the first direction, and wherein the first width is less than the second width and is greater than the third width. 17. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 15, wherein the first block structure or the third block structure is symmetrical with the second block structure or has a shape in which the second block structure is rotated 180 degrees in a plan view. 18. A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate including a first connection region and a second connection region in a first direction and a cell array region between the first and second connection regions; and a first block structure disposed on the substrate, wherein the first block structure comprises: a first lower electrode at a lowermost position; and first upper electrodes at an uppermost position, wherein the first upper electrodes are spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction and have line shapes extending in the first direction, wherein each of the first upper electrodes has a first width parallel to the second direction, wherein the first lower electrode includes a protrusion laterally protruding from a sidewall of an outermost one of the first upper electrodes on one of the first and second connection regions, wherein the protrusion has a second width parallel to the second direction, and wherein the second width ranges from one to three times the first width. 19. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the first block structure has a third width on the cell array region,
wherein the first block structure has a fourth width on the one of the first and second connection regions, wherein the first block structure has a fifth width on the other of the first and second connection regions, wherein the third width, the fourth width and the fifth width are parallel to the second direction, and wherein the third width is greater than the fifth width and is less than the fourth width. 20. The 3D semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the first lower electrode is exposed on both the first connection region and the second connection region, the 3D semiconductor memory device further comprising:
a first contact plug being in contact with the first lower electrode on the first connection region; and a second contact plug being in contact with the first lower electrode on the second connection region. 21.-27. (canceled) | 3,600 |
343,324 | 16,802,755 | 2,867 | A capacitive angular position sensor, including a stationary disk and a rotary disk, the disks disposed parallel to each other and each having, on one of its faces, a patterned conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer on the stationary disk includes—a plurality of first electrodes, each capacitively coupled to at least a portion of the conductive layer on the rotary disk, the capacitive coupling being variable with the angular position, | 1. A capacitive angular position sensor for sensing an angular position between a rotary body and a stationary body, comprising a stationary disk, connected to the stationary body, and a rotary disk, connected to the rotary body,
said disks disposed parallel to each other and each having, on one of its faces, a patterned conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer on the stationary disk includes—a plurality of first electrodes, each capacitively coupled to at least a portion of the conductive layer on the rotary disk, the capacitive coupling being variable with the angular position, a second electrode, formed as a ring and capacitively coupled with at least a portion of the conductive layer on the rotary disk and a third electrode, formed as a ring and disposed so as to have significantly lower capacitive coupling with the conductive layer on the rotary disk than the capacitive coupling between said second electrode and the conductive layer on the rotary disk. 2. An angular position sensor as in claim 1, further comprising electronic circuitry, connected to said second electrode and to said third electrode and operative to receive signals electrically induced in said second electrode and in said third electrode, to amplify said signals and to subtract the amplified signal received from said third electrode from the amplified signal received from said second electrode. 3. An angular position sensor as in claim 2, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to enable adjusting the amplification factor of at least one of said signals so that any noise component in the results of said subtraction is reduced to an attainable minimum value and operative to process the results of said subtraction to yield corresponding angular position values. 4. An angular position sensor as in claim 1, wherein the stationary disk is formed with a central hole and the rotary disc is mechanically coupled to a rotary shaft, which passes through said hole. 5. An angular position sensor as in claim 4, wherein said third electrode is nearer the center of the stationary disk than said first and second electrodes. 6. An angular position sensor as in claim 5, wherein said second electrode is formed as a ring, interposed between said first electrode and said third electrode. 7. An angular position sensor as in claim 5, wherein said third electrode is formed, at least in part, as plating on a rim of said hole. 8. A capacitive angular position sensor for sensing an angular position between a rotary body and a stationary body, comprising a first stationary disk and a second stationary disk, disposed parallel to each other and connected to the stationary body, and
a rotary disk, disposed between said stationary disks and connected to the rotary body, each of said stationary disks having a patterned conductive layer on one of its faces, the conductive layers on said first and second stationary disks facing each other, wherein the conductive layer on the second stationary disk includes—one or more first electrodes, capacitively coupled with the conductive layer on the first stationary disk through the rotary disk, the coupling capacitance being variable with the angular position, and a second electrode, formed as a ring and disposed so as to have a significantly lower capacitive coupling with the conductive layer on the first stationary disk than the lowest capacitive coupling between said first electrodes and the conductive layer on the first stationary disk. 9. An angular position sensor as in claim 8, further comprising electronic circuitry, connected to said first and second electrodes on the second stationary disk and operative to receive signals electrically induced in said first electrode and said second electrode, to amplify said signals and to subtract the amplified signal received from said second electrode from the amplified signal received from any of said receiving electrodes. 10. An angular position sensor as in claim 9, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to enable adjusting the amplification factor of at least one of said signals so that any noise component in the results of said subtraction is reduced to an attainable minimum value and operative to process the results of said subtraction to yield corresponding angular position values. 11. An angular position sensor as in claim 8, wherein the second stationary disk is formed with a central hole and the rotary disc is mechanically coupled to a rotary shaft, which passes through said hole. 12. An angular position sensor as in claim 11, wherein one of said second electrodes is nearer the center of the second stationary disk than all of said first electrodes. 13. An angular position sensor as in claim 12, wherein said one of the second electrodes is formed, at least in part, as plating on a rim of said hole. 14. An angular position sensor as in claim 8, wherein the rotor includes dielectric material, formed and configured to affect said variability of coupling capacitance. 15. A method for sensing or encoding an angular position between a rotary body and a stationary body, comprising—
providing a capacitive angular position sensor that includes
a set of first electrodes, plated on a first stationary disk,
a rotary disk that is mechanically coupled to the rotary body, and
a second electrode and a third electrodes, plated on the first stationary disk or on a second stationary disk,
said second electrode being capacitively coupled to said first electrodes through the rotary disk, the coupling capacitance being variable with angular position, and said third electrode having significantly lower capacitive coupling with said first electrodes than the lowest capacitive coupling between said second electrode and said first electrodes;
applying signal voltages to said first electrodes;
obtaining induced signal voltages from said second and third electrodes and amplifying them;
subtracting the amplified signal obtained from the third electrode from the amplified signal obtained from the second electrode; and
processing the signal resulting from said subtracting to obtain an analog or digital representation of the angular position. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising—
adjusting an amplification factor in the amplification of one of said signal voltages so that any noise component in the results of said subtraction is reduced to an attainable minimum value. | A capacitive angular position sensor, including a stationary disk and a rotary disk, the disks disposed parallel to each other and each having, on one of its faces, a patterned conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer on the stationary disk includes—a plurality of first electrodes, each capacitively coupled to at least a portion of the conductive layer on the rotary disk, the capacitive coupling being variable with the angular position,1. A capacitive angular position sensor for sensing an angular position between a rotary body and a stationary body, comprising a stationary disk, connected to the stationary body, and a rotary disk, connected to the rotary body,
said disks disposed parallel to each other and each having, on one of its faces, a patterned conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer on the stationary disk includes—a plurality of first electrodes, each capacitively coupled to at least a portion of the conductive layer on the rotary disk, the capacitive coupling being variable with the angular position, a second electrode, formed as a ring and capacitively coupled with at least a portion of the conductive layer on the rotary disk and a third electrode, formed as a ring and disposed so as to have significantly lower capacitive coupling with the conductive layer on the rotary disk than the capacitive coupling between said second electrode and the conductive layer on the rotary disk. 2. An angular position sensor as in claim 1, further comprising electronic circuitry, connected to said second electrode and to said third electrode and operative to receive signals electrically induced in said second electrode and in said third electrode, to amplify said signals and to subtract the amplified signal received from said third electrode from the amplified signal received from said second electrode. 3. An angular position sensor as in claim 2, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to enable adjusting the amplification factor of at least one of said signals so that any noise component in the results of said subtraction is reduced to an attainable minimum value and operative to process the results of said subtraction to yield corresponding angular position values. 4. An angular position sensor as in claim 1, wherein the stationary disk is formed with a central hole and the rotary disc is mechanically coupled to a rotary shaft, which passes through said hole. 5. An angular position sensor as in claim 4, wherein said third electrode is nearer the center of the stationary disk than said first and second electrodes. 6. An angular position sensor as in claim 5, wherein said second electrode is formed as a ring, interposed between said first electrode and said third electrode. 7. An angular position sensor as in claim 5, wherein said third electrode is formed, at least in part, as plating on a rim of said hole. 8. A capacitive angular position sensor for sensing an angular position between a rotary body and a stationary body, comprising a first stationary disk and a second stationary disk, disposed parallel to each other and connected to the stationary body, and
a rotary disk, disposed between said stationary disks and connected to the rotary body, each of said stationary disks having a patterned conductive layer on one of its faces, the conductive layers on said first and second stationary disks facing each other, wherein the conductive layer on the second stationary disk includes—one or more first electrodes, capacitively coupled with the conductive layer on the first stationary disk through the rotary disk, the coupling capacitance being variable with the angular position, and a second electrode, formed as a ring and disposed so as to have a significantly lower capacitive coupling with the conductive layer on the first stationary disk than the lowest capacitive coupling between said first electrodes and the conductive layer on the first stationary disk. 9. An angular position sensor as in claim 8, further comprising electronic circuitry, connected to said first and second electrodes on the second stationary disk and operative to receive signals electrically induced in said first electrode and said second electrode, to amplify said signals and to subtract the amplified signal received from said second electrode from the amplified signal received from any of said receiving electrodes. 10. An angular position sensor as in claim 9, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to enable adjusting the amplification factor of at least one of said signals so that any noise component in the results of said subtraction is reduced to an attainable minimum value and operative to process the results of said subtraction to yield corresponding angular position values. 11. An angular position sensor as in claim 8, wherein the second stationary disk is formed with a central hole and the rotary disc is mechanically coupled to a rotary shaft, which passes through said hole. 12. An angular position sensor as in claim 11, wherein one of said second electrodes is nearer the center of the second stationary disk than all of said first electrodes. 13. An angular position sensor as in claim 12, wherein said one of the second electrodes is formed, at least in part, as plating on a rim of said hole. 14. An angular position sensor as in claim 8, wherein the rotor includes dielectric material, formed and configured to affect said variability of coupling capacitance. 15. A method for sensing or encoding an angular position between a rotary body and a stationary body, comprising—
providing a capacitive angular position sensor that includes
a set of first electrodes, plated on a first stationary disk,
a rotary disk that is mechanically coupled to the rotary body, and
a second electrode and a third electrodes, plated on the first stationary disk or on a second stationary disk,
said second electrode being capacitively coupled to said first electrodes through the rotary disk, the coupling capacitance being variable with angular position, and said third electrode having significantly lower capacitive coupling with said first electrodes than the lowest capacitive coupling between said second electrode and said first electrodes;
applying signal voltages to said first electrodes;
obtaining induced signal voltages from said second and third electrodes and amplifying them;
subtracting the amplified signal obtained from the third electrode from the amplified signal obtained from the second electrode; and
processing the signal resulting from said subtracting to obtain an analog or digital representation of the angular position. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising—
adjusting an amplification factor in the amplification of one of said signal voltages so that any noise component in the results of said subtraction is reduced to an attainable minimum value. | 2,800 |
343,325 | 16,802,640 | 2,867 | This specification describes techniques for processing service requests. One example method includes receiving an electronic credential request from a client, retrieving an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier, generating server signature information, and transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client. The server signature information includes the electronic credential and a user public key of the client. The electronic credential and the user public are signed using a server private key. The server signature information is configured to be cryptographically verified by the client and configured to enable the client to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential. The electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. The credential verification end device is configured to generate the electronic credential based on the user identifier. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for processing service requests, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, an electronic credential request from a client, wherein the electronic credential request comprises a user identifier; retrieving, by the one or more processors, an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier; generating, by the one or more processors, server signature information, wherein the server signature information comprises the electronic credential and a user public key of the client, and wherein the electronic credential and the user public key are signed using a server private key within a predetermined time period; and transmitting, by the one or more processors, the server signature information to the client, wherein the client is configured to cryptographically verify the server signature information within the predetermined time period and to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential, wherein the electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
allocating a user signature key to the electronic credential, and signing the electronic credential and a first user public key by using the server private key, wherein the user signature key comprises the first user public key. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
obtaining a second user public key sent by the client, and signing the electronic credential and the second user public key by using the server private key. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein the user signature key is an asymmetric key. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein the first user public key is signed by using the server private key, transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client comprises:
transmitting the allocated user signature key, the server signature information, and the electronic credential to the client. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining a service validity time based on the electronic credential request; and verifying whether the service validity time complies with a service specification. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 26, wherein the service validity time is based on a type of the electronic credential. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein signing the electronic credential and the user public key comprises:
performing a hash operation on the user public key and the electronic credential by using a hash algorithm to obtain a hash value; and signing the hash value by using the server private key to obtain the server signature information. 29. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving an electronic credential request from a client, wherein the electronic credential request comprises a user identifier; retrieving an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier; generating server signature information, wherein the server signature information comprises the electronic credential and a user public key of the client, and wherein the electronic credential and the user public key are signed using a server private key within a predetermined time period; and transmitting the server signature information to the client, wherein the client is configured to cryptographically verify the server signature information within the predetermined time period and to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential, wherein the electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
allocating a user signature key to the electronic credential, and signing the electronic credential and a first user public key by using the server private key, wherein the user signature key comprises the first user public key. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
obtaining a second user public key sent by the client, and signing the electronic credential and the second user public key by using the server private key. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein the user signature key is an asymmetric key. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 32, wherein the first user public key is signed by using the server private key, transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client comprises:
transmitting the allocated user signature key, the server signature information, and the electronic credential to the client. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, further comprising:
determining a service validity time based on the electronic credential request; and verifying whether the service validity time complies with a service specification. 35. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving an electronic credential request from a client, wherein the electronic credential request comprises a user identifier;
retrieving an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier;
generating server signature information, wherein the server signature information comprises the electronic credential and a user public key of the client, and wherein the electronic credential and the user public key are signed using a server private key within a predetermined time period;
transmitting the server signature information to the client, wherein the client is configured to cryptographically verify the server signature information within the predetermined time period and to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential, wherein the electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. 36. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
allocating a user signature key to the electronic credential, and signing the electronic credential and a first user public key by using the server private key, wherein the user signature key comprises the first user public key. 37. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
obtaining a second user public key sent by the client, and signing the electronic credential and the second user public key by using the server private key. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 36, wherein the user signature key is an asymmetric key. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 38, wherein the first user public key is signed by using the server private key, transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client comprises:
transmitting the allocated user signature key, the server signature information, and the electronic credential to the client. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, further comprising:
determining a service validity time based on the electronic credential request; and verifying whether the service validity time complies with a service specification. | This specification describes techniques for processing service requests. One example method includes receiving an electronic credential request from a client, retrieving an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier, generating server signature information, and transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client. The server signature information includes the electronic credential and a user public key of the client. The electronic credential and the user public are signed using a server private key. The server signature information is configured to be cryptographically verified by the client and configured to enable the client to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential. The electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. The credential verification end device is configured to generate the electronic credential based on the user identifier.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method for processing service requests, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, an electronic credential request from a client, wherein the electronic credential request comprises a user identifier; retrieving, by the one or more processors, an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier; generating, by the one or more processors, server signature information, wherein the server signature information comprises the electronic credential and a user public key of the client, and wherein the electronic credential and the user public key are signed using a server private key within a predetermined time period; and transmitting, by the one or more processors, the server signature information to the client, wherein the client is configured to cryptographically verify the server signature information within the predetermined time period and to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential, wherein the electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
allocating a user signature key to the electronic credential, and signing the electronic credential and a first user public key by using the server private key, wherein the user signature key comprises the first user public key. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
obtaining a second user public key sent by the client, and signing the electronic credential and the second user public key by using the server private key. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein the user signature key is an asymmetric key. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein the first user public key is signed by using the server private key, transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client comprises:
transmitting the allocated user signature key, the server signature information, and the electronic credential to the client. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining a service validity time based on the electronic credential request; and verifying whether the service validity time complies with a service specification. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 26, wherein the service validity time is based on a type of the electronic credential. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein signing the electronic credential and the user public key comprises:
performing a hash operation on the user public key and the electronic credential by using a hash algorithm to obtain a hash value; and signing the hash value by using the server private key to obtain the server signature information. 29. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving an electronic credential request from a client, wherein the electronic credential request comprises a user identifier; retrieving an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier; generating server signature information, wherein the server signature information comprises the electronic credential and a user public key of the client, and wherein the electronic credential and the user public key are signed using a server private key within a predetermined time period; and transmitting the server signature information to the client, wherein the client is configured to cryptographically verify the server signature information within the predetermined time period and to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential, wherein the electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
allocating a user signature key to the electronic credential, and signing the electronic credential and a first user public key by using the server private key, wherein the user signature key comprises the first user public key. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
obtaining a second user public key sent by the client, and signing the electronic credential and the second user public key by using the server private key. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein the user signature key is an asymmetric key. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 32, wherein the first user public key is signed by using the server private key, transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client comprises:
transmitting the allocated user signature key, the server signature information, and the electronic credential to the client. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, further comprising:
determining a service validity time based on the electronic credential request; and verifying whether the service validity time complies with a service specification. 35. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving an electronic credential request from a client, wherein the electronic credential request comprises a user identifier;
retrieving an electronic credential that corresponds to the user identifier;
generating server signature information, wherein the server signature information comprises the electronic credential and a user public key of the client, and wherein the electronic credential and the user public key are signed using a server private key within a predetermined time period;
transmitting the server signature information to the client, wherein the client is configured to cryptographically verify the server signature information within the predetermined time period and to generate a two-dimensional barcode based on the electronic credential, wherein the electronic credential included in the two-dimensional barcode is configured to be verified by a credential verification device. 36. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
allocating a user signature key to the electronic credential, and signing the electronic credential and a first user public key by using the server private key, wherein the user signature key comprises the first user public key. 37. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, wherein signing the electronic credential using the server private key comprises:
obtaining a second user public key sent by the client, and signing the electronic credential and the second user public key by using the server private key. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 36, wherein the user signature key is an asymmetric key. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 38, wherein the first user public key is signed by using the server private key, transmitting the server signature information and the electronic credential to the client comprises:
transmitting the allocated user signature key, the server signature information, and the electronic credential to the client. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 35, further comprising:
determining a service validity time based on the electronic credential request; and verifying whether the service validity time complies with a service specification. | 2,800 |
343,326 | 16,802,734 | 2,867 | Systems and methods are disclosed for automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow. One method comprises receiving a new node in the workspace and determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes. Based on the determination, a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap may be repositioned, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes. Upon determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes, the set of nodes may be scaled down until there is no overlap. | 1. A computer-implemented method of automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow, the method comprising:
receiving a new node in the workspace; determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes; repositioning a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes; determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes; and scaling down the set of nodes until there is no overlap. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the set of nodes further comprises one or more other nodes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the workspace comprises a workspace of a node editor of an object modeling application. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of nodes is associated with one or more properties of an object. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on distances between the set of nodes. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on a number of connection hops between the new node and each of the one or more nodes. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the scaling further comprises:
determining a size of each node within a second predetermined distance of the overlap; and scaling based on the size of each node within the second predetermined distance of the overlap. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined distance of the overlap comprises a circular area extending from a center point of the overlap, a radius of the circular area being at least twice the dimension of at least one of the new node and the one or more nodes. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the workspace is being scrolled; and in response to determining that the workspace is being scrolled, adjusting a view of the workspace to visually maintain pre-scaling sizes of the set of nodes, wherein the pre-scaling sizes are sizes of the set of nodes prior to being scaled down. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the adjusting comprises:
zooming in on an area of interest; and displaying the set of nodes at the pre-scaling sizes. 11. A system comprising:
one or more processors; one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations for automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow, the operations comprising:
receiving a new node in the workspace;
determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes;
repositioning a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes;
determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes; and
scaling down the set of nodes until there is no overlap. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of nodes further comprises one or more other nodes. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the workspace comprises a workspace of a node editor of an object modeling application. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on distances between the set of nodes. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on a number of connection hops between the new node and each of the one or more nodes. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the scaling further comprises:
determining a size of each node within a second predetermined distance of the overlap; and scaling based on the size of each node within the second predetermined distance of the overlap. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the predetermined distance of the overlap comprises a circular area extending from a center point of the overlap, a radius of the circular area being at least twice the dimension of at least one of the new node and the one or more nodes. 18. The system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
adjusting a view of the workspace to visually maintain pre-scaling sizes of the set of nodes, wherein the pre-scaling sizes are sizes of the set of nodes prior to being scaled down. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the adjusting comprises:
zooming in on an area of interest; and displaying the set of nodes at the pre-scaling sizes. 20. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations for automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow, the operations comprising:
receiving a new node in the workspace; determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes; repositioning a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes; determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes; and scaling down the set of nodes until there is no overlap. | Systems and methods are disclosed for automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow. One method comprises receiving a new node in the workspace and determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes. Based on the determination, a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap may be repositioned, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes. Upon determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes, the set of nodes may be scaled down until there is no overlap.1. A computer-implemented method of automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow, the method comprising:
receiving a new node in the workspace; determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes; repositioning a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes; determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes; and scaling down the set of nodes until there is no overlap. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the set of nodes further comprises one or more other nodes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the workspace comprises a workspace of a node editor of an object modeling application. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of nodes is associated with one or more properties of an object. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on distances between the set of nodes. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on a number of connection hops between the new node and each of the one or more nodes. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the scaling further comprises:
determining a size of each node within a second predetermined distance of the overlap; and scaling based on the size of each node within the second predetermined distance of the overlap. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined distance of the overlap comprises a circular area extending from a center point of the overlap, a radius of the circular area being at least twice the dimension of at least one of the new node and the one or more nodes. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the workspace is being scrolled; and in response to determining that the workspace is being scrolled, adjusting a view of the workspace to visually maintain pre-scaling sizes of the set of nodes, wherein the pre-scaling sizes are sizes of the set of nodes prior to being scaled down. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the adjusting comprises:
zooming in on an area of interest; and displaying the set of nodes at the pre-scaling sizes. 11. A system comprising:
one or more processors; one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations for automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow, the operations comprising:
receiving a new node in the workspace;
determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes;
repositioning a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes;
determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes; and
scaling down the set of nodes until there is no overlap. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of nodes further comprises one or more other nodes. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the workspace comprises a workspace of a node editor of an object modeling application. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on distances between the set of nodes. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the repositioning is based at least in part on a number of connection hops between the new node and each of the one or more nodes. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the scaling further comprises:
determining a size of each node within a second predetermined distance of the overlap; and scaling based on the size of each node within the second predetermined distance of the overlap. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the predetermined distance of the overlap comprises a circular area extending from a center point of the overlap, a radius of the circular area being at least twice the dimension of at least one of the new node and the one or more nodes. 18. The system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
adjusting a view of the workspace to visually maintain pre-scaling sizes of the set of nodes, wherein the pre-scaling sizes are sizes of the set of nodes prior to being scaled down. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the adjusting comprises:
zooming in on an area of interest; and displaying the set of nodes at the pre-scaling sizes. 20. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations for automatically adjusting a workspace comprising a plurality of nodes for sustained workflow, the operations comprising:
receiving a new node in the workspace; determining that the new node overlaps with one or more nodes; repositioning a set of nodes within a predetermined distance of the overlap, the set of nodes comprising the new node and the one or more nodes; determining that the new node still overlaps with the one or more nodes; and scaling down the set of nodes until there is no overlap. | 2,800 |
343,327 | 16,802,748 | 2,867 | In a combustor for a gas turbine engine, a radially outer end part of a dilution air introduction passage is radially slidably fitted into an inner periphery of an outer opening. A radially inner end part of the passage axially slidably abuts against an open edge of an inner opening. Therefore, even if outer and inner wall parts undergo relative movement in radial or axial direction due to difference in thermal expansion amount, it is possible to prevent occurrence of excessive stress and ensure airtightness for the outer and inner openings, stabilizing amount of dilution air introduced into a combustion chamber. Air does not leak into space between the outer and inner wall parts from the radially outer end part, therefore, air jet passing through an impingement cooling hole of the outer wall part collides with the inner wall part without disturbed, enhancing cooling effect of the inner wall part. | 1. A combustor for a gas turbine engine, comprising
an outer wall part having formed therein an impingement cooling hole, an inner wall part having formed therein an effusion cooling hole, and a tubular dilution air introduction passage providing a connection between an outer opening formed in the outer wall part and an inner opening formed in the inner wall part, the dilution air introduction passage introducing dilution air into a combustion chamber, wherein a radially outer end part of the dilution air introduction passage is radially slidably fitted into an inner periphery of the outer opening, and a radially inner end part of the dilution air introduction passage axially slidably abuts against an open edge of the inner opening. 2. The combustor for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the inner opening protrudes from the inner wall part radially outward in a tubular shape. 3. The combustor for a gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein the radially inner end part of the dilution air introduction passage includes an annular flange portion, the annular flange portion axially slidably abutting against the open edge of the inner opening. | In a combustor for a gas turbine engine, a radially outer end part of a dilution air introduction passage is radially slidably fitted into an inner periphery of an outer opening. A radially inner end part of the passage axially slidably abuts against an open edge of an inner opening. Therefore, even if outer and inner wall parts undergo relative movement in radial or axial direction due to difference in thermal expansion amount, it is possible to prevent occurrence of excessive stress and ensure airtightness for the outer and inner openings, stabilizing amount of dilution air introduced into a combustion chamber. Air does not leak into space between the outer and inner wall parts from the radially outer end part, therefore, air jet passing through an impingement cooling hole of the outer wall part collides with the inner wall part without disturbed, enhancing cooling effect of the inner wall part.1. A combustor for a gas turbine engine, comprising
an outer wall part having formed therein an impingement cooling hole, an inner wall part having formed therein an effusion cooling hole, and a tubular dilution air introduction passage providing a connection between an outer opening formed in the outer wall part and an inner opening formed in the inner wall part, the dilution air introduction passage introducing dilution air into a combustion chamber, wherein a radially outer end part of the dilution air introduction passage is radially slidably fitted into an inner periphery of the outer opening, and a radially inner end part of the dilution air introduction passage axially slidably abuts against an open edge of the inner opening. 2. The combustor for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the inner opening protrudes from the inner wall part radially outward in a tubular shape. 3. The combustor for a gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein the radially inner end part of the dilution air introduction passage includes an annular flange portion, the annular flange portion axially slidably abutting against the open edge of the inner opening. | 2,800 |
343,328 | 16,802,729 | 2,867 | Advances in computing and communication performance are commonly followed by applications that utilize such advances. Electronic conferences comprising audio and video may tax even the most advanced network and computing platforms when sufficient demand is placed on the conference. Accordingly, utilizing conference resources effectively and efficiently remains a concern. By allocating participating devices to either a push-to-talk group or a non-push to talk group, conference participants may selectively be enabled to contribute freely or limited to observe the conference. As a result, resources required to receive conference content from the participating devices may be allocated only to those that warrant such an allocation and not waste allocated resources that are not, or not currently, contributing to the conference content. | 1. A system comprising:
a network interface to a network; a data storage comprising a non-transitory data storage component; and a processor; and wherein the processor performs:
presenting a conference to communication devices via the network interface and wherein the conference comprises an audio portion and a video portion;
accessing a data structure maintained in the data storage and determining therefrom a first plurality of the communication devices and a second plurality of the communication devices;
for each of the first plurality of the communication devices, providing the video content and audio content received from each of the first plurality of the communication devices as a portion of the audio component of the conference directly into the conference without any further gating decision being performed;
receiving, from a requesting communication device of a second plurality of the communication devices, a request to talk signal;
in response to receiving the request to talk signal, evaluating an attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device;
in response to the evaluation being resolved to grant the request to talk, directly providing a video content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the video component of the conference and providing the audio content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the audio component of the conference; and
wherein unless granted the request to talk, none of the second plurality of the communication devices provides any portion of the video component of the conference nor any portion of the audio component of the conference. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the first plurality of communication devices to the second plurality of communication devices upon determining that a quality improvement to the conference would result therefrom for at least a portion of the communication devices. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon determining that resources utilized to present the conference are underutilized. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor performs evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprising the processor evaluating whether the user is associated with a current topic of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor performs evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprising the processor evaluating whether the user is a member of a group designated as a contributor of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor performs evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprising the processor evaluating whether the requesting communication device has a bandwidth limitation preventing the audio portion and the video portion to be received at a level of the conference and, throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, reducing at least one of the frame rate of the video portion, resolution of the video portion, or fidelity of the audio portion. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, providing a still image as the video portion. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the request to talk signal, the processor enqueues indicia of the requesting communication device into a queue and, when the indicia is in the first position of the queue, then performs the evaluating of the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device and removes the indicia from the queue. 11. A method, comprising:
presenting a conference to communication devices via a network and wherein the conference comprises an audio portion and a video portion; accessing a data structure maintained in a data storage and determining therefrom a first plurality of the communication devices and a second plurality of the communication devices; for each of the first plurality of the communication devices, providing the video content and audio content received from each of the first plurality of the communication devices as a portion of the audio component of the conference directly into the conference without any further gating decision being performed; receiving, from a requesting communication device of a second plurality of the communication devices, a request to talk signal; in response to receiving the request to talk signal, evaluating an attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device; and in response to the evaluation being resolved to grant the request to talk, directly providing a video content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the video component of the conference and providing the audio content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the audio component of the conference; and wherein unless granted the request to talk, none of the second plurality of the communication devices provides any portion of the video component of the conference nor any portion of the audio component of the conference. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the first plurality of communication devices to the second plurality of communication devices upon determining that a quality improvement to the conference would result therefrom for at least a portion of the communication devices. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon determining that resources utilized to present the conference are underutilized. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprises evaluating whether the user is associated with a current topic of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprises evaluating whether the user is a member of a group designated as a contributor of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprises evaluating whether the requesting communication device has a bandwidth limitation preventing the audio portion and the video portion to be received at a level of the conference and, throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, reducing at least one of the frame rate of the video portion, resolution of the video portion, or fidelity of the audio portion. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, providing a still image as the video portion. 20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
means to present a conference to communication devices via a network and wherein the conference comprises an audio portion and a video portion; means to access a data structure maintained in a data storage and determining therefrom a first plurality of the communication devices and a second plurality of the communication devices; means to, for each of the first plurality of the communication devices, provide the video content and audio content received from each of the first plurality of the communication devices as a portion of the audio component of the conference directly into the conference without any further gating decision being performed; means to receive, from a requesting communication device of a second plurality of the communication devices, a request to talk signal; means to, in response to receiving the request to talk signal, evaluate an attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device; and means to, in response to the evaluation being resolved to grant the request to talk, directly provide a video content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the video component of the conference and providing the audio content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the audio component of the conference; and wherein unless granted the request to talk, none of the second plurality of the communication devices provides any portion of the video component of the conference nor any portion of the audio component of the conference. | Advances in computing and communication performance are commonly followed by applications that utilize such advances. Electronic conferences comprising audio and video may tax even the most advanced network and computing platforms when sufficient demand is placed on the conference. Accordingly, utilizing conference resources effectively and efficiently remains a concern. By allocating participating devices to either a push-to-talk group or a non-push to talk group, conference participants may selectively be enabled to contribute freely or limited to observe the conference. As a result, resources required to receive conference content from the participating devices may be allocated only to those that warrant such an allocation and not waste allocated resources that are not, or not currently, contributing to the conference content.1. A system comprising:
a network interface to a network; a data storage comprising a non-transitory data storage component; and a processor; and wherein the processor performs:
presenting a conference to communication devices via the network interface and wherein the conference comprises an audio portion and a video portion;
accessing a data structure maintained in the data storage and determining therefrom a first plurality of the communication devices and a second plurality of the communication devices;
for each of the first plurality of the communication devices, providing the video content and audio content received from each of the first plurality of the communication devices as a portion of the audio component of the conference directly into the conference without any further gating decision being performed;
receiving, from a requesting communication device of a second plurality of the communication devices, a request to talk signal;
in response to receiving the request to talk signal, evaluating an attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device;
in response to the evaluation being resolved to grant the request to talk, directly providing a video content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the video component of the conference and providing the audio content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the audio component of the conference; and
wherein unless granted the request to talk, none of the second plurality of the communication devices provides any portion of the video component of the conference nor any portion of the audio component of the conference. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the first plurality of communication devices to the second plurality of communication devices upon determining that a quality improvement to the conference would result therefrom for at least a portion of the communication devices. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon determining that resources utilized to present the conference are underutilized. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor performs evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprising the processor evaluating whether the user is associated with a current topic of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor performs evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprising the processor evaluating whether the user is a member of a group designated as a contributor of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor performs evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprising the processor evaluating whether the requesting communication device has a bandwidth limitation preventing the audio portion and the video portion to be received at a level of the conference and, throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, reducing at least one of the frame rate of the video portion, resolution of the video portion, or fidelity of the audio portion. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, providing a still image as the video portion. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the request to talk signal, the processor enqueues indicia of the requesting communication device into a queue and, when the indicia is in the first position of the queue, then performs the evaluating of the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device and removes the indicia from the queue. 11. A method, comprising:
presenting a conference to communication devices via a network and wherein the conference comprises an audio portion and a video portion; accessing a data structure maintained in a data storage and determining therefrom a first plurality of the communication devices and a second plurality of the communication devices; for each of the first plurality of the communication devices, providing the video content and audio content received from each of the first plurality of the communication devices as a portion of the audio component of the conference directly into the conference without any further gating decision being performed; receiving, from a requesting communication device of a second plurality of the communication devices, a request to talk signal; in response to receiving the request to talk signal, evaluating an attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device; and in response to the evaluation being resolved to grant the request to talk, directly providing a video content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the video component of the conference and providing the audio content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the audio component of the conference; and wherein unless granted the request to talk, none of the second plurality of the communication devices provides any portion of the video component of the conference nor any portion of the audio component of the conference. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the first plurality of communication devices to the second plurality of communication devices upon determining that a quality improvement to the conference would result therefrom for at least a portion of the communication devices. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically reassigns at least one communication device in the second plurality of communication devices to the first plurality of communication devices upon determining that resources utilized to present the conference are underutilized. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprises evaluating whether the user is associated with a current topic of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprises evaluating whether the user is a member of a group designated as a contributor of the conference and granting the request to talk when evaluated in the affirmative. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein evaluating the attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device, further comprises evaluating whether the requesting communication device has a bandwidth limitation preventing the audio portion and the video portion to be received at a level of the conference and, throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, reducing at least one of the frame rate of the video portion, resolution of the video portion, or fidelity of the audio portion. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein throttling at least one of the audio portion or the video portion when evaluated in the affirmative, further comprises, providing a still image as the video portion. 20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
means to present a conference to communication devices via a network and wherein the conference comprises an audio portion and a video portion; means to access a data structure maintained in a data storage and determining therefrom a first plurality of the communication devices and a second plurality of the communication devices; means to, for each of the first plurality of the communication devices, provide the video content and audio content received from each of the first plurality of the communication devices as a portion of the audio component of the conference directly into the conference without any further gating decision being performed; means to receive, from a requesting communication device of a second plurality of the communication devices, a request to talk signal; means to, in response to receiving the request to talk signal, evaluate an attribute associated with at least one of the requesting communication device or a user associated with the requesting communication device; and means to, in response to the evaluation being resolved to grant the request to talk, directly provide a video content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the video component of the conference and providing the audio content received from the requesting communication device as at least a portion of the audio component of the conference; and wherein unless granted the request to talk, none of the second plurality of the communication devices provides any portion of the video component of the conference nor any portion of the audio component of the conference. | 2,800 |
343,329 | 16,802,708 | 2,867 | Provided are a method, a system, and a non-transitory computer readable record medium for enhancing a video quality of a video call. A video call method may enhance and thereby forward a picture quality of a main object or a main portion in a video and thereby enhance a picture quality of experience of a recipient of a video call. | 1. A video call method comprising:
generating a base layer having a first picture quality with respect to an entire portion of a captured image; generating an upper layer having a second picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality with respect to a partial portion of the captured image; encoding each of the base layer and the upper layer; and transmitting the encoded base layer, the encoded upper layer, and position information of the upper layer in the captured image to a counterpart terminal of a video call. 2. The video call method of claim 1, wherein the counterpart terminal of the video call is configured to decode the base layer and the upper layer and reconstruct the captured by merging the upper layer with the base layer based on the position information. 3. The video call method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning a first quality weight to pixels located in the partial portion of the captured image, and assigning a second quality weight that is different from the first quality weight to pixels in a remaining portion of the captured image other than the partial portion. 4. The video call method of claim 3, further comprising determining the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the first quality weight. 5. The video call method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing a user interface through which an object in the captured image is selectable or a region in the captured image is settable, wherein the partial portion of the captured image comprises a portion corresponding to the object or the region. 6. The video call method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying at least one of a terminal capability of the counterpart terminal of the video call and a state of a network between a terminal and the counterpart terminal; and determining at least one of a number of layers to be forwarded to the counterpart terminal and the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the at least one of the terminal capability of the counterpart terminal and the state of the network. 7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that are executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform the video call method of claim 1. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the counterpart terminal of the video call is configured to decode the base layer and the upper layer, and reconstruct the captured image by merging the upper layer with the base layer based on the position information. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the video call method further comprises assigning a first quality weight to pixels located in the partial portion of the captured image, and assigning a second quality weight to pixels in the captured image other than the partial portion, the first quality weight being different from the second quality weight. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the video call method further comprises determining the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the first quality weight. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the video call method further comprises:
providing a user interface through which an object in the captured image is selectable or a region in the captured image is settable, and wherein the partial portion of the captured image comprises a portion corresponding to the object or the region. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the video call method further comprises:
identifying at least one of a terminal capability of the counterpart terminal of the video call and a state of a network between a terminal including the processor and the counterpart terminal; and determining at least one of a number of layers to be transmitted to the counterpart terminal and the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the at least one of the terminal capability of the counterpart terminal and the state of the network. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that are executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a video call method comprising:
receiving data encoded for each of a base layer and an upper layer of a captured image and position information of the upper layer in the captured image; decoding the data into the base layer and the upper layer, the base layer having a first picture quality with respect to an entire portion of the captured image, and the upper layer having a second picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality with respect to a partial portion of the captured image; and reconstructing the captured image to have a picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality with respect to the partial portion of the captured image by merging the upper layer with the base layer based on the position information. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein a transmission side of a video call is configured to generate and encode each of the base layer and the upper layer, and transmit the encoded base layer, the encoded upper layer, and the position information of the upper layer to a receiving side of the video call comprising the processor. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the encoded data comprises a first quality weight assigned to pixels located in the partial portion of the captured image, and a second quality weight assigned to pixels located in a remaining portion of the captured image other than the partial portion, and
wherein the first quality weight is different from the second quality weight. 16. An electronic device for preforming a video call, the electronic device comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor that is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: capture an image of a user; recognize a target object from the image; generate a base layer which comprises an entire portion of the image and to which a first quality weight is assigned; generate an upper layer which comprises a partial portion of the image comprising the target object, and to which a second quality weight is assigned; generate position information that indicates a position of the upper layer in the image; and transmit the base layer, the upper layer, and the position information to a counterpart electronic device to enable the counterpart electronic device to reconstruct the image based on the base layer, the upper layer, and the position information. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first quality weight corresponds to a first picture quality and the second quality weight corresponds to a second picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the position information indicates coordinates of pixels in the image at which the base layer is positioned. | Provided are a method, a system, and a non-transitory computer readable record medium for enhancing a video quality of a video call. A video call method may enhance and thereby forward a picture quality of a main object or a main portion in a video and thereby enhance a picture quality of experience of a recipient of a video call.1. A video call method comprising:
generating a base layer having a first picture quality with respect to an entire portion of a captured image; generating an upper layer having a second picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality with respect to a partial portion of the captured image; encoding each of the base layer and the upper layer; and transmitting the encoded base layer, the encoded upper layer, and position information of the upper layer in the captured image to a counterpart terminal of a video call. 2. The video call method of claim 1, wherein the counterpart terminal of the video call is configured to decode the base layer and the upper layer and reconstruct the captured by merging the upper layer with the base layer based on the position information. 3. The video call method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning a first quality weight to pixels located in the partial portion of the captured image, and assigning a second quality weight that is different from the first quality weight to pixels in a remaining portion of the captured image other than the partial portion. 4. The video call method of claim 3, further comprising determining the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the first quality weight. 5. The video call method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing a user interface through which an object in the captured image is selectable or a region in the captured image is settable, wherein the partial portion of the captured image comprises a portion corresponding to the object or the region. 6. The video call method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying at least one of a terminal capability of the counterpart terminal of the video call and a state of a network between a terminal and the counterpart terminal; and determining at least one of a number of layers to be forwarded to the counterpart terminal and the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the at least one of the terminal capability of the counterpart terminal and the state of the network. 7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that are executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform the video call method of claim 1. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the counterpart terminal of the video call is configured to decode the base layer and the upper layer, and reconstruct the captured image by merging the upper layer with the base layer based on the position information. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the video call method further comprises assigning a first quality weight to pixels located in the partial portion of the captured image, and assigning a second quality weight to pixels in the captured image other than the partial portion, the first quality weight being different from the second quality weight. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the video call method further comprises determining the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the first quality weight. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the video call method further comprises:
providing a user interface through which an object in the captured image is selectable or a region in the captured image is settable, and wherein the partial portion of the captured image comprises a portion corresponding to the object or the region. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the video call method further comprises:
identifying at least one of a terminal capability of the counterpart terminal of the video call and a state of a network between a terminal including the processor and the counterpart terminal; and determining at least one of a number of layers to be transmitted to the counterpart terminal and the second picture quality of the upper layer based on the at least one of the terminal capability of the counterpart terminal and the state of the network. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that are executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a video call method comprising:
receiving data encoded for each of a base layer and an upper layer of a captured image and position information of the upper layer in the captured image; decoding the data into the base layer and the upper layer, the base layer having a first picture quality with respect to an entire portion of the captured image, and the upper layer having a second picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality with respect to a partial portion of the captured image; and reconstructing the captured image to have a picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality with respect to the partial portion of the captured image by merging the upper layer with the base layer based on the position information. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein a transmission side of a video call is configured to generate and encode each of the base layer and the upper layer, and transmit the encoded base layer, the encoded upper layer, and the position information of the upper layer to a receiving side of the video call comprising the processor. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the encoded data comprises a first quality weight assigned to pixels located in the partial portion of the captured image, and a second quality weight assigned to pixels located in a remaining portion of the captured image other than the partial portion, and
wherein the first quality weight is different from the second quality weight. 16. An electronic device for preforming a video call, the electronic device comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor that is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: capture an image of a user; recognize a target object from the image; generate a base layer which comprises an entire portion of the image and to which a first quality weight is assigned; generate an upper layer which comprises a partial portion of the image comprising the target object, and to which a second quality weight is assigned; generate position information that indicates a position of the upper layer in the image; and transmit the base layer, the upper layer, and the position information to a counterpart electronic device to enable the counterpart electronic device to reconstruct the image based on the base layer, the upper layer, and the position information. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first quality weight corresponds to a first picture quality and the second quality weight corresponds to a second picture quality that is higher than the first picture quality. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the position information indicates coordinates of pixels in the image at which the base layer is positioned. | 2,800 |
343,330 | 16,802,706 | 2,867 | A fuel cell system configured to supply electric power to load includes: a fuel cell; and a control unit configured to set target electric power to be generated by the fuel cell and control electric power generation by the fuel cell such that the fuel cell generates the target electric power. The control unit is configured to, when setting the target electric power using request electric power that the load requests the fuel cell to generate, execute a fluctuation suppression process for making a fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than a fluctuation of the request electric power. | 1. A fuel cell system configured to supply electric power to load, comprising:
a fuel cell; and a control unit configured to set target electric power to be generated by the fuel cell and control electric power generation by the fuel cell such that the fuel cell generates the target electric power, wherein the control unit is configured to, when setting the target electric power using request electric power that the load requests the fuel cell to generate, execute a fluctuation suppression process for making a fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than a fluctuation of the request electric power. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit includes a fluctuation suppression reduction unit configured to reduce, in accordance with an operating state of the fuel cell system, a level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, further comprising an electric storage device configured to store the electric power generated by the fuel cell, wherein the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use, as the operating state, allowable charge electric power that is an upper limit of charge electric power of the electric storage device, and when the allowable charge electric power is less than maximum generated electric power of the fuel cell, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power. 4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, further comprising an electric storage device configured to supply electric power to the load, wherein the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use, as the operating state, allowable output electric power that is an upper limit of output electric power of the electric storage device, and when the allowable output electric power is less than maximum electric power consumption of the load, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power. 5. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fuel cell system is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle as a driving power source; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle as the operating state, and when the vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined first reference value, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 6. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fuel cell system is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle as a driving power source; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle and a history of output states of the fuel cell as the operating state, and when the vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined second reference value, and the history of the output state of the fuel cell corresponds to a predetermined high output state, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 7. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is a low pass filter process for setting the target electric power by applying a low pass filter to the fluctuation of the request electric power; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power by decreasing a time constant in the low pass filter. 8. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is an equalization process repeatedly executed in the control unit for calculating a representative value, among values each including target electric power, set during a period from a time point tracking back for a predetermined reference period from present time to a time point when the target electric power is previously set, and request electric power at the present time, and setting the representative value as the target electric power; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power, by shortening the reference period in the fluctuation suppression process. 9. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is a change rate regulation process for setting the target electric power by setting an upper limit for an increment of the target electric power per unit time, while setting a lower limit for a decrement of the target electric power per unit time; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power, by increasing the upper limit while decreasing the lower limit in the fluctuation suppression process. 10. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is a staged process for dividing an allowable range of the request electric power into a plurality of divided ranges, and increasing the target electric power in stages in accordance with increase in the request electric power such that when the request electric power belongs to an identical divided range, identical target electric power is set; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power, by increasing the number of the divided ranges obtained by dividing the allowable range of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 11. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein
the fluctuation suppression process is any one process out of: (a) a low pass filter process for setting the target electric power by applying a low pass filter to the fluctuation of the request electric power; (b) an equalization process for calculating a representative value, among values each including target electric power set during a period from a time point tracking back for a predetermined reference period from present time to a time point when the target electric power is previously set, and request electric power at the present time, and setting the representative value as the target electric power; (c) a change rate regulation process for setting the target electric power by setting an upper limit for an increment of the target electric power per unit time, while setting a lower limit for a decrement of the target electric power per unit time; and (d) a staged process for dividing an allowable range of the request electric power into a plurality of divided ranges, and increasing the target electric power in stages in accordance with increase in the request electric power such that when the request electric power belongs to an identical divided range, identical target electric power is set. | A fuel cell system configured to supply electric power to load includes: a fuel cell; and a control unit configured to set target electric power to be generated by the fuel cell and control electric power generation by the fuel cell such that the fuel cell generates the target electric power. The control unit is configured to, when setting the target electric power using request electric power that the load requests the fuel cell to generate, execute a fluctuation suppression process for making a fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than a fluctuation of the request electric power.1. A fuel cell system configured to supply electric power to load, comprising:
a fuel cell; and a control unit configured to set target electric power to be generated by the fuel cell and control electric power generation by the fuel cell such that the fuel cell generates the target electric power, wherein the control unit is configured to, when setting the target electric power using request electric power that the load requests the fuel cell to generate, execute a fluctuation suppression process for making a fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than a fluctuation of the request electric power. 2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit includes a fluctuation suppression reduction unit configured to reduce, in accordance with an operating state of the fuel cell system, a level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, further comprising an electric storage device configured to store the electric power generated by the fuel cell, wherein the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use, as the operating state, allowable charge electric power that is an upper limit of charge electric power of the electric storage device, and when the allowable charge electric power is less than maximum generated electric power of the fuel cell, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power. 4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, further comprising an electric storage device configured to supply electric power to the load, wherein the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use, as the operating state, allowable output electric power that is an upper limit of output electric power of the electric storage device, and when the allowable output electric power is less than maximum electric power consumption of the load, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power. 5. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fuel cell system is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle as a driving power source; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle as the operating state, and when the vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined first reference value, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 6. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fuel cell system is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle as a driving power source; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to use vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle and a history of output states of the fuel cell as the operating state, and when the vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined second reference value, and the history of the output state of the fuel cell corresponds to a predetermined high output state, reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 7. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is a low pass filter process for setting the target electric power by applying a low pass filter to the fluctuation of the request electric power; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power by decreasing a time constant in the low pass filter. 8. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is an equalization process repeatedly executed in the control unit for calculating a representative value, among values each including target electric power, set during a period from a time point tracking back for a predetermined reference period from present time to a time point when the target electric power is previously set, and request electric power at the present time, and setting the representative value as the target electric power; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power, by shortening the reference period in the fluctuation suppression process. 9. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is a change rate regulation process for setting the target electric power by setting an upper limit for an increment of the target electric power per unit time, while setting a lower limit for a decrement of the target electric power per unit time; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power, by increasing the upper limit while decreasing the lower limit in the fluctuation suppression process. 10. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein:
the fluctuation suppression process is a staged process for dividing an allowable range of the request electric power into a plurality of divided ranges, and increasing the target electric power in stages in accordance with increase in the request electric power such that when the request electric power belongs to an identical divided range, identical target electric power is set; and the fluctuation suppression reduction unit is configured to reduce the level of making the fluctuation of the target electric power smaller than the fluctuation of the request electric power, by increasing the number of the divided ranges obtained by dividing the allowable range of the request electric power in the fluctuation suppression process. 11. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein
the fluctuation suppression process is any one process out of: (a) a low pass filter process for setting the target electric power by applying a low pass filter to the fluctuation of the request electric power; (b) an equalization process for calculating a representative value, among values each including target electric power set during a period from a time point tracking back for a predetermined reference period from present time to a time point when the target electric power is previously set, and request electric power at the present time, and setting the representative value as the target electric power; (c) a change rate regulation process for setting the target electric power by setting an upper limit for an increment of the target electric power per unit time, while setting a lower limit for a decrement of the target electric power per unit time; and (d) a staged process for dividing an allowable range of the request electric power into a plurality of divided ranges, and increasing the target electric power in stages in accordance with increase in the request electric power such that when the request electric power belongs to an identical divided range, identical target electric power is set. | 2,800 |
343,331 | 16,802,726 | 2,867 | A system for affixing a fastener or fastener collar is provided including a handheld tool configured to engage a corresponding fastener; a communication device affixed to the handheld tool and configured to communicate with a base station; and a computer. In some example implementations, the computer is configured to receive an identification of a position of the handheld tool within a region of three-dimensional space, and determine, based on the position of the handheld tool and a user input, a location of the corresponding fastener. A digital representation of the region of three-dimensional space with an identification of the location of the corresponding fastener can then be generated; along with a graphical user interface including a visual representation of the map of the three-dimensional space and a visual representation of the location of the corresponding fastener. | 1. A system for affixing a fastener or fastener collar comprising:
a handheld tool configured to engage a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; a communication device affixed to the handheld tool and configured to wirelessly communicate with a base station; and a computer configured to:
receive, from the base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement of the handheld tool within a region of three-dimensional space;
determine a location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, based on the position, orientation and movement of the handheld tool and a user input to a user input interface of the communication device or the computer, and without a previously-stored or mapped location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
generate a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the region of three-dimensional space with an identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the handheld tool is a torque wrench, and the communication device is configured to transmit a torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar to the base station; and
wherein the computer is further configured to:
receive the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
store a record of the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
provide an indication the torque status via the GUI. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication device is further configured to receive the user input via the user input interface of the communication device and transmit a signal to the base station to cause the computer to record the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space on the digital representation. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the GUI includes a rendering of the region of three-dimensional space and a rendering of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar applied to the rendering of the region of three-dimensional space in a position on the GUI corresponding to the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar within the region of three-dimensional space. 5. A system for affixing a fastener or fastener collar comprising:
a handheld tool configured to engage a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; a communication device affixed to the handheld tool and configured to wirelessly communicate with a base station; and a computer configured to:
receive, from the base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement of the handheld tool within a region of three-dimensional space;
access a map of the region of three dimensional space, including an identification of a location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
determine, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
determine, based on one or more force measurements, and the orientation and movement of the handheld tool, one or more forces applied by the handheld tool on the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, the one or more forces including respective directions that indicate tightening and loosening operations performed by the handheld tool;
determine a status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar based on the one or more forces including the respective directions; and
provide an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer being configured to determine the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar comprises the computer being configured to:
apply the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space to the map; and determine a difference between the applied position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer being configured to provide the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, comprises the computer being configured to:
generate a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the map of the three-dimensional space, with the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer being configured to provide the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, comprises the computer being configured to transmit to the communication device, via the base station, the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
wherein the communication device is further configured to provide visual, audio, or haptic feedback to a user based on the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a characteristic of the visual, audio or haptic feedback is based at least in part of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the map further includes an identification of a location of a second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the computer is further configured to determine, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
provide an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 12. A method for affixing a fastener or fastener collar, the method comprising:
receiving, at a computer, from a base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement, within a region of three-dimensional space, of a handheld tool to which a communication device is affixed; determining a location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, based on the position of the handheld tool and a user input to a user input interface of the communication device or the computer, and without a previously-stored or mapped location of a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and generating a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the region of three-dimensional space with an identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the handheld tool is a torque wrench and the communication device is configured to transmit a torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar to the base station, the method further comprising:
receiving the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; storing a record of the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and providing an indication of the torque status via the GUI. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the communication device is further configured to receive the user input via the user input interface of the communication device and transmit a signal to the base station to cause the computer to record the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space on the digital representation. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein GUI includes a rendering of the region of three-dimensional space and a rendering of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar applied to the rendering of the region of three-dimensional space in a position on the GUI corresponding to the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar within the region of three-dimensional space. 16. A method for affixing a fastener or fastener collar, the method comprising:
receiving, at a computer, from a base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement, within a region of three-dimensional space, of a handheld tool to which a communication device is affixed; accessing a map of the region of three dimensional space, including an identification of a location of a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; determining, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; determining, based on one or more force measurements, and the orientation and movement of the handheld tool, one or more forces applied by the handheld tool on the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, the one or more forces including respective directions that indicate tightening and loosening operations performed by the handheld tool; determining a status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar based on the one or more forces including the respective directions; and providing an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
applying the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space to the map; and determining a difference between an applied position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein providing the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar further comprises:
generating a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the map of the three-dimensional space, with the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein providing the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, comprises the computer being configured to transmit to the communication device, via the base station, the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
wherein the communication device is further configured to provide visual, audio, or haptic feedback to a user based on the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a characteristic of the visual, audio or haptic feedback is based at least in part of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener of fastener collar. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the map further includes an identification of a location of a second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and providing an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. | A system for affixing a fastener or fastener collar is provided including a handheld tool configured to engage a corresponding fastener; a communication device affixed to the handheld tool and configured to communicate with a base station; and a computer. In some example implementations, the computer is configured to receive an identification of a position of the handheld tool within a region of three-dimensional space, and determine, based on the position of the handheld tool and a user input, a location of the corresponding fastener. A digital representation of the region of three-dimensional space with an identification of the location of the corresponding fastener can then be generated; along with a graphical user interface including a visual representation of the map of the three-dimensional space and a visual representation of the location of the corresponding fastener.1. A system for affixing a fastener or fastener collar comprising:
a handheld tool configured to engage a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; a communication device affixed to the handheld tool and configured to wirelessly communicate with a base station; and a computer configured to:
receive, from the base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement of the handheld tool within a region of three-dimensional space;
determine a location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, based on the position, orientation and movement of the handheld tool and a user input to a user input interface of the communication device or the computer, and without a previously-stored or mapped location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
generate a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the region of three-dimensional space with an identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the handheld tool is a torque wrench, and the communication device is configured to transmit a torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar to the base station; and
wherein the computer is further configured to:
receive the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
store a record of the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
provide an indication the torque status via the GUI. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication device is further configured to receive the user input via the user input interface of the communication device and transmit a signal to the base station to cause the computer to record the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space on the digital representation. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the GUI includes a rendering of the region of three-dimensional space and a rendering of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar applied to the rendering of the region of three-dimensional space in a position on the GUI corresponding to the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar within the region of three-dimensional space. 5. A system for affixing a fastener or fastener collar comprising:
a handheld tool configured to engage a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; a communication device affixed to the handheld tool and configured to wirelessly communicate with a base station; and a computer configured to:
receive, from the base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement of the handheld tool within a region of three-dimensional space;
access a map of the region of three dimensional space, including an identification of a location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
determine, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar;
determine, based on one or more force measurements, and the orientation and movement of the handheld tool, one or more forces applied by the handheld tool on the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, the one or more forces including respective directions that indicate tightening and loosening operations performed by the handheld tool;
determine a status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar based on the one or more forces including the respective directions; and
provide an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer being configured to determine the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar comprises the computer being configured to:
apply the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space to the map; and determine a difference between the applied position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer being configured to provide the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, comprises the computer being configured to:
generate a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the map of the three-dimensional space, with the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer being configured to provide the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, comprises the computer being configured to transmit to the communication device, via the base station, the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
wherein the communication device is further configured to provide visual, audio, or haptic feedback to a user based on the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a characteristic of the visual, audio or haptic feedback is based at least in part of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the map further includes an identification of a location of a second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the computer is further configured to determine, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
provide an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 12. A method for affixing a fastener or fastener collar, the method comprising:
receiving, at a computer, from a base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement, within a region of three-dimensional space, of a handheld tool to which a communication device is affixed; determining a location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, based on the position of the handheld tool and a user input to a user input interface of the communication device or the computer, and without a previously-stored or mapped location of a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and generating a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the region of three-dimensional space with an identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the handheld tool is a torque wrench and the communication device is configured to transmit a torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar to the base station, the method further comprising:
receiving the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; storing a record of the torque status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and providing an indication of the torque status via the GUI. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the communication device is further configured to receive the user input via the user input interface of the communication device and transmit a signal to the base station to cause the computer to record the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space on the digital representation. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein GUI includes a rendering of the region of three-dimensional space and a rendering of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar applied to the rendering of the region of three-dimensional space in a position on the GUI corresponding to the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar within the region of three-dimensional space. 16. A method for affixing a fastener or fastener collar, the method comprising:
receiving, at a computer, from a base station, data identifying a position, orientation and movement, within a region of three-dimensional space, of a handheld tool to which a communication device is affixed; accessing a map of the region of three dimensional space, including an identification of a location of a corresponding fastener or fastener collar; determining, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; determining, based on one or more force measurements, and the orientation and movement of the handheld tool, one or more forces applied by the handheld tool on the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, the one or more forces including respective directions that indicate tightening and loosening operations performed by the handheld tool; determining a status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar based on the one or more forces including the respective directions; and providing an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the status of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
applying the position of the handheld tool within the region of three-dimensional space to the map; and determining a difference between an applied position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein providing the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar further comprises:
generating a graphical user interface (GUI) including a digital representation of the map of the three-dimensional space, with the location of the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, and the position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein providing the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar, comprises the computer being configured to transmit to the communication device, via the base station, the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and
wherein the communication device is further configured to provide visual, audio, or haptic feedback to a user based on the indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a characteristic of the visual, audio or haptic feedback is based at least in part of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the corresponding fastener of fastener collar. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the map further includes an identification of a location of a second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining, based on the position of the handheld tool and the identification of the location of the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar, a relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar; and providing an indication of the relative position of the handheld tool with respect to the second corresponding fastener or fastener collar. | 2,800 |
343,332 | 16,802,733 | 2,867 | An apparatus in an illustrative embodiment comprises at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. The at least one processing device is configured to determine in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node, to replicate at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network, and to track the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes. Tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes illustratively comprises performing the tracking without requiring each of the first and additional nodes to pair with the user device. Other illustrative embodiments include methods and computer program products. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; said at least one processing device being configured: to determine in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node; to replicate at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network; and to track the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device implements at least one of the first and additional nodes of the node network. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device comprises at least an identifier of the user device and clock information of the user device. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device is further configured:
to determine a location of the user device based on at least in part on the tracking; and
to provide at least one service based at least in part on the location of the user device. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes comprises performing the tracking without requiring each of the first and additional nodes to pair with the user device. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
identifying the user device as having not been paired with any of the nodes of the node network; and
extracting at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device from the radio communications generated by the user device as part of its communication with another device with which it is paired. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
extracting an identifier from the radio communications of the user device;
extracting clock information from the radio communications of the user device; and
determining a hopping sequence of the user device based at least in part on the master identifier and the clock information. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the first node and the user device are paired with one another in a master-slave pairing arrangement, with one of the first node and the user device operating as a master device and the other of the first node and the user device operating as a slave device, and wherein the extracted identifier comprises one of a master device identifier and a slave device identifier. 9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the hopping sequence identifies a particular ad hoc wireless network with which the user device is associated and wherein tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes comprises monitoring communications between the user device and one or more other devices of the particular ad hoc wireless network. 10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein replicating at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network comprises replicating at least information characterizing the hopping sequence from the first node to the one or more additional nodes and wherein tracking the user device comprises tracking the user device based at least in part on the hopping sequence. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
initiating a pairing arrangement between the first node and the user device with the first node operating as a master device and the user device operating as a slave device;
requesting the user device to reverse master-slave roles with the first node; and
in conjunction with reversal of the master-slave roles, receiving in the first node from the user device a master device identifier of the user device and clock information of the user device, and determining in the first node a hopping sequence from the master device identifier and the clock information. 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
generating in the first node, in conjunction with a pairing of the first node and the user device, a link key shared by the first node and the user device;
wherein the link key is replicated from the first node to the one or more additional nodes of the node network as at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device. 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device is further configured:
to detect in a given one of the first and additional nodes one or more radio communications generated by the user device;
to generate at least one signal strength measure associated with the one or more detected radio communications; and
to provide information characterizing the one or more detected radio communications and said at least one signal strength measure to at least one of (i) another one of the first and additional nodes, and (ii) a central authority, in conjunction with the tracking of the user device. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device is further configured:
to associate a policy with the user device in at least one of the first and additional nodes; and
to control generation of an output from said at least one of the first and additional nodes, in conjunction with the tracking of the user device, in accordance with the policy associated with the user device. 15. A method comprising:
determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node; replicating at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network; and tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
identifying the user device as having not been paired with any of the nodes of the node network; and
extracting at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device from the radio communications generated by the user device as part of its communication with another device with which it is paired. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
extracting an identifier from the radio communications of the user device;
extracting clock information from the radio communications of the user device; and
determining a hopping sequence of the user device based at least in part on the master identifier and the clock information. 18. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes said at least one processing device:
to determine in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node; to replicate at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network; and to track the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes. 19. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
identifying the user device as having not been paired with any of the nodes of the node network; and
extracting at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device from the radio communications generated by the user device as part of its communication with another device with which it is paired. 20. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
extracting an identifier from the radio communications of the user device;
extracting clock information from the radio communications of the user device; and
determining a hopping sequence of the user device based at least in part on the master identifier and the clock information. | An apparatus in an illustrative embodiment comprises at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. The at least one processing device is configured to determine in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node, to replicate at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network, and to track the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes. Tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes illustratively comprises performing the tracking without requiring each of the first and additional nodes to pair with the user device. Other illustrative embodiments include methods and computer program products.1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; said at least one processing device being configured: to determine in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node; to replicate at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network; and to track the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device implements at least one of the first and additional nodes of the node network. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device comprises at least an identifier of the user device and clock information of the user device. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device is further configured:
to determine a location of the user device based on at least in part on the tracking; and
to provide at least one service based at least in part on the location of the user device. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes comprises performing the tracking without requiring each of the first and additional nodes to pair with the user device. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
identifying the user device as having not been paired with any of the nodes of the node network; and
extracting at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device from the radio communications generated by the user device as part of its communication with another device with which it is paired. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
extracting an identifier from the radio communications of the user device;
extracting clock information from the radio communications of the user device; and
determining a hopping sequence of the user device based at least in part on the master identifier and the clock information. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the first node and the user device are paired with one another in a master-slave pairing arrangement, with one of the first node and the user device operating as a master device and the other of the first node and the user device operating as a slave device, and wherein the extracted identifier comprises one of a master device identifier and a slave device identifier. 9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the hopping sequence identifies a particular ad hoc wireless network with which the user device is associated and wherein tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes comprises monitoring communications between the user device and one or more other devices of the particular ad hoc wireless network. 10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein replicating at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network comprises replicating at least information characterizing the hopping sequence from the first node to the one or more additional nodes and wherein tracking the user device comprises tracking the user device based at least in part on the hopping sequence. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
initiating a pairing arrangement between the first node and the user device with the first node operating as a master device and the user device operating as a slave device;
requesting the user device to reverse master-slave roles with the first node; and
in conjunction with reversal of the master-slave roles, receiving in the first node from the user device a master device identifier of the user device and clock information of the user device, and determining in the first node a hopping sequence from the master device identifier and the clock information. 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
generating in the first node, in conjunction with a pairing of the first node and the user device, a link key shared by the first node and the user device;
wherein the link key is replicated from the first node to the one or more additional nodes of the node network as at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device. 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device is further configured:
to detect in a given one of the first and additional nodes one or more radio communications generated by the user device;
to generate at least one signal strength measure associated with the one or more detected radio communications; and
to provide information characterizing the one or more detected radio communications and said at least one signal strength measure to at least one of (i) another one of the first and additional nodes, and (ii) a central authority, in conjunction with the tracking of the user device. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one processing device is further configured:
to associate a policy with the user device in at least one of the first and additional nodes; and
to control generation of an output from said at least one of the first and additional nodes, in conjunction with the tracking of the user device, in accordance with the policy associated with the user device. 15. A method comprising:
determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node; replicating at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network; and tracking the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
identifying the user device as having not been paired with any of the nodes of the node network; and
extracting at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device from the radio communications generated by the user device as part of its communication with another device with which it is paired. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
extracting an identifier from the radio communications of the user device;
extracting clock information from the radio communications of the user device; and
determining a hopping sequence of the user device based at least in part on the master identifier and the clock information. 18. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes said at least one processing device:
to determine in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node; to replicate at least a portion of the identifying information from the first node to one or more additional nodes of the node network; and to track the user device utilizing the identifying information in the first node and the one or more additional nodes. 19. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
identifying the user device as having not been paired with any of the nodes of the node network; and
extracting at least a portion of the identifying information sufficient for tracking the user device from the radio communications generated by the user device as part of its communication with another device with which it is paired. 20. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein determining in a first node of a node network identifying information sufficient for tracking a user device that generates radio communications detectable by at least the first node comprises:
extracting an identifier from the radio communications of the user device;
extracting clock information from the radio communications of the user device; and
determining a hopping sequence of the user device based at least in part on the master identifier and the clock information. | 2,800 |
343,333 | 16,802,727 | 2,481 | A method and system provides for generating visual animation, including capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set. The method and system includes determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene and capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. Therein, the method and system provides for electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene. | 1. A method for generating visual animation, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the second with a fixed camera, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the visual animation object is at least a portion of a puppet. 9. A method for generating visual animation of a puppet character, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a first user operating a first portion of the puppet character including a first puppet tracking marker, capturing the second take using a fixed camera and moving a moveable platform based on the movement track; capturing a third take of the scene with a second user operating a second portion of the puppet character including a second puppet tracking marker using the fixed camera and moving the moveable platform based on the movement track; and electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take, the second take, and the third track to generate an output scene. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the scene tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon, the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the first take of the scene using a background set. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the scene and the third take of the scene using greenscreen technology. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first tracking marker is located adjacent to a location where the second portion of the puppet character will connect with the first portion of the puppet character and the second marker is located adjacent to a location where the first portion of the puppet character will connect with the second portion of the puppet character. 17. A system for generating visual animation, the system comprising:
a background set having a scene tracking marker disposed therein; a moveable camera operative to capture, a first take of a scene within the background set having the scene tracking marker therein; a first processing device, in response to the first take of scene and the scene tracking marker captured therein, operative to determine a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of the scene; a moveable platform having a greenscreen set disposed thereon and the moveable platform having an animation object controlled by a user therein; a fixed camera operative to capture a second take of the scene with the user controlling the animation object, the moveable platform being moved based on the movement track; and a second processing device electronically generating an output scene with visual animation by merging the first take of the scene and the second take of the scene. 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
the first processing device, in response to the first take of the scene, operative to determine camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
at least one marker element disposed on the scene tracking marker, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon and the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 20. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
a third processing device operative to electronically insert the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. | A method and system provides for generating visual animation, including capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set. The method and system includes determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene and capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. Therein, the method and system provides for electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene.1. A method for generating visual animation, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the second with a fixed camera, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the visual animation object is at least a portion of a puppet. 9. A method for generating visual animation of a puppet character, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a first user operating a first portion of the puppet character including a first puppet tracking marker, capturing the second take using a fixed camera and moving a moveable platform based on the movement track; capturing a third take of the scene with a second user operating a second portion of the puppet character including a second puppet tracking marker using the fixed camera and moving the moveable platform based on the movement track; and electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take, the second take, and the third track to generate an output scene. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the scene tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon, the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the first take of the scene using a background set. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the scene and the third take of the scene using greenscreen technology. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first tracking marker is located adjacent to a location where the second portion of the puppet character will connect with the first portion of the puppet character and the second marker is located adjacent to a location where the first portion of the puppet character will connect with the second portion of the puppet character. 17. A system for generating visual animation, the system comprising:
a background set having a scene tracking marker disposed therein; a moveable camera operative to capture, a first take of a scene within the background set having the scene tracking marker therein; a first processing device, in response to the first take of scene and the scene tracking marker captured therein, operative to determine a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of the scene; a moveable platform having a greenscreen set disposed thereon and the moveable platform having an animation object controlled by a user therein; a fixed camera operative to capture a second take of the scene with the user controlling the animation object, the moveable platform being moved based on the movement track; and a second processing device electronically generating an output scene with visual animation by merging the first take of the scene and the second take of the scene. 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
the first processing device, in response to the first take of the scene, operative to determine camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
at least one marker element disposed on the scene tracking marker, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon and the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 20. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
a third processing device operative to electronically insert the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. | 2,400 |
343,334 | 16,802,757 | 2,481 | A method and system provides for generating visual animation, including capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set. The method and system includes determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene and capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. Therein, the method and system provides for electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene. | 1. A method for generating visual animation, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the second with a fixed camera, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the visual animation object is at least a portion of a puppet. 9. A method for generating visual animation of a puppet character, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a first user operating a first portion of the puppet character including a first puppet tracking marker, capturing the second take using a fixed camera and moving a moveable platform based on the movement track; capturing a third take of the scene with a second user operating a second portion of the puppet character including a second puppet tracking marker using the fixed camera and moving the moveable platform based on the movement track; and electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take, the second take, and the third track to generate an output scene. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the scene tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon, the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the first take of the scene using a background set. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the scene and the third take of the scene using greenscreen technology. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first tracking marker is located adjacent to a location where the second portion of the puppet character will connect with the first portion of the puppet character and the second marker is located adjacent to a location where the first portion of the puppet character will connect with the second portion of the puppet character. 17. A system for generating visual animation, the system comprising:
a background set having a scene tracking marker disposed therein; a moveable camera operative to capture, a first take of a scene within the background set having the scene tracking marker therein; a first processing device, in response to the first take of scene and the scene tracking marker captured therein, operative to determine a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of the scene; a moveable platform having a greenscreen set disposed thereon and the moveable platform having an animation object controlled by a user therein; a fixed camera operative to capture a second take of the scene with the user controlling the animation object, the moveable platform being moved based on the movement track; and a second processing device electronically generating an output scene with visual animation by merging the first take of the scene and the second take of the scene. 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
the first processing device, in response to the first take of the scene, operative to determine camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
at least one marker element disposed on the scene tracking marker, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon and the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 20. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
a third processing device operative to electronically insert the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. | A method and system provides for generating visual animation, including capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set. The method and system includes determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene and capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. Therein, the method and system provides for electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene.1. A method for generating visual animation, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within a background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a user operating a visual animation object on a moveable platform, capturing the second take using with moving the moveable platform based on the movement track. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take and the second take to generate an output scene. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the second with a fixed camera, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the visual animation object is at least a portion of a puppet. 9. A method for generating visual animation of a puppet character, the method comprising:
capturing a first take of a scene with a moveable camera, the first take of the scene including a scene tracking marker disposed within background set; determining a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of scene; capturing a second take of the scene with a first user operating a first portion of the puppet character including a first puppet tracking marker, capturing the second take using a fixed camera and moving a moveable platform based on the movement track; capturing a third take of the scene with a second user operating a second portion of the puppet character including a second puppet tracking marker using the fixed camera and moving the moveable platform based on the movement track; and electronically merging, using a computer processing device, the first take, the second take, and the third track to generate an output scene. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the movement track for the second take includes camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the scene tracking marker includes a plurality of marker elements, the method further comprising:
electronically processing the first take of the scene, using a computer processing device, and electronically determining the movement track based on the plurality of marker elements. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon, the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
electronically inserting the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the first take of the scene using a background set. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
capturing the second take of the scene and the third take of the scene using greenscreen technology. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the first tracking marker is located adjacent to a location where the second portion of the puppet character will connect with the first portion of the puppet character and the second marker is located adjacent to a location where the first portion of the puppet character will connect with the second portion of the puppet character. 17. A system for generating visual animation, the system comprising:
a background set having a scene tracking marker disposed therein; a moveable camera operative to capture, a first take of a scene within the background set having the scene tracking marker therein; a first processing device, in response to the first take of scene and the scene tracking marker captured therein, operative to determine a movement track of the moveable camera during the capturing of the first take of the scene; a moveable platform having a greenscreen set disposed thereon and the moveable platform having an animation object controlled by a user therein; a fixed camera operative to capture a second take of the scene with the user controlling the animation object, the moveable platform being moved based on the movement track; and a second processing device electronically generating an output scene with visual animation by merging the first take of the scene and the second take of the scene. 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
the first processing device, in response to the first take of the scene, operative to determine camera zoom instructions for the fixed camera. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
at least one marker element disposed on the scene tracking marker, wherein one of the marker elements is a disc having a plurality of rotational notations thereon and the movement track includes rotation instructions for rotating the moveable platform, the rotation instructions generated based on the disc and the rotational notations. 20. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
a third processing device operative to electronically insert the scene tracking marker within the first take of the scene using a computerized video processing operation. | 2,400 |
343,335 | 16,802,767 | 2,481 | A terminal apparatus, a base station apparatus, a communication method, an integrated circuit, and a radio communication system are provided that enable a base station apparatus and a terminal apparatus to determine parameters relating to an uplink reference signal and efficiently communicate with each other. A terminal apparatus that transmits a demodulation reference signal, the terminal apparatus comprising: means for receiving a cell-specific parameter used for enabling or disabling a sequence group hopping, means for a user-equipment-specific parameter used for disabling the sequence group hopping, and means for generating a sequence of the demodulation reference signal on the basis of the enabled or disabled sequence group hopping, wherein, in a case that a transmission on the physical uplink shared channel corresponding to a downlink control information format to which CRC parity bits scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI are attached, the sequence group hopping is enabled or disabled on the basis of the cell-specific parameter. | 1. (canceled) 2. A user equipment comprising:
receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a base station apparatus, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping, the receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the base station apparatus, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the base station apparatus, a demodulation reference signal associated with a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 3. The user equipment according to claim 2, wherein
for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. 4. A base station apparatus comprising:
transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a user equipment, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping, the transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the user equipment, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the user equipment, a demodulation reference signal associated with a reception of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 5. The base station apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. 6. A communication method for a user equipment, comprising:
receiving, from a base station apparatus, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping; receiving, from the base station apparatus, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and transmitting, to the base station apparatus, a demodulation reference signal associated with a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein
for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. 8. A communication method for a base station apparatus, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping; transmitting, to the user equipment, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and receiving, from the user equipment, a demodulation reference signal associated with a reception of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 9. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein
for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. | A terminal apparatus, a base station apparatus, a communication method, an integrated circuit, and a radio communication system are provided that enable a base station apparatus and a terminal apparatus to determine parameters relating to an uplink reference signal and efficiently communicate with each other. A terminal apparatus that transmits a demodulation reference signal, the terminal apparatus comprising: means for receiving a cell-specific parameter used for enabling or disabling a sequence group hopping, means for a user-equipment-specific parameter used for disabling the sequence group hopping, and means for generating a sequence of the demodulation reference signal on the basis of the enabled or disabled sequence group hopping, wherein, in a case that a transmission on the physical uplink shared channel corresponding to a downlink control information format to which CRC parity bits scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI are attached, the sequence group hopping is enabled or disabled on the basis of the cell-specific parameter.1. (canceled) 2. A user equipment comprising:
receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a base station apparatus, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping, the receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the base station apparatus, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the base station apparatus, a demodulation reference signal associated with a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 3. The user equipment according to claim 2, wherein
for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. 4. A base station apparatus comprising:
transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a user equipment, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping, the transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the user equipment, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the user equipment, a demodulation reference signal associated with a reception of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 5. The base station apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. 6. A communication method for a user equipment, comprising:
receiving, from a base station apparatus, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping; receiving, from the base station apparatus, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and transmitting, to the base station apparatus, a demodulation reference signal associated with a transmission of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein
for a transmission of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. 8. A communication method for a base station apparatus, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment, a first parameter used to enable or disable a group hopping; transmitting, to the user equipment, a second parameter used to disable the sequence group hopping; and receiving, from the user equipment, a demodulation reference signal associated with a reception of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a reference signal sequence of the demodulation reference signal being generated based on whether the group hopping is enabled or disabled, wherein for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using a random access response grant, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter, and for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using downlink control information (DCI) format with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a cell-radio network temporary identifier, the group hopping is disabled based on the second parameter. 9. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein
for a reception of a PUSCH scheduled by using DCI with CRC scrambled by a temporary C-RNTI, the group hopping is enabled or disabled based on the first parameter. | 2,400 |
343,336 | 16,802,765 | 3,762 | A control knob lockout device for rendering knobs of a stove inoperable includes a pair of latches, a pair of keepers, and a housing. The latches are mountable to a stove so that the latches are positioned singly proximate to opposed sides of the stove. The latches also are positioned in substantial alignment with a set of control knobs that is engaged to a surface of the stove. The housing defines an interior space and has a rear face. The rear face has an opening positioned therein to insert the set of control knobs so that the housing is positioned thereover. The pair of keepers is engaged to a front face of the housing. Each keeper is positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and selectively engages a respective latch to fixedly position the housing over the set of control knobs. | 1. A control knob lockout device comprising:
a pair of latches configured to be mountable to a stove, such that the latches are positioned singly proximate to opposed sides of the stove and in substantial alignment with a set of control knobs engaged to a surface of the stove; a housing defining an interior space, the housing having a rear face, the rear face having an opening positioned therein, wherein the opening is configured for inserting the set of control knobs such that the housing is positioned thereover; and a pair of keepers engaged to a front face of the housing, each keeper being positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and being configured for selectively engaging a respective latch for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 2. The control knob lockout device of claim 1, wherein:
each latch comprises:
a first section configured to be mountable to the stove, such that a first terminus of the first section extends from the stove proximate to the set of control knobs,
a first hinge engaged to the first terminus of the first section, and
a second section engaged to the first hinge, the second section having a slot positioned therein distal from the first hinge; and
each keeper comprises a locking eye, such that a respective slot is positioned for inserting the locking eye, wherein the locking eye is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 3. The control knob lockout device of claim 2, further including a second hinge positioned in the first section defining a first subsection and a second subsection of the first section, such that the second hinge is positioned proximate to the surface of the stove when the first subsection is mounted to the stove, positioning the second hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsection and the second section in substantial abutment with the first subsection. 4. The control knob lockout device of claim 1, wherein the opening defines a rim extending from opposed ends, a top, and a bottom of the housing into the rear face, wherein the rim is configured for abutting the surface of the stove when the housing is positioned over the set of control knobs, for stabilizing the housing relative to the stove. 5. The control knob lockout device of claim 1, further including:
a hasp engaged to the housing substantially equally distant from the opposed ends of the housing; and a strike configured to be mountable to the stove proximate to the set of control knobs, such that the strike is positioned substantially equally distant from the opposed sides of the stove, the strike being configured for selectively engaging the hasp for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 6. The control knob lockout device of claim 5, wherein:
the hasp comprises:
a first segment engaged to the front face the housing, such that a first endpoint of the first segment extends past the top of the housing,
a primary hinge engaged to the first endpoint of the first segment, and
a second segment engaged to the primary hinge, the second segment having an aperture positioned therein distal from the primary hinge; and
the strike comprises a locking ring, such that the aperture is positioned for inserting the locking ring, wherein the locking ring is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 7. The control knob lockout device of claim 6, further including a secondary hinge positioned in the first segment defining a first subsegment and a second subsegment of the first segment, the first subsegment being engaged to the housing such that the secondary hinge is positioned proximate to a top of the housing, positioning the secondary hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsegment and the second segment in substantial abutment with the first subsegment. 8. A control knob lockout device and stove combination comprising:
a stove having a set of control knobs engaged to a surface thereof; a pair of latches mounted singly to opposed sides of the stove, such that the latches are positioned in substantial alignment with the set of control knobs; a housing defining an interior space, the housing having a rear face, the rear face having an opening positioned therein, such that the set of control knobs is selectively insertable into the opening for positioning the housing thereover; and a pair of keepers engaged to a front face of the housing, each keeper being positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and being configured for selectively engaging a respective latch for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 9. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 8, wherein:
each latch comprises:
a first section configured to be mountable to the stove, such that a first terminus of the first section extends from the stove proximate to the set of control knobs,
a first hinge engaged to the first terminus of the first section, and
a second section engaged to the first hinge, the second section having a slot positioned therein distal from the first hinge; and
each keeper comprises a locking eye, such that a respective slot is positioned for inserting the locking eye, wherein the locking eye is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 10. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 9, further including a second hinge positioned in the first section defining a first subsection and a second subsection of the first section, such that the second hinge is positioned proximate to the surface of the stove when the first subsection is mounted to the stove, positioning the second hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsection and the second section in substantial abutment with the first subsection. 11. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 8, wherein the opening defines a rim extending from opposed ends, a top, and a bottom of the housing into the rear face, wherein the rim is configured for abutting the surface of the stove when the housing is positioned over the set of control knobs, for stabilizing the housing relative to the stove. 12. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 8, further including:
a hasp engaged to the housing substantially equally distant from the opposed ends of the housing; and a strike configured to be mountable to the stove proximate to the set of control knobs, such that the strike is positioned substantially equally distant from the opposed sides of the stove, the strike being configured for selectively engaging the hasp for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 13. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 12, wherein:
the hasp comprises:
a first segment engaged to the front face the housing, such that a first endpoint of the first segment extends past the top of the housing,
a primary hinge engaged to the first endpoint of the first segment, and
a second segment engaged to the primary hinge, the second segment having an aperture positioned therein distal from the primary hinge; and
the strike comprises a locking ring, such that the aperture is positioned for inserting the locking ring, wherein the locking ring is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 14. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 13, further including a secondary hinge positioned in the first segment defining a first subsegment and a second subsegment of the first segment, the first subsegment being engaged to the housing such that the secondary hinge is positioned proximate to a top of the housing, positioning the secondary hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsegment and the second segment in substantial abutment with the first subsegment. 15. A control knob lockout device comprising:
a pair of latches configured to be mountable to a stove, such that the latches are positioned singly proximate to opposed sides of the stove and in substantial alignment with a set of control knobs engaged to a surface of the stove, each latch comprising:
a first section configured to be mountable to the stove, such that a first terminus of the first section extends from the stove proximate to the set of control knobs,
a first hinge engaged to the first terminus of the first section,
a second section engaged to the first hinge, the second section having a slot positioned therein distal from the first hinge, and
a second hinge positioned in the first section defining a first subsection and a second subsection of the first section, such that the second hinge is positioned proximate to the surface of the stove when the first subsection is mounted to the stove, positioning the second hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsection and the second section in substantial abutment with the first subsection;
a housing defining an interior space, the housing having a rear face, the rear face having an opening positioned therein, wherein the opening is configured for inserting the set of control knobs such that the housing is positioned thereover, the opening defining a rim extending from opposed ends, a top, and a bottom of the housing into the rear face, wherein the rim is configured for abutting the surface of the stove when the housing is positioned over the set of control knobs, for stabilizing the housing relative to the stove; a pair of keepers engaged to a front face of the housing, each keeper being positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and being configured for selectively engaging a respective latch for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs, each keeper comprising a locking eye, such that a respective slot is positioned for inserting the locking eye, wherein the locking eye is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible; a hasp engaged to the housing substantially equally distant from the opposed ends of the housing, the hasp comprising:
a first segment engaged to the front face the housing, such that a first endpoint of the first segment extends past the top of the housing,
a primary hinge engaged to the first endpoint of the first segment,
a second segment engaged to the primary hinge, the second segment having an aperture positioned therein distal from the primary hinge, and
a secondary hinge positioned in the first segment defining a first subsegment and a second subsegment of the first segment, the first subsegment being engaged to the housing such that the secondary hinge is positioned proximate to the top of the housing, positioning the secondary hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsegment and the second segment in substantial abutment with the first subsegment; and
a strike configured to be mountable to the stove proximate to the set of control knobs, such that the strike is positioned substantially equally distant from the opposed sides of the stove, the strike being configured for selectively engaging the hasp for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs, the strike comprising a locking ring, such that the aperture is positioned for inserting the locking ring, wherein the locking ring is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. | A control knob lockout device for rendering knobs of a stove inoperable includes a pair of latches, a pair of keepers, and a housing. The latches are mountable to a stove so that the latches are positioned singly proximate to opposed sides of the stove. The latches also are positioned in substantial alignment with a set of control knobs that is engaged to a surface of the stove. The housing defines an interior space and has a rear face. The rear face has an opening positioned therein to insert the set of control knobs so that the housing is positioned thereover. The pair of keepers is engaged to a front face of the housing. Each keeper is positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and selectively engages a respective latch to fixedly position the housing over the set of control knobs.1. A control knob lockout device comprising:
a pair of latches configured to be mountable to a stove, such that the latches are positioned singly proximate to opposed sides of the stove and in substantial alignment with a set of control knobs engaged to a surface of the stove; a housing defining an interior space, the housing having a rear face, the rear face having an opening positioned therein, wherein the opening is configured for inserting the set of control knobs such that the housing is positioned thereover; and a pair of keepers engaged to a front face of the housing, each keeper being positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and being configured for selectively engaging a respective latch for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 2. The control knob lockout device of claim 1, wherein:
each latch comprises:
a first section configured to be mountable to the stove, such that a first terminus of the first section extends from the stove proximate to the set of control knobs,
a first hinge engaged to the first terminus of the first section, and
a second section engaged to the first hinge, the second section having a slot positioned therein distal from the first hinge; and
each keeper comprises a locking eye, such that a respective slot is positioned for inserting the locking eye, wherein the locking eye is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 3. The control knob lockout device of claim 2, further including a second hinge positioned in the first section defining a first subsection and a second subsection of the first section, such that the second hinge is positioned proximate to the surface of the stove when the first subsection is mounted to the stove, positioning the second hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsection and the second section in substantial abutment with the first subsection. 4. The control knob lockout device of claim 1, wherein the opening defines a rim extending from opposed ends, a top, and a bottom of the housing into the rear face, wherein the rim is configured for abutting the surface of the stove when the housing is positioned over the set of control knobs, for stabilizing the housing relative to the stove. 5. The control knob lockout device of claim 1, further including:
a hasp engaged to the housing substantially equally distant from the opposed ends of the housing; and a strike configured to be mountable to the stove proximate to the set of control knobs, such that the strike is positioned substantially equally distant from the opposed sides of the stove, the strike being configured for selectively engaging the hasp for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 6. The control knob lockout device of claim 5, wherein:
the hasp comprises:
a first segment engaged to the front face the housing, such that a first endpoint of the first segment extends past the top of the housing,
a primary hinge engaged to the first endpoint of the first segment, and
a second segment engaged to the primary hinge, the second segment having an aperture positioned therein distal from the primary hinge; and
the strike comprises a locking ring, such that the aperture is positioned for inserting the locking ring, wherein the locking ring is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 7. The control knob lockout device of claim 6, further including a secondary hinge positioned in the first segment defining a first subsegment and a second subsegment of the first segment, the first subsegment being engaged to the housing such that the secondary hinge is positioned proximate to a top of the housing, positioning the secondary hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsegment and the second segment in substantial abutment with the first subsegment. 8. A control knob lockout device and stove combination comprising:
a stove having a set of control knobs engaged to a surface thereof; a pair of latches mounted singly to opposed sides of the stove, such that the latches are positioned in substantial alignment with the set of control knobs; a housing defining an interior space, the housing having a rear face, the rear face having an opening positioned therein, such that the set of control knobs is selectively insertable into the opening for positioning the housing thereover; and a pair of keepers engaged to a front face of the housing, each keeper being positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and being configured for selectively engaging a respective latch for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 9. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 8, wherein:
each latch comprises:
a first section configured to be mountable to the stove, such that a first terminus of the first section extends from the stove proximate to the set of control knobs,
a first hinge engaged to the first terminus of the first section, and
a second section engaged to the first hinge, the second section having a slot positioned therein distal from the first hinge; and
each keeper comprises a locking eye, such that a respective slot is positioned for inserting the locking eye, wherein the locking eye is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 10. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 9, further including a second hinge positioned in the first section defining a first subsection and a second subsection of the first section, such that the second hinge is positioned proximate to the surface of the stove when the first subsection is mounted to the stove, positioning the second hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsection and the second section in substantial abutment with the first subsection. 11. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 8, wherein the opening defines a rim extending from opposed ends, a top, and a bottom of the housing into the rear face, wherein the rim is configured for abutting the surface of the stove when the housing is positioned over the set of control knobs, for stabilizing the housing relative to the stove. 12. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 8, further including:
a hasp engaged to the housing substantially equally distant from the opposed ends of the housing; and a strike configured to be mountable to the stove proximate to the set of control knobs, such that the strike is positioned substantially equally distant from the opposed sides of the stove, the strike being configured for selectively engaging the hasp for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs. 13. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 12, wherein:
the hasp comprises:
a first segment engaged to the front face the housing, such that a first endpoint of the first segment extends past the top of the housing,
a primary hinge engaged to the first endpoint of the first segment, and
a second segment engaged to the primary hinge, the second segment having an aperture positioned therein distal from the primary hinge; and
the strike comprises a locking ring, such that the aperture is positioned for inserting the locking ring, wherein the locking ring is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. 14. The control knob lockout device and stove combination of claim 13, further including a secondary hinge positioned in the first segment defining a first subsegment and a second subsegment of the first segment, the first subsegment being engaged to the housing such that the secondary hinge is positioned proximate to a top of the housing, positioning the secondary hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsegment and the second segment in substantial abutment with the first subsegment. 15. A control knob lockout device comprising:
a pair of latches configured to be mountable to a stove, such that the latches are positioned singly proximate to opposed sides of the stove and in substantial alignment with a set of control knobs engaged to a surface of the stove, each latch comprising:
a first section configured to be mountable to the stove, such that a first terminus of the first section extends from the stove proximate to the set of control knobs,
a first hinge engaged to the first terminus of the first section,
a second section engaged to the first hinge, the second section having a slot positioned therein distal from the first hinge, and
a second hinge positioned in the first section defining a first subsection and a second subsection of the first section, such that the second hinge is positioned proximate to the surface of the stove when the first subsection is mounted to the stove, positioning the second hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsection and the second section in substantial abutment with the first subsection;
a housing defining an interior space, the housing having a rear face, the rear face having an opening positioned therein, wherein the opening is configured for inserting the set of control knobs such that the housing is positioned thereover, the opening defining a rim extending from opposed ends, a top, and a bottom of the housing into the rear face, wherein the rim is configured for abutting the surface of the stove when the housing is positioned over the set of control knobs, for stabilizing the housing relative to the stove; a pair of keepers engaged to a front face of the housing, each keeper being positioned proximate to a respective opposed end of the housing and being configured for selectively engaging a respective latch for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs, each keeper comprising a locking eye, such that a respective slot is positioned for inserting the locking eye, wherein the locking eye is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible; a hasp engaged to the housing substantially equally distant from the opposed ends of the housing, the hasp comprising:
a first segment engaged to the front face the housing, such that a first endpoint of the first segment extends past the top of the housing,
a primary hinge engaged to the first endpoint of the first segment,
a second segment engaged to the primary hinge, the second segment having an aperture positioned therein distal from the primary hinge, and
a secondary hinge positioned in the first segment defining a first subsegment and a second subsegment of the first segment, the first subsegment being engaged to the housing such that the secondary hinge is positioned proximate to the top of the housing, positioning the secondary hinge for hinging for selectively positioning the second subsegment and the second segment in substantial abutment with the first subsegment; and
a strike configured to be mountable to the stove proximate to the set of control knobs, such that the strike is positioned substantially equally distant from the opposed sides of the stove, the strike being configured for selectively engaging the hasp for fixedly positioning the housing over the set of control knobs, the strike comprising a locking ring, such that the aperture is positioned for inserting the locking ring, wherein the locking ring is configured for inserting a shackle of a respective padlock for selectively securing the housing to the stove for rendering the set of control knobs inaccessible. | 3,700 |
343,337 | 16,802,744 | 3,762 | System and methods are provided to regulate sales of a product in an online store using computer-implemented delays. The computer-implemented delays can, for example, help mitigate the use of bots in the online store, provide different customers with equal access to the product and/or provide certain customers with priority access to the product. According to an embodiment, a method includes receiving an indication that a user intends to purchase an item of a product in an online store, and determining a delay for a sale of the item to the user to regulate sales of the product. Before completing the sale of the item to the user, the delay is implemented in the online store. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving an indication that a user intends to purchase an item of a product in an online store associated with a computing system; determining a configured delay for a sale of the item to the user to regulate sales of the product, wherein the configured delay is in addition to a system delay inherent to the computing system; implementing the configured delay in the online store; and after implementing the configured delay in the online store, initiating the sale of the item to the user. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, further to the initiating of the sale of the item to the user:
completing the sale of the item to the user; or determining that an inventory of the product has been depleted and outputting an indication that the sale cannot be completed. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a priority of the user, wherein determining the configured delay is based on the priority of the user. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the priority of the user comprises determining the priority based on an assessment that the user is using an automated application to access the online store. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the priority of the user comprises determining the priority based on a purchase history of the user. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises determining a fixed delay for the sales of the product. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein implementing the configured delay in the online store comprises delaying execution of one or more steps of a checkout process for the item. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein implementing the configured delay in the online store comprises delaying transmission of content to a device associated with the user. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein implementing the configured delay in the online store comprises:
requesting input from the user; receiving the input from the user; determining, after receiving the input from the user, that an elapsed time is less than the configured delay; and requesting further input from the user. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receiving a selection of the product in the online store. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receiving an application programming interface call to purchase the item of the product. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a merchant associated with the product, a request to regulate the sales of the product; and storing the request in memory, wherein determining the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises determining that the sales of the product are regulated. 13. A system comprising:
memory to store an indication that a user intends to purchase an item of a product in an online store associated with a computing system; and at least one processor to: determine a configured delay for a sale of the item to the user to regulate sales of the product, wherein the configured delay is in addition to a system delay inherent to the computing system; implement the configured delay in the online store; and after the configured delay is implemented in the online store, initiate the sale of the item to the user. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further to, after the sale of the item to the user is initiated:
complete the sale of the item to the user when an inventory of the product has not been depleted; and output an indication that the sale cannot be completed when the inventory of the product has been depleted. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further to obtain a priority of the user, wherein the configured delay is based on the priority of the user. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the priority is based on an assessment that the user is using an automated application to access the online store. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the priority is based on a purchase history of the user. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises a fixed delay for the sales of the product. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises a delay in execution of one or more steps of a checkout process for the item. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises a delay in transmission of content to a device associated with the user. 21. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further to:
request input from the user; receive the input from the user; determine, after receiving the input from the user, if an elapsed time is less than the configured delay; and request further input from the user when the elapsed time is less than the configured delay. 22. The system of claim 13, wherein the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receipt of a selection of the product, by the user, in the online store. 23. The system of claim 13, wherein the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receipt of an application programming interface call, sent by the user, to purchase the item of the product. 24. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the at least one processor is further to receive, from a merchant associated with the product, a request to regulate the sales of the product, and to determine, based on the request, that the sales of the product are regulated; and the memory is further to store the request. | System and methods are provided to regulate sales of a product in an online store using computer-implemented delays. The computer-implemented delays can, for example, help mitigate the use of bots in the online store, provide different customers with equal access to the product and/or provide certain customers with priority access to the product. According to an embodiment, a method includes receiving an indication that a user intends to purchase an item of a product in an online store, and determining a delay for a sale of the item to the user to regulate sales of the product. Before completing the sale of the item to the user, the delay is implemented in the online store.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving an indication that a user intends to purchase an item of a product in an online store associated with a computing system; determining a configured delay for a sale of the item to the user to regulate sales of the product, wherein the configured delay is in addition to a system delay inherent to the computing system; implementing the configured delay in the online store; and after implementing the configured delay in the online store, initiating the sale of the item to the user. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, further to the initiating of the sale of the item to the user:
completing the sale of the item to the user; or determining that an inventory of the product has been depleted and outputting an indication that the sale cannot be completed. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a priority of the user, wherein determining the configured delay is based on the priority of the user. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the priority of the user comprises determining the priority based on an assessment that the user is using an automated application to access the online store. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the priority of the user comprises determining the priority based on a purchase history of the user. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises determining a fixed delay for the sales of the product. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein implementing the configured delay in the online store comprises delaying execution of one or more steps of a checkout process for the item. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein implementing the configured delay in the online store comprises delaying transmission of content to a device associated with the user. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein implementing the configured delay in the online store comprises:
requesting input from the user; receiving the input from the user; determining, after receiving the input from the user, that an elapsed time is less than the configured delay; and requesting further input from the user. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receiving a selection of the product in the online store. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receiving an application programming interface call to purchase the item of the product. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a merchant associated with the product, a request to regulate the sales of the product; and storing the request in memory, wherein determining the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises determining that the sales of the product are regulated. 13. A system comprising:
memory to store an indication that a user intends to purchase an item of a product in an online store associated with a computing system; and at least one processor to: determine a configured delay for a sale of the item to the user to regulate sales of the product, wherein the configured delay is in addition to a system delay inherent to the computing system; implement the configured delay in the online store; and after the configured delay is implemented in the online store, initiate the sale of the item to the user. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further to, after the sale of the item to the user is initiated:
complete the sale of the item to the user when an inventory of the product has not been depleted; and output an indication that the sale cannot be completed when the inventory of the product has been depleted. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further to obtain a priority of the user, wherein the configured delay is based on the priority of the user. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the priority is based on an assessment that the user is using an automated application to access the online store. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the priority is based on a purchase history of the user. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises a fixed delay for the sales of the product. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises a delay in execution of one or more steps of a checkout process for the item. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein the configured delay for the sale of the item to the user comprises a delay in transmission of content to a device associated with the user. 21. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further to:
request input from the user; receive the input from the user; determine, after receiving the input from the user, if an elapsed time is less than the configured delay; and request further input from the user when the elapsed time is less than the configured delay. 22. The system of claim 13, wherein the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receipt of a selection of the product, by the user, in the online store. 23. The system of claim 13, wherein the indication that the user intends to purchase the item of the product through the online store comprises receipt of an application programming interface call, sent by the user, to purchase the item of the product. 24. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the at least one processor is further to receive, from a merchant associated with the product, a request to regulate the sales of the product, and to determine, based on the request, that the sales of the product are regulated; and the memory is further to store the request. | 3,700 |
343,338 | 16,802,760 | 3,762 | The present invention provides a super water-repellent film having high transparency, super water repellency, and antistatic properties. The super water-repellent film includes a polymer layer including, on a surface of the polymer layer, a projection/recess structure in which projections are provided at a pitch equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light; and a transparent conductive particle disposed in a recess provided between the projections. The polymer layer is a cured product of a polymerizable composition containing a polyfunctional acrylate, a monofunctional acrylate, and a fluorine-containing release agent containing a perfluoropolyether group. The transparent conductive particle is disposed at a position in the recess deeper than tips of the projections. The tips are exposed on an outermost surface of the super water-repellent film. | 1. A super water-repellent film comprising:
a polymer layer including, on a surface of the polymer layer, a projection/recess structure in which projections are provided at a pitch equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light; and a transparent conductive particle disposed in a recess provided between the projections, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition containing a polyfunctional acrylate, a monofunctional acrylate, and a fluorine-containing release agent containing a perfluoropolyether group, the transparent conductive particle being disposed at a position in the recess deeper than tips of the projections, and the tips being exposed on an outermost surface of the super water-repellent film. 2. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the transparent conductive particle includes an indium tin oxide particle. 3. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the transparent conductive particle has an average particle size of 2 to 50 nm. 4. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the projections provide an average aspect ratio of 2 or more and 5 or less. 5. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the monofunctional acrylate contains at least one of N-acryloylmorpholine or N, N-dimethylacrylamide. | The present invention provides a super water-repellent film having high transparency, super water repellency, and antistatic properties. The super water-repellent film includes a polymer layer including, on a surface of the polymer layer, a projection/recess structure in which projections are provided at a pitch equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light; and a transparent conductive particle disposed in a recess provided between the projections. The polymer layer is a cured product of a polymerizable composition containing a polyfunctional acrylate, a monofunctional acrylate, and a fluorine-containing release agent containing a perfluoropolyether group. The transparent conductive particle is disposed at a position in the recess deeper than tips of the projections. The tips are exposed on an outermost surface of the super water-repellent film.1. A super water-repellent film comprising:
a polymer layer including, on a surface of the polymer layer, a projection/recess structure in which projections are provided at a pitch equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light; and a transparent conductive particle disposed in a recess provided between the projections, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition containing a polyfunctional acrylate, a monofunctional acrylate, and a fluorine-containing release agent containing a perfluoropolyether group, the transparent conductive particle being disposed at a position in the recess deeper than tips of the projections, and the tips being exposed on an outermost surface of the super water-repellent film. 2. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the transparent conductive particle includes an indium tin oxide particle. 3. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the transparent conductive particle has an average particle size of 2 to 50 nm. 4. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the projections provide an average aspect ratio of 2 or more and 5 or less. 5. The super water-repellent film according to claim 1,
wherein the monofunctional acrylate contains at least one of N-acryloylmorpholine or N, N-dimethylacrylamide. | 3,700 |
343,339 | 16,802,737 | 3,762 | An image forming apparatus includes a notification portion configured to notify replenishment information for prompting replenishing a developing container with developer in a case where an index is equal to or larger than a preset threshold value. The index is set such that the index increases in accordance with rotation of the developer bearing member and decreases in accordance with replenishment of the developing container with the developer. An amount of increase of the index per predetermined amount of rotation of the developer bearing member is larger in a case where an amount of the developer in the developing container is smaller. An amount of decrease of the index according to the replenishment of the developing container with the developer is larger in a case where an amount of replenished developer is larger. | 1. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording material, the image forming apparatus comprising:
a rotatable image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image; a developing container configured to accommodate developer comprising toner; a developer bearing member configured to rotate while bearing the developer accommodated in the developing container and develop the electrostatic latent image born on the image bearing member into a toner image; a transfer member configured to transfer the toner image born on the image bearing member onto the recording material; and a notification portion configured to notify replenishment information for prompting replenishing the developing container with the developer in a case where an index is equal to or larger than a preset threshold value, wherein the index is set such that the index increases in accordance with rotation of the developer bearing member and decreases in accordance with replenishment of the developing container with the developer, wherein an amount of increase of the index per predetermined amount of rotation of the developer bearing member is larger in a case where an amount of the developer in the developing container is smaller, and wherein an amount of decrease of the index according to the replenishment of the developing container with the developer is larger in a case where an amount of replenished developer is larger. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of increase of the index per the predetermined amount of rotation of the developer bearing member is inversely proportional to the amount of the developer in the developing container, and
wherein in a case where the developing container is replenished with the developer, the index decreases in accordance with a ratio of the amount of the developer in the developing container before the replenishment to the amount of the developer in the developing container after the replenishment. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a potential difference between a potential of a region in a surface of the image bearing member where the electrostatic latent image is not formed and a voltage applied to the developer bearing member is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a regulation member that is disposed in an opening portion of the developing container where the developer bearing member is disposed and that is configured to regulate the amount of the developer born on the developer bearing member,
wherein a value of a voltage applied to the regulation member is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a value of a voltage applied to the transfer member is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a charging member configured to abut the image bearing member and charge a surface of the image bearing member,
wherein the image forming apparatus is configured to perform a cleaning operation of removing the toner attached to the charging member, and wherein frequency of the cleaning operation is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a detection portion configured to detect the amount of the developer in the developing container,
wherein the index is calculated on a basis of a detection result of the detection portion. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer bearing member is configured to collect, into the developing container, toner that is not transferred onto the recording material by the transfer member after being supplied to the image bearing member from the developer bearing member in a developing region where the image bearing member and the developer bearing member face each other and that is not used for development of the electrostatic latent image when reaching the developing region again by rotation of the image bearing member. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an agitation member configured to agitate the developer in the developing container; and a drive source configured to drive the developer bearing member and the agitation member. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display apparatus configured to display information as an image,
wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via the display apparatus. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via a display apparatus provided in an external apparatus by communicating with the external apparatus. 12. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording material, the image forming apparatus comprising:
a rotatable image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image; a developing container configured to accommodate developer comprising toner; a developer bearing member configured to rotate while bearing the developer accommodated in the developing container and develop the electrostatic latent image born on the image bearing member into a toner image; a transfer member configured to transfer the toner image born on the image bearing member onto the recording material; and a notification portion configured to notify replenishment information for prompting replenishing the developing container with the developer, wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information if an amount of the developer in the developing container has decreased to a first value in a case of repetitively performing image formation on the recording material after the developing container is replenished with a first amount of the developer in a state in which a predetermined amount of the developer is accommodated in the developing container, and wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information if the amount of the developer in the developing container has decreased to a second value smaller than the first value in a case of repetitively performing image formation on the recording material after the developing container is replenished with a second amount of the developer in a state in which the predetermined amount of the developer is accommodated in the developing container, the second value being smaller than the first value. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the developer bearing member is configured to collect, into the developing container, toner that is not transferred onto the recording material by the transfer member after being supplied to the image bearing member from the developer bearing member in a developing region where the image bearing member and the developer bearing member face each other and that is not used for development of the electrostatic latent image when reaching the developing region again by rotation of the image bearing member. 14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
an agitation member configured to agitate the developer in the developing container; and a drive source configured to drive the developer bearing member and the agitation member. 15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a display apparatus configured to display information as an image,
wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via the display apparatus. 16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via a display apparatus provided in an external apparatus by communicating with the external apparatus. | An image forming apparatus includes a notification portion configured to notify replenishment information for prompting replenishing a developing container with developer in a case where an index is equal to or larger than a preset threshold value. The index is set such that the index increases in accordance with rotation of the developer bearing member and decreases in accordance with replenishment of the developing container with the developer. An amount of increase of the index per predetermined amount of rotation of the developer bearing member is larger in a case where an amount of the developer in the developing container is smaller. An amount of decrease of the index according to the replenishment of the developing container with the developer is larger in a case where an amount of replenished developer is larger.1. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording material, the image forming apparatus comprising:
a rotatable image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image; a developing container configured to accommodate developer comprising toner; a developer bearing member configured to rotate while bearing the developer accommodated in the developing container and develop the electrostatic latent image born on the image bearing member into a toner image; a transfer member configured to transfer the toner image born on the image bearing member onto the recording material; and a notification portion configured to notify replenishment information for prompting replenishing the developing container with the developer in a case where an index is equal to or larger than a preset threshold value, wherein the index is set such that the index increases in accordance with rotation of the developer bearing member and decreases in accordance with replenishment of the developing container with the developer, wherein an amount of increase of the index per predetermined amount of rotation of the developer bearing member is larger in a case where an amount of the developer in the developing container is smaller, and wherein an amount of decrease of the index according to the replenishment of the developing container with the developer is larger in a case where an amount of replenished developer is larger. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of increase of the index per the predetermined amount of rotation of the developer bearing member is inversely proportional to the amount of the developer in the developing container, and
wherein in a case where the developing container is replenished with the developer, the index decreases in accordance with a ratio of the amount of the developer in the developing container before the replenishment to the amount of the developer in the developing container after the replenishment. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a potential difference between a potential of a region in a surface of the image bearing member where the electrostatic latent image is not formed and a voltage applied to the developer bearing member is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a regulation member that is disposed in an opening portion of the developing container where the developer bearing member is disposed and that is configured to regulate the amount of the developer born on the developer bearing member,
wherein a value of a voltage applied to the regulation member is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a value of a voltage applied to the transfer member is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a charging member configured to abut the image bearing member and charge a surface of the image bearing member,
wherein the image forming apparatus is configured to perform a cleaning operation of removing the toner attached to the charging member, and wherein frequency of the cleaning operation is changed in accordance with a value of the index. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a detection portion configured to detect the amount of the developer in the developing container,
wherein the index is calculated on a basis of a detection result of the detection portion. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer bearing member is configured to collect, into the developing container, toner that is not transferred onto the recording material by the transfer member after being supplied to the image bearing member from the developer bearing member in a developing region where the image bearing member and the developer bearing member face each other and that is not used for development of the electrostatic latent image when reaching the developing region again by rotation of the image bearing member. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an agitation member configured to agitate the developer in the developing container; and a drive source configured to drive the developer bearing member and the agitation member. 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display apparatus configured to display information as an image,
wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via the display apparatus. 11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via a display apparatus provided in an external apparatus by communicating with the external apparatus. 12. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording material, the image forming apparatus comprising:
a rotatable image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image; a developing container configured to accommodate developer comprising toner; a developer bearing member configured to rotate while bearing the developer accommodated in the developing container and develop the electrostatic latent image born on the image bearing member into a toner image; a transfer member configured to transfer the toner image born on the image bearing member onto the recording material; and a notification portion configured to notify replenishment information for prompting replenishing the developing container with the developer, wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information if an amount of the developer in the developing container has decreased to a first value in a case of repetitively performing image formation on the recording material after the developing container is replenished with a first amount of the developer in a state in which a predetermined amount of the developer is accommodated in the developing container, and wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information if the amount of the developer in the developing container has decreased to a second value smaller than the first value in a case of repetitively performing image formation on the recording material after the developing container is replenished with a second amount of the developer in a state in which the predetermined amount of the developer is accommodated in the developing container, the second value being smaller than the first value. 13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the developer bearing member is configured to collect, into the developing container, toner that is not transferred onto the recording material by the transfer member after being supplied to the image bearing member from the developer bearing member in a developing region where the image bearing member and the developer bearing member face each other and that is not used for development of the electrostatic latent image when reaching the developing region again by rotation of the image bearing member. 14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
an agitation member configured to agitate the developer in the developing container; and a drive source configured to drive the developer bearing member and the agitation member. 15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a display apparatus configured to display information as an image,
wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via the display apparatus. 16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the notification portion notifies the replenishment information via a display apparatus provided in an external apparatus by communicating with the external apparatus. | 3,700 |
343,340 | 16,802,740 | 3,762 | A catheter used for percutaneous endovascular procedures is described. The catheter is configured to be used for engagement and treatment of obstructive lesions in a patient's vasculature. The catheter includes a tube having a leading edge that is configured to score or cut a lesion in a vasculature. The tube may be an expandable outer tube, and placed around an inflatable inner tube, such that inflation of the inner tube expands the outer tube. Expansion of the inner tube may connect or laterally lock the inner tube to the outer tube, allowing both tubes to move in unison through the vasculature. The leading edge can score or cut lesions as it moves in the vasculature. | 1. An endovascular catheter system configured to remove a blockage in a vessel of a patient, the endovascular catheter comprising:
an inflatable inner tube configured to operate in a deflated configuration and an inflated configuration; and an expandable outer tube configured to advance longitudinally over the inner tube when the inner tube is in the deflated configuration, the outer tube including a leading edge having blockage-cutting features configured to remove at least a portion of the blockage in the vessel; wherein the outer tube is made of a radially-expandable material such that inflation of the inner tube to the inflated configuration when the outer tube is located about the inner tube causes the outer tube to expand radially. 2. The endovascular catheter system of claim 1, wherein the inner tube has a dedicated central lumen configured to travel along an outer surface of a guidewire. 3. The endovascular catheter system of claim 1, wherein the leading edge defines a circumference, and the blockage-cutting features extend from the circumference. 4. The endovascular catheter system of claim 3, wherein the outer tube extends along an axis, and the blockage-cutting features extend in a direction parallel to the axis. 5. The endovascular catheter system of claim 1, wherein the inner tube and outer tube are slideable relative to each other when the inner tube is in the deflated configuration. 6. The endovascular catheter system of claim 5, wherein the inner tube is locked to the outer tube when the inner tube is in the inflated configuration such that the inner tube and outer tube move in unison. 7. An endovascular catheter system comprising:
an inner tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end being a tapered distal end tapering radially inwardly; and a sleeve extending between a proximal end and a distal end and configured to slide over the inner tube, wherein the distal end of the sleeve and the tapered distal end of the inner tube define a radial gap therebetween, wherein the distal end of the sleeve includes blockage-cutting features configured to remove blockages within a blood vessel of a patient. 8. The endovascular catheter system of claim 7, wherein the inner tube is configured to operate in a deflated state and an inflated state. 9. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the sleeve is flexible such that the sleeve expands radially outward as the inner tube inflates to the inflated state. 10. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the sleeve is sized such that the sleeve can slide along the inner tube when operating in the deflated state. 11. The endovascular catheter system of claim 10, wherein inflation of the inner tube to the inflated state locks the sleeve to the inner tube. 12. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the sleeve extends along a length, and the blockage-cutting features extend from the distal end of the sleeve in a direction parallel to the length. 13. The endovascular catheter system of claim 12, wherein the blockage cutting features are teeth or serrations. 14. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the inner tube includes a dedicated central lumen configured to track along a guidewire. 15. A method for treating a blood vessel having blockages therein, the method comprising:
tracking an inner tube along a guidewire to a desired location in the blood vessel; then advancing an outer tube over the inner tube, wherein the outer tube includes blockage-cutting features; then inflating the inner tube to expand the outer tube; and then advancing the inner tube and outer tube together through the blood vessel to enable the blockage-cutting feature to cut blockages in the blood vessel. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of tracking includes tracking a dedicated central lumen of the inner tube along the guidewire. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising, after the step of advancing the inner tube and outer tube together, further inflating the inner tube to further expand the outer tube. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising, after the step of further inflating, further advancing the inner tube and outer tube together. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of inflating locks the outer tube to the inner tube. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising, after the step of advancing the inner tube and outer tube together, deflating the inner tube and retracting the outer tube from the vessel. | A catheter used for percutaneous endovascular procedures is described. The catheter is configured to be used for engagement and treatment of obstructive lesions in a patient's vasculature. The catheter includes a tube having a leading edge that is configured to score or cut a lesion in a vasculature. The tube may be an expandable outer tube, and placed around an inflatable inner tube, such that inflation of the inner tube expands the outer tube. Expansion of the inner tube may connect or laterally lock the inner tube to the outer tube, allowing both tubes to move in unison through the vasculature. The leading edge can score or cut lesions as it moves in the vasculature.1. An endovascular catheter system configured to remove a blockage in a vessel of a patient, the endovascular catheter comprising:
an inflatable inner tube configured to operate in a deflated configuration and an inflated configuration; and an expandable outer tube configured to advance longitudinally over the inner tube when the inner tube is in the deflated configuration, the outer tube including a leading edge having blockage-cutting features configured to remove at least a portion of the blockage in the vessel; wherein the outer tube is made of a radially-expandable material such that inflation of the inner tube to the inflated configuration when the outer tube is located about the inner tube causes the outer tube to expand radially. 2. The endovascular catheter system of claim 1, wherein the inner tube has a dedicated central lumen configured to travel along an outer surface of a guidewire. 3. The endovascular catheter system of claim 1, wherein the leading edge defines a circumference, and the blockage-cutting features extend from the circumference. 4. The endovascular catheter system of claim 3, wherein the outer tube extends along an axis, and the blockage-cutting features extend in a direction parallel to the axis. 5. The endovascular catheter system of claim 1, wherein the inner tube and outer tube are slideable relative to each other when the inner tube is in the deflated configuration. 6. The endovascular catheter system of claim 5, wherein the inner tube is locked to the outer tube when the inner tube is in the inflated configuration such that the inner tube and outer tube move in unison. 7. An endovascular catheter system comprising:
an inner tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end being a tapered distal end tapering radially inwardly; and a sleeve extending between a proximal end and a distal end and configured to slide over the inner tube, wherein the distal end of the sleeve and the tapered distal end of the inner tube define a radial gap therebetween, wherein the distal end of the sleeve includes blockage-cutting features configured to remove blockages within a blood vessel of a patient. 8. The endovascular catheter system of claim 7, wherein the inner tube is configured to operate in a deflated state and an inflated state. 9. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the sleeve is flexible such that the sleeve expands radially outward as the inner tube inflates to the inflated state. 10. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the sleeve is sized such that the sleeve can slide along the inner tube when operating in the deflated state. 11. The endovascular catheter system of claim 10, wherein inflation of the inner tube to the inflated state locks the sleeve to the inner tube. 12. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the sleeve extends along a length, and the blockage-cutting features extend from the distal end of the sleeve in a direction parallel to the length. 13. The endovascular catheter system of claim 12, wherein the blockage cutting features are teeth or serrations. 14. The endovascular catheter system of claim 8, wherein the inner tube includes a dedicated central lumen configured to track along a guidewire. 15. A method for treating a blood vessel having blockages therein, the method comprising:
tracking an inner tube along a guidewire to a desired location in the blood vessel; then advancing an outer tube over the inner tube, wherein the outer tube includes blockage-cutting features; then inflating the inner tube to expand the outer tube; and then advancing the inner tube and outer tube together through the blood vessel to enable the blockage-cutting feature to cut blockages in the blood vessel. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of tracking includes tracking a dedicated central lumen of the inner tube along the guidewire. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising, after the step of advancing the inner tube and outer tube together, further inflating the inner tube to further expand the outer tube. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising, after the step of further inflating, further advancing the inner tube and outer tube together. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of inflating locks the outer tube to the inner tube. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising, after the step of advancing the inner tube and outer tube together, deflating the inner tube and retracting the outer tube from the vessel. | 3,700 |
343,341 | 16,802,764 | 3,624 | A method for reinforcement learning using a virtual environment generated by deep learning includes performing, by a first artificial intelligence module, reinforcement learning of a first artificial neural network using a second artificial neural network of a second artificial intelligence module as the virtual environment, determining, after the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network is completed, by the first artificial intelligence module, a control command by applying sensing information received from a sensor of a control environment to the first artificial neural network, and providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, the control command to an actuator so that the actuator of the control environment is able to control a control target of the control environment according to the control command. | 1. A method for reinforcement learning using a virtual environment generated by deep learning, the method comprising:
performing, by a first artificial intelligence module, reinforcement learning of a first artificial neural network using a second artificial neural network of a second artificial intelligence module as the virtual environment; determining, after the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network is completed, by the first artificial intelligence module, a control command by applying sensing information received from a sensor of a control environment to the first artificial neural network; and providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, the control command to an actuator so that the actuator of the control environment is able to control a control target of the control environment according to the control command. 2. A method for reinforcement learning using a virtual environment generated by deep learning, comprising:
receiving, by a second artificial intelligence module, pre-stored actual measurement data from a control environment; learning, by the second artificial intelligence module, the second artificial neural network by determining a weight of the second artificial neural network including a multi layered perceptron based on the actual measurement data; performing, after the second artificial intelligence module learns the second artificial neural network, by a first artificial intelligence module, reinforcement learning of a first artificial neural network using the second artificial neural network as the virtual environment to determine a policy for maximizing an expected value of the sum of rewards corresponding to action information; determining, after the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network is completed, by the first artificial intelligence module, a control command by applying sensing information received from a sensor of the control environment to the first artificial neural network; and providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, the control command to an actuator so that the actuator of the control environment is able to control a control target of the control environment according to the control command, wherein performing the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network determines the policy for maximizing the expected value of the sum of the rewards based on either of a Q-learning method and policy gradient. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second artificial neural network comprises a plurality of nodes connected to each other in a matrix form, and comprises an input layer to which learning data included in the actual measurement data is input, a hidden layer for applying the weight to the learning data input to the input layer, and an output layer for determining a value output from the hidden layer as a control environment state prediction result. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the learning data comprises the sensing information generated by sensing a control environment state of the control target at a specific point in time and the control command applied to each control target corresponding to the sensing information. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the actual measurement data further comprises label data, and
wherein the label data comprises state information of the control environment measured after a predetermined time elapses after the control command is applied to the control target at the specific point in time. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein learning the second artificial neural network comprises:
performing, by the second artificial intelligence module, a forward propagation process for generating a control environment state prediction result based on learning data included in the actual measurement data; and performing a back propagation process for correcting the weight of the second artificial neural network based on an error value that is a difference between the control environment state prediction result generated through the forward propagation process and label data included in the actual measurement data. 7. The method of claim 6, when the control environment state prediction result is compared with the label data and then the difference between the control environment state prediction result and the label data is larger than a threshold value, performing the back propagation process performs the back propagation process for correcting the weight so that the difference converges within the threshold value. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein performing the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network comprises:
providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, action information according to a policy to the second artificial intelligence module; calculating, by the second artificial intelligence module, a next state and rewards for the action information by applying the action information to the second artificial neural network; providing, by the second artificial intelligence module, the next state and the rewards to the first artificial intelligence module; and determining, by the first artificial intelligence module, through a Markov decision process, a policy in which the expected value of the sum of the rewards is maximized. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the Q-learning method may be either of Deep Q-Networks and Deep Double Q-networks (DDQN). 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the policy gradient is any one of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, Trust Region Policy Optimization, and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). | A method for reinforcement learning using a virtual environment generated by deep learning includes performing, by a first artificial intelligence module, reinforcement learning of a first artificial neural network using a second artificial neural network of a second artificial intelligence module as the virtual environment, determining, after the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network is completed, by the first artificial intelligence module, a control command by applying sensing information received from a sensor of a control environment to the first artificial neural network, and providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, the control command to an actuator so that the actuator of the control environment is able to control a control target of the control environment according to the control command.1. A method for reinforcement learning using a virtual environment generated by deep learning, the method comprising:
performing, by a first artificial intelligence module, reinforcement learning of a first artificial neural network using a second artificial neural network of a second artificial intelligence module as the virtual environment; determining, after the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network is completed, by the first artificial intelligence module, a control command by applying sensing information received from a sensor of a control environment to the first artificial neural network; and providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, the control command to an actuator so that the actuator of the control environment is able to control a control target of the control environment according to the control command. 2. A method for reinforcement learning using a virtual environment generated by deep learning, comprising:
receiving, by a second artificial intelligence module, pre-stored actual measurement data from a control environment; learning, by the second artificial intelligence module, the second artificial neural network by determining a weight of the second artificial neural network including a multi layered perceptron based on the actual measurement data; performing, after the second artificial intelligence module learns the second artificial neural network, by a first artificial intelligence module, reinforcement learning of a first artificial neural network using the second artificial neural network as the virtual environment to determine a policy for maximizing an expected value of the sum of rewards corresponding to action information; determining, after the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network is completed, by the first artificial intelligence module, a control command by applying sensing information received from a sensor of the control environment to the first artificial neural network; and providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, the control command to an actuator so that the actuator of the control environment is able to control a control target of the control environment according to the control command, wherein performing the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network determines the policy for maximizing the expected value of the sum of the rewards based on either of a Q-learning method and policy gradient. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second artificial neural network comprises a plurality of nodes connected to each other in a matrix form, and comprises an input layer to which learning data included in the actual measurement data is input, a hidden layer for applying the weight to the learning data input to the input layer, and an output layer for determining a value output from the hidden layer as a control environment state prediction result. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the learning data comprises the sensing information generated by sensing a control environment state of the control target at a specific point in time and the control command applied to each control target corresponding to the sensing information. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the actual measurement data further comprises label data, and
wherein the label data comprises state information of the control environment measured after a predetermined time elapses after the control command is applied to the control target at the specific point in time. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein learning the second artificial neural network comprises:
performing, by the second artificial intelligence module, a forward propagation process for generating a control environment state prediction result based on learning data included in the actual measurement data; and performing a back propagation process for correcting the weight of the second artificial neural network based on an error value that is a difference between the control environment state prediction result generated through the forward propagation process and label data included in the actual measurement data. 7. The method of claim 6, when the control environment state prediction result is compared with the label data and then the difference between the control environment state prediction result and the label data is larger than a threshold value, performing the back propagation process performs the back propagation process for correcting the weight so that the difference converges within the threshold value. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein performing the reinforcement learning of the first artificial neural network comprises:
providing, by the first artificial intelligence module, action information according to a policy to the second artificial intelligence module; calculating, by the second artificial intelligence module, a next state and rewards for the action information by applying the action information to the second artificial neural network; providing, by the second artificial intelligence module, the next state and the rewards to the first artificial intelligence module; and determining, by the first artificial intelligence module, through a Markov decision process, a policy in which the expected value of the sum of the rewards is maximized. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the Q-learning method may be either of Deep Q-Networks and Deep Double Q-networks (DDQN). 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the policy gradient is any one of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, Trust Region Policy Optimization, and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). | 3,600 |
343,342 | 16,802,750 | 3,624 | Color-stable rheology controlled polyolefin compositions and methods of making are described. A color-stable rheology controlled polyolefin composition can include a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin, and an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound that imparts color-stability to the composition. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition can have a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. | 1. A color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition comprising:
(a) a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin; and (b) an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound that imparts color-stability to the composition, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 2. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin is polypropylene. 3. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound or a trisamide propane compound. 4. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 3, wherein the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound having the following structure A or a trisamide propane compound having the following structure B: 5. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.02/day, or ≤0.015/day, when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 6. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.035/day, or ≤0.03/day, or ≤0.025/day, when stored at 93° C. for 100 days. 7. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, comprising:
at least 95 wt. %, or at least 98 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, of the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin; and 0.001 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.005 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.03 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.02 wt. % of the trisamide-based compound. 8. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of a phenolic-based antioxidant. 9. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.02/day, or ≤0.01/day, when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 10. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 8, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.02/day, or ≤0.015/day, or ≤0.01/day, when stored at 93° C. for 100 days. 11. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of a sorbitol-based clarifier. 12. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is transparent. 13. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the shape of a plurality of pellets. 14. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
at least 95 wt. %, or at least 98 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, of the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin; and at least one additive selected from a light stabilizer, an anti-static agent, a rheological modifier, a lubricant, an antioxidant, or a clarifying agent, or any combination, or all thereof. 15. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 14, comprising:
0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the light stabilizer; 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the anti-static agent; 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the rheological modifier; 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the lubricant; and/or 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the antioxidant. 16. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 15, wherein:
the light stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer; the anti-static agent is a glycerol monostearate; the rheological modifier is an organic peroxide; the lubricant is a metal stearate; and/or the antioxidant is a phosphite-based antioxidant. 17. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, comprising at least 90 wt. %, or at least 95 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, of the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin, or a blend of controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefins. 18. A method for stabilizing the color of a solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound to a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition such that the solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition is a controlled rheology grade polypropylene composition, and the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound, or having the following structure A, or a trisamide propane compound, or having the following structure B: 20. A method of making the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound to a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition such that the solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition is a controlled rheology grade polypropylene composition, and the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound, or having the following structure A, or a trisamide propane compound, or having the following structure B: 23. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a melt flow rate (MFR) as measured by ASTM D1238 ranging from 5 to 150 dg/min, or from 10 to 100 dg/min, or from 20 to 80 dg/min; a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) ranging from 15,000 to 75,000 Daltons, or from 17,500 to 65,000 Daltons, or from 20,000 to 55,000 Daltons; a weight average molecular weight (Mw) as measured by GPC ranging from 100,000 to 300,000 Daltons, or from 125,000 to 255,000 Daltons, or from 135,000 to 235,000 Daltons; and a polydispersity index (PDI=Mw/Mn) ranging from 3.0 to 9.0, or from 3.5 to 7.0, or from 4.0 to 6.0. | Color-stable rheology controlled polyolefin compositions and methods of making are described. A color-stable rheology controlled polyolefin composition can include a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin, and an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound that imparts color-stability to the composition. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition can have a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days.1. A color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition comprising:
(a) a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin; and (b) an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound that imparts color-stability to the composition, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 2. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin is polypropylene. 3. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound or a trisamide propane compound. 4. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 3, wherein the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound having the following structure A or a trisamide propane compound having the following structure B: 5. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.02/day, or ≤0.015/day, when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 6. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.035/day, or ≤0.03/day, or ≤0.025/day, when stored at 93° C. for 100 days. 7. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, comprising:
at least 95 wt. %, or at least 98 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, of the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin; and 0.001 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.005 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.03 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.02 wt. % of the trisamide-based compound. 8. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of a phenolic-based antioxidant. 9. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.02/day, or ≤0.01/day, when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 10. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 8, wherein the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has Δb rate of ≤0.02/day, or ≤0.015/day, or ≤0.01/day, when stored at 93° C. for 100 days. 11. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of a sorbitol-based clarifier. 12. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is transparent. 13. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the shape of a plurality of pellets. 14. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
at least 95 wt. %, or at least 98 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, of the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin; and at least one additive selected from a light stabilizer, an anti-static agent, a rheological modifier, a lubricant, an antioxidant, or a clarifying agent, or any combination, or all thereof. 15. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 14, comprising:
0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the light stabilizer; 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the anti-static agent; 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the rheological modifier; 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the lubricant; and/or 0.01 wt. % to 1 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.1 wt. %, of the antioxidant. 16. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 15, wherein:
the light stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer; the anti-static agent is a glycerol monostearate; the rheological modifier is an organic peroxide; the lubricant is a metal stearate; and/or the antioxidant is a phosphite-based antioxidant. 17. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, comprising at least 90 wt. %, or at least 95 wt. %, or at least 99 wt. %, of the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin, or a blend of controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefins. 18. A method for stabilizing the color of a solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound to a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition such that the solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition is a controlled rheology grade polypropylene composition, and the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound, or having the following structure A, or a trisamide propane compound, or having the following structure B: 20. A method of making the color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a trisamide-based compound to a controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition such that the solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition has a Hunter b value color change (Δb) rate of ≤0.03/day when stored at 93° C. for 50 days. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the controlled rheology grade thermoplastic polyolefin composition is a controlled rheology grade polypropylene composition, and the trisamide-based compound is a trisamide benzene compound, or having the following structure A, or a trisamide propane compound, or having the following structure B: 23. The color-stable solid-state thermoplastic polyolefin composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a melt flow rate (MFR) as measured by ASTM D1238 ranging from 5 to 150 dg/min, or from 10 to 100 dg/min, or from 20 to 80 dg/min; a number average molecular weight (Mn) as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) ranging from 15,000 to 75,000 Daltons, or from 17,500 to 65,000 Daltons, or from 20,000 to 55,000 Daltons; a weight average molecular weight (Mw) as measured by GPC ranging from 100,000 to 300,000 Daltons, or from 125,000 to 255,000 Daltons, or from 135,000 to 235,000 Daltons; and a polydispersity index (PDI=Mw/Mn) ranging from 3.0 to 9.0, or from 3.5 to 7.0, or from 4.0 to 6.0. | 3,600 |
343,343 | 16,802,759 | 2,844 | Examples of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods for voltage interfaces between legacy control systems and light sources. An example voltage interface may include a control loop including a first op-amp, an output loop including a second op-amp, and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop. | 1. A system for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the system comprising:
a control loop including a first op-amp configured to receive power from a first power source and to be coupled to a first ground; an output loop including a second op-amp configured to receive power from a second power source and to be coupled to a second ground, wherein:
the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and
the output loop includes one or more independent outputs,
including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current; and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator is configured to be coupled with the first power source and the first ground. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photodiode and the second photodiode are configured to measure an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photo diode is configured to form a closed control loop with a first transistor. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the driver module is electrically coupled to the second power source. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the driver module is coupled to a first group of light fixtures, and the driver module is configured to output the signal to the group of light fixtures. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first power supply and the second power supply are configured to supply a same voltage. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control loop is configured to receive an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. 10. A method for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the method comprising:
coupling first electrical elements within a control loop to a first power source and a first ground, the control loop including a first op-amp; coupling second electrical elements within an output loop to a second power source and a second ground, the output loop including a second op-amp, wherein:
the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and
the output loop includes one or more independent outputs,
including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current; and electrically isolating the control loop and the output loop with an optical isolator, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the optical isolator with the first power source and the first ground. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
measuring, via the first photodiode and the second photodiode, an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
forming a closed control loop with the first photo diode and a first transistor. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to the second power source. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to a first group of light fixtures, and outputting the signal to the group of light fixtures. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first power supply and the second power supply are configured to supply a same voltage. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by the control loop, an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. | Examples of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods for voltage interfaces between legacy control systems and light sources. An example voltage interface may include a control loop including a first op-amp, an output loop including a second op-amp, and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop.1. A system for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the system comprising:
a control loop including a first op-amp configured to receive power from a first power source and to be coupled to a first ground; an output loop including a second op-amp configured to receive power from a second power source and to be coupled to a second ground, wherein:
the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and
the output loop includes one or more independent outputs,
including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current; and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator is configured to be coupled with the first power source and the first ground. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photodiode and the second photodiode are configured to measure an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photo diode is configured to form a closed control loop with a first transistor. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the driver module is electrically coupled to the second power source. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the driver module is coupled to a first group of light fixtures, and the driver module is configured to output the signal to the group of light fixtures. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first power supply and the second power supply are configured to supply a same voltage. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control loop is configured to receive an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. 10. A method for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the method comprising:
coupling first electrical elements within a control loop to a first power source and a first ground, the control loop including a first op-amp; coupling second electrical elements within an output loop to a second power source and a second ground, the output loop including a second op-amp, wherein:
the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and
the output loop includes one or more independent outputs,
including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current; and electrically isolating the control loop and the output loop with an optical isolator, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the optical isolator with the first power source and the first ground. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
measuring, via the first photodiode and the second photodiode, an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
forming a closed control loop with the first photo diode and a first transistor. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to the second power source. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to a first group of light fixtures, and outputting the signal to the group of light fixtures. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first power supply and the second power supply are configured to supply a same voltage. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by the control loop, an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. | 2,800 |
343,344 | 16,802,751 | 2,844 | An image forming apparatus configured to: decide a conveying distance for a conveying processing based on image data stored in a memory; and shorten, in a case where it is determined that a code image is to be formed by a plurality of scanning processing including a first scanning processing and a second scanning processing, the decided conveying distance for: (i) one conveying processing which is executed immediately before the first scanning processing; or (ii) at least one of a plurality of conveying processing which are respectively executed immediately before each of a plurality of scanning processing which includes the first scanning processing and at least one scanning processing executed before the first scanning processing, so that the code image is not to be formed in the first scanning processing and the code image is started to be formed from the second scanning processing. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a memory; a recording head configured to record an image on a recording medium based on image data stored in the memory; a conveyor unit configured to convey the recording medium in a conveying direction; a carriage having the recording head mounted thereto and capable of reciprocally moving in a scanning direction perpendicular to the conveying direction; and a controller configured to:
execute a conveying processing in which the recording medium is conveyed in the conveying direction by the conveyor unit;
execute a scanning processing in which the image is recorded on the recording medium by the recording head with moving the carriage in the scanning direction when the conveying processing is not executed;
decide a conveying distance for the conveying processing based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine whether an image including a code image having a plurality of printing regions and a plurality of non-printing regions is to be formed on the recording medium based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine, in a case where it is determined that the image including the code image is to be formed on the recording medium, whether the code image is to be formed by a plurality of the scanning processing including a first scanning processing and a second scanning processing if the conveying processing is executed over the decided conveying distance; and
shorten, in a case where it is determined that the code image is to be formed by the plurality of scanning processing, the decided conveying distance for: (i) one conveying processing which is executed immediately before the first scanning processing; or (ii) at least one of a plurality of conveying processing which are respectively executed immediately before each of a plurality of scanning processing which includes the first scanning processing and at least one scanning processing executed before the first scanning processing, so that the code image is not to be formed in the first scanning processing and the code image is started to be formed from the second scanning processing,
wherein a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the first scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is not shortened, is shorter than a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the second scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is shortened. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where a length of the code image in the conveying direction is equal to or smaller than a length of an image formation range in the conveying direction by the recording head mounted to the carriage, the decided conveying distance is shortened so that the code image is to be formed by one scanning processing. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where a length of the code image in the conveying direction is greater than a length of an image formation range in the conveying direction by the recording head mounted to the carriage, the decided conveying distance is shortened so that the code image is to be formed over an entire length of the image formation range in the second scanning processing. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
reduce, in a case where a length of the code image in the conveying direction is greater than a length of an image formation range in the conveying direction by the recording head mounted to the carriage, a size of the code image in the image data stored in the memory so that the code image is to be formed only by the second scanning processing. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the code image is one-dimensional code image having a pattern in which the plurality of printing regions and the plurality of non-printing regions are alternately formed in a predetermined direction, and is formed on the recording medium so that the conveying direction and the predetermined direction coincide with each other. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the code image is a two-dimensional code image having a pattern in which the plurality of printing regions and the plurality of non-printing regions are alternately formed both in a first predetermined direction and in a second predetermined direction perpendicular to the first predetermined direction. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the decided conveying distance is shortened so that a Finder pattern in the two-dimensional code image is to be formed by one scanning processing. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program used for an electronic device configured to control an image forming apparatus,
the image forming apparatus including:
a memory;
a recording head configured to record an image on a recording medium based on image data stored in the memory;
a conveyor unit configured to convey the recording medium in a conveying direction;
a carriage having the recording head mounted thereto and capable of reciprocally moving in a scanning direction perpendicular to the conveying direction; and
a controller configured to:
execute a conveying processing in which the recording medium is conveyed in the conveying direction by the conveyor unit, and
execute a scanning processing in which the image is recorded on the recording medium by the recording head with moving the carriage in the scanning direction when the conveying processing is not executed,
the program, when executed by a processor of the electronic device, causes the electronic device to:
store image data in the memory;
decide a conveying distance for the conveying processing based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine whether an image including a code image having a plurality of printing regions and a plurality of non-printing regions is to be formed on the recording medium based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine, in a case where it is determined that the image including the code image is to be formed on the recording medium, whether the code image is to be formed by a plurality of the scanning processing including a first scanning processing and a second scanning processing if the conveying processing is executed over the decided conveying distance; and
shorten, in a case where it is determined that the code image is to be formed by the plurality of scanning processing, the decided conveying distance for: (i) one conveying processing which is executed immediately before the first scanning processing; or (ii) at least one of a plurality of conveying processing which are respectively executed immediately before each of a plurality of scanning processing which includes the first scanning processing and at least one scanning processing executed before the first scanning processing, so that the code image is not to be formed in the first scanning processing and the code image is started to be formed from the second scanning processing, and
wherein a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the first scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is not shortened, is shorter than a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the second scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is shortened. | An image forming apparatus configured to: decide a conveying distance for a conveying processing based on image data stored in a memory; and shorten, in a case where it is determined that a code image is to be formed by a plurality of scanning processing including a first scanning processing and a second scanning processing, the decided conveying distance for: (i) one conveying processing which is executed immediately before the first scanning processing; or (ii) at least one of a plurality of conveying processing which are respectively executed immediately before each of a plurality of scanning processing which includes the first scanning processing and at least one scanning processing executed before the first scanning processing, so that the code image is not to be formed in the first scanning processing and the code image is started to be formed from the second scanning processing.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a memory; a recording head configured to record an image on a recording medium based on image data stored in the memory; a conveyor unit configured to convey the recording medium in a conveying direction; a carriage having the recording head mounted thereto and capable of reciprocally moving in a scanning direction perpendicular to the conveying direction; and a controller configured to:
execute a conveying processing in which the recording medium is conveyed in the conveying direction by the conveyor unit;
execute a scanning processing in which the image is recorded on the recording medium by the recording head with moving the carriage in the scanning direction when the conveying processing is not executed;
decide a conveying distance for the conveying processing based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine whether an image including a code image having a plurality of printing regions and a plurality of non-printing regions is to be formed on the recording medium based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine, in a case where it is determined that the image including the code image is to be formed on the recording medium, whether the code image is to be formed by a plurality of the scanning processing including a first scanning processing and a second scanning processing if the conveying processing is executed over the decided conveying distance; and
shorten, in a case where it is determined that the code image is to be formed by the plurality of scanning processing, the decided conveying distance for: (i) one conveying processing which is executed immediately before the first scanning processing; or (ii) at least one of a plurality of conveying processing which are respectively executed immediately before each of a plurality of scanning processing which includes the first scanning processing and at least one scanning processing executed before the first scanning processing, so that the code image is not to be formed in the first scanning processing and the code image is started to be formed from the second scanning processing,
wherein a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the first scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is not shortened, is shorter than a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the second scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is shortened. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where a length of the code image in the conveying direction is equal to or smaller than a length of an image formation range in the conveying direction by the recording head mounted to the carriage, the decided conveying distance is shortened so that the code image is to be formed by one scanning processing. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where a length of the code image in the conveying direction is greater than a length of an image formation range in the conveying direction by the recording head mounted to the carriage, the decided conveying distance is shortened so that the code image is to be formed over an entire length of the image formation range in the second scanning processing. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is further configured to:
reduce, in a case where a length of the code image in the conveying direction is greater than a length of an image formation range in the conveying direction by the recording head mounted to the carriage, a size of the code image in the image data stored in the memory so that the code image is to be formed only by the second scanning processing. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the code image is one-dimensional code image having a pattern in which the plurality of printing regions and the plurality of non-printing regions are alternately formed in a predetermined direction, and is formed on the recording medium so that the conveying direction and the predetermined direction coincide with each other. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the code image is a two-dimensional code image having a pattern in which the plurality of printing regions and the plurality of non-printing regions are alternately formed both in a first predetermined direction and in a second predetermined direction perpendicular to the first predetermined direction. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the decided conveying distance is shortened so that a Finder pattern in the two-dimensional code image is to be formed by one scanning processing. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program used for an electronic device configured to control an image forming apparatus,
the image forming apparatus including:
a memory;
a recording head configured to record an image on a recording medium based on image data stored in the memory;
a conveyor unit configured to convey the recording medium in a conveying direction;
a carriage having the recording head mounted thereto and capable of reciprocally moving in a scanning direction perpendicular to the conveying direction; and
a controller configured to:
execute a conveying processing in which the recording medium is conveyed in the conveying direction by the conveyor unit, and
execute a scanning processing in which the image is recorded on the recording medium by the recording head with moving the carriage in the scanning direction when the conveying processing is not executed,
the program, when executed by a processor of the electronic device, causes the electronic device to:
store image data in the memory;
decide a conveying distance for the conveying processing based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine whether an image including a code image having a plurality of printing regions and a plurality of non-printing regions is to be formed on the recording medium based on the image data stored in the memory;
determine, in a case where it is determined that the image including the code image is to be formed on the recording medium, whether the code image is to be formed by a plurality of the scanning processing including a first scanning processing and a second scanning processing if the conveying processing is executed over the decided conveying distance; and
shorten, in a case where it is determined that the code image is to be formed by the plurality of scanning processing, the decided conveying distance for: (i) one conveying processing which is executed immediately before the first scanning processing; or (ii) at least one of a plurality of conveying processing which are respectively executed immediately before each of a plurality of scanning processing which includes the first scanning processing and at least one scanning processing executed before the first scanning processing, so that the code image is not to be formed in the first scanning processing and the code image is started to be formed from the second scanning processing, and
wherein a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the first scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is not shortened, is shorter than a length of the code image in the conveying direction, which is formed in the second scanning processing when the decided conveying distance is shortened. | 2,800 |
343,345 | 16,802,752 | 2,844 | A vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine includes a rotating shaft containing a first mass member, a plurality of bearings rotatably supporting the rotating shaft, and a stationary body supporting the bearings. An annular second mass member having an internal diameter thereof larger than an external diameter of the rotating shaft is rotatably supported in a contact state at a position on the rotating shaft, at which position centrifugal whirling vibration is generated due to imbalance of the first mass member. Therefore, due to the second mass member being eccentric in an opposite phase with respect to the rotating shaft eccentrically undergoing centrifugal whirling, it is possible to counterbalance a centrifugal force acting on the first mass member with an inertial force acting on the second mass member, thus enabling a damping effect to be exhibited and reducing effectively the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft. | 1. A vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine, comprising a rotating shaft that includes a first mass member, a plurality of bearings that rotatably support the rotating shaft, and a stationary body that supports the bearings,
wherein an annular second mass member having an internal diameter thereof larger than an external diameter of the rotating shaft is rotatably supported in a contact state at a position on the rotating shaft, at which position centrifugal whirling vibration is generated due to imbalance of the first mass member. 2. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
when the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft is less than a predetermined value, the second mass member is supported on the stationary body in a state in which the second mass member is not in contact with the rotating shaft, and when the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft attains the predetermined value or greater, the second mass member rotates while being in contact with the rotating shaft. 3. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein the second mass member is supported on the stationary body via a break portion that breaks when the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft attains the predetermined value or greater. 4. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein
at least one of the bearings is supported on the stationary body via a breakable fuse portion, and the second mass member is supported in a low friction state on the stationary body in a vicinity of at least one of the bearings. 5. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein a guide portion is provided on the rotating shaft, the guide portion restricting movement of the second mass member in an axial direction. 6. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
when a mass of the first mass member is defined as m, a mass of the second mass member is defined as M, a shaft amplitude of the rotating shaft is defined as a, a difference between the external diameter of the rotating shaft and the internal diameter of the second mass member is defined as CL, a support spring coefficient of the first mass member is defined as k, a centrifugal whirling angular velocity of the rotating shaft is defined as Ω, and a distance from a center of the rotating shaft to a center of gravity of the first mass member is defined as e, when the centrifugal whirling angular velocity Ω of the rotating shaft is less than a centrifugal whirling resonant rotational speed Ω0 of the rotating shaft, in a radial load balance equation
maΩ 2 +meΩ 2 −ka=M(a−CL)Ω2 7. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
the first mass member is a front fan, and the second mass member is supported on a shaft portion of a fan disk that supports the front fan. 8. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
the first mass member is a front fan, and the second mass member is supported on a shaft portion of a nose cone that rotates integrally with the front fan. | A vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine includes a rotating shaft containing a first mass member, a plurality of bearings rotatably supporting the rotating shaft, and a stationary body supporting the bearings. An annular second mass member having an internal diameter thereof larger than an external diameter of the rotating shaft is rotatably supported in a contact state at a position on the rotating shaft, at which position centrifugal whirling vibration is generated due to imbalance of the first mass member. Therefore, due to the second mass member being eccentric in an opposite phase with respect to the rotating shaft eccentrically undergoing centrifugal whirling, it is possible to counterbalance a centrifugal force acting on the first mass member with an inertial force acting on the second mass member, thus enabling a damping effect to be exhibited and reducing effectively the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft.1. A vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine, comprising a rotating shaft that includes a first mass member, a plurality of bearings that rotatably support the rotating shaft, and a stationary body that supports the bearings,
wherein an annular second mass member having an internal diameter thereof larger than an external diameter of the rotating shaft is rotatably supported in a contact state at a position on the rotating shaft, at which position centrifugal whirling vibration is generated due to imbalance of the first mass member. 2. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
when the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft is less than a predetermined value, the second mass member is supported on the stationary body in a state in which the second mass member is not in contact with the rotating shaft, and when the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft attains the predetermined value or greater, the second mass member rotates while being in contact with the rotating shaft. 3. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein the second mass member is supported on the stationary body via a break portion that breaks when the centrifugal whirling vibration of the rotating shaft attains the predetermined value or greater. 4. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein
at least one of the bearings is supported on the stationary body via a breakable fuse portion, and the second mass member is supported in a low friction state on the stationary body in a vicinity of at least one of the bearings. 5. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein a guide portion is provided on the rotating shaft, the guide portion restricting movement of the second mass member in an axial direction. 6. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
when a mass of the first mass member is defined as m, a mass of the second mass member is defined as M, a shaft amplitude of the rotating shaft is defined as a, a difference between the external diameter of the rotating shaft and the internal diameter of the second mass member is defined as CL, a support spring coefficient of the first mass member is defined as k, a centrifugal whirling angular velocity of the rotating shaft is defined as Ω, and a distance from a center of the rotating shaft to a center of gravity of the first mass member is defined as e, when the centrifugal whirling angular velocity Ω of the rotating shaft is less than a centrifugal whirling resonant rotational speed Ω0 of the rotating shaft, in a radial load balance equation
maΩ 2 +meΩ 2 −ka=M(a−CL)Ω2 7. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
the first mass member is a front fan, and the second mass member is supported on a shaft portion of a fan disk that supports the front fan. 8. The vibration reducing device for a gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
the first mass member is a front fan, and the second mass member is supported on a shaft portion of a nose cone that rotates integrally with the front fan. | 2,800 |
343,346 | 16,802,735 | 2,844 | The invention relates to a collapsible ring made of several side walls (15, 16) for a transportation container (11), which is positioned to stand on a palette base (12) of a transportation palette (13) and surrounds an interior (19) delimited by the side walls (15, 16), and at least one intermediate base (31) that can be arranged in the ring (14) in a usage position (32) and having at least one releasable connection (34) formed between the side wall (15, 16) and the intermediate base (31), said connection being formed by at least one holding element (36), wherein adjacent and/or opposing side walls (15, 16) are held by the releasable connection (34) at a distance to the intermediate base (31), and the intermediate base (31) is simultaneously positioned by the releasable connection (34) to the usage position (32) in relation to the adjacent side wall. | 1. A collapsible ring made of several side walls for a transportation container, which can be positioned to stand on a palette base of a transportation palette and surrounds an interior delimited by the side walls, and at least one intermediate base that can be arranged in the ring in a usage position and having at least one releasable connection formed between the side wall and the intermediate base, said connection being formed by at least one holding element, characterised in that the adjacent and/or opposite side walls are held by the releasable connection at a distance from the intermediate base, and the intermediate base is positioned by the releasable connection simultaneously in the usage position in relation to the adjacent side wall. 2. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the releasable connection comprises the at least one holding element and at least one engagement element, which can be connected to each other in a force-fit and/or form-fit manner. 3. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base is held to be suspended on the side walls by means of the connection. 4. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base having at least one engagement element or holding element provided on a side edge of the intermediate base is applied to a holding element or engagement element on the side wall and forms a first connection and can then be transferred into the usage position by means of a pivoting movement, in which usage position the at least one engagement element or holding element provided on a further front face, in particular opposite front face of the intermediate base, engages on the holding element or engagement element on the opposite side wall and form a second connection. 5. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the holding element and the engagement element of the connection engage behind one another in relation to the side walls in the usage position of the intermediate base. 6. The ring according to claim 1, wherein several holding elements or engagement elements are arranged on an inside of the side wall in a common vertical alignment and at a distance one above the other. 7. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the holding element has a recess having an upper engagement region and a lower engagement region, wherein the upper engagement region is greater than the width of the upper engagement region in the vertical direction, and the engagement element is formed as a spigot or hook, which abuts on a lower opening edge of the engagement region, and a front face end of the engagement element engages behind the opening edge. 8. The ring according to claim 7, wherein the lower engagement region of the recess is narrowed in relation to the upper engagement region of the recess, and the recess is formed in the shape of a keyhole or funnel-shaped. 9. The ring according to claim 7, wherein the engagement element formed as a spigot on the front-side end has a front plate, which is at least partially enlarged in relation to the spigot diameter or has a groove-shaped indentation on an underside. 10. The ring according to claim 1, wherein at least two holding elements arranged at a distance to the central longitudinal axis of the respective side wall are respectively provided on two opposite insides of the side walls. 11. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the holding elements and engagement elements engage in one another in a first alignment of the intermediate base in relation to the side walls for adopting the usage position and are guided past one another in a further alignment of the intermediate base in relation to the side walls for adopting a stored position. 12. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base has a peripheral front side, which, in the usage position of the intermediate base, lies opposite the inside of the side walls, and the at least one engagement element is provided on the front side of the intermediate base, said engagement element extending outwardly and preferably the engagement element is integrally moulded on the intermediate base, introduced as an inlay part in the intermediate base, or fixed on the intermediate base as a component. 13. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the one holding element or several holding elements lying one above the other are formed as an injection moulded part and are fixed on the inside of the side wall, or the holding element or holding elements are moulded integrally on the inside of the side wall. 14. The ring according to claim 1, wherein at least two holding elements arranged with the same distance to the central longitudinal axis are provided on the inside of the one side wall, and at least two holding elements arranged at the same distance to the central longitudinal axis are provided on the inside of the opposite side wall, wherein the distance of the holding elements on the opposite side wall to the distance on the first side wall is shortened in terms of the width of the respective holding element, and the engagement elements of the intermediate base are provided opposite the holding elements in an alignment of the intermediate base in a usage position. 15. The ring according to claim 1, wherein at least two holding elements with a distance to the central longitudinal axis are provided on an inside of the one side wall, wherein the one distance differs from the distance in terms of the width of the holding element, and the holding elements are arranged point-symmetrically or in a mirror image to a central line in parallel between the opposite side walls on the inside of the opposite side wall, and the engagement elements of the intermediate base are arranged opposite the holding elements in the usage position. 16. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base and at least two opposite front faces have depressions, which correspond at least to double the width of the holding elements when seen in the vertical direction and, in terms of depth, to the protrusion of the holding elements into the container interior. 17. The ring according to claim 16, wherein the engagement elements are positioned in the depressions provided on the front sides of the intermediate base and extend inside an envelope formed by the front sides of the intermediate base. 18. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the side walls are connected to an intermediate web for forming a foldable corner region, and a folding edge is preferably provided, in particular embossed, between the side walls and the intermediate web. 19. A transportation container having a transportation palette, having a container upper part and having a collapsible ring consisting of several side walls, which can be placed on the palette base for connection of the container upper part to the transportation palette, wherein that the ring and the at least one intermediate base are formed according to claim 1. 20. The transportation container according to claim 19, wherein the intermediate base is transferred from a usage position into a stored position by rotating the intermediate base in a horizontal plane around 180° and can be stacked on the palette base or on an intermediate ply abutting on the palette base and abuts, by means of the collapsible ring placed on the transportation palette, to be in alignment with the palette base. | The invention relates to a collapsible ring made of several side walls (15, 16) for a transportation container (11), which is positioned to stand on a palette base (12) of a transportation palette (13) and surrounds an interior (19) delimited by the side walls (15, 16), and at least one intermediate base (31) that can be arranged in the ring (14) in a usage position (32) and having at least one releasable connection (34) formed between the side wall (15, 16) and the intermediate base (31), said connection being formed by at least one holding element (36), wherein adjacent and/or opposing side walls (15, 16) are held by the releasable connection (34) at a distance to the intermediate base (31), and the intermediate base (31) is simultaneously positioned by the releasable connection (34) to the usage position (32) in relation to the adjacent side wall.1. A collapsible ring made of several side walls for a transportation container, which can be positioned to stand on a palette base of a transportation palette and surrounds an interior delimited by the side walls, and at least one intermediate base that can be arranged in the ring in a usage position and having at least one releasable connection formed between the side wall and the intermediate base, said connection being formed by at least one holding element, characterised in that the adjacent and/or opposite side walls are held by the releasable connection at a distance from the intermediate base, and the intermediate base is positioned by the releasable connection simultaneously in the usage position in relation to the adjacent side wall. 2. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the releasable connection comprises the at least one holding element and at least one engagement element, which can be connected to each other in a force-fit and/or form-fit manner. 3. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base is held to be suspended on the side walls by means of the connection. 4. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base having at least one engagement element or holding element provided on a side edge of the intermediate base is applied to a holding element or engagement element on the side wall and forms a first connection and can then be transferred into the usage position by means of a pivoting movement, in which usage position the at least one engagement element or holding element provided on a further front face, in particular opposite front face of the intermediate base, engages on the holding element or engagement element on the opposite side wall and form a second connection. 5. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the holding element and the engagement element of the connection engage behind one another in relation to the side walls in the usage position of the intermediate base. 6. The ring according to claim 1, wherein several holding elements or engagement elements are arranged on an inside of the side wall in a common vertical alignment and at a distance one above the other. 7. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the holding element has a recess having an upper engagement region and a lower engagement region, wherein the upper engagement region is greater than the width of the upper engagement region in the vertical direction, and the engagement element is formed as a spigot or hook, which abuts on a lower opening edge of the engagement region, and a front face end of the engagement element engages behind the opening edge. 8. The ring according to claim 7, wherein the lower engagement region of the recess is narrowed in relation to the upper engagement region of the recess, and the recess is formed in the shape of a keyhole or funnel-shaped. 9. The ring according to claim 7, wherein the engagement element formed as a spigot on the front-side end has a front plate, which is at least partially enlarged in relation to the spigot diameter or has a groove-shaped indentation on an underside. 10. The ring according to claim 1, wherein at least two holding elements arranged at a distance to the central longitudinal axis of the respective side wall are respectively provided on two opposite insides of the side walls. 11. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the holding elements and engagement elements engage in one another in a first alignment of the intermediate base in relation to the side walls for adopting the usage position and are guided past one another in a further alignment of the intermediate base in relation to the side walls for adopting a stored position. 12. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base has a peripheral front side, which, in the usage position of the intermediate base, lies opposite the inside of the side walls, and the at least one engagement element is provided on the front side of the intermediate base, said engagement element extending outwardly and preferably the engagement element is integrally moulded on the intermediate base, introduced as an inlay part in the intermediate base, or fixed on the intermediate base as a component. 13. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the one holding element or several holding elements lying one above the other are formed as an injection moulded part and are fixed on the inside of the side wall, or the holding element or holding elements are moulded integrally on the inside of the side wall. 14. The ring according to claim 1, wherein at least two holding elements arranged with the same distance to the central longitudinal axis are provided on the inside of the one side wall, and at least two holding elements arranged at the same distance to the central longitudinal axis are provided on the inside of the opposite side wall, wherein the distance of the holding elements on the opposite side wall to the distance on the first side wall is shortened in terms of the width of the respective holding element, and the engagement elements of the intermediate base are provided opposite the holding elements in an alignment of the intermediate base in a usage position. 15. The ring according to claim 1, wherein at least two holding elements with a distance to the central longitudinal axis are provided on an inside of the one side wall, wherein the one distance differs from the distance in terms of the width of the holding element, and the holding elements are arranged point-symmetrically or in a mirror image to a central line in parallel between the opposite side walls on the inside of the opposite side wall, and the engagement elements of the intermediate base are arranged opposite the holding elements in the usage position. 16. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate base and at least two opposite front faces have depressions, which correspond at least to double the width of the holding elements when seen in the vertical direction and, in terms of depth, to the protrusion of the holding elements into the container interior. 17. The ring according to claim 16, wherein the engagement elements are positioned in the depressions provided on the front sides of the intermediate base and extend inside an envelope formed by the front sides of the intermediate base. 18. The ring according to claim 1, wherein the side walls are connected to an intermediate web for forming a foldable corner region, and a folding edge is preferably provided, in particular embossed, between the side walls and the intermediate web. 19. A transportation container having a transportation palette, having a container upper part and having a collapsible ring consisting of several side walls, which can be placed on the palette base for connection of the container upper part to the transportation palette, wherein that the ring and the at least one intermediate base are formed according to claim 1. 20. The transportation container according to claim 19, wherein the intermediate base is transferred from a usage position into a stored position by rotating the intermediate base in a horizontal plane around 180° and can be stacked on the palette base or on an intermediate ply abutting on the palette base and abuts, by means of the collapsible ring placed on the transportation palette, to be in alignment with the palette base. | 2,800 |
343,347 | 16,802,762 | 2,844 | A method of manufacturing a microfluidic chip includes: providing an upper mold having multiple upper ribs extending along a second direction, and a lower mold having multiple lower ribs extending along a first direction different from the second direction; forming a forming material in a filling space defined by the upper and lower molds to provide a channeled plate having multiple upper microfluidic channels complementary in shape to the upper ribs, lower microfluidic channels complementary in shape to the lower ribs, and multiple thin film valves formed at intersections where the upper microfluidic channels intersect the lower microfluidic channels; separating the upper and lower molds; and covering the lower and upper microfluidic channels. | 1. A microfluidic chip comprising:
a carrier plate; a channeled plate disposed on said carrier plate and having
an upper surface,
a lower surface opposite to said upper surface,
a gaseous fluid channel unit having an array of upper microfluidic channels indented from said upper surface, said upper microfluidic channels being intercommunicated, spaced apart along a first direction and extending along a second direction different from the first direction,
a liquid fluid channel unit having an array of lower microfluidic channels indented from said lower surface and discommunicated from said upper microfluidic channels, said lower microfluidic channels being intercommunicated, spaced apart along the second direction, extending along the first direction, and intersecting said upper microfluidic channels at a plurality of intersections, and
an array of thin film valves formed at the intersections; and
an upper cover attached to said upper surface and sealing said upper microfluidic channels. 2. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first direction is transverse to the second direction. 3. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gaseous fluid channel unit further has a confluence channel that is indented from said upper surface and that intercommunicates said upper microfluidic channels. 4. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 3, wherein said upper cover has an opening that is in spatial communication with said confluence channel of said gaseous fluid channel unit. 5. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has a plurality of bending channels that are indented from said lower surface, that are discommunicated from said upper microfluidic channels, and that intercommunicate said lower microfluidic channels. 6. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 5, wherein said bending channels are arranged in two rows to intercommunicate adjacent two of said lower microfluidic channels. 7. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 6, wherein said two rows of said bending channels are arranged along the second direction. 8. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has an array of reaction slots that are indented from said lower surface, that are discommunicated from said upper microfluidic channels, and that are in spatial communication with said lower microfluidic channels. 9. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 8, wherein said array of reaction slots is arranged in multiple rows arranged along the second direction. 10. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has a first entrance channel, a second entrance channel, a mixing channel that is spatially communicated between said first and second entrance channels and one of said lower microfluidic channels. 11. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 10, wherein:
said channeled plate further has two side surfaces that are opposite to each other and that each interconnect said upper and lower surfaces; each of said first and second entrance channels has a starting section that is formed in one of said side surfaces, and an ending section that spatially communicates said starting section and said mixing channel. 12. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 11, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has an exiting channel that has a first exiting section that is formed in the other one of said side surfaces, and a second exiting section that is spatially communicated with said first exiting section and an end of another one of said lower microfluidic channels opposite to said one of said lower microfluidic channels spatially communicated with said mixing channel. 13. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
each of said upper microfluidic channels has a width (W1) measured in the first direction; each of said lower microfluidic channels has a width (W2) measured in the second direction; said upper microfluidic channels are spaced apart from said lower microfluidic channels by a distance (T);
2≤W1/T≤25; and
2≤W2/T≤25. 14. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said channeled plate is made of at least one of polysiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane or polyurethane. 15. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said channeled plate is made of a thermoplastic material. 16. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 15, wherein said channeled plate is made of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. | A method of manufacturing a microfluidic chip includes: providing an upper mold having multiple upper ribs extending along a second direction, and a lower mold having multiple lower ribs extending along a first direction different from the second direction; forming a forming material in a filling space defined by the upper and lower molds to provide a channeled plate having multiple upper microfluidic channels complementary in shape to the upper ribs, lower microfluidic channels complementary in shape to the lower ribs, and multiple thin film valves formed at intersections where the upper microfluidic channels intersect the lower microfluidic channels; separating the upper and lower molds; and covering the lower and upper microfluidic channels.1. A microfluidic chip comprising:
a carrier plate; a channeled plate disposed on said carrier plate and having
an upper surface,
a lower surface opposite to said upper surface,
a gaseous fluid channel unit having an array of upper microfluidic channels indented from said upper surface, said upper microfluidic channels being intercommunicated, spaced apart along a first direction and extending along a second direction different from the first direction,
a liquid fluid channel unit having an array of lower microfluidic channels indented from said lower surface and discommunicated from said upper microfluidic channels, said lower microfluidic channels being intercommunicated, spaced apart along the second direction, extending along the first direction, and intersecting said upper microfluidic channels at a plurality of intersections, and
an array of thin film valves formed at the intersections; and
an upper cover attached to said upper surface and sealing said upper microfluidic channels. 2. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first direction is transverse to the second direction. 3. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gaseous fluid channel unit further has a confluence channel that is indented from said upper surface and that intercommunicates said upper microfluidic channels. 4. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 3, wherein said upper cover has an opening that is in spatial communication with said confluence channel of said gaseous fluid channel unit. 5. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has a plurality of bending channels that are indented from said lower surface, that are discommunicated from said upper microfluidic channels, and that intercommunicate said lower microfluidic channels. 6. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 5, wherein said bending channels are arranged in two rows to intercommunicate adjacent two of said lower microfluidic channels. 7. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 6, wherein said two rows of said bending channels are arranged along the second direction. 8. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has an array of reaction slots that are indented from said lower surface, that are discommunicated from said upper microfluidic channels, and that are in spatial communication with said lower microfluidic channels. 9. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 8, wherein said array of reaction slots is arranged in multiple rows arranged along the second direction. 10. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has a first entrance channel, a second entrance channel, a mixing channel that is spatially communicated between said first and second entrance channels and one of said lower microfluidic channels. 11. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 10, wherein:
said channeled plate further has two side surfaces that are opposite to each other and that each interconnect said upper and lower surfaces; each of said first and second entrance channels has a starting section that is formed in one of said side surfaces, and an ending section that spatially communicates said starting section and said mixing channel. 12. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 11, wherein said liquid fluid channel unit further has an exiting channel that has a first exiting section that is formed in the other one of said side surfaces, and a second exiting section that is spatially communicated with said first exiting section and an end of another one of said lower microfluidic channels opposite to said one of said lower microfluidic channels spatially communicated with said mixing channel. 13. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
each of said upper microfluidic channels has a width (W1) measured in the first direction; each of said lower microfluidic channels has a width (W2) measured in the second direction; said upper microfluidic channels are spaced apart from said lower microfluidic channels by a distance (T);
2≤W1/T≤25; and
2≤W2/T≤25. 14. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said channeled plate is made of at least one of polysiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane or polyurethane. 15. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said channeled plate is made of a thermoplastic material. 16. The microfluidic chip as claimed in claim 15, wherein said channeled plate is made of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. | 2,800 |
343,348 | 16,802,746 | 2,844 | Systems and methods can include a transponder configured to communicate wirelessly with a receiver and sensor module (RSM), wireless communicate with a high-speed network, and radio-frequency (RF) powering of RSM. The high-speed network can include a wired network such as USB or Ethernet, or wireless network such as a WiFi or cellular network. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna module can be configured to transmit radio-frequency (RF) power to a receiver configured to monitor a condition of a machine. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A transponder comprising:
an antenna module configured to transmit radio-frequency (RF) power to a receiver configured to monitor a condition of a machine; and a control module configured to dynamically adjust the RF power based on one of (i) a sensor signal generated by a sensor configured to monitor for one or more events in proximity of the antenna module, and (ii) receiver data generated by the receiver, and a combination of (i) and (ii). 14. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to receive the receiver data based on a low-energy wireless network protocol from the receiver. 15. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to provide a feedback signal to the control module, the feedback signal providing a measure of the RF power transmitted by the antenna module, the control module being configured to one of safety limit the transmitted RF power and shut down the antenna module to prevent damage from reflected RF power. 16. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the one or more events comprises detecting a presence of a human within a given distance of the antenna module. 17. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the one or more events comprises detecting excessive reflected RF power. 18. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the control module is further configured to generate control data, the antenna module being configured to transmit the control data to the receiver to control one or more functions of the receiver. 19. The transponder of claim 18, wherein the control data comprises one of data frequency measuring information, transmission timing for the receiver, condition monitoring parameters, and a combination thereof. 20. The transponder of claim 18, wherein the receiver adjusts a data transmission frequency to maximize data sampled by the receiver based on the control data. 21. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to receive condition data generated by the receiver characterizing one or more chemical, electrical and physical quantities associated with the machine and/or a local machine environment. 22. The transponder of claim 21, wherein the condition data comprises one of a temperature, a vibration, an ultrasonic acoustic signature, pressure, voltage, current, a nature of particulates in the local machine environment, chemical vapors, and a combination thereof. 23. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module and the control module are mounted within an enclosure. 24. The transponder of claim 23, wherein the enclosure is configured to remove heat generated by one of the antenna module, the control module, and a combination thereof. 25. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the receiver that monitors the condition of the machine resides in a remote sensor. 26. The transponder of claim 25, wherein the remote sensor is directly coupled to the machine to monitor the condition of the machine. 27. The transponder of claim 14, wherein the antenna module receives condition data generated by the receiver according to one of a Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), and a combination thereof. 28. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the RF power transmitted to the receiver are within a spectrum of 9 kHz to at least 80 GHz, and the low frequency electromagnetic signals are in an alternating-current (AC) range. 29. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the controller module is coupled to a proximity sensor which measures distance of a nearby object using a sensor type comprising one of: optical, acoustic and infrared, and to allow the transponder to function at high power levels when unobstructed. 30. The transponder of claim 29, wherein the RF power transmitted to the antenna module of the sensor is dynamically adjusted in response to the quantified data generated by the sensor. 31. The transponder of claim 13, comprises a RF source to generate synthesized RF signal across an adjustable spectrum to reduce interference with other data communication networks in a same frequency band and to minimize peak power at any one particular frequency. 32. The transponder of claim 31, wherein the RF source is coupled to a balun to convert differential signals into single-ended signals for transmission. | Systems and methods can include a transponder configured to communicate wirelessly with a receiver and sensor module (RSM), wireless communicate with a high-speed network, and radio-frequency (RF) powering of RSM. The high-speed network can include a wired network such as USB or Ethernet, or wireless network such as a WiFi or cellular network. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna module can be configured to transmit radio-frequency (RF) power to a receiver configured to monitor a condition of a machine.1-12. (canceled) 13. A transponder comprising:
an antenna module configured to transmit radio-frequency (RF) power to a receiver configured to monitor a condition of a machine; and a control module configured to dynamically adjust the RF power based on one of (i) a sensor signal generated by a sensor configured to monitor for one or more events in proximity of the antenna module, and (ii) receiver data generated by the receiver, and a combination of (i) and (ii). 14. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to receive the receiver data based on a low-energy wireless network protocol from the receiver. 15. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to provide a feedback signal to the control module, the feedback signal providing a measure of the RF power transmitted by the antenna module, the control module being configured to one of safety limit the transmitted RF power and shut down the antenna module to prevent damage from reflected RF power. 16. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the one or more events comprises detecting a presence of a human within a given distance of the antenna module. 17. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the one or more events comprises detecting excessive reflected RF power. 18. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the control module is further configured to generate control data, the antenna module being configured to transmit the control data to the receiver to control one or more functions of the receiver. 19. The transponder of claim 18, wherein the control data comprises one of data frequency measuring information, transmission timing for the receiver, condition monitoring parameters, and a combination thereof. 20. The transponder of claim 18, wherein the receiver adjusts a data transmission frequency to maximize data sampled by the receiver based on the control data. 21. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to receive condition data generated by the receiver characterizing one or more chemical, electrical and physical quantities associated with the machine and/or a local machine environment. 22. The transponder of claim 21, wherein the condition data comprises one of a temperature, a vibration, an ultrasonic acoustic signature, pressure, voltage, current, a nature of particulates in the local machine environment, chemical vapors, and a combination thereof. 23. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the antenna module and the control module are mounted within an enclosure. 24. The transponder of claim 23, wherein the enclosure is configured to remove heat generated by one of the antenna module, the control module, and a combination thereof. 25. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the receiver that monitors the condition of the machine resides in a remote sensor. 26. The transponder of claim 25, wherein the remote sensor is directly coupled to the machine to monitor the condition of the machine. 27. The transponder of claim 14, wherein the antenna module receives condition data generated by the receiver according to one of a Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), and a combination thereof. 28. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the RF power transmitted to the receiver are within a spectrum of 9 kHz to at least 80 GHz, and the low frequency electromagnetic signals are in an alternating-current (AC) range. 29. The transponder of claim 13, wherein the controller module is coupled to a proximity sensor which measures distance of a nearby object using a sensor type comprising one of: optical, acoustic and infrared, and to allow the transponder to function at high power levels when unobstructed. 30. The transponder of claim 29, wherein the RF power transmitted to the antenna module of the sensor is dynamically adjusted in response to the quantified data generated by the sensor. 31. The transponder of claim 13, comprises a RF source to generate synthesized RF signal across an adjustable spectrum to reduce interference with other data communication networks in a same frequency band and to minimize peak power at any one particular frequency. 32. The transponder of claim 31, wherein the RF source is coupled to a balun to convert differential signals into single-ended signals for transmission. | 2,800 |
343,349 | 16,802,747 | 2,844 | An apparatus that assists an survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, comprising: an input unit configured to accept, for an survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating an survey item, and measured values measured at survey positions; and a processing unit configured to cause a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed as a result of the survey, wherein the input unit further accepts the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of a result of aggregating the input measured values; and of the measured values, the processing unit causes reliability information of the aggregating result of the part to be displayed. | 1. An information processing apparatus that assists a survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, the apparatus comprising:
an input unit configured to accept, for a survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating a survey item of the survey, and measured values measured at a plurality of survey positions in the survey; a storage unit configured to store a result of aggregating the input measured values in association with the identification information, the block information, and the item information; and a processing unit configured to cause a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed in a display unit as a result of the survey executed one or more times for the same block and the same survey item, wherein the input unit further accepts the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit; and of the measured values displayed in the display unit, the processing unit causes reliability information of the aggregating result of the part specified by the user to be displayed in the display unit. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the reliability information is information pertaining to a degree of imbalance in the plurality of survey positions in the block; and for the aggregating result of the part specified by the user, the processing unit causes the plurality of survey positions to be displayed in the display unit in map format along with an outline of the block. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the user has specified an aggregating result for a plurality of surveys among the transitions of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit, the processing unit causes the reliability information to be displayed side-by-side in the display unit for each survey. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of information of the plurality of survey positions for a survey executed for the crop; and the processing unit calculates a trust level of the survey on the basis of the block information and the information of the plurality of survey positions, and causes the trust level to be displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit creates a map in which values based on distances from each survey position in a block are totaled, and calculates a value obtained by dividing a number of pixels for which the totaled value is greater than or equal to a threshold by a number of pixels in the block as the trust level. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit creates clusters, each cluster being a collection of the plurality of survey positions, and calculates a value obtained by dividing the number of clusters by a surface area of the block as the trust level. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of information of the plurality of survey positions for a survey executed for the crop; and the processing unit creates clusters, each cluster being a collection of the plurality of survey positions, and causes an outline of the block and a center of gravity position of each cluster to be displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit divides the block into a mesh, and as the trust level, calculates a value obtained by dividing a number of mesh sections in which a number of survey positions included in each mesh section is greater than or equal to a threshold by a total number of mesh sections in the block. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of information of the plurality of survey positions for a survey executed for the crop; and wherein the processing unit divides the block into a mesh, and causes the reliability information to be displayed in the display unit by displaying a mesh section in which a number of survey positions included in each mesh section is greater than or equal to a threshold in a different display format than a mesh section in which the number of survey positions is less than the threshold. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit calculates a nearest-neighbor distance from each survey position to another survey position in the block, calculates a sum of the nearest-neighbor distances for the survey positions, and calculates the trust level on the basis of the sum. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit calculates a value obtained by dividing a sum of nearest-neighbor distances for the survey positions by a surface area of the block as the trust level. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the storage unit further stores survey position plan information; and the reliability information includes information of a plan position included in the plan information. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the processing unit displays a plan value based on the plan information in the display unit along with the transition in the aggregating result; and when, of the transitions in the aggregating result, there is no record for a survey pertaining to the part specified by the user, information pertaining to imbalance, within the block, of the plan positions included in the plan information, is displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processing unit causes the reliability information, the reliability information being based on a newest state of the survey executed within each of the plurality of blocks obtained by dividing the field, to be displayed in the display unit in a map format expressing the field. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of part information including a survey height and a survey direction at each survey position, for a survey executed for the crop; and the processing unit calculates a trust level of the survey on the basis of the block information, information of the survey position, and the part information, and causes the trust level to be displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processing unit displays the reliability information on the basis of a predetermined priority order when a plurality of types of surveys have been carried out in a single survey. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit displays the measured values of a survey for which the trust level is greater than or equal to a threshold. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the identification information identifying one of the surveys is information of a date and time on which the survey was carried out; and the processing unit switches a display format of the reliability information on the basis of an amount of time that has passed since the survey and the trust level. 19. A method of controlling an information processing apparatus that assists a survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, the method comprising:
accepting, for a survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating a survey item of the survey, and measured values measured at a plurality of survey positions in the survey; storing a result of aggregating the input measured values in association with the identification information, the block information, and the item information; and carrying out processing for causing a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed in a display unit as a result of the survey executed one or more times for the same block and the same survey item, wherein in the inputting, the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit is further accepted; and in the processing, of the measured values displayed in the display unit, reliability information of the aggregating result of the part specified by the user is caused to be displayed in the display unit. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a method of controlling an information processing apparatus that assists a survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, the method comprising:
accepting, for a survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating a survey item of the survey, and measured values measured at a plurality of survey positions in the survey; storing a result of aggregating the input measured values in association with the identification information, the block information, and the item information; and carrying out processing for causing a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed in display unit as a result of the survey executed one or more times for the same block and the same survey item, wherein in the inputting, the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit is further accepted; and in the processing, of the measured values displayed in the display unit, reliability information of the aggregating result of the part specified by the user is caused to be displayed in the display unit. | An apparatus that assists an survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, comprising: an input unit configured to accept, for an survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating an survey item, and measured values measured at survey positions; and a processing unit configured to cause a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed as a result of the survey, wherein the input unit further accepts the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of a result of aggregating the input measured values; and of the measured values, the processing unit causes reliability information of the aggregating result of the part to be displayed.1. An information processing apparatus that assists a survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, the apparatus comprising:
an input unit configured to accept, for a survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating a survey item of the survey, and measured values measured at a plurality of survey positions in the survey; a storage unit configured to store a result of aggregating the input measured values in association with the identification information, the block information, and the item information; and a processing unit configured to cause a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed in a display unit as a result of the survey executed one or more times for the same block and the same survey item, wherein the input unit further accepts the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit; and of the measured values displayed in the display unit, the processing unit causes reliability information of the aggregating result of the part specified by the user to be displayed in the display unit. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the reliability information is information pertaining to a degree of imbalance in the plurality of survey positions in the block; and for the aggregating result of the part specified by the user, the processing unit causes the plurality of survey positions to be displayed in the display unit in map format along with an outline of the block. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the user has specified an aggregating result for a plurality of surveys among the transitions of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit, the processing unit causes the reliability information to be displayed side-by-side in the display unit for each survey. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of information of the plurality of survey positions for a survey executed for the crop; and the processing unit calculates a trust level of the survey on the basis of the block information and the information of the plurality of survey positions, and causes the trust level to be displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit creates a map in which values based on distances from each survey position in a block are totaled, and calculates a value obtained by dividing a number of pixels for which the totaled value is greater than or equal to a threshold by a number of pixels in the block as the trust level. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit creates clusters, each cluster being a collection of the plurality of survey positions, and calculates a value obtained by dividing the number of clusters by a surface area of the block as the trust level. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of information of the plurality of survey positions for a survey executed for the crop; and the processing unit creates clusters, each cluster being a collection of the plurality of survey positions, and causes an outline of the block and a center of gravity position of each cluster to be displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit divides the block into a mesh, and as the trust level, calculates a value obtained by dividing a number of mesh sections in which a number of survey positions included in each mesh section is greater than or equal to a threshold by a total number of mesh sections in the block. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of information of the plurality of survey positions for a survey executed for the crop; and wherein the processing unit divides the block into a mesh, and causes the reliability information to be displayed in the display unit by displaying a mesh section in which a number of survey positions included in each mesh section is greater than or equal to a threshold in a different display format than a mesh section in which the number of survey positions is less than the threshold. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit calculates a nearest-neighbor distance from each survey position to another survey position in the block, calculates a sum of the nearest-neighbor distances for the survey positions, and calculates the trust level on the basis of the sum. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit calculates a value obtained by dividing a sum of nearest-neighbor distances for the survey positions by a surface area of the block as the trust level. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the storage unit further stores survey position plan information; and the reliability information includes information of a plan position included in the plan information. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the processing unit displays a plan value based on the plan information in the display unit along with the transition in the aggregating result; and when, of the transitions in the aggregating result, there is no record for a survey pertaining to the part specified by the user, information pertaining to imbalance, within the block, of the plan positions included in the plan information, is displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processing unit causes the reliability information, the reliability information being based on a newest state of the survey executed within each of the plurality of blocks obtained by dividing the field, to be displayed in the display unit in a map format expressing the field. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the input unit accepts the input of part information including a survey height and a survey direction at each survey position, for a survey executed for the crop; and the processing unit calculates a trust level of the survey on the basis of the block information, information of the survey position, and the part information, and causes the trust level to be displayed in the display unit as the reliability information. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processing unit displays the reliability information on the basis of a predetermined priority order when a plurality of types of surveys have been carried out in a single survey. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the processing unit displays the measured values of a survey for which the trust level is greater than or equal to a threshold. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the identification information identifying one of the surveys is information of a date and time on which the survey was carried out; and the processing unit switches a display format of the reliability information on the basis of an amount of time that has passed since the survey and the trust level. 19. A method of controlling an information processing apparatus that assists a survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, the method comprising:
accepting, for a survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating a survey item of the survey, and measured values measured at a plurality of survey positions in the survey; storing a result of aggregating the input measured values in association with the identification information, the block information, and the item information; and carrying out processing for causing a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed in a display unit as a result of the survey executed one or more times for the same block and the same survey item, wherein in the inputting, the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit is further accepted; and in the processing, of the measured values displayed in the display unit, reliability information of the aggregating result of the part specified by the user is caused to be displayed in the display unit. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a method of controlling an information processing apparatus that assists a survey of a crop cultivated in each of blocks obtained by dividing a field, the method comprising:
accepting, for a survey executed for the crop, the input of identification information identifying at least one of the surveys, block information indicating the block where the survey has been executed, item information indicating a survey item of the survey, and measured values measured at a plurality of survey positions in the survey; storing a result of aggregating the input measured values in association with the identification information, the block information, and the item information; and carrying out processing for causing a transition in the aggregating result to be displayed in display unit as a result of the survey executed one or more times for the same block and the same survey item, wherein in the inputting, the input of a user operation specifying part of the transition of the aggregating result displayed in the display unit is further accepted; and in the processing, of the measured values displayed in the display unit, reliability information of the aggregating result of the part specified by the user is caused to be displayed in the display unit. | 2,800 |
343,350 | 16,802,745 | 2,844 | A switching device includes a number of line sections corresponding to a number of phases, each including a first and a second connection part, for connection to a connection phase of an electrical consumer. At least one controllable semiconductor switching element is provided per phase, wired between the first and second connection part. A bypass unit includes one controllable electromechanical switching element with a low on-resistance per phase. The controllable electromechanical switching element is wired, in parallel with the controllable semiconductor switching element of this phase, between the first and second connection part. The first and second connection part of a respective phase are arranged adjacently on one side of the power module in spatial proximity in a direction of extent. A contact bridge, assigned to a respective phase, runs in the direction of extent in order to electrically connect the first and second connection part in the switched-on state. | 1. A switching device for a single-phase or multiphase electrical consumer, comprising
a number of line sections corresponding to a number of phases, each line section of the number of line sections, including a first connection part, serving as input, for connection to a grid phase and a second connection part, serving as output, for connection to a connection phase of the single-phase or multiphase electrical consumer; a power module including at least one controllable semiconductor switching element for each phase of the number of phases, the at least one controllable semiconductor switching element being wired between the first connection part and the second connection part; a plurality of bypass units, each bypass unit of the plurality of bypass units including at least one controllable electromechanical switching element, with a low on-resistance, for each phase of the number of phases, the at least one controllable electromechanical switching element being wired, in parallel with at least one corresponding controllable semiconductor switching element of a corresponding phase of the number of phases, between the first connection part and the second connection part, the first connection part and the second connection part, of a respective phase of the number of phases, being arranged adjacently next to one another on one side of the power module in spatial proximity in a direction of extent; and a contact bridge of the at least one controllable electromechanical switching element, assigned to a respective phase of the number of phases of the bypass unit, being configured to run in the direction of extent in order to electrically connect the first connection part and the second connection part in a switched-on state. 2. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the power module and the bypass unit are arranged in a common housing. 3. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are arranged behind one another in an arrangement direction running transverse to the direction of extent. 4. The switching device of claim 3, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are bounded laterally by partition walls running in the arrangement direction. 5. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the first connection part and the second connection part are flat sections of connection rails whose ends include flat end sections for connection to connection elements of a grid phase or a connection phase of the consumer. 6. The switching device of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of fan elements, including a fan element for each phase of the number of phases. 7. The switching device of claim 6, wherein each respective fan element, of the plurality of fan elements, is mechanically attached to connection rails belonging to a respective phase of the number of phases. 8. The switching device of claim 6, wherein each respective fan element and each respective bypass unit are arranged on opposing sides of connection rails belonging to the respective phase. 9. The switching device of claim 6, wherein an airflow, generatable by the plurality of fan elements, is configured to impinge on a heat sink thermally conductively connected to the power module in the arrangement direction. 10. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the contact bridges of the electromechanical switching element, assigned to a respective phase of a bypass unit of a multiphase switching device, are arranged in a common imaginary line of the direction of extent. 11. The switching device of claim 1, wherein a transformer unit of the electromechanical switching element, assigned to a respective phase, is designed to connect the contact bridge to the first connection part and the second connection part, wherein the transformer unit is routed in an intermediate space between the first connection part and the second connection part. 12. The switching device of claim 1, further comprising a power module and a bypass unit, to switch three phases of the number of phases. 13. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the switching device is a soft starter for a permanently excited three-phase current machine. 14. The switching device of claim 2, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are arranged behind one another in an arrangement direction running transverse to the direction of extent. 15. The switching device of claim 14, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are bounded laterally by partition walls running in the arrangement direction. 16. The switching device of claim 7, wherein each respective fan element and each respective bypass unit are arranged on opposing sides of connection rails belonging to the respective phase. | A switching device includes a number of line sections corresponding to a number of phases, each including a first and a second connection part, for connection to a connection phase of an electrical consumer. At least one controllable semiconductor switching element is provided per phase, wired between the first and second connection part. A bypass unit includes one controllable electromechanical switching element with a low on-resistance per phase. The controllable electromechanical switching element is wired, in parallel with the controllable semiconductor switching element of this phase, between the first and second connection part. The first and second connection part of a respective phase are arranged adjacently on one side of the power module in spatial proximity in a direction of extent. A contact bridge, assigned to a respective phase, runs in the direction of extent in order to electrically connect the first and second connection part in the switched-on state.1. A switching device for a single-phase or multiphase electrical consumer, comprising
a number of line sections corresponding to a number of phases, each line section of the number of line sections, including a first connection part, serving as input, for connection to a grid phase and a second connection part, serving as output, for connection to a connection phase of the single-phase or multiphase electrical consumer; a power module including at least one controllable semiconductor switching element for each phase of the number of phases, the at least one controllable semiconductor switching element being wired between the first connection part and the second connection part; a plurality of bypass units, each bypass unit of the plurality of bypass units including at least one controllable electromechanical switching element, with a low on-resistance, for each phase of the number of phases, the at least one controllable electromechanical switching element being wired, in parallel with at least one corresponding controllable semiconductor switching element of a corresponding phase of the number of phases, between the first connection part and the second connection part, the first connection part and the second connection part, of a respective phase of the number of phases, being arranged adjacently next to one another on one side of the power module in spatial proximity in a direction of extent; and a contact bridge of the at least one controllable electromechanical switching element, assigned to a respective phase of the number of phases of the bypass unit, being configured to run in the direction of extent in order to electrically connect the first connection part and the second connection part in a switched-on state. 2. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the power module and the bypass unit are arranged in a common housing. 3. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are arranged behind one another in an arrangement direction running transverse to the direction of extent. 4. The switching device of claim 3, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are bounded laterally by partition walls running in the arrangement direction. 5. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the first connection part and the second connection part are flat sections of connection rails whose ends include flat end sections for connection to connection elements of a grid phase or a connection phase of the consumer. 6. The switching device of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of fan elements, including a fan element for each phase of the number of phases. 7. The switching device of claim 6, wherein each respective fan element, of the plurality of fan elements, is mechanically attached to connection rails belonging to a respective phase of the number of phases. 8. The switching device of claim 6, wherein each respective fan element and each respective bypass unit are arranged on opposing sides of connection rails belonging to the respective phase. 9. The switching device of claim 6, wherein an airflow, generatable by the plurality of fan elements, is configured to impinge on a heat sink thermally conductively connected to the power module in the arrangement direction. 10. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the contact bridges of the electromechanical switching element, assigned to a respective phase of a bypass unit of a multiphase switching device, are arranged in a common imaginary line of the direction of extent. 11. The switching device of claim 1, wherein a transformer unit of the electromechanical switching element, assigned to a respective phase, is designed to connect the contact bridge to the first connection part and the second connection part, wherein the transformer unit is routed in an intermediate space between the first connection part and the second connection part. 12. The switching device of claim 1, further comprising a power module and a bypass unit, to switch three phases of the number of phases. 13. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the switching device is a soft starter for a permanently excited three-phase current machine. 14. The switching device of claim 2, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are arranged behind one another in an arrangement direction running transverse to the direction of extent. 15. The switching device of claim 14, wherein the power module and the bypass unit of a respective phase, of the number of phases, are bounded laterally by partition walls running in the arrangement direction. 16. The switching device of claim 7, wherein each respective fan element and each respective bypass unit are arranged on opposing sides of connection rails belonging to the respective phase. | 2,800 |
343,351 | 16,802,774 | 2,844 | A canned motor device includes a fixed seat, a motor unit, and a rear cover protector and a leakproof member. The rear cover protector has a main body portion disposed between a case body and a stator of the motor unit and sleeved around a cylindrical portion of the case body, and an extended portion connected to the main body portion, perpendicular to an axis, fluid-tightly abutting against a flange portion of the case body, and having an outer periphery that surrounds the axis and that has an outline larger than that of an annular periphery of the flange portion of the case body. The leakproof member is mounted between the flange portion of the case body and the extended portion of the rear cover protector. | 1. A canned motor device comprising:
a fixed seat; a motor unit positioned relative to said fixed seat and including
a case body that has
a hollow cylindrical portion extending along and surrounding an axis to define a mounting space therein, and formed with an open end and a closed end, and a flange portion connected to said open end of said cylindrical portion, being perpendicular to the axis , and having an annular periphery that surrounds the axis,
a stator that is sleeved around said case body, and
a rotor that is mounted in said mounting space of said cylindrical portion of said case body;
a rear cover protector having a main body portion that is disposed between said case body and said stator and that is sleeved around said cylindrical portion of said case body, and an extended portion that is connected to the main body portion, that is perpendicular to the axis, that fluid-tightly abuts against said flange portion of said case body, and that has an outer periphery surrounding the axis and having an outline larger than that of said annular periphery of said flange portion of said case body; and a leakproof member mounted between said flange portion of said case body and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. 2. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
said flange portion of said motor unit further has an end surface that faces said extended portion of said rear cover protector and that is indented with a stepped groove; said stepped groove has a large-diameter section that is defined by a groove bottom surface and a groove peripheral surface connected to said groove bottom surface and that is proximate to said end surface, and a small-diameter section that is communicated with said large-diameter section; said extended portion of said rear cover protector has an inner annular section that is mounted to said large-diameter section and that abuts against said groove bottom surface, an outer annular section that surrounds said inner annular section, and a shoulder section that interconnects said inner and outer annular sections; and said outer annular section abuts against said end surface of said flange portion, and said shoulder section abuts against said groove peripheral surface. 3. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
said groove bottom surface of said flange portion of said motor unit is indented with an annular groove that surrounds the axis; and said leakproof member is mounted in said annular groove for maintaining fluid-tightness between said flange portion of said motor unit and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. 4. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a base that is sleeved around said fixed seat, and a sealing ring that is mounted between said base and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. 5. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
said base has an annular main member that surrounds the axis, and a side cover member that extends from said main member along the axis; said main member has an end surface that is for said outer annular section to abut thereagainst and that is indented with a ring groove; and said sealing ring is mounted in said ring groove for maintaining fluid-tightness between said main member of said base and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. | A canned motor device includes a fixed seat, a motor unit, and a rear cover protector and a leakproof member. The rear cover protector has a main body portion disposed between a case body and a stator of the motor unit and sleeved around a cylindrical portion of the case body, and an extended portion connected to the main body portion, perpendicular to an axis, fluid-tightly abutting against a flange portion of the case body, and having an outer periphery that surrounds the axis and that has an outline larger than that of an annular periphery of the flange portion of the case body. The leakproof member is mounted between the flange portion of the case body and the extended portion of the rear cover protector.1. A canned motor device comprising:
a fixed seat; a motor unit positioned relative to said fixed seat and including
a case body that has
a hollow cylindrical portion extending along and surrounding an axis to define a mounting space therein, and formed with an open end and a closed end, and a flange portion connected to said open end of said cylindrical portion, being perpendicular to the axis , and having an annular periphery that surrounds the axis,
a stator that is sleeved around said case body, and
a rotor that is mounted in said mounting space of said cylindrical portion of said case body;
a rear cover protector having a main body portion that is disposed between said case body and said stator and that is sleeved around said cylindrical portion of said case body, and an extended portion that is connected to the main body portion, that is perpendicular to the axis, that fluid-tightly abuts against said flange portion of said case body, and that has an outer periphery surrounding the axis and having an outline larger than that of said annular periphery of said flange portion of said case body; and a leakproof member mounted between said flange portion of said case body and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. 2. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
said flange portion of said motor unit further has an end surface that faces said extended portion of said rear cover protector and that is indented with a stepped groove; said stepped groove has a large-diameter section that is defined by a groove bottom surface and a groove peripheral surface connected to said groove bottom surface and that is proximate to said end surface, and a small-diameter section that is communicated with said large-diameter section; said extended portion of said rear cover protector has an inner annular section that is mounted to said large-diameter section and that abuts against said groove bottom surface, an outer annular section that surrounds said inner annular section, and a shoulder section that interconnects said inner and outer annular sections; and said outer annular section abuts against said end surface of said flange portion, and said shoulder section abuts against said groove peripheral surface. 3. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
said groove bottom surface of said flange portion of said motor unit is indented with an annular groove that surrounds the axis; and said leakproof member is mounted in said annular groove for maintaining fluid-tightness between said flange portion of said motor unit and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. 4. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a base that is sleeved around said fixed seat, and a sealing ring that is mounted between said base and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. 5. The canned motor device as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
said base has an annular main member that surrounds the axis, and a side cover member that extends from said main member along the axis; said main member has an end surface that is for said outer annular section to abut thereagainst and that is indented with a ring groove; and said sealing ring is mounted in said ring groove for maintaining fluid-tightness between said main member of said base and said extended portion of said rear cover protector. | 2,800 |
343,352 | 16,802,738 | 2,844 | In a gas turbine engine, an inside turn duct portion and a nozzle guide vane are engaged together via an engagement part. An axially forward-facing load acting on a reverse flow combustor is transmitted to the vane via the engagement part. Therefore, it is possible to counteract an axially backward-facing load acting on the vane from combustion gas with the axially forward-facing load, thus reducing a bending moment acting on a support part of the vane and enhancing durability. Furthermore, part of the axially forward-facing load acting on the combustor acts on the support part via the vane. The axially forward-facing load acting on the support part of the combustor without via the vane is decreased by the above-mentioned part. Thus, it is possible to reduce bending moments acting on an outside turn duct portion and dome portion of the combustor and enhance durability, thereby preventing degradation of combustion performance. | 1. A gas turbine engine, in which a reverse flow combustor to which air compressed by a compressor is supplied comprises a dome portion, an outside liner portion, an inside liner portion, an outside turn duct portion, and an inside turn duct portion, a nozzle guide vane and the outside turn duct portion being supported on a stationary support body via a support part, and the nozzle guide vane guiding combustion gas generated in the reverse flow combustor to a turbine,
wherein the reverse flow combustor has the inside turn duct portion and the nozzle guide vane engaged with each other via an engagement part, and an axially forward facing load acting on the reverse flow combustor is transmitted to the nozzle guide vane via the engagement part. 2. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
the support part supports a radially inner portion of the outside turn duct portion and a radially inner portion of the nozzle guide vane on the stationary support body, and the engagement part makes the inside turn duct portion and a radially outer portion of the nozzle guide vane engage with each other. 3. The gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein the engagement part comprises an annular first projecting part protruding radially inward from the inside turn duct portion and an annular second projecting part protruding radially outward from the nozzle guide vane. | In a gas turbine engine, an inside turn duct portion and a nozzle guide vane are engaged together via an engagement part. An axially forward-facing load acting on a reverse flow combustor is transmitted to the vane via the engagement part. Therefore, it is possible to counteract an axially backward-facing load acting on the vane from combustion gas with the axially forward-facing load, thus reducing a bending moment acting on a support part of the vane and enhancing durability. Furthermore, part of the axially forward-facing load acting on the combustor acts on the support part via the vane. The axially forward-facing load acting on the support part of the combustor without via the vane is decreased by the above-mentioned part. Thus, it is possible to reduce bending moments acting on an outside turn duct portion and dome portion of the combustor and enhance durability, thereby preventing degradation of combustion performance.1. A gas turbine engine, in which a reverse flow combustor to which air compressed by a compressor is supplied comprises a dome portion, an outside liner portion, an inside liner portion, an outside turn duct portion, and an inside turn duct portion, a nozzle guide vane and the outside turn duct portion being supported on a stationary support body via a support part, and the nozzle guide vane guiding combustion gas generated in the reverse flow combustor to a turbine,
wherein the reverse flow combustor has the inside turn duct portion and the nozzle guide vane engaged with each other via an engagement part, and an axially forward facing load acting on the reverse flow combustor is transmitted to the nozzle guide vane via the engagement part. 2. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein
the support part supports a radially inner portion of the outside turn duct portion and a radially inner portion of the nozzle guide vane on the stationary support body, and the engagement part makes the inside turn duct portion and a radially outer portion of the nozzle guide vane engage with each other. 3. The gas turbine engine according to claim 2, wherein the engagement part comprises an annular first projecting part protruding radially inward from the inside turn duct portion and an annular second projecting part protruding radially outward from the nozzle guide vane. | 2,800 |
343,353 | 16,802,730 | 2,844 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive control signaling that configures a channel measurement resource and an interference measurement resource within a same time interval. The UE may transmit a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based on measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. In some cases, the UE may receive a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship indicator that indicates a QCL relationship for the interference measurement resource or the channel measurement resource. The UE may measure the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource in accordance with the QCL relationship. | 1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving first control signaling that configures a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource; receiving second control signaling that configures a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship; measuring, within a same time interval, the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship based at least in part on the second quasi co-location relationship differing from the first quasi co-location relationship; and transmitting a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on the measuring. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first control signaling comprises:
receiving the first control signaling that indicates to override the second quasi co-location relationship configured for the interference measurement resource. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a non-zero-power channel state information reference signal within the interference measurement resource. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource over a same beam. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling grant based at least in part on the measurement report; and communicating a data transmission, a control transmission, or both, with a base station in accordance with the scheduling grant. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a beam command that indicates a first beam of a plurality of different beams, wherein communicating the data transmission, the control transmission, or both, with the base station uses the first beam. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first periodicity of the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling indicates a second periodicity of the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first periodicity and the second periodicity. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving an aperiodic measurement report trigger indicating a first instance of the channel measurement resource and a first instance of the interference measurement resource, wherein the SINK measurement is generated based at least in part on measuring the first instance of the channel measurement resource and the first instance of the interference measurement resource. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
periodically transmitting an updated measurement report that is generated based at least in part on measuring each instance of the channel measurement resource and a corresponding instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first periodicity and the second periodicity. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first semi-persistent configuration for the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling a second semi-persistent configuration for the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first semi-persistent configuration and the second semi-persistent configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
transmitting an updated measurement report that is generated based at least in part on measuring each instance of the channel measurement resource and a corresponding instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first semi-persistent configuration and the second semi-persistent configuration. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a channel state information reference signal within the channel measurement resource. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a zero-power channel state information reference signal within the interference measurement resource. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource comprises:
measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource based at least in part on using a beam that has the first quasi co-location relationship for each of the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement report is a layer 1 SINR (L1-SINR) report. 18. A method for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:
transmitting first control signaling to configure a user equipment (UE) with a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource; transmitting second control signaling that configures the UE with a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship; and receiving, from the UE, a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on a measurement, within a same time interval, of the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting the first control signaling that indicates to override the second quasi co-location relationship configured for the interference measurement resource. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a non-zero-power channel state information reference signal within the interference measurement resource. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a reference signal within the interference measurement resource using a beam that has the first quasi co-location relationship for each of the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a scheduling grant based at least in part on the measurement report; and communicating a data transmission, a control transmission, or both, with the UE in accordance with the scheduling grant. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first periodicity of the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling indicates a second periodicity of the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first periodicity and the second periodicity. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first semi-persistent configuration for the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling indicates a second semi-persistent configuration for the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first semi-persistent configuration and the second semi-persistent configuration. 27. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a reference signal within the channel measurement resource using a beam that has the first quasi co-location relationship for each of the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. 28. The method of claim 18, wherein the measurement report is a layer 1 SINR (L1-SINR) report. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive first control signaling that configures a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource;
receive second control signaling that configures a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship;
measure, within a same time interval, the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship based at least in part on the second quasi co-location relationship differing from the first quasi co-location relationship; and
transmit a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on measuring, within a same time interval, the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit first control signaling to configure a user equipment (UE) with a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource;
transmit second control signaling that configures the UE with a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship and
receive, from the UE, a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on a measurement, within a same time interval, of the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive control signaling that configures a channel measurement resource and an interference measurement resource within a same time interval. The UE may transmit a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based on measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. In some cases, the UE may receive a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship indicator that indicates a QCL relationship for the interference measurement resource or the channel measurement resource. The UE may measure the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource in accordance with the QCL relationship.1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving first control signaling that configures a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource; receiving second control signaling that configures a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship; measuring, within a same time interval, the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship based at least in part on the second quasi co-location relationship differing from the first quasi co-location relationship; and transmitting a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on the measuring. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first control signaling comprises:
receiving the first control signaling that indicates to override the second quasi co-location relationship configured for the interference measurement resource. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a non-zero-power channel state information reference signal within the interference measurement resource. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource over a same beam. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling grant based at least in part on the measurement report; and communicating a data transmission, a control transmission, or both, with a base station in accordance with the scheduling grant. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a beam command that indicates a first beam of a plurality of different beams, wherein communicating the data transmission, the control transmission, or both, with the base station uses the first beam. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first periodicity of the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling indicates a second periodicity of the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first periodicity and the second periodicity. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving an aperiodic measurement report trigger indicating a first instance of the channel measurement resource and a first instance of the interference measurement resource, wherein the SINK measurement is generated based at least in part on measuring the first instance of the channel measurement resource and the first instance of the interference measurement resource. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
periodically transmitting an updated measurement report that is generated based at least in part on measuring each instance of the channel measurement resource and a corresponding instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first periodicity and the second periodicity. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first semi-persistent configuration for the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling a second semi-persistent configuration for the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first semi-persistent configuration and the second semi-persistent configuration. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
transmitting an updated measurement report that is generated based at least in part on measuring each instance of the channel measurement resource and a corresponding instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first semi-persistent configuration and the second semi-persistent configuration. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a channel state information reference signal within the channel measurement resource. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a zero-power channel state information reference signal within the interference measurement resource. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource comprises:
measuring the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource based at least in part on using a beam that has the first quasi co-location relationship for each of the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement report is a layer 1 SINR (L1-SINR) report. 18. A method for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:
transmitting first control signaling to configure a user equipment (UE) with a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource; transmitting second control signaling that configures the UE with a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship; and receiving, from the UE, a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on a measurement, within a same time interval, of the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting the first control signaling that indicates to override the second quasi co-location relationship configured for the interference measurement resource. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a non-zero-power channel state information reference signal within the interference measurement resource. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a reference signal within the interference measurement resource using a beam that has the first quasi co-location relationship for each of the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a scheduling grant based at least in part on the measurement report; and communicating a data transmission, a control transmission, or both, with the UE in accordance with the scheduling grant. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first periodicity of the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling indicates a second periodicity of the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first periodicity and the second periodicity. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein
the first control signaling indicates a first semi-persistent configuration for the channel measurement resource and the second control signaling indicates a second semi-persistent configuration for the interference measurement resource, wherein each instance of the channel measurement resource occurs within a respective time interval that includes a respective instance of the interference measurement resource based at least in part on the first semi-persistent configuration and the second semi-persistent configuration. 27. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting a reference signal within the channel measurement resource using a beam that has the first quasi co-location relationship for each of the channel measurement resource and the interference measurement resource. 28. The method of claim 18, wherein the measurement report is a layer 1 SINR (L1-SINR) report. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive first control signaling that configures a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource;
receive second control signaling that configures a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship;
measure, within a same time interval, the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship based at least in part on the second quasi co-location relationship differing from the first quasi co-location relationship; and
transmit a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on measuring, within a same time interval, the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit first control signaling to configure a user equipment (UE) with a first quasi co-location relationship for a channel measurement resource;
transmit second control signaling that configures the UE with a second quasi co-location relationship for an interference measurement resource that differs from the first quasi co-location relationship and
receive, from the UE, a measurement report that indicates a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement that is generated based at least in part on a measurement, within a same time interval, of the channel measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship and the interference measurement resource using the first quasi co-location relationship. | 2,800 |
343,354 | 16,802,756 | 2,844 | A display may have an active area that includes display pixels. The display may include an inactive notch region that extends into the active area. Data lines may provide image data from display driver circuitry to the display pixels. The image data may include data signals that correspond to portions of the display that do not include pixels, such as the inactive notch region. The null data signals may cause nonuniformities in the displayed image. The null data signals may be adjusted to minimize the nonuniformities. Null data signals corresponding to the inactive notch region may be adjusted to have gray levels that gradually decrease with distance from the border between the inactive notch and the active area. All of the data signals corresponding to the inactive notch may be set to a uniform gray level. | 1. A display, comprising:
display pixels that form an active area; an inactive region that extends at least partially into the active area; and display driver circuitry configured to provide image data to the display pixels in the active area, to provide black data corresponding to a first portion of the inactive region, and to provide gray data corresponding to a second portion of the inactive region different than the first portion. 2. The display of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises a first row, and wherein the second portion comprises a second row. 3. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region comprises a notch-shaped recess. 4. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region comprises a notch. 5. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region protrudes into the active area. 6. The display of claim 1, further comprising:
a transition region formed in the inactive region, wherein the display driver circuitry is further configured to provide gradually decreasing gray values corresponding to the transition region. 7. The display of claim 6, wherein the black data corresponds to an edge of the transition region. 8. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region is configured to accommodate a component selected from the group consisting of: a speaker, a camera, an ambient light sensor, and a proximity sensor. 9. A display, comprising:
display pixels forming an active area; an inactive region in the active area; a pixel luminance degradation compensation circuit configured to reduce a brightness of the display based on pixel aging information; and display driver circuitry configured to provide active data signal to the display pixels and inactive data signals corresponding to the inactive region, wherein the inactive data signals are attenuated to prevent the pixel luminance degradation compensation circuit from reducing the brightness of the display based on the pixel aging information corresponding to the inactive region. 10. The display of claim 9, wherein the inactive data signals are adaptively adjusted to provide a smooth visual transition between the active area and the inactive region. 11. The display of claim 9, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals comprise black data signals. 12. The display of claim 11, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals further comprise gray data signals. 13. The display of claim 9, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals comprise gray data signals. 14. The display of claim 13, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals comprise gray data signals with a plurality of different gray values. 15. The display of claim 14, wherein the plurality of different gray values comprises linearly decreasing gray values. 16. The display of claim 14, wherein the plurality of different gray values comprises exponentially decreasing gray values. 17. A display, comprising:
display pixels forming an active area; an inactive region in the active area that is at least partially surrounded by the display pixels from at least three sides; and display driver circuitry configured to provide active data signals to the display pixels and to provide inactive data signals corresponding to the inactive region to prevent premature display dimming. 18. The display of claim 17, wherein the inactive data signals comprises only black and gray data signals. 19. The display of claim 17, wherein the inactive data signals are generated from the active data signals. 20. The display of claim 17, wherein the inactive region is configured to accommodate an optical sensor. | A display may have an active area that includes display pixels. The display may include an inactive notch region that extends into the active area. Data lines may provide image data from display driver circuitry to the display pixels. The image data may include data signals that correspond to portions of the display that do not include pixels, such as the inactive notch region. The null data signals may cause nonuniformities in the displayed image. The null data signals may be adjusted to minimize the nonuniformities. Null data signals corresponding to the inactive notch region may be adjusted to have gray levels that gradually decrease with distance from the border between the inactive notch and the active area. All of the data signals corresponding to the inactive notch may be set to a uniform gray level.1. A display, comprising:
display pixels that form an active area; an inactive region that extends at least partially into the active area; and display driver circuitry configured to provide image data to the display pixels in the active area, to provide black data corresponding to a first portion of the inactive region, and to provide gray data corresponding to a second portion of the inactive region different than the first portion. 2. The display of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises a first row, and wherein the second portion comprises a second row. 3. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region comprises a notch-shaped recess. 4. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region comprises a notch. 5. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region protrudes into the active area. 6. The display of claim 1, further comprising:
a transition region formed in the inactive region, wherein the display driver circuitry is further configured to provide gradually decreasing gray values corresponding to the transition region. 7. The display of claim 6, wherein the black data corresponds to an edge of the transition region. 8. The display of claim 1, wherein the inactive region is configured to accommodate a component selected from the group consisting of: a speaker, a camera, an ambient light sensor, and a proximity sensor. 9. A display, comprising:
display pixels forming an active area; an inactive region in the active area; a pixel luminance degradation compensation circuit configured to reduce a brightness of the display based on pixel aging information; and display driver circuitry configured to provide active data signal to the display pixels and inactive data signals corresponding to the inactive region, wherein the inactive data signals are attenuated to prevent the pixel luminance degradation compensation circuit from reducing the brightness of the display based on the pixel aging information corresponding to the inactive region. 10. The display of claim 9, wherein the inactive data signals are adaptively adjusted to provide a smooth visual transition between the active area and the inactive region. 11. The display of claim 9, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals comprise black data signals. 12. The display of claim 11, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals further comprise gray data signals. 13. The display of claim 9, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals comprise gray data signals. 14. The display of claim 13, wherein the attenuated inactive data signals comprise gray data signals with a plurality of different gray values. 15. The display of claim 14, wherein the plurality of different gray values comprises linearly decreasing gray values. 16. The display of claim 14, wherein the plurality of different gray values comprises exponentially decreasing gray values. 17. A display, comprising:
display pixels forming an active area; an inactive region in the active area that is at least partially surrounded by the display pixels from at least three sides; and display driver circuitry configured to provide active data signals to the display pixels and to provide inactive data signals corresponding to the inactive region to prevent premature display dimming. 18. The display of claim 17, wherein the inactive data signals comprises only black and gray data signals. 19. The display of claim 17, wherein the inactive data signals are generated from the active data signals. 20. The display of claim 17, wherein the inactive region is configured to accommodate an optical sensor. | 2,800 |
343,355 | 16,802,742 | 2,844 | Therapeutic compositions deliver a therapeutic amount of methylphenidate in a delayed and extended release formulation. The dosage form exhibits a lag time prior to release of from 6 to 8 hours or longer, followed by a sustained release period. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a composition comprising coated particles, said particles comprising:
a core comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose, and an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core, wherein the sustained release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer, wherein the delayed release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, talc, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, diglycerides and polysorbate 80; 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. 17. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a composition comprising coated particles, said particles comprising:
a core comprising an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further comprise microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. 24. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a composition comprising coated particles, said particles consisting of:
a core comprising an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further consist of microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 30. The method of claim 24, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. 31. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer; and
a delayed release layer;
wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. | Therapeutic compositions deliver a therapeutic amount of methylphenidate in a delayed and extended release formulation. The dosage form exhibits a lag time prior to release of from 6 to 8 hours or longer, followed by a sustained release period.1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a composition comprising coated particles, said particles comprising:
a core comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose, and an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core, wherein the sustained release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer, wherein the delayed release layer comprises dibutyl sebacate, talc, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, diglycerides and polysorbate 80; 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. 17. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a composition comprising coated particles, said particles comprising:
a core comprising an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further comprise microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. 24. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a composition comprising coated particles, said particles consisting of:
a core comprising an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer;
wherein the coated particles further consist of microcrystalline cellulose, dibutyl sebacate, diglycerides, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, monoglycerides, polysorbate 80 and talc; and wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 30. The method of claim 24, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. 31. A method of treating a pediatric or adolescent subject having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comprising:
orally administering a solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising:
an effective amount of methylphenidate hydrochloride;
a sustained release layer; and
a delayed release layer;
wherein the composition provides at least a 6 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride followed by a sustained release period with a median Tmax of about 12-16 hours when administered to healthy adults. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least an 8 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than about 5% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the composition provides at least a 10 hour lag time during which the composition releases no more than 10% of the total methylphenidate hydrochloride. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the composition is contained in a capsule. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides the pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Scale (SKAMP) combined scores for a period from about 11 hours through about 23 hours after the administering in the evening. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein:
the administering is in the evening; and the method provides pediatric or adolescent subjects having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a significant improvement compared to a placebo in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) Total Score, Before School Functioning Questionnaire (BSFQ) score, and/or Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior-Revised (PREMB-R AM) score. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein the effective amount is 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg or 100 mg. | 2,800 |
343,356 | 16,802,655 | 2,844 | This disclosure relates to model loading. In one aspect, a method includes determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes. Each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node. Loading requests are sent to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests. The execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node. Multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks. Each loading request includes loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent. The execution processes include a respective execution process for each model service framework. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes, wherein each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node; and sending loading requests to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests, wherein:
the execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node;
multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks;
each loading request comprises loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent; and
the execution processes comprise a respective execution process for each model service framework. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes comprises determining a quantity of models corresponding to each execution node based on a total quantity of models declared in the execution script, resource information corresponding to each model, and the resource information of the multiple execution nodes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the resource information corresponding to each model comprises a memory capacity required to load the model. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the multiple models comprises multiple types of models and the model service frameworks of the cluster nodes comprise different types of model service frameworks, the method further comprising determining the models for each execution node based on the types of model service frameworks of each cluster node and the types of the models. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein sending loading requests to the execution nodes comprises sending a respective loading request to each execution node, wherein each loading request comprises data specifying model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, a quantity of model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, and the respective execution process for each model service framework to be started on the execution node. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each cluster node comprises at least one of a physical machine, a virtual machine, or a container. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the resource information of each execution node comprises at least one of a quantity of CPU cores of the cluster node on which the execution node is located or a remaining memory capacity of the cluster node on which the execution node is located. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each model comprises a machine learning model and each model service framework comprises a machine learning framework. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes, wherein each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node; and sending loading requests to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests, wherein:
the execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node;
multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks;
each loading request comprises loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent; and
the execution processes comprise a respective execution process for each model service framework. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes comprises determining a quantity of models corresponding to each execution node based on a total quantity of models declared in the execution script, resource information corresponding to each model, and the resource information of the multiple execution nodes. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the resource information corresponding to each model comprises a memory capacity required to load the model. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the multiple models comprises multiple types of models and the model service frameworks of the cluster nodes comprise different types of model service frameworks, the operations further comprising determining the models for each execution node based on the types of model service frameworks of each cluster node and the types of the models. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes, wherein each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node; and
sending loading requests to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests, wherein:
the execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node;
multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks;
each loading request comprises loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent; and
the execution processes comprise a respective execution process for each model service framework. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes comprises determining a quantity of models corresponding to each execution node based on a total quantity of models declared in the execution script, resource information corresponding to each model, and the resource information of the multiple execution nodes. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the resource information corresponding to each model comprises a memory capacity required to load the model. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the multiple models comprises multiple types of models and the model service frameworks of the cluster nodes comprise different types of model service frameworks, the operations further comprising determining the models for each execution node based on the types of model service frameworks of each cluster node and the types of the models. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein sending loading requests to the execution nodes comprises sending a respective loading request to each execution node, wherein each loading request comprises data specifying model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, a quantity of model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, and the respective execution process for each model service framework to be started on the execution node. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each cluster node comprises at least one of a physical machine, a virtual machine, or a container. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the resource information of each execution node comprises at least one of a quantity of CPU cores of the cluster node on which the execution node is located or a remaining memory capacity of the cluster node on which the execution node is located. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each model comprises a machine learning model and each model service framework comprises a machine learning framework. | This disclosure relates to model loading. In one aspect, a method includes determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes. Each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node. Loading requests are sent to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests. The execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node. Multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks. Each loading request includes loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent. The execution processes include a respective execution process for each model service framework.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes, wherein each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node; and sending loading requests to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests, wherein:
the execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node;
multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks;
each loading request comprises loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent; and
the execution processes comprise a respective execution process for each model service framework. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes comprises determining a quantity of models corresponding to each execution node based on a total quantity of models declared in the execution script, resource information corresponding to each model, and the resource information of the multiple execution nodes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the resource information corresponding to each model comprises a memory capacity required to load the model. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the multiple models comprises multiple types of models and the model service frameworks of the cluster nodes comprise different types of model service frameworks, the method further comprising determining the models for each execution node based on the types of model service frameworks of each cluster node and the types of the models. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein sending loading requests to the execution nodes comprises sending a respective loading request to each execution node, wherein each loading request comprises data specifying model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, a quantity of model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, and the respective execution process for each model service framework to be started on the execution node. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each cluster node comprises at least one of a physical machine, a virtual machine, or a container. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the resource information of each execution node comprises at least one of a quantity of CPU cores of the cluster node on which the execution node is located or a remaining memory capacity of the cluster node on which the execution node is located. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each model comprises a machine learning model and each model service framework comprises a machine learning framework. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes, wherein each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node; and sending loading requests to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests, wherein:
the execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node;
multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks;
each loading request comprises loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent; and
the execution processes comprise a respective execution process for each model service framework. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes comprises determining a quantity of models corresponding to each execution node based on a total quantity of models declared in the execution script, resource information corresponding to each model, and the resource information of the multiple execution nodes. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the resource information corresponding to each model comprises a memory capacity required to load the model. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the multiple models comprises multiple types of models and the model service frameworks of the cluster nodes comprise different types of model service frameworks, the operations further comprising determining the models for each execution node based on the types of model service frameworks of each cluster node and the types of the models. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes, wherein each execution node is deployed on a corresponding cluster node; and
sending loading requests to the execution nodes, thereby causing the execution nodes to start execution processes based on the corresponding loading requests, wherein:
the execution processes start multiple model service frameworks on each cluster node;
multiple models are loaded onto each of the model service frameworks;
each loading request comprises loading-tasks corresponding to the execution node to which the loading request was sent; and
the execution processes comprise a respective execution process for each model service framework. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein determining, based on a preset execution script and resource information of multiple execution nodes, loading-tasks corresponding to the execution nodes comprises determining a quantity of models corresponding to each execution node based on a total quantity of models declared in the execution script, resource information corresponding to each model, and the resource information of the multiple execution nodes. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the resource information corresponding to each model comprises a memory capacity required to load the model. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the multiple models comprises multiple types of models and the model service frameworks of the cluster nodes comprise different types of model service frameworks, the operations further comprising determining the models for each execution node based on the types of model service frameworks of each cluster node and the types of the models. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein sending loading requests to the execution nodes comprises sending a respective loading request to each execution node, wherein each loading request comprises data specifying model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, a quantity of model service frameworks to be started on the execution node, and the respective execution process for each model service framework to be started on the execution node. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each cluster node comprises at least one of a physical machine, a virtual machine, or a container. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the resource information of each execution node comprises at least one of a quantity of CPU cores of the cluster node on which the execution node is located or a remaining memory capacity of the cluster node on which the execution node is located. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein each model comprises a machine learning model and each model service framework comprises a machine learning framework. | 2,800 |
343,357 | 16,802,753 | 2,844 | Methods, devices, and systems of delivering infusion fluid (e.g., medication such as insulin) can detect, at multiple times during a dispensation period of time, a pressure level of the infusion fluid in an infusion fluid pathway, either directly or indirectly. Based on the detected pressure levels, one or more actual dispensation times that are after an intended dispensation time can be determined. In some cases, methods, devices, and systems provided herein can use variable occlusion alarm thresholds, which can depend on variables such as an age of an infusion set and/or a current analyte level. In some cases, methods, devices, and systems provided herein can automate medication delivery and use the actual dispensation times in a control algorithm determining medication deliveries. | 1. A method for detecting an occlusion in an automated medication delivery system comprising:
detecting at least one real-time analyte level for a user; determining a dosage of medication for delivery to the user based on the at least one real-time analyte level, wherein the dosage of medication is determined without user input; initiating a dispensation of the determined dosage of the medication using a medication delivery device; measuring a pressure of the medication in an infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device; and initiating an occlusion alarm if the measured pressure exceeds a variable threshold, the variable threshold being dependent upon at least one detected blood glucose value. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the variable threshold is further dependent on a timing of one or more recent dispensations, amount of one or more recent dispensations, type of one or more recent dispensations, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the medication is insulin and the analyte levels are glucose levels. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the dosage of insulin for delivery to the user includes using a control algorithm adapted to minimize variations of glucose levels from a desired target or range, wherein the control algorithm includes an estimation of insulin-on-board. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the estimation of insulin-on-board excludes an estimation of insulin-in-transit, wherein the insulin-in-transit is estimated based on the detected pressure level. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein at least part of an estimated insulin-in-transit is included as part of the estimated insulin-on-board if the detected pressure level decreases. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
initiating an alarm inducing dispensation of insulin if the measured pressure is below the variable threshold but above a suspected occlusion threshold in response to determining that the delivery of the insulin-in-transit and the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin is safe based at least in part upon the at least one real-time blood glucose level; and initiating an occlusion alarm if the measured pressure after the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin increases by a predetermined amount or above the variable threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin is less than or equal to a maximum basal insulin dose to be delivered to the user over the next hour;
wherein if the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin does not result in the initiation of the occlusion alarm and the control algorithm does not automate subsequent basal insulin deliveries, the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin is subtracted from future programmed basal insulin doses. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device comprises measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device at multiple times during a dispensation period of time, the method further comprising:
comparing each of the pressure measurements detected at the multiple times during the dispensation period to the variable threshold; determining, based on one or more of the detected pressure measurements exceeding the variable threshold, that the intended dispensation did not enter the user. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising initiating a notification that the infusion set is not coupled to the user in response to determining that the intended dispensation did not enter the user. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device comprises measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device at multiple times during a dispensation period of time, the method further comprising:
comparing each of the pressure measurements detected at the multiple times during the dispensation period to the variable threshold; determining, based on one or more of the detected pressure measurements exceeding the variable threshold, that the dispensation occurred at an actual dispensation time that is delayed from an intended dispensation time. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the medication comprises insulin, the method further comprising:
calculating an estimate of insulin-on-board based on the amount of the medication delivered from the actual dispensation time; calculating a suggested insulin dosage based on the calculated insulin-on-board. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising predicting a future blood glucose level based on the actual dispensation time and the amount of the medication delivered from the actual dispensation time. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the medication comprises insulin, the method further comprising:
determining an amount of insulin that is stuck in transit in the infusion fluid pathway of the pump based on the pressure measurements wherein the actual dispensation time is determined based on a time that detected pressure decreases to a predetermined level, wherein an amount of insulin stuck in transit is excluded from an insulin-on-board calculation performed by control circuitry of the medication delivery system. 15. A method for detecting an occlusion in an automated medication delivery system comprising:
detecting at least one real-time analyte level for a user; determining a dosage of medication for delivery to the user based on the at least one real-time analyte level; initiating a dispensation of the determined dosage of the medication using a medication delivery device; measuring a pressure of the medication in an infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device; and initiating an occlusion alarm if the measured pressure exceeds a variable threshold, the variable threshold being dependent upon at least one detected blood analyte value. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the variable threshold is further dependent on a timing of one or more recent dispensations, amount of one or more recent dispensations, type of one or more recent dispensations, or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the medication is insulin and the analyte is glucose. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the dosage of insulin for delivery to the user includes using a control algorithm adapted to minimize variations of glucose levels from a desired target or range, wherein the control algorithm includes an estimation of insulin-on-board. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the estimation of insulin-on-board excludes an estimation of insulin-in-transit, wherein the insulin-in-transit is estimated based on the detected pressure level. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least part of an estimated insulin-in-transit is included as part of the estimated insulin-on-board if the detected pressure level decreases. | Methods, devices, and systems of delivering infusion fluid (e.g., medication such as insulin) can detect, at multiple times during a dispensation period of time, a pressure level of the infusion fluid in an infusion fluid pathway, either directly or indirectly. Based on the detected pressure levels, one or more actual dispensation times that are after an intended dispensation time can be determined. In some cases, methods, devices, and systems provided herein can use variable occlusion alarm thresholds, which can depend on variables such as an age of an infusion set and/or a current analyte level. In some cases, methods, devices, and systems provided herein can automate medication delivery and use the actual dispensation times in a control algorithm determining medication deliveries.1. A method for detecting an occlusion in an automated medication delivery system comprising:
detecting at least one real-time analyte level for a user; determining a dosage of medication for delivery to the user based on the at least one real-time analyte level, wherein the dosage of medication is determined without user input; initiating a dispensation of the determined dosage of the medication using a medication delivery device; measuring a pressure of the medication in an infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device; and initiating an occlusion alarm if the measured pressure exceeds a variable threshold, the variable threshold being dependent upon at least one detected blood glucose value. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the variable threshold is further dependent on a timing of one or more recent dispensations, amount of one or more recent dispensations, type of one or more recent dispensations, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the medication is insulin and the analyte levels are glucose levels. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the dosage of insulin for delivery to the user includes using a control algorithm adapted to minimize variations of glucose levels from a desired target or range, wherein the control algorithm includes an estimation of insulin-on-board. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the estimation of insulin-on-board excludes an estimation of insulin-in-transit, wherein the insulin-in-transit is estimated based on the detected pressure level. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein at least part of an estimated insulin-in-transit is included as part of the estimated insulin-on-board if the detected pressure level decreases. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
initiating an alarm inducing dispensation of insulin if the measured pressure is below the variable threshold but above a suspected occlusion threshold in response to determining that the delivery of the insulin-in-transit and the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin is safe based at least in part upon the at least one real-time blood glucose level; and initiating an occlusion alarm if the measured pressure after the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin increases by a predetermined amount or above the variable threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin is less than or equal to a maximum basal insulin dose to be delivered to the user over the next hour;
wherein if the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin does not result in the initiation of the occlusion alarm and the control algorithm does not automate subsequent basal insulin deliveries, the alarm inducing dispensation of insulin is subtracted from future programmed basal insulin doses. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device comprises measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device at multiple times during a dispensation period of time, the method further comprising:
comparing each of the pressure measurements detected at the multiple times during the dispensation period to the variable threshold; determining, based on one or more of the detected pressure measurements exceeding the variable threshold, that the intended dispensation did not enter the user. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising initiating a notification that the infusion set is not coupled to the user in response to determining that the intended dispensation did not enter the user. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device comprises measuring the pressure of the medication in the infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device at multiple times during a dispensation period of time, the method further comprising:
comparing each of the pressure measurements detected at the multiple times during the dispensation period to the variable threshold; determining, based on one or more of the detected pressure measurements exceeding the variable threshold, that the dispensation occurred at an actual dispensation time that is delayed from an intended dispensation time. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the medication comprises insulin, the method further comprising:
calculating an estimate of insulin-on-board based on the amount of the medication delivered from the actual dispensation time; calculating a suggested insulin dosage based on the calculated insulin-on-board. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising predicting a future blood glucose level based on the actual dispensation time and the amount of the medication delivered from the actual dispensation time. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the medication comprises insulin, the method further comprising:
determining an amount of insulin that is stuck in transit in the infusion fluid pathway of the pump based on the pressure measurements wherein the actual dispensation time is determined based on a time that detected pressure decreases to a predetermined level, wherein an amount of insulin stuck in transit is excluded from an insulin-on-board calculation performed by control circuitry of the medication delivery system. 15. A method for detecting an occlusion in an automated medication delivery system comprising:
detecting at least one real-time analyte level for a user; determining a dosage of medication for delivery to the user based on the at least one real-time analyte level; initiating a dispensation of the determined dosage of the medication using a medication delivery device; measuring a pressure of the medication in an infusion fluid pathway of the medication delivery device; and initiating an occlusion alarm if the measured pressure exceeds a variable threshold, the variable threshold being dependent upon at least one detected blood analyte value. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the variable threshold is further dependent on a timing of one or more recent dispensations, amount of one or more recent dispensations, type of one or more recent dispensations, or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the medication is insulin and the analyte is glucose. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the dosage of insulin for delivery to the user includes using a control algorithm adapted to minimize variations of glucose levels from a desired target or range, wherein the control algorithm includes an estimation of insulin-on-board. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the estimation of insulin-on-board excludes an estimation of insulin-in-transit, wherein the insulin-in-transit is estimated based on the detected pressure level. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least part of an estimated insulin-in-transit is included as part of the estimated insulin-on-board if the detected pressure level decreases. | 2,800 |
343,358 | 16,802,766 | 2,844 | A shield terminal (10) includes an inner conductor terminal (11), an outer conductor terminal (13), a dielectric (12) and a capacitor serving as an electronic element (16). The outer conductor terminal (13) surrounds the inner conductor terminal (11) and is connected to a shield portion (93) of a shielded cable (90). The dielectric (12) is arranged between the inner conductor terminal (11) and the outer conductor terminal (13). The electronic element (16) includes a core connecting portion (43) to be connected to a core (91) of the shielded cable (90) and an inner conductor connecting portion (42) to be connected to the inner conductor terminal (11). In the shield terminal (10), an insulating short circuit preventing member (14) is arranged between the core connecting portion (43) and the outer conductor terminal (13). | 1. A shield terminal (10), comprising:
an inner conductor terminal (11); an outer conductor terminal (13) surrounding the inner conductor terminal (11), the outer conductor terminal (13) being connected to a shield (93) of a shielded cable (90); a dielectric (12) arranged between the inner conductor terminal (11) and the outer conductor terminal (12); an electronic element (16) including a core connecting portion (43) to be connected to a core (91) of the shielded cable (90) and an inner conductor connecting portion (42) to be connected to the inner conductor terminal (11); and an insulating short circuit preventing member (14) arranged between the core connecting portion (43) and the outer conductor terminal (13). 2. The shield terminal (10) of claim 1, wherein the short circuit preventing member (14) is separate from the dielectric (12) and is arranged away from the dielectric (12). 3. The shield terminal of claim 2, wherein the outer conductor terminal (13) is provided with a tool insertion hole (47) open between the short circuit preventing member (14) and the dielectric (12), and the inner conductor connecting portion (42) is arranged to face the tool insertion hole (47). 4. The shield terminal of claim 3, wherein the short circuit preventing member (14) includes a support (45) to be locked to the outer conductor terminal (13), the electronic element (16) being placed and supported on the support (45). 5. The shield terminal of claim 1, wherein the short circuit preventing member (14) includes a supporting portion (45) to be locked to the outer conductor terminal (13), the electronic element (16) being placed and supported on the supporting portion (45). | A shield terminal (10) includes an inner conductor terminal (11), an outer conductor terminal (13), a dielectric (12) and a capacitor serving as an electronic element (16). The outer conductor terminal (13) surrounds the inner conductor terminal (11) and is connected to a shield portion (93) of a shielded cable (90). The dielectric (12) is arranged between the inner conductor terminal (11) and the outer conductor terminal (13). The electronic element (16) includes a core connecting portion (43) to be connected to a core (91) of the shielded cable (90) and an inner conductor connecting portion (42) to be connected to the inner conductor terminal (11). In the shield terminal (10), an insulating short circuit preventing member (14) is arranged between the core connecting portion (43) and the outer conductor terminal (13).1. A shield terminal (10), comprising:
an inner conductor terminal (11); an outer conductor terminal (13) surrounding the inner conductor terminal (11), the outer conductor terminal (13) being connected to a shield (93) of a shielded cable (90); a dielectric (12) arranged between the inner conductor terminal (11) and the outer conductor terminal (12); an electronic element (16) including a core connecting portion (43) to be connected to a core (91) of the shielded cable (90) and an inner conductor connecting portion (42) to be connected to the inner conductor terminal (11); and an insulating short circuit preventing member (14) arranged between the core connecting portion (43) and the outer conductor terminal (13). 2. The shield terminal (10) of claim 1, wherein the short circuit preventing member (14) is separate from the dielectric (12) and is arranged away from the dielectric (12). 3. The shield terminal of claim 2, wherein the outer conductor terminal (13) is provided with a tool insertion hole (47) open between the short circuit preventing member (14) and the dielectric (12), and the inner conductor connecting portion (42) is arranged to face the tool insertion hole (47). 4. The shield terminal of claim 3, wherein the short circuit preventing member (14) includes a support (45) to be locked to the outer conductor terminal (13), the electronic element (16) being placed and supported on the support (45). 5. The shield terminal of claim 1, wherein the short circuit preventing member (14) includes a supporting portion (45) to be locked to the outer conductor terminal (13), the electronic element (16) being placed and supported on the supporting portion (45). | 2,800 |
343,359 | 16,802,771 | 2,844 | A memory system includes: a memory device; a first queue suitable for queuing commands received from a host; a second queue suitable for enqueuing the commands from the first queue and dequeuing the commands to the memory device according to the FIFO scheme; and a processor suitable for: delaying enqueuing a read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed when a logical address of a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address corresponding to the read command enqueued in the first queue; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command, which is enqueued in the first queue after the read command, into the second queue. | 1. A memory system, comprising:
a memory device; a first queue suitable for queuing commands received from a host; a second queue suitable for enqueuing the commands from the first queue and dequeuing the commands to the memory device according to the FIFO scheme; and a processor suitable for: delaying enqueuing a read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed when a logical address of a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address corresponding to the read command enqueued in the first queue; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command, which is enqueued in the first queue after the read command, into the second queue. 2. The memory system of claim 1, further comprising: a memory suitable for storing a list of a logical address of the write command for which the program operation is being performed. 3. The memory system of claim 2, further comprising: a program status manager suitable for providing the processor with a comparison result of comparing the logical address of the read command enqueued in the first queue with the logical address in the list. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the processor enqueues the subsequent read command into the second queue when the logical address of the subsequent read command is not the same as the logical address in the list. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the processor controls the memory device to perform a read operation according to the subsequent read command while the program operation is being performed. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines whether to enqueue the read command into the second queue or not, when the enqueuing of the read command into the second queue is delayed and then whether to enqueue subsequent read commands into the second queue or not is determined. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the processor records a status of the read command as a hold status, when the logical address of the read command and the logical address of the write command are the same. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the processor changes the status of the read command to a start status when it is determined whether to enqueue the subsequent read commands into the second queue. 9. The memory system of claim 1, wherein when the program operation is failed, the processor controls the memory device to perform an error handling operation of performing the program operation onto a new normal memory block. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein when the error handling operation is successfully performed, the processor maps the logical address of the read command to a physical address of the new normal memory block. 11. A method for operating a memory system, comprising:
queuing commands received from a host into a first queue; enqueuing the commands from the first queue into a second queue and dequeuing the commands to a memory device according to the FIFO scheme; when a logical address corresponding to a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address of a read command enqueued in the first queue, delaying enqueuing the read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command which is enqueued in the first queue behind the read command into the second queue, when the enqueuing of the read command into the second queue is delayed. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: storing a list of a logical address of the write command for which the program operation is being performed. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: outputting a comparison result of comparing the logical address of the read command enqueued in the first queue with the logical address in the list. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the determining of whether or not to enqueue the subsequent read command into the second queue includes enqueuing the subsequent read command into the second queue when the logical address of the subsequent read command is not the same as the logical address in the list. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: performing a read operation according to the subsequent read command while the program operation is being performed, when the subsequent read command is enqueued in the second queue. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining whether or not to enqueue the read command into the second queue, when the enqueuing of the read command into the second queue is delayed and then determining whether or not to enqueue subsequent read commands into the second queue. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the delaying of the operation of enqueuing the read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed includes recording a status of the read command as a hold status, when the logical address of the read command and the logical address of the write command are the same. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: changing the status of the read command to a start status when it is determined whether to enqueue the subsequent read commands into the second queue. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising: when the program operation fails, performing an error handling operation of performing the program operation on a new normal memory block. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: when the error handling operation is successfully performed, mapping the logical address of the read command to a physical address of the new normal memory block. | A memory system includes: a memory device; a first queue suitable for queuing commands received from a host; a second queue suitable for enqueuing the commands from the first queue and dequeuing the commands to the memory device according to the FIFO scheme; and a processor suitable for: delaying enqueuing a read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed when a logical address of a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address corresponding to the read command enqueued in the first queue; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command, which is enqueued in the first queue after the read command, into the second queue.1. A memory system, comprising:
a memory device; a first queue suitable for queuing commands received from a host; a second queue suitable for enqueuing the commands from the first queue and dequeuing the commands to the memory device according to the FIFO scheme; and a processor suitable for: delaying enqueuing a read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed when a logical address of a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address corresponding to the read command enqueued in the first queue; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command, which is enqueued in the first queue after the read command, into the second queue. 2. The memory system of claim 1, further comprising: a memory suitable for storing a list of a logical address of the write command for which the program operation is being performed. 3. The memory system of claim 2, further comprising: a program status manager suitable for providing the processor with a comparison result of comparing the logical address of the read command enqueued in the first queue with the logical address in the list. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the processor enqueues the subsequent read command into the second queue when the logical address of the subsequent read command is not the same as the logical address in the list. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the processor controls the memory device to perform a read operation according to the subsequent read command while the program operation is being performed. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines whether to enqueue the read command into the second queue or not, when the enqueuing of the read command into the second queue is delayed and then whether to enqueue subsequent read commands into the second queue or not is determined. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the processor records a status of the read command as a hold status, when the logical address of the read command and the logical address of the write command are the same. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the processor changes the status of the read command to a start status when it is determined whether to enqueue the subsequent read commands into the second queue. 9. The memory system of claim 1, wherein when the program operation is failed, the processor controls the memory device to perform an error handling operation of performing the program operation onto a new normal memory block. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein when the error handling operation is successfully performed, the processor maps the logical address of the read command to a physical address of the new normal memory block. 11. A method for operating a memory system, comprising:
queuing commands received from a host into a first queue; enqueuing the commands from the first queue into a second queue and dequeuing the commands to a memory device according to the FIFO scheme; when a logical address corresponding to a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address of a read command enqueued in the first queue, delaying enqueuing the read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command which is enqueued in the first queue behind the read command into the second queue, when the enqueuing of the read command into the second queue is delayed. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: storing a list of a logical address of the write command for which the program operation is being performed. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: outputting a comparison result of comparing the logical address of the read command enqueued in the first queue with the logical address in the list. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the determining of whether or not to enqueue the subsequent read command into the second queue includes enqueuing the subsequent read command into the second queue when the logical address of the subsequent read command is not the same as the logical address in the list. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: performing a read operation according to the subsequent read command while the program operation is being performed, when the subsequent read command is enqueued in the second queue. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining whether or not to enqueue the read command into the second queue, when the enqueuing of the read command into the second queue is delayed and then determining whether or not to enqueue subsequent read commands into the second queue. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the delaying of the operation of enqueuing the read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed includes recording a status of the read command as a hold status, when the logical address of the read command and the logical address of the write command are the same. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: changing the status of the read command to a start status when it is determined whether to enqueue the subsequent read commands into the second queue. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising: when the program operation fails, performing an error handling operation of performing the program operation on a new normal memory block. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: when the error handling operation is successfully performed, mapping the logical address of the read command to a physical address of the new normal memory block. | 2,800 |
343,360 | 16,802,773 | 2,844 | A main body of a ball collecting and discharging machine includes a traveling portion and a ball collecting and discharging portion to collect and discharge balls. A controller causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to collect the balls scattered in a ball scattered area while causing the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along a ball collecting route in the ball scattered area. When the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches a state of being ready to discharge balls during or after ball collecting work, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route and causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to discharge balls at the ball discharging site. | 1. A ball collecting and discharging machine that collects and discharges balls by performing an instruction reproduction travel in a ball collecting and discharging portion including a ball scattered area where a plurality of balls are scattered and a ball discharging site where collected balls are discharged, the ball collecting and discharging machine comprising:
a main body including a traveling portion and a ball collecting and discharging portion and that is capable of performing operations of collecting balls and discharging balls; a storage to store, as a copy traveling route having been instructed in advance by a worker, information on a ball discharging route in which at least a portion of the ball discharging route is in a vicinity of the ball discharging site; and a controller; wherein the controller is configured or programmed to: cause the ball collecting and discharging portion to collect the plurality of balls scattered in the ball scattered area while causing the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along a ball collecting route in the ball scattered area; and cause the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route and cause the ball collecting and discharging portion to discharge balls at the ball discharging site when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches a state of being ready to discharge balls during or after ball collecting work. 2. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 1, wherein
the ball collecting and discharging portion includes a storage amount detector for the balls; and the state of being ready to discharge balls is a state in which a storage amount of the balls exceeds a threshold value. 3. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 1, wherein the controller, when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, plans an autonomous traveling route up to a start point of the ball discharging route and causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the autonomous traveling route. 4. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 3, wherein the controller, when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to interrupt a ball collecting work, and next, plans an autonomous traveling route up to a start point of the ball discharging route and causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the autonomous traveling route. 5. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 4, wherein the controller plans an autonomous traveling route from an end point of the ball discharging route to a position where the ball collecting and discharging portion interrupted a ball collecting work, and causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the autonomous traveling route. 6. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 1, wherein
an end point of the ball collecting route and a start point of the ball discharging route match; and when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball collecting route, and then causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route. 7. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 3, wherein
an end point of the ball collecting route and a start point of the ball discharging route match; and when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball collecting route, and then causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route. | A main body of a ball collecting and discharging machine includes a traveling portion and a ball collecting and discharging portion to collect and discharge balls. A controller causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to collect the balls scattered in a ball scattered area while causing the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along a ball collecting route in the ball scattered area. When the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches a state of being ready to discharge balls during or after ball collecting work, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route and causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to discharge balls at the ball discharging site.1. A ball collecting and discharging machine that collects and discharges balls by performing an instruction reproduction travel in a ball collecting and discharging portion including a ball scattered area where a plurality of balls are scattered and a ball discharging site where collected balls are discharged, the ball collecting and discharging machine comprising:
a main body including a traveling portion and a ball collecting and discharging portion and that is capable of performing operations of collecting balls and discharging balls; a storage to store, as a copy traveling route having been instructed in advance by a worker, information on a ball discharging route in which at least a portion of the ball discharging route is in a vicinity of the ball discharging site; and a controller; wherein the controller is configured or programmed to: cause the ball collecting and discharging portion to collect the plurality of balls scattered in the ball scattered area while causing the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along a ball collecting route in the ball scattered area; and cause the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route and cause the ball collecting and discharging portion to discharge balls at the ball discharging site when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches a state of being ready to discharge balls during or after ball collecting work. 2. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 1, wherein
the ball collecting and discharging portion includes a storage amount detector for the balls; and the state of being ready to discharge balls is a state in which a storage amount of the balls exceeds a threshold value. 3. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 1, wherein the controller, when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, plans an autonomous traveling route up to a start point of the ball discharging route and causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the autonomous traveling route. 4. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 3, wherein the controller, when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, causes the ball collecting and discharging portion to interrupt a ball collecting work, and next, plans an autonomous traveling route up to a start point of the ball discharging route and causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the autonomous traveling route. 5. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 4, wherein the controller plans an autonomous traveling route from an end point of the ball discharging route to a position where the ball collecting and discharging portion interrupted a ball collecting work, and causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the autonomous traveling route. 6. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 1, wherein
an end point of the ball collecting route and a start point of the ball discharging route match; and when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball collecting route, and then causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route. 7. The ball collecting and discharging machine according to claim 3, wherein
an end point of the ball collecting route and a start point of the ball discharging route match; and when the ball collecting and discharging portion reaches the state of being ready to discharge balls, the controller causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball collecting route, and then causes the traveling portion to cause the main body to travel along the ball discharging route. | 2,800 |
343,361 | 16,802,754 | 2,844 | A silicon carbide semiconductor device includes a substrate, a drift layer disposed above the substrate, a base region disposed above the drift layer, a source region disposed above the base region, a gate trench formed deeper than the base region from a surface of the source region, a gate insulating film covering an inner wall surface of the gate trench, a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulating film, an interlayer insulating film covering the gate electrode and the gate insulating film and having a contact hole, a source electrode brought in ohmic contact with the source region through the contact hole, and a drain electrode disposed to a rear surface of the substrate. The source region has a lower impurity concentration on a side close to the base region than on a surface side brought in ohmic contact with the source region. | 1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device including an inverted semiconductor element, comprising:
a substrate made of silicon carbide of a first or second conductivity type; a drift layer disposed above the substrate, made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type, and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the substrate; a base region disposed above the drift layer, and made of silicon carbide of the second conductivity type; a source region disposed above the base region, made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type, and having an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the drift layer; a plurality of trench gate structures aligned in stripes with one direction as a longitudinal direction, and each including a gate trench formed deeper than the base region from a surface of the source region, a gate insulating film covering an inner wall surface of the gate trench, and a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulating film; an interlayer insulating film covering the gate electrode and the gate insulating film and having a contact hole; a source electrode brought in ohmic contact with the source region through the contact hole; a drain electrode disposed to a rear surface of the substrate; and a non-doped layer having a carrier concentration of 5.0×1015 cm−3 or less, and provided between the base region and the source region, wherein the source region has a lower impurity concentration on a side close to the base region than on a surface side brought in ohmic contact with the source region. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the source region includes a first source region located close to the base region and a second source region brought in ohmic contact with the source electrode. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the second source region has a thickness of 0.1 μm or more and has a second conductivity type impurity concentration of 1.0×1018 to 5.0×1019 cm−3. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the first source region has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and has an impurity concentration of 2.0×1016 to 1.0×1017 cm−3. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the non-doped layer has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 μm. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a total film thickness of the non-doped layer and the source region is 0.8 μm or less. 7. A manufacturing method of a silicon carbide semiconductor device including an inverted semiconductor element, the manufacturing method comprising:
preparing a substrate made of silicon carbide of a first or second conductivity type; forming a drift layer made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the substrate above the substrate; forming a base region made of silicon carbide of the second conductivity type above the drift layer; forming a source region made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type and having an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the drift layer above the base region; forming a trench gate structure by providing, from a surface of the source region, a plurality of gate trenches deeper than the base region and aligned in stripes with one direction as a longitudinal direction, forming a gate insulating film on inner wall surfaces of the gate trenches, and forming a gate electrode on the gate insulating film; forming a source electrode electrically connected to the source region; and forming a drain electrode to a rear surface of the substrate, wherein the forming the base region and the forming the source region are performed by epitaxial growth, and the forming the source region includes forming a first source region and a second source region, which is brought in contact with the source electrode, by epitaxial growth in a stated order from a side close to the base region, and the first source region is formed with an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the second source region. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, further comprising
forming a non-doped layer made of silicon carbide between the forming the base region and the forming the source region, wherein the forming the base region, the forming the non-doped layer, and the forming the source region are sequentially performed by epitaxial growth, and the forming the non-doped layer includes performing epitaxial growth in a state of stopping introduction of a first conductivity type dopant gas and a second conductivity type dopant gas to form the non-doped layer with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 μm. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, further comprising
forming a coupling layer of the second conductivity type, which reaches the base region and couples the base region with the source electrode, by ion implantation of a second conductivity type impurity from the surface of the source region after the forming the non-doped layer and the forming the source region, wherein when a portion of the coupling layer in which the second conductivity type impurity is ion-implanted into the first source region is defined as a first region, and a portion of the coupling layer in which the second conductivity type impurity is ion-implanted into the second source region is defined as a second region, the forming the coupling layer includes forming the second region by ion-implanting the second conductivity type impurity at a dose amount of 2 to 10 times the first conductivity type impurity concentration of the second source region, and then performing an activation by a thermal treatment of 1500° C. or more. | A silicon carbide semiconductor device includes a substrate, a drift layer disposed above the substrate, a base region disposed above the drift layer, a source region disposed above the base region, a gate trench formed deeper than the base region from a surface of the source region, a gate insulating film covering an inner wall surface of the gate trench, a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulating film, an interlayer insulating film covering the gate electrode and the gate insulating film and having a contact hole, a source electrode brought in ohmic contact with the source region through the contact hole, and a drain electrode disposed to a rear surface of the substrate. The source region has a lower impurity concentration on a side close to the base region than on a surface side brought in ohmic contact with the source region.1. A silicon carbide semiconductor device including an inverted semiconductor element, comprising:
a substrate made of silicon carbide of a first or second conductivity type; a drift layer disposed above the substrate, made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type, and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the substrate; a base region disposed above the drift layer, and made of silicon carbide of the second conductivity type; a source region disposed above the base region, made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type, and having an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the drift layer; a plurality of trench gate structures aligned in stripes with one direction as a longitudinal direction, and each including a gate trench formed deeper than the base region from a surface of the source region, a gate insulating film covering an inner wall surface of the gate trench, and a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulating film; an interlayer insulating film covering the gate electrode and the gate insulating film and having a contact hole; a source electrode brought in ohmic contact with the source region through the contact hole; a drain electrode disposed to a rear surface of the substrate; and a non-doped layer having a carrier concentration of 5.0×1015 cm−3 or less, and provided between the base region and the source region, wherein the source region has a lower impurity concentration on a side close to the base region than on a surface side brought in ohmic contact with the source region. 2. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the source region includes a first source region located close to the base region and a second source region brought in ohmic contact with the source electrode. 3. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the second source region has a thickness of 0.1 μm or more and has a second conductivity type impurity concentration of 1.0×1018 to 5.0×1019 cm−3. 4. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the first source region has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 μm and has an impurity concentration of 2.0×1016 to 1.0×1017 cm−3. 5. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the non-doped layer has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 μm. 6. The silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a total film thickness of the non-doped layer and the source region is 0.8 μm or less. 7. A manufacturing method of a silicon carbide semiconductor device including an inverted semiconductor element, the manufacturing method comprising:
preparing a substrate made of silicon carbide of a first or second conductivity type; forming a drift layer made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type and having an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the substrate above the substrate; forming a base region made of silicon carbide of the second conductivity type above the drift layer; forming a source region made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type and having an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the drift layer above the base region; forming a trench gate structure by providing, from a surface of the source region, a plurality of gate trenches deeper than the base region and aligned in stripes with one direction as a longitudinal direction, forming a gate insulating film on inner wall surfaces of the gate trenches, and forming a gate electrode on the gate insulating film; forming a source electrode electrically connected to the source region; and forming a drain electrode to a rear surface of the substrate, wherein the forming the base region and the forming the source region are performed by epitaxial growth, and the forming the source region includes forming a first source region and a second source region, which is brought in contact with the source electrode, by epitaxial growth in a stated order from a side close to the base region, and the first source region is formed with an impurity concentration lower than an impurity concentration of the second source region. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, further comprising
forming a non-doped layer made of silicon carbide between the forming the base region and the forming the source region, wherein the forming the base region, the forming the non-doped layer, and the forming the source region are sequentially performed by epitaxial growth, and the forming the non-doped layer includes performing epitaxial growth in a state of stopping introduction of a first conductivity type dopant gas and a second conductivity type dopant gas to form the non-doped layer with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 μm. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, further comprising
forming a coupling layer of the second conductivity type, which reaches the base region and couples the base region with the source electrode, by ion implantation of a second conductivity type impurity from the surface of the source region after the forming the non-doped layer and the forming the source region, wherein when a portion of the coupling layer in which the second conductivity type impurity is ion-implanted into the first source region is defined as a first region, and a portion of the coupling layer in which the second conductivity type impurity is ion-implanted into the second source region is defined as a second region, the forming the coupling layer includes forming the second region by ion-implanting the second conductivity type impurity at a dose amount of 2 to 10 times the first conductivity type impurity concentration of the second source region, and then performing an activation by a thermal treatment of 1500° C. or more. | 2,800 |
343,362 | 16,802,802 | 3,723 | A pair of pliers include a handle unit, a head unit and at least one positioning unit. The handle unit includes two handles each having a mounting portion which is provided with a mounting slot and a regulating hole. The head unit includes two heads each provided with a working portion, a pivot hole and a plurality of positioning grooves. Each of the heads is pivotally mounted in the mounting slot by the pivot hole. Each of the positioning grooves is moved by rotation of each of the heads to align with the regulating hole. The at least one positioning unit is mounted in the regulating hole of one of the handles and locked in one of the positioning grooves of one of the heads. | 1. A pair of pliers comprising:
a handle unit, a head unit and at least one positioning unit; wherein: the handle unit includes two intersecting handles pivotally connected with each other; each of the two handles has a front end provided with a mounting portion which is provided with a mounting slot; the mounting portion has a side provided with a regulating hole connected to the mounting slot and the regulating hole is a screw hole; the head unit includes two heads arranged symmetrically; each of the two heads is provided with a pivot hole spaced from the regulating hole of one of the two handles; each of the two heads is pivotally mounted in the mounting slot of one of the two handles by the pivot hole; each of the two heads is rotated about the pivot hole which functions as a fulcrum of each of the two heads; each of the two heads is further provided with a plurality of positioning grooves; each of the positioning grooves is moved by rotation of each of the two heads to align with the regulating hole of one of the two handles; the mounting slot of each of the two handles has an interior formed with a restriction portion; each of the two heads has a periphery provided with a plurality of chamfered faces; one of the chamfered faces is moved to abut the restriction portion when each of the two heads is rotated to a predetermined angle, to stop rotation of each of the two heads; each of the two heads is further provided with a working portion having a hook shape; and the at least one positioning unit includes a regulating member provided with an external thread screwed into the regulating hole; each of the regulating member further having an interior provided with a recess, a positioning member mounted in the recess of the regulating member and locked in one of the positioning grooves of one of the two heads, and an elastic member mounted in the recess of the regulating member and biased between the regulating member and the positioning member. 2. The pliers of claim 1, wherein the positioning member has a spherical shape. | A pair of pliers include a handle unit, a head unit and at least one positioning unit. The handle unit includes two handles each having a mounting portion which is provided with a mounting slot and a regulating hole. The head unit includes two heads each provided with a working portion, a pivot hole and a plurality of positioning grooves. Each of the heads is pivotally mounted in the mounting slot by the pivot hole. Each of the positioning grooves is moved by rotation of each of the heads to align with the regulating hole. The at least one positioning unit is mounted in the regulating hole of one of the handles and locked in one of the positioning grooves of one of the heads.1. A pair of pliers comprising:
a handle unit, a head unit and at least one positioning unit; wherein: the handle unit includes two intersecting handles pivotally connected with each other; each of the two handles has a front end provided with a mounting portion which is provided with a mounting slot; the mounting portion has a side provided with a regulating hole connected to the mounting slot and the regulating hole is a screw hole; the head unit includes two heads arranged symmetrically; each of the two heads is provided with a pivot hole spaced from the regulating hole of one of the two handles; each of the two heads is pivotally mounted in the mounting slot of one of the two handles by the pivot hole; each of the two heads is rotated about the pivot hole which functions as a fulcrum of each of the two heads; each of the two heads is further provided with a plurality of positioning grooves; each of the positioning grooves is moved by rotation of each of the two heads to align with the regulating hole of one of the two handles; the mounting slot of each of the two handles has an interior formed with a restriction portion; each of the two heads has a periphery provided with a plurality of chamfered faces; one of the chamfered faces is moved to abut the restriction portion when each of the two heads is rotated to a predetermined angle, to stop rotation of each of the two heads; each of the two heads is further provided with a working portion having a hook shape; and the at least one positioning unit includes a regulating member provided with an external thread screwed into the regulating hole; each of the regulating member further having an interior provided with a recess, a positioning member mounted in the recess of the regulating member and locked in one of the positioning grooves of one of the two heads, and an elastic member mounted in the recess of the regulating member and biased between the regulating member and the positioning member. 2. The pliers of claim 1, wherein the positioning member has a spherical shape. | 3,700 |
343,363 | 16,802,776 | 3,723 | To provide an ignition apparatus which can turn on and off the sub primary coil according to extension degree of the discharge path of the spark discharge. An ignition apparatus is provided with an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; and after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil. | 1. An ignition apparatus comprising:
an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux by energization, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil by energization, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; a main switch circuit that turns on and off energization to the main primary coil from a DC power source; a sub switch circuit that turns on and off energization to the sub primary coil from the DC power source; a main voltage detection circuit that detects a terminal voltage of the main primary coil; a main coil controller that turns on the main switch circuit to turn on energization to the main primary coil, and then. turns off the main switch circuit to turn off energization to the main primary coil and makes the ignition plug generate spark discharge; and a sub coil controller that, after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil. 2. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub coil controller performs a low primary voltage on control that turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds the threshold value. 3. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub coil controller performs a high primary voltage on control that turns on. the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than the threshold value. 4. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub coil controller switches and performs a low primary voltage on control and a high primary voltage on control according to operating condition of an internal combustion engine,
wherein in the low primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds the threshold value, and wherein in the high primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than the threshold value. 5. The ignition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sub coil controller changes the threshold value according to a peak value of the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil just after turning off the energization to the main primary coil. 6. The ignition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when performing the low primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller decreases the threshold value, as the peak value of the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil just after turning off the energization to the main primary coil is larger. 7. The ignition apparatus according to claim 3, wherein when performing the high primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller increases the threshold value, as the peak value of the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil just after turning off the energization to the main primary coil is larger. 8. The ignition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sub coil controller sets a setting value of the threshold value used when determining whether or not the sub switch circuit is turned on and a setting value of the threshold value used when determining whether or not the sub switch circuit is turned off, to different values. 9. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary current detection circuit that detects a secondary current which flows into the secondary coil,
wherein when a magnitude of a detection value of the secondary current is less than a current threshold, the sub coil controller turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil. | To provide an ignition apparatus which can turn on and off the sub primary coil according to extension degree of the discharge path of the spark discharge. An ignition apparatus is provided with an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; and after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil.1. An ignition apparatus comprising:
an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux by energization, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil by energization, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; a main switch circuit that turns on and off energization to the main primary coil from a DC power source; a sub switch circuit that turns on and off energization to the sub primary coil from the DC power source; a main voltage detection circuit that detects a terminal voltage of the main primary coil; a main coil controller that turns on the main switch circuit to turn on energization to the main primary coil, and then. turns off the main switch circuit to turn off energization to the main primary coil and makes the ignition plug generate spark discharge; and a sub coil controller that, after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil. 2. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub coil controller performs a low primary voltage on control that turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds the threshold value. 3. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub coil controller performs a high primary voltage on control that turns on. the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than the threshold value. 4. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sub coil controller switches and performs a low primary voltage on control and a high primary voltage on control according to operating condition of an internal combustion engine,
wherein in the low primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds the threshold value, and wherein in the high primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil exceeds a threshold value, and turns off the sub switch circuit to turn off energization to the sub primary coil when the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil is less than the threshold value. 5. The ignition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sub coil controller changes the threshold value according to a peak value of the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil just after turning off the energization to the main primary coil. 6. The ignition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when performing the low primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller decreases the threshold value, as the peak value of the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil just after turning off the energization to the main primary coil is larger. 7. The ignition apparatus according to claim 3, wherein when performing the high primary voltage on control, the sub coil controller increases the threshold value, as the peak value of the detection value of the terminal voltage of the main primary coil just after turning off the energization to the main primary coil is larger. 8. The ignition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sub coil controller sets a setting value of the threshold value used when determining whether or not the sub switch circuit is turned on and a setting value of the threshold value used when determining whether or not the sub switch circuit is turned off, to different values. 9. The ignition apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary current detection circuit that detects a secondary current which flows into the secondary coil,
wherein when a magnitude of a detection value of the secondary current is less than a current threshold, the sub coil controller turns on the sub switch circuit to turn on energization to the sub primary coil. | 3,700 |
343,364 | 16,802,739 | 3,723 | Presented is a unique lighted flea comb suitable for all coat types and is specifically designed to extract fleas from a pet's fur even when the lighting condition is not optimal or during the absence of light. This feature allows a pet owner or a comb user to get a clear view of fleas or like parasites, and allow the comb user to easily remove them with the multi row and tightly spaced bristles of the comb. The proposed lighted flea comb is also built with a comfortable ergonomic handle with a groove for user's finger and curved body for superior control. | 1. A lighted flea comb (100), comprising:
a head section (102) having a first end, and a second end; a handle section (104) having a proximal end and a distal end, the handle section (104) extending away from the second end of the head section (102), wherein the handle section (104) is ergonomically designed to facilitate a comfortable grip when the comb (100) is hand held by a comb user; a bristles head (107) comprising a plurality of bristles (106) extending outward therefrom, the bristles head (107) is mounted over a front face of the head section (102); an illumination system (108) including
a light diffuser plate (108 a) configured over the front face of the head section (102) surrounding the bristles head (107);
a plurality of light sources (108 b) disposed within an interior cavity of the head section (102) in correlation to the light diffuser plate (108 a) such that in the event when the light sources (108 b) are activated, light emitted from the light sources (108 b) is able to diffuse through the light diffuser plate (108 a) to illuminate fur of a pet; and
a drive circuitry (110) configured for controlling activation or deactivation of the light sources (108 b) in response to a switching action from a switch 112, wherein the switch (112) is switched to: a first position to switch ON the light sources (108 b) in order to illuminate the fur of the pet, and a second position to switch OFF the light sources (108 b). 2. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the handle section (104) is designed to include a groove (104 a) at the proximal end thereof that connects to the second end of the head section (102). 3. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the handle section (104) is designed to include a slot (104 b) configured in proximity to the distal end of the handle section (104). 4. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the bristles head (107) comprises one or more engagement members (107 a) configured over a rear surface thereof. 5. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 4, wherein the engagement members (107 a) of the bristles head (107) are configured to be received by one or more receiving channels (102 a) located over a rear face within an interior cavity of the head section (102) in order to facilitate in the mounting of the bristles head (107) over the front face of the head section (102). 6. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the light sources (108 b) is disposed separated at a predetermined distance from the light diffuser plate (108 a) within the interior cavity of the head section (102). 7. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 6, wherein the predetermined distance separation between the light diffuser plate (108 a) and the light sources (108 b) is facilitated by one or more protrusions (107 b) configured over the rear surface of the bristles head (107). 8. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the drive circuitry (110) is disposed within the interior cavity of the head section (102), or within an interior cavity of the handle section (104), or disposed partially within the head section (102) and partially within the handle section (104). 9. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the drive circuitry (110) is powered by a power source (114) located within the interior cavity of at least one the handle section (104), or the head section (102) accessible by the comb user. | Presented is a unique lighted flea comb suitable for all coat types and is specifically designed to extract fleas from a pet's fur even when the lighting condition is not optimal or during the absence of light. This feature allows a pet owner or a comb user to get a clear view of fleas or like parasites, and allow the comb user to easily remove them with the multi row and tightly spaced bristles of the comb. The proposed lighted flea comb is also built with a comfortable ergonomic handle with a groove for user's finger and curved body for superior control.1. A lighted flea comb (100), comprising:
a head section (102) having a first end, and a second end; a handle section (104) having a proximal end and a distal end, the handle section (104) extending away from the second end of the head section (102), wherein the handle section (104) is ergonomically designed to facilitate a comfortable grip when the comb (100) is hand held by a comb user; a bristles head (107) comprising a plurality of bristles (106) extending outward therefrom, the bristles head (107) is mounted over a front face of the head section (102); an illumination system (108) including
a light diffuser plate (108 a) configured over the front face of the head section (102) surrounding the bristles head (107);
a plurality of light sources (108 b) disposed within an interior cavity of the head section (102) in correlation to the light diffuser plate (108 a) such that in the event when the light sources (108 b) are activated, light emitted from the light sources (108 b) is able to diffuse through the light diffuser plate (108 a) to illuminate fur of a pet; and
a drive circuitry (110) configured for controlling activation or deactivation of the light sources (108 b) in response to a switching action from a switch 112, wherein the switch (112) is switched to: a first position to switch ON the light sources (108 b) in order to illuminate the fur of the pet, and a second position to switch OFF the light sources (108 b). 2. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the handle section (104) is designed to include a groove (104 a) at the proximal end thereof that connects to the second end of the head section (102). 3. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the handle section (104) is designed to include a slot (104 b) configured in proximity to the distal end of the handle section (104). 4. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the bristles head (107) comprises one or more engagement members (107 a) configured over a rear surface thereof. 5. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 4, wherein the engagement members (107 a) of the bristles head (107) are configured to be received by one or more receiving channels (102 a) located over a rear face within an interior cavity of the head section (102) in order to facilitate in the mounting of the bristles head (107) over the front face of the head section (102). 6. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the light sources (108 b) is disposed separated at a predetermined distance from the light diffuser plate (108 a) within the interior cavity of the head section (102). 7. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 6, wherein the predetermined distance separation between the light diffuser plate (108 a) and the light sources (108 b) is facilitated by one or more protrusions (107 b) configured over the rear surface of the bristles head (107). 8. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the drive circuitry (110) is disposed within the interior cavity of the head section (102), or within an interior cavity of the handle section (104), or disposed partially within the head section (102) and partially within the handle section (104). 9. The lighted flea comb (100) of claim 1, wherein the drive circuitry (110) is powered by a power source (114) located within the interior cavity of at least one the handle section (104), or the head section (102) accessible by the comb user. | 3,700 |
343,365 | 16,802,778 | 3,723 | A delivery tube and cap are configured to be connected to a container that houses fluid to be delivered to a nasal cavity. The delivery tube includes an inner cannula that is positioned within an outer cannula. Each of the cannulas includes a first outlet with one or more openings aligned along a first lateral section and a second outlet with one or more openings aligned along a second lateral section. The delivery tube and cap are configured to provide relative axial movement between the cannulas. The cannulas are positionable between a first axial position that aligns the first outlets along the first lateral section of the delivery tube to deliver the fluid out of the device in a first lateral direction, and a second axial position that aligns the second outlets along the second lateral section to deliver fluid out of the device in a second lateral direction. | 1. A device to deliver fluid from a container, the device comprising:
a hollow inner cannula comprising:
an inlet at a proximal end of the inner cannula; and
first and second outlets positioned towards a distal end of the inner cannula and on different lateral sections of the inner cannula, each being in fluid-flow relationship with the inlet;
a hollow outer cannula that extends over and houses the inner cannula, the outer cannula comprising third and fourth outlets that are:
exposed to an exterior of the device;
towards a distal end of the outer cannula; and
on different lateral sections of the outer cannula; and
a cap connected to both the inner cannula and the outer cannula and configured to mate with the container, the cap comprising:
a first section attached to the proximal end of the inner cannula; and
a second section configured to rotate relative to the first section such that relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas along a longitudinal axis of the inner and outer cannulas between a first axial position and a second axial position is provided;
wherein, in the first axial position, the first and third outlets are aligned and the second and fourth outlets are misaligned thereby permitting the fluid to be predominantly ejected laterally out of the device from the third outlet via the first outlet relative to the fourth outlet via the second outlet; wherein, in the second axial position, the first and third outlets are misaligned and the second and fourth outlets are aligned thereby permitting the fluid to be predominantly ejected laterally out of the device from the fourth outlet via the second outlet relative to the third outlet via the first outlet. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the cap further comprises first and second ramps that engage with the outer cannula such that the rotation of the second section relative to the first section provides the relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein to engage with the outer cannula such that the rotation of the second section relative to the first section provides the relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas, the first and second ramps engage with fins that extend radially outward from the outer cannula. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein to rotate relative to the first section, the second section is further configured to rotate:
in a clockwise direction to move the outer cannula axially relative to the inner cannula in a first direction; and in a counter-clockwise direction to move the outer cannula axially relative to the inner cannula in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner cannula is fixedly attached to the first section of the cap to prevent movement of the inner cannula during the relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth outlets comprises a plurality of openings. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein:
the plurality of openings of the first and third outlets are common in number; and the plurality of openings of the second and fourth outlets are common in number. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising an opening in the distal end of each of the inner and outer cannulas. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the outer cannula is curved. 10. A device to deliver fluid from a container, the device comprising:
a delivery tube comprising an outer cannula and an inner cannula positioned within a hollow interior of the outer cannula, each of the cannulas comprising:
a first lateral section and a second lateral section opposite the first lateral section;
an elongated shape comprising a proximal end and a distal end opposite the proximal end;
a first outlet and a second outlet, respectively positioned on the first and second lateral sections, each of the outlets being towards the distal end and exposed to an exterior of the device;
a cap connected to both the inner cannula and the outer cannula, wherein the cap is configured to mate with the container and axially position the cannulas relative to one another between a first axial position and a second axial position by keeping one of the cannulas stationary during movement of the other; wherein in the first axial position the first outlets are aligned and the second outlets are misaligned to deliver the fluid out of the device in a first lateral direction; wherein in the second axial position the second outlets aligned and the first outlets misaligned to deliver the fluid out of the device in a second lateral direction. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the inner cannula is fixedly connected to the cap and the outer cannula is movable relative to the cap. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the proximal ends of each of the inner and outer cannulas are connected to the cap. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the one of the cannulas kept stationary during the movement of the other is threaded onto a threaded portion of the cap. 14. The device of claim 10, wherein in the first axial position the second outlets overlap a lesser amount than the first outlets such that a predominant amount of the fluid is ejected from the delivery tube in the first lateral direction relative to a lesser amount of the fluid ejected from the delivery tube in the second lateral direction. 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of each cannula are spaced apart around the perimeter of the cannula by an angle of 90° or less. 16. The device of claim 10, wherein the cap comprises a plurality of members that each include an opening, the members being rotatably connected together and with the openings coaxially aligned. 17. The device of claim 10, wherein at least one of the cannulas comprises a stop configured to control an extent of the movement. 18. The device of claim 10, wherein the first and second outlet of one of the cannulas are misaligned. 19. The device of claim 10, wherein the delivery tube is curved. 20. A method of delivering fluid from a container to a nasal cavity, the method comprising:
rotating a first cap member in a first rotational direction relative to a second cap member, with a delivery tube comprising an inner cannula and an outer cannula being connected to the first and second cap members, to cause movement of the outer cannula relative to the inner cannula in a first axial direction; aligning a first set of outlets on a first lateral section of the inner and outer cannulas and misaligning a second set of outlets on a second lateral side of the inner and outer cannulas, the first and second sets of outlets being positioned towards distal ends of the inner and outer cannulas; moving the fluid from the container into a proximal end of the inner cannula at the first and second cap members and along the inner cannula and expelling the fluid through the aligned first set of outlets on the first lateral section. | A delivery tube and cap are configured to be connected to a container that houses fluid to be delivered to a nasal cavity. The delivery tube includes an inner cannula that is positioned within an outer cannula. Each of the cannulas includes a first outlet with one or more openings aligned along a first lateral section and a second outlet with one or more openings aligned along a second lateral section. The delivery tube and cap are configured to provide relative axial movement between the cannulas. The cannulas are positionable between a first axial position that aligns the first outlets along the first lateral section of the delivery tube to deliver the fluid out of the device in a first lateral direction, and a second axial position that aligns the second outlets along the second lateral section to deliver fluid out of the device in a second lateral direction.1. A device to deliver fluid from a container, the device comprising:
a hollow inner cannula comprising:
an inlet at a proximal end of the inner cannula; and
first and second outlets positioned towards a distal end of the inner cannula and on different lateral sections of the inner cannula, each being in fluid-flow relationship with the inlet;
a hollow outer cannula that extends over and houses the inner cannula, the outer cannula comprising third and fourth outlets that are:
exposed to an exterior of the device;
towards a distal end of the outer cannula; and
on different lateral sections of the outer cannula; and
a cap connected to both the inner cannula and the outer cannula and configured to mate with the container, the cap comprising:
a first section attached to the proximal end of the inner cannula; and
a second section configured to rotate relative to the first section such that relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas along a longitudinal axis of the inner and outer cannulas between a first axial position and a second axial position is provided;
wherein, in the first axial position, the first and third outlets are aligned and the second and fourth outlets are misaligned thereby permitting the fluid to be predominantly ejected laterally out of the device from the third outlet via the first outlet relative to the fourth outlet via the second outlet; wherein, in the second axial position, the first and third outlets are misaligned and the second and fourth outlets are aligned thereby permitting the fluid to be predominantly ejected laterally out of the device from the fourth outlet via the second outlet relative to the third outlet via the first outlet. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the cap further comprises first and second ramps that engage with the outer cannula such that the rotation of the second section relative to the first section provides the relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein to engage with the outer cannula such that the rotation of the second section relative to the first section provides the relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas, the first and second ramps engage with fins that extend radially outward from the outer cannula. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein to rotate relative to the first section, the second section is further configured to rotate:
in a clockwise direction to move the outer cannula axially relative to the inner cannula in a first direction; and in a counter-clockwise direction to move the outer cannula axially relative to the inner cannula in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner cannula is fixedly attached to the first section of the cap to prevent movement of the inner cannula during the relative axial movement of the inner and outer cannulas. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth outlets comprises a plurality of openings. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein:
the plurality of openings of the first and third outlets are common in number; and the plurality of openings of the second and fourth outlets are common in number. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising an opening in the distal end of each of the inner and outer cannulas. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the outer cannula is curved. 10. A device to deliver fluid from a container, the device comprising:
a delivery tube comprising an outer cannula and an inner cannula positioned within a hollow interior of the outer cannula, each of the cannulas comprising:
a first lateral section and a second lateral section opposite the first lateral section;
an elongated shape comprising a proximal end and a distal end opposite the proximal end;
a first outlet and a second outlet, respectively positioned on the first and second lateral sections, each of the outlets being towards the distal end and exposed to an exterior of the device;
a cap connected to both the inner cannula and the outer cannula, wherein the cap is configured to mate with the container and axially position the cannulas relative to one another between a first axial position and a second axial position by keeping one of the cannulas stationary during movement of the other; wherein in the first axial position the first outlets are aligned and the second outlets are misaligned to deliver the fluid out of the device in a first lateral direction; wherein in the second axial position the second outlets aligned and the first outlets misaligned to deliver the fluid out of the device in a second lateral direction. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the inner cannula is fixedly connected to the cap and the outer cannula is movable relative to the cap. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the proximal ends of each of the inner and outer cannulas are connected to the cap. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the one of the cannulas kept stationary during the movement of the other is threaded onto a threaded portion of the cap. 14. The device of claim 10, wherein in the first axial position the second outlets overlap a lesser amount than the first outlets such that a predominant amount of the fluid is ejected from the delivery tube in the first lateral direction relative to a lesser amount of the fluid ejected from the delivery tube in the second lateral direction. 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of each cannula are spaced apart around the perimeter of the cannula by an angle of 90° or less. 16. The device of claim 10, wherein the cap comprises a plurality of members that each include an opening, the members being rotatably connected together and with the openings coaxially aligned. 17. The device of claim 10, wherein at least one of the cannulas comprises a stop configured to control an extent of the movement. 18. The device of claim 10, wherein the first and second outlet of one of the cannulas are misaligned. 19. The device of claim 10, wherein the delivery tube is curved. 20. A method of delivering fluid from a container to a nasal cavity, the method comprising:
rotating a first cap member in a first rotational direction relative to a second cap member, with a delivery tube comprising an inner cannula and an outer cannula being connected to the first and second cap members, to cause movement of the outer cannula relative to the inner cannula in a first axial direction; aligning a first set of outlets on a first lateral section of the inner and outer cannulas and misaligning a second set of outlets on a second lateral side of the inner and outer cannulas, the first and second sets of outlets being positioned towards distal ends of the inner and outer cannulas; moving the fluid from the container into a proximal end of the inner cannula at the first and second cap members and along the inner cannula and expelling the fluid through the aligned first set of outlets on the first lateral section. | 3,700 |
343,366 | 16,802,792 | 3,723 | Embodiments relate to MRI coils with a reduced number of baluns. One example embodiment is a MRI coil comprising: a plurality of coil elements in one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements and a shared trace comprising portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group, the shared trace of the group is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements. | 1. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 2. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 3. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 4. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 5. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 6. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 7. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 8. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 9. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 10. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 11. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is electrically connected together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 12. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 13. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 14. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 15. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 16. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 17. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 18. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 19. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 20. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 21. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil array configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil array comprising:
a plurality of coil elements arranged into one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements of the plurality of coil elements and a shared trace of that group of coil elements that comprises portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group of coil elements RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group of coil elements, the shared trace of the group of coil elements is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements of the one or more groups of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements. 22. The MRI RF coil array of claim 21, wherein the one or more groups of coil elements comprise two or more groups of coil elements arranged based on one or more of a star topology or a daisy chain topology. | Embodiments relate to MRI coils with a reduced number of baluns. One example embodiment is a MRI coil comprising: a plurality of coil elements in one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements and a shared trace comprising portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group, the shared trace of the group is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements.1. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 2. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 3. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 4. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 5. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 6. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 7. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 8. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 9. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 10. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 11. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is electrically connected together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 12. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 13. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 14. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 15. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 16. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 17. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 18. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 19. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 20. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 21. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil array configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil array comprising:
a plurality of coil elements arranged into one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements of the plurality of coil elements and a shared trace of that group of coil elements that comprises portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group of coil elements RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group of coil elements, the shared trace of the group of coil elements is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements of the one or more groups of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements. 22. The MRI RF coil array of claim 21, wherein the one or more groups of coil elements comprise two or more groups of coil elements arranged based on one or more of a star topology or a daisy chain topology. | 3,700 |
343,367 | 16,802,781 | 3,723 | Embodiments relate to MRI coils with a reduced number of baluns. One example embodiment is a MRI coil comprising: a plurality of coil elements in one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements and a shared trace comprising portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group, the shared trace of the group is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements. | 1. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 2. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 3. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 4. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 5. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 6. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 7. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 8. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 9. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 10. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 11. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is electrically connected together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 12. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 13. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 14. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 15. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 16. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 17. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 18. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 19. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 20. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 21. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil array configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil array comprising:
a plurality of coil elements arranged into one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements of the plurality of coil elements and a shared trace of that group of coil elements that comprises portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group of coil elements RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group of coil elements, the shared trace of the group of coil elements is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements of the one or more groups of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements. 22. The MRI RF coil array of claim 21, wherein the one or more groups of coil elements comprise two or more groups of coil elements arranged based on one or more of a star topology or a daisy chain topology. | Embodiments relate to MRI coils with a reduced number of baluns. One example embodiment is a MRI coil comprising: a plurality of coil elements in one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements and a shared trace comprising portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group, the shared trace of the group is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements.1. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 2. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 3. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 4. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 5. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 6. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 7. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 8. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 9. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 10. The MRI RF coil of claim 1, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 11. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) coil configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil comprising:
at least one coil element group, wherein each coil element group of the at least one coil element group comprises:
two or more coil elements of that coil element group, wherein each coil element of that coil element group comprises a trace of that coil element, one or more capacitors of that coil element, and a coaxial cable of that coil element configured to carry one or more of a Rx signal for that coil element or a Tx signal for that coil element,
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, the trace of that coil element partially overlaps at least one other neighboring coil element of that coil element group,
wherein an associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is electrically connected together to form a shared trace for that coil element group, and
wherein, for each coil element of that coil element group, a shield of the coaxial cable of that coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group; and
at least one shared balun of that coil element group configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that coil element group. 12. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via one or more DC block capacitors. 13. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group is RF shorted together via electrically connecting the associated portion of the trace of each coil element of that coil element group. 14. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via a DC block capacitor. 15. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element of a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element is RF shorted to the shared trace for that coil element group via electrically connecting the shield of the coaxial cable of the first coil element to the shared trace for that coil element group. 16. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is a single shared balun of that coil element group. 17. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least one coil element group, the at least one shared balun of that coil element group is two or more shared baluns of that coil element group connected in one or more of series or parallel. 18. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a star topology, wherein, for each coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of that coil element group are RF shorted only to each other and to the shared trace of that coil element group. 19. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least two coil element groups arranged based on a daisy chain topology, wherein, for a first coil element group of the at least two coil element groups, the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of the first coil element group are RF shorted to the shields of the coaxial cables of each coil element of a second coil element group different from the first coil element group, and wherein the at least one shared balun of the first coil element group is further configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of the second coil element group. 20. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the at least one coil element group comprises at least three coil element groups, wherein a first coil element group and a different second coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a star topology, wherein a third coil element group and a different fourth coil element group of the at least three coil element groups are arranged based on a daisy chain topology, and wherein at least one of the third coil element group or the fourth coil element group is different from both the first coil element group and the second coil element group. 21. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coil array configured to operate in at least one of a transmit (Tx) mode or a receive (Rx) mode, the MRI RF coil array comprising:
a plurality of coil elements arranged into one or more groups of coil elements, wherein each group of coil elements comprises at least two coil elements of the plurality of coil elements and a shared trace of that group of coil elements that comprises portions of associated traces of each coil element of that group of coil elements RF shorted together, and wherein, for each coil element of that group of coil elements, the shared trace of the group of coil elements is RF shorted to a shield of an associated coaxial cable for that coil element; and one or more baluns, wherein, for each group of coil elements of the one or more groups of coil elements, at least one balun of the one or more baluns is configured to mitigate leakage current on the coaxial cable of each coil element of that group of coil elements. 22. The MRI RF coil array of claim 21, wherein the one or more groups of coil elements comprise two or more groups of coil elements arranged based on one or more of a star topology or a daisy chain topology. | 3,700 |
343,368 | 16,802,761 | 3,723 | An apparatus for controlling a seat of a vehicle, a system having the same, and a method thereof are provided. The apparatus for controlling a seat of a vehicle includes a digital key positioning device to measure a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key, an occupant sensor to sense an occupant condition inside the vehicle, a controller to determine a target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key, the number of the digital key, and the occupant condition, and a seat controller to control a position of a seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, for each user. | 1. An apparatus for controlling a seat of a vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a digital key positioning device configured to measure a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key; an occupant sensor configured to sense an occupant condition inside the vehicle; a controller configured to determine a target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key, the number of the digital key, and the occupant condition; and a seat controller configured to control a position of a seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, for each user. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the occupant condition includes:
at least one of the number of an occupant, a position of the occupant, or classification information of the occupant. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
control, based on seat control information received from each digital key, a position of each seat at which the digital key is positioned, when the number of the digital key inside the vehicle is equal to the number of an occupant inside the vehicle, and when the position of the digital key inside the vehicle is matched to a position of the occupant inside the vehicle. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when one digital key is provided inside the vehicle, and one occupant is present inside the vehicle, start the vehicle using the digital key inside the vehicle. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine whether a seat belt of a seat, on which the occupant is seated, is fasten after the vehicle stared; and control a position of the seat, on which the occupant is seated, based on seat control information received from the digital key. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the number of occupants inside the vehicle is larger than the number of the digital key inside the vehicle, determine whether the occupant is one of an object, an adult, and a kid. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when at least two digital keys are provided inside the vehicle, when the number of occupants inside the vehicle is larger than the number of the digital key inside the vehicle, and when the occupants are all adults, control a position of an occupant seat at which the digital key is positioned. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when at least two digital keys are provided inside the vehicle, when the number of occupants inside the vehicle is larger than the number of the digital key inside the vehicle, and when a kid is included in the occupants, determine the target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the digital key is positioned in a seat on which an adult of the occupants is seated, control a position of the seat on which the adult is seated. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the digital key is positioned in a seat on which the kid of the occupants is positioned, control the position of the seat on which the adult is positioned, when the number of the digital key is equal to the number of the adult. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the number of the digital key is larger than the number of the adult, control a position of a driver seat. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when occupants are seated on a driver seat, a passenger seat, and one side of seats in a rear row, when digital keys are provided in the driver seat and the passenger seat, and when adults are seated on the driver seat and the passenger seat, control a position of the driver seat based on seat control information received from a digital key positioned in the driver seat; and control a position of the passenger seat based on seat control information from a digital key positioned in the passenger seat. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when occupants are seated on a driver seat, a passenger seat, and a seat positioned at one side of seats in a rear row, when digital keys are provided in the driver seat and the passenger seat, when adults are seated on the driver seat and the passenger seat, and when a kid is seated on the one side of the seats in the rear row, control a position of the driver seat based on seat control information received from the digital key positioned in the driver seat; and control a position of the passenger seat based on seat control information from the digital key positioned on the one side of the seats in the rear row. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when occupants are seated on a driver seat, a passenger seat, and opposite seats in a rear row, when digital keys are provided at the driver seat and at one side of the seats in the rear row, when adults are seated on the driver seat and the passenger seat, and when a kid is seated at the one side of the seats in the rear row, control a position of the driver seat based seat control information received from a digital key positioned in the driver seat. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the occupant sensor determines whether an occupant is an adult or a kid, based on one of a weight, a sitting height, and a breathing rate. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
perform user authentication to open a door of the vehicle in access of the digital key. 17. A vehicle system comprising:
a digital key configured to make communication with a vehicle to transmit or receive information on opening a vehicle door and information on starting the vehicle; and a vehicle seat controlling apparatus configured to: measure a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key inside the vehicle; sense an occupant condition in the vehicle; determine a target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key, the number of the digital key, and the occupant condition; and control a position of the seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, each user. 18. The vehicle system of claim 17, wherein the digital key downloads, from an external server, the seat control information for the each user. 19. The vehicle system of claim 17, wherein the digital key makes Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication with the vehicle and the vehicle seat-controlling apparatus. 20. A method for controlling a seat of a vehicle, the method comprising:
measuring a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key inside the vehicle; sensing an occupant condition inside the vehicle; determining a target for seat-controlling based on the number of the digital key, the position of the digital key, and the occupant condition; and controlling a position of the seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, for each user. | An apparatus for controlling a seat of a vehicle, a system having the same, and a method thereof are provided. The apparatus for controlling a seat of a vehicle includes a digital key positioning device to measure a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key, an occupant sensor to sense an occupant condition inside the vehicle, a controller to determine a target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key, the number of the digital key, and the occupant condition, and a seat controller to control a position of a seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, for each user.1. An apparatus for controlling a seat of a vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a digital key positioning device configured to measure a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key; an occupant sensor configured to sense an occupant condition inside the vehicle; a controller configured to determine a target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key, the number of the digital key, and the occupant condition; and a seat controller configured to control a position of a seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, for each user. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the occupant condition includes:
at least one of the number of an occupant, a position of the occupant, or classification information of the occupant. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
control, based on seat control information received from each digital key, a position of each seat at which the digital key is positioned, when the number of the digital key inside the vehicle is equal to the number of an occupant inside the vehicle, and when the position of the digital key inside the vehicle is matched to a position of the occupant inside the vehicle. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when one digital key is provided inside the vehicle, and one occupant is present inside the vehicle, start the vehicle using the digital key inside the vehicle. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine whether a seat belt of a seat, on which the occupant is seated, is fasten after the vehicle stared; and control a position of the seat, on which the occupant is seated, based on seat control information received from the digital key. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the number of occupants inside the vehicle is larger than the number of the digital key inside the vehicle, determine whether the occupant is one of an object, an adult, and a kid. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when at least two digital keys are provided inside the vehicle, when the number of occupants inside the vehicle is larger than the number of the digital key inside the vehicle, and when the occupants are all adults, control a position of an occupant seat at which the digital key is positioned. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when at least two digital keys are provided inside the vehicle, when the number of occupants inside the vehicle is larger than the number of the digital key inside the vehicle, and when a kid is included in the occupants, determine the target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the digital key is positioned in a seat on which an adult of the occupants is seated, control a position of the seat on which the adult is seated. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the digital key is positioned in a seat on which the kid of the occupants is positioned, control the position of the seat on which the adult is positioned, when the number of the digital key is equal to the number of the adult. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to:
when the number of the digital key is larger than the number of the adult, control a position of a driver seat. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when occupants are seated on a driver seat, a passenger seat, and one side of seats in a rear row, when digital keys are provided in the driver seat and the passenger seat, and when adults are seated on the driver seat and the passenger seat, control a position of the driver seat based on seat control information received from a digital key positioned in the driver seat; and control a position of the passenger seat based on seat control information from a digital key positioned in the passenger seat. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when occupants are seated on a driver seat, a passenger seat, and a seat positioned at one side of seats in a rear row, when digital keys are provided in the driver seat and the passenger seat, when adults are seated on the driver seat and the passenger seat, and when a kid is seated on the one side of the seats in the rear row, control a position of the driver seat based on seat control information received from the digital key positioned in the driver seat; and control a position of the passenger seat based on seat control information from the digital key positioned on the one side of the seats in the rear row. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
when occupants are seated on a driver seat, a passenger seat, and opposite seats in a rear row, when digital keys are provided at the driver seat and at one side of the seats in the rear row, when adults are seated on the driver seat and the passenger seat, and when a kid is seated at the one side of the seats in the rear row, control a position of the driver seat based seat control information received from a digital key positioned in the driver seat. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the occupant sensor determines whether an occupant is an adult or a kid, based on one of a weight, a sitting height, and a breathing rate. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
perform user authentication to open a door of the vehicle in access of the digital key. 17. A vehicle system comprising:
a digital key configured to make communication with a vehicle to transmit or receive information on opening a vehicle door and information on starting the vehicle; and a vehicle seat controlling apparatus configured to: measure a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key inside the vehicle; sense an occupant condition in the vehicle; determine a target for seat-controlling based on the position of the digital key, the number of the digital key, and the occupant condition; and control a position of the seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, each user. 18. The vehicle system of claim 17, wherein the digital key downloads, from an external server, the seat control information for the each user. 19. The vehicle system of claim 17, wherein the digital key makes Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication with the vehicle and the vehicle seat-controlling apparatus. 20. A method for controlling a seat of a vehicle, the method comprising:
measuring a position of a digital key inside the vehicle and the number of the digital key inside the vehicle; sensing an occupant condition inside the vehicle; determining a target for seat-controlling based on the number of the digital key, the position of the digital key, and the occupant condition; and controlling a position of the seat using seat control information, which is received from the digital key, for each user. | 3,700 |
343,369 | 16,802,779 | 3,723 | A ball collecting and discharging machine plans and travels on an autonomous traveling route in a designated region. A main body includes a travel motor. A ball collecting route travel schedule generator generates a ball collecting route along which the autonomous travel vehicle repeatedly reciprocates in a main direction in a traveling region. A travel controller moves the main body along the ball collecting route by controlling the travel motor. A route generator generates a ball collecting route including lap routes coupled together while shifted in a sub direction intersecting the main direction in the traveling region. Turn-around positions in the main direction of the respective lap routes include at least one set of turn-around positions shifted from each other. | 1. An autonomous travel vehicle that plans and travels an autonomous traveling route in a designated region, the autonomous travel vehicle comprising:
a main body including a conveyor; a route generator that generates an autonomous traveling route along which the autonomous travel vehicle reciprocates a plurality of times in a main direction in the designated region; and a travel controller that moves the main body along the autonomous traveling route by controlling the conveyor; wherein the route generator generates an autonomous traveling route including a plurality of lap routes coupled together while being shifted in a sub direction intersecting the main direction in the region; and turn-around positions in the main direction of the lap routes include at least one set of turn-around positions shifted from each other. 2. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a turn-around position of a last lap route in the region is on a travel direction innermost side in the main direction among a plurality of turn-around positions. 3. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a turn-around position of a first lap route in the region is on a travel direction innermost side in the main direction among a plurality of turn-around positions. 4. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 2, wherein a turn-around position of a first lap route in the region is on the travel direction innermost side in the main direction among the plurality of turn-around positions. 5. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 6. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 2, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 7. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 8. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 9. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in route generation after a first time, the route generator sets the main direction of a lap route with respect to the region at an angle different from the main direction of a lap route created last time. 10. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in route generation after a first time, the route generator shifts a lap route in the sub direction and/or the main direction with respect to a lap route created last time. 11. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in route generation after a first time, the route generator sets a width in the sub direction of a lap route to a length different from a width in the sub direction of a lap route created last time. 12. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in order to generate the plurality of lap routes, the route generator:
divides the region into 2N, where N is a natural number, main direction routes in the sub direction so as to be in a long strip shape in the main direction, determines a travel order in the main direction routes as a first, an N+1-th, a second, and an N+2-th; and sets travel directions of the main direction routes from the first to an N-th and from the N+1-th to a 2N-th so as to be opposite to each other. 13. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 9, wherein in order to generate the plurality of lap routes, the route generator:
divides the region into 2N, where N is a natural number, main direction routes in the sub direction so as to be in a long strip shape in the main direction, determines a travel order in the main direction routes as a first, an N+1-th, a second, and an N+2-th; and sets travel directions of the main direction routes from the first to an N-th and from the N+1-th to a 2N-th so as to be opposite to each other. 14. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 10, wherein in order to generate the plurality of lap routes, the route generator:
divides the region into 2N, where N is a natural number, main direction routes in the sub direction so as to be in a long strip shape in the main direction, determines a travel order in the main direction routes as a first, an N+1-th, a second, and an N+2-th; and sets travel directions of the main direction routes from the first to an N-th and from the N+1-th to a 2N-th so as to be opposite to each other. 15. A route generation method for an autonomous travel vehicle that plans and travels an autonomous traveling route in a designated region, the route generation method comprising:
generating a route along which the autonomous travel vehicle reciprocates a plurality of times in a main direction in the designated region, the route being an autonomous traveling route including a plurality of lap routes coupled together while being shifted in a sub direction; wherein turn-around positions in a main direction of the respective lap routes include at least one set of turn-around positions shifted from each other. | A ball collecting and discharging machine plans and travels on an autonomous traveling route in a designated region. A main body includes a travel motor. A ball collecting route travel schedule generator generates a ball collecting route along which the autonomous travel vehicle repeatedly reciprocates in a main direction in a traveling region. A travel controller moves the main body along the ball collecting route by controlling the travel motor. A route generator generates a ball collecting route including lap routes coupled together while shifted in a sub direction intersecting the main direction in the traveling region. Turn-around positions in the main direction of the respective lap routes include at least one set of turn-around positions shifted from each other.1. An autonomous travel vehicle that plans and travels an autonomous traveling route in a designated region, the autonomous travel vehicle comprising:
a main body including a conveyor; a route generator that generates an autonomous traveling route along which the autonomous travel vehicle reciprocates a plurality of times in a main direction in the designated region; and a travel controller that moves the main body along the autonomous traveling route by controlling the conveyor; wherein the route generator generates an autonomous traveling route including a plurality of lap routes coupled together while being shifted in a sub direction intersecting the main direction in the region; and turn-around positions in the main direction of the lap routes include at least one set of turn-around positions shifted from each other. 2. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a turn-around position of a last lap route in the region is on a travel direction innermost side in the main direction among a plurality of turn-around positions. 3. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a turn-around position of a first lap route in the region is on a travel direction innermost side in the main direction among a plurality of turn-around positions. 4. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 2, wherein a turn-around position of a first lap route in the region is on the travel direction innermost side in the main direction among the plurality of turn-around positions. 5. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 6. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 2, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 7. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 8. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a shift of the turn-around position is equal to or greater than a wheel width of the conveyor. 9. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in route generation after a first time, the route generator sets the main direction of a lap route with respect to the region at an angle different from the main direction of a lap route created last time. 10. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in route generation after a first time, the route generator shifts a lap route in the sub direction and/or the main direction with respect to a lap route created last time. 11. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in route generation after a first time, the route generator sets a width in the sub direction of a lap route to a length different from a width in the sub direction of a lap route created last time. 12. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in order to generate the plurality of lap routes, the route generator:
divides the region into 2N, where N is a natural number, main direction routes in the sub direction so as to be in a long strip shape in the main direction, determines a travel order in the main direction routes as a first, an N+1-th, a second, and an N+2-th; and sets travel directions of the main direction routes from the first to an N-th and from the N+1-th to a 2N-th so as to be opposite to each other. 13. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 9, wherein in order to generate the plurality of lap routes, the route generator:
divides the region into 2N, where N is a natural number, main direction routes in the sub direction so as to be in a long strip shape in the main direction, determines a travel order in the main direction routes as a first, an N+1-th, a second, and an N+2-th; and sets travel directions of the main direction routes from the first to an N-th and from the N+1-th to a 2N-th so as to be opposite to each other. 14. The autonomous travel vehicle according to claim 10, wherein in order to generate the plurality of lap routes, the route generator:
divides the region into 2N, where N is a natural number, main direction routes in the sub direction so as to be in a long strip shape in the main direction, determines a travel order in the main direction routes as a first, an N+1-th, a second, and an N+2-th; and sets travel directions of the main direction routes from the first to an N-th and from the N+1-th to a 2N-th so as to be opposite to each other. 15. A route generation method for an autonomous travel vehicle that plans and travels an autonomous traveling route in a designated region, the route generation method comprising:
generating a route along which the autonomous travel vehicle reciprocates a plurality of times in a main direction in the designated region, the route being an autonomous traveling route including a plurality of lap routes coupled together while being shifted in a sub direction; wherein turn-around positions in a main direction of the respective lap routes include at least one set of turn-around positions shifted from each other. | 3,700 |
343,370 | 16,802,777 | 2,844 | Examples of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods for voltage interfaces between legacy control systems and light sources. An example voltage interface may include a control loop including a first op-amp, an output loop including a second op-amp, and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop. | 1. A system for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the system comprising:
a control loop including a first op-amp configured to receive power from a first power source and to be coupled to a first ground; an output loop including a second op-amp configured to receive power from a second power source and to be coupled to a second ground, wherein the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop, wherein the first power source and the second power source are configured to supply a same voltage. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator is configured to be coupled with the first power source and the first ground. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photodiode and the second photodiode are configured to measure an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photo diode is configured to form a closed control loop with a first transistor. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the output loop includes one or more independent outputs, including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the driver module is electrically coupled to the second power source. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the driver module is coupled to a first group of light fixtures, and the driver module is configured to output the signal to the group of light fixtures. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control loop is configured to receive an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. 10. A method for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the method comprising:
coupling first electrical elements within a control loop to a first power source and a first ground, the control loop including a first op-amp; coupling second electrical elements within an output loop to a second power source and a second ground, the output loop including a second op-amp, wherein the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and electrically isolating the control loop and the output loop with an optical isolator, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop, wherein the first power source and the second power source are configured to supply a same voltage. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the optical isolator with the first power source and the first ground. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
measuring, via the first photodiode and the second photodiode, an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
forming a closed control loop with the first photo diode and a first transistor. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the output loop includes one or more independent outputs, including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to the second power source. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to a first group of light fixtures, and outputting the signal to the group of light fixtures. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by the control loop, an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. | Examples of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods for voltage interfaces between legacy control systems and light sources. An example voltage interface may include a control loop including a first op-amp, an output loop including a second op-amp, and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop.1. A system for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the system comprising:
a control loop including a first op-amp configured to receive power from a first power source and to be coupled to a first ground; an output loop including a second op-amp configured to receive power from a second power source and to be coupled to a second ground, wherein the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and an optical isolator configured to electrically isolate the control loop from the output loop, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop, wherein the first power source and the second power source are configured to supply a same voltage. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator is configured to be coupled with the first power source and the first ground. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photodiode and the second photodiode are configured to measure an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the first photo diode is configured to form a closed control loop with a first transistor. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the output loop includes one or more independent outputs, including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the driver module is electrically coupled to the second power source. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the driver module is coupled to a first group of light fixtures, and the driver module is configured to output the signal to the group of light fixtures. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control loop is configured to receive an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. 10. A method for controlling a plurality of light fixtures, the method comprising:
coupling first electrical elements within a control loop to a first power source and a first ground, the control loop including a first op-amp; coupling second electrical elements within an output loop to a second power source and a second ground, the output loop including a second op-amp, wherein the first power source and the second power source are electrically isolated from each other and the first ground and the second ground are electrically isolated from each other; and electrically isolating the control loop and the output loop with an optical isolator, the optical isolator being configured to receive an input signal from the control loop and transmit an output signal to the output loop, wherein the first power source and the second power source are configured to supply a same voltage. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
coupling the optical isolator with the first power source and the first ground. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the optical isolator includes a light emitting diode, a first photodiode and a second photodiode, the light emitting diode and the first photodiode being electrically coupled to the control loop, and the second photodiode being electrically coupled to the output loop. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
measuring, via the first photodiode and the second photodiode, an amount of light emitted by the light emitting diode. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
forming a closed control loop with the first photo diode and a first transistor. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the output loop includes one or more independent outputs, including a first output electrically coupled to a driver module configured to output a signal with at least one amp of current. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to the second power source. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
coupling the driver module to a first group of light fixtures, and outputting the signal to the group of light fixtures. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by the control loop, an input from a power source that supplies between zero and ten volts. | 2,800 |
343,371 | 16,802,769 | 2,844 | Spindle pot bearing for a twisting machine, in particular a two-for-one twisting machine or cabling machine, having a bearing bush for connecting a spindle pot base to a spindle in an interlocking manner in an axial direction. In order to provide a spindle pot bearing for a twisting machine that ensures that the position of the spindle pot on the spindle is reliably secured, it is provided that: a first bearing portion of the bearing bush for connecting, in an interlocking manner in the axial direction, to a first bearing member arranged on the spindle has, at a distance with respect to the direction of the longitudinal axis from a shoulder limiting the first bearing portion, latching protrusions which protrude from an inside of the bearing bush and are movable between a blocking position and an unblocking position; a second bearing portion of the bearing bush, said second bearing portion adjoining the first bearing portion in the direction of the longitudinal axis, is designed for interlockingly connecting to the spindle pot base in such a way that locking in the axial direction is possible; and a blocking is arranged on the spindle pot base, which blocking fixes the latching protrusions in the blocking position when the spindle pot base is in an operating position. | 1. A spindle pot bearing for a twisting machine comprising:
a bearing bush for connecting a spindle pot base to a spindle in an interlocking manner in an axial direction, wherein
a first bearing portion of the bearing bush for connecting, in the interlocking manner in the axial direction, to a first bearing member arranged on the spindle has, at a distance with respect to the direction of a longitudinal axis from a shoulder limiting the first bearing portion, latching protrusions which protrude from an inside of the bearing bush and are movable between a blocking position and an unblocking position,
a second bearing portion of the bearing bush, said second bearing portion adjoining the first bearing portion in the direction of the longitudinal axis, is designed for interlockingly connecting to the spindle pot base in such a way that locking in the axial direction is possible, and
a blocking is arranged on the spindle pot base, which blocking fixes the latching protrusions in the blocking position when the spindle pot base is in an operating position. 2. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, wherein the twisting machine is a two-for-one twisting machine or cabling machine. 3. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that, in a region of the latching protrusions, the first bearing portion has supporting elements protruding from an outside of the bearing bush. 4. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the first bearing portion has recesses, which limit the latching protrusions in a circumferential direction and extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis. 5. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the blocking is formed by a circumferential ridge arranged on an underside of the spindle pot base, which ridge abuts the outside of the first bearing portion, while arranged coaxially to the first bearing portion, when the spindle pot base is in the operating position. 6. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 3, characterised in that the outside of the first bearing portion has a conical shape. 7. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the second bearing portion has latching protrusions protruding from the outside, which are interrupted by slots extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bearing bush, are movable between a blocking position and an unblocking position and are brought into engagement with a circumferential groove arranged in a receiving opening in the spindle pot base. 8. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the second bearing portion has, in the region between the latching protrusions and the first bearing portion with respect the direction of the longitudinal axis, an annular ridge protruding from the inside of the bearing bush. 9. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the second bearing portion is configured to receive a clamping member in such a way that the clamping member abuts the inside of the bearing bush and locks the latching protrusions of the second bearing portion in the blocking position. 10. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 9, wherein the clamping member is a thread brake. 11. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised by a connection sleeve that is mounted on the bearing bush and is releasably connected to the bearing bush. 12. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 11, characterised in that the connection sleeve is interlockingly connected to the bearing bush by retaining members that protrude from an inside of the connection sleeve and engage behind a ridge on the inside of the bearing bush, the retaining members being movable between a latching position and a removal position. 13. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 11, characterised in that the connection sleeve is configured to receive a clamping member in such a way that the clamping member abuts an inside of the connection sleeve and locks the retaining members in the latching position. 14. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 13, wherein the clamping member is a thread brake. 15. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the connection sleeve has a hold-down device in a form of a circumferential flange that is arranged on a top side of the spindle pot base. 16. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing bush has retaining portions, which are arranged on the outside and releasably lock retaining members arranged on the connection sleeve, the retaining portions and the retaining members being designed such that the retaining members automatically reach a locking position together with the retaining portions when the connection sleeve is mounted onto the bearing bush and that the retaining members are moved along the retaining portions into the removal position by rotation of the connection sleeve relative to the bearing bush. 17. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining members have a stop surface, which extends obliquely to the mounting direction and, upon mounting, is brought into engagement with a guide surface, which extends correspondingly obliquely to the mounting direction and tapers towards the outside of the bearing bush in the mounting direction. 18. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining portion has a latching portion comprising a shoulder for a latching protrusion on the retaining member, the shoulder having a latching surface, and the retaining portion has a removal portion formed by a ramp extending obliquely to the longitudinal axis on the outside of the bearing bush. 19. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining portions are delimited from one another by stops, which limit a rotational movement of the connection sleeve between the locking position and the removal position. 20. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing bush has an end stop, which is brought into abutment with a stop surface on the connection sleeve, for limiting the mounting movement of the connection sleeve onto the bearing bush. | Spindle pot bearing for a twisting machine, in particular a two-for-one twisting machine or cabling machine, having a bearing bush for connecting a spindle pot base to a spindle in an interlocking manner in an axial direction. In order to provide a spindle pot bearing for a twisting machine that ensures that the position of the spindle pot on the spindle is reliably secured, it is provided that: a first bearing portion of the bearing bush for connecting, in an interlocking manner in the axial direction, to a first bearing member arranged on the spindle has, at a distance with respect to the direction of the longitudinal axis from a shoulder limiting the first bearing portion, latching protrusions which protrude from an inside of the bearing bush and are movable between a blocking position and an unblocking position; a second bearing portion of the bearing bush, said second bearing portion adjoining the first bearing portion in the direction of the longitudinal axis, is designed for interlockingly connecting to the spindle pot base in such a way that locking in the axial direction is possible; and a blocking is arranged on the spindle pot base, which blocking fixes the latching protrusions in the blocking position when the spindle pot base is in an operating position.1. A spindle pot bearing for a twisting machine comprising:
a bearing bush for connecting a spindle pot base to a spindle in an interlocking manner in an axial direction, wherein
a first bearing portion of the bearing bush for connecting, in the interlocking manner in the axial direction, to a first bearing member arranged on the spindle has, at a distance with respect to the direction of a longitudinal axis from a shoulder limiting the first bearing portion, latching protrusions which protrude from an inside of the bearing bush and are movable between a blocking position and an unblocking position,
a second bearing portion of the bearing bush, said second bearing portion adjoining the first bearing portion in the direction of the longitudinal axis, is designed for interlockingly connecting to the spindle pot base in such a way that locking in the axial direction is possible, and
a blocking is arranged on the spindle pot base, which blocking fixes the latching protrusions in the blocking position when the spindle pot base is in an operating position. 2. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, wherein the twisting machine is a two-for-one twisting machine or cabling machine. 3. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that, in a region of the latching protrusions, the first bearing portion has supporting elements protruding from an outside of the bearing bush. 4. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the first bearing portion has recesses, which limit the latching protrusions in a circumferential direction and extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis. 5. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the blocking is formed by a circumferential ridge arranged on an underside of the spindle pot base, which ridge abuts the outside of the first bearing portion, while arranged coaxially to the first bearing portion, when the spindle pot base is in the operating position. 6. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 3, characterised in that the outside of the first bearing portion has a conical shape. 7. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the second bearing portion has latching protrusions protruding from the outside, which are interrupted by slots extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bearing bush, are movable between a blocking position and an unblocking position and are brought into engagement with a circumferential groove arranged in a receiving opening in the spindle pot base. 8. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the second bearing portion has, in the region between the latching protrusions and the first bearing portion with respect the direction of the longitudinal axis, an annular ridge protruding from the inside of the bearing bush. 9. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the second bearing portion is configured to receive a clamping member in such a way that the clamping member abuts the inside of the bearing bush and locks the latching protrusions of the second bearing portion in the blocking position. 10. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 9, wherein the clamping member is a thread brake. 11. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised by a connection sleeve that is mounted on the bearing bush and is releasably connected to the bearing bush. 12. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 11, characterised in that the connection sleeve is interlockingly connected to the bearing bush by retaining members that protrude from an inside of the connection sleeve and engage behind a ridge on the inside of the bearing bush, the retaining members being movable between a latching position and a removal position. 13. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 11, characterised in that the connection sleeve is configured to receive a clamping member in such a way that the clamping member abuts an inside of the connection sleeve and locks the retaining members in the latching position. 14. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 13, wherein the clamping member is a thread brake. 15. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the connection sleeve has a hold-down device in a form of a circumferential flange that is arranged on a top side of the spindle pot base. 16. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing bush has retaining portions, which are arranged on the outside and releasably lock retaining members arranged on the connection sleeve, the retaining portions and the retaining members being designed such that the retaining members automatically reach a locking position together with the retaining portions when the connection sleeve is mounted onto the bearing bush and that the retaining members are moved along the retaining portions into the removal position by rotation of the connection sleeve relative to the bearing bush. 17. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining members have a stop surface, which extends obliquely to the mounting direction and, upon mounting, is brought into engagement with a guide surface, which extends correspondingly obliquely to the mounting direction and tapers towards the outside of the bearing bush in the mounting direction. 18. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining portion has a latching portion comprising a shoulder for a latching protrusion on the retaining member, the shoulder having a latching surface, and the retaining portion has a removal portion formed by a ramp extending obliquely to the longitudinal axis on the outside of the bearing bush. 19. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining portions are delimited from one another by stops, which limit a rotational movement of the connection sleeve between the locking position and the removal position. 20. The spindle pot bearing according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing bush has an end stop, which is brought into abutment with a stop surface on the connection sleeve, for limiting the mounting movement of the connection sleeve onto the bearing bush. | 2,800 |
343,372 | 16,802,772 | 2,844 | A line-compression patch and method are disclosed configured to achieve hemostasis in a living body. The line-compression patch includes a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface; a base providing the support to the line-compression feature; and a patch feature that provides stability to the line-compression patch by adhering to the patient contact surface. | 1. A line-compression patch configured to achieve hemostasis in a living body, the line-compression patch comprising:
a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface; a base providing the support to the line-compression feature; and a patch feature that provides stability to the line-compression patch by adhering to the patient contact surface. 2. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a curved wire having a peak configured to be in alignment with a patient's vein or wound channel. 3. The line-compression patch according to claim 2, wherein the curved wire is stainless steel, nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy, Elgiloy, polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), having a distance between the curved wire ends on the base of approximately 10 mm to approximately 50 mm, and a distance from the base to the peak of approximately 3 mm to approximately 20 mm. 4. The line-compression patch according to claim 3, further comprising:
a tubular element or a portion of a tubular element having a different texture and material than the curved wire and configured to be placed over the curved wire. 5. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a rectangular shaped-rod. 6. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a plate having a semicircular shape or a rectangular shape. 7. The line-compression patch according to claim 6, wherein the plate having the semicircular shape or the rectangular shape has a uniform thickness. 8. The line-compression patch according to claim 7, wherein the plate having the semicircular shape or the rectangular shape has a tapered thickness, and wherein the tapered thickness comprises a thickness at a base of the plate that is greater than a thickness of the plate an edge of the plate, and wherein the edge of the plate extrudes out towards the patient contact surface. 9. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature comprises a plurality of curved wires, each of the plurality of curved wires having a peak configured to be in alignment with a patient's vein or wound channel. 10. The line-compression patch according to claim 9, wherein one or more of the plurality of curved wires are arranged or oriented in a direction different from another of the plurality of curved wires, and wherein each of the plurality of curved wires are oriented at an angle between the line compression feature and the base of approximately 30° to approximately 90°. 11. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature comprises a plurality of curved wires and/or plates, each of the plurality of curved wires and/or plates having a peak and/or edge configured to be in alignment with a patient's vein or wound channel. 12. The line-compression patch according to claim 2, wherein the curved wire has a varying edge curvature. 13. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the base has an opening or a cutout within a perimeter of the base or an opening or a cutout with an open side, and wherein the opening or the cutout within the perimeter, or the opening or the cutout with the open side are configured to receive at least one sheath and/or at least one catheter, assist with placing the line-compression patch in a desired location, and/or allow a user to directly observe a wound site during an application of line-compression patch. 14. The line-compression patch according to claim 2, further comprising:
an adjustment feature arranged on an opposite side of the line-compression feature and configured to adjust a height of the curved wire. 15. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a pivoting adjustment feature, the pivoting adjustment feature consisting of a pivoting feature, a pivot housing, a pivot pin, a sliding lock, and a sliding lock housing and wherein the pivoting feature rotates about the pivot pin that rests within the pivot housing. 16. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, further comprising:
an adhesion cover, the adhesion cover configured to cover the adhesion feature until the patch feature is ready to be adhered to the patient. 17. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the patch feature further includes a pair of adhesion features arranged on each side of the line-compression feature. 18. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature and the base are fixed to the patch feature. 19. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature and the base are detachable from the patch feature. 20. A line-compression patch configured to achieve hemostasis in a living body, the line-compression patch comprising:
a separate adhesion patch that consists of a patch, a skin adhesion feature, a skin adhesion cover, and a patch assembly adhesion feature, and wherein the skin adhesion feature is on a front side of the patch that meets a patient's skin, and is covered by the skin adhesion cover until the separate adhesion patch is ready to be adhered to the patient, and on a back side of the separate adhesion patch, the patch assembly adhesion feature is attached to the patch; and an adhesion feature having a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface, and wherein the adhesion feature is configured to connect to the patch assembly adhesion feature. 21. A method of achieving hemostasis in a living body, the method comprising:
placing a line-compression patch on a wound channel of the living body, the line-compression patch including a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface, a base providing the support to the line-compression feature; and a patch feature that provides stability to the line-compression patch by adhering to the patient contact surface; and achieving hemostasis with the line-compression patch. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
placing the line-compression patch on the wound channel by pressing the line-compression feature against a target area of a patient and placing the patch feature flat against the patient's skin. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
removing the line-compression patch from the wound after the achieving of hemostasis. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the wound channel is at a femoral vein access site after cardiac ablation, a left atrial appendage closure, or a mitral valve repair by percutaneous catheter procedure. | A line-compression patch and method are disclosed configured to achieve hemostasis in a living body. The line-compression patch includes a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface; a base providing the support to the line-compression feature; and a patch feature that provides stability to the line-compression patch by adhering to the patient contact surface.1. A line-compression patch configured to achieve hemostasis in a living body, the line-compression patch comprising:
a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface; a base providing the support to the line-compression feature; and a patch feature that provides stability to the line-compression patch by adhering to the patient contact surface. 2. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a curved wire having a peak configured to be in alignment with a patient's vein or wound channel. 3. The line-compression patch according to claim 2, wherein the curved wire is stainless steel, nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy, Elgiloy, polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), having a distance between the curved wire ends on the base of approximately 10 mm to approximately 50 mm, and a distance from the base to the peak of approximately 3 mm to approximately 20 mm. 4. The line-compression patch according to claim 3, further comprising:
a tubular element or a portion of a tubular element having a different texture and material than the curved wire and configured to be placed over the curved wire. 5. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a rectangular shaped-rod. 6. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a plate having a semicircular shape or a rectangular shape. 7. The line-compression patch according to claim 6, wherein the plate having the semicircular shape or the rectangular shape has a uniform thickness. 8. The line-compression patch according to claim 7, wherein the plate having the semicircular shape or the rectangular shape has a tapered thickness, and wherein the tapered thickness comprises a thickness at a base of the plate that is greater than a thickness of the plate an edge of the plate, and wherein the edge of the plate extrudes out towards the patient contact surface. 9. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature comprises a plurality of curved wires, each of the plurality of curved wires having a peak configured to be in alignment with a patient's vein or wound channel. 10. The line-compression patch according to claim 9, wherein one or more of the plurality of curved wires are arranged or oriented in a direction different from another of the plurality of curved wires, and wherein each of the plurality of curved wires are oriented at an angle between the line compression feature and the base of approximately 30° to approximately 90°. 11. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature comprises a plurality of curved wires and/or plates, each of the plurality of curved wires and/or plates having a peak and/or edge configured to be in alignment with a patient's vein or wound channel. 12. The line-compression patch according to claim 2, wherein the curved wire has a varying edge curvature. 13. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the base has an opening or a cutout within a perimeter of the base or an opening or a cutout with an open side, and wherein the opening or the cutout within the perimeter, or the opening or the cutout with the open side are configured to receive at least one sheath and/or at least one catheter, assist with placing the line-compression patch in a desired location, and/or allow a user to directly observe a wound site during an application of line-compression patch. 14. The line-compression patch according to claim 2, further comprising:
an adjustment feature arranged on an opposite side of the line-compression feature and configured to adjust a height of the curved wire. 15. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature is a pivoting adjustment feature, the pivoting adjustment feature consisting of a pivoting feature, a pivot housing, a pivot pin, a sliding lock, and a sliding lock housing and wherein the pivoting feature rotates about the pivot pin that rests within the pivot housing. 16. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, further comprising:
an adhesion cover, the adhesion cover configured to cover the adhesion feature until the patch feature is ready to be adhered to the patient. 17. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the patch feature further includes a pair of adhesion features arranged on each side of the line-compression feature. 18. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature and the base are fixed to the patch feature. 19. The line-compression patch according to claim 1, wherein the line-compression feature and the base are detachable from the patch feature. 20. A line-compression patch configured to achieve hemostasis in a living body, the line-compression patch comprising:
a separate adhesion patch that consists of a patch, a skin adhesion feature, a skin adhesion cover, and a patch assembly adhesion feature, and wherein the skin adhesion feature is on a front side of the patch that meets a patient's skin, and is covered by the skin adhesion cover until the separate adhesion patch is ready to be adhered to the patient, and on a back side of the separate adhesion patch, the patch assembly adhesion feature is attached to the patch; and an adhesion feature having a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface, and wherein the adhesion feature is configured to connect to the patch assembly adhesion feature. 21. A method of achieving hemostasis in a living body, the method comprising:
placing a line-compression patch on a wound channel of the living body, the line-compression patch including a line-compression feature extruding out towards a patient contact surface, a base providing the support to the line-compression feature; and a patch feature that provides stability to the line-compression patch by adhering to the patient contact surface; and achieving hemostasis with the line-compression patch. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
placing the line-compression patch on the wound channel by pressing the line-compression feature against a target area of a patient and placing the patch feature flat against the patient's skin. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
removing the line-compression patch from the wound after the achieving of hemostasis. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the wound channel is at a femoral vein access site after cardiac ablation, a left atrial appendage closure, or a mitral valve repair by percutaneous catheter procedure. | 2,800 |
343,373 | 16,802,710 | 2,844 | According to one embodiment, a power control circuit includes a converter, a signal generating circuit, an estimation unit, and a controller. The converter includes a switching circuit and is configured to transform an output voltage from a power generator. The signal generating circuit is configured to transmit a signal to the switching circuit. The estimation unit is configured to determine a switching operation condition based on vibration information indicative of a vibration applied to the power generator. The controller is configured to control an operation of the switching circuit based on the determined switching operation condition. | 1. A power control circuit comprising:
a converter including a switching circuit, the converter being configured to transform an output voltage from a power generator; a signal generating circuit configured to transmit a signal to the switching circuit; an estimation unit configured to determine a switching operation condition based on vibration information indicative of a vibration applied to the power generator; and a controller configured to control an operation of the switching circuit based on the determined switching operation condition. 2. The power control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the estimation unit is trained by using training data indicative of types of vibration and switching operation conditions corresponding to the types of vibration. 3. The power control circuit according to claim 1, further comprising an acquisition unit configured to acquire the vibration information. 4. The power control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the acquisition unit includes an acceleration sensor configured to measure an acceleration of the vibration applied to the power generator. 5. The power control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the acquisition unit is configured to estimate an acceleration of the vibration applied to the power generator by applying an inverse characteristics filter to an electric signal output from the power generator. 6. The power control circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the estimation unit is configured determine the switching operation condition by using a plurality of switching operation conditions prepared in advance; and the plurality of switching operation conditions include a first switching operation condition in which the switching circuit is in a fully conductive state, and a second switching operation condition in which the switching circuit is in a non-fully conductive state. 7. The power control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the second switching operation condition is determined based on an optimum resistance which is a circuit resistance that maximizes power generated by the power generator. 8. The power control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the estimation unit is configured to calculate a probability distribution of the switching operation conditions based on the vibration information, and to determine the switching operation condition by combining the switching operation conditions in the probability distribution. 9. The power control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the estimation unit includes a neural network. 10. A power generator comprising:
the power control circuit according to claim 1; and a power generation unit configured to convert a vibration to electric power. 11. A power generation system comprising:
the power control circuit according to claim 1; and a power generator configured to convert a vibration to electric power. | According to one embodiment, a power control circuit includes a converter, a signal generating circuit, an estimation unit, and a controller. The converter includes a switching circuit and is configured to transform an output voltage from a power generator. The signal generating circuit is configured to transmit a signal to the switching circuit. The estimation unit is configured to determine a switching operation condition based on vibration information indicative of a vibration applied to the power generator. The controller is configured to control an operation of the switching circuit based on the determined switching operation condition.1. A power control circuit comprising:
a converter including a switching circuit, the converter being configured to transform an output voltage from a power generator; a signal generating circuit configured to transmit a signal to the switching circuit; an estimation unit configured to determine a switching operation condition based on vibration information indicative of a vibration applied to the power generator; and a controller configured to control an operation of the switching circuit based on the determined switching operation condition. 2. The power control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the estimation unit is trained by using training data indicative of types of vibration and switching operation conditions corresponding to the types of vibration. 3. The power control circuit according to claim 1, further comprising an acquisition unit configured to acquire the vibration information. 4. The power control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the acquisition unit includes an acceleration sensor configured to measure an acceleration of the vibration applied to the power generator. 5. The power control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the acquisition unit is configured to estimate an acceleration of the vibration applied to the power generator by applying an inverse characteristics filter to an electric signal output from the power generator. 6. The power control circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the estimation unit is configured determine the switching operation condition by using a plurality of switching operation conditions prepared in advance; and the plurality of switching operation conditions include a first switching operation condition in which the switching circuit is in a fully conductive state, and a second switching operation condition in which the switching circuit is in a non-fully conductive state. 7. The power control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the second switching operation condition is determined based on an optimum resistance which is a circuit resistance that maximizes power generated by the power generator. 8. The power control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the estimation unit is configured to calculate a probability distribution of the switching operation conditions based on the vibration information, and to determine the switching operation condition by combining the switching operation conditions in the probability distribution. 9. The power control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the estimation unit includes a neural network. 10. A power generator comprising:
the power control circuit according to claim 1; and a power generation unit configured to convert a vibration to electric power. 11. A power generation system comprising:
the power control circuit according to claim 1; and a power generator configured to convert a vibration to electric power. | 2,800 |
343,374 | 16,802,808 | 2,859 | The present invention describes a method using temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging in conjunction with monetization activities. The method includes receiving temperature data and determining anticipated energy needs of a building. The temperature data includes at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries while the anticipated energy needs are relative to ambient air temperature. The method includes determining an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by a predetermined amount and determining based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries would be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. The method includes discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries to offset the anticipated needs of the building. | 1. A method that uses temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging events, the method comprising:
receiving at a processor temperature data, said temperature data comprising at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; determining anticipated energy needs of a building; determining an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated energy needs of the building by a predetermined amount; determining based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; and discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries to offset the anticipated needs of the building if it is determined that discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will not be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anticipated energy needs of the building are determined relative to ambient air temperature. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining anticipated energy needs of the building comprises:
analyzing weather data for the building, wherein the weather data comprises at least one of historic weather data and forecasted weather data; and determining a duration of at least one of (i) an electric load peak event that is about to occur at a meter behind which the charger is located and (ii) an electric load peak event on an opposite side of the meter from where the charger is located. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining anticipated energy needs of the building comprises:
identifying a pattern of electric peak load for the building based on an analysis of peak load data for the building; and predicting when an electric peak load event for the building is expected to occur based on the identified pattern. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by the predetermined amount comprises:
determining that one or more batteries in one or more electric vehicles are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring; and identifying the one or more vehicles in which the one or more batteries are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising preventing the one or more identified vehicles from being used for a purpose other than preventing the predicted peak load by at least one of instructing a fleet manager that the one or more identified vehicles should remain at the building, disabling the one or more identified vehicles for a purpose than preventing the predicted peak load, and locking a locking mechanism that is configured to prevent the one or more identified vehicles from being disconnected from the charger when the predicted electric peak load is expected to occur. 7. An apparatus that uses temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging events, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, are configured to cause the processor to:
receive temperature data, said temperature data comprising at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries;
determine anticipated energy needs of a building;
determine an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated energy needs of the building by a predetermined amount;
determine based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; and
discharge the one or more electric vehicle batteries to offset the anticipated needs of the building if it is determined that discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will not be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the anticipated energy needs of the building are determined relative to ambient air temperature. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the anticipated energy needs of the building by:
analyzing weather data for the building, wherein the weather data comprises at least one of historic weather data and forecasted weather data; and determining a duration of at least one of (i) an electric load peak event that is about to occur at a meter behind which the charger is located and (ii) an electric load peak event on an opposite side of the meter from where the charger is located. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the anticipated energy needs of the building by:
identifying a pattern of electric peak load for the building based on an analysis of historic peak load data for the building; predicting when an electric peak load event for the building is going to occur based on the identified pattern. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by the predetermined amount by:
determining that one or more batteries in one or more electric vehicles are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring; and identifying the one or more vehicles in which the one or more batteries are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring. 12. A system connected to an electric grid that uses temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging events, the system comprising:
a charger comprising an operations management component, wherein the operations management component comprises a processor in communication with one or more electric vehicles, wherein the processor is programmed to:
receive temperature data, said temperature data comprising at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries of the one or more electric vehicles or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries;
determine anticipated energy needs of a building;
determine an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by a predetermined amount;
determine based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; and
discharge the electric vehicle battery to offset the anticipated needs of the building if it is determined that discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will not be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the anticipated energy needs of the building are determined relative to ambient air temperature. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine anticipated energy needs of the building by:
analyzing weather data for the building, wherein the weather data comprises at least one of historic weather data and forecasted weather data; and determining a duration of at least one of (i) an electric load peak event that is about to occur at a meter behind which the charger is located and (ii) an electric load peak event beyond the meter, including but not limited to a utility or the electric grid. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine anticipated energy needs of the building by:
identifying a pattern of electric peak load for the building based on an analysis of historic electric peak load data for the building; and predicting when an electric peak load event for the building is going to occur based on the identified pattern. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by the predetermined amount by:
determining that one or more batteries in one or more electric vehicles are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring; and identifying the one or more vehicles in which the one or more batteries are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism automatically prevents the one or more identified vehicles from being disconnected from the charger when the predicted electric peak load is expected to occur. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the charger communicates bi-directionally with the one or more electric vehicles. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the charger comprises a bi-directional power conversion structure, wherein the bi-directional power conversion structure comprises at least one interconnect device configured to charge the one or more electric vehicle batteries from the electric grid or discharge energy stored at the one or more electric vehicle batteries back into the electric grid or the building. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries by:
determining that a first electric vehicle battery of the one or more electric vehicle batteries should not be discharged; and causing a first electric vehicle not to connect to the charger in order to ensure the charger remains open for one or more electric vehicle batteries that may be discharged, wherein the first electric vehicle contains the first electric vehicle battery. | The present invention describes a method using temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging in conjunction with monetization activities. The method includes receiving temperature data and determining anticipated energy needs of a building. The temperature data includes at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries while the anticipated energy needs are relative to ambient air temperature. The method includes determining an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by a predetermined amount and determining based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries would be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. The method includes discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries to offset the anticipated needs of the building.1. A method that uses temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging events, the method comprising:
receiving at a processor temperature data, said temperature data comprising at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; determining anticipated energy needs of a building; determining an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated energy needs of the building by a predetermined amount; determining based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; and discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries to offset the anticipated needs of the building if it is determined that discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will not be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anticipated energy needs of the building are determined relative to ambient air temperature. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining anticipated energy needs of the building comprises:
analyzing weather data for the building, wherein the weather data comprises at least one of historic weather data and forecasted weather data; and determining a duration of at least one of (i) an electric load peak event that is about to occur at a meter behind which the charger is located and (ii) an electric load peak event on an opposite side of the meter from where the charger is located. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining anticipated energy needs of the building comprises:
identifying a pattern of electric peak load for the building based on an analysis of peak load data for the building; and predicting when an electric peak load event for the building is expected to occur based on the identified pattern. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by the predetermined amount comprises:
determining that one or more batteries in one or more electric vehicles are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring; and identifying the one or more vehicles in which the one or more batteries are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising preventing the one or more identified vehicles from being used for a purpose other than preventing the predicted peak load by at least one of instructing a fleet manager that the one or more identified vehicles should remain at the building, disabling the one or more identified vehicles for a purpose than preventing the predicted peak load, and locking a locking mechanism that is configured to prevent the one or more identified vehicles from being disconnected from the charger when the predicted electric peak load is expected to occur. 7. An apparatus that uses temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging events, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, are configured to cause the processor to:
receive temperature data, said temperature data comprising at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries;
determine anticipated energy needs of a building;
determine an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated energy needs of the building by a predetermined amount;
determine based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; and
discharge the one or more electric vehicle batteries to offset the anticipated needs of the building if it is determined that discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will not be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the anticipated energy needs of the building are determined relative to ambient air temperature. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the anticipated energy needs of the building by:
analyzing weather data for the building, wherein the weather data comprises at least one of historic weather data and forecasted weather data; and determining a duration of at least one of (i) an electric load peak event that is about to occur at a meter behind which the charger is located and (ii) an electric load peak event on an opposite side of the meter from where the charger is located. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the anticipated energy needs of the building by:
identifying a pattern of electric peak load for the building based on an analysis of historic peak load data for the building; predicting when an electric peak load event for the building is going to occur based on the identified pattern. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by the predetermined amount by:
determining that one or more batteries in one or more electric vehicles are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring; and identifying the one or more vehicles in which the one or more batteries are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring. 12. A system connected to an electric grid that uses temperature data to protect battery health during bidirectional charging events, the system comprising:
a charger comprising an operations management component, wherein the operations management component comprises a processor in communication with one or more electric vehicles, wherein the processor is programmed to:
receive temperature data, said temperature data comprising at least the temperature of one or more electric vehicle batteries of the one or more electric vehicles or information required to determine the temperature of the one or more electric vehicle batteries;
determine anticipated energy needs of a building;
determine an amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by a predetermined amount;
determine based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries; and
discharge the electric vehicle battery to offset the anticipated needs of the building if it is determined that discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will not be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the anticipated energy needs of the building are determined relative to ambient air temperature. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine anticipated energy needs of the building by:
analyzing weather data for the building, wherein the weather data comprises at least one of historic weather data and forecasted weather data; and determining a duration of at least one of (i) an electric load peak event that is about to occur at a meter behind which the charger is located and (ii) an electric load peak event beyond the meter, including but not limited to a utility or the electric grid. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine anticipated energy needs of the building by:
identifying a pattern of electric peak load for the building based on an analysis of historic electric peak load data for the building; and predicting when an electric peak load event for the building is going to occur based on the identified pattern. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine the amount of discharge of the one or more electric vehicle batteries required to offset the anticipated needs of the building by the predetermined amount by:
determining that one or more batteries in one or more electric vehicles are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring; and identifying the one or more vehicles in which the one or more batteries are capable of discharging enough electricity to prevent the predicted electric peak load from occurring. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism automatically prevents the one or more identified vehicles from being disconnected from the charger when the predicted electric peak load is expected to occur. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the charger communicates bi-directionally with the one or more electric vehicles. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the charger comprises a bi-directional power conversion structure, wherein the bi-directional power conversion structure comprises at least one interconnect device configured to charge the one or more electric vehicle batteries from the electric grid or discharge energy stored at the one or more electric vehicle batteries back into the electric grid or the building. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processor to determine based on the temperature data whether discharging the one or more electric vehicle batteries by the predetermined amount will be harmful to the health of the one or more electric vehicle batteries by:
determining that a first electric vehicle battery of the one or more electric vehicle batteries should not be discharged; and causing a first electric vehicle not to connect to the charger in order to ensure the charger remains open for one or more electric vehicle batteries that may be discharged, wherein the first electric vehicle contains the first electric vehicle battery. | 2,800 |
343,375 | 16,802,810 | 2,859 | A programmable motion robotic system is disclosed that includes a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, the hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two adjacent arm sections of the plurality of arm sections mutually attached to a joint of the plurality of joints such that the joint portion of the hose remains substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the joint. | 1. A programmable motion robotic system comprising a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, said hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two adjacent arm sections of the plurality of arm sections mutually attached to a joint of the plurality of joints such that the joint portion of the hose remains substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the joint. 2. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each remain substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the respective joint. 3. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 4. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 5. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 6. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 3 inches. 7. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 8. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each remain substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the respective joint. 9. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each remain substantially inside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the respective joint. 10. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. 11. A programmable motion robotic system comprising a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, said hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two adjacent arm sections of the plurality of arm sections mutually attached to a joint of the plurality of joints such that the joint portion of the hose defines a plane that includes a direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the joint. 12. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 13. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 14. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 15. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 16. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 3 inches. 17. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 18. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 19. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally not parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 20. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. 21. A programmable motion robotic system comprising a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, said hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two arm sections of the plurality of arm sections with a joint of the plurality of joints therebetween such that the joint portion of the hose defines a plane that includes a direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the joint. 22. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 23. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 24. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 25. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 26. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 3 inches. 27. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 28. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 29. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally not parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 30. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. 31. A method of providing a high flow vacuum source to an end effector of a programmable motion robotic system, said method comprising: providing a hose that couples the end effector to a vacuum source, the hose including a joint portion of the hose proximate a joint of the programmable motion robotic system; and rotating at least one arm section attached to the joint about an axis, wherein the joint portion of the hose defines a plane that includes a direction that is generally parallel with the axis of rotation of the joint. 32. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 33. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 34. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 35. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 36. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 23 inches. 37. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 38. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 39. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally not parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 40. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. | A programmable motion robotic system is disclosed that includes a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, the hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two adjacent arm sections of the plurality of arm sections mutually attached to a joint of the plurality of joints such that the joint portion of the hose remains substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the joint.1. A programmable motion robotic system comprising a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, said hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two adjacent arm sections of the plurality of arm sections mutually attached to a joint of the plurality of joints such that the joint portion of the hose remains substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the joint. 2. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each remain substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the respective joint. 3. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 4. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 5. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 6. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 3 inches. 7. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 8. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each remain substantially outside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the respective joint. 9. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each remain substantially inside of any plane defined by motion of the mutually adjacent arm sections when rotated about the respective joint. 10. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. 11. A programmable motion robotic system comprising a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, said hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two adjacent arm sections of the plurality of arm sections mutually attached to a joint of the plurality of joints such that the joint portion of the hose defines a plane that includes a direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the joint. 12. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 13. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 14. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 15. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 16. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 3 inches. 17. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 18. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 19. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally not parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 20. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. 21. A programmable motion robotic system comprising a plurality of arm sections that are joined one to another at a plurality of joints to form an articulated arm; and a hose coupling an end effector of the programmable motion robotic system to a vacuum source, said hose being attached, in a joint portion of the hose, to at least two arm sections of the plurality of arm sections with a joint of the plurality of joints therebetween such that the joint portion of the hose defines a plane that includes a direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the joint. 22. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 23. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 24. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 25. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 26. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 3 inches. 27. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 28. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 29. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally not parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 30. The programmable motion robotic system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. 31. A method of providing a high flow vacuum source to an end effector of a programmable motion robotic system, said method comprising: providing a hose that couples the end effector to a vacuum source, the hose including a joint portion of the hose proximate a joint of the programmable motion robotic system; and rotating at least one arm section attached to the joint about an axis, wherein the joint portion of the hose defines a plane that includes a direction that is generally parallel with the axis of rotation of the joint. 32. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose includes at least two joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose each defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 33. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a flow rate of at least 100 cubic feet per minute. 34. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the vacuum source provides, via the hose, a vacuum at the end effector having a vacuum pressure of no more than 50,000 Pascals below atmospheric. 35. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 1 inch. 36. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose has an inner diameter of at least 23 inches. 37. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose has a helical ribbing. 38. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose includes at least three joint portions of the hose, each of which joint portion of the hose is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 39. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the hose includes no portions of the hose that is attached to at least two adjacent arm sections mutually attached to a respective joint such that the joint portions of the hose defines a plane that includes a respective direction that is generally not parallel with an axis of rotation of the respective joint. 40. The method as claimed in claim 31, wherein the end effector includes a flexible bellows. | 2,800 |
343,376 | 16,802,791 | 2,859 | An article including an inorganic compound according to the present invention includes a porous part and a no-porous frame body surrounding the porous part in a plane direction, and includes a stress relaxation part between the porous part and the frame body. | 1. An article including an inorganic compound comprising:
a porous part having a porous structure; a frame body having a no-porous structure and surrounding the porous part, the porous part and the no-porous part being provided in a plane direction; and a stress relaxation part between the porous part and the frame body. 2. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, further comprising a support part having a no-porous structure that is provided between the porous part and the stress relaxation part so as to surround the porous part. 3. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 2, wherein a thickness in the plane direction of the support part is 5 mm or less. 4. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the stress relaxation part is provided within a range of 10 mm or less from an end portion of the porous part, and comprises a site thinner than a thickness of the porous part in a direction perpendicular to the plane direction. 5. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the stress relaxation part comprises a plurality of parts that are spaced from one another. 6. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein a porosity per unit area on a cross-section of the porous part is 15% or more, and a porosity per unit area on a cross-section of the frame body is 10% or less. 7. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the stress relaxation part has a no-porous structure. 8. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 7, wherein a ratio AB of a porosity A of the stress relaxation part to a porosity B of the frame body is not less than 0.9 and not more than 1.1. 9. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein a first metal element contained most in a molar ratio and a second metal element contained next most in the molar ratio are common among the porous part, the frame body, and the stress relaxation part. 10. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 9, wherein the first metal element is aluminum and the second metal element is a rare earth element. 11. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the article including the inorganic compound is plate-shaped. 12. A chuck table comprising:
a body part having a concave part to which a vent is connected; and a chuck plate for blocking the concave part, wherein the chuck plate is the article including an inorganic compound according to claim 11. 13. A method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound comprising a porous part having a porous structure, a frame body having a no-porous structure and surrounding the porous part, and a stress relaxation part between the porous part and the frame body, comprising:
forming a powder layer with powder containing inorganic compound powder; and irradiating the powder layer with an energy beam based on a three-dimensional shape of the article to melt and solidify or sinter the powder. 14. The method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound according to claim 13, further comprising heating a manufactured object formed by repeating the forming the powder layer and the melting and solidifying or sintering the powder. 15. The method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound according to claim 14, further comprising causing the manufactured object to absorb liquid containing zirconium before heating the manufactured object when the powder containing the inorganic compound powder contains aluminum oxide as a main component. 16. The method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound according to claim 13, wherein the porous part and the no-porous part are formed selectively and separately from each other by switching at least one of a scan speed, a scan pitch, focal position, and an output of the energy beam. | An article including an inorganic compound according to the present invention includes a porous part and a no-porous frame body surrounding the porous part in a plane direction, and includes a stress relaxation part between the porous part and the frame body.1. An article including an inorganic compound comprising:
a porous part having a porous structure; a frame body having a no-porous structure and surrounding the porous part, the porous part and the no-porous part being provided in a plane direction; and a stress relaxation part between the porous part and the frame body. 2. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, further comprising a support part having a no-porous structure that is provided between the porous part and the stress relaxation part so as to surround the porous part. 3. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 2, wherein a thickness in the plane direction of the support part is 5 mm or less. 4. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the stress relaxation part is provided within a range of 10 mm or less from an end portion of the porous part, and comprises a site thinner than a thickness of the porous part in a direction perpendicular to the plane direction. 5. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the stress relaxation part comprises a plurality of parts that are spaced from one another. 6. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein a porosity per unit area on a cross-section of the porous part is 15% or more, and a porosity per unit area on a cross-section of the frame body is 10% or less. 7. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the stress relaxation part has a no-porous structure. 8. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 7, wherein a ratio AB of a porosity A of the stress relaxation part to a porosity B of the frame body is not less than 0.9 and not more than 1.1. 9. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein a first metal element contained most in a molar ratio and a second metal element contained next most in the molar ratio are common among the porous part, the frame body, and the stress relaxation part. 10. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 9, wherein the first metal element is aluminum and the second metal element is a rare earth element. 11. The article including an inorganic compound according to claim 1, wherein the article including the inorganic compound is plate-shaped. 12. A chuck table comprising:
a body part having a concave part to which a vent is connected; and a chuck plate for blocking the concave part, wherein the chuck plate is the article including an inorganic compound according to claim 11. 13. A method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound comprising a porous part having a porous structure, a frame body having a no-porous structure and surrounding the porous part, and a stress relaxation part between the porous part and the frame body, comprising:
forming a powder layer with powder containing inorganic compound powder; and irradiating the powder layer with an energy beam based on a three-dimensional shape of the article to melt and solidify or sinter the powder. 14. The method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound according to claim 13, further comprising heating a manufactured object formed by repeating the forming the powder layer and the melting and solidifying or sintering the powder. 15. The method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound according to claim 14, further comprising causing the manufactured object to absorb liquid containing zirconium before heating the manufactured object when the powder containing the inorganic compound powder contains aluminum oxide as a main component. 16. The method of manufacturing an article including an inorganic compound according to claim 13, wherein the porous part and the no-porous part are formed selectively and separately from each other by switching at least one of a scan speed, a scan pitch, focal position, and an output of the energy beam. | 2,800 |
343,377 | 16,802,824 | 2,859 | Provided is a fluid control device including: a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and a side surface adjacent to the installation surface; a heater that heats the body member; a heater holding member that has a facing surface facing the installation surface of the body member and holds the heater along the side surface with the facing surface made to face the installation surface; and a pressing mechanism that presses the facing surface toward the installation surface. | 1. A fluid control device comprising:
a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and a side surface adjacent to the installation surface; a heater that heats the body member; a heater holding member that has a facing surface facing the installation surface of the body member and holds the heater along the side surface with the facing surface made to face the installation surface; and a pressing mechanism that presses the facing surface toward the installation surface. 2. The fluid control device according to claim 1, wherein
the installation surface is one including a first contact part that contacts with the facing surface, the facing surface is one including a second contact part that contacts with the first contact part, and at least one of the first contact part and the second contact part is formed in a surface shape that is tilted with respect to a pressing direction of the pressing mechanism. 3. The fluid control device according to claim 2, wherein
the first contact part and the second contact part are ones constituting a slide mechanism that interposes between the installation surface and the facing surface, and the slide mechanism is one that slides the heater holding member with respect to the body member with use of pressing by the pressing mechanism so that the heater moves toward the side surface. 4. The fluid control device according to claim 2, wherein
the first contact part and the second contact part are configured to make a surface contact with each other. 5. The fluid control device according to claim 1, wherein
the heater holding member is one comprising: an attachment part having the facing surface; and a heater holding part that extends from a facing surface side of the attachment part along the side surface, and the heater is provided on at least one of one surface of the heater holding part and the other surface on a side opposite to the one surface, the one surface facing the side surface. 6. The fluid control device according to claim 5, wherein
the one surface of the heater holding member is tilted from the facing surface toward the side surface. 7. The fluid control device according to claim 5, wherein
the pressing mechanism is one comprising: a screw hole provided in the installation surface; a long hole that penetrates through the attachment part and extends in a direction away from the heater holding part; and a screw member that is screwed to the screw hole through the long hole. 8. A fluid control device comprising: a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and paired side surfaces adjacent to the installation surface; heaters arranged along the respective side surfaces; and a holding mechanism that holds the heaters while bringing the heaters into close contact with the side surfaces, wherein
the holding mechanism comprises: paired heater holding plates that face corresponding ones of the side surfaces of the body member and hold the heaters with the side surfaces; a locking structure that is provided to the body member and locks one end parts of the paired heater holding plates, the one end parts extending in a direction opposite to a direction in which the installation surface faces; and a connecting mechanism that mutually connects the other end parts of the paired heater holding plates, the other end parts extending in the direction in which the installation surface faces, and the heaters are configured to be held brought into close contact with the side surfaces by locking the one end parts of the paired heater holding plates to the locking structure and mutually connecting the other end parts by the connecting mechanism. 9. A fluid control device comprising: a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and paired side surfaces adjacent to the installation surface; heaters arranged along the side surfaces; and a holding mechanism that holds the heaters while bringing the heaters into close contact with the side surfaces, wherein
the holding mechanism comprises: heater holding plates that face the side surfaces of the body member and hold the heaters with the side surfaces; a locking structure that is provided to the body member and locks one end parts of the heater holding plates, the one end parts extending in a direction opposite to a direction in which the installation surface faces; and a connecting mechanism that connects the other end parts of the heater holding plates to the body member, the other end parts extending in the direction in which the installation surface faces, and the heaters are configured to be held brought into close contact with the side surfaces by locking the one end parts of the paired heater holding plates to the locking structure and connecting the other end parts to the installation surface by the connecting mechanism. | Provided is a fluid control device including: a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and a side surface adjacent to the installation surface; a heater that heats the body member; a heater holding member that has a facing surface facing the installation surface of the body member and holds the heater along the side surface with the facing surface made to face the installation surface; and a pressing mechanism that presses the facing surface toward the installation surface.1. A fluid control device comprising:
a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and a side surface adjacent to the installation surface; a heater that heats the body member; a heater holding member that has a facing surface facing the installation surface of the body member and holds the heater along the side surface with the facing surface made to face the installation surface; and a pressing mechanism that presses the facing surface toward the installation surface. 2. The fluid control device according to claim 1, wherein
the installation surface is one including a first contact part that contacts with the facing surface, the facing surface is one including a second contact part that contacts with the first contact part, and at least one of the first contact part and the second contact part is formed in a surface shape that is tilted with respect to a pressing direction of the pressing mechanism. 3. The fluid control device according to claim 2, wherein
the first contact part and the second contact part are ones constituting a slide mechanism that interposes between the installation surface and the facing surface, and the slide mechanism is one that slides the heater holding member with respect to the body member with use of pressing by the pressing mechanism so that the heater moves toward the side surface. 4. The fluid control device according to claim 2, wherein
the first contact part and the second contact part are configured to make a surface contact with each other. 5. The fluid control device according to claim 1, wherein
the heater holding member is one comprising: an attachment part having the facing surface; and a heater holding part that extends from a facing surface side of the attachment part along the side surface, and the heater is provided on at least one of one surface of the heater holding part and the other surface on a side opposite to the one surface, the one surface facing the side surface. 6. The fluid control device according to claim 5, wherein
the one surface of the heater holding member is tilted from the facing surface toward the side surface. 7. The fluid control device according to claim 5, wherein
the pressing mechanism is one comprising: a screw hole provided in the installation surface; a long hole that penetrates through the attachment part and extends in a direction away from the heater holding part; and a screw member that is screwed to the screw hole through the long hole. 8. A fluid control device comprising: a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and paired side surfaces adjacent to the installation surface; heaters arranged along the respective side surfaces; and a holding mechanism that holds the heaters while bringing the heaters into close contact with the side surfaces, wherein
the holding mechanism comprises: paired heater holding plates that face corresponding ones of the side surfaces of the body member and hold the heaters with the side surfaces; a locking structure that is provided to the body member and locks one end parts of the paired heater holding plates, the one end parts extending in a direction opposite to a direction in which the installation surface faces; and a connecting mechanism that mutually connects the other end parts of the paired heater holding plates, the other end parts extending in the direction in which the installation surface faces, and the heaters are configured to be held brought into close contact with the side surfaces by locking the one end parts of the paired heater holding plates to the locking structure and mutually connecting the other end parts by the connecting mechanism. 9. A fluid control device comprising: a body member that is a block-shaped one having inside a flow path through which fluid flows and has an installation surface on which respective equipment for controlling the fluid flowing through the flow path is installed and paired side surfaces adjacent to the installation surface; heaters arranged along the side surfaces; and a holding mechanism that holds the heaters while bringing the heaters into close contact with the side surfaces, wherein
the holding mechanism comprises: heater holding plates that face the side surfaces of the body member and hold the heaters with the side surfaces; a locking structure that is provided to the body member and locks one end parts of the heater holding plates, the one end parts extending in a direction opposite to a direction in which the installation surface faces; and a connecting mechanism that connects the other end parts of the heater holding plates to the body member, the other end parts extending in the direction in which the installation surface faces, and the heaters are configured to be held brought into close contact with the side surfaces by locking the one end parts of the paired heater holding plates to the locking structure and connecting the other end parts to the installation surface by the connecting mechanism. | 2,800 |
343,378 | 16,802,798 | 2,859 | A chip antenna includes a first substrate, a second substrate overlapping the first substrate, a first patch, provided on a first surface of the first substrate, operating as a feed patch, a second patch, provided on the second substrate, operating as a radiation patch, at least one feed via penetrating through the first substrate in a thickness direction and configured to provide a feed signal to the first patch, and a ground pad provided on the other surface of the first substrate. The first substrate comprises a ceramic sintered material. The ceramic sintered material comprises an Mg2SiO4 phase, an MgAl2O4 phase, and a CaTiO3 phase, and a content of the CaTiO3 phase in the ceramic sintered material ranges from 5.1 mol % to 15.1 mol %. | 1. A chip antenna comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate overlapping the first substrate; a first patch, provided on a first surface of the first substrate; a second patch, provided on the second substrate; at least one feed via penetrating through the first substrate in a thickness direction and configured to provide a feed signal to the first patch; and a ground pad provided on a second surface of the first substrate, wherein the first substrate comprises a ceramic sintered material, and wherein the ceramic sintered material comprises an Mg2SiO4 phase, an MgAl2O4 phase, and a CaTiO3 phase, and a content of the CaTiO3 phase in the ceramic sintered material ranges from 5.1 mol % to 15.1 mol %. 2. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first patch is a feed patch, and the second patch is a radiation patch. 3. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first substrate has a dielectric constant of 7.5 to 15.6 at 28 GHz. 4. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the ceramic sintered material is a sintered material of a mixture of MgO particles, SiO2 particles, Al2O3 particles, and CaTiO3 particles. 5. The chip antenna of claim 4, wherein a content of the CaTiO3 particles in the mixture ranges from 12% by weight to 33% by weight. 6. The chip antenna of claim 5, wherein a content of the MgO particles in the mixture ranges from 38.5 mol % to 50.2 mol %. 7. The chip antenna of claim 5, wherein a content of the SiO2 particles in the mixture ranges from 28.0 mol % to 35.6 mol %. 8. The chip antenna of claim 5, wherein a content of the Al2O3 particles in the mixture ranges from 7.0 mol % to 9.1 mol %. 9. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the second substrate is formed of a same material as the first substrate. 10. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first substrate corresponds to two to three times a thickness of the second substrate. 11. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first substrate has a thickness of 150 μm to 500 μm. 12. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the second substrate has a thickness of 50 μm to 200 μm. 13. The chip antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 14. The chip antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 15. The chip antenna of claim 14, wherein the bonding layer has a dielectric constant lower than a dielectric constant of the first substrate and a dielectric constant of the second substrate. 16. A chip antenna comprising:
a first substrate comprising a ceramic sintered material; a second substrate overlapping the first substrate; a bonding layer provided on a first surface of the first substrate, and provided on a second surface of the second substrate; wherein a dielectric constant of the bonding layer is lower than a dielectric constant of the first substrate and a dielectric constant of the second substrate, and wherein the ceramic sintered material comprises an Mg2SiO4 phase, an MgAl2O4 phase, and a CaTiO3 phase, and a content of the CaTiO3 phase in the ceramic sintered material ranges from 5.1 mol % to 15.1 mol %. | A chip antenna includes a first substrate, a second substrate overlapping the first substrate, a first patch, provided on a first surface of the first substrate, operating as a feed patch, a second patch, provided on the second substrate, operating as a radiation patch, at least one feed via penetrating through the first substrate in a thickness direction and configured to provide a feed signal to the first patch, and a ground pad provided on the other surface of the first substrate. The first substrate comprises a ceramic sintered material. The ceramic sintered material comprises an Mg2SiO4 phase, an MgAl2O4 phase, and a CaTiO3 phase, and a content of the CaTiO3 phase in the ceramic sintered material ranges from 5.1 mol % to 15.1 mol %.1. A chip antenna comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate overlapping the first substrate; a first patch, provided on a first surface of the first substrate; a second patch, provided on the second substrate; at least one feed via penetrating through the first substrate in a thickness direction and configured to provide a feed signal to the first patch; and a ground pad provided on a second surface of the first substrate, wherein the first substrate comprises a ceramic sintered material, and wherein the ceramic sintered material comprises an Mg2SiO4 phase, an MgAl2O4 phase, and a CaTiO3 phase, and a content of the CaTiO3 phase in the ceramic sintered material ranges from 5.1 mol % to 15.1 mol %. 2. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first patch is a feed patch, and the second patch is a radiation patch. 3. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first substrate has a dielectric constant of 7.5 to 15.6 at 28 GHz. 4. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the ceramic sintered material is a sintered material of a mixture of MgO particles, SiO2 particles, Al2O3 particles, and CaTiO3 particles. 5. The chip antenna of claim 4, wherein a content of the CaTiO3 particles in the mixture ranges from 12% by weight to 33% by weight. 6. The chip antenna of claim 5, wherein a content of the MgO particles in the mixture ranges from 38.5 mol % to 50.2 mol %. 7. The chip antenna of claim 5, wherein a content of the SiO2 particles in the mixture ranges from 28.0 mol % to 35.6 mol %. 8. The chip antenna of claim 5, wherein a content of the Al2O3 particles in the mixture ranges from 7.0 mol % to 9.1 mol %. 9. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the second substrate is formed of a same material as the first substrate. 10. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first substrate corresponds to two to three times a thickness of the second substrate. 11. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the first substrate has a thickness of 150 μm to 500 μm. 12. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the second substrate has a thickness of 50 μm to 200 μm. 13. The chip antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 14. The chip antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. 15. The chip antenna of claim 14, wherein the bonding layer has a dielectric constant lower than a dielectric constant of the first substrate and a dielectric constant of the second substrate. 16. A chip antenna comprising:
a first substrate comprising a ceramic sintered material; a second substrate overlapping the first substrate; a bonding layer provided on a first surface of the first substrate, and provided on a second surface of the second substrate; wherein a dielectric constant of the bonding layer is lower than a dielectric constant of the first substrate and a dielectric constant of the second substrate, and wherein the ceramic sintered material comprises an Mg2SiO4 phase, an MgAl2O4 phase, and a CaTiO3 phase, and a content of the CaTiO3 phase in the ceramic sintered material ranges from 5.1 mol % to 15.1 mol %. | 2,800 |
343,379 | 16,802,811 | 2,859 | A relay apparatus relays a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between communication devices, and includes: communication ports each of which is connected to one of the communication devices; a determiner that receives a reception frame from a communication port among the communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the communication devices, and performs determination of the reception frame by referring a header portion of the reception frame; a rewriter that generates a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition; and a transmitter that transmits the transmission frame from a communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the communication ports. | 1. A relay apparatus configured to relay a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between a plurality of communication devices, comprising:
a plurality of communication ports each of which is connected to one of the plurality of communication devices; a type determiner configured to
receive a reception frame from a communication port among the plurality of communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the plurality of communication devices, and
determine a type of the reception frame by referring a header portion of the reception frame;
a rewriter configured to generate a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition when the type of the reception frame corresponds to a predetermined type; and a transmitter configured to transmit the transmission frame from a communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the plurality of communication ports. 2. The relay apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transfer destination recorder configured to record transfer destination information regarding an address of the communication device as the transmission destination, wherein in the transfer destination information, a first address indicating an address in an upper layer protocol is associated with a second address indicating an address in a connection protocol, a protocol performing the connection type communication is set to the connection protocol, a protocol in an upper layer than the connection protocol is set to the upper layer protocol, a header portion of the reception frame includes a destination address destined for the relay apparatus in the connection protocol, and an upper layer address destined for the communication device as the transmission destination in the upper layer protocol, and the rewriter is configured to
extract the second address in accordance with the first address from the first address matching the upper layer address, and
convert the destination address of the reception frame to the extracted second address. 3. The relay apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the relay apparatus is configured to communicate the frame by the connection type communication that exchanges a sequence number and an ACK number between the relay apparatus and each of the plurality of communication devices, and the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing correction of at least one of the sequence number or the ACK number in the reception frame in accordance with a difference of a data amount between the relay apparatus and each of the plurality of communication devices in a case where the difference occurs. 4. The relay apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the case where the difference occurs includes a case where a prior communication other than communication for a relay target occurs, and in the case where the prior communication occurs, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing the correction in accordance with the data amount of the prior communication. 5. The relay apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the case where the difference of the data amount occurs includes a case where a frame size is changed in a connection protocol by the connection type communication due to change or deletion of a header of an upper layer protocol in an upper layer than the connection type communication, and in the case where the frame size is changed in the connection protocol by the connection type communication due to the change or the deletion of the header of the upper layer protocol in the upper layer than the connection type communication, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while calculating a data size difference between the reception frame and the transmission frame and performing the correction. 6. The relay apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a number recorder configured to record a sequence table in which a previous transmission reception sequence number, an ACK number, a transmission index, and an ACK index are described, wherein the rewriter is configured to
recognize a difference of the data amount by referring the sequence table, and
rewrite the sequence table when generating the transmission frame. 7. The relay apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the plurality of communication ports include three transfer destination ports or more, the number recorder includes the sequence table for each of the transfer destination ports, the rewriter is configured to rewrite the sequence table for each of the transfer destination ports. 8. The relay apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a proxy portion configured to establish connection by handshake with the plurality of communication devices by proxy. 9. A relay apparatus configured to relay a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between a plurality of communication devices, comprising:
a plurality of communication ports each of which is connected to one of the plurality of communication devices; a data determiner configured to
receive a reception frame from a communication port among the plurality of communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the plurality of communication devices, and
determine whether the reception frame corresponds to division data by referring a header portion of the reception frame, the division data is being obtained by dividing large data corresponding to data to be divided in an upper layer protocol, transmitted, and received;
a rewriter configured to generate a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition while comparing a data total length indicating large data in the header portion of the reception frame with a data amount of the division data, when the reception frame corresponds to the division data; and a transmitter configured to transmit the transmission frame from the communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the plurality of communication devices, wherein a protocol performing the connection type communication is set to a connection protocol, and a protocol in an upper layer than the connection protocol is set to the upper layer protocol. 10. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a management table configured to record a head flag and an end flag, wherein the rewriter is configured to set the head flag in the management table when reception of the large data starts, and the rewriter is configured to set the end flag in the management table when the reception of the large data is completed. 11. The relay apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the management table is configured as a ring type record area. 12. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a transfer destination recorder configured to record transfer destination information regarding an address of the communication device as the transmission destination, wherein in the transfer destination information, a first address indicating an address in the upper layer protocol is associated with a second address indicating an address in the connection protocol, the header portion of the reception frame includes
a destination address destined for the relay apparatus in the connection protocol, and
an upper layer address destined for the communication device as the transmission destination in the upper layer protocol, and
the rewriter is configured to
extract the second address in accordance with the first address from the first address matching the upper layer address, and
convert the destination address of the reception frame to the extracted second address. 13. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the relay apparatus is configured to communicate the frame by the connection type communication that exchanges a sequence number and an ACK number with each of the plurality of communication devices, and the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing correction of at least one of the sequence number or the ACK number in the reception frame in accordance with a difference of a data amount between the plurality of communication devices in a case where the difference occurs. 14. The relay apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the case where the difference occurs includes a case where a prior communication other than communication for a relay target occurs, and in the case where the prior communication occurs, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing the correction in accordance with the data amount of the prior communication. 15. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the case where the difference of the data amount occurs includes a case where a frame size is changed in the connection protocol by the connection type communication due to change or deletion of a header of the upper layer protocol in the upper layer than the connection type communication, and in the case where the frame size is changed in the connection protocol by the connection type communication due to the change or the deletion of the header of the upper layer protocol in the upper layer than the connection type communication, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while calculating a data size difference between the reception frame and the transmission frame and performing the correction. 16. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a number recorder configured to record a sequence table in which a previous transmission reception sequence number, an ACK number, a transmission index, and an ACK index are described, wherein the rewriter is configured to
recognize a difference of the data amount by referring the sequence table, and
rewrite the sequence table when generating the transmission frame. 17. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a proxy portion configured to establish connection by handshake with the plurality of communication devices by proxy. 18. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a TCP is employed as the connection protocol, and a DoIP is employed as the upper layer protocol. 19. A relay apparatus configured to relay a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between a plurality of communication devices, comprising:
a plurality of communication ports each of which is connected to one of the plurality of communication devices; a processor configured to
receive a reception frame from a communication port among the plurality of communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the plurality of communication devices,
perform determination of the reception frame by referring a header portion of the reception frame,
generate a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the transmission frame from a communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the plurality of communication ports. | A relay apparatus relays a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between communication devices, and includes: communication ports each of which is connected to one of the communication devices; a determiner that receives a reception frame from a communication port among the communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the communication devices, and performs determination of the reception frame by referring a header portion of the reception frame; a rewriter that generates a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition; and a transmitter that transmits the transmission frame from a communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the communication ports.1. A relay apparatus configured to relay a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between a plurality of communication devices, comprising:
a plurality of communication ports each of which is connected to one of the plurality of communication devices; a type determiner configured to
receive a reception frame from a communication port among the plurality of communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the plurality of communication devices, and
determine a type of the reception frame by referring a header portion of the reception frame;
a rewriter configured to generate a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition when the type of the reception frame corresponds to a predetermined type; and a transmitter configured to transmit the transmission frame from a communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the plurality of communication ports. 2. The relay apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a transfer destination recorder configured to record transfer destination information regarding an address of the communication device as the transmission destination, wherein in the transfer destination information, a first address indicating an address in an upper layer protocol is associated with a second address indicating an address in a connection protocol, a protocol performing the connection type communication is set to the connection protocol, a protocol in an upper layer than the connection protocol is set to the upper layer protocol, a header portion of the reception frame includes a destination address destined for the relay apparatus in the connection protocol, and an upper layer address destined for the communication device as the transmission destination in the upper layer protocol, and the rewriter is configured to
extract the second address in accordance with the first address from the first address matching the upper layer address, and
convert the destination address of the reception frame to the extracted second address. 3. The relay apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the relay apparatus is configured to communicate the frame by the connection type communication that exchanges a sequence number and an ACK number between the relay apparatus and each of the plurality of communication devices, and the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing correction of at least one of the sequence number or the ACK number in the reception frame in accordance with a difference of a data amount between the relay apparatus and each of the plurality of communication devices in a case where the difference occurs. 4. The relay apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the case where the difference occurs includes a case where a prior communication other than communication for a relay target occurs, and in the case where the prior communication occurs, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing the correction in accordance with the data amount of the prior communication. 5. The relay apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the case where the difference of the data amount occurs includes a case where a frame size is changed in a connection protocol by the connection type communication due to change or deletion of a header of an upper layer protocol in an upper layer than the connection type communication, and in the case where the frame size is changed in the connection protocol by the connection type communication due to the change or the deletion of the header of the upper layer protocol in the upper layer than the connection type communication, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while calculating a data size difference between the reception frame and the transmission frame and performing the correction. 6. The relay apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a number recorder configured to record a sequence table in which a previous transmission reception sequence number, an ACK number, a transmission index, and an ACK index are described, wherein the rewriter is configured to
recognize a difference of the data amount by referring the sequence table, and
rewrite the sequence table when generating the transmission frame. 7. The relay apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the plurality of communication ports include three transfer destination ports or more, the number recorder includes the sequence table for each of the transfer destination ports, the rewriter is configured to rewrite the sequence table for each of the transfer destination ports. 8. The relay apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a proxy portion configured to establish connection by handshake with the plurality of communication devices by proxy. 9. A relay apparatus configured to relay a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between a plurality of communication devices, comprising:
a plurality of communication ports each of which is connected to one of the plurality of communication devices; a data determiner configured to
receive a reception frame from a communication port among the plurality of communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the plurality of communication devices, and
determine whether the reception frame corresponds to division data by referring a header portion of the reception frame, the division data is being obtained by dividing large data corresponding to data to be divided in an upper layer protocol, transmitted, and received;
a rewriter configured to generate a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition while comparing a data total length indicating large data in the header portion of the reception frame with a data amount of the division data, when the reception frame corresponds to the division data; and a transmitter configured to transmit the transmission frame from the communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the plurality of communication devices, wherein a protocol performing the connection type communication is set to a connection protocol, and a protocol in an upper layer than the connection protocol is set to the upper layer protocol. 10. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a management table configured to record a head flag and an end flag, wherein the rewriter is configured to set the head flag in the management table when reception of the large data starts, and the rewriter is configured to set the end flag in the management table when the reception of the large data is completed. 11. The relay apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the management table is configured as a ring type record area. 12. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a transfer destination recorder configured to record transfer destination information regarding an address of the communication device as the transmission destination, wherein in the transfer destination information, a first address indicating an address in the upper layer protocol is associated with a second address indicating an address in the connection protocol, the header portion of the reception frame includes
a destination address destined for the relay apparatus in the connection protocol, and
an upper layer address destined for the communication device as the transmission destination in the upper layer protocol, and
the rewriter is configured to
extract the second address in accordance with the first address from the first address matching the upper layer address, and
convert the destination address of the reception frame to the extracted second address. 13. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the relay apparatus is configured to communicate the frame by the connection type communication that exchanges a sequence number and an ACK number with each of the plurality of communication devices, and the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing correction of at least one of the sequence number or the ACK number in the reception frame in accordance with a difference of a data amount between the plurality of communication devices in a case where the difference occurs. 14. The relay apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the case where the difference occurs includes a case where a prior communication other than communication for a relay target occurs, and in the case where the prior communication occurs, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while performing the correction in accordance with the data amount of the prior communication. 15. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the case where the difference of the data amount occurs includes a case where a frame size is changed in the connection protocol by the connection type communication due to change or deletion of a header of the upper layer protocol in the upper layer than the connection type communication, and in the case where the frame size is changed in the connection protocol by the connection type communication due to the change or the deletion of the header of the upper layer protocol in the upper layer than the connection type communication, the rewriter is configured to generate the transmission frame while calculating a data size difference between the reception frame and the transmission frame and performing the correction. 16. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a number recorder configured to record a sequence table in which a previous transmission reception sequence number, an ACK number, a transmission index, and an ACK index are described, wherein the rewriter is configured to
recognize a difference of the data amount by referring the sequence table, and
rewrite the sequence table when generating the transmission frame. 17. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
a proxy portion configured to establish connection by handshake with the plurality of communication devices by proxy. 18. The relay apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a TCP is employed as the connection protocol, and a DoIP is employed as the upper layer protocol. 19. A relay apparatus configured to relay a frame by connection type communication in which the frame is transmitted and received between a plurality of communication devices, comprising:
a plurality of communication ports each of which is connected to one of the plurality of communication devices; a processor configured to
receive a reception frame from a communication port among the plurality of communication ports, the communication port being connected to a communication device as a frame transmission source among the plurality of communication devices,
perform determination of the reception frame by referring a header portion of the reception frame,
generate a transmission frame obtained by rewriting the header portion of the reception frame in accordance with a predetermined condition; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the transmission frame from a communication port connected to a communication device as transmission destination among the plurality of communication ports. | 2,800 |
343,380 | 16,802,809 | 3,674 | There is provided a downhole flow control apparatus comprising: a housing; a port extending through the housing; a passage disposed within the housing for conducting material to and from the port; a flow control member displaceable relative to the port; and a flow control member actuator configured for producing a pressurized fluid for urging the displacement of the flow control member. | 1-26. (canceled) 27. A downhole flow control apparatus comprising;
a housing; a port extending through the housing; a passage disposed within the housing for conducting material to and from the port; a flow control member displaceable relative to the port; and a flow control member actuator configured for producing a pressurized fluid for urging the displacement of the flow control member. 28. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the pressurized fluid that is producible by the flow control member actuator is a pressurized gaseous material. 29. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27, further comprising:
a controller configured for determining a subsurface condition; wherein the flow control member actuator is coupled to the controller such that the generating of the pressurized fluid is effectible based on the determination of a subsurface condition by the controller. 30. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 29;
wherein: the pressurized fluid is producible, for urging displacement of the flow control member from the closed position to the open position based on the determination, by the controller, of a subsurface condition that is a flow control member opening condition; and the pressurized fluid is producible, for urging displacement of the flow control member from the open position to the closed position, based on the determination, by the controller, of a subsurface condition that is a flow control member closing condition. 31. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27:
wherein: the flow control member actuator includes an opening actuator and a closing actuator; the opening actuator is configured to effect generation of a pressurized fluid such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the closed position to the open position, is effected by the generated pressurized fluid; and the closing actuator is configured to effect generation of a pressurized fluid such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the closed position to the open position, is effected by the generated pressurized fluid. 32. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31;
wherein: the pressurized fluid that is producible by the opening actuator is a pressurized gaseous material; and the pressurized fluid that is producible by the closing actuator is a pressurized gaseous material. 33. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31;
wherein: the opening actuator includes a first squib; and the closing actuator includes a second squib. 34. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31, further comprising:
a first chamber and a second chamber; wherein: the opening actuator, the first chamber, and the flow control member are co-operatively configured such that, the pressurized fluid, producible by the opening actuator, is conductible to the first chamber for communication to the flow control member for such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the closed position to the open position, is effectible by urging by the pressurized fluid; and the closing actuator, the second chamber, and the flow control member are co-operatively configured such that, a pressurized fluid, producible by the closing actuator, is conductible to the second chamber for communication to the flow control member such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the open position to the closed position, is effectible by urging by the pressurized fluid. 35. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 34, further comprising:
a sealing interface; wherein fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber is sealed, or substantially sealed, by the sealing interface. 36. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31, further comprising:
a controller configured for determining a subsurface condition, and to operate the opening actuator, upon determination of a flow control member opening condition by the controller, to effect generation of the pressurized fluid by the opening actuator; and to operate the closing actuator, upon determination of a flow control member closing condition by the controller, to effect generation of the pressurized fluid by the opening actuator. 37. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member includes a sleeve that is slideably disposed within the housing. 38. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member, the port, and the passage are co-operatively configured such that, while the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation, the displaceability of the flow control member relative to the port is such that at least a change in the degree of interference to fluid communication, via the port, between the subterranean formation and the passage, is effected by the displacement. 39. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member, the port, and the passage are co-operatively configured such that, while: (i) the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation, and (ii) treatment material is being flowed through the passage, the displaceability of the flow control member relative to the port is such that a change in at least the degree of restriction to fluid flow, via the one or more ports, between the subterranean formation and the passage, is effected by the displacement. 40. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member, the port, and the passage are co-operatively configured such that: while: (i) the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation, and (ii) the flow control member is disposed in a closed position, a sealed interface is defined such that fluid communication, via the port, between the subterranean formation and the passage, is sealed or substantially sealed; and while: (i) the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation, and (ii) the flow control member is disposed in an open position, the passage is disposed in fluid communication with the subterranean formation via the port. 41. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 29, further comprising:
a sensor configured for sensing a subsurface condition; wherein the sensor is coupled to the controller for transmitting a signal to the controller based on the sensing of the subsurface condition. 42. A downhole flow control apparatus comprising;
a housing; a port extending through the housing; a passage disposed within the housing for conducting material to and from the port; a flow control member displaceable relative to the port for effecting opening of the port; a flow control member actuator configured for effecting the displacement of the flow control member; and a controller configured to determine completion of a wellbore stimulation stage, and upon the determination, to operate the flow control member actuator to effect the displacement of the flow control member such that the port becomes opened. | There is provided a downhole flow control apparatus comprising: a housing; a port extending through the housing; a passage disposed within the housing for conducting material to and from the port; a flow control member displaceable relative to the port; and a flow control member actuator configured for producing a pressurized fluid for urging the displacement of the flow control member.1-26. (canceled) 27. A downhole flow control apparatus comprising;
a housing; a port extending through the housing; a passage disposed within the housing for conducting material to and from the port; a flow control member displaceable relative to the port; and a flow control member actuator configured for producing a pressurized fluid for urging the displacement of the flow control member. 28. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the pressurized fluid that is producible by the flow control member actuator is a pressurized gaseous material. 29. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27, further comprising:
a controller configured for determining a subsurface condition; wherein the flow control member actuator is coupled to the controller such that the generating of the pressurized fluid is effectible based on the determination of a subsurface condition by the controller. 30. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 29;
wherein: the pressurized fluid is producible, for urging displacement of the flow control member from the closed position to the open position based on the determination, by the controller, of a subsurface condition that is a flow control member opening condition; and the pressurized fluid is producible, for urging displacement of the flow control member from the open position to the closed position, based on the determination, by the controller, of a subsurface condition that is a flow control member closing condition. 31. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27:
wherein: the flow control member actuator includes an opening actuator and a closing actuator; the opening actuator is configured to effect generation of a pressurized fluid such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the closed position to the open position, is effected by the generated pressurized fluid; and the closing actuator is configured to effect generation of a pressurized fluid such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the closed position to the open position, is effected by the generated pressurized fluid. 32. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31;
wherein: the pressurized fluid that is producible by the opening actuator is a pressurized gaseous material; and the pressurized fluid that is producible by the closing actuator is a pressurized gaseous material. 33. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31;
wherein: the opening actuator includes a first squib; and the closing actuator includes a second squib. 34. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31, further comprising:
a first chamber and a second chamber; wherein: the opening actuator, the first chamber, and the flow control member are co-operatively configured such that, the pressurized fluid, producible by the opening actuator, is conductible to the first chamber for communication to the flow control member for such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the closed position to the open position, is effectible by urging by the pressurized fluid; and the closing actuator, the second chamber, and the flow control member are co-operatively configured such that, a pressurized fluid, producible by the closing actuator, is conductible to the second chamber for communication to the flow control member such that the displacement of the flow control member, from the open position to the closed position, is effectible by urging by the pressurized fluid. 35. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 34, further comprising:
a sealing interface; wherein fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber is sealed, or substantially sealed, by the sealing interface. 36. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 31, further comprising:
a controller configured for determining a subsurface condition, and to operate the opening actuator, upon determination of a flow control member opening condition by the controller, to effect generation of the pressurized fluid by the opening actuator; and to operate the closing actuator, upon determination of a flow control member closing condition by the controller, to effect generation of the pressurized fluid by the opening actuator. 37. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member includes a sleeve that is slideably disposed within the housing. 38. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member, the port, and the passage are co-operatively configured such that, while the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation, the displaceability of the flow control member relative to the port is such that at least a change in the degree of interference to fluid communication, via the port, between the subterranean formation and the passage, is effected by the displacement. 39. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member, the port, and the passage are co-operatively configured such that, while: (i) the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation, and (ii) treatment material is being flowed through the passage, the displaceability of the flow control member relative to the port is such that a change in at least the degree of restriction to fluid flow, via the one or more ports, between the subterranean formation and the passage, is effected by the displacement. 40. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 27;
wherein the flow control member, the port, and the passage are co-operatively configured such that: while: (i) the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation, and (ii) the flow control member is disposed in a closed position, a sealed interface is defined such that fluid communication, via the port, between the subterranean formation and the passage, is sealed or substantially sealed; and while: (i) the flow control apparatus is disposed within a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation, and (ii) the flow control member is disposed in an open position, the passage is disposed in fluid communication with the subterranean formation via the port. 41. The downhole flow control apparatus as claimed in claim 29, further comprising:
a sensor configured for sensing a subsurface condition; wherein the sensor is coupled to the controller for transmitting a signal to the controller based on the sensing of the subsurface condition. 42. A downhole flow control apparatus comprising;
a housing; a port extending through the housing; a passage disposed within the housing for conducting material to and from the port; a flow control member displaceable relative to the port for effecting opening of the port; a flow control member actuator configured for effecting the displacement of the flow control member; and a controller configured to determine completion of a wellbore stimulation stage, and upon the determination, to operate the flow control member actuator to effect the displacement of the flow control member such that the port becomes opened. | 3,600 |
343,381 | 16,802,785 | 3,674 | A portable device for detecting an analyte associated with a target organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance. The device includes a test chamber, a probe, and a sensor. The test chamber contains a liquid volume of test solution including an analytical reagent selected to react with the analyte. The test chamber is sealed by a pierceable membrane wall. The probe is removably positionable to pierce the membrane wall to deposit a sample in the test chamber to form a test mixture with the test solution. The sensor is positioned to detect one or more characteristics of the test mixture in the test chamber indicative of a reaction between the analyte and the analytical reagent. | 1.-25. (canceled) 26. A method of detecting an analyte associated with an organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance, the method comprising:
piercing a test chamber wall with a probe to deposit a sample from the probe into a liquid volume of test solution including an analytical reagent contained in the test chamber; mixing the sample with the test solution to form a test mixture in the test chamber; and sensing one or more characteristics of the test mixture in the test chamber indicative of a reaction between the analyte and the analytical reagent. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
exciting the one or more characteristics of the test mixture in the test chamber. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein:
exciting the one or more characteristics of the test mixture comprises exposing the test mixture in the test chamber to one or more of optical radiation and a magnetic field. 29. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
after said sensing, disposing of the test chamber. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising, before said piercing:
sensing the one or more characteristics of the test solution. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising, before said piercing:
exciting the one or more characteristics of the test solution. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
comparing the one or more sensed characteristics of the test mixture to the one or more sensed characteristics of the test solution to determine whether the analyte is present in the sample. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising:
if the analyte is determined to be present in the sample, then displaying on a display an indication that an organic molecule associated with the analyte is present in the sample. 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising:
if the analyte is determined to be absent from the sample, then displaying on a display an indication that an organic molecule associated with the analyte is absent from the sample. 35. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
piercing a substance with the probe to collect the sample in or on the probe. 36. The method of claim 26, wherein:
mixing the sample with the test solution comprises agitating the test solution. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein:
agitating the test solution comprises agitating the test chamber. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein:
agitating the test solution comprises reciprocating at feast a probe shaft of the probe in the test chamber. 39. The method of claim 26, wherein:
said piercing the test chamber wall with the probe, comprises a probe shaft of the probe at least partially interfering with said sensing of the one or more characteristics of the test mixture, and the method further comprises retracting the probe shaft thereby reducing interference by the probe shaft with said sensing of the one or more characteristics of the test mixture. 40. The method of claim 26, wherein:
piercing the test chamber wall comprises the test chamber wall removing samples from the probe. 41. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
inserting the test chamber into a reception cavity aligned with an excitation source and a sensor. 42. An organic molecular sensing system comprising:
a portable device for detecting an analyte associated with a target organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance; a computing device coupled to the portable device to receive sensor data relating to one or more tests of the substance, wherein the computing device is operable to analyze the sensor data to produce test results corresponding to the presence of the analyte in the substance. 43. The system of claim 42, further comprising:
a server device in communication with the computing device to receive test results, location information and/or contextual information. 44. An organic molecular sensing system comprising:
a portable device for detecting an analyte associated with a target organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance, wherein the portable device is operable to produce test results corresponding to the presence of the analyte in the substance; a computing device coupled to the portable device to receive test results corresponding to the presence of the analyte in the substance. 45. The system of claim 44, further comprising:
a server device in communication with the computing device to receive test results, location information and/or contextual information. | A portable device for detecting an analyte associated with a target organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance. The device includes a test chamber, a probe, and a sensor. The test chamber contains a liquid volume of test solution including an analytical reagent selected to react with the analyte. The test chamber is sealed by a pierceable membrane wall. The probe is removably positionable to pierce the membrane wall to deposit a sample in the test chamber to form a test mixture with the test solution. The sensor is positioned to detect one or more characteristics of the test mixture in the test chamber indicative of a reaction between the analyte and the analytical reagent.1.-25. (canceled) 26. A method of detecting an analyte associated with an organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance, the method comprising:
piercing a test chamber wall with a probe to deposit a sample from the probe into a liquid volume of test solution including an analytical reagent contained in the test chamber; mixing the sample with the test solution to form a test mixture in the test chamber; and sensing one or more characteristics of the test mixture in the test chamber indicative of a reaction between the analyte and the analytical reagent. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
exciting the one or more characteristics of the test mixture in the test chamber. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein:
exciting the one or more characteristics of the test mixture comprises exposing the test mixture in the test chamber to one or more of optical radiation and a magnetic field. 29. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
after said sensing, disposing of the test chamber. 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising, before said piercing:
sensing the one or more characteristics of the test solution. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising, before said piercing:
exciting the one or more characteristics of the test solution. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
comparing the one or more sensed characteristics of the test mixture to the one or more sensed characteristics of the test solution to determine whether the analyte is present in the sample. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising:
if the analyte is determined to be present in the sample, then displaying on a display an indication that an organic molecule associated with the analyte is present in the sample. 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising:
if the analyte is determined to be absent from the sample, then displaying on a display an indication that an organic molecule associated with the analyte is absent from the sample. 35. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
piercing a substance with the probe to collect the sample in or on the probe. 36. The method of claim 26, wherein:
mixing the sample with the test solution comprises agitating the test solution. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein:
agitating the test solution comprises agitating the test chamber. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein:
agitating the test solution comprises reciprocating at feast a probe shaft of the probe in the test chamber. 39. The method of claim 26, wherein:
said piercing the test chamber wall with the probe, comprises a probe shaft of the probe at least partially interfering with said sensing of the one or more characteristics of the test mixture, and the method further comprises retracting the probe shaft thereby reducing interference by the probe shaft with said sensing of the one or more characteristics of the test mixture. 40. The method of claim 26, wherein:
piercing the test chamber wall comprises the test chamber wall removing samples from the probe. 41. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
inserting the test chamber into a reception cavity aligned with an excitation source and a sensor. 42. An organic molecular sensing system comprising:
a portable device for detecting an analyte associated with a target organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance; a computing device coupled to the portable device to receive sensor data relating to one or more tests of the substance, wherein the computing device is operable to analyze the sensor data to produce test results corresponding to the presence of the analyte in the substance. 43. The system of claim 42, further comprising:
a server device in communication with the computing device to receive test results, location information and/or contextual information. 44. An organic molecular sensing system comprising:
a portable device for detecting an analyte associated with a target organic molecule in a liquid and/or solid substance, wherein the portable device is operable to produce test results corresponding to the presence of the analyte in the substance; a computing device coupled to the portable device to receive test results corresponding to the presence of the analyte in the substance. 45. The system of claim 44, further comprising:
a server device in communication with the computing device to receive test results, location information and/or contextual information. | 3,600 |
343,382 | 16,802,796 | 3,674 | An apparatus includes first load ports 2A and 2B and second load ports 2C and 2D provided in a left-right direction; a processing unit D2; an inspection module 4 provided between the first load ports 2A and 2B and the second load ports 2C and 2D; a first substrate transfer mechanism 5A provided at one side of the inspection module 4 in the left-right direction, and configured to transfer a substrate W into the processing unit D2 and a transfer container C on the first load ports 2A and 2B; a second substrate transfer mechanism 5B provided at the other side thereof, and configured to transfer the substrate W into the inspection module 4 and a transfer container C on the second load ports 2C and 2D; and a transit unit 51 for transferring the substrate W between the first and the second substrate transfer mechanisms 5A and 5B. | 1. A substrate processing apparatus, comprising:
a first load port and a second load respectively configured to place thereon a transfer container accommodating a substrate therein; a processing unit configured to perform a processing on the substrate; an inspection module provided between the first load port and the second load port in a left-right direction, and configured to inspect the substrate before or after the processing by the processing unit is performed; a first substrate transfer mechanism provided at a first side of the inspection module in the left-right direction, and configured to transfer the substrate into the transfer container placed on the first load port; and a second substrate transfer mechanism provided at a second side of the inspection module opposite to the first side in the left-right direction, and configured to transfer the substrate into the transfer container placed on the second load port. 2. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the first load port, the second load port and the inspection module are arranged in a row in the left-right direction. 3. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1,
wherein at least one of the first load port and the second load port is composed of multiple load ports, and the multiple load ports include an upper load port and a lower load port which are arranged vertically. 4. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the upper load port is equipped with a rotating door configured to open/close a transfer opening for the substrate by being rotated around a rotation axis which corresponds to a forward-backward direction. 5. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a control unit configured to output a control signal such that one of the first substrate transfer mechanism and the second substrate transfer mechanism performs, between a receipt of the substrate from the transfer container and a transfer of the substrate into the transfer container, only the receipt of the substrate from the transfer container, and such that the other of the first substrate transfer mechanism and the second substrate transfer mechanism performs, between the receipt of the substrate from the transfer container and the transfer of the substrate into the transfer container, only the transfer of the substrate into the transfer container. 6. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a standby unit in which the substrate stands by before being carried into the inspection module, and wherein the first and second transfer mechanism are configured to receive and transfer the substrate. 7. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6,
wherein a first housing is provided to accommodate therein the first substrate transfer mechanism, the second substrate transfer mechanism and the standby unit, the first housing is provided with a sidewall at which a transfer opening for the substrate constituting the first load port and a transfer opening for the substrate constituting the second load port are opened, and the first housing is provided separately from the processing unit. 8. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 7,
wherein the inspection module is equipped with a second housing accommodating therein the substrate to inspect the substrate, and the second housing is detachably fitted from an outside of the first housing into an opening provided at the sidewall of the first housing. 9. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6,
wherein the inspection module comprises a placing unit configured to place thereon the substrate transferred by the second substrate transfer mechanism, and the standby unit and the placing unit are vertically arranged to be overlapped with each other. 10. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the inspection module is plural in number, and the inspection modules are respectively arranged at a left side and a right side of the first load port or the second load port. 11. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a placing unit for the transfer container provided under the first load port and the second load port, and configured to allow the transfer container to stand by thereon; and a transfer mechanism for the transfer container configured to transfer the transfer container between the first load port or the second load port and the placing unit for the transfer container. 12. A substrate processing method, comprising:
placing a transfer container accommodating a substrate therein on each of a first load port and a second load port; performing a processing on the substrate by a processing unit; inspecting, before or after the processing by the processing unit is performed, the substrate by an inspection module provided between the first load port and the second load port in a left-right direction; transferring the substrate into the transfer container placed on the first load port by a first substrate transfer mechanism provided at a first side of the inspection module in the left-right direction; transferring the substrate into the transfer container placed on the second load port by a second substrate transfer mechanism provided at a second side of the inspection module opposite to the first side in the left-right direction. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, cause a substrate processing apparatus to perform a substrate processing method as claimed in claim 12. | An apparatus includes first load ports 2A and 2B and second load ports 2C and 2D provided in a left-right direction; a processing unit D2; an inspection module 4 provided between the first load ports 2A and 2B and the second load ports 2C and 2D; a first substrate transfer mechanism 5A provided at one side of the inspection module 4 in the left-right direction, and configured to transfer a substrate W into the processing unit D2 and a transfer container C on the first load ports 2A and 2B; a second substrate transfer mechanism 5B provided at the other side thereof, and configured to transfer the substrate W into the inspection module 4 and a transfer container C on the second load ports 2C and 2D; and a transit unit 51 for transferring the substrate W between the first and the second substrate transfer mechanisms 5A and 5B.1. A substrate processing apparatus, comprising:
a first load port and a second load respectively configured to place thereon a transfer container accommodating a substrate therein; a processing unit configured to perform a processing on the substrate; an inspection module provided between the first load port and the second load port in a left-right direction, and configured to inspect the substrate before or after the processing by the processing unit is performed; a first substrate transfer mechanism provided at a first side of the inspection module in the left-right direction, and configured to transfer the substrate into the transfer container placed on the first load port; and a second substrate transfer mechanism provided at a second side of the inspection module opposite to the first side in the left-right direction, and configured to transfer the substrate into the transfer container placed on the second load port. 2. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the first load port, the second load port and the inspection module are arranged in a row in the left-right direction. 3. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1,
wherein at least one of the first load port and the second load port is composed of multiple load ports, and the multiple load ports include an upper load port and a lower load port which are arranged vertically. 4. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the upper load port is equipped with a rotating door configured to open/close a transfer opening for the substrate by being rotated around a rotation axis which corresponds to a forward-backward direction. 5. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a control unit configured to output a control signal such that one of the first substrate transfer mechanism and the second substrate transfer mechanism performs, between a receipt of the substrate from the transfer container and a transfer of the substrate into the transfer container, only the receipt of the substrate from the transfer container, and such that the other of the first substrate transfer mechanism and the second substrate transfer mechanism performs, between the receipt of the substrate from the transfer container and the transfer of the substrate into the transfer container, only the transfer of the substrate into the transfer container. 6. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a standby unit in which the substrate stands by before being carried into the inspection module, and wherein the first and second transfer mechanism are configured to receive and transfer the substrate. 7. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6,
wherein a first housing is provided to accommodate therein the first substrate transfer mechanism, the second substrate transfer mechanism and the standby unit, the first housing is provided with a sidewall at which a transfer opening for the substrate constituting the first load port and a transfer opening for the substrate constituting the second load port are opened, and the first housing is provided separately from the processing unit. 8. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 7,
wherein the inspection module is equipped with a second housing accommodating therein the substrate to inspect the substrate, and the second housing is detachably fitted from an outside of the first housing into an opening provided at the sidewall of the first housing. 9. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6,
wherein the inspection module comprises a placing unit configured to place thereon the substrate transferred by the second substrate transfer mechanism, and the standby unit and the placing unit are vertically arranged to be overlapped with each other. 10. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the inspection module is plural in number, and the inspection modules are respectively arranged at a left side and a right side of the first load port or the second load port. 11. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a placing unit for the transfer container provided under the first load port and the second load port, and configured to allow the transfer container to stand by thereon; and a transfer mechanism for the transfer container configured to transfer the transfer container between the first load port or the second load port and the placing unit for the transfer container. 12. A substrate processing method, comprising:
placing a transfer container accommodating a substrate therein on each of a first load port and a second load port; performing a processing on the substrate by a processing unit; inspecting, before or after the processing by the processing unit is performed, the substrate by an inspection module provided between the first load port and the second load port in a left-right direction; transferring the substrate into the transfer container placed on the first load port by a first substrate transfer mechanism provided at a first side of the inspection module in the left-right direction; transferring the substrate into the transfer container placed on the second load port by a second substrate transfer mechanism provided at a second side of the inspection module opposite to the first side in the left-right direction. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, cause a substrate processing apparatus to perform a substrate processing method as claimed in claim 12. | 3,600 |
343,383 | 16,802,790 | 3,674 | An image display device according to the present disclosure includes a first self-light-emitting display element that emits light for an image of red light, a second self-light-emitting display element that emits light for an image of blue light, a third self-light-emitting display element that emits light for an image of green light, and a prism having a dichroic mirror that synthesizes images of three colors, in which the first self-light-emitting display element, the second self-light-emitting display element, and the third self-light-emitting display element have a first cathode, a second cathode, and a third cathode, respectively, and when a film thickness of the first cathode is referred to as TR, a film thickness of the second cathode is referred to as TB, and a film thickness of the third cathode is referred to as TG, a relationship TR<TG is satisfied. | 1. An image display device, comprising:
a first self-light-emitting display element configured to self-emit light for an image of red light having a peak in a red region; a second self-light-emitting display element configured to self-emit light for an image of blue light having a peak in a blue region; a third self-light-emitting display element configured to self-emit light for an image of green light having a peak in a green region; and a prism having a dichroic mirror configured to synthesize three colors that are the red light emitted from the first self-light-emitting display element, the blue light emitted from the second self-light-emitting display element, and the green light emitted from the third self-light-emitting display element, wherein the first self-light-emitting display element, the second self-light-emitting display element, and the third self-light-emitting display element include a first cathode, a second cathode, and a third cathode, respectively, and TR<TG where a film thickness of the first cathode is TR, a film thickness of the second cathode is TB, and a film thickness of the third cathode is TG. 2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second cathode and a thickness of the third satisfy TB≤TG. 3. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first cathode, the second cathode, and the third cathode has a film thickness from 10 nm to 40 nm. 4. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first cathode, the second cathode, and the third cathode is mainly composed of an MgAg alloy. 5. The image display device according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of Mg and Ag (Mg:Ag) in the MgAg alloy is from 1:7 to 1:13. 6. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first cathode and a thickness of the second cathode satisfy TR TB. 7. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the third cathode has a film thickness from 25 nm to 40 nm. 8. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a BT.2020 coverage achieved by the red light, the blue light, and the green light is not less than 87.0%. 9. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first self-light-emitting display element, the second self-light-emitting display element, and the third self-light-emitting display element is an organic electroluminescence element. 10. A virtual image display device, comprising the image display device according to claim 1. | An image display device according to the present disclosure includes a first self-light-emitting display element that emits light for an image of red light, a second self-light-emitting display element that emits light for an image of blue light, a third self-light-emitting display element that emits light for an image of green light, and a prism having a dichroic mirror that synthesizes images of three colors, in which the first self-light-emitting display element, the second self-light-emitting display element, and the third self-light-emitting display element have a first cathode, a second cathode, and a third cathode, respectively, and when a film thickness of the first cathode is referred to as TR, a film thickness of the second cathode is referred to as TB, and a film thickness of the third cathode is referred to as TG, a relationship TR<TG is satisfied.1. An image display device, comprising:
a first self-light-emitting display element configured to self-emit light for an image of red light having a peak in a red region; a second self-light-emitting display element configured to self-emit light for an image of blue light having a peak in a blue region; a third self-light-emitting display element configured to self-emit light for an image of green light having a peak in a green region; and a prism having a dichroic mirror configured to synthesize three colors that are the red light emitted from the first self-light-emitting display element, the blue light emitted from the second self-light-emitting display element, and the green light emitted from the third self-light-emitting display element, wherein the first self-light-emitting display element, the second self-light-emitting display element, and the third self-light-emitting display element include a first cathode, a second cathode, and a third cathode, respectively, and TR<TG where a film thickness of the first cathode is TR, a film thickness of the second cathode is TB, and a film thickness of the third cathode is TG. 2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second cathode and a thickness of the third satisfy TB≤TG. 3. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first cathode, the second cathode, and the third cathode has a film thickness from 10 nm to 40 nm. 4. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first cathode, the second cathode, and the third cathode is mainly composed of an MgAg alloy. 5. The image display device according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of Mg and Ag (Mg:Ag) in the MgAg alloy is from 1:7 to 1:13. 6. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first cathode and a thickness of the second cathode satisfy TR TB. 7. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the third cathode has a film thickness from 25 nm to 40 nm. 8. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein a BT.2020 coverage achieved by the red light, the blue light, and the green light is not less than 87.0%. 9. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first self-light-emitting display element, the second self-light-emitting display element, and the third self-light-emitting display element is an organic electroluminescence element. 10. A virtual image display device, comprising the image display device according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
343,384 | 16,802,806 | 2,899 | An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes: a substrate, a first light-emitting element, and a second light-emitting element. The first light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a first color light under a first current density when the substrate provides a first current to the first light-emitting element. The second light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a second color light under a second current density when the substrate provides a second current to the second light-emitting element. The first current is equal to the second current, and the first current density is different from the second current density. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a substrate; a first light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a first color light under a first current density when the substrate provides a first current to the first light-emitting element; and a second light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a second color light under a second current density when the substrate provides a second current to the second light-emitting element, wherein the first current is equal to the second current, and the first current density is different from the second current density. 2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first light-emitting element comprises a first ohmic contact electrode, and the first current density is defined by a ratio of the first current and an area of the first ohmic contact electrode. 3. The electronic device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second light-emitting element comprises a second ohmic contact electrode, and the second current density is defined by a ratio of the second current and an area of the second ohmic contact electrode. 4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the area of the first ohmic contact electrode is different from the area of the second ohmic contact electrode. 5. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first color light is a blue light, the second color light is a green light or a red light, and the first current density is less than the second current density. 6. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a third color light under a third current density when the substrate provides a third current to the third light-emitting element, wherein the third current is equal to the first current, and the third current density is different from the first current density and the second current density. 7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the third light-emitting element comprises a third ohmic contact electrode, and the third current density is defined by a ratio of the third current and an area of the third ohmic contact electrode. 8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the area of the first ohmic contact electrode is different from the area of the third ohmic contact electrode. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
a substrate; a first light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a first color light, wherein the first light-emitting element comprises a first semiconductor layer and a first ohmic contact electrode in contact with the first semiconductor layer; and a second light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a second color light, wherein the second light-emitting element comprises a second semiconductor layer and a second ohmic contact electrode in contact with the second semiconductor layer, wherein a first ratio of an area of the first ohmic contact electrode and an area of the first semiconductor layer is different from a second ratio of an area of the second ohmic contact electrode and an area of the second semiconductor layer. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the area of the first semiconductor layer is the same as the area of the second semiconductor layer. 11. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are semiconductor layers of the same type. 12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the area of the first semiconductor layer is the same as the area of the second semiconductor layer. 13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second light-emitting element further comprises a color conversion layer located on the second semiconductor layer. 14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first color light is a blue light, the second color light is a green light or a red light, and the first ratio is higher than the second ratio. 15. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first light-emitting element further comprises a bonding pad electrically connected to the first ohmic contact electrode and the substrate. 16. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a third light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a third color light, wherein the third light-emitting element comprises a third semiconductor layer and a third ohmic contact electrode in contact with the third semiconductor layer, and a third ratio of an area of the third ohmic contact electrode and an area of the third semiconductor layer is different from the first ratio and the second ratio. 17. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the area of the first semiconductor layer is the same as the area of the third semiconductor layer. 18. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer are semiconductor layers of the same type. 19. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first color light is a blue light, the third color light is a green light or a red light, and the first ratio is greater than the third ratio. 20. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first ohmic contact electrode or the second ohmic contact electrode is divided into a plurality of separate | An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes: a substrate, a first light-emitting element, and a second light-emitting element. The first light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a first color light under a first current density when the substrate provides a first current to the first light-emitting element. The second light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a second color light under a second current density when the substrate provides a second current to the second light-emitting element. The first current is equal to the second current, and the first current density is different from the second current density.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a substrate; a first light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a first color light under a first current density when the substrate provides a first current to the first light-emitting element; and a second light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a second color light under a second current density when the substrate provides a second current to the second light-emitting element, wherein the first current is equal to the second current, and the first current density is different from the second current density. 2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first light-emitting element comprises a first ohmic contact electrode, and the first current density is defined by a ratio of the first current and an area of the first ohmic contact electrode. 3. The electronic device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second light-emitting element comprises a second ohmic contact electrode, and the second current density is defined by a ratio of the second current and an area of the second ohmic contact electrode. 4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the area of the first ohmic contact electrode is different from the area of the second ohmic contact electrode. 5. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first color light is a blue light, the second color light is a green light or a red light, and the first current density is less than the second current density. 6. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a third color light under a third current density when the substrate provides a third current to the third light-emitting element, wherein the third current is equal to the first current, and the third current density is different from the first current density and the second current density. 7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the third light-emitting element comprises a third ohmic contact electrode, and the third current density is defined by a ratio of the third current and an area of the third ohmic contact electrode. 8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the area of the first ohmic contact electrode is different from the area of the third ohmic contact electrode. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
a substrate; a first light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a first color light, wherein the first light-emitting element comprises a first semiconductor layer and a first ohmic contact electrode in contact with the first semiconductor layer; and a second light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a second color light, wherein the second light-emitting element comprises a second semiconductor layer and a second ohmic contact electrode in contact with the second semiconductor layer, wherein a first ratio of an area of the first ohmic contact electrode and an area of the first semiconductor layer is different from a second ratio of an area of the second ohmic contact electrode and an area of the second semiconductor layer. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the area of the first semiconductor layer is the same as the area of the second semiconductor layer. 11. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are semiconductor layers of the same type. 12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the area of the first semiconductor layer is the same as the area of the second semiconductor layer. 13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second light-emitting element further comprises a color conversion layer located on the second semiconductor layer. 14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first color light is a blue light, the second color light is a green light or a red light, and the first ratio is higher than the second ratio. 15. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first light-emitting element further comprises a bonding pad electrically connected to the first ohmic contact electrode and the substrate. 16. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a third light-emitting element disposed on the substrate and configured to emit a third color light, wherein the third light-emitting element comprises a third semiconductor layer and a third ohmic contact electrode in contact with the third semiconductor layer, and a third ratio of an area of the third ohmic contact electrode and an area of the third semiconductor layer is different from the first ratio and the second ratio. 17. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the area of the first semiconductor layer is the same as the area of the third semiconductor layer. 18. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer are semiconductor layers of the same type. 19. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first color light is a blue light, the third color light is a green light or a red light, and the first ratio is greater than the third ratio. 20. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first ohmic contact electrode or the second ohmic contact electrode is divided into a plurality of separate | 2,800 |
343,385 | 16,802,816 | 3,619 | A secure passageway is described where a subject is required to pass through two or more chambers in order to travel between two areas, typically where one area is secure and the other is not. For a passageway including first and second chambers, three electronically controlled doorways are included: one between the two chambers; one between a first chamber and a first area; and one between the second chamber and a second area. Sensors are included to determine how many subjects have entered a chamber. Sensors are also included to determine if a subject represents a threat. Subjects determined to represent a threat may be detained or encouraged to reverse direction and exit the passageway through the door where they entered. When a subject is determined to represent a threat, an alarm is optionally sounded. | 1. A multi-chamber passageway including a system of electronically-controllable doorways for providing secure passage for a subject between first and second areas, the system comprising:
a first and a second chamber arranged adjacent one another, wherein a subject passes through said chambers sequentially, including passing through at least three electronically-controlled doorways, in order to travel between the first and second areas; a first electronically-controlled doorway, located and connecting between the first area and the first chamber; a second electronically-controlled doorway located and connecting between the first chamber and the second chamber, such that a subject passing between the two chambers in either direction passes through the second electronically-controlled doorway; and a third electronically-controlled doorway, located and connecting between the second area and the second chamber. 2. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein one of the two areas is secure and the other of the two areas is not secure. 3. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein the passageway between the two areas comprises three chambers that a subject traverses sequentially in order to travel from one of the two areas to the other of the two areas, and wherein in passing through the three chambers, the subject passes through four electronically-controlled doorways. 4. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein at any point in time the passageway is controlled to be unidirectional unless a subject determined to be a threat is required to reverse direction and exit through an electronically-controlled doorway where that subject entered the passageway. 5. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein sensors are included to determine if more than one subject has entered one of the chambers, and if more than one subject is determined to have entered one of the chambers, and one of those subjects is not determined to be assisting another of those subjects, then those subjects are required to exit the passageway. 6. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein sensors are included to determine if a subject who has entered a chamber represents a threat, and if so determined the subject is not allowed to proceed through an electronically controlled door into another chamber. 7. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 6 wherein the subject who has entered the chamber and is determined to be a threat is allowed to exit the passageway in a reverse direction. 8. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 6 wherein when the subject who has entered the chamber is determined to be a threat, an alarm is sounded. 9. An electronically-controllable passageway for providing secure passage for a subject between a first area and a second area, comprising:
two or more chambers sequentially adjacent one another, and connected together in series by electronically controlled doorways; two electronically controlled doorways, each at opposite ends of the passageway for exiting and entering the passageway; wherein actions during unidirectional operation of the passageway when the passageway comprises two chambers and three electronically controlled doorways comprise a sequence of:
a first electronically-controlled doorway is caused to open;
a first subject is allowed to enter a first chamber through the first doorway;
the first electronically-controlled doorway closes, and a second electronically-controlled doorway connecting the first chamber to the second chamber opens;
the first subject is allowed to move from the first chamber to the second chamber through the second electronically-controlled doorway;
the second electronically-controlled doorway closes;
a third electronically-controlled doorway opens, allowing the subject to exit the second chamber; and
after the subject has exited the second chamber, the third electronically-controlled doorway closes. 10. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 9, wherein one of the first and second areas is secure and the other of the first and second areas is not secure. 11. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 9 wherein the passageway includes sensors for determining that more than one subject has entered a chamber of the passageway, and as a result those subjects are required to exit the passageway. 12. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 11 wherein if two subjects enter the first chamber of the passageway, but it is determined that a first of the two subjects is assisting a second of the two subjects, then both subjects are allowed to proceed through to the second chamber. 13. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 9 wherein sensors are included to determine if a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, and if so determined the subject is not allowed to proceed through an electronically controlled door into another chamber. 14. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 13 wherein when a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, they are allowed to exit the passageway in a reverse direction. 15. A multi-chamber passageway including a system of electronically-controllable doorways for providing secure passage for a subject between first and second areas, the system comprising:
a plurality of N chambers arranged in series; a plurality of N+1 electronically-controlled doorways, wherein a first of the N+1 electronically-controllable doorways connects the first area to a first chamber in the series of chambers, and wherein a last of the N+1 electronically-controllable doorways connects a last chamber in the series to the second area; wherein each of N−1 electronically-controllable doorways connects between two of the chambers in the series of chambers; and wherein the subject passes through all N chambers sequentially, including passing through N+1 electronically-controlled doorways, in order to travel between the first and second areas. 16. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 15, wherein one of the first and second areas is secure and the other of the first and second areas is not secure. 17. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 15 wherein the passageway includes sensors for determining that more than one subject has entered a chamber of the passageway, and as a result those subjects are required to exit the passageway. 18. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 17 wherein if two subjects enter the first chamber of the passageway, but it is determined that a first of the two subjects is assisting a second of the two subjects, then both subjects are allowed to proceed through to the second chamber. 19. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 15 wherein sensors are included to determine if a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, and if so determined the subject is not allowed to proceed through an electronically controlled door into another chamber. 20. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 19 wherein when a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, they are allowed to exit the passageway in a reverse direction. | A secure passageway is described where a subject is required to pass through two or more chambers in order to travel between two areas, typically where one area is secure and the other is not. For a passageway including first and second chambers, three electronically controlled doorways are included: one between the two chambers; one between a first chamber and a first area; and one between the second chamber and a second area. Sensors are included to determine how many subjects have entered a chamber. Sensors are also included to determine if a subject represents a threat. Subjects determined to represent a threat may be detained or encouraged to reverse direction and exit the passageway through the door where they entered. When a subject is determined to represent a threat, an alarm is optionally sounded.1. A multi-chamber passageway including a system of electronically-controllable doorways for providing secure passage for a subject between first and second areas, the system comprising:
a first and a second chamber arranged adjacent one another, wherein a subject passes through said chambers sequentially, including passing through at least three electronically-controlled doorways, in order to travel between the first and second areas; a first electronically-controlled doorway, located and connecting between the first area and the first chamber; a second electronically-controlled doorway located and connecting between the first chamber and the second chamber, such that a subject passing between the two chambers in either direction passes through the second electronically-controlled doorway; and a third electronically-controlled doorway, located and connecting between the second area and the second chamber. 2. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein one of the two areas is secure and the other of the two areas is not secure. 3. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein the passageway between the two areas comprises three chambers that a subject traverses sequentially in order to travel from one of the two areas to the other of the two areas, and wherein in passing through the three chambers, the subject passes through four electronically-controlled doorways. 4. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein at any point in time the passageway is controlled to be unidirectional unless a subject determined to be a threat is required to reverse direction and exit through an electronically-controlled doorway where that subject entered the passageway. 5. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein sensors are included to determine if more than one subject has entered one of the chambers, and if more than one subject is determined to have entered one of the chambers, and one of those subjects is not determined to be assisting another of those subjects, then those subjects are required to exit the passageway. 6. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 1 wherein sensors are included to determine if a subject who has entered a chamber represents a threat, and if so determined the subject is not allowed to proceed through an electronically controlled door into another chamber. 7. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 6 wherein the subject who has entered the chamber and is determined to be a threat is allowed to exit the passageway in a reverse direction. 8. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 6 wherein when the subject who has entered the chamber is determined to be a threat, an alarm is sounded. 9. An electronically-controllable passageway for providing secure passage for a subject between a first area and a second area, comprising:
two or more chambers sequentially adjacent one another, and connected together in series by electronically controlled doorways; two electronically controlled doorways, each at opposite ends of the passageway for exiting and entering the passageway; wherein actions during unidirectional operation of the passageway when the passageway comprises two chambers and three electronically controlled doorways comprise a sequence of:
a first electronically-controlled doorway is caused to open;
a first subject is allowed to enter a first chamber through the first doorway;
the first electronically-controlled doorway closes, and a second electronically-controlled doorway connecting the first chamber to the second chamber opens;
the first subject is allowed to move from the first chamber to the second chamber through the second electronically-controlled doorway;
the second electronically-controlled doorway closes;
a third electronically-controlled doorway opens, allowing the subject to exit the second chamber; and
after the subject has exited the second chamber, the third electronically-controlled doorway closes. 10. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 9, wherein one of the first and second areas is secure and the other of the first and second areas is not secure. 11. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 9 wherein the passageway includes sensors for determining that more than one subject has entered a chamber of the passageway, and as a result those subjects are required to exit the passageway. 12. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 11 wherein if two subjects enter the first chamber of the passageway, but it is determined that a first of the two subjects is assisting a second of the two subjects, then both subjects are allowed to proceed through to the second chamber. 13. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 9 wherein sensors are included to determine if a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, and if so determined the subject is not allowed to proceed through an electronically controlled door into another chamber. 14. The electronically-controllable passageway of claim 13 wherein when a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, they are allowed to exit the passageway in a reverse direction. 15. A multi-chamber passageway including a system of electronically-controllable doorways for providing secure passage for a subject between first and second areas, the system comprising:
a plurality of N chambers arranged in series; a plurality of N+1 electronically-controlled doorways, wherein a first of the N+1 electronically-controllable doorways connects the first area to a first chamber in the series of chambers, and wherein a last of the N+1 electronically-controllable doorways connects a last chamber in the series to the second area; wherein each of N−1 electronically-controllable doorways connects between two of the chambers in the series of chambers; and wherein the subject passes through all N chambers sequentially, including passing through N+1 electronically-controlled doorways, in order to travel between the first and second areas. 16. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 15, wherein one of the first and second areas is secure and the other of the first and second areas is not secure. 17. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 15 wherein the passageway includes sensors for determining that more than one subject has entered a chamber of the passageway, and as a result those subjects are required to exit the passageway. 18. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 17 wherein if two subjects enter the first chamber of the passageway, but it is determined that a first of the two subjects is assisting a second of the two subjects, then both subjects are allowed to proceed through to the second chamber. 19. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 15 wherein sensors are included to determine if a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, and if so determined the subject is not allowed to proceed through an electronically controlled door into another chamber. 20. The multi-chamber passageway of claim 19 wherein when a subject who has entered a chamber is determined to be a threat, they are allowed to exit the passageway in a reverse direction. | 3,600 |
343,386 | 16,802,793 | 3,619 | The invention relates to a restraint system for a vehicle seat, comprising a webbing belt element for restraining an occupant of the vehicle seat, further comprising a guide belt element which is guided continuously on a guideway, the holding element being securely connected to a first section of the guide belt element, wherein the webbing belt element is passed through a cutout of the holding element, wherein by means of a movement of the self-contained guide belt element on the guideway in a first direction of rotation the holding element is continuously adjustable within an adjustment section of the guideway from a second maximum position to a first maximum position. | 1. A restraint system for a vehicle seat, comprising a webbing belt element for restraining an occupant of the vehicle seat, further comprising a guide belt element which is guided continuously on a guideway, the holding element being positionally secure connected to a first section of the guide belt element, wherein the webbing belt element is guided passing through a cutout in the holding element,
wherein by means of a movement of the self-contained guide belt element on the guideway in a first direction of rotation, the holding element is continuously adjustable within an adjustment section of the guideway from a second maximum position to a first maximum position. 2. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the guideway forms a friction section arranged separately from the adjustment section, wherein in the friction section a braking unit for the guide belt element is arranged which comprises a friction wheel unit arranged on a first side of the guide belt element and a brake shoe unit which is arranged on a second side of the guide belt element and which can interact with the friction wheel unit. 3. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the friction wheel unit comprises a friction wheel element, the outer surface of which forms a friction surface with respect to the guide belt element, wherein a rotational movement of the friction wheel element around a central axis of the friction wheel element is acted upon by a force in a first direction and forms a freewheel in a second direction. 4. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the brake shoe unit comprises a brake shoe element which forms a cutout designed to be complementary to a section of the outer surface of the friction wheel element. 5. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the webbing belt element is guided passing through a cutout in the first section of the guide belt element, and/or that the cutout of the guide belt element and the cutout of the holding element are arranged to overlap one another. 6. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein a longitudinal extension of the cutout of the guide belt element and/or a longitudinal extension of the cutout of the holding element are arranged at an acute angle relative to the first direction of rotation, and/or that an extent of the holding element in a direction parallel to the first direction of rotation is greater on a first side than on a second side. 7. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein two exterior surfaces of the holding element each have an elevation, each of which is guided in a complementary groove of a frame element surrounding the holding element. 8. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein a first tensioning roller for the guide belt element is arranged in a first tensioning section of the guideway between the adjustment section and the friction section, and a second tensioning roller for the guide belt element is arranged in a second tensioning section of the guideway between the adjustment section and the friction section, the first tensioning section and the second tensioning section being arranged opposite one another. | The invention relates to a restraint system for a vehicle seat, comprising a webbing belt element for restraining an occupant of the vehicle seat, further comprising a guide belt element which is guided continuously on a guideway, the holding element being securely connected to a first section of the guide belt element, wherein the webbing belt element is passed through a cutout of the holding element, wherein by means of a movement of the self-contained guide belt element on the guideway in a first direction of rotation the holding element is continuously adjustable within an adjustment section of the guideway from a second maximum position to a first maximum position.1. A restraint system for a vehicle seat, comprising a webbing belt element for restraining an occupant of the vehicle seat, further comprising a guide belt element which is guided continuously on a guideway, the holding element being positionally secure connected to a first section of the guide belt element, wherein the webbing belt element is guided passing through a cutout in the holding element,
wherein by means of a movement of the self-contained guide belt element on the guideway in a first direction of rotation, the holding element is continuously adjustable within an adjustment section of the guideway from a second maximum position to a first maximum position. 2. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the guideway forms a friction section arranged separately from the adjustment section, wherein in the friction section a braking unit for the guide belt element is arranged which comprises a friction wheel unit arranged on a first side of the guide belt element and a brake shoe unit which is arranged on a second side of the guide belt element and which can interact with the friction wheel unit. 3. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the friction wheel unit comprises a friction wheel element, the outer surface of which forms a friction surface with respect to the guide belt element, wherein a rotational movement of the friction wheel element around a central axis of the friction wheel element is acted upon by a force in a first direction and forms a freewheel in a second direction. 4. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the brake shoe unit comprises a brake shoe element which forms a cutout designed to be complementary to a section of the outer surface of the friction wheel element. 5. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein the webbing belt element is guided passing through a cutout in the first section of the guide belt element, and/or that the cutout of the guide belt element and the cutout of the holding element are arranged to overlap one another. 6. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein a longitudinal extension of the cutout of the guide belt element and/or a longitudinal extension of the cutout of the holding element are arranged at an acute angle relative to the first direction of rotation, and/or that an extent of the holding element in a direction parallel to the first direction of rotation is greater on a first side than on a second side. 7. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein two exterior surfaces of the holding element each have an elevation, each of which is guided in a complementary groove of a frame element surrounding the holding element. 8. The restraint system according to claim 1, wherein a first tensioning roller for the guide belt element is arranged in a first tensioning section of the guideway between the adjustment section and the friction section, and a second tensioning roller for the guide belt element is arranged in a second tensioning section of the guideway between the adjustment section and the friction section, the first tensioning section and the second tensioning section being arranged opposite one another. | 3,600 |
343,387 | 16,802,768 | 3,619 | The magnetic recording medium includes: a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including ferromagnetic powder, in which a difference (S0.5−S13.5) between a spacing S0.5 measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 0.5 atm and a spacing S13.5 measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 13.5 atm is 9.0 nm or more. | 1. A magnetic recording medium comprising:
a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including ferromagnetic powder, wherein a difference S0.5−S13.5 between a spacing S0.5 measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 0.5 atm and a spacing S13.5 measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 13.5 atm is 9.0 nm or more. 2. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the difference is 9.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 3. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the difference is 10.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 4. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic layer includes an organic resin particle. 5. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic layer includes a compound which contains an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms. 6. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 5,
wherein the compound is an organic amine compound. 7. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 5,
wherein the compound is an organic phosphorus compound. 8. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic layer includes one or more lubricants selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, and a fatty acid amide. 9. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, further comprising:
a non-magnetic layer including non-magnetic powder between the non-magnetic support and the magnetic layer. 10. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, further comprising:
a back coating layer including non-magnetic powder on a surface side of the non-magnetic support opposite to a surface side provided with the magnetic layer. 11. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, which is a magnetic tape. 12. A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprising:
the magnetic recording medium according to claim 1; and a magnetic head. 13. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the difference is 9.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 14. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the difference is 10.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 15. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the magnetic layer includes an organic resin particle. 16. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the magnetic layer includes a compound which contains an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms. 17. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the compound is an organic amine compound. 18. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the compound is an organic phosphorus compound. 19. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the magnetic layer includes one or more lubricants selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, and a fatty acid amide. | The magnetic recording medium includes: a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including ferromagnetic powder, in which a difference (S0.5−S13.5) between a spacing S0.5 measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 0.5 atm and a spacing S13.5 measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 13.5 atm is 9.0 nm or more.1. A magnetic recording medium comprising:
a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including ferromagnetic powder, wherein a difference S0.5−S13.5 between a spacing S0.5 measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 0.5 atm and a spacing S13.5 measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by optical interferometry after n-hexane cleaning under a pressure of 13.5 atm is 9.0 nm or more. 2. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the difference is 9.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 3. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the difference is 10.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 4. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic layer includes an organic resin particle. 5. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic layer includes a compound which contains an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms. 6. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 5,
wherein the compound is an organic amine compound. 7. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 5,
wherein the compound is an organic phosphorus compound. 8. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic layer includes one or more lubricants selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, and a fatty acid amide. 9. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, further comprising:
a non-magnetic layer including non-magnetic powder between the non-magnetic support and the magnetic layer. 10. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, further comprising:
a back coating layer including non-magnetic powder on a surface side of the non-magnetic support opposite to a surface side provided with the magnetic layer. 11. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1, which is a magnetic tape. 12. A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprising:
the magnetic recording medium according to claim 1; and a magnetic head. 13. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the difference is 9.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 14. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the difference is 10.0 nm or more and 30.0 nm or less. 15. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the magnetic layer includes an organic resin particle. 16. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the magnetic layer includes a compound which contains an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms. 17. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the compound is an organic amine compound. 18. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the compound is an organic phosphorus compound. 19. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the magnetic layer includes one or more lubricants selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, and a fatty acid amide. | 3,600 |
343,388 | 16,802,800 | 3,641 | A laser bore sight with arbor system is disclosed which includes a bore sight with a housing, a laser and an activation switch. The system also includes a plurality of arbors, each arbor having a sleeve with an interior channel configured to be received the bore sight. Each arbor is configured to fit within the bore and/or breach of a firearm. The exterior configuration of each arbor is different and specifically configured to fit a specific caliber of firearm. The sleeve has a rear end to which is coupled an end cap having and opening through which the bore sight activation switch extends. | 1. A bore sight with arbor system comprising:
a bore sight having an exterior housing with a select exterior surface configuration, and a laser mounted within said exterior housing, said laser having an activation switch, and a first arbor having a first tubular housing having a first internal channel with a first front opening and a first rear opening, said first internal channel being configured to conform with said select exterior surface configuration of said bore sight exterior housing, said first arbor also having a first end cap releaseably coupled to said first tubular housing, said first end cap having a first end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said first end cap channel, but prevent the passage of said bore sight through said first end cap channel. 2. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 wherein said first end cap channel has an inwardly extending first rim configured to abut said bore sight to prevent said bore sight from passing through said first end cap channel. 3. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 wherein said first tubular housing first rear opening includes first internal threads, and wherein said first end cap includes a first stem portion having first external threads configured to be mesh with said first internal threads. 4. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 wherein said activation switch extends through said first end cap channel. 5. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 further comprising a second arbor having a second tubular housing having a second internal channel with a second front opening and a second rear opening, said second internal channel being configured to conform with said select exterior surface configuration of said bore sight exterior housing, said second arbor also having a second end cap releaseably coupled to said second tubular housing, said second end cap having a second end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said second end cap channel but prevent the passage of said bore sight through said second end cap channel,
said first arbor having a first exterior surface of a first select ammunition shape, said second arbor having a second exterior surface of a second select ammunition shape which is different from said first exterior surface. 6. A bore sight with arbor system comprising:
a bore sight having an exterior housing, a laser mounted within said exterior housing, and a laser activation switch having an activation button, and a first arbor having a first sleeve with a first internal channel configured to conform with said bore sight, said first internal channel having a first front opening and a first rear opening, said first arbor also having a first end cap releaseably coupled to said first sleeve to confine said bore sight within said first internal channel, said first end cap having a first end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said first end cap channel. 7. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 wherein said first end cap channel has an inwardly extending first rim configured to abut said bore sight to prevent said bore sight from passing through said first end cap channel. 8. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 wherein said first sleeve first rear opening includes first internal threads, and wherein said first end cap includes a first stem portion having first external threads configured to be mesh with said first internal threads. 9. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 wherein said activation switch extends through said first end cap channel. 10. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 further comprising a second arbor having a second sleeve with a second internal channel configured to conform with said bore sight, said second internal channel having a second front opening and a second rear opening, said second arbor also having a second end cap releaseably coupled to said second sleeve to confine said bore sight within said second internal channel, said second end cap having a second end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said second end cap channel,
said first arbor having a first ammunition external configuration, said second arbor having a second ammunition external configuration which is different from said first ammunition external configuration. 11. A bore sight with arbor system comprising:
a bore sight having an exterior housing, a laser mounted within said exterior housing, and a laser activation switch having an activation button, and a plurality of arbors, each said arbor having a sleeve with an exterior configuration which is different between each said arbor of said plurality of arbors and an internal channel configured the same between each said arbor of said plurality of arbors to conform with said bore sight, said internal channel of each said arbor having a first opening and a second opening, each said arbor also having an end cap releaseably coupled to said sleeve of each said arbor to confine said bore sight within said internal channel of each said arbor. 12. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 11 wherein each said end cap is coupled to a rear end of said sleeve, and wherein each said end cap has an end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said end cap channel. 13. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 12 wherein each said arbor end cap channel has an inwardly extending rim configured to abut said bore sight to prevent said bore sight from passing through said end cap channel. 14. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 12 wherein each said arbor sleeve rear end includes internal threads, and wherein each said arbor end cap includes a stem portion having external threads configured to be mesh with said internal threads. 15. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 12 wherein said activation switch extends through said end cap channel. | A laser bore sight with arbor system is disclosed which includes a bore sight with a housing, a laser and an activation switch. The system also includes a plurality of arbors, each arbor having a sleeve with an interior channel configured to be received the bore sight. Each arbor is configured to fit within the bore and/or breach of a firearm. The exterior configuration of each arbor is different and specifically configured to fit a specific caliber of firearm. The sleeve has a rear end to which is coupled an end cap having and opening through which the bore sight activation switch extends.1. A bore sight with arbor system comprising:
a bore sight having an exterior housing with a select exterior surface configuration, and a laser mounted within said exterior housing, said laser having an activation switch, and a first arbor having a first tubular housing having a first internal channel with a first front opening and a first rear opening, said first internal channel being configured to conform with said select exterior surface configuration of said bore sight exterior housing, said first arbor also having a first end cap releaseably coupled to said first tubular housing, said first end cap having a first end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said first end cap channel, but prevent the passage of said bore sight through said first end cap channel. 2. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 wherein said first end cap channel has an inwardly extending first rim configured to abut said bore sight to prevent said bore sight from passing through said first end cap channel. 3. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 wherein said first tubular housing first rear opening includes first internal threads, and wherein said first end cap includes a first stem portion having first external threads configured to be mesh with said first internal threads. 4. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 wherein said activation switch extends through said first end cap channel. 5. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 1 further comprising a second arbor having a second tubular housing having a second internal channel with a second front opening and a second rear opening, said second internal channel being configured to conform with said select exterior surface configuration of said bore sight exterior housing, said second arbor also having a second end cap releaseably coupled to said second tubular housing, said second end cap having a second end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said second end cap channel but prevent the passage of said bore sight through said second end cap channel,
said first arbor having a first exterior surface of a first select ammunition shape, said second arbor having a second exterior surface of a second select ammunition shape which is different from said first exterior surface. 6. A bore sight with arbor system comprising:
a bore sight having an exterior housing, a laser mounted within said exterior housing, and a laser activation switch having an activation button, and a first arbor having a first sleeve with a first internal channel configured to conform with said bore sight, said first internal channel having a first front opening and a first rear opening, said first arbor also having a first end cap releaseably coupled to said first sleeve to confine said bore sight within said first internal channel, said first end cap having a first end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said first end cap channel. 7. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 wherein said first end cap channel has an inwardly extending first rim configured to abut said bore sight to prevent said bore sight from passing through said first end cap channel. 8. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 wherein said first sleeve first rear opening includes first internal threads, and wherein said first end cap includes a first stem portion having first external threads configured to be mesh with said first internal threads. 9. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 wherein said activation switch extends through said first end cap channel. 10. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 6 further comprising a second arbor having a second sleeve with a second internal channel configured to conform with said bore sight, said second internal channel having a second front opening and a second rear opening, said second arbor also having a second end cap releaseably coupled to said second sleeve to confine said bore sight within said second internal channel, said second end cap having a second end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said second end cap channel,
said first arbor having a first ammunition external configuration, said second arbor having a second ammunition external configuration which is different from said first ammunition external configuration. 11. A bore sight with arbor system comprising:
a bore sight having an exterior housing, a laser mounted within said exterior housing, and a laser activation switch having an activation button, and a plurality of arbors, each said arbor having a sleeve with an exterior configuration which is different between each said arbor of said plurality of arbors and an internal channel configured the same between each said arbor of said plurality of arbors to conform with said bore sight, said internal channel of each said arbor having a first opening and a second opening, each said arbor also having an end cap releaseably coupled to said sleeve of each said arbor to confine said bore sight within said internal channel of each said arbor. 12. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 11 wherein each said end cap is coupled to a rear end of said sleeve, and wherein each said end cap has an end cap channel therethrough configured to allow actuation of said laser activation switch through said end cap channel. 13. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 12 wherein each said arbor end cap channel has an inwardly extending rim configured to abut said bore sight to prevent said bore sight from passing through said end cap channel. 14. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 12 wherein each said arbor sleeve rear end includes internal threads, and wherein each said arbor end cap includes a stem portion having external threads configured to be mesh with said internal threads. 15. The bore sight with arbor system of claim 12 wherein said activation switch extends through said end cap channel. | 3,600 |
343,389 | 16,802,784 | 3,641 | A system in a vehicle includes a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to identify a location of the vehicle, a sensor configured to determine a temperature of one or more objects, and a processor in communication with the GPS receiver and the sensor. The processor is programmed to in response to a signal identifying the temperature below a threshold amount, output a notification to a display, wherein the notification identifies temperature sensitive objects in the vehicle compartment. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor programmed to: in response to a first signal identifying a vehicle compartment of a vehicle is closed, determine a first weight of objects in the vehicle compartment utilizing sensors in the vehicle; in response to a second signal identifying the vehicle compartment of the vehicle has had an open and close cycle, determine a second weight of objects in the vehicle compartment utilizing the sensors in the vehicle; determine that the objects are temperature sensitive utilizing the sensors in the vehicle; and adjusting climate controls of the vehicle in response to the determination that the objects are temperature sensitive. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to output to a display a notification identifying temperature sensitive objects in the vehicle compartment. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein processor is further programmed to output the notification in response to a change in temperature of the object. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to output a second notification in response to a rate of temperature change exceeding a threshold. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the second notification includes a time warning. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting climate controls includes adjustment of a vehicle compartment temperature and fan setting. 7. The system of claim 1 The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting climate controls includes adjustment of a vehicle cabin temperature and fan setting. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting climate controls includes adjustment of a climate zone temperature and fan setting. 9. A system in a vehicle, comprising:
a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to identify a location of the vehicle; a sensor configured to determine the weight of one or more objects; and a processor in communication with the GPS receiver and the sensor, the processor programmed to: identify a point-of-interest (POI) associated with the location of the vehicle; in response to a signal identifying the vehicle compartment of the vehicle has had an open and close cycle and the POI, determine a second weight of objects in the vehicle compartment utilizing the sensors in the vehicle compartment; and adjust climate controls of the vehicle compartment in response to the determination that the objects are temperature sensitive. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to output on a display a reminder notifying a user about objects in the vehicle compartment. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to adjust climate controls of the vehicle compartment in response to a time of day. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to adjust climate controls of the vehicle compartment in response to weather of the day. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to output a prompt to a user of the vehicle, wherein the prompt includes an option to adjust climate at the vehicle compartment. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor is further programmed to receive an input associated with the prompt for adjustment at the vehicle compartment. 15. A system in a vehicle, comprising:
a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to identify a location of the vehicle; a sensor configured to determine a temperature of one or more objects; and a processor in communication with the GPS receiver and the sensor, the processor programmed to: in response to a signal identifying the temperature below a threshold amount, output a notification to a display, wherein the notification identifies temperature sensitive objects in the vehicle compartment. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further programmed to adjust a climate control setting of the vehicle in response to the temperature below the threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further programmed to identify a point-of-interest (POI) associated with the location of the vehicle and receive historic sensor data associated with the POI. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further programmed to, in response to the historic sensor data, output a notification identifying objects to be stored in the vehicle or vehicle compartment. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further programmed to receive the historic sensor data from a remote server via a transceiver in communication with the processor. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further programmed to, in response to comparing a weight of the one or more objects from the sensor to a target weight received from the POI, output a notification related to the one or more objects in the vehicle compartment. | A system in a vehicle includes a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to identify a location of the vehicle, a sensor configured to determine a temperature of one or more objects, and a processor in communication with the GPS receiver and the sensor. The processor is programmed to in response to a signal identifying the temperature below a threshold amount, output a notification to a display, wherein the notification identifies temperature sensitive objects in the vehicle compartment.1. A system, comprising:
a processor programmed to: in response to a first signal identifying a vehicle compartment of a vehicle is closed, determine a first weight of objects in the vehicle compartment utilizing sensors in the vehicle; in response to a second signal identifying the vehicle compartment of the vehicle has had an open and close cycle, determine a second weight of objects in the vehicle compartment utilizing the sensors in the vehicle; determine that the objects are temperature sensitive utilizing the sensors in the vehicle; and adjusting climate controls of the vehicle in response to the determination that the objects are temperature sensitive. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to output to a display a notification identifying temperature sensitive objects in the vehicle compartment. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein processor is further programmed to output the notification in response to a change in temperature of the object. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further programmed to output a second notification in response to a rate of temperature change exceeding a threshold. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the second notification includes a time warning. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting climate controls includes adjustment of a vehicle compartment temperature and fan setting. 7. The system of claim 1 The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting climate controls includes adjustment of a vehicle cabin temperature and fan setting. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein adjusting climate controls includes adjustment of a climate zone temperature and fan setting. 9. A system in a vehicle, comprising:
a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to identify a location of the vehicle; a sensor configured to determine the weight of one or more objects; and a processor in communication with the GPS receiver and the sensor, the processor programmed to: identify a point-of-interest (POI) associated with the location of the vehicle; in response to a signal identifying the vehicle compartment of the vehicle has had an open and close cycle and the POI, determine a second weight of objects in the vehicle compartment utilizing the sensors in the vehicle compartment; and adjust climate controls of the vehicle compartment in response to the determination that the objects are temperature sensitive. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to output on a display a reminder notifying a user about objects in the vehicle compartment. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to adjust climate controls of the vehicle compartment in response to a time of day. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to adjust climate controls of the vehicle compartment in response to weather of the day. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further programmed to output a prompt to a user of the vehicle, wherein the prompt includes an option to adjust climate at the vehicle compartment. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor is further programmed to receive an input associated with the prompt for adjustment at the vehicle compartment. 15. A system in a vehicle, comprising:
a global positioning system (GPS) receiver configured to identify a location of the vehicle; a sensor configured to determine a temperature of one or more objects; and a processor in communication with the GPS receiver and the sensor, the processor programmed to: in response to a signal identifying the temperature below a threshold amount, output a notification to a display, wherein the notification identifies temperature sensitive objects in the vehicle compartment. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further programmed to adjust a climate control setting of the vehicle in response to the temperature below the threshold. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further programmed to identify a point-of-interest (POI) associated with the location of the vehicle and receive historic sensor data associated with the POI. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further programmed to, in response to the historic sensor data, output a notification identifying objects to be stored in the vehicle or vehicle compartment. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further programmed to receive the historic sensor data from a remote server via a transceiver in communication with the processor. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further programmed to, in response to comparing a weight of the one or more objects from the sensor to a target weight received from the POI, output a notification related to the one or more objects in the vehicle compartment. | 3,600 |
343,390 | 16,802,832 | 3,643 | An apparatus and method to regulate the fluid level in a plant watering device is described. In an embodiment, the plant watering device comprises a fluid reservoir that is supported by an adapter/fluid regulator that sits within a hollow permeable plant stake. The plant stake is designed to be pressed into soil adjacent to a plant growing in the soil. The adapter sits within the plant stake and acts as a valve with a variable settings that controls the depth of water in the plant stake. Exposing the permeable plant stake to various levels of water affects the rate of permeation through the stake and thereby regulates the watering rate for the plant. | 1. An apparatus for adjusting a water level in a plant watering device comprising:
a hollow, substantially cylindrical valve body having a top end and a bottom end with the top end of the valve body configured with:
a fluid reservoir connector, and
a flange configured to rigidly support the valve body within a fluid dispenser and;
an outer sleeve positioned concentrically outside the valve body that is moveable by rotation about the valve body and having a top end and a bottom end; and a vertical slot:
in a wall of the valve body which terminates near the top end and near the bottom end of the valve body, or
in a wall of the sleeve which terminates near the top end and near bottom end of the sleeve; and
a helical slot with a pitch equal to the length of the vertical slot and which aligns with the vertical slot:
in the wall of the sleeve which terminates near the top end and near the sleeve, provided there is a vehicle slot in the wall of the valve body, or
in the wall of the valve body which terminates near the top end and near the bottom end of the valve body, provider there is a vertical slot in the wall of the sleeve; and
a compressible gasket that is fixedly attached around the perimeter of the vertical slot and is in elastic watertight contact with either the sleeve or the valve body that has the helical slot. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the substantially cylindrical valve body and sleeve are truncated cones with the smaller diameter of the truncated cone on the bottom end of the valve body and sleeve. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the valve body is longer than the outer sleeve and has a groove near the bottom end of the valve body with a retaining ring installed below a bottom end of the outer sleeve. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein near the top of the sleeve, there is a viewport built into the sleeve which aligns with one of multiple water depth indicators that are etched or painted on the valve body. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an elastic tab built into the bottom end of the sleeve which clicks into a receiver indentation built into the bottom end of the valve body when the sleeve is placed over the valve body, holding the sleeve in place. | An apparatus and method to regulate the fluid level in a plant watering device is described. In an embodiment, the plant watering device comprises a fluid reservoir that is supported by an adapter/fluid regulator that sits within a hollow permeable plant stake. The plant stake is designed to be pressed into soil adjacent to a plant growing in the soil. The adapter sits within the plant stake and acts as a valve with a variable settings that controls the depth of water in the plant stake. Exposing the permeable plant stake to various levels of water affects the rate of permeation through the stake and thereby regulates the watering rate for the plant.1. An apparatus for adjusting a water level in a plant watering device comprising:
a hollow, substantially cylindrical valve body having a top end and a bottom end with the top end of the valve body configured with:
a fluid reservoir connector, and
a flange configured to rigidly support the valve body within a fluid dispenser and;
an outer sleeve positioned concentrically outside the valve body that is moveable by rotation about the valve body and having a top end and a bottom end; and a vertical slot:
in a wall of the valve body which terminates near the top end and near the bottom end of the valve body, or
in a wall of the sleeve which terminates near the top end and near bottom end of the sleeve; and
a helical slot with a pitch equal to the length of the vertical slot and which aligns with the vertical slot:
in the wall of the sleeve which terminates near the top end and near the sleeve, provided there is a vehicle slot in the wall of the valve body, or
in the wall of the valve body which terminates near the top end and near the bottom end of the valve body, provider there is a vertical slot in the wall of the sleeve; and
a compressible gasket that is fixedly attached around the perimeter of the vertical slot and is in elastic watertight contact with either the sleeve or the valve body that has the helical slot. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the substantially cylindrical valve body and sleeve are truncated cones with the smaller diameter of the truncated cone on the bottom end of the valve body and sleeve. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the valve body is longer than the outer sleeve and has a groove near the bottom end of the valve body with a retaining ring installed below a bottom end of the outer sleeve. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein near the top of the sleeve, there is a viewport built into the sleeve which aligns with one of multiple water depth indicators that are etched or painted on the valve body. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an elastic tab built into the bottom end of the sleeve which clicks into a receiver indentation built into the bottom end of the valve body when the sleeve is placed over the valve body, holding the sleeve in place. | 3,600 |
343,391 | 16,802,797 | 3,643 | The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support, a magnetic layer that includes ferromagnetic powder having an average particle volume of 2,500 nm3 or less on one surface side of the non-magnetic support, and a back coating layer that includes non-magnetic powder on the other surface side of the non-magnetic support, in which the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic powder selected from the group consisting of hexagonal ferrite powder and ε-iron oxide powder, and a ratio (PSD5 μm-PSDmag/PSD10 μm-PSDbc) of the magnetic layer and the back coating layer is in a range of 0.0050 to 0.20. A magnetic tape cartridge and a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus include the magnetic tape. | 1. A magnetic tape comprising:
a non-magnetic support; a magnetic layer that includes ferromagnetic powder having an average particle volume of 2,500 nm3 or less on one surface side of the non-magnetic support; and a back coating layer that includes non-magnetic powder on the other surface side of the non-magnetic support, wherein the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic powder selected from the group consisting of hexagonal ferrite powder and ε-iron oxide powder, a ratio PSD5 μm-PSDmag/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD5 μm-PSDmag at a 5 μm pitch on a surface of the magnetic layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.0050 to 0.20. 2. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein a ratio PSD3 μm-PSDbc/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD3 μm-PSDbc at a 3 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.050 to 0.75. 3. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein a product Rkumag×Rkubc of a kurtosis Rkumag of a surface of the magnetic layer and a kurtosis Rkubc of a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 7.0 to 20.0. 4. The magnetic tape according to claim 3,
wherein the kurtosis Rkumag of the surface of the magnetic layer and the kurtosis Rkubc of the surface of the back coating layer have a relationship of Rkumag<Rkubc. 5. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of a skewness Rskmag of a surface of the magnetic layer or a skewness Rskbc of a surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 6. The magnetic tape according to claim 5,
wherein the skewness Rskbc of the surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 7. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein the hexagonal ferrite powder is hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. 8. A magnetic tape cartridge comprising:
the magnetic tape according to claim 1. 9. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein a ratio PSD3 μm-PSDbc/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD3 μm-PSDbc at a 3 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.050 to 0.75. 10. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein a product Rkumag×Rkubc of a kurtosis Rkumag of a surface of the magnetic layer and a kurtosis Rkubc of a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 7.0 to 20.0. 11. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 10,
wherein the kurtosis Rkumag of the surface of the magnetic layer and the kurtosis Rkubc of the surface of the back coating layer have a relationship of Rkumag<Rkubc. 12. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein at least one of a skewness Rskmag of a surface of the magnetic layer or a skewness Rskbc of a surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 13. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 12,
wherein the skewness Rskbc of the surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 14. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein the hexagonal ferrite powder is hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. 15. A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprising:
the magnetic tape according to claim 1; and a magnetic head. 16. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein a ratio PSD3 μm-PSDbc/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD3 μm-PSDbc at a 3 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.050 to 0.75. 17. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein a product Rkumag×Rkubc of a kurtosis Rkumag of a surface of the magnetic layer and a kurtosis Rkubc of a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 7.0 to 20.0. 18. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein the kurtosis Rkumag of the surface of the magnetic layer and the kurtosis Rkubc of the surface of the back coating layer have a relationship of Rkumag<Rkubc. 19. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein at least one of a skewness Rskmag of a surface of the magnetic layer or a skewness Rskbc of a surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 20. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 19,
wherein the skewness Rskbc of the surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. | The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support, a magnetic layer that includes ferromagnetic powder having an average particle volume of 2,500 nm3 or less on one surface side of the non-magnetic support, and a back coating layer that includes non-magnetic powder on the other surface side of the non-magnetic support, in which the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic powder selected from the group consisting of hexagonal ferrite powder and ε-iron oxide powder, and a ratio (PSD5 μm-PSDmag/PSD10 μm-PSDbc) of the magnetic layer and the back coating layer is in a range of 0.0050 to 0.20. A magnetic tape cartridge and a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus include the magnetic tape.1. A magnetic tape comprising:
a non-magnetic support; a magnetic layer that includes ferromagnetic powder having an average particle volume of 2,500 nm3 or less on one surface side of the non-magnetic support; and a back coating layer that includes non-magnetic powder on the other surface side of the non-magnetic support, wherein the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic powder selected from the group consisting of hexagonal ferrite powder and ε-iron oxide powder, a ratio PSD5 μm-PSDmag/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD5 μm-PSDmag at a 5 μm pitch on a surface of the magnetic layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.0050 to 0.20. 2. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein a ratio PSD3 μm-PSDbc/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD3 μm-PSDbc at a 3 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.050 to 0.75. 3. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein a product Rkumag×Rkubc of a kurtosis Rkumag of a surface of the magnetic layer and a kurtosis Rkubc of a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 7.0 to 20.0. 4. The magnetic tape according to claim 3,
wherein the kurtosis Rkumag of the surface of the magnetic layer and the kurtosis Rkubc of the surface of the back coating layer have a relationship of Rkumag<Rkubc. 5. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of a skewness Rskmag of a surface of the magnetic layer or a skewness Rskbc of a surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 6. The magnetic tape according to claim 5,
wherein the skewness Rskbc of the surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 7. The magnetic tape according to claim 1,
wherein the hexagonal ferrite powder is hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. 8. A magnetic tape cartridge comprising:
the magnetic tape according to claim 1. 9. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein a ratio PSD3 μm-PSDbc/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD3 μm-PSDbc at a 3 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.050 to 0.75. 10. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein a product Rkumag×Rkubc of a kurtosis Rkumag of a surface of the magnetic layer and a kurtosis Rkubc of a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 7.0 to 20.0. 11. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 10,
wherein the kurtosis Rkumag of the surface of the magnetic layer and the kurtosis Rkubc of the surface of the back coating layer have a relationship of Rkumag<Rkubc. 12. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein at least one of a skewness Rskmag of a surface of the magnetic layer or a skewness Rskbc of a surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 13. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 12,
wherein the skewness Rskbc of the surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 14. The magnetic tape cartridge according to claim 8,
wherein the hexagonal ferrite powder is hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. 15. A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprising:
the magnetic tape according to claim 1; and a magnetic head. 16. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein a ratio PSD3 μm-PSDbc/PSD10 μm-PSDbc of a PSD3 μm-PSDbc at a 3 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer and a PSD10 μm-PSDbc at a 10 μm pitch on a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 0.050 to 0.75. 17. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein a product Rkumag×Rkubc of a kurtosis Rkumag of a surface of the magnetic layer and a kurtosis Rkubc of a surface of the back coating layer is in a range of 7.0 to 20.0. 18. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein the kurtosis Rkumag of the surface of the magnetic layer and the kurtosis Rkubc of the surface of the back coating layer have a relationship of Rkumag<Rkubc. 19. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein at least one of a skewness Rskmag of a surface of the magnetic layer or a skewness Rskbc of a surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. 20. The magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to claim 19,
wherein the skewness Rskbc of the surface of the back coating layer is 0 or more. | 3,600 |
343,392 | 16,802,823 | 3,643 | Systems and methods for facilitating access of interchange parameter data files through a centralized microservice system that integrates a plurality of interchange network systems with a plurality of payment processing applications. The microservice system comprises a plurality of microservices and a plurality of payment processing application modules hosting the plurality of payment processing applications. The microservice system accesses interchange related information sourced from the plurality of interchange network systems and stores the interchange related information in the plurality of microservices. A plurality of financial entities gets registered with the microservice system for availing services associated with the plurality of payment processing applications. The plurality of payment processing application sends a request to the microservice system to access the interchange related information required for processing of the payment transactions requested by the financial entities. The microservice system provides access of the interchange related information in response to receipt of the request. | 1. A microservice system, comprising:
a database comprising a memory and a plurality of microservices, the memory comprising instructions; a plurality of payment processing application modules for hosting a plurality of payment processing applications configured to process payment transactions; and at least one processor responsive to the instructions to perform
accessing interchange related information sourced from a plurality of interchange network systems,
storing the interchange related information in the plurality of microservices,
facilitating registration of a plurality of financial entities with the microservice system for availing services associated with the plurality of payment processing applications,
receiving a request from a payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications to access the interchange related information for a financial entity of the plurality of financial entities, and
providing the interchange related information to the payment processing application in response to receipt of the request. 2. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an application interface configured to provide communication between the plurality of financial entities and the plurality of payment processing applications. 3. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the registration of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system comprises assigning a member identification (ID) to each financial entity of the plurality of financial entities. 4. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein accessing the interchange related information from the plurality of interchange network systems comprises sending a request for registration of the microservice system to the plurality of interchange network systems. 5. The microservice system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the registration of the microservice system corresponds to registration of the microservice system in each interchange network system per region of the plurality of interchange network systems. 6. The microservice system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the registration of the microservice system with each of the plurality of interchange network systems further comprises:
receiving an approval of the request for registration; and receiving a unique processor ID from each operating region of an interchange network system of the plurality of interchange network systems. 7. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein upon receiving the request from the payment processing application, the processor performs selection of at least one microservice from the plurality of microservices in which the requested interchange related information is stored. 8. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the registration of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system comprises receiving details including name of the financial entity, operating region of the financial entity, name of the interchange network system with which the financial entity is associated, and services in which the financial entity is interested. 9. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor further performs:
receiving a service request from at least one financial entity for accessing at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications; and sending the service request to the at least one payment processing application. 10. The microservice system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the processor further performs authentication of the service request received from at least one financial entity. 11. A method comprising:
accessing, by a microservice system, interchange related information sourced from a plurality of interchange network systems; storing, by the microservice system, the interchange related information sourced from the plurality of interchange network systems in a plurality of microservices; facilitating registration, by the microservice system, of a plurality of financial entities with the microservice system for availing services associated with a plurality of payment processing applications; and wherein upon registration of a financial entity of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system, performing receiving a request from a payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications to access the interchange related information for the financial entity, and providing the interchange related information to the payment processing application. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein facilitating registration of the plurality of financial entities comprises assigning a member identification (ID) to each financial entity of the plurality of financial entities. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising sending a request for registration of the microservice system to the plurality of interchange network systems for accessing the interchange related information. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
receiving an approval of the request for registration; and receiving a unique processor ID from each operating region of an interchange network system of the plurality of interchange network systems. 15. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a service request from at least one financial entity for accessing at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications; and sending the service request to the at least one payment processing application. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising authenticating the service request received from at least one financial entity. 17. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising selecting at least one microservice from the plurality of microservices in which the requested interchange related information is stored based on the request received from the plurality of payment processing application. 18. One or more non-transitory computer storage media having computer-executable instructions that, upon execution by a processor of a microservice system, cause the processor to at least:
access interchange related information sourced from a plurality of interchange network systems; store the interchange related information sourced from the plurality of interchange network systems; facilitate registration of a plurality of financial entities with the microservice system for availing services associated with a plurality of payment processing applications; and wherein upon registration of a financial entity of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system, perform:
receiving a service request from at least one financial entity for accessing at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications,
sending the service request to the at least one payment processing application,
receiving a request from the at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications to access the interchange related information, and
providing the interchange related information to the at least one payment processing application. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer storage media as claimed in claim 18, wherein the computer-executable instructions, upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to authenticate the service request received from at least one financial entity. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer storage media as claimed in claim 18, wherein the computer-executable instructions, upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to:
send a request for registration of the microservice system to the plurality of interchange network systems for accessing the interchange related information; receive an approval of the request for registration; and receive a unique processor ID from each operating region of an interchange network system of the plurality of interchange network systems. | Systems and methods for facilitating access of interchange parameter data files through a centralized microservice system that integrates a plurality of interchange network systems with a plurality of payment processing applications. The microservice system comprises a plurality of microservices and a plurality of payment processing application modules hosting the plurality of payment processing applications. The microservice system accesses interchange related information sourced from the plurality of interchange network systems and stores the interchange related information in the plurality of microservices. A plurality of financial entities gets registered with the microservice system for availing services associated with the plurality of payment processing applications. The plurality of payment processing application sends a request to the microservice system to access the interchange related information required for processing of the payment transactions requested by the financial entities. The microservice system provides access of the interchange related information in response to receipt of the request.1. A microservice system, comprising:
a database comprising a memory and a plurality of microservices, the memory comprising instructions; a plurality of payment processing application modules for hosting a plurality of payment processing applications configured to process payment transactions; and at least one processor responsive to the instructions to perform
accessing interchange related information sourced from a plurality of interchange network systems,
storing the interchange related information in the plurality of microservices,
facilitating registration of a plurality of financial entities with the microservice system for availing services associated with the plurality of payment processing applications,
receiving a request from a payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications to access the interchange related information for a financial entity of the plurality of financial entities, and
providing the interchange related information to the payment processing application in response to receipt of the request. 2. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an application interface configured to provide communication between the plurality of financial entities and the plurality of payment processing applications. 3. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the registration of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system comprises assigning a member identification (ID) to each financial entity of the plurality of financial entities. 4. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein accessing the interchange related information from the plurality of interchange network systems comprises sending a request for registration of the microservice system to the plurality of interchange network systems. 5. The microservice system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the registration of the microservice system corresponds to registration of the microservice system in each interchange network system per region of the plurality of interchange network systems. 6. The microservice system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the registration of the microservice system with each of the plurality of interchange network systems further comprises:
receiving an approval of the request for registration; and receiving a unique processor ID from each operating region of an interchange network system of the plurality of interchange network systems. 7. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein upon receiving the request from the payment processing application, the processor performs selection of at least one microservice from the plurality of microservices in which the requested interchange related information is stored. 8. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the registration of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system comprises receiving details including name of the financial entity, operating region of the financial entity, name of the interchange network system with which the financial entity is associated, and services in which the financial entity is interested. 9. The microservice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor further performs:
receiving a service request from at least one financial entity for accessing at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications; and sending the service request to the at least one payment processing application. 10. The microservice system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the processor further performs authentication of the service request received from at least one financial entity. 11. A method comprising:
accessing, by a microservice system, interchange related information sourced from a plurality of interchange network systems; storing, by the microservice system, the interchange related information sourced from the plurality of interchange network systems in a plurality of microservices; facilitating registration, by the microservice system, of a plurality of financial entities with the microservice system for availing services associated with a plurality of payment processing applications; and wherein upon registration of a financial entity of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system, performing receiving a request from a payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications to access the interchange related information for the financial entity, and providing the interchange related information to the payment processing application. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein facilitating registration of the plurality of financial entities comprises assigning a member identification (ID) to each financial entity of the plurality of financial entities. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising sending a request for registration of the microservice system to the plurality of interchange network systems for accessing the interchange related information. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
receiving an approval of the request for registration; and receiving a unique processor ID from each operating region of an interchange network system of the plurality of interchange network systems. 15. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a service request from at least one financial entity for accessing at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications; and sending the service request to the at least one payment processing application. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising authenticating the service request received from at least one financial entity. 17. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising selecting at least one microservice from the plurality of microservices in which the requested interchange related information is stored based on the request received from the plurality of payment processing application. 18. One or more non-transitory computer storage media having computer-executable instructions that, upon execution by a processor of a microservice system, cause the processor to at least:
access interchange related information sourced from a plurality of interchange network systems; store the interchange related information sourced from the plurality of interchange network systems; facilitate registration of a plurality of financial entities with the microservice system for availing services associated with a plurality of payment processing applications; and wherein upon registration of a financial entity of the plurality of financial entities with the microservice system, perform:
receiving a service request from at least one financial entity for accessing at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications,
sending the service request to the at least one payment processing application,
receiving a request from the at least one payment processing application of the plurality of payment processing applications to access the interchange related information, and
providing the interchange related information to the at least one payment processing application. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer storage media as claimed in claim 18, wherein the computer-executable instructions, upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to authenticate the service request received from at least one financial entity. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer storage media as claimed in claim 18, wherein the computer-executable instructions, upon execution by the processor, further cause the processor to:
send a request for registration of the microservice system to the plurality of interchange network systems for accessing the interchange related information; receive an approval of the request for registration; and receive a unique processor ID from each operating region of an interchange network system of the plurality of interchange network systems. | 3,600 |
343,393 | 16,802,813 | 2,177 | An information processing system includes at least one information processing apparatus that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page and a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page via a network, a home page information reception unit that receives home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service, an analysis result reception unit that receives an analysis result from the second service, an improvement information creation unit that creates improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result, and a communication unit that sends the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. | 1. An information processing system comprising:
at least one information processing apparatus that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page and a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page via a network; a home page information reception unit that receives home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service; an analysis result reception unit that receives an analysis result from the second service; an improvement information creation unit that creates improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result; and a communication unit that sends the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. 2. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the improvement information of the home page is provided to the user terminal separately as information for changing the configuration of the home page and information for changing the form entered by the browsing person. 3. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the analysis result is analyzed for each page included in the home page, wherein the home page configuration information includes identification information of each page included in the home page, and wherein the improvement information creation unit creates the improvement information for each page included in the home page. 4. The information processing system according to claim 3,
wherein the improvement information is information that enhances an induction to a predetermined page included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service. 5. The information processing system according to claim 4,
wherein the improvement information is information contained in the analysis result analyzed by the second service that enhances the induction of the browsing person of the predetermined page from an entrance page firstly browsed by the browsing person of the home page. 6. The information processing system according to claim 3,
wherein the improvement information is information that weakens the induction to the predetermined page included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service. 7. The information processing system according to claim 6,
wherein the improvement information is information included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service that weakens the induction by the browsing person to the predetermined page from the entrance page first viewed by the browsing person to the home page. 8. The information processing system according to claim 4, the information processing system further comprising:
a screen information creation unit that creates screen information of an improvement proposal screen for displaying the improvement information by the user terminal, wherein the screen information creation unit includes an edition destination URL of the home page acquired from the first service in the screen information of the improvement proposal screen. 9. The information processing system according to claim 8,
wherein the screen information creation unit embeds the edition destination URL for editing a page to be improved in a display part of the improvement proposal school. 10. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the analysis result is analyzed for each form the home page has for the browsing person to enter, wherein the web page home information includes identification information of each form included in the home page, and wherein the improvement information creation unit creates the improvement information for each form included in the home page. 11. The information processing system according to claim 10,
wherein the improvement information is information that changes a number of items of the form included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service. 12. The information processing system according to claim 10,
wherein the screen information creation unit that creates the screen information of an improvement proposal screen for displaying the improvement information by the user terminal, and wherein the screen information creation unit includes an edition destination URL of the form obtained from the first service in the screen information of the improvement proposal screen. 13. The information processing system according to claim 12,
wherein the screen information creation unit embeds an edition destination URL for editing a form to be improved in a display component of the improvement proposal screen. 14. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the improvement information creation unit identifies the page based on the identification information of a page of the home page included in the analysis result, wherein the browsing information relating to the inspection of the page from a third service, comprising: an information acquiring unit that receives the browsing information including identification information of the browsing person who accessed the page having an inquiry form, time information accessed, and time information in which the content of the inquiry form have been sent to the information processing system, wherein the improvement information creation unit
determines whether an target of the page is achieved based on a difference between the time information accessed by a same browsing person judged based on identification information of the browsing person and the time information indicative of a time when a content of the inquiry form is sent to the information processing system, and
calculates a CVR (Conversion Rate) is calculated based on a number of accesses per page and a number of times the target is achieved, and
wherein the communication unit sends the CVR of the page of the home page included in the analysis result and information indicating that the CVR is above or below a threshold value to the user terminal. 15. An information processing method performed by an information processing system including that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page, a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page, and at least one information processing apparatus for communicating via a network, the information processing method comprising:
receiving home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service; receiving an analysis result from the second service; creating, by an improvement information creation unit, improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result; and sending the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program implemented by a computer included in at least one information processing apparatus that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page and a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page via a network, the program being implemented as:
a home page information reception unit that receives home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service; an analysis result reception unit that receives an analysis result from the second service; an improvement information creation unit that creates improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result; and a communication unit that sends the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. | An information processing system includes at least one information processing apparatus that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page and a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page via a network, a home page information reception unit that receives home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service, an analysis result reception unit that receives an analysis result from the second service, an improvement information creation unit that creates improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result, and a communication unit that sends the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user.1. An information processing system comprising:
at least one information processing apparatus that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page and a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page via a network; a home page information reception unit that receives home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service; an analysis result reception unit that receives an analysis result from the second service; an improvement information creation unit that creates improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result; and a communication unit that sends the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. 2. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the improvement information of the home page is provided to the user terminal separately as information for changing the configuration of the home page and information for changing the form entered by the browsing person. 3. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the analysis result is analyzed for each page included in the home page, wherein the home page configuration information includes identification information of each page included in the home page, and wherein the improvement information creation unit creates the improvement information for each page included in the home page. 4. The information processing system according to claim 3,
wherein the improvement information is information that enhances an induction to a predetermined page included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service. 5. The information processing system according to claim 4,
wherein the improvement information is information contained in the analysis result analyzed by the second service that enhances the induction of the browsing person of the predetermined page from an entrance page firstly browsed by the browsing person of the home page. 6. The information processing system according to claim 3,
wherein the improvement information is information that weakens the induction to the predetermined page included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service. 7. The information processing system according to claim 6,
wherein the improvement information is information included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service that weakens the induction by the browsing person to the predetermined page from the entrance page first viewed by the browsing person to the home page. 8. The information processing system according to claim 4, the information processing system further comprising:
a screen information creation unit that creates screen information of an improvement proposal screen for displaying the improvement information by the user terminal, wherein the screen information creation unit includes an edition destination URL of the home page acquired from the first service in the screen information of the improvement proposal screen. 9. The information processing system according to claim 8,
wherein the screen information creation unit embeds the edition destination URL for editing a page to be improved in a display part of the improvement proposal school. 10. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the analysis result is analyzed for each form the home page has for the browsing person to enter, wherein the web page home information includes identification information of each form included in the home page, and wherein the improvement information creation unit creates the improvement information for each form included in the home page. 11. The information processing system according to claim 10,
wherein the improvement information is information that changes a number of items of the form included in the analysis result analyzed by the second service. 12. The information processing system according to claim 10,
wherein the screen information creation unit that creates the screen information of an improvement proposal screen for displaying the improvement information by the user terminal, and wherein the screen information creation unit includes an edition destination URL of the form obtained from the first service in the screen information of the improvement proposal screen. 13. The information processing system according to claim 12,
wherein the screen information creation unit embeds an edition destination URL for editing a form to be improved in a display component of the improvement proposal screen. 14. The information processing system according to claim 1,
wherein the improvement information creation unit identifies the page based on the identification information of a page of the home page included in the analysis result, wherein the browsing information relating to the inspection of the page from a third service, comprising: an information acquiring unit that receives the browsing information including identification information of the browsing person who accessed the page having an inquiry form, time information accessed, and time information in which the content of the inquiry form have been sent to the information processing system, wherein the improvement information creation unit
determines whether an target of the page is achieved based on a difference between the time information accessed by a same browsing person judged based on identification information of the browsing person and the time information indicative of a time when a content of the inquiry form is sent to the information processing system, and
calculates a CVR (Conversion Rate) is calculated based on a number of accesses per page and a number of times the target is achieved, and
wherein the communication unit sends the CVR of the page of the home page included in the analysis result and information indicating that the CVR is above or below a threshold value to the user terminal. 15. An information processing method performed by an information processing system including that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page, a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page, and at least one information processing apparatus for communicating via a network, the information processing method comprising:
receiving home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service; receiving an analysis result from the second service; creating, by an improvement information creation unit, improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result; and sending the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program implemented by a computer included in at least one information processing apparatus that communicate with a first service for supporting to create a home page and a second service for creating an analysis result by analyzing information related to browsing of the home page via a network, the program being implemented as:
a home page information reception unit that receives home page configuration information concerning a configuration of the home page from the first service; an analysis result reception unit that receives an analysis result from the second service; an improvement information creation unit that creates improvement information for improving the home page based on the home page configuration information and the analysis result; and a communication unit that sends the improvement information created by the improvement information creation unit to a user terminal operated by a user. | 2,100 |
343,394 | 16,802,799 | 2,177 | A method, computer system, and computer program product for self-correcting temperature and notification are provided. The embodiment may include detecting a user body temperature. The embodiment may also include determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range. The embodiment may further include in response to the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured threshold temperature range, adjusting the body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range. The embodiment may also include notifying a user when the detected body temperature reaches pre-configured dangerous body temperature. | 1. A processor-implemented method for self-correcting temperature notification, the method comprising:
detecting a user body temperature; determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range; and in response to the detected body temperature being outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, performing temperature regulation assistance using associated temperature regulation devices to adjust the user body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying a user when the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured dangerous body temperature; and sending a notification to the user via a mobile application or a desktop application. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing primary contacts of the user in a database; and sending a notification to each primary contact when the detected body temperature reaches the pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
utilizing an electronic system attached to a bed, a chair, a stretcher or a wearable to adjust the body temperature. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
notifying an emergency center when each primary contact does not respond within a preconfigured time. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recommending a necessary action when the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, wherein the necessary action is any action that may help increase or decrease the body temperature. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing temperature measurements in a database connected to a user electronic health record system. 8. A computer system for self-correcting temperature notification, the computer system comprising:
one or more processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangible storage media, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more tangible storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, wherein the computer system is capable of performing a method comprising: detecting a user body temperature; determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range; in response to the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, adjusting the user body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range; and notifying a user when the detected body temperature reaches pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 9. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
sending a notification to the user via a mobile application or a desktop application. 10. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
storing primary contacts of the user in a database; and sending a notification to the primary contacts when the detected body temperature reaches the pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 11. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
utilizing an electronic or battery-operated wiring system attached to a bed, a chair, a stretcher or a wearable to adjust the body temperature. 12. The computer system of claim 10, further comprising:
notifying an emergency center when the primary contacts do not respond within a preconfigured time. 13. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
recommending a necessary action when the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range. 14. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
storing temperature measurements in a database connected to a user electronic health record system. 15. A computer program product for self-correcting temperature notification, the computer program product comprising:
one or more computer-readable tangible storage media and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more tangible storage media, the program instructions executable by a processor of a computer to perform a method, the method comprising: detecting a user body temperature; determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range; in response to the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, adjusting the user body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range; and notifying a user when the detected body temperature reaches pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
sending a notification to the user via a mobile application or a desktop application. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
storing primary contacts of the user in a database; and sending a notification to the primary contacts when the detected body temperature reaches the pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
utilizing an electronic or battery-operated wiring system attached to a bed, a chair, a stretcher or a wearable to adjust the body temperature. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
notifying an emergency center when the primary contacts do not respond within a preconfigured time. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
storing temperature measurements in a database connected to a user electronic health record system. | A method, computer system, and computer program product for self-correcting temperature and notification are provided. The embodiment may include detecting a user body temperature. The embodiment may also include determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range. The embodiment may further include in response to the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured threshold temperature range, adjusting the body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range. The embodiment may also include notifying a user when the detected body temperature reaches pre-configured dangerous body temperature.1. A processor-implemented method for self-correcting temperature notification, the method comprising:
detecting a user body temperature; determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range; and in response to the detected body temperature being outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, performing temperature regulation assistance using associated temperature regulation devices to adjust the user body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying a user when the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured dangerous body temperature; and sending a notification to the user via a mobile application or a desktop application. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing primary contacts of the user in a database; and sending a notification to each primary contact when the detected body temperature reaches the pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
utilizing an electronic system attached to a bed, a chair, a stretcher or a wearable to adjust the body temperature. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
notifying an emergency center when each primary contact does not respond within a preconfigured time. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recommending a necessary action when the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, wherein the necessary action is any action that may help increase or decrease the body temperature. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing temperature measurements in a database connected to a user electronic health record system. 8. A computer system for self-correcting temperature notification, the computer system comprising:
one or more processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangible storage media, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more tangible storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, wherein the computer system is capable of performing a method comprising: detecting a user body temperature; determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range; in response to the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, adjusting the user body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range; and notifying a user when the detected body temperature reaches pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 9. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
sending a notification to the user via a mobile application or a desktop application. 10. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
storing primary contacts of the user in a database; and sending a notification to the primary contacts when the detected body temperature reaches the pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 11. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
utilizing an electronic or battery-operated wiring system attached to a bed, a chair, a stretcher or a wearable to adjust the body temperature. 12. The computer system of claim 10, further comprising:
notifying an emergency center when the primary contacts do not respond within a preconfigured time. 13. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
recommending a necessary action when the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range. 14. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
storing temperature measurements in a database connected to a user electronic health record system. 15. A computer program product for self-correcting temperature notification, the computer program product comprising:
one or more computer-readable tangible storage media and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more tangible storage media, the program instructions executable by a processor of a computer to perform a method, the method comprising: detecting a user body temperature; determining if the detected body temperature is within a pre-configured normal temperature range; in response to the detected body temperature is outside the pre-configured normal temperature range, adjusting the user body temperature to the pre-configured normal temperature range; and notifying a user when the detected body temperature reaches pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
sending a notification to the user via a mobile application or a desktop application. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
storing primary contacts of the user in a database; and sending a notification to the primary contacts when the detected body temperature reaches the pre-configured dangerous body temperature. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
utilizing an electronic or battery-operated wiring system attached to a bed, a chair, a stretcher or a wearable to adjust the body temperature. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
notifying an emergency center when the primary contacts do not respond within a preconfigured time. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
storing temperature measurements in a database connected to a user electronic health record system. | 2,100 |
343,395 | 16,802,844 | 1,735 | In order to achieve the advantage, master alloy for casting a copper alloy in a form of Cu: 40 to 80%, Zr: 0.5 to 35% and the balance of Zn; and Cu: 40 to 80%, Zr: 0.5 to 35%, P: 0.01 to 3% and the balance of Zn are used, and thus grain-refined copper alloy casting products are obtained. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %, Zr: 1 to 35 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P, to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product has a 0.2% proof strength that is improved by not less than 10% compared to a copper alloy casting before modification and the modified copper alloy casting product comprises 5 to 500 ppm of Zr and 0.01 to 0.35 wt % of P. 15. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 1 to 35 wt %; at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg: 0.01 to 1 wt %, Sn: 0.1 to 5 wt %, B: 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, Mn: 0.01 to 5 wt % and Si: 0.01 to 1 wt %, and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less when a modified copper alloy casting comprises 5 to 500 ppm of Zr and 0.01-0.35 wt % of P. 16. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 1 to 35 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 17. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 20 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein said Zr is present in the form of Cu—Zn—Zr in decreasing order by wt. %, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 18. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 20 wt %; at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg: 0.01 to 1 wt. %, Sn: 0.1 to 5 wt %, B: 0.01 to 0.5 wt %, Mn: 0.01 to 5 wt % and Si: 0.01 to 1 wt %, and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein said Zr is present in the form of Cu—Zn—Zr in decreasing order by wt %, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 19. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; P: 0.01-3 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy to which the master alloy is added to produce the modified copper alloy casting product, including refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 20. A modified copper alloy casting product having improved proof strength, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein a 0.2% proof strength of the modified copper alloy casting is improved by 10% or more compared to a copper alloy casting before modification. 21. A modified copper alloy casting product having improved proof strength, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; P: 0.01-3 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy to to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein a 0.2% proof strength of the modified copper alloy casting product is improved by 10% or more compared to a copper alloy casting before modification. 22. A modified copper alloy casting product having improved proof strength, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; P: 0.01-3 wt %, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg: 0.01 to 1 wt %, Sn: 0.1 to 5 wt %, B: 0.01 to 0.5 wt %, Mn: 0.01 to 5 wt % and Si: 0.01 to 1 wt %, and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy to to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein a 0.2% proof strength of the modified copper alloy casting product is improved by 10% or more compared to a copper alloy casting before modification. | In order to achieve the advantage, master alloy for casting a copper alloy in a form of Cu: 40 to 80%, Zr: 0.5 to 35% and the balance of Zn; and Cu: 40 to 80%, Zr: 0.5 to 35%, P: 0.01 to 3% and the balance of Zn are used, and thus grain-refined copper alloy casting products are obtained.1-13. (canceled) 14. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %, Zr: 1 to 35 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P, to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product has a 0.2% proof strength that is improved by not less than 10% compared to a copper alloy casting before modification and the modified copper alloy casting product comprises 5 to 500 ppm of Zr and 0.01 to 0.35 wt % of P. 15. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 1 to 35 wt %; at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg: 0.01 to 1 wt %, Sn: 0.1 to 5 wt %, B: 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, Mn: 0.01 to 5 wt % and Si: 0.01 to 1 wt %, and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less when a modified copper alloy casting comprises 5 to 500 ppm of Zr and 0.01-0.35 wt % of P. 16. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 1 to 35 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 17. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 20 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein said Zr is present in the form of Cu—Zn—Zr in decreasing order by wt. %, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein, the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 18. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 20 wt %; at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg: 0.01 to 1 wt. %, Sn: 0.1 to 5 wt %, B: 0.01 to 0.5 wt %, Mn: 0.01 to 5 wt % and Si: 0.01 to 1 wt %, and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein said Zr is present in the form of Cu—Zn—Zr in decreasing order by wt %, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein the modified copper alloy casting product includes refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 19. A modified copper alloy casting product, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; P: 0.01-3 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy to which the master alloy is added to produce the modified copper alloy casting product, including refined grains having a grain size of 50 μm or less. 20. A modified copper alloy casting product having improved proof strength, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy comprising P to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein a 0.2% proof strength of the modified copper alloy casting is improved by 10% or more compared to a copper alloy casting before modification. 21. A modified copper alloy casting product having improved proof strength, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; P: 0.01-3 wt % and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy to to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein a 0.2% proof strength of the modified copper alloy casting product is improved by 10% or more compared to a copper alloy casting before modification. 22. A modified copper alloy casting product having improved proof strength, comprising:
(1) a master alloy consisting of Cu: 40 to 80 wt %; Zr: 2 to 35 wt %; P: 0.01-3 wt %, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg: 0.01 to 1 wt %, Sn: 0.1 to 5 wt %, B: 0.01 to 0.5 wt %, Mn: 0.01 to 5 wt % and Si: 0.01 to 1 wt %, and the balance of Zn with inevitable impurities, wherein the master alloy is an ingot formed in a shape of a boat, continuous casting material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, or hot extrusion material formed in a shape of a rod or wire, and wherein the master alloy has a minimum thickness of 1 mm; and (2) a molten copper alloy to to which the master alloy is added to provide the modified copper alloy casting product, wherein a 0.2% proof strength of the modified copper alloy casting product is improved by 10% or more compared to a copper alloy casting before modification. | 1,700 |
343,396 | 16,802,827 | 3,792 | This disclosure describes methods and systems for preventing, moderating, and/or treating brain injury. The methods herein may include obtaining a test result reflecting a condition of a brain in the subject, determining a stimulation parameter based on the test result, and stimulating a nerve based on the stimulation parameter, wherein stimulation of the nerve assists or causes contraction of a respiratory muscle in the subject. The systems herein may include a processor configured to: receive a test result reflecting a condition of a brain in a subject, and determine a stimulation parameter based on the test result; and a stimulator configured to stimulate a nerve based on the stimulation parameter, wherein stimulation of the nerve assists or causes contraction of a respiratory muscle in the subject. | 1-46. (canceled) 47. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; and delivering a first signal to a first nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first signal blocks a pain signal, reduces inflammation of a respiratory tissue, or both. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising, delivering a second signal to a second nerve of the subject, wherein the second nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein delivering the first signal, the second signal, or both, creates negative pressure in a thoracic cavity of the subject. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the first nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve. 51. The method of claim 47, wherein the external respiratory support device includes mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), nasal cannula oxygenation, bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). 52. The method of claim 48, further comprising placing one or more first electrodes proximate the first nerve, and placing one or more second electrodes proximate the second nerve. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes are supported on an intravenous catheter. 54. The method of claim 48, wherein the first signal, the second signal, or both, is a pulsed electrical signal. 55. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; and delivering a first pulsed electrical signal to a first nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first pulsed electrical signal establishes a nerve block. 56. The method of claim 55, further comprising delivering a second pulsed electrical signal to a second nerve of the subject, wherein the second pulsed electrical signal blocks a pain signal, reduces activation of a respiratory stretch receptor, and/or prevents activation of a respiratory stretch receptor. 57. The method of claim 56, further comprising placing one or more first electrodes proximate the first nerve and placing one or more second electrodes proximate the second nerve, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes are supported on a catheter. 58. The method of claim 55, further comprising one or more of:
detecting, via one or more sensors, a cardiac event, a respiratory event, a catheter location, or a combination thereof; and measuring, via the one or more sensors, a pressure, a blood gas concentration, a blood-protein level, an impedance, or a combination thereof. 59. The method of claim 58, further comprising, based on the detecting step, the measuring step, or both, adjusting one or more of:
the positive pressure ventilation; the first pulsed electrical signal; and the second pulsed electrical signal. 60. The method of claim 56, further comprising adjusting the first pulsed electrical signal, the second pulsed electrical signal, or both; and
adjusting the first, the second, or both, pulsed electrical signals comprises: adjusting a frequency; adjusting an amplitude; adjusting a pulse width; adjusting a duration of the electrical signal; or a combination thereof. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein, prior to the adjusting step, the nerve block is discontinued; and
after the adjusting step, the nerve block is reestablished. 62. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; delivering a first signal to a first nerve of the subject; delivering a second signal to a second nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, or both, reduces or prevents activation of a respiratory stretch receptor, establishes a nerve block, blocks a pain signal, and/or reduces inflammation of a respiratory tissue. 63. The method of claim 62, further comprising measuring a blood-protein level, wherein the blood-protein level is related to the subject's inflammation or pain. 64. The method of claim 62, further comprising:
measuring a first blood-protein level; and
measuring a second blood-protein level, wherein each of the first and second blood protein levels are related to the subject's inflammation or pain. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the first blood-protein level is measured before delivery of the first signal, the second signal, or both;
the second blood-protein level is measured after the delivery of the first signal, the second signal, or both; and the second blood-protein level is less than or equal to the first blood-protein level. 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the first signal, the second signal, or both, is an electrical signal. 67. The method of claim 62, wherein the first nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve, the second nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve, and the respiratory stretch receptor is a pulmonary stretch receptor. 68. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; and delivering a first signal to a first nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first signal blocks a pain signal, reduces inflammation of a respiratory tissue, reduces lung injury, reduces brain injury, establishes a nerve block, or a combination thereof. | This disclosure describes methods and systems for preventing, moderating, and/or treating brain injury. The methods herein may include obtaining a test result reflecting a condition of a brain in the subject, determining a stimulation parameter based on the test result, and stimulating a nerve based on the stimulation parameter, wherein stimulation of the nerve assists or causes contraction of a respiratory muscle in the subject. The systems herein may include a processor configured to: receive a test result reflecting a condition of a brain in a subject, and determine a stimulation parameter based on the test result; and a stimulator configured to stimulate a nerve based on the stimulation parameter, wherein stimulation of the nerve assists or causes contraction of a respiratory muscle in the subject.1-46. (canceled) 47. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; and delivering a first signal to a first nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first signal blocks a pain signal, reduces inflammation of a respiratory tissue, or both. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising, delivering a second signal to a second nerve of the subject, wherein the second nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein delivering the first signal, the second signal, or both, creates negative pressure in a thoracic cavity of the subject. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the first nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve. 51. The method of claim 47, wherein the external respiratory support device includes mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), nasal cannula oxygenation, bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). 52. The method of claim 48, further comprising placing one or more first electrodes proximate the first nerve, and placing one or more second electrodes proximate the second nerve. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes are supported on an intravenous catheter. 54. The method of claim 48, wherein the first signal, the second signal, or both, is a pulsed electrical signal. 55. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; and delivering a first pulsed electrical signal to a first nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first pulsed electrical signal establishes a nerve block. 56. The method of claim 55, further comprising delivering a second pulsed electrical signal to a second nerve of the subject, wherein the second pulsed electrical signal blocks a pain signal, reduces activation of a respiratory stretch receptor, and/or prevents activation of a respiratory stretch receptor. 57. The method of claim 56, further comprising placing one or more first electrodes proximate the first nerve and placing one or more second electrodes proximate the second nerve, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes are supported on a catheter. 58. The method of claim 55, further comprising one or more of:
detecting, via one or more sensors, a cardiac event, a respiratory event, a catheter location, or a combination thereof; and measuring, via the one or more sensors, a pressure, a blood gas concentration, a blood-protein level, an impedance, or a combination thereof. 59. The method of claim 58, further comprising, based on the detecting step, the measuring step, or both, adjusting one or more of:
the positive pressure ventilation; the first pulsed electrical signal; and the second pulsed electrical signal. 60. The method of claim 56, further comprising adjusting the first pulsed electrical signal, the second pulsed electrical signal, or both; and
adjusting the first, the second, or both, pulsed electrical signals comprises: adjusting a frequency; adjusting an amplitude; adjusting a pulse width; adjusting a duration of the electrical signal; or a combination thereof. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein, prior to the adjusting step, the nerve block is discontinued; and
after the adjusting step, the nerve block is reestablished. 62. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; delivering a first signal to a first nerve of the subject; delivering a second signal to a second nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first electrical signal, the second electrical signal, or both, reduces or prevents activation of a respiratory stretch receptor, establishes a nerve block, blocks a pain signal, and/or reduces inflammation of a respiratory tissue. 63. The method of claim 62, further comprising measuring a blood-protein level, wherein the blood-protein level is related to the subject's inflammation or pain. 64. The method of claim 62, further comprising:
measuring a first blood-protein level; and
measuring a second blood-protein level, wherein each of the first and second blood protein levels are related to the subject's inflammation or pain. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the first blood-protein level is measured before delivery of the first signal, the second signal, or both;
the second blood-protein level is measured after the delivery of the first signal, the second signal, or both; and the second blood-protein level is less than or equal to the first blood-protein level. 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the first signal, the second signal, or both, is an electrical signal. 67. The method of claim 62, wherein the first nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve, the second nerve is a phrenic nerve or a vagus nerve, and the respiratory stretch receptor is a pulmonary stretch receptor. 68. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising:
assisting breathing of the subject via an external respiratory support device; and delivering a first signal to a first nerve of the subject; wherein delivery of the first signal blocks a pain signal, reduces inflammation of a respiratory tissue, reduces lung injury, reduces brain injury, establishes a nerve block, or a combination thereof. | 3,700 |
343,397 | 16,802,807 | 3,792 | According to one or more embodiments, an internal combustion engine may be operated by a method which includes one or more of passing a first fuel and a second fuel into an engine cylinder to form a fuel mixture, and combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug to translate a piston housed in the engine cylinder and rotate a crank shaft coupled to the piston. The first fuel may comprise a greater octane rating than the second fuel. A target CA50 may correspond to a minimum in specific fuel consumption of the fuel mixture. The spark plug may initiate combustion at a time such that the internal combustion engine operates with an operational CA50 that is within 20 degrees of the target CA50. | 1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber to form a fuel mixture, wherein the first fuel comprises a greater octane rating than the second fuel; combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug; and changing a spark timing of the spark plug such that an operational CA50, indicative of an angular position of a crankshaft when 50 wt. % of the fuel mixture is combusted, is within 20 degrees of a target CA50 that corresponds to a minimum in specific fuel consumption. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein changing the spark timing comprises retarding the spark timing. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising decreasing an amount of the first fuel and increasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber, thereby increasing an energy density of the fuel mixture. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein changing the spark timing comprises advancing the spark timing, thereby increasing a thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising decreasing an amount of the first fuel and increasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing an amount of the first fuel and decreasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein an amount of high octane fuel in the fuel mixture is within 20 wt. % of a minimum amount of high octane fuel needed to prevent knocking at the operational CA50. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the operational CA50 is from 8 degrees to 35 degrees. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port and the second fuel in injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel in injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel comprises one or more alcohols. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second fuel comprises a petroleum-based fuel. 14. A method of operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber to form a fuel mixture, wherein the first fuel comprises a greater octane rating than the second fuel; retarding a spark timing at which a spark plug initiates combustion of the fuel mixture; and decreasing an amount of the first fuel and increasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber, thereby decreasing specific fuel consumption such that an operational CA50, indicative of an angular position of a crankshaft when 50 wt. % of the fuel mixture is combusted, is within 20 degrees of a target CA50 that corresponds to a minimum in specific fuel consumption. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein an amount of high octane fuel in the fuel mixture is within 20 wt. % of a minimum amount of high octane fuel needed to prevent knocking at the operational CA50. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational CA50 is from 8 degrees to 35 degrees. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fuel is injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port and the second fuel in injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel in injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the second fuel comprises a petroleum-based fuel. | According to one or more embodiments, an internal combustion engine may be operated by a method which includes one or more of passing a first fuel and a second fuel into an engine cylinder to form a fuel mixture, and combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug to translate a piston housed in the engine cylinder and rotate a crank shaft coupled to the piston. The first fuel may comprise a greater octane rating than the second fuel. A target CA50 may correspond to a minimum in specific fuel consumption of the fuel mixture. The spark plug may initiate combustion at a time such that the internal combustion engine operates with an operational CA50 that is within 20 degrees of the target CA50.1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber to form a fuel mixture, wherein the first fuel comprises a greater octane rating than the second fuel; combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug; and changing a spark timing of the spark plug such that an operational CA50, indicative of an angular position of a crankshaft when 50 wt. % of the fuel mixture is combusted, is within 20 degrees of a target CA50 that corresponds to a minimum in specific fuel consumption. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein changing the spark timing comprises retarding the spark timing. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising decreasing an amount of the first fuel and increasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber, thereby increasing an energy density of the fuel mixture. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein changing the spark timing comprises advancing the spark timing, thereby increasing a thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising decreasing an amount of the first fuel and increasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing an amount of the first fuel and decreasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein an amount of high octane fuel in the fuel mixture is within 20 wt. % of a minimum amount of high octane fuel needed to prevent knocking at the operational CA50. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the operational CA50 is from 8 degrees to 35 degrees. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port and the second fuel in injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel in injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fuel comprises one or more alcohols. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second fuel comprises a petroleum-based fuel. 14. A method of operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber to form a fuel mixture, wherein the first fuel comprises a greater octane rating than the second fuel; retarding a spark timing at which a spark plug initiates combustion of the fuel mixture; and decreasing an amount of the first fuel and increasing an amount of the second fuel passed to the combustion chamber, thereby decreasing specific fuel consumption such that an operational CA50, indicative of an angular position of a crankshaft when 50 wt. % of the fuel mixture is combusted, is within 20 degrees of a target CA50 that corresponds to a minimum in specific fuel consumption. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein an amount of high octane fuel in the fuel mixture is within 20 wt. % of a minimum amount of high octane fuel needed to prevent knocking at the operational CA50. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the operational CA50 is from 8 degrees to 35 degrees. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fuel is injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port and the second fuel in injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel in injected by a port fuel injector into an intake port. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber and the second fuel is injected by a direct fuel injector into the combustion chamber. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the second fuel comprises a petroleum-based fuel. | 3,700 |
343,398 | 16,802,819 | 3,792 | A method includes removing an oxide layer from select areas of a surface of a metal structure of a lead frame to create openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. The method further includes attaching a semiconductor die to the lead frame, performing an electrical connection process that electrically couples an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die, enclosing the semiconductor die in a package structure, and separating the electronic device from the lead frame. In one example, the openings are created by a laser ablation process. In another example, the openings are created by a chemical etch process using a mask. In another example, the openings are created by a plasma process. | 1. A lead frame, comprising:
a metal structure; an oxide layer on a surface of the metal structure; and openings extending through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 2. The lead frame of claim 1, wherein the openings include a bump landing arranged to accommodate direct soldering of a metal bump of a semiconductor die to an associated exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 3. The lead frame of claim 2, wherein the openings include a bond wire attachment location arranged to accommodate direct soldering of a bond wire to an associated exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 4. The lead frame of claim 1, wherein the openings include a bond wire attachment location arranged to accommodate direct soldering of a bond wire to an associated exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 5. A method for fabricating an electronic device, the method comprising:
removing an oxide layer from select areas of a surface of a metal structure of a lead frame to create openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure; attaching a semiconductor die to the lead frame; performing an electrical connection process that electrically couples an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die; enclosing the semiconductor die in a package structure; and separating the electronic device from the lead frame. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the electrical connection process includes:
attaching a solder wetted metal bump of the semiconductor die to an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in a bump landing opening through the oxide layer; and reflowing solder of the solder wetted metal bump to solder the metal bump to the exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein performing the electrical connection process further includes:
performing a wire bonding process that: solders a first end of a bond wire to an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in a bond wire attachment location opening through the oxide layer; and solders a second end of the bond wire to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the electrical connection process further includes:
performing a wire bonding process that: solders a first end of a bond wire to an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in a bond wire attachment location opening through the oxide layer; and solders a second end of the bond wire to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein removing the oxide layer includes:
performing a laser ablation process that removes the oxide layer from the select areas of the surface of the metal structure of the lead frame to create the openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein removing the oxide layer includes:
using an etch mask, performing a chemical etch process that removes the oxide layer from the select areas of the surface of the metal structure of the lead frame to create the openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein removing the oxide layer includes:
using a stencil, performing a plasma process that removes the oxide layer from the select areas of the surface of the metal structure of the lead frame to create the openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 12. An electronic device, comprising:
a semiconductor die supported in a package structure; a metal structure, including an oxide layer on a surface of the metal structure, and openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure; an electrical connection between a conductive feature of the semiconductor die and an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in one of the openings through the oxide layer. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings include a bump landing soldered to a metal bump of the semiconductor die. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the openings further include a bond wire attachment location soldered to a bond wire. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the openings are laser ablated through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings further include a bond wire attachment location soldered to a bond wire. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the openings are laser ablated through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 18. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings are laser ablated through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 19. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings are chemical etched through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 20. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings are plasma etched through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. | A method includes removing an oxide layer from select areas of a surface of a metal structure of a lead frame to create openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. The method further includes attaching a semiconductor die to the lead frame, performing an electrical connection process that electrically couples an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die, enclosing the semiconductor die in a package structure, and separating the electronic device from the lead frame. In one example, the openings are created by a laser ablation process. In another example, the openings are created by a chemical etch process using a mask. In another example, the openings are created by a plasma process.1. A lead frame, comprising:
a metal structure; an oxide layer on a surface of the metal structure; and openings extending through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 2. The lead frame of claim 1, wherein the openings include a bump landing arranged to accommodate direct soldering of a metal bump of a semiconductor die to an associated exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 3. The lead frame of claim 2, wherein the openings include a bond wire attachment location arranged to accommodate direct soldering of a bond wire to an associated exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 4. The lead frame of claim 1, wherein the openings include a bond wire attachment location arranged to accommodate direct soldering of a bond wire to an associated exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 5. A method for fabricating an electronic device, the method comprising:
removing an oxide layer from select areas of a surface of a metal structure of a lead frame to create openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure; attaching a semiconductor die to the lead frame; performing an electrical connection process that electrically couples an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die; enclosing the semiconductor die in a package structure; and separating the electronic device from the lead frame. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the electrical connection process includes:
attaching a solder wetted metal bump of the semiconductor die to an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in a bump landing opening through the oxide layer; and reflowing solder of the solder wetted metal bump to solder the metal bump to the exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein performing the electrical connection process further includes:
performing a wire bonding process that: solders a first end of a bond wire to an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in a bond wire attachment location opening through the oxide layer; and solders a second end of the bond wire to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the electrical connection process further includes:
performing a wire bonding process that: solders a first end of a bond wire to an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in a bond wire attachment location opening through the oxide layer; and solders a second end of the bond wire to a conductive feature of the semiconductor die. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein removing the oxide layer includes:
performing a laser ablation process that removes the oxide layer from the select areas of the surface of the metal structure of the lead frame to create the openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein removing the oxide layer includes:
using an etch mask, performing a chemical etch process that removes the oxide layer from the select areas of the surface of the metal structure of the lead frame to create the openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein removing the oxide layer includes:
using a stencil, performing a plasma process that removes the oxide layer from the select areas of the surface of the metal structure of the lead frame to create the openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure. 12. An electronic device, comprising:
a semiconductor die supported in a package structure; a metal structure, including an oxide layer on a surface of the metal structure, and openings that extend through the oxide layer to expose portions of the surface of the metal structure; an electrical connection between a conductive feature of the semiconductor die and an exposed portion of the surface of the metal structure in one of the openings through the oxide layer. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings include a bump landing soldered to a metal bump of the semiconductor die. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the openings further include a bond wire attachment location soldered to a bond wire. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the openings are laser ablated through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings further include a bond wire attachment location soldered to a bond wire. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the openings are laser ablated through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 18. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings are laser ablated through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 19. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings are chemical etched through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. 20. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the openings are plasma etched through the oxide layer to expose the portions of the surface of the metal structure. | 3,700 |
343,399 | 16,802,803 | 3,792 | A nonvolatile memory device and a method of operating the same are provided. The nonvolatile memory device may include a memory cell array having a vertical stack-type structure, a control logic, and a bit line. The memory cell array may include memory cells that each include corresponding portions of a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer. The control logic, in a read operation, may be configured to apply a first voltage to a non-select memory cell and a second voltage to a non-select memory cell. The first voltage turns on current only in the semiconductor layer portion of the non-select memory cell. The second voltage turns on current in both the semiconductor layer and resistance change layer portions of the select memory cell. The bit line may be configured to apply a read voltage to the select memory cell during the read operation. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array having a vertical stack-type structure including a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer, the memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells that each include a corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and a corresponding portion of the resistance change layer; and a control logic,
the control logic, in a read operation, being configured to apply a first voltage to a non-select memory cell and the first voltage has a level to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell,
the control logic, during the read operation, being configured to apply a second voltage to a select memory cell and the second voltage has a level to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, and
the non-select memory cell and the select memory cell being among the plurality of memory cells of the memory cell array; and
a bit line connected to the memory cell array, the bit line being configured to apply a read voltage to the select memory cell during the read operation. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein an absolute value of the second voltage is less than an absolute value of the first voltage. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein
the absolute value of the second voltage is greater than an absolute value of a third voltage, and the third voltage has a level to turn on current in the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, based on the control logic applying the third voltage to the select memory cell. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein,
the control logic, in a program operation, is configured to apply the first voltage to the non-select memory cell to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell, and the control logic, in the program operation, is configured to apply the second voltage to the select memory cell to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, and the bit line is configured to apply a program voltage to the select memory cell during the program operation. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the select memory cell has a resistance magnitude in a range of 104Ω through 1012Ω, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a ratio of a maximum value to a minimum value of a composite resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell is 10 or less, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer corresponding of the select memory cell is equal to or greater than a minimum resistance of the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 8. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer corresponding of the select memory cell is equal to or less than a maximum resistance of the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer corresponding to the select memory cell, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell have a parallel connection structure. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cell array includes:
the semiconductor layer extending in a first direction; a plurality of gates and a plurality of insulating layers extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and alternately disposed to each other; a gate insulating layer extending in the first direction between the plurality of gates, the plurality of insulating layers, and the semiconductor layer; and the resistance change layer extending in the first direction on the semiconductor layer. 11. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the resistance change layer contacts the semiconductor layer. 12. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the resistance change layer is spaced apart from the gate insulating layer with the semiconductor layer therebetween. 13. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the resistance change layer includes a material in which a resistance is changed by a phenomenon of oxygen vacancies or a current conduction mechanism by trap/detrap of electrons. 14. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the resistance change layer includes one or more transition metal oxides, one or more transition metal nitrides, or both the one or more transition metal oxides and one or more transition metal nitrides. 15. A method of operating a non-volatile memory device, the method comprising:
applying a first voltage to a non-select memory cell among a plurality of memory cells of a memory cell array, the memory cell array having a vertical stack-type structure including a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer, each of the plurality of memory cells including a corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and a corresponding portion of the resistance change layer, and the first voltage having a level to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell; applying a second voltage to a select memory cell among the plurality of memory cells of the memory cell array, the second voltage having a level to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of resistance change layer of the select memory cell; and applying a read voltage to the select memory cell of the memory cell array. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein an absolute value of the second voltage is less than an absolute value of the first voltage. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein
an absolute value of the second voltage is greater than a third voltage, and the third voltage has a level to turn on current in the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell of the memory cell array, based on applying the third voltage to the select memory cell. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a ratio of a maximum value to a minimum value of a composite resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell is 10 or less, based on applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the select memory cell is equal to or greater than the minimum resistance of the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, based on applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the selected memory cell have a parallel connection structure. 21. A memory device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of cell strings on the substrate and spaced apart from each other,
each of the plurality of cells strings including a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer on the substrate,
each of the plurality of cell strings including a plurality of memory cells stacked on top of each other on a string selection transistor,
each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells in a same cell string among the plurality of cell strings each including a corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and a corresponding portion of resistance change layer in the same cell string;
a plurality of bit lines on the substrate, each of the bit lines being connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of cell strings arranged in a same column on the substrate, the plurality of bit lines being configured to apply a read voltage to a select memory cell during a read operation using a selected bit line among the plurality of bit lines, the select memory cell and a non-select memory cell being among the plurality of memory cells on the substrate; a plurality of word lines on the substrate, each of the plurality of word lines being connected to the plurality of memory cells at a same height among the plurality of cell strings arranged in a same row on the substrate; and a control logic,
the control logic, in the read operation, being configured to apply a first voltage to a non-select memory cell using an unselected word line among the plurality of word lines, the first voltage having a level to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell,
the control logic, during the read operation, being configured to apply a second voltage to the select memory cell using a selected word line among the plurality of word lines, the second voltage having a level to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell. | A nonvolatile memory device and a method of operating the same are provided. The nonvolatile memory device may include a memory cell array having a vertical stack-type structure, a control logic, and a bit line. The memory cell array may include memory cells that each include corresponding portions of a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer. The control logic, in a read operation, may be configured to apply a first voltage to a non-select memory cell and a second voltage to a non-select memory cell. The first voltage turns on current only in the semiconductor layer portion of the non-select memory cell. The second voltage turns on current in both the semiconductor layer and resistance change layer portions of the select memory cell. The bit line may be configured to apply a read voltage to the select memory cell during the read operation.1. A memory device comprising:
a memory cell array having a vertical stack-type structure including a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer, the memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells that each include a corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and a corresponding portion of the resistance change layer; and a control logic,
the control logic, in a read operation, being configured to apply a first voltage to a non-select memory cell and the first voltage has a level to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell,
the control logic, during the read operation, being configured to apply a second voltage to a select memory cell and the second voltage has a level to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, and
the non-select memory cell and the select memory cell being among the plurality of memory cells of the memory cell array; and
a bit line connected to the memory cell array, the bit line being configured to apply a read voltage to the select memory cell during the read operation. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein an absolute value of the second voltage is less than an absolute value of the first voltage. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein
the absolute value of the second voltage is greater than an absolute value of a third voltage, and the third voltage has a level to turn on current in the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, based on the control logic applying the third voltage to the select memory cell. 4. The memory device of claim 3, wherein,
the control logic, in a program operation, is configured to apply the first voltage to the non-select memory cell to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell, and the control logic, in the program operation, is configured to apply the second voltage to the select memory cell to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, and the bit line is configured to apply a program voltage to the select memory cell during the program operation. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the select memory cell has a resistance magnitude in a range of 104Ω through 1012Ω, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a ratio of a maximum value to a minimum value of a composite resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell is 10 or less, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer corresponding of the select memory cell is equal to or greater than a minimum resistance of the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 8. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer corresponding of the select memory cell is equal to or less than a maximum resistance of the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer corresponding to the select memory cell, based on the control logic applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell have a parallel connection structure. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cell array includes:
the semiconductor layer extending in a first direction; a plurality of gates and a plurality of insulating layers extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and alternately disposed to each other; a gate insulating layer extending in the first direction between the plurality of gates, the plurality of insulating layers, and the semiconductor layer; and the resistance change layer extending in the first direction on the semiconductor layer. 11. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the resistance change layer contacts the semiconductor layer. 12. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the resistance change layer is spaced apart from the gate insulating layer with the semiconductor layer therebetween. 13. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the resistance change layer includes a material in which a resistance is changed by a phenomenon of oxygen vacancies or a current conduction mechanism by trap/detrap of electrons. 14. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the resistance change layer includes one or more transition metal oxides, one or more transition metal nitrides, or both the one or more transition metal oxides and one or more transition metal nitrides. 15. A method of operating a non-volatile memory device, the method comprising:
applying a first voltage to a non-select memory cell among a plurality of memory cells of a memory cell array, the memory cell array having a vertical stack-type structure including a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer, each of the plurality of memory cells including a corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and a corresponding portion of the resistance change layer, and the first voltage having a level to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell; applying a second voltage to a select memory cell among the plurality of memory cells of the memory cell array, the second voltage having a level to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of resistance change layer of the select memory cell; and applying a read voltage to the select memory cell of the memory cell array. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein an absolute value of the second voltage is less than an absolute value of the first voltage. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein
an absolute value of the second voltage is greater than a third voltage, and the third voltage has a level to turn on current in the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell of the memory cell array, based on applying the third voltage to the select memory cell. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a ratio of a maximum value to a minimum value of a composite resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell is 10 or less, based on applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the second voltage has a magnitude so that a resistance of the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the select memory cell is equal to or greater than the minimum resistance of the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell, based on applying the second voltage to the select memory cell. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the selected memory cell have a parallel connection structure. 21. A memory device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of cell strings on the substrate and spaced apart from each other,
each of the plurality of cells strings including a semiconductor layer and a resistance change layer on the substrate,
each of the plurality of cell strings including a plurality of memory cells stacked on top of each other on a string selection transistor,
each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells in a same cell string among the plurality of cell strings each including a corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and a corresponding portion of resistance change layer in the same cell string;
a plurality of bit lines on the substrate, each of the bit lines being connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of cell strings arranged in a same column on the substrate, the plurality of bit lines being configured to apply a read voltage to a select memory cell during a read operation using a selected bit line among the plurality of bit lines, the select memory cell and a non-select memory cell being among the plurality of memory cells on the substrate; a plurality of word lines on the substrate, each of the plurality of word lines being connected to the plurality of memory cells at a same height among the plurality of cell strings arranged in a same row on the substrate; and a control logic,
the control logic, in the read operation, being configured to apply a first voltage to a non-select memory cell using an unselected word line among the plurality of word lines, the first voltage having a level to turn on current only in the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer of the non-select memory cell,
the control logic, during the read operation, being configured to apply a second voltage to the select memory cell using a selected word line among the plurality of word lines, the second voltage having a level to turn on current in both the corresponding portion of the semiconductor layer and the corresponding portion of the resistance change layer of the select memory cell. | 3,700 |
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